himself_o and_o family_n consist_v of_o eleven_o in_o number_n to_o this_o island_n of_o tobago_n and_o suppose_v their_o passage_n cost_v he_o fifty_o pound_n and_o manual_n with_o other_o thing_n requisite_a and_o necessary_a for_o plant_v as_o also_o provision_n for_o the_o first_o twelve_o month_n together_o with_o the_o charge_n of_o houshold-stuff_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n may_v stand_v he_o in_o forty_o seven_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n more_o suppose_v also_o this_o man_n take_v a_o lease_n of_o fifty_o acre_n of_o land_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o twelve_o penny_n a_o acre_n annual_o it_o amount_v but_o to_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n a_o year_n except_o otherwise_o he_o purchase_v the_o fee_n simple_a of_o the_o proprietor_n which_o complete_v the_o hundred_o pound_n this_o be_v the_o first_o money_n lay_v out_o nor_o need_v he_o be_v at_o any_o more_o charge_n for_o in_o twelve_o month_n time_n he_o will_v have_v ground-provision_n enough_o and_o in_o all_o probability_n two_o crop_n of_o tobacco_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o consider_v of_o be_v the_o improvement_n improvement_n it_o be_v improvement_n of_o the_o say_a land_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v after_o your_o arrival_n in_o the_o island_n of_o tobago_n the_o first_o six_o month_n may_v be_v spend_v to_o clear_v fifteen_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o to_o put_v provisn_n into_o the_o ground_n to_o build_v conveniency_n to_o accommodate_v yourself_o and_o family_n to_o adapt_v and_o fit_a ground_n for_o plant_v a_o nursery_n of_o cacao-nut_n as_o also_o a_o bed_n sow_v with_o tobacco-seed_n and_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v your_o nursery_n clear_a from_o weed_n then_o about_o a_o month_n time_n after_o you_o have_v sow_o your_o tobacco-seed_n provide_v the_o season_n be_v good_a you_o may_v then_o draw_v your_o tobacco-plant_n and_o plant_v they_o about_o some_o four_o foot_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o regular_o and_o in_o row_n which_o say_v tobacco_n tobago_n produce_v be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o spanish_a trinidado_n that_o lie_v about_o seven_o league_n distance_n from_o the_o say_a island_n of_o tobago_n who_o sell_v their_o trinidado-tobacco_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o two_o shilling_n a_o pound_n which_o say_v tobacco_n the_o spaniard_n transport_v from_o thence_o to_o old_a spain_n and_o sell_v it_o there_o for_o considerable_a advantage_n now_o among_o your_o tobacco-plant_n you_o may_v plant_v your_o cacao_n and_o transplant_v they_o when_o about_o six_o month_n old_a into_o new_a ground_n at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n distance_n and_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v they_o clear_v from_o weed_n in_o which_o latter_o six_o month_n time_n you_o may_v have_v on_o your_o clear_v ground_n two_o crop_n of_o tobacco_n now_o admit_v you_o make_v but_o eight_o thousand_o weight_n of_o neat_a tobacco_n on_o the_o say_a ground_n yet_o in_o all_o probability_n provide_v your_o people_n be_v healthy_a it_o may_v double_v the_o number_n to_o sixteen_o thousand_o but_o if_o it_o do_v not_o and_o put_v the_o case_n your_o tobacco_n sell_v but_o for_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o what_o the_o spaniard_n sell_v for_o in_o trinidado_n which_o be_v but_o three_o penny_n per_fw-la pound_n sell_v here_o in_o our_o island_n yet_o will_v this_o crop_n yield_v you_o one_o hundred_o pound_v sterling_a which_o be_v your_o money_n gain_v the_o very_a first_o year_n and_o in_o six_o month_n time_n all_o charge_n be_v bear_v now_o suppose_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o second_o year_n the_o say_v sixteen_o acre_n be_v all_o clear_v and_o provision_n enough_o put_v into_o the_o ground_n sufficient_a for_o double_v your_o number_n of_o hand_n you_o may_v rational_o then_o expect_v four_o crop_n in_o twelve_o month_n time_n when_o as_o former_o you_o make_v two_o crop_n in_o the_o last_o six_o month_n so_o that_o with_o the_o hundred_o pound_n you_o gain_v last_o year_n you_o may_v now_o purchase_v seven_o or_o eight_o slave_n or_o servant_n which_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n treble_v the_o first_o year_n but_o put_v the_o case_n it_o but_o only_o double_a yet_o at_o the_o