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better_a the_o fruit_n will_v also_o yield_v a_o more_o vinous_a liquor_n §_o 6._o if_o your_o ground_n lie_v in_o a_o cold_a moist_a vale_n the_o soon_o may_v you_o raise_v a_o natural_a fence_n about_o it_o to_o defend_v your_o tree_n from_o cold_a wind_n and_o stiff_a gust_n which_o diverse_o annoy_v your_o tree_n and_o fruit_n and_o i_o once_o know_v a_o person_n that_o have_v a_o cold_a moist_a flat_a springey_a plot_n of_o ground_n who_o cause_v double_a ditch_n to_o be_v make_v therein_o at_o ten_o yard_n distance_n each_o from_o other_o and_o about_o a_o ell_n high_a upon_o these_o ditch_n he_o plant_v appletree_n each_o ten_o yard_n distant_a from_o another_o which_o tree_n do_v grow_v prosper_v and_o bear_v exceed_v well_o §_o 7._o but_o if_o you_o have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v what_o land_n you_o will_v for_o plant_v of_o fruit-tree_n observe_v the_o direction_n give_v in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o this_o chap._n and_o choose_v a_o warm_a light_a rye-land_n or_o either_o a_o black_a or_o brown_a mould_n if_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o sand_n so_o much_o the_o better_a but_o the_o heavy_a cold_a and_o moist_a wheatland_n be_v not_o so_o good_a §_o 8._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o light_a and_o rich_a of_o it_o self_n or_o so_o make_v by_o improvement_n several_a sort_n of_o appletree_n especial_o the_o pippin_n will_v be_v so_o apt_a to_o canker_n that_o they_o will_v scarce_o ever_o be_v large_a tree_n therefore_o a_o firm_a and_o strong_a land_n be_v best_o for_o winter_n or_o long_a last_a fruit_n but_o for_o summer-fruit_n land_n can_v be_v too_o light_a the_o more_o it_o incline_v to_o redness_n the_o better_a ground_n how_o to_o qualify_v the_o ground_n §_o 9_o if_o
have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o november_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n cut_v off_o like_a unto_o a_o hind_n or_o goat_n foot_n on_o the_o under-side_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n till_o march_v to_o be_v plant_v be_v then_o take_v forth_o again_o it_o have_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v put_v out_o many_o fibrous_a root_n at_o the_o end_n of_o those_o big_a root_n cut_v off_o which_o have_v they_o do_v in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o next_o summer_n this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a preparation_n against_o spring_n and_o it_o be_v always_o see_v that_o tree_n set_v in_o february_n or_o march_v make_v general_o a_o much_o less_o growth_n the_o next_o year_n than_o those_o that_o be_v set_v before_o winter_n if_o a_o dry_a summer_n happen_v to_o succeed_v it_o often_o kill_v some_o of_o the_o late-set_a tree_n and_o put_v such_o a_o sap_n to_o other_o that_o they_o recover_v not_o of_o many_o year_n in_o sharp_a frost_n or_o in_o snow_n though_o you_o can_v dig_v it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o remove_v tree_n §_o 2._o if_o your_o tree_n for_o standard_n at_o set_v be_v not_o very_o weak_a body_v removal_n how_o to_o prune_n and_o order_n tree_n at_o removal_n prune_n they_o up_o leave_v three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o principal_a branch_n on_o the_o top_n that_o grow_v outward_a which_o shall_v be_v lop_v off_o almost_o a_o year_n growth_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weak_a lest_o the_o wind_n shall_v injure_v they_o by_o toss_v they_o you_o may_v top_v they_o low_o do_v it_o at_o a_o bud_n or_o small_a twigg_n and_o in_o big_a tree_n cut_v the_o top_n almost_o all_o off_o and_o whensoever_o you_o transplant_v young_a tree_n cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o big_a root_n on_o the_o under-side_n like_v unto_o a_o hind_n foot_n and_o they_o will_v put_v forth_o new_a root_n the_o better_a remove_v bigness_n of_o tree_n to_o be_v remove_v §_o 3._o at_o three_o year_n end_n after_o graft_v in_o the_o nursery_n tree_n may_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o orchard_n especial_o if_o you_o plough_v or_o which_o be_v safe_o dig_v the_o orchard-land_n and_o set_v bean_n or_o other_o kitchin-garden_n stuff_n in_o it_o for_o some_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n that_o you_o graze_v than_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a their_o head_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n before_o you_o set_v they_o there_o and_o you_o must_v fence_v they_o one_o of_o the_o way_n mention_v hereafter_o tree_n how_o to_o remove_v a_o large_a tree_n §_o 4._o it_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o remove_v tree_n very_o young_a as_o at_o three_o year_n growth_n if_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o danger_n which_o in_o orchard_n or_o field_n where_o cattle_n have_v liberty_n to_o feed_v they_o can_v well_o be_v with_o ordinary_a fence_v unless_o they_o be_v of_o five_o or_o six_o year_n growth_n after_o graft_v he_o that_o have_v a_o nursery_n of_o his_o own_o and_o remove_v they_o into_o place_n so_o near_o that_o he_o can_v well_o do_v it_o let_v he_o the_o very_a same_o or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o they_o be_v take_v up_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o and_o not_o cut_v off_o too_o much_o of_o the_o root_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o top_n and_o he_o may_v do_v well_o to_o plant_v strong_a and_o well_o grow_v tree_n especial_o in_o his_o field_n and_o out-ground_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o fence_v will_v be_v much_o ease_v and_o be_v careful_o set_v they_o may_v prosper_v as_o well_o or_o better_a than_o small_a one_o especial_o in_o uncultivated_a or_o stiff_a land_n by_o nature_n where_o young_a tree_n can_v so_o well_o put_v forth_o root_n and_o the_o follow_a way_n be_v better_a to_o have_v old_a tree_n grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o than_o be_v common_o practise_v viz._n if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v any_o tree_n betwixt_o ten_o and_o thirty_o year_n old_a that_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o remove_v you_o must_v about_o november_n the_o year_n before_o you_o transplant_v they_o dig_v a_o trench_n as_o narrow_a as_o you_o please_v but_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o meet_v with_o most_o of_o the_o spread_a root_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n round_o about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o you_o will_v cut_v the_o root_n off_o at_o when_o you_o remove_v it_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o body_n may_v do_v well_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o large_a tree_n but_o if_o you_o have_v not_o far_o to_o carry_v they_o longer_z as_o you_o make_v the_o trench_n cut_v the_o root_n you_o meet_v with_o clear_a off_o and_o smooth_a without_o split_v they_o or_o bruise_v the_o bark_n fill_v up_o the_o trench_n again_o and_o by_o october_n next_o after_o when_o you_o take_v up_o the_o tree_n to_o set_v it_o elsewhere_o you_o will_v find_v those_o great_a root_n will_v have_v put_v forth_o many_o fibrous_a root_n and_o make_v preparation_n for_o more_o with_o fresh_a and_o tender_a root_n upon_o removal_n will_v enable_v the_o tree_n to_o draw_v more_o