Suns continual torrid beams and the multitude of waters underneath It is reported that in the Northern Countries winds are sometimes so furious that they cast horse and man down to the ground and in Tartary the winds blow so violently though in the Summer that there is no travelling at such times Likewise about China and Japan tempests are out ragious beyond belief Tercera one of the Azores or Flemish Islands suffers such violences from winds that the bars of Iron that are fastned to the houses although of the thickness of an arm or two are grinded away to the smalness of wier and holes are eaten into the Rocks about the said Island of the bigness of a horse through such tempestuous winds 5. Statarian winds rage commonly every Fryday in the Indies insomuch that Ships are provided with an Anchor more on that day on the Sunday it groweth calm again It will not be amiss to add the cause of the variation of winds perceived by Ships that are in sight of one another and why the wind at Sea differs oft a point or two from the wind at Land viz. Because the wind bursting out low doth reflect against the tumour of the Sea interjected between the two ships or against the Promontories and Hills of the Lands reflecting the wind some larger others narrower The Seas grow oft very turbulent and incensed 1. Through the eruption of winds descending from above and piercing through their body which they raise into high waves by their swelling and strife of passing 2. The said winds do raise other winds and flatuosities within the body of waters partly out of their own substance and partly out of their mud The Sea is much more disposed to disturbations in some places than others As off the Cape of Good Hope likewise between China and Japan where Sea-men oft are forced to pawn their ships and lives to the Ocean CHAP. XVI Of Earthquakes together with their Effects and some strange instances of them 1. What an Earthquake is The manner of its generation The Coucomitants thereof 2. The kinds and differences of Earthquakes 3. The proof of the generation of Earthquakes 4. Their Effects upon the air I. SInce we have lately discoursed upon eruptions of incrassated air out of the clouds we shall next insert a few words touching the eruption of incrassated air out of the Earth whose egress causeth that which we call an Earthquake and is nothing else but the trembling of the earth ordinarily following or preceding the bursting thereof through subterraneous winds vio ently breaking forth The manner of its production is thus A proportion of air and water being lodged in a Cavern underground is further attenuated into subterraneous clouds thence into vapours and thence into incrassated air through fiery minims entring and penetrating through the pores of the Earth whereupon the earth pressing strongly suffers a diruption in the same manner as we see a bottle filled with water being close stopt and exposed to the fire is broke through the force of incrassated air or attenuated and rarefied water within Whence we observe these concomitants to be necessary in an Earthquake 1. A strange great noise 2. A trembling of the Earth 3. A great blast 4. A spouting out of water 5. Sometimes an unequal discontinuation and excavation of the Earth 6. Sometimes a flame II. The kinds of Earthquakes are taken 1. from their effects and manner of motion some causing a shaking or quaking of the earth named by some an Inclination by Aristotle a Tremor through which houses walls or other buildings are weakened in their foundation and thence are occasioned to fall down thus many Cities of Asia in the fifth year of Tiberius of Bithynia near the extream passion of our Saviour the City Nyssena Bâle and particularly Ferrarae a City in Italy were demolished this last was surprized on Martins day in the year 1570 beginning about ten a clock at night with most terrible sounds as if the City had been battered with great pieces of Ordnance next a very horrible shaking or trembling followed raising all the Citizens out of their beds putting them to their beads pouring out their prayers thrice louder than ordinary and forcing them to quit the City and to behold the ruine of their houses in the fields The Palace of the Duke and other great buildings yielded to this violence many were frighted out of their lives others killed through these prodigious accidents not ceasing before the next day at night No less were the Citizens of Constantinople amazed by those most raging Earthquakes in nothing less terrible than the former described by Agath lib. 5. de la guerre Gothique The strange kinds of noises sounds thunder whistling howling cracking that were then perceived are incredible Campania in the time of the Consulship of L. Cornelius and Q. Minutius was infested with a trembling for many daies together Many do write of such Earthquakes as these that lasted a month a year some two years but by fits I suppose In Parthia above two thousand Villages have been demolished by Earthquakes besides many others in Sicily in the 16th year of