worst_a it_o may_v yield_v you_o and_o all_o charge_n bear_v two_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a now_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conclude_v if_o thing_n succeed_v well_o but_o the_o three_o year_n will_v double_v the_o second_o by_o improvement_n as_o be_v above_o express_v and_o if_o so_o your_o crop_n will_v amount_v to_o four_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a and_o the_o four_o year_n double_v the_o three_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cacao_n that_o be_v plant_v the_o first_o year_n on_o the_o fifteen_o acre_n of_o land_n may_v produce_v to_o the_o value_n of_o thirty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o acre_n beside_o the_o increase_n of_o tobacco_n and_o clear_v of_o more_o ground_n together_o with_o your_o increase_n of_o servant_n ana_fw-la slave_n and_o plant_v of_o more_o cacao-tree_n which_o at_o least_o will_v arise_v to_o eight_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a the_o four_o year_n the_o five_o year_n in_o all_o probability_n double_v the_o four_o year_n the_o six_o year_n you_o may_v very_o well_o clear_a six_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o all_o charge_n bear_v by_o reason_n the_o cacao_n plant_v the_o first_o year_n be_v now_o come_v to_o perfection_n and_o at_o its_o full_a height_n of_o bear_v which_o in_o this_o latitude_n may_v yield_v one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a a_o acre_n viz._n the_o first_o fifteen_o acre_n which_o be_v plant_v the_o first_o year_n and_o the_o second_o year_n plant_n plant_v the_o second_o year_n will_v yield_v you_o sixty_o pound_n sterling_a and_o the_o three_o year_n plant_n as_o by_o the_o same_o calculation_n may_v yield_v you_o thirty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o acre_n so_o that_o by_o purchase_v the_o more_o servant_n and_o slave_n you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v decline_v so_o much_o plant_v of_o tobacco_n as_o former_o you_o do_v the_o seven_o year_n you_o will_v have_v all_o your_o land_n plant_v with_o cacao_n and_o that_o increase_a you_o need_v not_o plant_v above_o ten_o or_o fiften_v acre_n of_o tobacco_n this_o year_n among_o your_o cacao_n but_o you_o may_v plant_v provision_n among_o they_o for_o support_v and_o maintenance_n of_o yourself_o and_o family_n so_o that_o from_o that_o increase_n of_o your_o seven_o year_n crop_n you_o may_v hope_v and_o expect_v by_o a_o modest_a computation_n to_o clear_v from_o the_o say_v fifty_o acre_n of_o land_n at_o least_o five_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n and_o now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o reason_n for_o this_o great_a improvement_n improvement_n the_o reason_n for_o improvement_n you_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o spaniard_n in_o trinidado_n etc._n etc._n give_v among_o themselves_o one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a for_o a_o negro-slave_n and_o yet_o the_o say_a slave_n will_v not_o stand_v his_o master_n in_o one_o single_a penny_n at_o the_o year_n end_n for_o his_o purchase_n and_o all_o the_o labour_n and_o service_n the_o spaniard_n employ_v he_o in_o the_o year_n about_o be_v only_o in_o cacao_n and_o spanish-tobacco_n in_o this_o our_o latitude_n now_o pray_v consider_v that_o we_o can_v have_v negro-slave_n bring_v and_o deliver_v to_o we_o at_o fifteen_o pound_n sterling_a a_o head_n by_o reason_n we_o have_v a_o open_a trade_n and_o the_o spaniard_n allow_v not_o of_o a_o free_a trade_n where_o note_n the_o spaniard_n pay_v sixpence_n or_o more_o for_o every_o thing_n he_o want_v when_o we_o have_v the_o same_o for_o a_o single_a penny_n that_o be_v one_o reason_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v the_o spaniard_n can_v have_v any_o tonnage_n for_o good_n from_o old_a spain_n to_o the_o west-indies_n and_o home_o again_o for_o less_o than_o forty_o or_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la tun_n beside_o the_o duty_n run_v very_o high_a and_o we_o can_v have_v freight_n for_o five_o or_o six_o pound_n per_fw-la tun_n and_o no_o duty_n from_o we_o to_o a_o tree_n port._n when_o therefore_o to_o consider_v and_o compute_v the_o charge_n on_o either_o side_n we_o profit_v by_o what_o we_o transport_v six_o to_o one_o which_o make_v the_o spaniard_n general_o so_o poor_a in_o the_o indies_n and_o we_o general_o to_o flourish_v