nourishment_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v and_o consequent_o to_o prosper_v better_o in_o its_o new_a mansion_n §_o 5._o many_o of_o those_o tree_n remove_v very_o timely_a as_o in_o the_o end_n of_o september_n or_o in_o october_n may_v shrink_v and_o seem_v to_o wither_v much_o yet_o they_o will_v recover_v and_o come_v to_o their_o former_a plumpness_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o remove_v and_o set_v tree_n tree_n coast_v tree_n §_o 1._o in_o remove_v any_o big_a tree_n man_n general_o observe_v to_o coast_n they_o that_o be_v to_o place_v the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o southeast_n etc._n etc._n as_o grow_v former_o that_o way_n where_o it_o stand_v before_o to_o which_o end_n before_o you_o remove_v it_o you_o have_v best_o make_v some_o mark_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o way_n it_o stand_v this_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o straight_a tree_n but_o it_o be_v more_o material_a if_o your_o tree_n lean_a one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o to_o set_v the_o lean_a side_n towards_o the_o south-west_n from_o whence_o the_o strong_a wind_n blow_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o observation_n you_o need_v not_o mind_v it_o in_o small_a tree_n or_o such_o that_o have_v grow_v in_o close-nursery_n they_o not_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o considerable_a alteration_n from_o any_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o case_n a_o tree_n before_o removal_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o east_n or_o west_n sun_n more_o than_o of_o the_o south_n then_o plant_v that_o tree_n that_o before_o have_v that_o advantage_n on_o the_o like_a again_o in_o its_o new_a place_n which_o although_o it_o vary_v from_o the_o direction_n aforesaid_a yet_o not_o from_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o transplant_v how_o to_o take_v up_o tree_n to_o be_v transplant_v §_o 2._o be_v careful_a in_o take_v up_o the_o plant_n dig_v round_o about_o they_o and_o take_v off_o the_o mould_n from_o their_o root_n if_o it_o be_v a_o small_a plant_n it_o may_v be_v draw_v up_o easy_o the_o mould_n be_v take_v away_o if_o it_o be_v great_a and_o the_o root_n spread_v much_o than_o they_o may_v be_v cut_v about_o half_a a_o yard_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o the_o great_a it_o be_v the_o further_o off_o cut_v the_o root_n and_o so_o draw_v it_o up_o but_o keep_v the_o spade_n from_o come_v too_o near_o the_o tree_n by_o surround_v the_o tree_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n and_o endeavour_v to_o raise_v as_o much_o earth_n as_o you_o can_v with_o the_o tree_n but_o if_o it_o be_v to_o carry_v far_o shake_v it_o off_o then_o pick_v off_o all_o the_o leave_n if_o they_o be_v not_o fall_v off_o because_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n by_o their_o mean_n extract_v the_o sap_n out_o of_o the_o branch_n pear-tree_n have_v ordinary_o more_o brittle_a root_n than_o appletree_n and_o the_o root_n of_o appletree_n or_o stock_n raise_v of_o the_o kernel_n of_o good_a fruit_n be_v more_o brittle_v than_o those_o raise_v of_o crab_n or_o wilding_n kernel_n therefore_o take_v more_o care_n and_o pain_n in_o open_v ground_n deep_o and_o wide_o when_o you_o take_v up_o the_o more_o tender_a and_o brittle_a root_v plant_n and_o pull_v not_o over_o hard_o lest_o you_o leave_v most_o of_o the_o root_n behind_o set_v young_a tree_n best_a to_o set_v §_o 3._o young_a tree_n of_o three_o or_o four_o year_n old_a at_o most_o when_o remove_v do_v not_o only_o grow_v sure_a but_o make_v a_o large_a growth_n at_o first_o plant_v than_o great_a and_o elder_a tree_n can_v do_v and_o be_v therefore_o best_o to_o transplant_v §_o 4._o if_o your_o tree_n have_v lie_v
of_o propagate_a and_o order_v vine_n 139_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o fig_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n 148_o chap._n xv._o of_o walnut_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n 149_o chap._n xvi_o of_o chestnut_n 152_o chap._n xvii_o of_o filbeard_n 154_o chap._n xviii_o of_o quince_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n 155_o chap._n xix_o of_o mulberry_n 157_o chap._n xx._n of_o medlar_n and_o service-tree_n 159_o chap._n xxi_o of_o goosberry_n currant_n raspherry_n and_o barberry_n 161_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o peach_n and_o nectarin_n 165_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o apricock_n and_o strawberry_n 168_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o plum_n 170_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o cherry_n 173_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o pear_n and_o their_o kind_n 175_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o apple_n and_o their_o kind_n 180_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o annoyance_n to_o fruit-tree_n 195_o chap._n xxix_o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o the_o best_a way_n of_o make_v cider_n 204_o chap._n xxx_o brief_a monthly_a memorial_n for_o the_o planter_n 244_o the_o complete_a planter_n and_o cyderist_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o seminary_n and_o nursery_n seminary_n of_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o seminary_n §_o 1._o against_o the_o beginning_n of_o october_n careful_o prepare_v ground_n by_o digging_z level_v and_o cleanse_v it_o from_o grass_n stones_n weed_n and_o root_n make_v the_o mould_n very_o fine_a choose_v not_o a_o wet_a or_o very_o stiff_a clay_n land_n nor_o over-rich_a with_o dung_n but_o such_o as_o be_v itself_o good_a you_o may_v make_v better_a only_o with_o a_o little_a mixture_n of_o very_a rot_a dung_n let_v it_o be_v fence_v from_o the_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v so_o that_o it_o be_v free_a from_o shade_n and_o dropping_n of_o tree_n stock_n how_o to_o set_v stone_n for_o stock_n §_o 2._o when_o you_o set_v stone_n which_o if_o they_o be_v stone_n of_o fruit_n soon_o ripe_a you_o must_v keep_v in_o sand_n till_o october_n do_v it_o by_o a_o line_n prick_v hole_n about_o six_o inch_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o then_o put_v in_o the_o stone_n about_o two_o inch_n deep_a with_o the_o sharp_a end_n uppermost_o when_o one_o row_n be_v finish_v remove_v your_o line_n a_o foot_n far_o and_o set_v another_o row_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o let_v your_o three_o row_n be_v about_o a_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o second_o that_o you_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o go_v between_o every_o two_o row_v to_o weed_n etc._n etc._n and_o set_v your_o plum-stone_n and_o cherry-stone_n each_o apart_o by_o themselves_o and_o so_o proceed_v to_o set_v as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n possible_o some_o of_o these_o stone_n may_v not_o come_v up_o till_o the_o second_o spring_n after_o set_v and_o may_v not_o frustrate_v your_o desire_n if_o you_o then_o expect_v they_o some_o keep_v their_o stone_n in_o sand_n or_o earth_n in_o tub_n well_o cover_v for_o fear_n of_o mouse_n place_v in_o a_o dry_a cellar_n in_o a_o house_n and_o then_o in_o february_n they_o sow_v they_o have_v prepare_v their_o ground_n in_o trench_n as_o pease_n be_v sow_o the_o stone_n of_o apricock_n and_o peach_n be_v apt_a to_o