Charles the fifth in the month of April In October of the 18th year of his Reign another hapned near Puteoli in Campania Others have been observed only to cause a single elevation or puffing up of the Earth afterwards sinking down again without the appearance of any other violence and are by Aristotle named Pulses By these the earth and houses upon it have been lifted up to a great height and sunke down again without the displacing of one single stone Thus the houses of a Town in Switzerland called Friburg were twice at several times lifted up in the year 1509 once in the night the other time in the day By the same accident some houses about Burdeaux in the year 1545 in the month of August were lifted up and sunke down again into their former places Others cause a bursting and excavation of the earth swallowing up its whole Surface where it bursted with the Houses Men and Cattle upon it as when a part of the Island Lango or Coos famous for being the Country of Hippocrates was swallowed up at which time the Inhabitants were not a little amazed by an incredible thunder and fury of its commotion Camden gives a relation of a very stupendious Earthquake that befel the east part of Herefordshire in the year 1575 in March where the earth and a rocky hill called Marcley hill was removed to a far distance thence with the Trees and all the Sheep that were upon it Some other Trees were cast out of the ground whereof many fell flat upon the ground others hapned to fall into the seams of the Hill and closed as fast as if they had taken their first root there The hole which this eruption made was at least 40 foot wide and 80 yards long lasting from Saturday in the Evening untill Munday at noon Likewise a whole Town was
the Peripateticks touching the Souls action That according to the same Opinion a Substance is said not to act immediately through it self but through superadded Powers p. 85. 2. That a Substance acteth through as many different Powers as it produceth different Acts. p. 86. 3. That the said Powers are really and formally distinct from the essence of the Soul ib. 4. That Powers are concreated with the Soul and do immediately emanate from her Essence p. 87. 5. That immaterial Powers are inherent in the Soul as in their Agent Material ones in the Matter as in their Subject ib. 6. That Powers are distinguisht by their Acts and Objects The Authors Intent in treating of the Faculties of the Soul ib. CHAP. II. Of all the usual Acceptions of power 1. The Etymology of Power The Synonyma's of Power p. 88. 2. The various Acceptions of power ib. 3. What a Passive Natural Power and a Supernatural Passive or Obediential Power is ib. 4. Various Divisions of Power p. 89. CHAP. III. Of the Nature of Power according to the Author 1. The Analogal Concept of Power as it is common to all its Analogata p. 90. 2. Whether there be Real Powers 91. 3. Certain Conclusions touching Powers p. 93. 4. That all Substances act immediately through themselves p. 95. 5. That a Peripatetick Power is a Non Ens Physicum p. 97. 6. That all Powers are really Identificated with their Subject ib. 7. That Powers are distinguisht modully from their Subject p. 98. 8. How Powers are taken in the Abstract ib. 9. The Manner of the Remission and Intention of Powers p. 99. 10. The Number of the Formal Acts caused by a singular Substance ib. 11. The Number of the Formal Acts caused by an Organical Substance p. 101. 12. The Solutions of several Doubts touching Powers ib. 13. That all Creatures have an absolute Power secundum quid of acting p. 102. 14. In what sense Hippocrates and Galen apprehended Powers ib. The FIRST PART The Fourth Book CHAP. I. Of the Nature of Natural Theology 1. What Theology is p. 1. 2. That Theosophy is a fitter name to signifie the same which is here intended by Theology That in knowing God we become Philosophers p. 2. 3. What a Habit is ib. 4. What it is to live happily That there is a mean or middle way of living which is neither living in happiness or living in misery p. 3. 5. How Theology is divided ib. 6. What Natural Theology is What Supernatural Theology is The first Doubts of a Natural man ib. 7. The Dignity of Theology p. 4. CHAP. II. Of the end of Natural Theology 1. Wherein Moral Philosopy differeth from Natural Theology and wherein it agreeth with it That the Heathen Philosophers were no true Philosophers Aristotle his dying words Epicure his miserable death after so pleasant a life p. 5. 2. A Description of the greatest Happiness Queries touching the greatest Happiness p. 6. 3. Whether the greatest Happiness is the neerest and principal end of Theology ib. 4. How the greatest Happeness is otherwise called p. 7. CHAP. III. Of GOOD 1. What Good is p. 7. 2. That Aristotle 's Definition of Good is erroneous ib. p. 8. 3. Diogenes his Definition of Good 9. 4. The Explanation of the Definition of Good How the several kinds of Good differ from one another ib. 5. What Moral Good is what moral evil is p. 10. 