Left Reer Recover your Pikes and put up your Swords Advance your Pikes Charge to the Front Port your Pikes Charge to the Front Shoulder your Pikes Charge to the right Comport your Pikes Charge to the left Cheeke your Pikes Charge to the Reer Trail your Pikes Charge to the Reer After lay the narrow end of the Pike to the ground face about to the left to your first Front and move forward with the butt-end of your Pike on your right side in your Funeral posture After face about to the right raise up your Pike face then again to your first Front you may lay down the Pike to the ground and march from your arms having ended all the postures charges in their due courses And here Fellow-Souldier whoever thou art thou maist perceive that there are no more then eight Postures of the Pike and four Charges that is to say to the Front Reer and both Flanks There are some would fain have another posture added to these which they call the Lazie posture which somtimes I have perceived upon a Stand that then the Pike-man le ts slip his Pike from the shoulder until the butt-end rest upon the ground then laying his right arm over it he stands in an ill-favour'd lazie way Such postures as these are not fit to be ranged among the former but rather to be condemned in regard the Souldier will be apt enough to find out such postures as these of himself if not prevented by the discretion of the careful Officers for upon a Stand the Souldiers properest posture is to Order his Pike And thus much in brief concerning the postures of the Pike CHAP. VI. The Postures of the Musket collected in a brief way ACcording to my former promise I shall endeavour to give the best satisfaction I can to the Muskettiers as well as to the Pikes that there is an answerableness of number in the proper postures of the Musket to them of the Pike and they are eight as I conceive and may be proceeded on in order from the taking up to the laying down of the Musket and nothing acted twice The words of Command for the postures followeth Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms. Now you are to take notice that in taking up the Bandiliers putting them on taking up the Rest putting the string about the left wrist the taking up of the match placing of it the taking up of the musket these or the like are no postures but motions to the first posture Therefore I will proceed upon them all in order as they lie leaving out the words of command tending to the Motions 1 Order your musket 2 Rest your musket 3 Poyse your musket 4 Shoulder your musket 5 Ballance your musket and Rest on the right side with the barrel upwards 6 Trail your Rest and ballance your musket on the left side with the barrel downwards 7 Recover your musket and perform your Sentinel-posture 8 From this perform your funeral-posture This being ended a man may recover his musket and rest that knows how to perform this last posture without bringing him again upon the Rest and may lay down his Arms again observing the former Rule where the postures of the musket are set down at large CHAP. VII There is also a conformity of Posture with the Musket to those of the Pike and Words of Command to be given as may in many things be received by both Arms. THe musket and pike lying on the ground these words of Command may properly be imployed to both That is to say Stand to your Arms Handle your Armes The butt-end of the musket standing or resting on the ground at the outside of right foot is conformable to the Pike ordered The musket poysed to the pike advanced The musket shouldered to the Pike shouldered The musket porting to the pike porting The musket reverst as in the funeral-posture to the Pike trailing The musket rested to the pike cheeked which is his proper sentinel-posture The musket presented to the pike charged As for the motions of posture which conduce to the lading and priming of the musket as to cast about trail recover and the like they are all included in that general word of Command properly to the muskettiers belonging which is to make ready Now methinks I hear some ingenious Souldier begin to ask me What are the use of these postures so fully laid down by you To whom I shall be so courteous as to satisfie them according to my former Method beginning with the Pike as followeth CHAP. VIII The use of the Postures of the Pike The use of Ordering the Pike THe Pike being ordered is the proper posture of a Souldier upon a stand which he ought ever to mind upon any such occasion so to make use of it And I have likewise seen in many places in the day-time this posture to be used by the Souldier standing sentinel The use of Advanceing the Pike The Pike advanced is useful for the Souldier upon a Troop when they are to march swiftly either for the relieving of some Court of Guard or to repair to their place of Randezvous or upon some sudden approaching to an Enemy to make a Charge for then he will be in a fit capacity to clap down quickly his pike upon the breast of the Enemy It is likewise very useful in the time of exercise to the half-files and bringers up upon any doubling to the Front for then they are always to be advanced in respect of a longer march in their doublings then those that double ranks and files but having doubled they must always conform in posture to the part doubled The use of Porting The use of Porting was invented for the ease of the reer half-files upon a charge for the front half-files are only for to charge the reer half-files in the mean time are to port It is likewise very useful at such times when the souldiers are marching through a gate or sally-port from whence I conceive it doth derive its name porting The use of Shouldering The use of shouldering the pike is only properest upon the march in some kind very useful upon a stand in time of Fight provided they are at convenient distance from the Enemy For it much preserveth the pikes and pike-men from the danger of the shot the bullets then gliding off from their Arms which if they stood at such times either ordered or advanced the bullets would make such a clattering amongst the Pikes that what with breaking of them and the shivers flying from them may much endanger the souldiers which carry them The use of Comporting The comporting of the Pike is only useful to the souldier marching up a hill for if then he should be shouldered the butt-end of the Pike would always be touching of the ground to hinder him in his march and much endanger his fellow-souldiers that shall come after him Neither can he march advanced for if there should be any
them if disorderly they swerve awry from what he first intended He must likewise order all his words of Command so as that they may be proper and clearly pronounced forth unto the Souldier without any faltering And in every one of these to see the Souldier leasurely and easily perform the same in a compleat manner He must not be too quick in his words of Command but carefully see what before commanded well done and then he may proceed unto the next In time of his Exercise he must seriously mind what he is to do and not to have his thoughts extravagantly carried away upon any other Subject for fear he be out but if any such thing should happen through forgetfulness he ought not to be daunted but to pull up the spirit of a Souldier as well as he can and endeavour to reduce them again For it is a rare thing to be found for a Leader to be so exquisite in his Exercising as not to be sometimes out and in my observation of most at one time or another I have found them so to be His discretion also ought to be such as to cull out and chuse those things that be chiefest as flowers out of a Garden to fit and compleat up his Exercise in a Souldier-like way which may be most properest for service and use which will bring to him far more commendations and praise in the judgement of every knowing Souldier then to spend his time upon unnecessary toyes but yet sometimes to please the fancy of the curious at their private meetings he may use some things for delight to support and uphold their private Exercises which have nurst up here in London many able Souldiers and Commanders who have been serviceable to our Nation It is a very necessary thing likewise that a Leader sometimes do acquaint the Souldiers of the use of their several Distances Facings Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings and of all things else he shall command but in such a manner that he dwell not too long upon any thing he shall declare unto them for dulling of the Souldiers who rather would be pleased with more actings then by too much talkings which spins out the time as sometimes ordered to very little purpose He must be very careful of every word of Command he gives that the Souldiers be ordered in their due Distance sutable to the same of what kind soever it be and if it shall be lost in their movings or marchings he must endeavour to bring them to it again He is likewise to acquaint the Souldiers when they are drawn up to look about them and to mind their several places how they stand in the Body whether they be in even Ranks from the Front or odd if even and upon any doubling of Ranks they are the men to double the odd if half-file-leaders that they be commanded to double the Front they must advance their Arms and are Leaders of that Motion to come up to double the Front if Bringers-up commanded to double they are alike to do the same if Bringers up of the Front-half-files and that they be commanded to double the Reer they likewise are to advance their Arms to face about and are to begin to lead them down to the Reer They should likewise take notice how they stand in their Files whether even from the right or no if even and there be any command to double Files to the right they all are to move and double the odd if commanded to double to the left they then stand odd and the others are to move and double them They likewise are to mind their places who are upon the Flanks for a doubling either to Front or Reer by the half-Files they first begin to march and how they stand there as right and left-hand men in even Ranks for by any doublings of Ranks entire or by Division they likewise are the Leaders of the Motion There ought also advice be given to the middle File-leaders to know their places for if there should be any doublings of the half-Ranks they then are first to move and to begin the motion This caution being sometimes quickly run over in advising of the Souldiers that they should ever mind when they are first drawn up into a body these particular places they would not stand so carelessy and so ignorantly in a Body as many times they do not knowing which way to move without a great deal of pains and directions from their Leader for there being so many occasions of doublings of these kinds that it is a necessary thing for every Souldier to be acquainted with the same Yet it is not only sufficient that the Souldiers do mind their places as they stand in a body according to the direction of their Leader as before set forth unto them but that they be likewise in the time of their Exercise very silent in the body and helpful unto their fellow-Souldiers by pointing out unto them with signs with the hand where they should march to perform what was before commanded and to be very civil and orderly in their carriage to each other and to mind their Exercise so as a matter of great weight and high consideration in the well regarding of the same And if a word of command as sometimes may happen slip out of order as by the mistaking of a hand or the like yet nevertheless it should be their modest care if not prevented by their Leader to be ready to execute what they conceive he intended and walking along in this civil and respective way unto him that shall lead them it will not only be a great encouragement unto him but they will also reap much benefit unto themselves And thus much briefly may be spoken in way of advice unto every Leader before his beginning of his Exercise and unto each particular Souldier as shall by him be exercised CHAP. XXVII Of Facings of their several kinds and of their use with the words of command for performance of the same FAcing is the altering or turning of the Aspect to either hand upon the ground they stand according to the words of Command whether it be to the right left Front or Reer or to the midst of Files or Ranks or to any of the outward or inward Angles or to the Center The manner of execution of the same it is a particular turning of every Souldiers countenance unto each of those hands or places as above exprest and to be performed after this manner The left foot is always to be kept fixed like the hinge of a door and unto what hand or part they shall be commanded to face every particular Souldier is immediately to turn his body upon the Ball or Centre of his left foot by wheeling until he hath brought his Aspect unto the place commanded Facings is one of the most necessary and usefullest motions amongst all the rest for when the body shall be in such a streight that they cannot bring their faces against an enemy
by Counter-march or by a Wheeling to bring their best Souldiers there to fight and likewise being debarred of room that they cannot double it nevertheless Facings are of such excellent use that they may with ease although standing at close Order turn every particular face to charge upon that part where they shall be assaulted by an enemy and farther this motion is performed with more facility then all the rest of the motions For in the others they alter the form of the Battail or changeth the place but in this they preserve both and it is ready for any attempt of an enemy if they should be charged all at once in Front Reer right and left Flanks they may be commanded so to face as to answer them all in every one of their charges Facings likewise are so necessary that they can hardly be spared in any other of the motions having relation in one kind or other to them all for to be used There is likewise farther to be understood that there are Entire-Facings and divisional Entire Facings are when they turn their Aspects all one way Divisional Facings are when they divert or turn their faces several ways as to the Front Reer and both Flanks all at one instant of time as shall be commanded There are likewise facings to the Front and Reer Angles that is to say of their outward and inward Angles Outward Angles are when they are commanded to face to the right Angle or to the left or both facing to the inward Angles as when they are commanded so as to face to the inward Angles towards the midst of Files There is likewise facing to the inward Angles towards the midst of Ranks as to the Center where note when there is any use of these Facings unto the inward Angles it is occasioned by some former words of command that hath made some large intervals in the midst of Ranks or Files and therefore they may give them such commands as these for to open or stand so that they may march and close again as at first This Facing to the Center I do conceive to be very useful when the Captain or Leader hath any thing of importance to speak unto the Company they standing at close order he may side-wise move down into the midst of the Ranks and Files and command them to face all to the Center they standing all round about him so close cannot chuse but hear and know what his pleasure and command will be and in obedience thereunto be very ready in performance for the execution of the same But before I come to set down the words of Command for Facings I shall desire all Leaders not to tye themselves up so as not to begin in their Exercise to command Facings until they have brought the Souldiers to stand at open order both in Rank and File as if it were not proper for them to command them to face till then Therefore rather for the reasons before set forth command them to chuse upon such close Distances to face that they may know the true use of them and at such times when they want ground that the other motions cannot be performed CHAP. XXVIII The words of Command for Facings Face to the RIght Left To both Flanks Right about Left about To Front and Reer Midst of Files Midst of Ranks Right Angle Left Angle Outward Angles in the Front Inward Angles in the Front Right Angle in the Reer Left Angle in the Reer Outward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles of the right Flank Inward Angles of the left Flank Outward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles of both the Flanks to the Center Front Reer and both Flanks from the Center To the outward Angles of Front and Reer from the Center As you were or To your Leader Having concluded the words of Command for performing of plain Facings there must be notice taken when any word of Command shall be given to face to any of the Reer-Angles they must be first faced to the Reer and they will make more easier performance of the same and likewise if any word of Command be given to face to the inward Angles upon the Flanks they must face them there likewise first and it will be easier fulfilled and likewise if any command be given to face to the four Angles or to Front Reer and Midst from the Center care must be first had that they may be first faced to the Center I might have proceeded a great deal farther in this place upon this Subject of Facings to have shewn several figures of Battail that might be produced and drawn forth affording much variety of forms and number and with much ease to be performed upon their several marchings according as they are ordered to face which might be very useful for service and affording much matter for any particular Exercise to use several firings upon the same But I shall have occasion in another place to make use of divers of them and setting them forth in the view when I shall begin to set down in any particular Leadings of my own which I have performed in our private meetings at Town-Ditch in London every Thursday-morning for the satisfaction of those loving Gentlemen who still do Exercise there and to such which shall come after CHAP. XXIX The many variety of Doublings with their parts and uses set forth for the practice of any Commander to make use of according unto his own discretion SInce there is in the true account no other dimension of a Battail but the Length and Depth so likewise it is to be understood that the Length of the Battail is doubled by the doublings of Ranks and half-Files and the Depth of the Battail is doubled by the doubling of Files and of the half-Ranks Now there are several Words of Command for the performance of each of these as to double Ranks and Files which do consist either of the doubling of number of men and persons and not of place or else the doubling both of number and place As for Example command either the Ranks the half-files or Bringers-up to double the Front to the right here only is the doubling of number of men and not of place for it adds but one man more to that hand whereunto they were commanded and gains but his particular place Again double Ranks to any hand entire or double the Front by the half-Files to the right entire it will be not only a doubling of the number of men but a doubling of the place and the Length of the Battail The use of doubling the Length of the Battail may be for two Reasons the one to over-wing an Enemy the other to avoid over-winging our selves Yet there must be care taken that in doubling of the Length that we fail not or be too weak in our Depth for the want of both either Length or Depth may be very dangerous to our selves and
whereby they may fire upon the Enemy as he marcheth by Or approaching against any Fort or place of danger they may daringly make a large Front and firing upon them after filing to the right or left making large Intervals they much preserve themselves from the danger of the great shot proceeding from the Enemy Again Ranks ranking either in equal or unequal parts is of singular good use upon a narrow passage where they can march but two three four or six abrest the Commander notwithstanding they marched before twenty abrest may by it bring them to such small numbers whereby he may much preserve them in time of imminent danger and peril To dwell no longer upon this discourse Inversion and Conversion many times require larger distance then any other of the Motions as sometimes double distance or twice double distance wherefore being so many occasions for the use of them both I hold it requisite for a Leader frequently to practise his Souldiers in them no part of the Art Military affording more commendations to the Souldiers that shall readily and handsomly perform the same Briefly therefore passing over what might be more spoken concerning them I shall in the next place set them all forth in their full view leaving every discreet Souldier to his own liberty to make use of as many of them as he shall think fit and to use them after what manner he pleaseth CHAP. XXXIX The words of Command for Ranks ranking and Files ranking to the Front they being twelve abrest and six deep Command RAnks rank to the right 2 3 4 or 6 as occasion shall require Direction If to two the two outmost men upon the right are to move away the next two to fall behind them until the first Rank hath made six Ranks and the rest doing the like until the first six Ranks are become thirty six Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the left the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move away two and two until they have made up twelve in one Rank and the rest are to do the like until they are made up all again as at first or command Ranks rank as you were The same rule is to be observed if you rank to any of the other numbers to divide them accordingly Command Ranks rank three to the left Direction The first three men upon the left are to move away the next three are to fall in behind toward the left until the first Rank have made four Ranks the rest are to do the like until they have made them 24 Ranks Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move forth by three and three until they have made twelve in one Rank the rest are to do the like until they be as they were at first or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank three to the right and left outward Direction The three outmost men of the first Rank upon the right and the three outmost men upon the left move away the next three of each hand in the same Rank are to do the like and every Rank throughout to follow successively dividing themselves three to one hand and three to the other until they have made twelve Ranks in each Division and falling in the Reer successively to each hand of the first Rank Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the right into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the right and move away every Rank placing it self successively to the right until they stand all in one Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the left the first 12 men upon the left are to stand the next 12 are to face to the left and to move and fall in the Reer of the first and so consequently all the rest or else to command Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and move until they have successively placed themselves and made one intire Rank into the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the 12 outmost men upon the right stand the rest face to the right and move making 12 in every Rank or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face outward and place your selves successively into the Front facing after to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward the 12 middlemost men stand the rest face inward and move ranking 12 successively behind the first Rank and after facing to their Leader and to even their Ranks Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Direction The first Rank is to move away to the right and left the next Rank moving up into his ground doing the like and consequently so all the rest until the last Rank be come up intire into the Front Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the first six upon the right and the first six upon the left stand the rest move outward falling in the Reer of the first Rank ranking six to the right and left and after closing their Divisions Command Files rank to the right into the Front Direction Files open to the left to your double Distance and Ranks close forwards to Close Order and move up to the right into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the left the first six upon the left are to fall into a File the rest doing the like until you have made 12 Files as at first or command Ranks file as you were Command Files rank to the left into the Front Direction Every man is to move forward to the left into the Front beginning from the Leader of the Files and moving up successively making one intire Rank Reducement Ranks file six to the right the six outmost men upon the right are to fall into a File the rest in like manner are to do the same or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Close order after move to the right and left outward until they be come up into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the middle men are to stand the rest are to move side-ways to the right and left inward and to file as before commanded or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank inward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance and Files move up to the right and left entire into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the outmost men stand the rest move to the right and left outward filing according to Command and after to close their Divisions CHAP. XL. Ranks ranking into the Front by Countermarch Command RAnks rank entire into