spring_v too_o forward_o if_o set_v too_o soon_o and_o be_v nip_v by_o frost_n in_o like_a manner_n you_o may_v set_v stone_n of_o sloe_n haw_n etc._n etc._n etc._n how_o to_o set_v nut_n etc._n etc._n §_o 3._o after_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o be_v to_o set_v all_o kind_n of_o nut_n acorn_n ash-key_n or_o the_o seed_n or_o kernel_n of_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o shrub_n or_o tree_n but_o because_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o your_o young_a wallnut-tree_n and_o chestnut-tree_n shall_v grow_v long_o in_o your_o seedplot_n than_o stone-fruit_n before_o they_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v to_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o spend_v their_o life_n in_o you_o must_v set_v they_o at_o much_o far_a distance_n that_o they_o may_v have_v more_o room_n to_o grow_v big_a without_o hurt_v one_o another_o seed_n how_o to_o sow_v seed_n §_o 4._o to_o raise_v stock_n from_o seed_n or_o kernel_n of_o apple_n pear_n or_o crab_n each_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v by_o themselves_o you_o must_v go_v thus_o to_o work_v when_o either_o you_o or_o any_o neighbour_n have_v make_v cider_n verjuice_n or_o perry_n take_v the_o must_v murc_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o the_o pouz_n which_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o fruit_n after_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o the_o same_o day_n or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o before_o it_o heat_n and_o with_o a_o riddle_n sift_v out_o the_o seed_n on_o a_o clean_a floor_n or_o cloth_n and_o these_o you_o must_v sow_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v convenient_o upon_o bed_n of_o very_a fine_a earth_n very_o thick_a for_o some_o be_v bruise_v in_o the_o grind_n or_o pound_v the_o fruit_n and_o other_o not_o be_v ripe_a may_v never_o come_v up_o then_o sift_v mould_n upon_o they_o about_o two_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n this_o way_n be_v much_o better_a than_o to_o sow_v the_o seed_n with_o the_o must_v murc_n or_o pouz_n together_o as_o some_o do_v because_o the_o must_v will_v heat_v they_o and_o many_o of_o the_o seed_n will_v putrify_v and_o other_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o root_v or_o shoot_v up_o because_o they_o be_v so_o imprison_v in_o that_o dry_a and_o tough_a stuff_n cling_v about_o they_o the_o bed_n of_o earth_n you_o sow_v they_o on_o may_v be_v make_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o breadth_n with_o a_o good_a distance_n between_o the_o bed_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o come_v to_o weed_n they_o and_o draw_v they_o up_o as_o you_o have_v occasion_n prejudice_n how_o to_o secure_v they_o from_o prejudice_n §_o 5._o to_o keep_v fowl_n or_o bird_n from_o scrape_v they_o up_o lay_v some_o white_a thorn_n on_o the_o bed_n till_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o settle_v some_o cover_v the_o bed_n with_o fern_n or_o straw_n to_o keep_v they_o warm_v in_o the_o winter_n which_o may_v not_o do_v amiss_o but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v take_v off_o at_o the_o spring_n approach_n if_o mole_n or_o mouse_n get_v in_o which_o you_o may_v easy_o discover_v because_o the_o mouse_n leave_v shell_n of_o the_o seed_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bed_n they_o must_v be_v destroy_v for_o mouse_n lay_v poison_n or_o oatmeal_n mix_v with_o glass_n pound_v small_a and_o butter_n and_o cast_v bit_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o bed_n or_o set_v trap_n for_o mole_n or_o mouse_n better_o know_v than_o describe_v the_o next_o spring_n you_o will_v see_v these_o stone_n and_o seed_n come_v up_o plentiful_o first_o the_o leave_n almost_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o kernel_n split_v in_o two_o and_o from_o betwixt_o they_o will_v the_o stem_n put_v forth_o keep_v they_o clean_o from_o the_o weed_n all_o the_o year_n which_o must_v be_v pluck_v up_o while_o they_o be_v young_a lest_o if_o they_o get_v root_n in_o draw_v they_o up_o you_o root_v up_o the_o seedling_n with_o they_o but_o if_o in_o the_o 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white_a or_o of_o the_o white_a pear-plum_n or_o of_o some_o other_o good_a white_a plum_n in_o defect_n of_o they_o who_o tree_n put_v forth_o large_a shoot_v branch_n on_o stone_n of_o the_o white_a pear-plum_n or_o wheat-plum_n make_v the_o best_a stock_n for_o peach_n nectarine_n and_o apricock_n to_o be_v inoculate_v on_o and_o leave_n or_o for_o want_n of_o they_o stones_z of_o the_o mustle-plum_n black_a pear-plum_n primordian_a or_o any_o other_o black_a or_o red_a plum_n who_o tree_n be_v of_o free_a growth_n and_o large_o leave_v will_v yield_v you_o excellent_a stock_n for_o peach_n nectarine_n apricock_n and_o plum_n but_o stock_n raise_v from_o the_o stone_n of_o damson_n be_v
no_o because_o for_o a_o little_a money_n they_o can_v have_v plant_n from_o other_o ready_o bring_v up_o to_o their_o hand_n yet_o it_o be_v far_o better_a to_o have_v they_o of_o their_o own_o bring_v up_o and_o propagation_n and_o to_o have_v seminary_n and_o nursery_n of_o their_o own_o for_o this_o purpose_n for_o these_o reason_n i._o because_o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o failure_n either_o in_o the_o kind_n great_a bearing_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n in_o all_o which_o he_o shall_v frequent_o be_v disappoint_v and_o lose_v much_o time_n and_o expense_n if_o he_o have_v his_o tree_n upon_o the_o reputation_n and_o trust_n of_o other_o who_o make_v a_o trade_n of_o sell_v they_o and_o be_v therefore_o many_o time_n incurious_a careless_a and_o perhaps_o knavish_a in_o raise_v they_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o right_a kind_n if_o they_o can_v get_v either_o ease_n or_o any_o thing_n by_o it_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o put_v he_o off_o with_o another_o ii_o this_o trouble_n and_o expense_n of_o buy_v young_a plant_n and_o get_v they_o home_o many_o time_n from_o place_n very_o remote_a and_o the_o prejudice_n they_o often_o receive_v in_o the_o carriage_n will_v be_v whole_o prevent_v iii_o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v with_o almost_o the_o same_o labour_n and_o charge_n both_o furnish_v himself_o sufficient_o and_o have_v so_o many_o more_o as_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n he_o may_v be_v at_o about_o it_o if_o he_o will_v sell_v they_o or_o to_o gratify_v his_o friend_n if_o he_o have_v rather_o bestow_v they_o iv_o he_o will_v this_o way_n be_v provide_v with_o stock_n for_o apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n and_o all_o choice_a wall-fruit_n raise_v from_o kernel_n and_o stone_n of_o fruit_n which_o be_v incomparable_o better_o than_o stock_n procure_v any_o other_o way_n and_o last_o those_o that_o propagate_v tree_n for_o sale_n have_v their_o nursery_n exceed_v fat_a rich_a and_o fertile_a whereby_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o they_o into_o the_o orchard_n etc._n etc._n of_o other_o which_o be_v always_o almost_o of_o a_o far_a courser_n and_o worse_a soil_n frequent_o prin_fw-mi pine_v away_o and_o very_o often_o die_v and_o if_o they_o live_v they_o seldom_o prove_v fair_a large_a or_o well_o bear_v tree_n