6. What Theologick Good and evil is ib. CHAP. IV. Of Moral Good and Moral Evil. 1. An Explanation of the Definition of Moral Good What is understood by a Natural State The ambiguity of the word Natural p. 10. 2. What Moral Good it is which doth respect the Body What Moral Good it is which respecteth the Soul p. 11 3. An Explanation of the Definition of Moral Evil. That God doth not properly bend to his creatures p. 12. 4. The Distinction between these two predicates to be Good and to do Good ib. 5. How Moral Good turns to Moral Evil. p. 13. 6. That Man as he is in a neutral state is in a middle state between supernatural and preternatural ib. CHAP. V. Of Theologick Good and Theologick Evil. 1. An Explanation of the Definition of Theologick Good p. 14. 2. An Explication of the Definition of Theologick Evil. ib. 3. What honest usefull and pleasant Good is p. 15. 4. What Natural Sensible and Moral Good is ib. CHAP. VI. Of the greatest and highest Good 1. A further illustration of the greatest Good p. 16. 2. That the highest Good is the neerest end of Natural Theology ib. 3. What the Summum Bonum is otherwise called That the greatest Good is our last end p. 17. 4. The inexpressible Joy which the soul obtains in possessing the greatest Good ib. 5. Two great benefits which the soul receiveth from the Summum Bonum p. 18. CHAP. VII Of the false Summum Bonum 1. The Summum Bonum of the Epicureans unfolded and rejected p. 19. 2. That Wealth is a greater terment than a Summum Bonum The Riches of Seneca That we ought to follow his example p. 20. 3. That to be taken up in merry discourses is not the greatest happiness ib. p. 21. 4. That it is not the greatest happiness to be merry twice or thrice a week at a mans country house p. 22. 5. That honour is not the greatest good ib. 6. That swearing is no happiness ib. 7. The Author's ground why he was compelled to make use of so light a style in this Chapter p. 23. 8. That all these enumerated instances are highly to be embraced as good but not as the greatest Good That meat and drink are to be taken with temperance ib. 9. That Riches are not absolutely to be rejected p. 24. 10. That mutual converse is commendable ib. 11. That a constant society is necessary to man ib. 12. That we ought to give honour to whom honour is due p. 25. 13. That we ought not to refuse an Oath tendred by the Magistrate ib. CHAP. VIII Of the Subject of Natural Theology 1. Man consisting of Body and Soul is the adequate subject of Natural Theology p. 26. 2. Reasons proving the Soul to be the original and principal subject of Theology ib. 3. That the Understanding and Will are really and formally one The confutation of the vulgar definition of will A full explication of the will and the manner of its acting What speculative and practical signifie p. 27 c. 4. What the will is in a large sense p. 34 5. What the will is in a strict sense ib. 6. An explanation upon the first description of will p. 35. 7. The effects of the will Whether appetibility doth not equally imply volibility and appetibility in a strict sense p. 36. 8. Whether mans appetite is distinct from his will ib. CHAP. XIX Of Free-will by reason 1. Wherein man doth most differ from Animals or Naturals p. 38. 2. To what acts the freedom of man's will in reference to its acting doth extend What the
follow his example 3. That to be taken up in merry discourses is not the greatest happiness 4. That it is not the greatest happiness to be merry twice or thrice a week at a mans country house 5. That honour is not the greatest good 6. That swearing is no happiness 7. The Author's ground why he was compelled to make use of so light a style in this Chapter 8. That all these enumerated instances are highly to be imbraced as good but not as the greatest Good That meat and drink are to be taken with temperance 9. That Riches are not absolutely to be rejected 10. That mutual converse is commendable 11. That a constant society is necessary to man 12. That we ought to give honour to whom honour is due 13. That we ought not to refuse an Oath tendred by the Magistrate THe Error and mistake of the Epicureans cannot but startle any one who is but irradiated with the least glimpse of the Summum Bonum They do foolishly conceit that the greatest good and happinesse consisteth in Pleasures that are taken by these two external senses of tasting and of the tact which pleasures primarily are gluttony and its companion What are these pleasures but momentany the enjoyment of them makes a man more restless than he was before A gluttons stomack is no sooner filled but his pleasures are past and vanished his next wish is that his stomack were empty again for to enjoy new pleasures This vice is endemick to some people whose custom it is to take it for an affront if their guests rise from the Table before they have filled their crop twice or thrice and discharged it as often by vomiting their lading up again which perhaps if it light into their neighbours lap is only taken for an act of necessity and an endeavour to make amends to the master of the feast for the greatest thanks he expects is to hear a man relate