so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o three_o reason_n be_v that_o in_o a_o ship_n of_o three_o hundred_o tun_n the_o spaniard_n have_v seldom_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o man_n belong_v to_o she_o and_o the_o wage_n each_o man_n come_v to_o at_o least_o fifty_o shilling_n sterling_a per_fw-la month_n which_o in_o the_o whole_a amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o pound_n a_o month_n bare_o for_o wage_n than_o you_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o monthly_a provision_n to_o accommodate_v these_o man_n can_v come_v to_o less_o than_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a and_o ten_o month_n at_o six_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n per_fw-la month_n amount_v to_o six_o
carpenter_n trade_n their_o trade_n joiner_n bricklayer_n mason_n plasterer_n plumber_n smith_n glasier_n tailor_n shoemaker_n butcher_n baker_n brewer_n glover_n tanner_n felmongers_n wheelrights_a mill-rights_a ship-rights_a boat-rights_a rope-maker_n sail-maker_n block-maker_n turner_n etc._n etc._n 6._o there_o be_v two_o market_n every_o week_n fair_n their_o market_n and_o fair_n and_o two_o fair_n every_o year_n in_o other_o place_n market_n also_o as_o at_o chester_n and_o newcastle_n 7._o seven_o ordinary_n ordinary_n their_o ordinary_n for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o stranger_n and_o workman_n that_o be_v not_o housekeeper_n and_o a_o good_a meal_n to_o be_v have_v for_o sixpence_n sterling_n 8._o the_o hour_n for_o work_n work_n hour_n for_o work_n and_o meal_n to_o labourer_n be_v fix_v and_o know_v by_o ring_n of_o bell._n 9_o after_o nine_o at_o night_n the_o officer_n go_v the_o round_n and_o no_o person_n without_o very_o good_a cause_n suffer_v to_o be_v at_o any_o publick-house_n that_o be_v not_o a_o lodger_n lodger_n hour_n for_o lodger_n 10._o though_o this_o town_n seem_v at_o first_o contrive_v for_o the_o purchaser_n of_o the_o first_o hundred_o share_n improvement_n a_o addition_n for_o improvement_n each_o share_n consist_v of_o 5000_o acre_n yet_o few_o go_v and_o that_o their_o absence_n may_v not_o check_v the_o improvement_n of_o the_o place_n and_o stranger_n that_o flock_v to_o we_o be_v thereby_o exclude_v i_o add_v that_o half_a of_o the_o town_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o skulkil_n that_o we_o may_v have_v room_n for_o present_a and_o after-comer_n that_o be_v not_o of_o that_o number_n and_o it_o have_v already_o have_v great_a success_n to_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o place_n 11._o some_o vessel_n build_v vessel_n build_v have_v be_v here_o build_v and_o many_o boat_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n a_o ready_a conveniency_n for_o passage_n for_o people_n and_o good_n 12._o divers_a brickery_n brickery_n divers_a brickery_n go_v on_o many_o cellar_n already_o stone_v or_o brick_v and_o some_o brick-house_n go_v up_o 13._o the_o town_n be_v well_o furnish_v what_o with_o convenient_a mill_n mill_n convenient_a mill_n and_o what_o with_o their_o garden-plot_n the_o least_o half_a a_o acre_n the_o fish_n of_o the_o river_n and_o their_o labour_n to_o the_o countryman_n who_o begin_v to_o pay_v with_o the_o provision_n of_o his_o own_o growth_n they_o live_v comfortable_o 14._o the_o improvement_n improvement_n it_o be_v improvement_n of_o the_o place_n be_v best_a measure_v by_o the_o advance_v of_o value_n upon_o every_o man_n lot_n i_o will_v venture_v to_o say_v that_o the_o worst_a lot_n in_o the_o town_n without_o any_o improvement_n upon_o it_o be_v worth_a four_o time_n more_o than_o it_o be_v when_o it_o be_v lay_v out_o and_o the_o best_a forty_o and_o though_o it_o seem_v unequal_a that_o the_o absent_a shall_v be_v thus_o benefit_v by_o the_o improvement_n of_o those_o upon_o the_o place_n especial_o when_o they_o have_v serve_v no_o office_n run_v no_o hazard_n nor_o as_o yet_o defray_v any_o public_a charge_n yet_o this_o advantage_n do_v certain_o redound_v to_o they_o and_o whoever_o theyare_n they_o be_v great_a debtor_n to_o the_o country_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o country-settlement_n 1._o we_o do_v settle_v in_o the_o way_n of_o township_n or_o village_n settlement_n their_o settlement_n each_o of_o which_o contain_v 5000_o acre_n in_o square_a and_o at_o least_o ten_o famly_n the_o regulation_n of_o the_o country_n be_v a_o family_n to_o each_o 500_o acre_n some_o township_n have_v