to their Order Ranks ranking by Countermarch Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The two last Ranks face about the first and last Rank and the third Rank from the Front stand the rest move forth to the right and left ranking into Front Reer and Midst placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward placing your selves on the inside of your right and left-hand-men the last Rank face about the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to stand and the outmost six men in each Rank are to move to the right and left inward placing themselves in the Reer of the former Ranks and on the inside of their right and left-hand-men facing to their Leader Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance standing then at Order in each division in Rank and File the two last Ranks face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move inward placing themselves on the inside of their right and left-hand-men after the last Rank may face about and move forward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man the last Rank face about the six outmost men of each Rank stand and the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to divide themselves six to the right and six to the left falling in the Reer of the outmost men placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men after face to the Front and Ranks and Files close to the midst to Order Of Files ranking into Front Reer and Midst Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The two last Ranks face about the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move to the right and left after the manner of doubling of Ranks and rank to Front Reer and Midst as before commanded and after the last Rank face to the Front closing forward to Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the last Rank face about and the even men from the midst of Files are to fall in behind the odd after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left inward and after the two last Ranks are to face to the Front Command Files rank inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction They standing at the distance of Order in Rank and File command right and left Half-ranks to open from the Midst something more then to open Order after the two last Ranks are to face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front are to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward after the manner of doubling Ranks to the right and left inward after the last Rank is to face to the Front and to close forwards to open Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the last Rank face about and every man from the Flanks is to move outward after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left outward then the two last Ranks are to face to the Front and the whole Body may close their Ranks and Files into the Midst to Order CHAP. XLIII Of Files ranking by Wheeling Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst The Ranks must be at Close Order and the Files at Open Order for these three words of Command following and it would be better to divide them into three Divisions that is to say between every two Ranks to have some six foot of ground interval that they may more distinctly perform the same by Wheeling Direction The two last Ranks face about after face all outward and wheel to the right and left by two and two until they be ranked into Front Reer and Midst the last Rank may after move forwards unto the same distance the former stands at being first faced to their Leader Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first two Ranks face about and then every particular Rank to wheel by two and two towards the midst of Files until they have made twelve Files as at first and after face all to the Front Command Files rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst something more then to open Order the two last Ranks of each Division face about after face all inward and wheel by two and two to the right and left until they have ranked into Front and Reer and Midst to the right and left inward the last Rank is after to face to the Front taking his distance conformable to the rest Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the two first Ranks face about and each particular Rank is to wheel by two's towards the Flanks until they have made twelve Files as at first after facing all to the Front and closing their Ranks and Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and let them know that the Bringers-up of the Front Half-files and the Half-file-Leaders are the hinges of the Motion after face them to the Front and they will be in two Ranks Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the last Rank face about and both Ranks wheel to the right and left by threes until they have made twelve Files as at first after face all to the Front and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank outward into the Front and Reer by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Order after face outward and wheel to the right and left the Bringers-up and the Leaders are the hinges of the Motion and when they are brought into two Ranks one in the Front and the other in the Reer face them to the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first Rank face about and both Ranks are to wheel by threes towards the midst of Files until they have filed according unto Command after facing to their Leader evening their Ranks and straightning their Files And thus much of Conversion or Ranks ranking or Files ranking they having more variety in them then many times can be useful except it be to present unto the Souldiers some things that are new in the Motions which many times they love to see I could upon this Subject have much more enlarged my self but conceiving what is already set down may be sufficient for
Files this special care being taken he may begin and proceed to the Reducement after this manner If by some former Counter-marches his File-leaders are in the place of his Half-file-leaders and that his Bringers-up are in the room of the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files then he may proceed in this or the like kinde commanding them to countermarch their Front and Reer into the midst which being performed they will stand in some pretty way of reducing after facing them to the Front where he meets with his Bringers-up in stead of his File-leaders which by one Counter-march will bring them up again into the Front Yet perhaps the Flankers have inter-changed ground with the middle File-leaders if so then Counter-march their Flanks into the midst and face them to the Front and if it happen that the right Flank is become the left and the left the right then Counter-march their Ranks to any hand and after face them to the first Front they are reduced And farther take this for a general rule that when Files or Ranks Counter-march to any hand command them to Counter-march to the contrary and it will reduce them or countermarching your Front and Reer into the midst counter-marching of them back again from the midst will bring each man into his proper place again The same rule being observed reduceth the Flankers or Front and Reer-half-files counter-marching of them from the midst Counter-marches rightly considered branch themselves forth into these three particulars The Macedonian Lacedemonian Chorean The Macedonian is a Counter-march of gaining ground for that it leaveth the ground it formerly stood upon and in lieu thereof taketh the ground before the Front and turneth their Aspects unto the Reer The Lacedemonian is a Counter-march of losing ground for that it leaveth the ground it first stood upon and in room thereof taketh the ground which is behind the Reer thither likewise altering the Souldiers Aspects The Chorean is a Counter-march maintaining ground keeping the ground the Battalia formerly stood upon every Souldier taking anothers place it likewise turns the Aspect towards the Reer Thus you see for all their great variety which latter ages have invented they consist but of three sorts or kinds either maintaining gaining or losing of ground and may be performed as I said before either by intire or divisional Counter-marches It may now be expected that I declare unto the Souldier the meaning of each particular Counter-march briefly therefore thus Files counter-marching is when every Souldier followeth his Leader Ranks counter-marching is when every Souldier followeth his side-man whether it be to the right-hand or to the left Front and Reer-half-files counter-marching is sometimes when every particular Souldier followeth his Leader or Bringer-up or else when they follow their Half-file-leaders or their Bringers-up of the Front-half-files or the like Right and left Half-ranks counter-marching is when every Souldier in the Rank followeth the outmost men upon the right and left or when they shall follow their inside right and left-hand-men or the like What hath hitherto been spoken may be sufficient both for the instruction and direction of any discreet Souldier I come in the next place to set them all before them as they lie in Order CHAP. LI. Intire Counter-marching of Files Command FIles to the Right Left Hand Counter-march maintaining ground Direction File-leaders turn off upon the ground you stand the rest moving up successively into the File-leaders place turning off until the Bringers-up come up into the Front after face to your Leader Command File-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders face to your Leader Command File-Leaders face to the Reer the rest pass through to the right or left following your Bringers-up and placing your selves behind your Leaders face all to your Leader Command File-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders following your Bringers up Command Files to the right and left Counter-march losing ground placing your selves before your Bringers-up Direction Every File-leader turn off upon the ground he stands on the rest successively doing the same until they come to the last Rank who need do no more then face about after face all to their Leader Command The last Rank stand the rest pass through to the right or left placing your selves behind your Bringers-up every man following his Leader Direction File-leaders turn off to the right or left the rest following successively until they are all clear of the Reer then face to their Leader Command Bringers-up stand the rest face about pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Bringers-up Command Bringers-up face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Bringers-up Direction Face all to the Reer and begin the Motion with the second Rank from the Reer moving forward every man placing himself before his Bringer-up to your Leader Command Counter-march your Front and Reer into the midst Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left Front Half-files turn off to the right to your Leader Command Front and Reer Half-files Counter-march to the right or left Direction This is to be done distinctly the Front half-files turning off to the right by themselves the Reer half-files turning off in like manner face to your Leader Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and half-file-leaders Command Counter-march your Front and Reer half-files to the right and left from the midst Direction Front half-files face about and turn off to the right Reer half-files turn off to the left to your Leader Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and your half-file-leaders to your Leaders Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and half-file-leaders every man following his Bringer-up and the Bringers-up of the Front half-files Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and half-file-leaders following your Bringers-up Direction The File-leaders and the Half-file-leaders being first faced are to stand and the Bringers-up of the Front and Reer-half-files are to move forwards until they be cleer of the standing part after they are to face to the Reer which being ended they are again to face to the Front CHAP. LII Divisional Counter-marching of Files Command FIle-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction Half-files face about the Counter-march being ended and faced again to the Front command them to
move forwards and close their Divisions Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The two last Ranks from the Reer face about and then they are to begin the Motion together which being ended face them to the Front and the Half-files are to move forward and to close their divisions Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction Half-files face about this Motion is begun by the Bringers-up of each Division which being ended they are to face to their Leader the Half-files moving forwards closing their Divisions Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction The two last Ranks from the Reer face about this Motion is begun by the Bringers-up of each Division who are to lead away the rest following until they be clear of the Front and Reer and after to face about placing themselves behind their Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files then facing to the Front the Half-files moving forwards closing their Divisions Command Counter-march to the right and left your Front and Reer-half-files from the midst losing ground every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Front-half-files face about and turn off to the right and the Half-file-leaders turn off to the left and march cleer of the Front and Reer and after the File-leaders the Bringers-up are but to face about and the Counter-march will be ended then face the Half-files to the Front let them move forward and close their Divisions Command Front and Reer-half-files interchange ground to the right or left marching cleer each from other Direction Front-half-files face about and pass through to your own right hands until you be cleer six foot of each other then face to the Front the Half-files moving forwards and closing their Divisions Command Front and Reer-half-files Counter-march to the right and interchange ground Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the right and Front-half-files at the same time doing the like moving forwards until they be cleer one of another six foot then facing to their Leader close their Divisions CHAP. LIII Intire Counter-marches of Ranks Command RAnks to the right-hand counter-marching maintaining ground Direction Face to the right the Right-hand-file that was turn off to the right the rest moving up into the same ground turning off likewise to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right face to the right the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Right-hand-men Direction Face to the right and pass through as before exprest to your Leader Command The Right-hand-file face to the left the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your right-hand-men Direction Face to the right and move forwards and place your selves behind your right-hand-men to your Leader Command Ranks to the left-hand counter-march losing ground Direction The outmost is to turn off to the left about until he hath brought his Aspect unto the right Flank and so consequently all the rest moving still forwards until they have gained upon the outside of the right Flank so much ground as they have lost or that they have placed themselves before their right-hand-men by following their left-hand-men face to your Leader Command The Right-hand-file face to the left the rest pass through to the right following your left-hand-men and placing your selves behind your Right-hand-file Direction The outmost File upon the left face to the right and march through the Intervals towards the right Flank and when he is moved away the rest upon the left are successively to do the same until they have in lieu of that ground they formerly stood gained so much upon the out-file of the right Flank then facing about toward the left Flank after face to your Leader Command Ranks to the left-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Direction Face to the left and the left-hand-file that was turn off to the left on the same ground he stands the rest moving up successively doing the same to your Leader Command The left-hand-File stand the rest face to the left pass through and place your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Direction The left-hand-File face to the left the rest pass through to the left and place your selves before your left-hand-men to your Leader Command The left-hand-File face to the right the rest face to the left pass through to the left and place your selves behind your left-hand-men Command The left-hand-File face to the left the rest pass through to the left and place your selves before your left-hand-men following your right-hand-men Direction Face all to the left and the outmost Files upon the right move forward upon the left the rest successively doing the same until you have all placed your selves before your left-hand-men to your Leader Command The left-hand-file face to the right the rest face to the left pass through to the left and place your selves behind your left-hand-men following your right-hand-men Direction The right-hand-File that was is to begin this Motion the rest are consequently to follow until they have gained as much ground on the outside of the left Flank as before they lost after face about to the right and after to their Leader Command Ranks to the right-hand counter-march every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man by following his right-hand-man Direction The left-hand-file stand the outmost File upon the right is to turn about to the right until he hath brought his aspect to the left Flank then moving forward until he be clear of the second File after the rest are to do the like forsaking the ground they stood upon and in lieu thereof to gain so much upon the outside of the left Flank placing themselves on the outside of their left-hand-men their aspects being to the Front Or you may command the outmost File upon the right to face to the left and so begin to lead until he be clear of the second File the rest doing the same until they have all placed themselves on the outside of their left-hand-men their aspects being to the Front which I conceive to be the easier way Command Counter-march your Flanks into the Midst Direction Face to the right and left outward right Flank turn off to the right left Flank turn off to the left until they meet in the midst to your Leader Command Right and left half-ranks Counter-march to the right or left Direction Face all to the right the right Half-ranks are to turn off to the right by themselves and the left Half-ranks in l ke manner to your Leader Command The outmost File upon
the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank stand the rest face to the right pass through and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men face to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the right and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right-hand-men face all to the right and the motion being ended face to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the left and stand the rest face to the right pass through and place your selves behind your right-hand-men to your Leader Direction For these three last Counter-marches is for the moving part to begin to Counter-march who are the next Files of the standing part and so to follow successively until they have performed the command and after to face to their Leader Command The right-hand-file of the left half-rank and the outmost File upon the right stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the out side of your right-hand-men following your outmost Files Direction The outmost Files are to face to the right and to lead away until they be clear of the next who likewise are to follow successively Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the right and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right-hand-men Direction Face all to the right and the outmost Files that were are to begin the motion placing themselves before their right-hand-men the rest following successively to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the left and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your right-hand-men Direction The outmost Files are to turn about until they have brought their aspects unto the right Flank then move away until they be clear of the second File and in like manner they are to turn off doing the same until they have placed themselves behind their right-hand-men then facing to the left about and after to their Leader to even their Ranks and straighten their Files Command Counter-march your right and left Half-Ranks from the midst Direction Face inward right Half-ranks turn off to the right left Half-ranks turn off to the left to your Leader CHAP. LIV. Divisional Counter-marches of the right and left Half-ranks Command THe outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men Direction The rest face outward and begin the motion by the next Files the others following in order after to close their Files into the Midst to open Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face outward and stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves before your outside men Direction The rest are to face outward and the next Files unto them that first faced are to begin the motion placing themselves before their outside men after face to their Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face inward the rest pass through and place your selves behind your outside men Direction The rest are to face outward and to pass through to the right and left placing themselves behind their right and left-hand-men and after to move forward and close their Divisions and face to their Leader Command The outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men following your inmost Files Direction The inmost Files are to begin the motion moving away to the right and left until they be clear of their second Files and then they are to move away successively until they have all placed themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men and then close files into the midst to open Order Command The outmost Files upon each Flank face outward the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves before your right and left-hand-men following your inmost Files Direction The rest are likewise to face outward and the inmost Files are to begin the motion the rest following in order until they have placed themselves before their outside men after face to the Front and close Files into the midst to open Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face inward the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves behind your outside-men following the inmost Files Direction The rest are to face outward the inmost Files begin to move forward to the right and left the rest consequently do the same until they all stand behind their outside-men then facing to the right and left about closing their Divisions by moving forwards after face to the Front Command Counter-march your right and left Half-ranks from the midst losing ground and placing your selves before your outside-men Direction Face inward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right and Left-half-ranks turn off to the left and move forwards until you have placed your selves before your outside-men after face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open order Command Right and Left-half-ranks interchange ground Direction Face inward and pass through to your own right-hand until you be cleer six foot each of other after face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open order Command Right and left half-ranks Counter-march to the right and left and interchange ground Direction Face outward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right Left-half-ranks turn off to the left and march clear each of the other after face to the Front and close Files inward to open order Thus much may suffice to be spoken of all the several sorts and kinds of Counter-marches which if any shall conceive my pains fruitless in culling out such plenty and variety there being so few of them practised among able and knowing Souldiers my best apology will be The high and venerable esteem I had of Antiquity necessitated me thereunto as also to give full satisfaction to the Leaders of our private Meetings who of late have laboured to inure their Souldiers in the full practice thereof made me the willinger rather to undergo the censure of some then to incur the displeasure of many Yet by the way give me leave fully to declare my self concerning the use of them for my opinion is that of all the Motions tending to Martial Discipline these may the best be spared as being of little use and not so much as practised abroad upon service and therefore the fewer of them any Leader shall use in his Exercise in my judgement he doth the better not spending time in needless speeches telling of his Souldiers that this is the Macedonian this is the Lacedemonian or Chorean Counter-march Not to