the next day that he did not spare to make himself a Beast yesterday through his noble and liberal entertainment A man who intends to follow the mode of these treatments is not to call simply for trincken drink at Table but zuzauffen for a draught rather for a traffe like hogs that is as much as he can well swallow down with an open throat or no lesse than will swell him to that bigness as forceth him to unbutton two or three buttons of his doublet and so drink as long untill all his buttons are dispatcht and by that time they are got to their greatest happiness which is to lie dead drunk one a top the other Wherein are these men different from so many hogs lying one upon the other they grunt in that dead sleep like hogs They be fowl kick and tumble over one another like hogs were there hogs among them they could not distinguish themselves from those hogs And is this then a happinesse to be a hog they are worse than hogs for hogs discern one another but they are blind dumb and deaf These men are more fit to receive the Devil than happiness like unto the herd of swine which the Devil enterd As for the other Summum Bonum of the Epicureans it is so far from an acquiessence and Joy that Aristotle makes a detestation of it Look in his Probl. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 II. No lesse are they mistaken who make their wealth their god oftentimes not regarding how they come to it whether by craft or overreaching of others These misers instead of imbracing a perfect Joy they precipitate themselves into a miserable and Tanteleon covetousnesse being tormented with insatiable pangs after more money thirsting with a fiery drought not to be quencht by the pouring all the West-India mines upon them If many in their tun-bellies were but sensible of the torments and unquietnesse which do accompany their Summum Bonum they would soon desist from grapling after their tuns of gold The experience of the great Moral Philosopher Seneca might well perswade them to imitate his dictates of competency for he although his estate was computed to the value of threescore hundred thousand Pounds as Justus Lipsius recordeth of him yet being sensible of the great weight in keeping of it and tormented with burning desires to increase it did contemn it all being fully perswaded that contentment was of greater worth than all his treasure III. In some Countreys the greatest accomplishment of a Gentleman is counted to be his breeding and good behaviour which in France is called bonne mine wherein the more a man can please his Madame the braver Gentleman he is accounted so that all their education as their dancing their study in pleasing discourses tends only to delight their Ladies and themselves insomuch that in their confabulations with them they imagine themselves to be possest of an unparalel happinesse which their having a countenance marked with smiles and joy their Eyes sparkling with lustre their Bodies being altogether transformed into an air the continual gesticulations of their Bodies and trepidation of their Voices do abundantly testifie The plurality of the world doth unanimously agree herein that it is a great happiness and no lesse contentment to passe away the time in mirth and pleasant discourses wherein a man's mind seemeth to be much satisfied wishing the night to be spent that his wonted mirth might be disclosed again through the presence of the ensuing day The whole troop of Poets seem to be sworn to bend their wits only to extoll the happinesse and joys with which this Bonum is endued and to make it analogal to the Summum Bonum for may they say here are persons taken up with a contemplation surprized by an admiration not only so but they receive thence great satisfaction and joy whence it appeareth that there is some resemblance and more than there is in any other Bonum This is the ground why Poets descant thus upon their gods in feigning to be ravished by one anothers discourses and to be stupified through amorous Joys This they assigne upon them as being the greatest happinesse and therefore worthy of Gods On the other side this Bonum may be numbred among transitory felicities and therefore is not the greatest for a man here is as it were in a dream wherein he phansieth multiplicity of Passages and when he awakes all is vanished The like is observable in this case we talk of sundry subjects successively which serveth only to drive away the time and therein it pleaseth the mind there being nothing more tedious to it than idlenesse This is fickle and alterable satisfying the soul at one time and not at another for a while only and not for always we may admire one person for his discourse to day to morrow we may admire our selves for admiring the same person yesterday The discourse being once ended the happinesse vanisheth and is the same with a dream for in a dream we seem to be as joyfull in discoursing with any pleasant person as we