more_o where_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o people_n be_v less_o than_o that_o quantity_n which_o often_o fall_v out_o 2._o many_o that_o have_v right_o to_o more_o land_n be_v at_o first_o covetous_a to_o have_v their_o whole_a quantity_n without_o regard_n to_o this_o way_n of_o settlement_n though_o by_o such_o wilderness-vacancies_a they_o have_v ruin_v the_o country_n and_o their_o own_o interest_n of_o course_n i_o have_v in_o my_o view_n society_n assistance_n easy_a commerce_n instruction_n of_o youth_n government_n of_o people_n manner_n conveniency_n of_o religious_a assemble_v encouragement_n of_o mechanic_n distinct_a and_o beat_a road_n and_o it_o be_v answer_v in_o all_o these_o respect_n i_o think_v to_o a_o universal_a content_n 3._o our_o township_n lie_v square_a general_o the_o village_n in_o the_o centre_n the_o house_n either_o opposite_a or_o else_o opposite_a to_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o two_o house_n over_o the_o way_n for_o near_a neighbourhood_n we_o have_v another_o method_n that_o through_o the_o village_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n yet_o after_o a_o different_a manner_n five_o hundred_o acre_n be_v allot_v for_o the_o village_n which_o among_o ten_o family_n come_v to_o fifty_o acre_n each_o this_o lie_v square_a and_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o square_n stand_v the_o house_n and_o their_o fifty_o acre_n run_v back_o who_o end_n meet_v make_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o 500_o acre_n as_o they_o be_v to_o the_o whole_a before_o the_o door_n of_o whole_a house_n lie_v the_o highway_n and_o cross_v it_o every_o man_n 450_o acre_n of_o land_n that_o make_v up_o his_o compliment_n of_o 500_o so_o that_o the_o conveniency_n of_o neighbourhood_n be_v make_v agreeable_a with_o that_o of_o the_o land_n 4._o i_o say_v nothing_o in_o my_o last_o of_o any_o number_n of_o township_n but_o there_o be_v at_o least_o fifty_o settle_a before_o my_o leave_v those_o part_n which_o be_v in_o the_o month_n call_v august_n 1684._o 5._o i_o visit_v many_o of_o they_o and_o find_v they_o much_o advance_v in_o their_o improvement_n house_n over_o their_o head_n and_o garden-plot_n covert_n for_o their_o cattle_n a_o increase_n of_o stock_n and_o several_a enclosure_n in_o corn_n especial_o the_o first_o commerce_n and_o i_o may_v say_v of_o some_o poor_a man_n even_o to_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o estate_n the_o difference_n of_o labour_v for_o themselves_o and_o for_o other_o of_o a_o inheritance_n and_o a_o rack-lease_n be_v never_o better_a understand_v the_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n 1._o the_o earth_n by_o god_n blessing_n have_v more_o than_o answer_v our_o expectation_n product_n the_o earth_n product_n the_o poor_a place_n in_o our_o judgement_n produce_v large_a crop_n of_o garden_n stuff_n and_o grain_n and_o though_o our_o ground_n have_v not_o general_o the_o symptom_n of_o the_o fat_a neck_n that_o lie_v upon_o salt_n water_n in_o province_n southern_a of_o we_o our_o grain_n be_v think_v to_o excel_v and_o our_o crop_n to_o be_v as_o large_a we_o have_v have_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o good_a ground_n among_o we_o from_o thirty_o to_o sixty-fold_n of_o english_a corn._n 2._o the_o land_n require_v less_o seed_n three_o peck_v of_o wheat_n sow_v a_o acre_n a_o bushel_n at_o most_o and_o some_o have_v have_v the_o increase_n i_o have_v mention_v 3._o upon_o trial_n we_o find_v that_o the_o corn_n and_o root_n that_o grow_v in_o england_n thrive_v very_o well_o there_o as_o wheat_n barley_n rye_n oat_n buck-wheat_n pease_n bean_n cabbage_n turnip_n carrot_n parsnep_n colliflower_n asparagus_n onion_n charlot_n garlic_n and_o irish_a potato_n we_o have_v also_o the_o spanish_a and_o very_o good_a rice_n which_o do_v not_o grow_v here_o 4._o our_o low-land_n be_v excellent_a for_o rape_n and_o hemp_n and_o flax._n a_o trial_n have_v be_v make_v and_o of_o the_o two_o last_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n dress_v yearly_o 5._o the_o weed_n of_o our_o wood_n feed_v our_o cattle_n to_o the_o market_n as_o well_o as_o dairy_n i_o have_v see_v fat_a bullock_n bring_v thence_o to_o market_n before_o midsummer_n our_o swamp_n or_o maarsh_n yield_v we_o course_n hay_n for_o the_o winter_n 6._o english_a grass-seed_n take_v well_o which_o will_v give_v we_o fat_v hay_n in_o time_n of_o