and_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n into_o which_o they_o be_v remove_v be_v heterogeneous_a and_o unsuitable_a for_o tree_n come_v out_o of_o the_o air_n and_o nursery_n you_o have_v they_o for_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a rule_n always_o to_o transplant_v or_o remove_v tree_n or_o stock_n from_o a_o worse_o to_o a_o better_a soil_n upon_o every_o removal_n and_o then_o they_o will_v prosper_v well_o so_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o south_n into_o the_o north_n seldom_o prosper_v whereas_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o north_n into_o the_o rich_a southern_a soil_n like_v well_o so_o tree_n bring_v up_o in_o nursery_n in_o lancashire_n and_o transplant_v into_o ireland_n thrive_v and_o bear_v exceed_v well_o ground_n about_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n on_o barren_a ground_n §_o 15._o stock_n or_o tree_n that_o grow_v on_o barren_a ground_n have_v common_o their_o bark_n very_o white_a and_o hard_a whereas_o those_o on_o good_a land_n have_v their_o bark_n very_o smooth_a green_a and_o plump_a and_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v large_a and_o full_a but_o the_o other_o shoot_n be_v short_a small_a and_o meagar_n crabtree_n how_o to_o raise_v a_o fence_n of_o crabtree_n §_o 16._o if_o one_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o raise_v a_o good_a new_a fence_n about_o a_o field_n he_o design_n to_o enclose_v which_o he_o can_v keep_v for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n together_o to_o bear_v corn_n or_o clover-grass_n to_o mow_v that_o cattle_n may_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v out_o of_o it_o he_o may_v do_v it_o rare_o well_o by_o sow_v apple-kernel_n of_o as_o many_o sort_n as_o he_o will_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o new-made_a ditch-bank_n make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n that_o be_v usual_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o utside_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o defend_v they_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o may_v plaish_fw-mi this_o hedge_n leave_v at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o yard_n distance_n one_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n to_o grow_v up_o which_o of_o themselves_o will_v bear_v good_a cyder-fruit_n which_o he_o may_v guess_v at_o by_o the_o broadness_n and_o largeness_n of_o the_o leave_v they_o bring_v forth_o or_o may_v be_v graft_v to_o bear_v what_o please_v the_o owner_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o with_o small_a charge_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o fruitbearing_a and_o impregnable_a hedge_n stone_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o seminary_n all_o stock_n whether_o raise_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n §_o 17._o let_v all_o stock_n whatever_o that_o be_v remove_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o before_o you_o graft_v they_o and_o notwithstanding_o some_o opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a no_o sort_n 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wether_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n and_o grow_v warm_a the_o wind_n not_o be_v north_n or_o north-east_n you_o may_v graft_v plum_n cherry_n and_o pear_n but_o not_o apple_n till_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n will_v a_o little_a rise_n or_o peel_n from_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v seldom_o before_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n and_o often_o not_o till_o april_n because_o this_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_v they_o but_o if_o you_o will_v graft_v any_o apple_n in_o the_o cleft_n you_o may_v do_v it_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n until_o the_o ten_o of_o april_n and_o that_o with_o success_n but_o graft_v in_o the_o cleave_v early_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n be_v best_a especial_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v mild_a and_o open_a and_o graft_v not_o within_o sixteen_o hour_n before_o or_o after_o the_o change_n or_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n instrument_n the_o graft_v instrument_n §_o 2._o your_o instrument_n to_o graft_v with_o be_v to_o be_v a_o fine_a neat_a sharp_a small_a well-set_a saw_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o some_o stock_n which_o be_v grow_v too_o big_a for_o the_o knife_n a_o good_a strong_a pruning-knife_n make_v a_o very_a little_a come_n which_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o your_o small_a stock_n you_o intend_v to_o graft_v also_o a_o good_a middling_a knife_n to_o cleave_v some_o of_o the_o small_a sort_n of_o stock_n with_o also_o a_o instrument_n like_o a_o broad_a chisel_n the_o handle_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o edge_n alike_o on_o both_o side_n not_o slope_v on_o one_o side_n like_o that_o of_o joiner_n but_o plain_a as_o a_o knife_n and_o very_o thin_a about_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n in_o breadth_n with_o which_o you_o may_v either_o cleave_v your_o large_a stock_n or_o prune_v your_o tree_n also_o a_o little_a mallet_n or_o else_o a_o stick_n about_o a_o foot_n long_o make_v of_o a_o old_a spade_n or_o shovel_n handle_v or_o some_o other_o hard_a wood_n to_o use_v 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the_o land_n you_o intend_v for_o it_o be_v a_o turf_n or_o green-sward_a you_o ought_v to_o plough_v it_o two_o year_n before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n in_o it_o to_o make_v it_o mellow_a and_o loose_a that_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v better_o take_v root_n and_o you_o may_v then_o lay_v on_o manure_n which_o by_o plough_v will_v be_v well_o mix_v with_o the_o natural_a soil_n and_o use_v such_o manure_n as_o will_v best_o suit_v to_o amend_v it_o and_o if_o you_o sow_v the_o ground_n about_o ten_o day_n after_o the_o midsummur_n before_o you_o plant_v with_o turnip_n and_o when_o they_o be_v get_v off_o which_o will_v be_v about_o november_n if_o you_o please_v then_o set_v your_o tree_n they_o will_v like_v well_o §_o 10._o where_o the_o natural_a soil_n be_v not_o good_a of_o itself_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o garden_n orchard_n or_o field_n there_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o skill_n assist_v and_o better_v at_o least_o wise_a for_o such_o a_o compass_n as_o the_o root_n of_o every_o tree_n take_v up_o for_o some_o time_n if_o not_o so_o far_o round_o as_o they_o be_v ever_o like_a to_o extend_v themselves_o and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v by_o mix_v such_o manure_n with_o the_o soil_n as_o suit_n best_o with_o its_o temper_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v clay_n or_o clay_n mix_v with_o gravel_n or_o wet_a heavy_a land_n hot_a dung_n as_o that_o of_o horse_n or_o poultry_n or_o for_o want_n of_o that_o of_o ox_n or_o cow_n be_v best_a to_o mix_v with_o it_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o due_a temperament_n and_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v light_n hollow_a esky_a or_o sandy_a land_n marle_n mud_n out_o of_o a_o pond_n ditch_n or_o river_n or_o shoveling_n of_o dirty_a yard_n or_o highway_n if_o