cause of the multitude of Hills in some Countries and scarcity in others 8. How it is possible for the Sea to penetrate into the bowels of the earth I. THe opinion of Fountains scattering out of the earth and supplied by waters rained down and collected within Caverns of the earth as it hath vulgarly taken place among many so it is very suspitious experience tells us that many perennal Fountains spring forth out of sandy and every where about dry Mountains whereunto notwithstanding but little is contributed by the moisture of the heavens since the rain falleth but seldom as in AEgypt and other places and the Sun is very hot the Country very dry insomuch that did the rain fall in twice that quantity it would scarce be sufficient to irrigate the soile much less of supplying moisture for Fountains 2. Many Fountains draw their water very deep near a hundred foot yea two or three hundred deep out of the earth Whereas rain seldom penetrates deeper into the earth than ten or eleven foot 3. Some Fountains break forth out of Rocky Mountains which are uncapable of imbibing rain Ergo their rice and continuation are not from rain II. The opinion of Aristotle is much more absurd asserting subterraneous air converted into water to be the cause of Springs since we have formerly made it appear that the conversion of air into water is impossible or were it not it would seem very irrational to suppose the earth to be so hollow as to be capable of containing such an infinite quantity of air as to continuate the course of a Fountain because a great quantity of air condensed as they call it would produce but little more than a drop III. 1. In brief Fountains owe their beginning and continuation to great quantities of water collected within great Caverns of the earth This the diggers of Mines confirm to us who sometime through digging too deep meet with great and sudden burstings out of waters which oft do prove perennal Such mischances have hapned not once in the Coal-pits near Newcastle to the drowning of many a man Moreover there are no great hills but which rest upon great gulphs of water underneath them insomuch that a hill is nothing else but the raising of the earth through a great gulph of water lodging underneath it Hence it is that hills are generally the store-houses of Rivers and their sides or tops their Springs How many slouds of water are there discovered to break out of the sides of several great hills in Kent Surrey and innumerous other places of the world Whence should those pregnant Pewter Mines in Cornwal or Lead Mines in Derbishire and all other Mines in the world be supplied with a sufficient quantity of water for their matter were it not that the hills afforded it out of their Caverns Whereout should all those vast stony and rocky Mountains of the Universe consist but out of water derived from the Earths bowels Whence should those great perennal Rivers that spout forth from under the Alpes and Peruvian Mountains take their rice but from those gulphs of water whereby they are raised to that height Whence should all the water of those great Lakes upon hills arrive As that between the middle of the three tops of the hill Taihu in China whose depth was yet never fathomed and that upon the Mount Jenkin near the City So being of no less depth and near a quarter of a Mile in compass likewise that of Tieuchi near Mien that deep Lake upon the Mount Tienlu called the Lake of the Drake because it is so horrible through its depth and commotion that if any should cast a stone into it it would render a great noise like unto a thunder besides many others in Europe as those in Ireland c. In fine do not all the greatest Rivers of the world viz. Ganges Nilus Senaga Nuba Tana Nieper Morava Garumna Thames c. yea and all others spout out of hills or are they not derived from Lakes Lakes usually are environned by a Plain because those waters which should thrust up hills about them are collected in an open Cavern Notwithstanding are the same waters of Lakes through the ait's pressure forced underneath into the earth where at some distance they do cast up hils for to disburden the earth whereat they spout out Rivers for a Lake is uncapable of it self to spout out a River because being situated low wants force to spout it out from it whereas waters that are protruded and continually impacted and crusht very thick or close into Caverns of hills do by a renitency press against the earth above and below and swallow up the air contained within the said Caverns into their substance and the earth doth reciprocally press against them but the air being thin smooth and glib is at last violently protruded by both their gravities which erupting with a great force and discontinuation of the earth doth make way upwards for the water to be pressed out the easier by the earth with such a force as may square to the protruding of a long River Wherefore it is necessary that Rivers should derive either immediately or mediately from hills Thus immediately the Rhein springs forth out of the Mount Adula aliás Vogel The Danow out of a Mount within the black wood some 6 Leagues off from Tubingen The Necker out of another near