lie under the censure my self of mispending time I come therefore briefly in the next place to treat of Wheelings being a subject more profitable for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LV. Of Wheelings with their several uses HAving proceeded thus far in shewing all the several sorts and kinds of Military Motions it will now in the next place be expected that I speak somewhat of Wheelings and as formerly so now to set before the Souldier their several kinds and uses Wherefore take notice of two sorts Wheelings Angular and VVheelings on the Center which latter is commonly called the Prince of Orange his VVheeling being acted or performed by the Souldier two several ways that is to say Intire or Divisional Intire VVheelings to the Angles are when the Souldiers turn their Aspects from the Front proper to either of the Flanks or Reer whereby they may gain the VVind or Sun or some like advantage bringing their best Souldiers thither for to encounter an Enemy For the better performance of this Motion it will be convenient to close Ranks and Files into the midst to order and to keep their due distance both in Rank and File observing in their Ranks their right and left-hand-men following their Leaders always conforming themselves in their Motion to the most commendable Posture which is Pikes advanced Muskets poysed Wheeling the Battail on the Center is when they are so straightened with ground that they have not room to wheel to the right or left as in the former which gaineth as much more ground before the Front as formerly they stood on This Wheeling brings their best Souldiers to either of the Flanks or Reer I could wish that this Wheeling were more often practised amongst us for by it the Souldiers are better kept together in their Motion being not so apt to flie out as in the former Divisional Wheelings provided they have sufficient number of men are of singular good use to encounter several Enemies at one and the same time which the Front of our Battalia bringing our best Souldiers for to skirmish with them It is likewise useful to bring either Arms into Front Reer or both the Flanks for suppose the Muskettiers to be upon the Flanks and fearing a desperate charge of the Horse to fall upon them by a Division of Wheeling the Pikes are thither brought to receive their on-set and in the mean space the Muskettiers have time to recruit their Bandiliers again Much more might be spoken but my intent is not to fill my Book with impertinent discourses knowing what is already spoken is sufficient for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LVI Intire Wheelings Command WHeel your Battail to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The right or the left-hand-men in the Front are the hinges of these Motions the rest have a greater compass to march then they to bring their Aspects unto the place commanded following their Leaders Command Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The Left-half-ranks moveth forwards wheeling to the right and the right Half-ranks contrariwise faceth to the left side-wise falling backward moving still unto the place commanded CHAP. LVII Divisional Wheelings Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Reer Direction Open from the midst to convenient distance and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer open from the midst and wheel inward to the Front Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the right Flank Direction Face to the right Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the left Flank Direction Face to the left Command VVheel the Body inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the left Flank Command Wheel the body inward to the right Flank from the left Direction Face to the left and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the right Flank Command VVheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division Direction Half-files face about Front Reer-half-files turn off by Division Command Wheel your Front and Reer-half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Ranks Command Wheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel Front and Reer-half-files inward both to the Front and Reer from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open from the midst to convenient distance and wheel inward into Front and Reer Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division Direction Face outward and wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Face outward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Files Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and cause them to move backward to convenient distance to wheel off by Division from the midst of Files Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to both Flanks from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to both Flanks Command Wheel the outward Angles to the right and left about to the Center Direction Face to the outward Angles and close Ranks and Files to close order and the Angles on the right turn off to the right the Angles on the left turn off to the left Command Wheel the inward Angles to the right and left about inward from the Center Direction Face to the inward Angles or to the Center and wheel about to the right and left inward from the Center These are all the intire and divisional Wheelings that have hitherto been practised by any according to my best observation there are other Wheelings which may properly be term'd Doublings which I have placed amongst the Doublings where they more properly belong Now if any shall demand of me a reason why I have omitted the Reducements to each particular Command my answer thereunto is easie for as in the Counter-marches so in these they may be reduced by three or four words of Command except a Commander shall of set purpose keep them off from the same to make some experiment After any wheeling is performed face them after to the first Front and command them to even their Ranks and straighten their Files they will
placing your selves before your Leaders Command Half-files double your Front to the right they are reduced CHAP. IV. Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIle-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders Command The Right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up Command The outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves before your outside-men Direction Face outward and pass through to the right and left placing your selves before the outmost Files to your Leader and close your Divisions to open Order Command Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers-up Direction The five first Ranks are to face about the next Rank to the Reer is first to begin the Motion the rest are successively to follow until the Leaders are become the Bringers-up Command The Left-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the left and place your selves on the out side of your left-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders and Bringers-up Direction The first and the two next Ranks from the Reer face about the two first Ranks from the Front and the two last Ranks from the Reer move forwards placing your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up face to to your Leader and close your Divisions Command The outmost File upon each File face inward the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves behind your right and left-hand-men CHAP. V. Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Front-half-files inward into the midst and double your Reer inward intire Direction Half-files face outward and march cleer of the standing part after face to the Reer Front-half-files open from the midst to open Order after Wheeling to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks double the depth of the Battail by Wheeling into the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel to the left and Left-half-ranks wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel off the Front-half-files and double the Reer by division Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel off by Division moving down even with the Reer to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank to the right intire Direction Face outward and Right-half-ranks wheel about to the left and move away and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling into the Front and Reer Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front and Reer-half-files wheel to the right and left inward face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank by Division Direction Face outward and Left-half-ranks wheel off by Division and move even with the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Front to the right intire Direction Half-files face about and wheel to the left until you have ranged even with the Front Command Wheel your Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel about to the right and left Half-ranks wheel about to the left and move down to the Reer face to your Leader and close into the midst to order Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the left intire Direction Face outward Left-half-ranks wheel about to the right and move forward and double the right Flank to the left intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-Half-files and double the Reer to the left intire Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel about to the right move down and range even with the Reer face to your Leader reduceth them CHAP. VI. Six Figures of Battail with several Firings thereunto belonging Command RAnks and Files close to order they will stand us underneath is set forth from which we will draw our Figures after we have fired upon this Platform three or four times Command Double your Files inward intire advancing The first firing Let the first two Ranks advance forward ten paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left placing themselves before the Front of Pikes the next two Ranks and so the rest successively doing the like until they have Fired once over which reduceth them The second firing Let the first Rank advance three paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest doing the like until all have Fired once over as before The third firing Let them give Fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and Flank the Pikes The fourth firing Let them Fire even with the Front and fall in with the Reer of the Pikes which being ended let the Pikes charge on Reducement Muskettiers double your Front by Division Command The first two Ranks stand the rest face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader the two last Ranks move outward side-ways two paces The first firing Let every Division give Fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them advance forwards until they be cleer of the Pikes give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after moving down into their places Command Front-division advance forward three paces the two next Divisions move outward one pace Pikes in each Division face about and move two paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forwards and range even in Front and Reer with the Middle-divisions of Pikes the first Rank of Pikes in the Front-division move three foot cleer of the standing part The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them give Fire to Front Reer and both Flanks altogether Direction Reer-divisions face outward the last Rank of Pikes and Muskettiers of the Front-division face to the Reer the last Rank of Muskettiers move down cleer of the Reer and close inward to order then last the Pikes port and after the Muskettiers have Fired charge on then retreating into their places again Command The first and the last Rank of Pikes face about and move down cleer of the Reer and close Ranks forwards to order outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about move down and flank your own divisions of Pikes The first Division of Pikes move forward and range even abrest with your own Division of Muskettiers the Front-division of Muskettiers closing into the midst to order The first firing Let the Front-division give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right
and left move down and Flank the Reer-division of Pikes The second firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down upon the inside of the next division of Pikes and after face to their Leader The third firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move up into the room of the former and Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again the Muskettiers on the inside moving up into their places again The fourth firing Let the Reer-division face about then let them Fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves let the Pikes charge and after ordering their Arms their Reer-division facing to their Leader the Muskettiers thereof may move up into their places again Command The outmost divisions face outward and move two paces face to your Leader move up until you range even abrest with the second divisions next the Front Reer-division move streight forward two paces The first firing Let them all give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers advance forwards until they be cleer of the Front-division and then rank outward and Fire altogether after filing inward as they were move down again into their places the Pikes at the same time charging and after order their Arms. Command Front-division advance forward three paces the outmost division upon the Flanks move up and range even with the Front The first firing Direction for the same let them all face to the Reer and the middle-division of Muskettiers move forwards and flank the Reer-division of Pikes after let all the Muskettiers advance forwards three foot cleer of their own divisions of Pikes and give Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after facing about move into their places again The second firing Let them Fire as they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes in the Reer may charge on and after facing to their Leader Command The outmost divisions face inward march three paces and the next two divisions face outward and move two paces to your Leader Reer-division move outward until you stand streight with the Front-divisions The first firing Let the Front-Division of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after moving down in the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front firing in like manner moving down and exchanging places with them in the Reer The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move forward even with the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move down into their places again and face to their Leader The third firing Let them face to the Front reer and both Flanks and let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers give fire The fourth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes charging whilest the Muskettiers make ready again The fifth firing Let the Pikes charge at foot and the Muskettiers give fire over their heads then recovering their Arms face to their Leader Reducement Front-Divisions face about Front and Reer-Divisions march and interchange ground to your Leader The out-most Divisions face inward and close your Divisions to your Leader even your Ranks and streighten your Files and close to Order they are reduced The Captain may now command the Muskettiers to poyse their Arms and file away to the right and left making as it were a Street or Gallery for him to troop away the Pikes and lodge his Colours CHAP. VII The second Exercise with four Files six deep THe Souldiers being the second time summoned to appear at their place of Rendezvous the Sergeants having drawn forth the Files may give liberty to the Leaders thereof to exercise them in their several Postures which being ended their Captain or other Officers may command them to lead up their Files and to joyn them into a Body after which he may shew unto them their Distances and Facings with their several kinds following the former rule and after proceed to these or the like Doublings following CHAP. VIII Eighteen several Doublings with their reducements Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your files to the right intire advancing Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right intire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face all to the right and left-half-ranks move forward and double your right Flank to the left to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left intire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank intire advancing Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank inward intire Direction Half-files of the right half-ranks face about right half-ranks move cleer of the standing part face all to the right left half-ranks move forwards into the right Flank to your Leader Command The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middle-most intire to the left Flank Direction The three first and the three last face to the left march cleer of the standing part face inward move and close your Divisions to your Leader Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank to the right Direction Face all to the left and right half-ranks move forwards and double your left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right intire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank inward intire Command The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middle-most Ranks intire to the right Flank Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank intire advancing Command Front half-files double your Reer to the left intire Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Direction Half-files face about File-leaders turn off to the left and move down upon the right of the Reer the rest following successively to your Leader Command Files double your Depth to the left intire they are reduced being faced to their Leader CHAP. IX Twelve several Counter-marches with their reducements Command FIles to the right hand countermarch losing ground Command Ranks to the right hand counter-march losing ground Direction Face all to the right Command Front and Reer half-files inter-change ground Direction Front half-files face about to the left Command Right and left half-ranks inter-change ground Direction Face inward Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right a place your selves behinde your Leaders face to the Front Command Counter-march your Front and Reer into the midst Command Counter-march your Flanks into the midst Face out-ward Command File-leaders and Half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Half-file-leaders Direction The second Rank from the Front and from the
Half-file-leaders are to begin the Motion placing themselves as before commanded Command The out-most File upon the right and the second File from the stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the out-side of your right-hand men Command Files to the left-hand counter-march losing ground Command Front and Reer half-files counter-march to the right Direction Front and Reer half-files turn off distinctly by your selves on the ground you stand face to your Leader Command Right and left Half-ranks counter-march to the right Direction Face to the right and right and left Half-ranks turn off distinctly to the right face to your Leader they are reduced CHAP. X. Twelve several Wheelings with their Reducements Command WHeel your Reer Half-files inward into the midst and double the Front inward intire Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to double distance Reer half-files face about and wheel your Reer inward into the midst moving forward doubling the Front inward intire Command Wheel off your Right half-ranks and double your left Flank to the left intire Direction Face outward right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and double your left Flank to the left to your Leader Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Length of your Battail by wheeling outward to the Front Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel to the left and left Half-ranks wheel to the right and after close Files into the midst to order Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank by Division Direction Face outward right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and left outward moving forward doubling the left Flank to the right left outward Command Wheel your left Half-ranks inward into the right Flank Direction Face outward and open from the midst to double distance the Front and Reer half-files and after the left Half-Ranks may wheel inward and double the right Flank inward intire Command Wheele off your Reer Half-files and double your Front to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel your right Half-ranks inward into the midst and double the left Flank inward entire Direction Face outward and Front and Reer Half-files that were are to open from the midst to double distance and right Half-ranks wheel inward and move forward into the left Flank Command Wheel off your Reer Half-files and double your Front to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left Half-ranks and double your right Flank by Division Command Wheel off your Front Half-files and double your Reer to the right entire Half-files face about Command Double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling Front and Reer into the midst of each Division Direction Front Half-files move forward four paces then the last Rank of each Division face about and wheel into the midst of Front and Reer of each Division face to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front Half-files and double your Reer to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel your Battail off by Division from the Reer Direction Face all about and right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and left outward to the Front and closing Files into the midst to Order they will be reduced as at first and stand as underneath is set forth CHAP. XI Several plain Firings upon this Exercise of 24 men with Figures of Battail belonging to the same A Commander having thus passed over the Motions may next prepare for Firings and calling up his Serjeants he may give them order how the Muskettiers shall fire in Front and Reer but before he begin his Firings it will be expedient that he double his Front to the right and left inward by the Bringers-up which being ended he may proceed as followeth The first Firing Let them fire by Divisions drawn forth ten paces before the Front of Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves The second Firing Let them fire again and fall off to the right and left moving down before the Front of Pikes and closing their Divisions The third Firing Let the first Rank kneel down the next stoop and the last stand upright and give fire altogether the Pikes in the mean time are to advance their Arms and open to the right and left charge on to the Front until they be clear of the Muskettiers and then face inwards and close their Divisions then facing all about they may give fire to the Reer marching The fourth Firing Let the last Rank face about to the left and give fire and fall off to the right and left placing themselves before their Leaders of their own Divisions of Muskettiers The fifth Firing Let them face about to the left again give fire and fall off to the right and left and flank their Pikes the Pikes at the same instant facing about and charge on clear of the Muskettiers the Muskettiers after facing inward and close their Divisions the Pikes may charge to the Horse and the Muskettiers may give fire over their heads after this manner The sixth Firing Let the first Rank stoop and the other two stand upright and give fire altogether after recovering of their Arms they may all face to the Front commanding the Pikes to double the Front inward entire and afterwards Files to double their Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up closing Files into the midst to Order and wheeling about into the first Front he may proceed as followeth Command Front Half-files advance forwards three paces the middle Rank of each Division face outward and move clear of the standing part face to your Leader The first Firing Let the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front fire and fall off in the Reer of themselves after facing about move down and interchange ground with them in the Reer they at the same instant moving up firing and in like manner interchanging ground with them in the Reer and at the same time the outmost men are to move up and fire to the Front and to fall off to the right and left into the place of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up and firing in like manner this firing may be continued twice over The second Firing Let them face to both the Flanks and let the Divisions of Pikes in the midst open outward until they be clear of the standing part then Porting let the Muskettiers give fire on the same ground they stand and the Pikes after may charge on until the Muskettiers make ready again and then retreating into their places again the Muskettiers may give fire as before is mentioned the Pikes in like manner charging on then retreating to their places face all to their Leader Command Inmost Divisions of Pikes move to the left one pace and double to the right File-wise and face to Front and Reer and march three paces middle File of Front and Reer-Divisions open from the midst to double Distance face to your Leader The first firing Face to Front and
before his Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left into the Reer face all about Command Double your Files to the right advancing Reducement Files rank to the right into the Front Ranks file eight to the right reduceth them Next followeth to make every man File-leader according unto dignity with their Reducement Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Files double your depth to the right Command Ranks to the right double Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the right by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the left by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command The two first and the two last Ranks double the four middlemost Ranks to the right following your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The four middle-ranks stand the File-leaders are to turn off to the right and the next Rank is to follow them until the Leaders Rank even with the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and at the same instant of time the Bringers-up are to move forward to the right the rest following until the Bringers-up range even abrest with the Half-file-leaders to your Leader Command Files double your depth to the left Reducement Half-files double your Front to the right Bringers-up double your Front to the right Then divide every four Files distinctly apart making five divisions Files double to the right and left inward in each division and close Files into the midst to Order Files double to the left intire advancing reduceth CHAP. XXVIII Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIles to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left and Front-half-files turn off to the right until they meet the Front and Reer into the midst to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks Counter-march into the midst of Files Direction Face outward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right Left-half-ranks turn off to the left to your Leader Command Files to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground by following your Leaders Command Ranks to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files to the right and left following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction Half-files face about the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and the Half-file-leaders are to begin the motion the rest are to follow until they have gained so much ground beyond the Front and Reer as they formerly possest in the midst to your Leader and close your divisions Command Counter-march your Half-ranks to the right and left by following of the inmost files Direction Face outward the inmost Files are to begin the motion moving forward the rest following until they have gained so much ground beyond the Flanks as they formerly possessed in the inmost Files to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order they are reduced CHAP. XXIX Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Command Wheel the body off by Division from the right Flank face to the right Command VVheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer face about Command VVheel the body off by division from the left Flank Command VVheel your Battail inward to the Reer from the Front Close Ranks forward to close Orderr and Files into the midst to close Order Direction Open outward to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face about and open to convenient distance and wheel inward into the Front Command VVheel your battail inward to the right Flank from the left Command VVheel the outward Angles of Front and Reer to the right and left about into the Center face to the outward Angles Command VVheel the inward Angles to the right and left about from the Center CHAP. XXX Plain Firings and Figures of Battail IN the next place I will proceed to some plain firings wherefore first double your Ranks forward to the left by Half-files and fire even with the Front of Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves then fire and fall between the Pikes then move forth after this manner one Rank drawn forth to the right and another to the left fire and fall in again as before Then command the first Rank to stand and the rest to move forth both Pikes and Muskettiers to the right and left until each Rank be cleer of other then let the Pikes charge and Muskettiers give fire altogether and after fall behind each Rank of Pikes then let the Pikes charge at Foot and let the Muskettiers give fire over their heads after let Pikes port and let the Muskettiers come forth again and give fire by extraduction and after command the Ranks to face to the right and left inward and to close their Divisions then let the Muskettiers move forth again into their first places and Flank their Pikes And having passed over some half a dozen firings after this manner then command Half-files to double their depth to the right intire and proceed to Figures of battail and firings which comes in the next place to view for a Leader to spend his time further in the exercising of his Souldiers therein Command Half-files face to the Reer and march six paces to your Leader Half-files of Muskettiers of each Division face to the Reer Muskettiers march all until you be cleer of the Pikes to your Leader The two middlemost Ranks of Pikes of each division face outward and move cleer of the Muskettiers to your Leader The first and third Ranks of Pikes in the body face to the Reer and close Ranks into the midst to Order the following Figure will appear The first firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest of the Divisions moving up into their ground and fire wheeling off to the right and left having all fired over once they will be reduced The second firing Let the four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the Pikes then face to their Leader then let the eight last divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face to the Reer then let them fire to Front and Reer falling in the Reer of themselves there being intervals for the Pikes to move forward upon