they_o be_v not_o sandy_a and_o be_v well_o mellow_v by_o lie_v on_o heap_n and_o especial_o if_o those_o heap_n be_v mix_v with_o lime_n be_v proper_a to_o mend_v it_o if_o this_o last_o soil_n be_v barren_a likewise_o you_o may_v proper_o add_v a_o mixture_n of_o neat_n dung._n it_o have_v be_v see_v that_o a_o appletree_n on_o a_o hemp-but_a which_o be_v constant_o plough_v and_o manure_v to_o a_o great_a richness_n bear_v more_o apple_n than_o four_o such_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n will_v do_v and_o it_o be_v constant_o see_v in_o barren_a hungry_a land_n tree_n thrive_v poor_o grow_v mossey_n or_o bark-bound_a bear_v seldom_o and_o that_o a_o poor_a fruit_n only_a walnut-tree_n and_o pear-tree_n do_v not_o necessary_o require_v a_o very_a rich_a ground_n and_o will_v prosper_v best_a on_o stony_n and_o light_a land_n if_o your_o land_n be_v too_o rich_a which_o be_v seldom_o see_v you_o may_v mix_v coal-ash_n with_o it_o order_n moist_a land_n to_o order_n §_o 11._o if_o your_o land_n be_v very_o flat_a that_o wet_a be_v apt_a to_o stand_v upon_o it_o or_o be_v a_o shallow_a soil_n you_o may_v something_o help_v it_o in_o plough_v also_o by_o gather_v the_o land_n always_o up_o in_o and_o near_o the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v the_o row_v of_o tree_n shall_v afterward_o stand_v which_o in_o two_o year_n time_n will_v something_o raise_v it_o and_o thicken_v the_o soil_n and_o the_o furrow_n so_o make_v will_v help_v to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n or_o which_o be_v better_o raise_v the_o land_n on_o broad_a ridge_n that_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o may_v be_v about_o 24_o or_o 30_o foot_n distance_n according_a as_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v your_o tree_n let_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o ridge_n be_v about_o eight_o foot_n broad_a and_o the_o earth_n take_v up_o between_o about_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o cast_v on_o the_o ridge_n which_o will_v make_v the_o ground_n thick_a of_o the_o best_a soil_n than_o before_o it_o be_v that_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n you_o plant_v on_o the_o ridge_n can_v run_v down_o nor_o spread_v into_o the_o bad_a soil_n which_o otherwise_o it_o will_v do_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o tree_n will_v thrive_v and_o prosper_v well_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o some_o land_n and_o the_o hedge_n that_o appletree_n will_v thrive_v better_o there_o than_o on_o the_o level-land_n order_n moist_a land_n to_o order_n §_o 12._o if_o it_o be_v a_o springey_n moist_a or_o spewy_a land_n you_o must_v trench_v it_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o that_o deep_a than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o spring_n run_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o you_o may_v leave_v open_a and_o yearly_o cleanse_v or_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o alder_n or_o oler-bough_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o the_o turf_n and_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o much_o high_a than_o the_o other_o land_n for_o the_o wood_n and_o loose_a earth_n will_v sink_v very_o much_o by_o degree_n or_o you_o may_v dig_v several_a narrow_a trench_n one_o between_o each_o row_n of_o tree_n descend_v to_o some_o ditch_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o alder-frith_n or_o faggot_n of_o beech_n and_o fill_v the_o trench_n again_o on_o the_o say_v frith_n or_o faggot_n with_o earth_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o water_n will_v insinuate_o pass_v through_o the_o say_a wood_n to_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o ground_n leave_v the_o rest_n dryer_n but_o if_o you_o can_v easy_o do_v this_o order_z it_o as_o at_o the_o forego_n section_n §_o 13._o if_o it_o be_v springey_n but_o only_o lie_v so_o low_a and_o flat_a that_o in_o the_o winter_n rain_n or_o land-flood_n will_v lie_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v late_o plough_v or_o that_o you_o will_v not_o lose_v two_o year_n time_n by_o plough_v it_o before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n or_o if_o it_o be_v shallow_a or_o ebb_a soil_n you_o may_v set_v your_o tree_n by_o tump_v order_n hot_a dry_a land_n to_o order_n §_o 14._o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o hot_a dry_a sandy_a shallow_a land_n marle_n lay_v on_o the_o surface_n and_o there_o spread_v will_v cool_v sadden_fw-mi and_o make_v it_o rich_a or_o if_o you_o can_v cause_v the_o current_n of_o some_o rill_n of_o water_n or_o rather_o water_n that_o run_v from_o pool_n pond_n or_o dunghill_n to_o over_o flow_v it_o sometime_o which_o will_v not_o only_o moisten_v but_o make_v the_o ground_n fertile_a also_o and_o the_o tree_n prosper_v well_o fern_n or_o any_o other_o vegetable_n nay_o stone_n cover_v such_o land_n will_v preserve_v it_o cool_a and_o moist_a order_n gravelly-ground_n to_o order_n §_o 15._o gravel-ground_n be_v as_o bad_a as_o any_o because_o a_o tree_n in_o they_o can_v root_n to_o any_o great_a bigness_n and_o if_o muck_n or_o other_o soil_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o such_o land_n the_o gravel_n will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n eat_v it_o up_o and_o convert_v it_o unto_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o if_o a_o little_a stony_n a_o mixture_n of_o mould_n among_o the_o stone_n and_o at_o the_o dig_v to_o pick_v our_o the_o large_a stone_n than_o tree_n will_v root_n indifferent_a well_o in_o such_o ground_n land_n overflown_a land_n §_o 16._o if_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v overflow_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o river_n or_o other_o fall_v of_o water_n so_o as_o the_o water_n stand_v not_o too_o long_o upon_o it_o nor_o the_o land_n be_v of_o a_o stiff_a cold_a nature_n it_o be_v very_o good_a for_o fruit-tree_n ground_n of_o uneven_a ground_n §_o 17._o if_o there_o be_v any_o unevenness_n in_o the_o land_n some_o direct_a to_o level_v it_o by_o carry_v the_o bank_n into_o the_o low_a place_n but_o this_o will_v not_o only_o be_v very_o chargeable_a but_o hurtful_a by_o make_v the_o high_a place_n too_o barren_a and_o the_o low_a ground_n too_o rich_a but_o that_o your_o tree_n may_v grow_v somewhat_o level_a in_o their_o top_n and_o not_o one_o overshade_v another_o and_o also_o appear_v comely_a you_o may_v forecast_v to_o set_v such_o tree_n as_o grow_v pendent_a or_o be_v not_o apt_a to_o grow_v tall_a tree_n on_o the_o high_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o be_v aspire_v in_o the_o low_a place_n orchard_n the_o fence_n and_o order_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n §_o 18._o enclose_v your_o orchard_n with_o a_o good_a double_a ditch_n about_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o plant_v thereon_o two_o row_v of_o good_a hawthorn_n or_o whitethorn_n which_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a fence_n by_o the_o time_n that_o the_o fruit-tree_n bear_v to_o keep_v out_o cattle_n from_o crop_v the_o tender_a twig_n of_o the_o fruit-tree_n and_o rub_v against_o their_o stem_n and_o unruly_a people_n from_o destroy_v the_o fruit._n good_a white-thorn_n be_v the_o best_a quick-fence_n for_o your_o orchard_n when_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o may_v be_v plaish_v the_o better_a to_o prevent_v hog_n or_o sheep_n for_o creep_v into_o