the same Town The Garona out of one of the Perinean Mountains The Jaxartes out of the Sogdian Mountains as Ptolomy names them The Dnieper out of some Mountains near Dnieperco The River of Jordan out of two Issues of the Mount Lebanon viz. Jor and Dan both which meeting communicate in one name of Jordan The River Euphrates out of the Mount standing in the midst of the Garden of Eden The Boetis in Spain out of the Mount Orespeda near Castao The Anien out of the Mountains among the Trebani the Zepusium out of some Mountain in Poland and so a million of others Mediately The River of Nile descends out of some Hills that draw their water out of the Lake Zembre The River Niger salies vigorously out of some hills near the Lake Borno whose Caverns are filled the length of threescore Leagues under ground by streams flowing out of a Lake between Guidan and Vangue The River Nuba out of Mountains deriving their water from the Lake Nuba and in like manner many others Touching narrow short Rivers that flow from their head downwards to a low place they may draw their rice immediately from a Lake because they need not that vigour of impulse IV. Holland and Zealand although very rich in water yet are poo◠in Mountains because their ground is so much thorow soakt and masht with water that being changed into a mud it would sooner break into crums than be raised up into hills Wherefore the name of Holland was very aptly imposed upon that Countrey since that underneath it is hollow filled up only with water the
ground swimming atop it in the forme of clay or mud they having little or no sandy ground within their dikes or bankes Hence it appears that towards the constitution of a Hill these conditions must be required 1. A great quantity of water must be bored underneath the Earth for a small quantity would prove invalid to lift it up 2. They must form their Cavern very deep for near the Surface they would sooner break through than raise the earth 3. The ground under which they bore must be very dense dry and sandy for to keep in the water for were it moist or loose it would not rise but sooner break Besides this density and sandiness of the earth doth serve to concentrate and conclomerate the earth into one body whereby it is gradually raised and lifted up From this discourse observe why hills are sandy and dry although containing such a bulk of water underneath them viz. because of the closeness or density of the minima's or sands of the earth compelling the water under them 2. The reason why all hills do not emit fountains of water is because the water is lodged very deep under them or because of the extream density of their terrestrial minima's V. This cannot but confute that improbable opinion asserting hills to be formed through the violence of the waters after the Deluge carrying great pieces of the earth along with them in returning to their receptacle another reason against this is because great torrents tumbling down with a tempestuous fury and causing an Inundation or Deluge wherever they touch scarce leave any sign of inequality of the earth behind them 2. Here may then be demanded from them how and whence those hills before or after the Deluge of Noah or of Ogâ—ges or Deucaleon it is the same received their formation Hills there were before for besides the Bible Josephus Abydenus Berosus and others make mention of a very high hill in Armenia major called Barin by others Chardaeus whereupon a pious man should have saved himself in an Ark. So Ovid speaks of the Mount Parnassus whose height should have preserved Deucaleon with his wife Pyrrha from the rage of the Deluge Others to save the matter have conceited the Stars to have attracted lumps out of the earth and so raised them into hills but this opinion is so absurd that it needs no confutation The Vulgar observing most hills to be sandy do beyond all reproof believe that they are nothing else but congestions of sand or earth heaped up by the winds I shall not think it much to insert their judgment touching a very high hill in Holland situated a mile off from the Hague towards Shiveling and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 called the High Clift which about a hundred years ago they say was of that height that one might have washt his hand in the clouds upon the top of it but now is diminisht to one third to what it was and I my self can remember that it was much higher than now it is The cause of this diminution they adscribe to the winds blowing down the sands out of which they say all those small hills that are about it were formed But to rectifie their apprehensions who can rationally judge that winds are forcible enough to remove hills of that weight and bigness or that winds should be strong enough to heap up such a Mountain Any one would sooner imagine the winds to blow them down If then winds have not the power to raise a Mountain certainly they are too weak to pull one down Or thus If winds be so powerful why did they not blow down such hils before they came to that height 2. Hills in many