place your selves before your Leaders Command The right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left Front-half-files turn off to the right to your Leader Command Countermarch your Flanks into the midst of Files face outward Command Files to the right hand Countermarch maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left hand Countermarch losing ground Command Countermarch your Front and Reer half-files from the midst of Ranks maintaining ground Direction Front-half-files face about and turn off to the left the rest turn off to the right every man moving up into his Leaders ground to your Leader Command Countermarch your right and left half-ranks from the midst of Files losing ground Direction Face inward and turn off every Rank on the ground they stand face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open Order they are reduced CHAP. XXXIV Eight entire Doublings by Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank entire to the left Face outward Command Wheel off your Reer half-files and double your Front to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double your left Flank to the left entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double the left Flank to the right entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank to the right entire Face outward CHAP. XXXV Plain Firings and Figures of Battail The first firing LEt the two outmost Files of Muskettiers upon each Flank advance ten paces before the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into their places again then face to their Leader Then let the next two Files upon each Flank move away in like manner and fire as the former did and move down into their places again After let the other remaining Files be led forth by the other two Serjeants and give fire as before and fall back again into their places The second firing Let two Serjeants draw four Files upon each Flank and move them away 10 or 20 paces before the Front and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places And whilest they are moving down let the other two Serjeants draw forth the remaining four Files upon each Flank and fire as the former did and after return again into their places The third firing Let all the Muskettiers move forth cleer of the Pikes and let them open from the midst until they stand in four Divisions leaving sufficient intervals for their wheeling into the Reer of themselves first let them fire in each Division falling in the Reer of themselves until they have all fired over two or three times after this kind The fourth firing Let them close their Files before the Front of Pikes into the midst to Order then let the two first Ranks kneel down the next two stoop and the last two stand upright and give fire six Ranks all together then let the left half-ranks of Muskettiers be wheeled about to the left into the Reer of the Pikes and the right half-ranks move to the left until they stand straight before the Front of Pikes The fifth firing Let the half-files face about and let them give fire to Front and Reer after this manner by two Ranks drawn off ten paces before the Front and Reer and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves then facing about let them open outward and give way for the next two Ranks to come forward into their places who are to fire and fall off as the former did the other two Ranks doing the same This firing may be continued as long as the Leader pleaseth The sixth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let them rank outward into Front and Reer and give fire all together and rank again as they were The eighth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and flank the Pikes those in the Front flanking the Pikes on the right they in the Reer flanking them on the left after let the Pikes charge on and being retreated into their places let them face all to their Leader and in the next place proceed to Figures of Battail Command Files open outward to open Order Ranks open backward to your open Order then let every four Files close outward to Order and Ranks close to Front and Reer to Order they will stand in twelve Divisions as followeth Command The two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face about inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in Front and Reer move forward clear of the standing part and stand Pikes face outward Muskettiers upon the Flanks face inward the rest face about to the right move all two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the reer of themselves then wheel off to the right left into the room of them in the reer they at the same time moving up into their ground firing falling off in like manner as before Then let the Front-divisions upon the Flank fire fall in the reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left into the ground of those divisions that stand in the reer of them they at the same time relieving them firing and falling off as before then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat into their places The second firing Let them face to Front and Reer and let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheeling off to the right and left and interchange ground with the next Divisions who are at the same instant of time to move up into their places and to give fire in like manner and to fall off and return where they were before then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and after retreat into their places and face all to their Leader Command The four last Divisions next to the Reer both of Pikes and Muskettiers face about move down and range even abrest with the Reer Reer-divisions of Muskettiers that are faced to the Front move forward and place your selves three foot short of the next Divisions that stands before you to your Leader Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left and range
even abrest with the next divisions yet keeping themselves distinctly from the other divisions Then let those divisions of Muskettiers that stood in the Reer of them move forward into their ground and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down again into their first places then let those that first fired move up again into their ground and let the outmost divisions begin to fire after this manner let the first divisions fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after fall off to the right and left and place themselves in the room of the Reer-divisions who are likewise to move up into their ground and there to fire and fall off as before the Pikes may after charge on and retreat back again into their places The same firings may be performed to the Reer they being thither faced but to let that pass we will fall upon the next Figure wherefore Command Divisions of Pikes move forward until your Reer-divisions range even abrest with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face inward and move streight in the Reer of the Reer-divisions of Pikes to your Leader The first firing Let the two last divisions of Muskettiers face about and the other divisions of Muskettiers to face to the right and left outward and let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let them face all to the Reer and let the Reer-divisions move forth to the right and left outward and give fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let the four first divisions of Muskettiers and the two first disions of Pikes face to the Front and let them give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves then face all to the Front and proceed farther Command The Front and Reer-divisions to move outward two paces Reer-division of Pikes upon the left face about Reer-divisions of Pikes move three foot before the Front and Reer to your Leader divisions that moved outward close inward to your first ground then they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the first divisions of Muskettiers give fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then face outward and march cleer of the standing part then face to their Leader then let every division of Muskettiers come successively into that ground fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into their places then let the Front-divisions of Pikes charge on and after retreat back into their places The second firing Let them face all to the Reer and let every division give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let half the Muskettiers and three divisions of Pikes face about to the right and give fire to Front and Reer on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat back into their places face all to their Leader Command The outmost divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move two paces to your Leader the other divisions both Pikes and Muskettiers open your Files outward to open Order the five first divisions face about the five first and the five last divisions move streight forward and interchange ground and after face to their Leader and close Files inward again to Order then lead up the two outmost divisions of Muskettiers to stand even abrest against the middle-divisions of Pikes face all to your Leader then move the two outmost divisions to the right and left inward to stand streight in the middle of the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers Upon this Figure several firings might be performed to Front Reer both Flanks and four Angles all at one and the same time but being so easie to the view I shall leave them unto the discretion of those which shall be pleased to make use of them and in the next place endeavour to reduce them Reducement Middle-divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader the five first Divisions face about the five first and the five last Divisions open Files outward to open Order and move forward and interchange ground and close Files inward again to Order outmost Divisions face about and move down again into your first places face all to your Leader Here the Captain if he please may command the Ensign to display his Colours which being ended he may proceed commanding Reer-divisions of Pikes to move forward and to place themselves in the Reer of the outmost division of Pikes upon the left in the Front then let the Front-division of Pikes move down and place themselves in the Reer of the second division of Pikes upon the right then close Pikes into the midst to Order Inmost divisions of Muskettiers move forward to Order and march up even with the Front Reer-division of Muskettiers face outward and move until they stand streight with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers then face to their Leader and close Ranks forward to Order and march up and make an even Front and close Files into the midst to Order they are reduced CHAP. XXXVI The eleventh Exercise with 24 Files six deep THe Souldiers being met at the place appointed and the Officers being vigilant and careful in their several places in drawing forth the Files and joyning them into a Body the Leader without any farther delay may crave their silence and close their Ranks and Files to Order and after some distances and facings shewn unto them drawn forth from the former Rule he may proceed to this following doubling making every man a File-leader according to succession and after reduce them again Command Ranks to the left double Command Files to the left double Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Files double your depth to the left Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Ranks to the right double Command Files to the right double Reducement Files rank to the left into the Front Rank file six to the left they are reduced CHAP. XXXVII Eight Counter-marches with their Reducement Command BRingers-up stand to the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers-up The rest face about Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Bringers-up Half-files face about Command Ranks to the left-hand counter-march maintaining ground face to the left Command Right and Left-half-ranks Counter-march from the midst of Files maintaining ground face inward Command File-leaders face about to the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leader to your Leader Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files from the midst of ranks losing ground Front-half-files
face about Command Ranks to the right hand Countermarch losing ground Command Counter-march your right and left-half-ranks every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man they are reduced CHAP. XXXVIII Eight several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel your right and Left-half-ranks inward to the midst of Files Face outward Command Wheel the battail off by division from the Reer Command Wheel the battail inward to the right Flank from the left Face to the left Command Wheel Front and Reer-half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right and Left-half-ranks by division from the midst of Files Face inward Command Wheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by division from the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about Command Wheel off your Front by division Command Wheel your battail inward to the left Flank from the right face to the right CHAP. XXXIX Plain Firings and Figures of Battail The first firing LEt them give fire to the Front by Introduction where first command to open their Files outward to open Order and then let the first Rank give fire on the ground they stand then let the next Rank move forward and place themselves before the first Rank and give fire likewise and stand and so successively every Rank is to move forward and place themselves before the Rank that fired until all have given fire this being twice performed reduceth them and is tearm'd a firing of gaining ground The second firing Let them fire by Files inward to Order and fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves The third firing Let them close their Files ranking outward into one intire Rank into the Front all at one and the same time and to File again as they were The fourth firing Let the Muskettiers double Ranks to the right and left outward and give fire three Ranks together the first kneeling the second stooping the third standing upright and after to double Files to the right and left inward The fifth firing Let them fire again and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes who may after charge on and after retreat back again into their places The sixth firing Let them face outward and give fire to both Flanks on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let the Half-files of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the standing part then let every division give fire again and fall in the Reer of themselves and then close their divisions The eighth firing Let them give fire eight Ranks together viz two kneel down two stooping two standing upright and the last two to be drawn forth and so fire them altogether The ninth firing Let the four first Ranks upon each Flank fire again and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes and let those Muskettiers face to Front and Reer and draw forth the last Rank of Muskettiers upon the Flanks to the right and left outward and place them in the midst of those intervals upon the Angles the Pikes being impaled then Fire them to Front Reer and both Flanks and four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves This firing may be continued as long as a Leader shall think fit then face about those Files standing at the Angles and move them in the Reer of those divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks from whence they were first drawn forth then let them face all to their Leader The tenth firing Let the Muskettiers in Front and Reer face outward and march cleer of the standing part then let them face to Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Front and the outmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face to the Reer then let the outmost divisions move and close ranks forward to Order and let the Pikes charge on and being retreated back again into their places face all to the Front and proceed to Figures of Battail according to the next direction Command Half-files of Pikes face about Half-files of the four outmost Files of Muskettiers face to the Reer the four outmost Files and the body of Pikes move forward cleer of the standing part to your Leader then let them face outward and move two paces then face to Front and Reer and move the like face all to your Leader and close Ranks forward and Files inward in each division they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the Reer-divisions face about then let the first divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left and fall in the room or place of the next divisions and they at the same time are to move up into their ground giving fire and falling off in like manner The second firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand in each division and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The third firing Let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move up and range even abrest with the first division then let them fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves then let those that formerly moved up face about and march down again into their places then let the Pikes charge on again as before and being retreated let them face all to both Flanks and give fire in form and manner as they did to Front and Reer The fourth firing Let the middle-divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until they be cleer of the standing part then let them all fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and the middle-divisions to move back again into their places then face to their Leader and move the inmost division of Muskettiers upon the right in the Reer to the left three paces then proceed Command Inmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer double to the right file-wise and after that division that doubled to face about and pass through the intervals of Pikes and place themselves three foot behind the Reer and the other division that was doubled to advance forward through the interval of Pikes and place themselves three foot before the Front then face to their Leader Let the second division of Muskettiers from the Front stand and all the rest move forward three paces then move the second divisions of Muskettiers to the right and left inward until they stand streight between the Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes Front-division of Muskettiers face about and let them and the Reer-division move forward and inward three paces and after face to their Leader The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right by the outmost divisions of Muskettiers and come down into
the place or room of them in the Reer and they at the same time are to move streight forward up into the Front and to give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then to wheel off to the right as the Front-divisions did until they come into their places again Then let the first outmost divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left into the ground of the Reer-divisions who at the same time are to move forward into their places and give fire and fall off as the former did The same firings may be perform'd to the Reer they being thither faced The second firing Let them face to both Flanks and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves in each division then let the Pikes charge on to both Flanks and being retreated back again into their places let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move forth cleer of the standing part then let them double Ranks to the right in each division and give fire altogether after let them double Files to the left and fire again four Ranks together two kneel down and two stand upright then let the Pikes charge on and being retreated you may farther proceed Command Front-divisions of Muskettiers face about and march into your first places face all to your Leader middle-divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the standing part Front-divisions of Muskettiers face about Front-division and Reer-division of Muskettiers move forward until you be cleer of the next divisions of Pikes that stand before you face all to your Leader and they will stand as followeth The first firing Let them face all to the right Flank and let the Front-division give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them wheel down into the Reer they at the same time moving up into their ground firing and falling off and moving down accordingly into their first places then let the other six divisions fire after this manner First the Front-divisions and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left into the Reer of their own range and the next division may move forwards into their ground give fire and fall off in like manner and so successively let every division move up into their first ground relieving each other until they have fired two or three times over in this manner The second firing Let them face to both Flanks and let the inmost divisions of Muskettiers move forth to the right and left until they be cleer of the Pikes who are to port then the Muskettiers in each division may give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again and being retreated into their places again you may proceed to another Firing The third firing Let the outmost divisions of Muskettiers face to the Front and Reer and the Pikes to the four Angles then let them give fire to Front Reer and both Flanks on the ground they stand in each division and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on to the four Angles and being retreated into their places move in the outmost divisions of Muskettiers into their places again and then face all to their Leader Command Outmost divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and left inward and march until you range in the midst of Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes to your Leader Upon the former Figure let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks move even with the Front of Pikes then let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel about to the right and left into the place of the Reer-divisions who are to move forward into their ground and to fire and fall off accordingly Then let the middle-divisions of Muskettiers in the Front move forward likewise until they range even abrest with the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then move cleer forth and wheel off to the right about into the ground of the reer-division of Muskettiers standing behind them they at the same time to move up into the Front and to give fire in like manner and to fall off accordingly until they have attained their first places Then let the three last divisions of Muskettiers and the Reer-divisions of Pikes face about and let the two middle-divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the standing part then let the Muskettiers in Front and Reer move forward cleer of the Pikes and let them fire to Front Reer and both Flanks and fall in the Reer of themselves then the Pikes may charge on to Front and Reer and being retreated back into their places the Muskettiers in Front and Reer may face about and move down again into their first ground and the Muskettiers upon the Flanks are to face inward and to move into their places where formerly they stood then face them all to their Leader and proceed Command Reer-division of Muskettiers in the midst face about middle-divisions of Muskettiers move forward three foot before the Front and Reer Division of Muskettiers in the midst upon the right face to the left Angles and move until you stand even and straight in the next range of Muskettiers the next division of Muskettiers in the midst upon the left face about and then likwise face to the left Angle and move down into the next range of Muskettiers to them and to stand streight in the Reer of the Reer-division face all to your Leader produceth the next Upon the former Figure let the six last divisions face about and let the first divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel them about to the right and interchange ground with them that stand in the Reer who just upon their wheeling about are to move up cleer of the Pikes to make them room to fall down through the middle interval into their places who also are immediately to give fire and fall off accordingly Then let the outmost divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer face them after to the Front at such time when the Pikes have retreated back into their places again Now if you will fire them to the Front the Muskettiers stand in such good order that you may fire them by divisions by their several turns as long as you please they relieving each other After you may fire them to Front Reer and both Flanks the Muskettiers standing in fit condition for the same But fearing to keep the Souldiers too long in Exercise debarring them thereby of their wonted refreshment I will hasten to the Reducement and for present lodge the Colours and conclude the eleventh Exercise Reducement Outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move six paces to your Leader The two first Divisions of Muskettiers in the midst face to the right and move clear of the Pikes then