some_o time_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n or_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o wind_n or_o frost_n that_o their_o root_n seem_v to_o be_v dry_a set_v they_o over_o night_n in_o water_n immerge_v only_o the_o root_n and_o it_o will_v very_o much_o revive_v they_o or_o when_o you_o plant_v they_o after_o you_o have_v add_v a_o indifferent_a quantity_n of_o earth_n cast_v in_o a_o pail_n or_o more_o of_o water_n as_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o foss_n or_o hole_n require_v which_o not_o only_o quicken_v the_o root_n but_o make_v the_o earth_n adhere_v thereunto_o which_o otherwise_o will_v lie_v light_a and_o hollow_a about_o they_o the_o air_n do_v much_o incommode_v the_o root_n of_o any_o plant_n whatever_o and_o so_o do_v frost_n §_o 5._o one_o may_v carry_v young_a tree_n many_o mile_n to_o be_v transplant_v carry_v how_o to_o order_v tree_n for_o carry_v be_v careful_o take_v up_o lay_v the_o root_n all_o one_o way_n the_o small_a and_o tender_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bundle_n and_o bound_v they_o close_o from_o the_o root_n to_o their_o top_n with_o a_o soft_a band_n and_o then_o stuff_v the_o root_n round_o about_o with_o straw_n hay_o moss_n and_o the_o like_a afterward_o bound_v the_o bundle_n all_o over_o from_o the_o root_n to_o the_o very_a top_n with_o hay_o or_o straw-band_n or_o something_o else_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o bruise_v and_o wrap_v something_o about_o the_o root_n a_o piece_n of_o a_o old_a ackcloth_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o will_v preserve_v the_o root_n from_o the_o wind_n sun_n and_o from_o bruise_v and_o in_o winter_n you_o may_v carry_v young_a tree_n thus_o many_o hundred_o mile_n §_o 6._o see_v chap._n 8._o sect_n 2._o soil_n set_a upon_o every_o removal_n in_o a_o better_a soil_n §_o 7._o it_o must_v always_o be_v observe_v that_o upon_o every_o removal_n of_o fruit-tree_n to_o plant_v or_o set_v they_o again_o into_o as_o good_a or_o better_a soil_n as_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v take_v but_o if_o that_o can_v be_v then_o plant_v and_o set_v they_o for_o so_o far_o as_o the_o root_n may_v extend_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n growth_n in_o as_o good_a or_o better_a mould_n than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v remove_v by_o lay_v good_a soil_n under_o upon_z and_o about_o the_o root_n at_o the_o set_n for_o after_o they_o have_v take_v root_n two_o or_o three_o year_n they_o will_v then_o grow_v in_o ordinary_a soil_n the_o great_a danger_n be_v at_o first_o plant_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n tree_n prosper_v abundant_o better_o take_v out_o of_o course_n and_o barren_a nursery_n than_o out_o of_o those_o who_o soil_n be_v very_o rich_a either_o by_o nature_n or_o improvement_n therefore_o be_v sure_a to_o lay_v as_o good_a or_o better_a soil_n upon_o under_z and_o about_o the_o root_n when_o they_o be_v set_v again_o if_o you_o expect_v your_o tree_n prosper_v shallow_a set_a not_o tree_n deep_a but_o shallow_a §_o 8._o take_v heed_n of_o set_v the_o root_n of_o your_o plant_n too_o deep_a below_o the_o good_a soil_n for_o if_o set_v shallow_a they_o prosper_v far_o better_o than_o such_o as_o be_v set_v deep_a because_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o best_a mould_n so_o make_v by_o the_o sun_n influence_n thereon_o and_o every_o shower_n of_o rain_n reach_v and_o refresh_v and_o feed_v the_o root_n for_o all_o may_v easy_o observe_v tree_n thrive_v best_a where_o the_o root_n run_v near_o the_o surface_n and_o not_o at_o all_o where_o plant_v deep_o because_o by_o deep_a plant_v they_o thrust_v down_o their_o root_n below_o the_o good_a soil_n into_o that_o which_o be_v barren_a and_o unfruitful_a which_o cause_v your_o tree_n to_o be_v injure_v by_o canker_n moss_n and_o to_o be_v bad_a bearer_n and_o ill_a thriver_n §_o 9_o cut_a away_o many_o of_o the_o branch_n of_o all_o large_a tree_n you_o set_v removal_n prune_n the_o branch_n and_o root_n at_o removal_n because_o every_o removal_n be_v a_o check_n to_o nature_n and_o their_o growth_n and_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v yield_v for_o some_o year_n but_o a_o faint_a nutriment_n scarce_o sufficient_a to_o preserve_v life_n much_o less_o to_o make_v a_o large_a growth_n but_o plant_n of_o a_o lesser_a size_n need_v not_o have_v their_o branch_n cut_v unless_o they_o cross_v one_o another_o grow_v too_o nigh_o together_o or_o run_v up_o too_o high_a without_o spread_v but_o cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o root_n because_o if_o cut_v many_o small_a fibra_n or_o string_n shoot_v out_o of_o the_o cut_a place_n which_o draw_v nourishment_n for_o the_o plant_n which_o without_o cut_v will_v not_o see_v before_o sect._n the_o second_o in_o chap._n 8._o §_o 10._o make_v a_o hole_n about_o one_o yard_n square_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o if_o your_o soil_n be_v wet_a or_o bind_v gravel_n or_o such_o like_a tree_n how_o to_o set_v tree_n very_o bad_a in_o the_o bottom_n go_v not_o so_o deep_a it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o set_v they_o shallow_a and_o raise_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o and_o if_o not_o manure_v land_n you_o set_v they_o in_o have_v in_o readiness_n some_o very_a fine_a rich_a mould_n or_o shoveling_n of_o a_o yard_n where_o cattle_n be_v frequent_o lodge_v or_o feed_v or_o well_o temper_a street-dirt_n or_o the_o mould_n of_o rot_a vegetable_n or_o the_o sediment_n of_o current_n that_o settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o pool_n or_o ditch_n that_o have_v lie_v long_o on_o heap_n till_o the_o same_o be_v become_v mellow_a and_o dry_a especial_o if_o some_o lime_n be_v at_o cast_v out_o mix_v therewith_o or_o rot_a neats-dung_n which_o you_o may_v mix_v with_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o of_o the_o hole_n and_o so_o order_v it_o that_o it_o may_v be_v as_o good_a or_o better_a than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o the_o tree_n come_v fill_v the_o hole_n full_a half_a way_n up_o with_o this_o and_o tread_v it_o down_o in_o such_o form_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o it_o that_o the_o root_n may_v rest_v close_o upon_o it_o then_o cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o root_n like_v unto_o a_o dere_v foot_n on_o the_o underside_n they_o will_v put_v forth_o new_a root_n the_o better_a if_o the_o tree_n have_v one_o long_o downright_a root_n call_v the_o tap_n or_o heart-root_n cut_v it_o almost_o half_o off_o than_o clay_n your_o tree_n in_o and_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n with_o the_o mould_n by_o cast_v in_o the_o small_a and_o best_a next_o to_o the_o root_n and_o be_v careful_a that_o all_o the_o small_a mould_n run_v between_o all_o the_o root_n to_o that_o end_n stir_v and_o shake_v the_o plant_n that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v any_o hollow_a place_n where_o the_o mould_n sall_n not_o and_o with_o your_o hand_n draw_v up_o the_o uppermost_a root_n and_o part_v they_o that_o they_o may_v spread_v in_o the_o mould_n every_o way_n fill_v up_o