Islands of the West-Indies are raised much higher where the winds are much more out ragious Wherefore the cause of the diminution of the fore-mentioned High Clift must be adscribed to the removal of the water underneath whereby the hill doth gradually sink and grow lesser and boring further into several places about hath raised those other hills VI. But since hills are so numerous Lakes and Rivers not scarce a disquisition must be made whence and how such a vast quantity of water doth redound within the bowels of the earth The peregrin Element of water within the earth bears no proportion of affording a competent moisture towards the casting up of so many monstrous Mountains or scattering such large perennal Fountains and Rivers or of depressing the Surface of the earth by such vast Lakes Wherefore I say nothing appears full enough to effuse such dimensions of water but the Ocean alone whose belly being oppressed with an inexhaustible plenitude is constantly irritated to vomit up its superfluities into the weaker and lower parts of the earth Reason will incline us to this truth that must be the original of waters whereinto they are disburdened for otherwise if the Sea did retain all those waters evacuated by Rivers it would manifestly increase but since it doth not it is an argument that the Sea expels as much as it receives but that is the Ocean Ergo. 2. Many Lakes Fountains and Rivers although remote from the lips of the Sea do notwithstanding participate of the flowing and ebbing thereof as that Fountain in the Island Gades another near Burdeaux c. ergo the sea doth press water thither 3. The divine words of Solomon confirm the same to us Eccl. 1. 7. Unto the Place from whence the Rivers come thither do they return again but that is into the Sea Ergo. 4. The ancient Church-men do also subscribe to this viz. Isidor lib. 3. de Orig. Cap. 20. Basil. Hom. 4. Hex Jerom upon Eccles. 1. Damasc. lib. 2. de sid orth c. 9. Hugo de S. Vict. upon Gen. Dionys. upon Prov. 8. c. The manner of the Seas conveyance or passage to the innermost parts of the earth is by screwing pressing and penetrating through the lowermost parts for there the Sea is most potent exercising its weight refracted to the sides whereas atop it is too weak or were it strong enough it would break forth before it had passed any considerable way Besides its own weight the saltness of the Sea doth very much conduce to the intending of its force for those salin particles are apt to undergo a dividing and cutting pressure VII Places that are bordering upon the Sea are alwaies and every where cast up into high hills or mountains because they receive the first impulse of the Sea waters pressing underneath Hence it is that every where about the Coasts are encompassed by hills Mountains are oft higher and greater within the Land than near the Sea because they are raised by the meeting of great quantities of water impelled from two Seas So the Alpes are cast up by the water impelled from the Venetian Gulph of the one side and the Tyrrhenian Sea of the other both meeting under them The Peak of Teneriffe is thrust up to the height of threescore miles through casting up all that
remoteness the air is aptest for concretion 2. Those winds blow stronger in the night than in the day Because the internal air of the clouds is then strongest squeezed and least dispersed through the Suns heat 3. The Monzones that blow from the South blow usually stronger and somewhat longer than the others because the Sun being then got into the arctick declination is now obliquely imminent upon the waters and therefore raises the greater quantity of vapours VVhereas on the other side a greater part of its oblique rayes are taken up by the Land 4. They are oft intended by the Moons demission of weighty minima's upon them The common winds are deprehended in the temperate and rigid Zones The East winds blow when a cloud opens at its VVest side in the East the North wind blows when it is vented at the South side in the North c. The winds if any thing durable must spout out of great long clouds otherwise they would soon be emptied besides clouds through the commotion of the air do succeed one another and are united when the former is suckt out as it vvere Sometimes the vvind seems to come dovvn from over our heads because a cloud is opened there More frequently from the finitor because clouds do most usually meet in union thereabout Sometimes the vvindes blovv from the North and South at once because tvvo clouds in those Regions are a venting Sometimes besides the continuation of a durable vvind there breaks out suddenly another vvind upon us by a blast because there is a cloud breaks out underneath those great ones that cause the durable vvind Provincial vvinds are occasioned through bursting out of those clouds that surround the respective Provinces For example If a Country is apt to be most beset vvith clouds on its North sides then Northerly winds vvill prove its Provincials Annual vvinds are caused through the particular aspects of the Sun