Order and to joyn with the outmost Files when their aspects being to the outward Angles of Front and Reer let the Pikes port and Muskettiers give fire to the four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again and after retreat back into their places again The ninth firing Let them give fire again the first rank in each Division and wheel about to the right and move down into their first places where before they were drawn forth and every rank consequently fall in the reer of them then let the Pikes close into the midst to Order and face all to their Leader Command Muskettiers face to the right and left outward and move twelve paces then face to the reer and move likewise twelve paces after face to their Leader Front-half-files of each Division move forward three paces right and left half-ranks of each Division move outward two paces Front-Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers stand reer-divisions of both Arms move to the right and left outward until you be clear of the Front-divisions then close ranks and files in each Division to Order and face to their Leader they will stand in the first Figure The first firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers move forward and range even abrest with the Front of Pikes give fire and fall in the reer of themselves then face about and move down into their own ground again and face to their Leader then let the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers move in like manner as the former did and give fire and fall off in like manner and down again into their places Let the Muskettiers in the next place face outward and move three paces and after face to the Front then let the reer-divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until they range even abrest with the Front-divisions then let them give fire all together in each Division and fall in the Reer of themselves and after let the outmost divisions that moved up move down again into their places then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat into their places The second firing Let the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front move forward before the Front of Pikes and the inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front let them likewise move at the same time before the Reer-divisions of Pikes then let the Pikes port and Muskettiers in each Division give fire on the ground they stand and after fall in the Reer of themselves and those Muskettiers that formerly moved forth from their places let the Serjeants wheel them off to the right and left into their first ground and face to their Leader Command Inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face to the Reer Divisions of Pikes upon the left in the Front face about to the right Divisions that are thus faced move down three foot clear of the Reer of each Arms. Front-divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers and those that last moved face to the left and move two paces face all to your Leader and Muskettiers move forward until your middle Divisions range even abrest with the Reer-divisions of Pikes and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then wheel off to the right and left into the ground of the Reer-divisions and they at the same time are to move up into their places and to give fire and fall off accordingly into their first places Then let the middle Divisions move forward until they range even with the Front of Pikes and let them give fire and fall first in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again and face to their Leader then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat back again into their places They may fire to the Reer after the same manner as they did to the Front they being thither faced and after they have all fired face again to their Leader Command Let the four Divisions of Muskettiers upon the right move away and let the Divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of them and the four Divisions of Muskettiers on the left to fall in the Reer of the Pikes then standing straight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure let the Reer Divisions face about to the right and let the first Divisions give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them advance forward three paces and after wheel about to the right and interchange ground with the Reer-divisions and they at the same time are to move up and give fire and fall off accordingly Then let the other Divisions move forward until they range even abrest with Front and Reer give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into their places then face all to their Leader Command The four first divisions stand the rest face to the left and march cleer of the standing part then let the Pikes face to the Front and march up even abrest with the Muskettiers Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Front and move up likewise Muskettiers face inward move all three or four paces until they stand in form of the second Figure face all to your Leader Reer-division of Pikes face about and move down three foot clear of the Reer to your Leader which produceth the last Figure Upon this Figure let the Reer-division of Pikes face about and Muskettiers face outward then let Pikes port and let the first Divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and interchange ground with the Reer-divisions and face again to Front and Reer and let those that came up into their room give fire in like manner and fall off and down again into their places Then let the next Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and let the Pikes charge on and being retreated back again into their places command the two middle Divisions of Muskettiers to face to the Reer and move down and range even with the Reer then let every Division of Muskettiers give fire on the ground they stand to both flanks and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge on again and those Muskettiers that moved down into the Reer may face about and move back again into their places and face all to the Front Reducement Reer-division of Pikes advance forward to the left into the Front the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about and march clear of the Reer then face to the right and left outward and place themselves behind the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers outmost divisions of Muskettiers face inward and move straight in the Reer of the Front-divisions and let the Pikes fall in the Reer of their Front-divisions and face all to their Leader Half-files of Muskettiers double your front to the right and left inward and after
the right and left outward Direction The 12 last Divisions face outward and march clear of the standing part face to your Leader move up all even abrest and double according to command Command The 12 inmost Divisions double the six outmost to the right and left outward advancing Direction The 12 middle Divisions advance forward until you be six foot clear of the standing part then face outward and march until you stand straight before the six outmost face to your Leader and after face inward and move forward until they stand again unto eighteen foot distance from each other to your Leader Command Divisions double the Depth of the Battail to the right Direction Every even Division from the right face about to the right and move down eighteen foot clear of the Reer face to the left and move until you stand straight with those Divisions on the right which you are to double to your Leader Command The 12 last Divisions in the Reer double the Front to the right Direction The 12 last Divisions face to the right and move six paces then face to the left march forward and double the Front to the right and they will be reduced CHAP. X. Four several Wheelings with their Reducement Command DIvisions wheel about to the right and move down into the Reer Direction Front-divisions wheel about to the right and move down into the Reer the rest march up into the same ground wheeling to the right hand and following successively after face to your Leader Command Divisions wheel about to the right to the left Flank Direction Face to the right and the outmost Divisions wheel about to the right and march away unto the place of the left Flank the rest moving up into the same ground wheeling about to the right and following accordingly to your Leader Command Divisions wheel about to the right from the Reer into the Front Direction Face to the Reer and let the first Divisions wheel about to the right and move up into the Front the rest marching forward into their ground wheeling off and following in like manner Command Divisions wheel about to the right to the right Flank Direction Face all to the left and let the outmost Divisions wheel about to the right and move forward to the right Flank the rest marching up into their ground following after in the same kind reduceth them CHAP. XI Countermarches not fit to be used in the Exercising of Regiments IT might be expected after Doublings that I should shew some kinds of Countermarches amongst the Military Motions in the exercise of a Regiment but being of very little use or practise amongst Commanders in these times especially in such great Bodies and for my own part I fancy them not therefore have passed them over and pitcht upon such wheelings which by some are accounted Countermarches Whose judgements my desire is better to inform by these several reasons following wherein and in what kind they differ from them As thus by these wheelings they keep their distance in Rank and File unto Order and wheeling entire unto any hand down to the Reer cannot be performed but by gaining in the Motion before the Front and unto all places as they move so much ground as is the Length of their particular Divisions and in the execution thereof they still preserve the honour of the right and left-hand-file-leaders and all others as are concerned in their particular Divisions unto any accidental Front which they shall be brought unto Now concerning Countermarches they are to be performed either by single Files Ranks Half-files or Half-ranks and at their distance of Open Order their words of Command having relation to all these particulars Their Countermarching of Files to the Reer gaineth no ground before the Front in the Motion but only the room of one particular File upon the right it preserveth not the honour of the right and left-hand-file-leader at one time by any one word of Command unto any of their Motions to such accidental Fronts they shall make but ever loseth it to some and giveth it to others And therefore it may appear cleerly unto any ingenious capacity that the former Wheelings cannot be accounted or given in their Motions in that kinde to the Souldiers for Counter-marches but by such terms as in their place are set down In the next place I shall speak something of the great benefit or use that may be made of these sorts of Wheelings as first a Commander may use them in the Motions of Doublings to Front Reer right-flank or left or double either the length or depth of the Battail unto all needful places as occasion shall require which I shall forbear to set down but leave them to the discretion of the ingenious Souldiers practise when time and opportunity shall serve him to make use of them In the next place they are very necessary to draw off any part and to bring them unto such needful places for Service as are in eminent danger Therefore passing over for present what might be more spoken of in this kinde I come in the next place to shew one Figure of Battail to fire upon and then conclude my Exercise upon this Regiment and go on unto the rest Command Pikes close Files to the right to Order then let them in the Reer double their Front to the left intire Muskettiers advance forward until your Front-divisions exceed six foot the Front of Pikes the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front move forward 20 paces and close inward to open Order the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face about and move down six paces and close inward to open Order to your Leader Muskettiers upon the Flanks close to the Body of Pikes to open Order Middle-divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer by each Flank face about Middle-divisions of Muskettiers by each Flank move forward six foot cleer of the standing part face to your Leader and it will set forth the Figure as it stands in Folio 151. CHAP. XII Several Firings to be performed upon the former Figure and how to be managed by the several Officers THe Regiment being drawn up into the former Figure they may proceed to Firings upon it first let the Forlorns fire five or six times over being commanded by the eldest Captains Lieutenant who is to be assisted by a couple of able Serjeants after let him wheel them off to the right and left and bring them down in the Reer of the Pikes Then let the second Captains Lieutenant being assisted by two Serjeants lead up the reserves by the outside of the Pikes at such time when the Forlorns begin to come off for the better securing of them from danger upon their retreat then let them move forward to their ground and give fire in like manner falling in the Reer of themselves and after wheel them off to the right and left and bring them down in the Reer of those Muskettiers that are behind the Pikes
content themselves to learn of such who are of higher abilities And on this account the Art would be more highly prized and not only bring more Honour to the Professors thereof but even the Learners themselves would become more capable of good preferment abroad and our Military Gardens and Meetings would much more flourish and be beheld with more delight and satisfaction not only by the Souldiers themselves but all other Spectators whatsoever I do not desire to be mis-understood by this Discourse that herein I should go about to startle any ingenious Souldier or disswade him from any thing that shall be new to his Invention which is proper I shall rather incourage him and be glad to understand of him what Reason he can give for every thing he doth and of what use it may be unto the Publick and then it will admit of no controulment But vacant seasons may be used for variety and delight in making experiments of wit fancy and ingenuity provided they do not dwell too much upon them But the substantial and solid things of War are above all things to be precisely regarded without which an Army though of the most valiant men will be exposed to the greatest dangers and fall into a most certain Ruine I should here humbly offer my Advice to the most eminent Meetings in the Artillery and Military Gardens in the latter of which I was heretofore a Member and still am a true Lover and honourer both of that and all other places like unto it My advice is that on their days of publick Meeting they would have chiefly before their eyes the main Grounds and Principles in the Art of War which through permission I am perswaded would cause greater appearances and make their Ground to flourish more then ever to the Honour of our Nation and the increase of experienced and able Commanders if ever this Commonwealth should stand in further need of them And because the Ambition of some doth strive to aim at higher things in their thoughts then what is practised abroad I have thought good to set down the plain way of exercising a Company as usually it is practised in the Army our Companies consisting of one hundred men two parts being Muskettiers and a third Pikes the depth of our Files being always six deep in the Armies of England Scotland and Ireland the Company being drawn up abrest the Exercise is as followeth they standing in their closest Order in Ranks and Files First Command Open Ranks backwards to Order Command Files open to the Right to your Order Command Ranks open backward to open Order Command Files open to the left to open Order Command Ranks open backward to double Distance Command Files open outward to double Distance Command Ranks close forward to open Order Command Files close inward to open Order Command Ranks close forward to your Order Command Files close to the left to your Order Command Face to the Right as you were Command Face to the Left as you were Command Face to the Rear as you were Command Face to the Front as you were Command Face to the Center as you were Command Face to Front and Rear as you were Command Face to the Right and Left outward as you were Command Face to the Right and left inward as you were Ranks and Files being at Open Order Ranks to the Right Double Files to the Left Double Ranks to the Left Double Files to the Right Double Command Half-files Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left Command Half-files Double your Front to the Left Command Files Double your Depth to the Right Command Bringers-up Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Direction Bringers-up Double your Front to the Left Files double your Depth to the Right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the Right or Left intire as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the Right intire Command Right Half-ranks double intire the depth of your left Half-ranks Command Half-files double your Front to the Left intire Command Left Half-ranks double intire the depth of your Right half-ranks Direction The same may be done to the Rear Command Files to the Right hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Command Files to the Left hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Direction The same may be done in Ranks as also both in Ranks and Files either maintaining gaining or losing ground of these in the Army we use but little Command Wheel your Battle to the Right Command Wheel your Battle to the Left Command Wheel your Battle to the Right about Command Wheel your Battle to the Left about Command Files file to the Right or Left Command Ranks file to the Right and Left First The Muskettiers being on both flanks first firing let the first Rank stand and fire every Rank passing through before his Leader after standing and fire till all have fired over twice or four times the Pikes moving slowly in the mean time they will upon a stand be reduced as at first Secondly Bring all the Muskettiers before the Pikes then let them fire in the Front falling off and flank the Pikes upon the Right Fire upon the right flank the body marching and the Muskettiers to pass on the left flank after the Pikes may charge to the right the body moving again Let the Muskettiers fire on the left flank and fall in the Reer of the Pikes who may after charge their Pikes on the left The body marching the Muskettiers may fire in the Reer and fall off to the Right and Left and flank the Pikes as at the first the body facing about the Pikes may charge to the Reer We usually fire in the Front sometimes two ranks standing the rest passing by turns then standing after they have gained the ground before their Leaders do fire till all have fired twice other times three Ranks fire together the first kneels down the second stoops the third stands upright then falling down the three last Ranks pass through and do the like This being done twice reduces them all as at first the Pikes moving slowly this being the usual way of exercising our Companies in the Army Rich. Elton Lieut. Col. FINIS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military THE PUBLISHER To the READER HAving now an opportunity of reprinting the preceding Treatise of Military Discipline written by Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Elton containing the Discipline and Exercise of Foot-companies Regiments Brigades c. I thought it not convenient to let the Infantry March into the Field of the World any more without the Cavalry nor they without their Train of Artillery I have therefore endeavoured to make good the words of the Title namely The Compleat Body of the Art Military by adding the following Treatises wherefore to the Infantry here is added Cavalry and Instructions for them both in Posture
would say Command To the left hand Direction It is done by turning towards the left hand until their faces front to that place which was before the Reer To reduce them to their first form as that must be observed the word is Command To the right hand about as you were Command To the left hand about Command Ranks to the right double The use hereof hath been shewed before but to perform it this is the Direction Every other Rank that is every even Rank is to pass into the odd upon the right hand of his Leader the second Rank into the first and so successively To reduce them the Word is Command Ranks as you were Direction It is best done by causing those Ranks which doubled to stand and those that stood to advance Command Ranks to the left double Direction The difference of this Motion from the former is nothing but that here they which double do it to the left hand of their Leaders which before they did to their right hands as the Figure maketh it plain This done they must be reduced by commanding Command Ranks as you were Command Files to the Right Double Direction Let the second File pass into the First every man behinde his side-man accounting from the right hand the fourth into the third and so the rest which must be done through the whole Company at one instant But because the first Rank of the Troop is as the edge and the Files are for the most part appointed but five deep there seemeth no great necessity of doubling Files To reduce them the Word is Command Files to the left as you were Command Files to the left double Direction The Difference between this and the former Motion is the difference of hands only And by this means those Files which stood before must move now and they which moved before now stand as appears by the Figure They are reduced by commanding Command Files as you were or Ranks to the Right double Command Half Files to the Right hand double the Front Direction Middle Men double the first Rank on the right hand the other three Ranks double the threee following Ranks To reduce them the Word is Command Half files as you were But it is better to cause them that doubled to stand and the first Division to advance Command Half-Files to the Left hand double the Front Direction This Motion differs from the former in the hand only There is also doubling of Ranks by the Half Files entire to the right or left or both by Division but because the Files especially of Guirassiers are seldome above five deep the doubling of Ranks Half-files c. is little used The reducing of them is shewed in the former Motion Command Bringers-up to the right hand double the Front Direction The last Rank must pass into the first and so successively every one by the right hand of his Leader as in the figure It is of goood use but troublesome for the Horse to perform especially in the reducing so it may be used or omitted as shall be thought fit To reduce them Command Bringers-up as you were Command Files to the Left hand Countermarch Though it were fit to begin with the right hand yet for the convenient turning of the Horse to the left I think it not amiss to prefer the left Direction The Figure sufficiently represents the manner of the Motion which represents the Choraean manner there be also Countermarches after the Macedonian and Lacedemonian ways which for brevity are here omitted Command Files close to the right and left to your close Order Direction Being about to wheel the Troop they must be closed first the Files and then the Ranks And being to open them again the Ranks are first to be opened and then the Files All the Files close to the right and left towards the middle of the Body Command Ranks close forward to your close Order Direction All the Ranks move forward saving the first which stand The second Rank having their distance stand and so all the rest The Horse being to wheel it must be conceived that it cannot be performed by them in so exact a manner nor in so strait a room as the Foot therefore the Commander is to ride a reasonable compass that so the Horse may do it with convenience Command To the left hand Wheel Certain Authors as Melzo and Basta would have the Horse in all their Wheelings to do it by the left which is the readier way unless the ground or other hinderace will not permit it the Wheeling to the Right is here omitted which should in order go first Direction All the Body must move to the left upon the left File-leader who is the Center or Hinge upon which the whole Body turneth To reduce them Command Wheel as you were There is also Wheeling to the Right or Left about Wheeling Wings into the Front c. To reduce them into their first Order Direction First the Ranks are to be opened then the Files which bringeth them to their first form In opening of Ranks the only way is to do it by opening forward These and such like Motions are directed and commanded by the Voice of the Commander but because the Voice cannot at all times be heard especially in gross bodies by reason of the clashing of Armor trampling and neighing of Horses tumultuous sounds and noise of the Multitude and that especially in fight Antiquity hath invented helps making three kinds of Military Signs or Directions 1. Vocal which is by the Commanders Voice pronounced by the inferior Officers to the Ear. 2. Semivocal by Drum Trumpet or other Warlike instrument to the Ear. 3. Mute By Signs to the Eye as by the Ensign Standard c. The Cavalry therefore must be taught distinctly to know the Sounds of the Trumpet as when to clap on their Saddles when to mount when to repair to their Cornet when to Troop away when to give a Charge when to retreat when to attend the Watch and the like All which being the louder Voice of the Commander they must perfectly observe and obey Notwithstanding I have here propounded a Troop of 64 Horse to be exercised in their Motions and those of eight in File yet the general opinion is that a Troop ought not to be deeper then five in File though the Troop do consist of 100 Horse Every Troop must be furnished with A Captain A Lieutenant A Cornet A Quartermaster Three Corporals Two Trumpetters A Clerk A Sadler A Ghyrurgeon A Farrier When the Troop is to March they are to be divided into three equal parts according to the number of Corporals which parts are called Squadrons and distinguished by these Names The Captains Lieutenants and Cornets Squadron The first Squadron is to be led by the Captain the second by the Cornet the third by the eldest Corporal the Lieutenant and Quartermaster are to march in the Reer The manner how a Troop of 60 Horse besides Officers should March