the_o hole_n with_o the_o mould_n and_o use_v all_o diligence_n to_o place_v the_o root_n of_o your_o tree_n in_o the_o same_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o before_o you_o remove_v it_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o the_o root_n slender_a this_o can_v be_v perform_v no_o way_n but_o by_o throw_v in_o a_o little_a soil_n at_o a_o time_n and_o then_o raise_v up_o with_o your_o hand_n such_o root_n as_o be_v press_v down_o by_o it_o below_o their_o proper_a situation_n spread_v they_o on_o the_o soil_n you_o have_v cast_v in_o and_o then_o throw_v in_o more_o and_o order_v the_o root_n as_o before_o so_o continue_v to_o do_v till_o you_o have_v fill_v up_o the_o hole_n old_a tree_n with_o sturdy_a root_n require_v not_o so_o much_o curiosity_n but_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o mould_n lie_v close_o under_o betwixt_o and_o among_o the_o root_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v light_n press_v it_o down_o gentle_o with_o your_o foot_n then_o cover_v they_o half_o a_o yard_n about_o with_o straw_n weed_n litter_n fern_n or_o the_o like_a which_o will_v keep_v the_o root_n warm_v all_o winter_n and_o moist_a and_o cool_a in_o the_o follow_a summer_n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o rich_a cover_v the_o top_n about_o the_o tree_n with_o dung_n note_v that_o dung_n be_v not_o good_a to_o lay_v next_o the_o root_n of_o your_o tree_n unless_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o mold_n by_o its_o long_a lie_v and_o rottenness_n but_o dung_n be_v better_a be_v mix_v with_o the_o earth_n lay_v next_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n than_o alone_o §_o 11._o forget_v not_o to_o water_v all_o tree_n you_o plant_v either_o very_a early_a or_o late_o tree_n to_o stake_n tree_n §_o 12._o standard-tree_n plant_v in_o a_o open_a place_n shall_v for_o a_o
will_v grow_v by_o cut_n as_o of_o the_o gennet-moil_n kentish-codling_n and_o other_o that_o these_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o dwarf-tree_n than_o crabstocks_n appear_v 1._o because_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v rather_o better_v and_o not_o taint_v with_o any_o asperity_n or_o roughness_n as_o possible_o it_o may_v be_v if_o crabstocks_n be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o one_o chief_a design_n in_o these_o tree_n be_v to_o have_v choice_n and_o delicious_a fruit_n for_o eat_v 2._o appletree_n that_o be_v raise_v on_o such_o stock_n will_v not_o grow_v so_o big_a as_o those_o on_o crabstock_n but_o be_v with_o ease_n and_o certainty_n keep_v dwarf_n mr._n rea_n judge_v the_o paradise-apple_n of_o somewhat_o slow_a growth_n in_o bring_v forward_o a_o cyen_n advise_v to_o graff_n a_o paradise_n on_o a_o crabstock_n and_o the_o fruit_n you_o will_v have_v on_o that_o paradise_n that_o the_o crab_n may_v yield_v plenty_n of_o juice_n or_o sap_n to_o the_o paradise_n and_o the_o paradise_n retard_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o apple_n plant_v on_o it_o so_o as_o to_o keep_v it_o a_o dwarf_n but_o beside_o loss_n of_o time_n the_o success_n of_o this_o be_v doubt_v because_o the_o crab_n will_v put_v forth_o strong_a root_n and_o yield_v plenty_n of_o nourishment_n for_o why_o appletree_n raise_v of_o cut_n grow_v not_o to_o be_v very_o large_a tree_n be_v their_o put_v forth_o such_o small_a root_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o tree_n have_v sap_n convey_v to_o it_o according_o 3._o by_o use_v these_o cut_n for_o stock_n you_o shall_v get_v at_o least_o four_o year_n time_n reckon_v from_o sow_v the_o crab-kernel_n and_o the_o set_v the_o stem_n or_o cutting_n be_v due_o consider_v as_o by_o set_v the_o stem_n in_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v the_o dwarf-tree_n shall_v grow_v and_o set_v it_o in_o good_a earth_n for_o then_o after_o one_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v graft_v it_o and_o you_o will_v easy_o discern_v the_o advantage_n in_o point_n of_o time_n if_o it_o be_v say_v 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a_o nursery_n it_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o orchard_n but_o there_o be_v other_o way_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o it_o other_o therefore_o dawb_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n over_o with_o tar_n which_o be_v use_v alone_o endanger_v the_o life_n of_o very_o young_a plant_n and_o extreme_o harden_v the_o bark_n and_o otherwise_o hurt_v they_o which_o evil_a be_v prevent_v by_o mix_v the_o tar_n with_o any_o kind_n of_o grease_n and_o boil_v they_o on_o a_o fire_n so_o as_o both_o may_v incorporate_v then_o with_o a_o brush_n or_o little_a broom_n dawb_v over_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o high_a as_o a_o hare_n or_o rabbit_n can_v reach_v and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v about_o the_o ten_o of_o november_n it_o will_v preserve_v the_o tree_n for_o that_o whole_a year_n with_o that_o once_o do_v it_o be_v the_o winter_n time_n only_o that_o they_o will_v feed_v upon_o the_o bark_n some_o use_n grease_n alone_o and_o then_o it_o will_v require_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o twice_o in_o 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you_o hear_v already_o that_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o young_a tree_n but_o if_o they_o pester_v you_o extreme_o and_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a you_o may_v bind_v a_o single_a list_n or_o shred_v of_o cloth_n about_o it_o and_o once_o a_o week_n when_o bud_n and_o blossom_n be_v put_v forth_o for_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a time_n they_o prejudice_v they_o dawb_v the_o cloth_n over_o with_o tar._n and_o where_o you_o find_v their_o breed_a place_n pour_v scald_a water_n thereon_o §_o 8._o mole_n be_v to_o be_v kill_v especial_o in_o seed_n plot_n and_o nursery_n rat_n mole_n and_o water_n rat_n spring-trap_n or_o box-trap_n be_v best_a to_o destroy_v they_o not_o easy_o describe_v but_o be_v now_o almost_o general_o know_v there_o be_v also_o some_o kind_n of_o cat_n that_o will_v not_o leave_v a_o mole_n either_o in_o your_o garden_n or_o orchard_n and_o some_o say_v that_o water_n rat_n will_v spoil_v a_o whole_a nursery_n get_v through_o mole_n hole_n and_o bark_v or_o eat_v the_o young_a root_n and_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v frequent_a where_o your_o nursery_n be_v near_o a_o fishpond_n sucker_n sucker_n §_o 9_o from_o the_o stock_n usual_o spring_v many_o sucker_n which_o extract_v the_o nourishment_n from_o the_o tree_n they_o must_v be_v take_v off_o dexterous_o from_o the_o root_n and_o may_v be_v prevent_v by_o graft_v on_o good_a stock_n raise_v from_o kernel_n for_o tree_n graft_v on_o or_o proceed_v from_o sucker_n be_v always_o subject_a to_o this_o disease_n which_o the_o canker_n usualy_fw-fr attend_v est_n est_n §_o 10._o est_n or_o or_o some_o call_v they_o asker_n be_v say_v to_o be_v pernicious_a to_o tree_n therefore_o as_o you_o find_v either_o mole_n water_n rat_n or_o they_o destroy_v they_o caterpilar_n blast_n frost_n and_o caterpilar_n §_o 11._o the_o great_a prejudice_n to_o fruit_n be_v by_o blast_n frost_n immediate_o succeed_a rain_n caterpillar_n or_o black_a fly_n that_o eat_v up_o bud_n leave_n and_o blossom_n therefore_o when_o in_o the_o