at such a time of the year raising vapours tovvards such a plage or corner and rarefying their clouds at such a side Winds accidentally and violently are most of them coole and dry because bursting out with a force they must necessarily cause a compression upon objected bodies and through their tenuity must rub off the dampness from the same bodies Yet some winds prove more particularly very cold and dry because many earthy minims that are incorporated with the imprisoned air break forth along with them causing a strong punctual compression or acute cold Hence North winds happen to partake so much of coldness because they are incorporated with many terrestrial minima's transmitted from the Polars North Northeast winds in winter feel very pinching and nipping cold yea numming because of the commixture of frosty minims with their air South winds are moist because their production depends upon clouds transmitted from the Meridies whose body is very damp and waterish they are hot besides because they have been smitten with the Suns torrid rayes These are noxious and pernicious because through their warm moisture communicated to the ambient air they move relaxe swell and dissolve all the humours of the body whence there must necessarily arise an exestuation or fermentation of the bloud By the way let me tell you the reason why many clouds move against the stream of the air Because their winds bursting on the contrary side draw them like fire bursting out of a squib draweth the same after it Winds blow equally through their equal eruption high through their greater union and force directed outward and being augmented by the violent detention of the ambient cloud Some winds rise in the night because the internal breath of their clouds is now united through a privative and positive coldness Others are intended by the help of the dissolving Sun for the cloud being too close outwardly and the inward breath not very strong needed the rarefaction of the Sun Hence Northern winds are raised in the day because the faces of the clouds are objected directly against the heat of the Sun Whereas South winds are laid in the day because the Sun rarefying the back parts of their clouds attracts their breath backwards and disperseth it Tempestuous winds are distinguisht by five names 1. Ecnephias from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 out of the clouds or an Oricane which is a sudden and most impetuous wind bursting out directly from above out of the sky and breaking in upon the Sea and Ships cause it to rise into mountainous waves and these oft to be overset if their sails be up wherefore Mariners in the East and VVest Indian Ocean as soon as they spy a small cloud in the heavens seemingly not much bigger than the top of ones hat take in their Sails immediately or if at anchor they are forced to cut their Cables and expose themselves to the free waves of the Sea for to prevent foundring The cause of so sudden a fury is questionless a great quantity of incrassated air admitted to condensed fire pent in hard within the stiff clouds and so setting force against force the air and condensed fire are forced with one violence to break through the thick clouds which although strongly striving to keep themselves in continuation yet at last choose to give way and to suffer some parts of them to be gathered into a small cloud whereupon that furious AEolus soon puts the whole Climate into a commotion scattering withall a spout of hot water kindled through the great sight rotting whatever it touches especially wollen cloaths and breeding worms 2. Turbo Typhon from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to beat or a violent whirlwind is caused through the same condensed fire and incrassated air violently bursting out of several spouts whose circular refraction meeting upon the Surface of the water or land oft carries a Ship sheer out of the water or any other moveable bodies from the land I have oft been told of Ships that have been lifted out of the water and cast upon the shore by such winds as these but how true I know not although it seems probable enough 3. Praester from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I kindle is a surious wind caused through the violent eruption of exhalations or a condensed fire kindled within the clouds and incrassated air which doth not only ruinate houses and trees but oft burns them down to the ground and puts the Sea into a boyling heat 4. Exhydria is a vehement bursting out of wind attended with a great shower of rain and hail But none of these violent winds prove lasting because the flatuosity contained within the clouds erupting in so great a measure must soon be exhausted whereas were it evacuated in a less proportion they must necessarily prove more durable Among all the winds none delights more in the greatest and longest furies and storms than the South Southwest in the winter because it derives from the Meridies or torrid Zone where vapours are drawn up in very great measures and that constantly because of the