the pains to be a good Muskettier certainly cannot be idle but hath gained something more to make him capable of such praise To conclude I shall desire the Gentlemen of the Pikes and the Gentlemen of the Muskettiers to go hand in hand in love like dear Brothers and neither of them to envy each other and in so doing God will give a blessing to their undertakings But now fearing I have dwelt too long upon this discourse of the Arms I shall next proceed to set down first the postures of the Pike then the postures of the Musket with all the words of command tending to their Motions after collect them in order in a brief way and then set forth unto you the equality of number that the one Arms hath with the other in the postures as followeth CHAP. III. The Postures of the Pike THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms. Handle your Pike to your Open Order Handle your Pike to your Order Raise up your Pike to your Close Order Charge with the But-end of the Pike at the inside of the right foot your Pike in the left hand drawing your Sword over your left arm Charge to the Front Right Flank Left Flank Reer Order your Pikes and put up your Swords This way of charging to the Horse I have set down as being practised sometimes amongst us in our private Meetings but I conceive it to be of little use to receive a desperate charge of the Horse for by these charges the Souldiers are in so lame and weak a posture that the Horse cannot choose if they come on with a full career but beat the Pikes and Pike-men down to the ground Therefore in my opinion the best way of opposing the Horse-charge is that which we learned of our ever-honoured Captain Major Henry Tillier in the Military Garden which was Files closing to the midst to their closest Order insomuch that there was not above half a foot interval of ground between File and File the Pikes Porting and after closing their Ranks forwards so close that they locked themselves one within another and then charged on Which in my judgment is so secure a way from routing that it is impossible for any Body of Horse to enter therein and farther to my best remembrance I never could meet with any Souldier that hath been a broad upon any service that ever saw any charging of the Pikes at the Foot therefore I will further proceed From Order Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Order as you were From your Order charge to the Front Right Left Reer Order as you were Advance your Pike Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Advance as you were From your Advance charge to the Front Right Left Reer Advance as you were Shoulder your Pike Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Shoulder as you were From the Shoulder charge to the Front Right Left Reer Shoulder as you were Port your Pikes Comport your Pikes Cheek Trail your pikes Comp. as you were From the Comport charge to the Front Right Left Reer comport as you were Cheek your Pikes Trail your Pikes Cheek as you were From the Cheek charge to the Front Right Left Reer Cheek as you were Trail your Pikes from your Trail charge to the Front Right Left Reer Trail as you were Order your Pikes Lay down your Pikes Here is to be observed by this Method an endeavouring to perform all the postures of the Pike from each particular posture only shortning it by degrees leaving out what was before commanded until we come unto the Trial. Yet notwithstanding I spared not the charges but have shewn them from every posture in their due order Next followeth the postures of the Musket wherein in answerableness to the Pike I shall lay them down in full and afterwards contract them in a shorter way CHAP. IV. The Postures of the Musket THE Musket lying on the ground the first word of Command will be as to the Pike Stand to your Arms Take up your Bandiliers Put on your Bandiliers Take up your Match Place your Match Take up your Rest Put the string of your Rest about your left wrist Take up your Musket Rest your Musket Here the Souldier may perform the saluting posture if he shall find any occasion so to do for the honouring of a friend or any Gentleman of worth Poyse your Musket Shoulder your Musket Un-shoulder your Musket and Poyse Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Open your pan Cleer your pan Prime your pan Shut your pan Cast off your loose corns Blow off your loose corns and bring about your Musket to the left side Trail your Rest Ballance your Musket in your left hand Find out your charge Open your charge Charge with powder Draw forth your Scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to an Inch Charge with Bullet Put your scouring-stick into your musket Ram home your charge With-draw your scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to a handful Return your scouring-stick Bring forward your Musket and Rest Poyse your Musket recover your Rest Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Draw forth your Match Blow your Coal Cock Your Match Fit Your Match Guard your Pan Blow the ashes from your Coal Open your Pan Present upon your Rest Give fire brest-high Dismount your Musket joyning the Rest to the outside of your Musket Vn-cock and return your Match Cleer Your Pan Shut Your Pan Poyse Your Musket Rest Your Musket Take your Musket off the Rest and set the Butt-end to the ground Lay down your Musket Lay down your Match Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Lay down your Rest Take off Your Bandiliers Lay down Your Bandiliers Here endeth the postures of the Musket from the taking of them up from the ground to make ready and the proceeding in them to the laying of them down again Now if the Souldier will take his Rest into his right hand for to be a support and help to him in his march he must observe the following words of command Lay your right hand upon the Butt-end of your musket The Musket being shouldered you may proceed in these words of command to recover the Rest into the right hand Lay your left arm over your musket Shift your match between the fingers of your right hand Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Return your match and take your Rest into your right hand 't will cause you to be in a fit capacity for to march CHAP. V. The Postures and Charges of the Pike to be performed in a shorter way all things acted in order and nothing done twice THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms Raise up your Pikes to your Open Order Order Close Order From your close Order charge to the Horse Front Right
first and the three last Ranks double the three middlemost Ranks to the left the three first Ranks face about and march down by your own right hands into the midst of Ranks and the three last Ranks move forwards to the midst to your own left hands face to your Leader Command Double your Files to the right by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files of the even Files from the right face to the Reer the even Files march and double the odd every man placing himself before his Leader and Bringer-up face to your Leader Reducement The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middlemost Ranks to the left every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up the three first Ranks face about to the left and move down to the midst of Rrnks by your own right hands placing your selves before your Bringers-up and the three last Ranks march forwards unto the midst placing your selves before your Leaders to your Leader Command Left half-Ranks double your right Flank by Division Direction Half-files of the left half-Ranks face about to the right the left half-Ranks move clear of the standing part after face all to the right-Flank the left half-Ranks moving forward until they have ranged even abrest with the right-Flank face to your Leader Reducement The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middlemost Ranks entire to the left-Flank the three first and the three last Ranks face to the left-Flank and move clear of the standing part after face inward march and close your Division face to your Leader CHAP. XXXVI Entire Doublings to right Flank by Wheeling Command WHeel off your left half-Ranks and double your right Flank entire to the right Direction Face outward and left half-Ranks wheel about to the left and move forward until you have doubled the right Flank entire to the right face to your Leader Reducement Wheel off your Reer half-Files and double your Front to the left entire half-Files face to the Reer and wheel about to the right and march forwards until you have ranged your selves even with the Front Command Wheel off your left half-Ranks and double your right Flank entire to the left Direction Face outward left half-Ranks wheel about to the right move forward until you have doubled the right flank entire to the left face to your Leader Reducement Wheel off your Front half-Files and double your Reer to the right entire half-Files face about and Front half-Files wheel about to the left move down and double the Reer to the right face to your Leader Command Wheel the left half-Ranks inward into the midst and double your right Flank inward entire Direction Half-files of the right half-Ranks face about right half-Ranks move clear of the standing part then face to the right and the left half-Ranks face to the left and wheeling inward into the midst moving forward until they have doubled the right Flank inward entire to your Leader Reducement In wheeling the six middle Ranks from the right Flank they must have ground sufficient for them to wheel about Wheel off from the right Flank the six middlemost Ranks and double your Front and Reer entire to the left Flank the six middle-Ranks face to the right and wheel about to the right and left moving forward until they are clear of the standing part and after facing to the Front and Reer they move again and double the Front and Reer toward the left Flank face all to your Leader march forwards and close your Divisions Or if they continue their Aspect to the right Flank then command the six middlemost Files to wheel off to the right and left and to double entire the depth of the outmost Files then face to their Leader and close their Divisions CHAP. XXXVII A Divisional Doubling to the right Flank by Wheeling Command WHeel off your left half-Ranks and double your right Flank by Division Direction Face outward and left half-Ranks wheel off to the right and left about and move forward until you have ranged even and doubled the right Flank to your Leader Reducement Wheel off the three first and the three last Ranks and double the six middlemost Ranks entire to the left Flank the three last Ranks face about and wheel to the right about moving up towards the midst of the left-Flank and the three first Ranks at the same time wheel about to the left and move down to the midst of the left Flank face to your Leader Or if they continue their aspect to the right Flank then command the outmost Files too that doubled to wheel about to the right and left inward and double entire the Depth of the inmost Files to your Leader Here endeth all the plain Doublings to the right Flank performed by several Counter-marches and Wheelings which to any ingenious Souldier are sufficient directions to know how to double the left Flank only altering the hand by the words of Command And here fellow-Souldier endeth all the several kinds of Doublings which if any shall seem hard or difficult unto thee either in their Commands Directions or Reducements thou mayst care being taken with much ease and delight perform the same And here the Captain is to take special notice when he comes to the point of Doublings that his properest way will be first to double the Front as being the most honourable part of the Body and next the Reer and after either to the right or left Flank leaving it to his discretion to use as many of them as he shall think fitting and convenient for his Exercise And although I have somewhat varied from the practise of former times in using more plenty of words of Command the ripeness and curiosity of Wits in these our days enforced me unto it for they having much refined the Military Discipline will not be pleased with ordinary stuff as to say As you were which I confess would save the Captain a great deal of pains and be more easie to the apprehension and capacity of every private Souldier for his returning back unto his place again Yet if Command should be given to double any part of the Body that Leader would quickly lie under a hard censure and be judged in most mens opinions insufficient that could not find out some other words of Command to reduce them again Endeavouring therefore to give full satisfaction to both parties I have taken the pains to set down other words of Command for Reducement whereby those which shall profess themselves curious may cull out such plenty as may best please their genius advising them withal not to presume in the exercising of their private Companies before themselves be first well verst and truly knowing in all and every of the several Commands Directions and Reducements before mentioned which being obtained they may confidently and boldly proceed so to inure their Souldiers in the practise thereof that their own knowledge in
Reer-divisions range even abrest with the Front to your Leader P. Command Front-division of Pikes upon the left face about march all until that Division be six foot cleer of the Reer then stand and Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the left and move two paces to your Leader Q. Command Front-division of Pikes face about march all until the Front-division of Pikes range even abrest with the first Division of Muskettiers to your Leader R. Command The two outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about outmost divisions of Pikes face outward move all until the outmost Muskettiers stand streight with the Front-division of Muskettiers then face to your Learder S. Reducement Divisions of Pikes face inward the three last Divisions face about march all some six paces Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the left Muskettiers face about move all two paces to your Leader Divisions move forwards and double your Front close Files inward to order and Ranks forward to order double Files to the left intire advancing reduceth them Thus much I conceive may be sufficient at one time for a Leader to exercise his Company with the motions upon their Facings so that he shall not need to trouble himself with any more then Firings Where first as is most properest we will begin with some plain Firings to the Front for the performance whereof let the Half-files double their Front to the left and Ranks and Files close forwards and inward to order The first firing Let them Fire by Divisions drawn forth ten or twentie paces and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers close their Divisions before the Front of Pikes and give Fire and fall all off upon the right Flank The third firing The Body moving or marching let the outmost Files face to the right and give Fire and lead away by the contrary side of their Pikes by the Leaders of the File the next File may do the same and consequently all the rest until all have Fired then let them face to the right the Pikes in the interim charging on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The fourth firing Let the Pikes open from the midst that the Muskettiers may come up between them two Ranks may kneel down and the other two stand upright and Fire altogether the Pikes then charging and after retreating they may close again into the midst continuing their Aspects to the right Flank the Pikes may port and the Muskettiers may slieve up upon the right and left of the Pikes the first Rank giving Fire and presently falling before the Front of Pikes the next Rank doing the same falling still behind their own Muskettiers and before the Front of Pikes as they are then faced and having all Fired after that manner they may Fire again and flank their Pikes then facing to Front and Reer they may give Fire to both places and fall off to the right and left and Flank their pikes from Front and Reer and after face to their Leader Command Files open outward to open order Muskettiers close outward to order the inmost Files of pikes close outward to order Ranks close to Front and Reer to order Reer-divisions of pikes face about Muskettiers face outward move all three paces to your Leader And now you have the Figure of battail pointed out in the first place unto you by the Alphabet The first firing Let them Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the place of those Muskettiers in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front firing in like manner and moving down into their places again The second firing Let the Reer-divisions face about and after let them give Fire both to Front and Reer and falling in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge while the Muskettiers make ready again they may Fire a second time in the same manner The third firing Face all to both Flanks then let them give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after charging on three paces and the Muskettiers retreating three paces after facing to their Leader produceth this Figure following The first firing Let the two first Divisions advance three paces before the Front give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move down into the places of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their rooms giving Fire in like manner falling down into their places again this may be perform'd twice over after face them to Front and Reer The second firing Let them give Fire their Divisions advancing three paces before the Front and Reer falling in the Reer of themselves the Pikes charging on and the Muskettiers retreating into their places again facing to their Leader Command Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the left face about Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the right face to the right Front-division of Muskettiers upon the left face to the left Muskettiers march all cleer of the Pikes then stand after face them in their several Divisions to the left and move two paces to your Leader If you finde by the words of Command given to make the former Figure that your Divisions stand too thin you may face them all to the Center and move forward every Division two or three paces then face to their Leader The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheel off to the right into the room or place of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front Firing and falling off in like manner this Firing may be performed twice The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Wings advance forward three paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move into their places The third firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers move to the right two paces Reer-division move up upon the left of them then let them all both in Front and Reer give Fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after closing forward their Divisions may charge on and after retreating into their places again the Division of Muskettiers upon the left in the Front in the mean space facing about and moving down into their places The fourth firing Let the Muskettiers face to the Front Reer and both Flanks the Pikes face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and Port then let them give Fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves Pikes may charge on to the four Angles then ordering all their Arms move the Reer-division of Muskettiers forward even with them of the Wings then face all to their Leader The first firing Let the first division Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into the Middle-rank of Muskettiers they at the same time marching up into their ground Firing and falling off in like manner
continued in the same manner until all have fired The eighteenth firing The Body still marching let them fire again after the same manner as before The nineteenth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling to the right Flank and after to rank to the right so many abrest as they were at first marching along with the Body The twentieth firing Let them fire and fall off on the contrary Flank The one and twentieth firing Let them give fire upon the gathering firing after this manner let the outmost File upon the left face to the left give fire and then face to the Front and stand until the rest be clear and then the next File to face to the left and fire and after face to the Front and then the first File may gather up even abrest upon the left of the second File then the third File may face to the left and give fire after face to the Front and stand until the other two march up on the left and joyn even abrest with him and consequently so all the rest until every File have fired and that they be all moved up even abrest with the Pikes The two and twentieth firing Let them wheel Ranks to the left and fire and after rank four to the left as they were at first and march even abrest with the Pikes The three and twentieth firing Let them fire to the left Flank Ranks inverting and after face to the Front and to rank again as they were The four and twentieth firing Let them fire by Files filing to the right and facing after to the left and fire to the left Flank and then facing to their first Front and to lead up their Files to the left again as they were The five and twentieth firing Let them fire by the outmost Files to the left Flank and lead away by the Leader up between or in the middle of Pikes The six and twentieth firing Let them face outward and fire upon a stand after this manner by Ranks dividing moving forth to the right and left and fire and fall in again into their places the Pikes may after charge on and retreat again into their places The seven and twentieth firing Let them fire by Ranks ranking outward into both the Flanks and moving forward and firing even abrest and ranking again as they were but not returning again into the midst of Pikes from whence they were drawn forth but fire to both Flanks and fall in the Reer of themselves The eight and twentieth firing Let them fire again and fall in the Reer or midst of Pikes The nine and twentieth firing Let the Pikes port and let the Muskettiers fire by Extraduction to both Flanks and return again into their places The thirtieth firing Let the Pikes open to the right and the Muskettiers move up into the midst and the first Rank give fire and slieve up to the right and left and place themselves before the Pikes the next Rank moving forward into his ground and slieving away in the Reer of them until all have fired The one and thirtieth firing Let them close their Divisions and fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The two and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Files ranking outward and filing again as they were The three and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling outward into both Flanks towards Front and Reer the half-files are to face about the left half-ranks are to wheel to the right the right half-ranks to the left the Front-half-files doing the like may give fire facing after to the right and left inward ranking as they were into the midst of Ranks and facing again to the Flanks The four and thirtieth firing Let them fire two Ranks together and slieving presently away and flank the Pikes The five and thirtieth firing Let them face to Front and Reer and after move outward and facing to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The six and thirtieth firing Let them close Files into the midst to Order and fire again and let them fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes then face all to their first Front they are reduced Having spent all this time in the plain Firings we will in the next place proceed to Firings upon such Figures of Battail as followeth CHAP. XXV Several Figures of Battail Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Muskettiers double your Pikes entire advancing Files open from the midst to double distance the two outmost Files close outward to open Order and the two inmost Files close outward to the same distance half-files of each Division double the Front inward entire Ranks and Files close to Order the four outmost Files upon each Flank stand the four inmost Files upon the left face to the Reer then let the four inmost Files upon the left and the four inmost Files upon the right move forward three foot before the Front and Reer and then face to the left and move two paces then face all to the Front and move straight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers move forward until they be cleer of the standing part then give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then closing their Files into the midst to Order before the Front of Pikes the Reer-division of Muskettiers may move forward unto the Front of the first division of Pikes and there rank outward and give fire altogether and file again as they were and after face about and move down again into their places the two outmost divisions of Muskettiers may next move forward some six paces there stand and rank inward and fire face about and file again as they were and move forward to the Front of their own divisions of Pikes face to their Leader The second firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers fire and fall off to the right and left and flank their Pikes and at the same time let the Reer-division of Muskettiers move forward as they did before and fire even abrest with the first divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into their places and face to their Leader then let the two outmost divisions upon the Flanks give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes they may fire to the Reer in the same manner being thither faced The third firing Let them face to Front Reer and both Flanks and fire the first Rank of each division and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of the Pikes and the last Rank at the same time move forth and give fire and fall into their places again but before they thus fire the Front and Reer-divisions are to be wheeled to the left and then let them fire by * Move forth those Muskettiers into their former places before they