spring_n you_o perceive_v these_o caterpillar_n or_o fly_n appear_v make_v fire_n of_o something_o that_o will_v smoke_v so_o near_o the_o orchard_n and_o in_o such_o place_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v carry_v the_o smoke_n as_o much_o through_o the_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v a_o thing_n frequent_o use_v be_v hemp_n sheaf_n as_o it_o be_v call_v be_v the_o stalk_v of_o the_o hemp_n when_o the_o tow_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o and_z '_o it_o be_v certain_o very_o good_a but_o bad_a chaff_n wet_a straw_n or_o mouldy_a hay_n or_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n may_v serve_v turn_n and_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v good_a for_o frost_n also_o but_o how_o i_o know_v not_o and_o you_o may_v also_o pluck_v off_o those_o leave_n which_o have_v the_o cobweb_n make_v upon_o they_o in_o which_o they_o breed_v and_o tread_v they_o under_o foot_n for_o one_o of_o they_o contain_v multitude_n §_o 12._o snail_n be_v pernicious_a to_o wall-fruit_n therefore_o destroy_v as_o many_o of_o 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broad_a but_o leave_v two_o foot_n interval_n then_o harrow_n or_o rake_v it_o well_o then_o spread_v rot_a dung_n thereon_o on_o the_o top_n whereof_o lie_v potato_n set_v than_o shovel_n up_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o interval_n and_o cover_v the_o set_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n thick_a most_o sort_n of_o salad_n pot_n and_o sweet_a herb_n may_v be_v sow_o from_o the_o first_o of_o march_n to_o the_o end_n of_o july_n and_o most_n sort_n of_o set_a herb_n may_v be_v remove_v slip_v and_o part_v the_o same_o time_n april_n plant_v artichock_n slip_v set_v great_a bean_n and_o sow_v carrot_n if_o the_o spring_n be_v not_o forward_o you_o may_v yet_o graft_v apple_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month._n gather_v worm_n snail_n after_o evening_n shower_n and_o after_o all_o the_o summer_n rains_n and_o destroy_v caterpillare_v web_n and_o smoke_n caterpillar_n and_o black_a fly_n from_o your_o tree_n mow_fw-mi carpet_n walk_v weed_n your_o currant_n goosberry_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o beginning_n to_o the_o middle_n set_v potato_n but_o not_o among_o fruit-tree_n you_o may_v yet_o slip_v lavender_n thyme_n rosemary_n etc._n etc._n towards_o the_o middle_n begin_v to_o plant_v forth_o your_o melon_n cucumber_n and_o so_o to_o the_o late_a end_n your_o ridge_n well_o prepare_v sow_n sweet_a majoran_n hyssop_n basil_n winter_n savory_n scurvygrass_n lettuce_n purslane_n coliflower_n radish_n thyme_n and_o all_o fine_a and_o tender_a seed_n clip_v shrub_n after_o shower_n may._n continued_a your_o weed_n before_o they_o run_v to_o seed_n and_o with_o sheers_n top_n your_o currant_n and_o goosberry_n sow_n sweet_a majoran_n basil_n thyme_n hot_a and_o aromatic_a herb_n and_o plant_n which_o be_v most_o tender_a sow_v purslane_n to_o have_v young_a lettuce_n large_o side_v cabbage_n paint_a bean_n look_v to_o your_o melon_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n forbear_v any_o long_a to_o cover_v they_o june_n sow_v lettuce_n chervil_n radish_n etc._n etc._n to_o have_v young_a and_o tender_a sallete_n spinage_n cleanse_v vine_n of_o exuberant_a branch_n crop_v not_o cut_v and_o shop_a the_o joint_n immediate_o before_o they_o blossom_n and_o some_o of_o the_o under_o branch_n that_o bear_v no_o fruit_n especial_o in_o young_a vineyard_n when_o they_o first_o begin_v to_o bear_v and_o thence_o forward_o gather_v herb_n in_o the_o full_a to_o keep_v dry_a they_o keep_v and_o retain_v their_o virtue_n and_o sweet_a smell_n better_o dry_v in_o the_o sun_n than_o shade_n whatever_o some_o pretend_v about_o a_o fortnight_n before_o and_o as_o much_o after_o midsummer_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o best_a time_n to_o inoculate_v peach_n apricock_n cherry_n plum_n pear_n nectarin_n and_o apple_n water_n late_o plant_v tree_n and_o put_v moist_a and_o half_a rot_a fearn_n weed_n and_o vegatable_n about_o the_o foot_n of_o their_o stem_n continue_v weed_n and_o gather_v snail_n after_o rain_n unbind_v those_o graft_n you_o bind_v about_o 14_o day_n before_o or_o after_o midsummer_n sow_v turnip_n upon_o ground_n prepare_v as_o for_o barley_n after_o midsummer_n make_v the_o better_a turnip_n three_o pint_n of_o seed_n will_v sow_v a_o acre_n account_v seven_o yard_n to_o the_o pole_n your_o seed_n be_v to_o be_v mix_v with_o dry_a sand_n thus_o three_o spoonful_n of_o seed_n with_o a_o peck_n of_o sand_n then_o sow_v if_o immediate_o after_o sow_v a_o shower_n of_o rain_n and_o hot_a sungleam_n happen_v it_o be_v spoil_v july_n sow_v lettuce_n radish_n spinage_n etc._n etc._n for_o late_a and_o tender_a salletting_n sow_v late_a pea_n to_o be_v ripe_a six_o week_n after_o michaelmas_n water_n young_a plant_v tree_n and_o layer_n prune_n now_o apricock_n and_o peach_n save_v as_o many_o of_o the_o young_a likely_o shoot_v as_o be_v well_o place_v for_o the_o now_o bearer_n common_o perish_v the_o new_a one_o succeed_v cut_v close_o and_o even_o let_v such_o potherb_n run_v to_o seed_n as_o you_o will_v save_v about_o the_o 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and_o shoot_v of_o this_o second_o spring_n but_o leave_v some_o leave_n to_o screen_n the_o fruit_n from_o the_o sun_n furnish_v and_o nail_v what_o you_o will_v spare_v to_o cover_v the_o defect_n of_o your_o wall_n pull_v up_o the_o sucker_n sow_v radish_n tender_a cabbage_n colleflower_v for_o winter_n plant_n corn-sallet_n marigold_n lettuce_n carrot_n parsnip_n turnip_n spinage_n onion_n also_o curl_a endive_n angelica_n scurvygrass_n etc._n etc._n pull_v up_o ripe_a onion_n and_o garlic_n etc._n etc._n towards_o the_o end_n sow_v purslan_n chard_n beet_n chervil_n etc._n etc._n transplant_v such_o lettuce_n as_o you_o will_v have_v abide_v all_o winter_n gather_v your_o olitory_n seed_n and_o clip_v and_o cut_v all_o such_o herb_n and_o plant_n within_o one_o handful_n of_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o full_a unbind_v and_o release_v the_o bud_n you_o inoculate_v gather_v your_o windfal_n apple_n from_o day_n to_o day_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v dry_a make_v summer_n perry_n and_o cider_n september_n gather_v now_o if_o ripe_a your_o winter-fruit_n as_o plum_n pear_n apple_n etc._n etc._n to_o prevent_v their_o fall_n by_o great_a wind_n also_o in_o dry_a wether_n gather_v windfalls_a from_o day_n to_o day_n sow_v lettuce_n radish_n spinage_n parsnip_n skirret_n colleflower_n cabbage_n onion_n scurvygrass_n anniseed_n and_o winter_n herb_n now_o you_o may_v transplant_v most_o sort_n of_o esculent_n and_o physical_a plant_n artichoke_n and_o asparagus_a root_n sow_v winter_n herb_n and_o root_n and_o plant_v strawberry_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n towards_o the_o end_n earth_n up_o your_o winter_n plant_n and_o salad_n herb_n and_o plant_v forth_o your_o colleflower_n and_o cabbage_n sow_o in_o august_n with_o a_o pair_n of_o sheers_n top_n curran_n and_o goosberry_n dig_v about_o manure_n and_o mould_n up_o their_o root_n towards_o the_o end_n make_v perry_n and_o cider_n october_n trench_n dig_n and_o manure_v ground_n for_o orchade_v and_o kitchin_n 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