this_o i_o make_v a_o experiment_n in_o my_o own_o court-yard_n upon_o sand_n that_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o my_o cellar_n with_o seed_n that_o have_v lie_v in_o a_o cask_n open_a to_o the_o wether_n two_o winter_n and_o a_o summer_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v sow_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n call_v april_n and_o a_o fortnight_n before_o midsummer_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o mow_v it_o grow_v very_o thick_a but_o i_o order_v it_o to_o be_v feed_v be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o grassplot_n on_o purpose_n to_o see_v if_o the_o root_n lay_v firm_a and_o though_o it_o have_v be_v mere_a sand_n cast_v out_o of_o the_o cellar_n but_o a_o year_n before_o the_o seed_n take_v such_o root_n and_o hold_v the_o earth_n so_o fast_o and_o fasten_v itself_o so_o well_o in_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o hold_v and_o feed_v like_o old_a english_a ground_n i_o mention_v this_o to_o confute_v the_o objection_n that_o lie_v against_o those_o part_n as_o if_o that_o first_o english_a
and_o treacherous_o execute_v by_o they_o though_o perhaps_o not_o sacrifice_v and_o none_o have_v escape_v if_o their_o ambush_n have_v succeed_v powhatan_n invite_v one_o captain_n ratcliff_n and_o thirty_o other_o to_o trade_n for_o corn_n and_o have_v bring_v they_o within_o his_o ambush_n murder_v they_o all_o virginia_n after_o its_o discovery_n cost_v no_o small_a pain_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o englishman_n life_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o a_o patent_n be_v grant_v to_o several_a person_n as_o a_o corporation_n and_o call_v the_o company_n of_o adventurer_n of_o virginia_n but_o upon_o several_a misdemeanour_n and_o miscarriage_n in_o 1623._o the_o patent_n be_v make_v null_a since_o which_o it_o have_v be_v free_a for_o all_o his_o majesty_n subject_n to_o trade_n into_o these_o part_n this_o country_n be_v blessed_v with_o a_o sweet_a and_o wholesome_a air_n temperature_n temperature_n and_o the_o climate_n so_o agreeable_a to_o the_o english_a since_o the_o clear_n it_o from_o wood_n that_o few_o die_v of_o the_o countrey-disease_n call_v season_v it_o be_v every_o where_o interlace_v with_o delectable_a hill_n and_o rich_a valley_n fertility_n it_o be_v fertility_n and_o of_o a_o soil_n so_o fertile_a that_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n common_o yield_v 200_o bushel_n of_o corn_n and_o produce_v ready_o the_o grain_n fruit_n plant_n seed_n and_o root_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o england_n beside_o those_o that_o be_v natural_a to_o this_o country_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o america_n here_o be_v excellent_a fruit_n in_o great_a abundance_n fruit_n its_o fruit_n which_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o those_o of_o italy_n or_o spain_n as_o apricock_n peach_n melon_n apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n grape_n fig_n quince_n marrocks_n punchamin_n chestnut_n walnut_n olive_n strawberry_n raspberry_n gooseberry_n and_o mulberry_n in_o great_a abundance_n of_o their_o apple_n they_o make_v 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buffeloes_n elk_n who_o flesh_n be_v as_o good_a as_o beef_n rosconne_n vtchunquois_n deer_n hare_n bever_n otter_n fox_n martin_n polecat_n wesel_n musk-rat_n fly_v squirrel_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o tame_a cattle_n cow_n sheep_n goat_n hog_n and_o horse_n in_o great_a plenty_n there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o excellent_a fish_n as_o well_o in_o the_o sea_n fish_n their_o fish_n and_o bay_n of_o chesopeack_n as_o in_o the_o river_n viz._n cod_n thornback_n sturgeon_n crampuss_n porpoise_n drum_n catfish_n base_n sheeps-head_n which_o make_v broth_n like_o that_o of_o mutton_n coney-fish_n rock-fish_n crayfish_n white_a salmon_n sol_n plaice_n mullet_n makarel_n trout_n perch_n conger-eel_n herring_n oyster_n shrimp_v cockle_n muscle_n etc._n etc._n the_o commodity_n commodity_n commodity_n which_o the_o country_n do_v or_o may_v produce_v be_v hemp_n flax_n hops_n rape-seed_n aniseed_n woad_n mad_a pot-ash_n honey_n wax_n silk_n if_o they_o will_v make_v it_o since_o 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from_o which_o there_o may_v be_v appeal_n to_o the_o quarter-court_n hold_v at_o james-town_n the_o virginian_n be_v not_o