set forth to your view in Folio 147. Before the Major shall begin his Exercise he shall do well to appoint unto each Division the Captains and their Ensigns whose Colours in the mean time may be stuck in the ground or given to any of the File-leaders of Pikes to hold during the time of Exercise to take charge of them to order them according unto every word of command and the Lieutenant and Serjeants to each Division of Muskettiers that after silence is craved throughout the whole Regiment the Major by stretching out his voice in every word of Command the rest as his Eccho are immediately to give it out along the whole Front and from thence unto the Reer and every Officer to lead his men accordingly The Major having stated all things according to the former directions may if he please either face double counter-march or wheel to Front Reer or both Flanks in every particular Division And may after fire them by way of Divisions drawn off ten or twenty paces before the Front firing them 7 or 8 times over relieving them by other supplies marching up into their ground And may after face the Reer-divisions about and fire them to Front and Reer on the same ground they stand there being sufficient intervalls for their wheeling off in the Reer of themselves And after several firings in this kinde the Pikes may charge on but before they begin their firings the Pikes must close into the midst to order and Muskettiers to close their Pikes to open order and every Division to preserve so much ground betwixt each other for their conveniencie that after firing they may wheel off Now if you will fire or skirmish the one with the other then draw off the Reer or second grand Division and move them away and draw them up in opposition 100 foot distance of ground betwixt each Front and let the Lieutenant-Colonels Company be drawn up upon the right and the Majors upon the left of that grand Division that it may carry some answerableness with that of the Colonels The Muskettiers having six foot interval of ground betwixt each other before they begin to fire they may continue their firings of this nature as long as they please and the Pikes may after charge on to such convenient distance as that they come not within three Pikes length one of another for avoiding doing hurt the one to the other the Muskettiers still continuing their firing and falling in the Reer of themselves and when they come within distance not to present above knee-height for the above-named reasons Now the Souldiers being almost tired and all their Powder spent and retreating from each other that side which falls out to be strongest as being the Colonels grand Division or party may beat a parley to invite the weaker to come in to mercy offering them all fair Quarter provided they timely and presently receive it and that they will cheerfully and willingly go along with them and never any more revolt but be on their side to fight with them upon all just occasions as shall be required After which the Lieutenant-Colonel yeilding they may wheel about and march into the same ground from whence they were first drawn forth and be reduced to the same order and condition as they were before they began to skirmish And thus much shall suffice concerning the ordinary plain way of exercising of Regiments but those that shall desire a little more curiosity they may observe such Exercises as in the next place shall be set forth unto them CHAP. VIII A second way of exercising Regiments of the same number of men THe first grand Division being in the Front and clear of the second 12 paces every five Files being 18 foot of ground a part from each other and at their distance of order both in Rank and File in their own particular divisions as was mention'd in Folio 146. comes in this place to be set forth to their view And having past over some of the distances to bring them to this Station in standing in 24 Maniples or Divisions the next thing that I shall shew for Exercise shall be four several Figures of Battail branched from thence by proper words of Command with their reducement Command Divisions of Muskettiers face outward Pikes and Muskettiers march all twelve paces and stand to your Leader The two middle Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers in the Reer next the Flanks face about outmost Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers in Front and Reer face outward march all four paces and stand Again let the outmost Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face about to the right then march all three paces then stand and face to their Leader it produceth the first Figure Each of the former Divisions containing five Files apiece excepting the outmost Division of Pikes upon the right in Front and Reer and they contain six Files in each of them Command Divisions of Muskettiers face outward Pikes face about to the right march all until the Pikes range even with the Reer then face to their Leader occasioneth the next Command The four last Divisions of each Arms in the midst face about the six outmost Divisions of each Arms face outward the two middle Divisions of Pikes in the Front face about march all four paces and stand then face the six outmost divisions about to the right and the four middle Divisions of Pikes about to the left then march all four paces and face to their Leader Command The two next Divisions of Pikes in the midst from the Reer face about middle Divisions of Pikes move forward six foot before the Front and Reer to your Leader Reducement The twelve last Divisions face about then set every Division march forward until they range even abrest with the Front and Reer and face to their Leader then let the Reer-divisions move forward within eighteen foot of the Front-divisions and they will be in two grand Divisions the one in the Reer of the other as at first when they began their facings Having past over part of the Distances and Facings the next which in order falls to be handled is Doublings and having by command gained eighteen foot distance betwixt every five Files if in their former motions they should chance to lose it you may then proceed to Doublings by way of Divisions as shall be in the next place set down CHAP. IX Doublings belonging to a Regiment Command DIvisions double to the right File-wise Direction Every even Division from the Front face to the right and march down clear until you stand straight with the next Interval then face to the left and move in and double those Divisions on the right File-wise to your Leader Command Divisions double to the right Rankwise Direction Every even Division from the Front face to the right and march forward six paces then face to the Front and move forward and double your Divisions to the right Command Divisions double the Length of the Battail to
Reer of all his whole Body move forward with the rest to the Church-door then falling off in respect of ordering his Company the rest of the Train Marching into the Church After which the Captain may cause them all to face to the Church or to their Leader he standing then before the Church-door commanding them to Rank again as they were After every Leader may draw off his File and set their Arms apart in each File by themselves and go in to hear part of the Sermon if there should be any such order before-hand from their Captain placing Sentinels to look to their Arms. And when Sermon is almost done they ought to go forth of the Church and draw forth the Files by some little warning of Drums to be in readiness to answer such directions as they shall receive from their Captain who may if he have conveniency of room draw all his Muskettiers into a Ring and the Pikes in like manner on the outside of them and as soon as the Souldiers have notice being all ready and presented that the Body is laid down in the grave they may upon warning of the Drum give one volley of shot all together and after make ready again performing the same twice over more After which the Ensign may put his Colours upon his Staff and furl them up then the Pikes may be drawn up again into one Body and the Muskettiers into another and falling in the Reer of the Pikes they may troop away And a little before the place of lodging the Colours they may make Alt and the Muskettiers may sleeve up by the outside of the Pikes from the Reer filing to the right and left making a Guard for the Colours and Pikes to march through them and being cleer and the Colours lodged they may face about again to the right and give another volley of shot but if there should be such a streight of ground that the Muskettiers cannot be drawn into a Ring then they must be otherwise disposed of by making them into two Ranks the one on the one side of the Street and the other on the other side facing them either in opposition or in an oblique manner if in opposition they must present very low and give fire three times all together as before with one volley after another if oblique the one Rank is to be faced towards the upper end of the Street and the other towards the lower end and so may fire with less danger to each other the Pikes to be filed away to the right and left behind the Muskettiers before they were thus faced And again where they have not length of ground to contrive the Muskettiers into two single Ranks they may fire all together as they stand at Order mounting up the Muzzles of their Muskets into the Air without offending each other Therefore according to the conveniency of the ground it must be the discretion of every Commander to order his men accordingly to perform his three volleys of shot in the most gracefullest way which being ended they may all return to their Quarters And thus much may suffice for satisfaction to any Commander in ordering his single Company to any Funeral-occasion marching along of it self CHAP. XXVI The ordering of a Regiment to a Funeral-occasion WHen Companies are to march in a Regimental-way care must be had that the Regiment be first drawn up according to this Rule The Pikes to be in one Body and the Muskettiers equally divided to flank that Body after which let the Major make his Divisions appointing the places of every Captain and Lieutenant where they shall lead and where they shall bring up After that they may move away towards the place or lodging of him that is to be interred and there make Alt opening the Van-guard or Muskettiers and facing them to the Reer then let the Body of Pikes and them interchange ground that the Pikes may march next the Hearse in manner as before exprest of a private Company whose smaller Bodies take Rule from the greater Then let the Lieutenant-Colonel lead the Regiment and the Colonel bring it up and so in like manner in every Division the Bringers-up are to lead and the Leaders to bring up All Officers and their Arms being thus reverst the Front becomes the Reer and the Reer the Front they must move slowly away and before the Corps pass into the Church there must be ground reserv'd that after the Muskettiers have first made a Guard the Pikes may move through them and may also in like manner file in their Ranks as the Muskettiers did joyning to them and making a Guard in like manner of each Arms. After which the whole Train may pass through in an orderly manner into the Church the Souldiers in the mean time attending without until Sermon be passed over And being all in a readiness they may give three several Peals or Volleys of shot according to such warnings as shall be given them After which the Souldiers being ranked again as they were if they have conveniency of ground the Major may cause the Captains to draw off their Companies and troop home to their several Quarters according to their best conveniency But if they have not room it will be most properest for the Major to command the Muskettiers to stand and first to rank the Pikes again as they were Then let the Drums beat a Troop upon the head of the Pikes in the Reer of the Colours and let the Ensigns and Pikes first troop away through the Guard of the Muskettiers who being cleer of them and being led by the Colonel and other Officers there appointed the Muskettiers may also rank again in like manner and fall in the Reer of the Pikes following them until they come unto a convenient place or ground for the Captains drawing off their Companies as they shall receive order from the Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel or Major And here I will conclude my Discourse concerning the Exercising of the Infantry in all their Military Motions and Exercises FINIS The Postures of the Musket to be performed without the Rest The Musket lying on the ground with Bandeliers and Match the first Word of Command will be Stand to your Arms. Take up your Bandeliers Put on your Bandeliers Take up your Match Place your Match Take up your Musket letting the Butt-end rest upon the Ground Rest your Musket in your left hand bringing the Butt-end to your right side Poyse your Musket Shoulder your Musket Unshoulder your Musket and Poyse Ballance your Musket in your left hand with the Barrel upwards Open your Pan. Clear your Pan. Prime your Pan. Shut your Pan. Cast off your loose Corns Blow off your loose Corns and bring about your Musket to your left side carrying the Barrel downwards Ballance your Musket in your left hand Find out your Charge Open your Charge Charge with Powder Draw forth your Scowring-stick Turn and shorten to an inch Charge with Bullet Put your Scowring-stick in
Ranks wheel to the right and left towards the Reer Direction Face all about The outside-men are the hinges of this Motion who are to wheel from the Reer to the right and left until they have brought their Aspects unto both the Flanks face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward the Right-hand-file is to begin to rank six to the left the Left-hand-file is to rank six to the right making up even abrest 12 in number the rest doing the same Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your ranks outward into both Flanks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel outward into both Flanks until you have brought your Aspects unto the right and left face to your Leader Reducement Front and Reer-half-files rank 12 to the right and left inward towards the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about and begin the Motion from the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and the Half-file-leaders ranking six to the right and left from each File making 12 abrest face to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks into both Flanks Direction Half-files face about and march all until you be at twice double distance in the midst then face all about to the right and wheel to the right and left until you have brought your Aspects unto both Flanks by wheeling inward to them face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward into Front and Reer Half-files face about and rank in Front and Reer six to the right and six to the left making 12 abrest after face to your Leader CHAP. XLVIII Of Ranks wheeling to the midst of Files Command FRont and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right and left inward until they face in opposition to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left outward unto the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about and Rank six to the right and left outward Reer-half-files do the same to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files march until you have attained twice double distance in the midst of Ranks face all about to the right and wheel to the right and left inward into the midst of Files to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left outward into Front and Reer Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files rank six to the right and left outward as before commanded to your Leader move forward and close your Divisions to your double distance CHAP. XLIX Of Ranks wheeling to both Flanks and into the midst at one and the same time They ought to be at more then Open order in Ranks and at order in Files Command FRont and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right and left into both Flanks and the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about to the right and the middle Files and the outmost Files upon each Flank are the hinges of this Motion the rest are to wheel their Ranks to the right and left towards both the Flanks and to the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left inward to the midst of Ranks and between the Flankers and the middle Files Front-half-files face about and rank six to the right and left inward towards the midst of Ranks between the Flankers and middle Files the Reer-half-files doing the same face to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files march until you be at double distance in the midst after face all about to the right and wheel your Ranks to the right and left inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left inward into Front and Reer between the Flankers and the middle Files Half-files face about and rank six to the right and left inward to the Reer between the Flankers and the middle Files the Front-half-files doing the same to the Front after facing to their Leader Half-files move forwards closing their Divisions to the distance of the former Ranks Having dwelt thus long upon this subject of Inversion and Conversion occasioned thereunto by their great variety and difficulty in the performance of them I hold it convenient to give a breathing space unto the wearied Souldier whilst I in the mean time prepare further matter for his longing desire Yet before I enter in any other discourse of the Art Military I hold it requisite to give some admonitions to those that shall venture upon them For being very difficult they are not easily understood by every puny my advice therefore is to wave such things in time of Exercise which the Souldiers are unacquainted with providing for them such matter as is both plain and easie and being frequently practised in such he may after drill them on to harder till by degrees he hath brought them unto such perfection and knowledge that they shall be able to perform and execute what is commanded not gazing upon one another as I have often observed neither knowing their Leaders meaning or if they did they are altogether ignorant how to fulfil his commands Frequent practice therefore makes the Souldier expert witness our gallant Souldiers and Citizens of London who are most of them so well grounded by frequent practice that their Leaders can scarce give a word of Command which is not easily apprehended by them they being in their exercises so often inured to such difficult expressions as these of Inversion and Conversion CHAP. L. Of Counter-marches with thâ—ir several sorts and kinds affording much variety in time of Exercise THose which have a longing desire to be throughly knowing in this part or branch of Military Discipline must take notice of these four sorts viz. Counter-marching of Files next of Ranks after the Front and Reer-half-files and lastly of right and left Half-ranks all which are performed either by intire or Divisional Counter-marches or else by the intire changing of ground and that by many ways the Front-half-files with the Reer the right Half-ranks with the left So that an expert Leader may venter so far in them as to continue his Exercise without reducing almost for an hour and not to express himself twice in any one word of Command they affording such plenty and variety in them that with pleasure using but four words of Command he may bring each Souldier into his proper place again observing these directions following As first to look down in the Body where his File-leaders are and where his Bringers-up likewise marking the several places of his Half-file-leaders the Bringers up of his Front-half-files together with his Flankers his middle
The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Wings advance forward even abrest with those in the Front and Fire altogether the three Divisions falling in the Reer of themselves and after the outmost Divisions facing about and moving into their places again The third firing Let the Front-Division of Muskettiers face about move down and double the middlemost by division after let the Muskettiers face outward and move three paces and give Fire to both the Flanks falling off to the right and left the middle-divisions making good their ground and firing in like manner falling off Having Fired twice over to both the Flanks face them to their Leader and draw forth the outmost Files of Muskettiers of the middle-division before the Front of Pikes and close their Files inward to Order Command Reer-division of Pikes face outward and move two foot cleer of the standing part to your Leader The first firing Let the first division of Muskettiers give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel about and fall in the midst of the Reer and range even abrest between the outmost divisions of Pikes after face to their Leader The second firing Let the three other divisions advance forwards altogether three foot before the Front and give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes charge on and the Muskettiers still preserving their ground making ready again whilst the Pikes retreat into their places The third firing Let them give Fire again in like manner the Pikes charging on and retreating as before then let the last divisions of Pikes move inward in a streight line with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Front and they will stand as followeth The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves this may be performed twice then face to the Front and Reer the last Rank of the middle-division is to face about the first Rank are to continue their Aspects unto the Front The second firing Let the Pikes port to Front and Reer and the Muskettiers give Fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves and after the Pikes may charge on and retreat again they may continue this Figure twice the Pikes charging and after face to their Leader Command Reer-divisions of Pikes face about and move three paces and face to their Leader Front-divisions of Muskettiers face about and move down into the midst as before interchanging ground with the Reer-division of Muskettiers the two last Divisions of Pikes move outward until they be two foot clear of the next range of Muskettiers middle Division of Muskettiers move backward even with the Reer Division of Muskettiers to your Leader Upon this Figure face the three last Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers to the right about and let them give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may afterwards charge on to Front and Reer and retreat back again into their first places they may perform this firing twice the Pikes likewise charging up before and retreating into their places again face all to their Leader And now it will be expedient having almost tired the Muskettiers with these several Firings to end our fourth Exercise and lodge the Colours but first we will reduce them Reducement The outmost Division of Muskettiers on the right move forward and fall in the Reer of them in the Front Reer Division of Muskettiers move forward and fall in the Reer of the left Division of Muskettiers then let them move straight forwards and joyn with them in the Front and close the Pikes into the midst to Order and their Ranks forward to Order let the Pikes double the Front inward entire and after Files to double to the left entire advancing closing Files inward to Order they are reduced CHAP. XVI The Fifth Exercise with four Files Eight deep THe Souldiers having made timely appearance according to the Drums summoning unto such places as was appointed by their Commander and being by the Serjeants drawn forth into Files the Leaders thereof being permitted to instruct and teach their Files the Postures and handsome handling of their Arms are forthwith by warning of the Drum to lead up their Files and being joyn'd in a Body according to the discretion of the Superior Officers do there stand silently expecting what will follow The Captain or other that shall Exercise them first commands the Bringers-up to double their Front to the left and after appoints one of the Serjeants to fetch the Colours to which purpose he draws off the two inmost Files of Pikes and advancing their Arms the Drum beating a troop they may move away and bring them to the Company being led thither by the Ensign the Serjeant falling in the Reer of the Pikes and they falling into their places again they may be commanded Files to double their depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Now the former days Exercise being chiefly spent in the Motions by several Firings they may be spar'd in this and in lieu thereof the Leader may out of the former plain Doublings collect one that may continue long in exercise before reduced and in this Exercise he shall not need to trouble himself with Counter-marches or Wheelings but fall immediately alone upon the Motions with this Doubling or the like as followeth CHAP. XVII Thirty several Doublings with their Reducements Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Half-files advance your Arms and move to the right and left outward and double the Front Command Double your Files outward entire advancing Direction Even files from the Flanks move forward and double the odd and after close Files into the midst to Order Command Half-files double your Front to the right entire Command Right Half-ranks double the left Flank to the right Direction Face to the left right half-ranks move forward and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right entire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face to the right left half-ranks advance your Arms and move forward to the left and double your right Flank Command Double your Ranks to the left entire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Direction Front half-files face outward and march clear of the standing part to your Leader half-files move forward and double the Front inward entire Command Right half-ranks double entire the depth of the left Flank Direction Left half-ranks stand right half-ranks face about and march clear of the standing part then face to the right and move forward even with the left Flank to your Leader Command Front half-files double
charge The third firing Let the Muskettiers double inward File-wise the Pikes keep their Aspects to the four Angles the Musketttiers as before may give Fire to Front Reer and both Flanks and fall in the reer of those Pikes next their right hand and having their Aspects unto the same Angles they may fire there if they please by way of Extraduction and move forth to the left into their places again then let the Pikes face to the Front and Muskettiers upon the wings face about to the right and Muskettiers move forward three paces face to your Leader forms the following Figure The first firing Let the first Division give fire together and wheel off into the Reer the next two Divisions moving forward into their ground giving fire all together and wheeling off to the right and left into the Reer the rest still moving forward until the Reer-division is likewise come up into the Front and gives fire in like manner and falling off to the right into his first place again this firing may be continued twice The second firing Let them give fire all together to the Front after this manner let the middle Divisions move forth to the right and left clear of the Pikes the Reer-division at the same time moving forward upon the outside of those in the Front and give fire and move into their places again making ready whilest the Pikes close forward and charge on five or six paces they may retreat again into their places The third firing Let them face all to the Reer and fire after this manner the first Division kneel down the middle Divisions move forth clear of the Pikes the Front-division marching down into the Reer may give fire all together the outmost Division and the Front-division over the heads of them in the Reer and move in and back again into their places then face to their Leader Command The outmost Division of Muskettiers upon the left in the midst and the three last Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face about march all three paces and stand Middle Divisions face to the left and move two paces face all to your Leader Divisions of Pikes face inward Front-division of Muskettiers and the second from the Reer face about and move little and close your Divisions to your Leader The first firing Let the first Division give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel down into the Reer the other Divisions successively moving up into the Front and firing in like manner this firing may be continued twice over The second firing Let the Divisions of Muskettiers double their Ranks to the right and left outward and give fire in single Ranks as they did before until all have fired twice over The third firing Let them double their Files to the right and left inward and the Reer Divisions to face about then let them give fire both to Front and Reer falling first in the Reer of themselves after to wheel off into the midst and facing to Front and Reer the middle Divisions may move forth into their ground firing in like manner the Pikes may after charge whilest the Muskettiers make ready again and after retreating into their places they may continue their firing as formerly the Pikes charging on as before The fourth firing Let each Division of Muskettiers double Ranks outward and fire to Front and Reer and to wheel off in one single rank to the right and left and rank again in the midst and after double inward File-wise and face to their Leader Command The four last Divisions face to the left the four first Divisions face to the right march all until you be clear one of another then face to the right and move until you be even abrest in Front and Reer to your Leader The first firing Let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left into the Reer they at the same time moving forwards into their places firing and falling off in like manner they may perform the same firing to the Reer being thither faced The second firing Let the Reer-Divisions move to the right and left outward clear of the standing part then face to the Front move up even abrest with the Front-Divisions and let every Division fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge and after both they and the outmost Divisions may move down into their places Command The inmost Divisions of Pikes advance forward three foot before the Front the rest face inward and move two paces to your Leader Upon this Figure let the first Ranks of the Front-Division fire and fall behind the Front-Divisions of Pikes the next rank may fire and fall behind the first then let the Reer-division move up and give fire and fall in the reer of themselves and after wheel about to the right and left inward moving down clear of the reer and facing again unto their Leader then they may fire a second time in the same way the Front-divisions moving forth and firing first and falling behind the Pikes the reer-divisions coming up into their places firing and falling off again by wheeling about inward until they be clear three foot of the reer then facing to their Leader they will stand as followeth where the Ensign may display his Colours if the Leader pleaseth to march upon it Having now spent much time in these particular Firings it will be convenient to give the Souldiers some respit to refresh their almost tired spirits that they may more chearfully appear upon the next summons of the Drum and therefore we will conclude this Exercise and prepare for the lodging of the Colours Reducement Reer-Divisions of Pikes move straight forward until you range even abrest with the Front-Divisions of Pikes Reer-Divisions of Muskettiers move forward and range inward even abrest with the Front-Divisions Files close into the midst to Order Front and Reer half-files open from the midst to double distance the four inmost Files of Front and Reer half-files face inward and interchange ground then let each two Files of Pikes close outward to Order and after to double their Divisions to the right File-wise and to close Files to the left to Order the two outmost Files of Muskettiers upon the right double Ranks inward and lead them away before the left half-ranks of Muskettiers the next two Files double Ranks outward and lead them away behind the Reer by first facing them about Pikes face to the left and move straight before the Muskettiers and then double the Reer inward entire after Files to double their Depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up they are reduced CHAP. XVIII The Sixth Exercise with four Files eight deep THe Souldiers being met at the place appointed and their Files being drawn forth according to the usual custom the Leaders being to shew each Souldier how to handle and use his Arms and after leads up their Files and
his File into some convenient place apart to exercise them in their several Postures and Charges and after what manner they may fire whether it be to Front Reer or both Flanks Which being performed they are called up to joyn into a Body and commanded to close their Ranks and Files to their distance of Order and the Front doubled to the right and left inward by the half-files distance beforehand being prepared for their moving up The Leader appoints one of the Serjeants to fetch the Colours which being brought up to the head of the Company the Leader for variety sake may spend the chiefest of his time in Firings as followeth The first firing Let the Muskettiers move forward until their Bringers-up range even with the Front of Pikes after let the two outmost Files of Muskettiers move forward until their Bringers-up range even abrest with the Front of the two inmost Files Let the Front or foremost Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let them face about and move down into their places where they were last then let the two inmost Files of Muskettiers of each Division advance forwards until their Bringers-up range even with the Front of the two outmost Files and then let them give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and march down into their places again where they were last drawn off The second firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand in each Division falling off to the right and left in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let the first Rank in each Division fire as they stand and after move inward in a straight line before the Front of Pikes which gives way for the next Rank to fire in each Division and after to move inward into the Reer of the first Rank and so consequently all the rest to fire in like manner until they have all fired and stand straight before the Pikes The fourth firing Let their Ranks rank outward into the Front and then give fire all entire in one Rank and ranking again as they were The fifth firing Let the half-files of Muskettiers double the Front by Division and give fire by two Ranks together and after to move back again into their places The sixth firing Let the two first Ranks kneel down the other two stand upright and give fire four Ranks together The seventh firing Let the half-files or Pikes to face about and move three paces to your Leader and then Files to double their Depth to the right and left outward of each Arms then let them give fire eight Ranks together after this manner two kneel down two kneeling two stand upright and the two last to be drawn off to the right and left and so to fire all together which being ended command the Pikes by their Files to rank outward into the Front and then open outward to the right and left and charge on in the Front and file again as they were The eigth firing Let the Pikes open their Files from the midst to double distance then command the Muskettiers to face about and move down into the midst of the Pikes then let the half-files face about and let the Muskettiers be at open Order in their Files and the Pikes at Order and then let them give fire first to Front and Reer by Intraduction after this manner Let the first Rank in Front and Reer present and give fire on the ground they stand and presently make ready again the next Ranks may move forward and place themselves three foot before them and fire in like manner and after stand the other Ranks still moving forward into the next Rank until the first have fired and then immediately to clap before them and fire in like manner until all have fired twice over The ninth firing Let them close their Files into the midst to Order and fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The tenth firing Let them fire and fall off to the right and left into the midst of Pikes again then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and when they are clear of the Muskettiers let them close to the right and left inward to Order The eleventh firing Let the Pikes port and let the Muskettiers be drawn forth one whole Rank to the right and another to the left both to Front and Reer give fire and fall into their places again then let the other four be drawn forth in like manner and fire and fall into their places again the Pikes if occasion shall require may again charge on The twelfth firing Let the Muskettiers range to the right and left outward and fire even abrest with the Reer of each Division and move in again into their places The thirteenth firing Let the Muskettiers rank outward and move even abrest with the Front and Reer and there present and give fire and whilest the Pikes are charging on they may rank again as they were and fall in the Reer of the Pikes and make ready again The fourteenth firing The Pikes being retreated into their first ground you may open them to the right and left and then the Muskettiers may move forward and fire two Ranks kneeling down and the other two standing upright then the Pikes may continue their charge till the Muskettiers make ready again and after they may retreat and fall in the Reer of the Muskettiers and close their Divisions inward to Order These firings being all upon a stand and the Muskettiers being now in Front and Reer they may be moved away and may give fire upon the march to Front and Reer after this manner The fifteenth firing Let the first Rank in the Front nimbly advance forward ten paces then present and give fire in which interim the rest will be moved up unto them the others having fallen off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers the next Rank may give fire in like manner until all have fired thus once over the Reer are to fire at the same time with the Front facing about the last Rank who are to fall off and to place themselves before their own Divisions of Muskettiers The sixteenth firing Let them fire as before and the first Rank of the Front-division to fall off and flank the Pikes to the right the rest of that Division falling off and placing themselves in the Reer of them and likewise the first Rank of the Reer-Division when they have fired let them fall off and range even abrest with the half-files of Pikes and still preserving themselves in their places to be right-hand-men to those which were at first and the rest to give fire and fall in the Reer of them The seventeenth firing Now the Muskettiers being all upon the right Flank let the outmost File face to the right and fire and lead away the Bringers-up between the Muskettiers and the outmost File of Pikes let this be
face to the right and left inward and move and interchange ground then stand and face to your Leader The two last Divisions of Muskettiers in the midst face to the left and move clear of the Pikes face all to your Leader Then let every Division close forward to Order and move up even abrest with the Pikes they are reduced CHAP. XL. The twelfth Exercise consisting of 24 Files six deep THe place of Exercise appointed for the Souldiers to meet they upon a just summons make full appearance being indeed the very life of any Exercise affording much comfort to him that shall lead them And therefore seeing their readiness and forwardness as in duty they are concerned the Leader cannot chuse but forthwith to give order unto his Officers for the compleating up of the Body who knowing his commands go nimbly and chearfully to work in drawing forth the Files and joyning them together after fetching the Colours and bringing them to the head of the Company So that nothing being wanting the Leader craves their silence and attention commanding them to their distance of Order both of Rank and File and after some few distances shewen unto them he may proceed in the next place to such Facings as followeth Command Face to the right and left outward and move four paces Face to Front and Reer and move three paces Face to the outward Angles in the Front Face to the inward Angles in the Front Face to the inward Angles of the right Flank Face to the inward Angles in the left Flank Face to the outward Angles in the Reer Face to the inward Angles in the Reer Face to the outward Angles both of Front and Reer Face to the inward Angles both of Front and Reer Face to the midst of Files Face to the midst of Ranks Face to the Centre Face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer from the Centre Face all about to the right Face to Front Reer and both Flanks from the Centre As you were To your Leader CHAP. XLI A Doubling to make every man a File-Leader by dignity Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing Command Ranks to the right double Command Files to the right double Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Files double your depth to the left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Reducement Ranks to the left double Files to the left double CHAP. XLII Several Wheelings with their Reducements Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front by Division Command Right and left half-ranks double the depth of your Battail by wheeling inward to the Reer Face to the Reer Command Double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to Front and Reer Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of your Battail by wheeling outward to the right Flank Half-files face about and wheel to the left Front half-files wheel to the right Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to the left Flank face all to the left Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of both Flanks by wheeling to the right and left outward Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of the Battail by wheeling inward to the midst of Ranks Face inward Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of your left Flank by wheeling to the right and left outward Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to the right flank Face to the right and as they then stand right half-ranks wheel to the left and left half-ranks wheel to the right until the right Flank meet together they are reduced CHAP. XLIII Plain Figures and figures of Battail The first firing LEt two Ranks advance forward ten paces and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left outward and move down in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers and then the next two Ranks are to move forward and to give fire as the former did and so consequently all the rest until all have fired and reduced back again into their places The second firing Let them fire even with the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves and let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The third firing Let single Files be drawn off and Ranks inward into the Front and fire and File again face about and move down into their places then let two Files be drawn off clear and let the inmost Files rank inward the outmost Files rank outward and give fire and File again as they were and fall into their places The fourth firing Let the four outmost Files upon each Flank be drawn off until they be clear of the Front then let them close before the Front of Pikes face then the inmost Files of Muskettiers to both the Flanks and let them give fire to the Front and both Flanks on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The fifth firing Let them give fire all together six Ranks at once in the Front and four in the Flanks observing the former Rules in firing so many Ranks together as you may find in the place of description of firings The sixth firing Let those Muskettiers upon the Flanks face to the Reer and move clear of the Pikes then close to the right and left inward to Order then let the half-files of Pikes face about and let the Muskettiers give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let the Pikes move forth to the right and left outward until they be clear of the Muskettiers then let the Muskettiers give fire in an oblique manner thus let every two Files open to the right and left outward to something more then open Order then close the two first Ranks of the four inmost Files to the Front to Order and let the other two Ranks close likewise almost to that distance but the two last Ranks only are to face to their Front and after in the same kind close the four Ranks inward to the Reer of the four outmost in manner and form there as the other Files were to the Front and so let them give fire in each Division an oblique way two Ranks kneel down two kneeling and two stand upright The eighth firing After the former firing close the four inmost Files to the right and left outward to
Order and the like of the Muskettiers in the Reer to those hands to the same distance then they will stand in four Divisions two of Pikes in the Front and two of Muskettiers in the Reer In the next place let him count how many Files of Pikes there are in each Division and he will finde in the Colonels Divisions 26 Files and in the Lieutenant-Colonels but twenty two To make these even he must take off one File apiece from the youngest Captains and bring them into the midst of the Lieutenant-Colonels Division and then he will make them equal there being in each grand Division 24 Files of Pikes The Pikes being made thus equal let him move down into the Reer and examine the Muskettiers where upon the right he will finde 52 Files and upon the left but 44 to make these even in number he must take off one File apiece from the four Companies of the first grand Division and lead them away up into the midst of the second and then there will be in each grand Division of Muskettiers 48 Files apiece In the next place let him face them to the right and left outward and move them to such convenient distance as he may after divide his Muskettiers into four Divisions to move up and flank the Pikes This being performed he ought appoint unto every Captain and Lieutenant his place where to lead and where to bring up and what men upon all occasions they are to fight To which purpose there being in the first grand Division four Captains there must be four places to lead and four to bring up and therefore having their four Colours upon the long March that Body of Pikes may be divided into two Divisions and to march with two Colours in the first Division of Pikes which are to be led by the eldest Captain and brought up by the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up The second Division of Pikes is to be led by the fourth Captain and to be brought up by the eldest Captain-Lieutenant The Reer-guard of Muskettiers in this grand Division is to be led by the third Captain and to be brought up by his Lieutenant who upon the long March his Captain if he pleaseth may exchange places being more honour to him to be there to bring up then to lead that Division as hath been formerly exprest As concerning the Captain-Lieutenant his place is to be fixed according as in the Figure to lead the first Division of Muskettiers and to be brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant but at such time when they are drawn up all abrest they are to take their places as at first fixed both in their leading and bringing-up as shall be set forth in the following Figure with all their several places appointed thereunto As concerning all the rest they are placed in manner as was shewed in my discourse of a Regiment consisting of six Companies But here it may be objected that in the first grand Division I have placed the Colonel eldest Captain third and fourth and by casting up their number of dignity we finde it to amount unto 18 and in the second grand Division the Lieutenant-Colonel Major and second Captain whose number amounts but to ten Here we finde say they a great deal of difference and alteration your intentions principally tending to make them equal in dignity for certainly where the greater number is there is the lesser dignity and therefore a wrong unto that part where ever it so falls out To which I answer Where there is no just exceptions to be made to the contrary the former Rule ought ever to be preserved in the keeping an equal ballance of the number of dignity but herein it doth not For the Colonel ought always to have placed in his Division the eldest Captain who is to lead his Colours and the first Body of Pikes which is the first place of honour among the Captains And in the second place the Majors Company is always drawn up upon the outmost part on the right of the Lieutenant-Colonels grand Division to carry an equal proportion of number they being the second and third worth unto that of the first or fourth as is in the Colonels In the next place the second Captains turn comes to be regarded who by the same Rule as the eldest Captain layes claim to carry the first honour by leading the first Body of Pikes and the Colonels Colours so the second Captain cannot expect any other but to be placed to lead the second Body of Pikes the Lieutenant-Colonels Colours Now there being an odd Captain he must be either placed upon the right or left he is therefore thought in discretion to be rather placed with the Colonel in his Division that his Colours may there flie marching four together being far more honourable and graceful then that of three as in the Lieutenant-Colonels and therefore where there is an honour in that kinde which cannot be divided it is very fit and requisite to place and fix it with him that is the Commander in chief As for number of men both Divisions are equal alike and therefore I conceive what hath been spoken may take off all objections of this nature And now according to my promise I shall set forth the manner of the standing of seven Companies in a Regimental way with all the several places of honour appointed forth unto them either marching or standing all even abrest If they be upon the long march they are to observe that manner set down in six Companies onely to minde that alteration before expressed the Figure of their drawing up and the Officers stated in their proper places follows in Folio 156. From which Figure I shall draw up another placing the Souldiers in Battalia which may be useful for them to fight-upon Command Pikes in both Divisions face inward inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face outward march and interchange ground with other face to your Leader The four inmost Files of Muskettiers next the Pikes Let them be at open Order in their Ranks and Files and the two grand Divisions standing in one even Front together face about and march six foot cleer from the Pikes and stand then close their Files to the right and left to Order in their own particular divisions then face inward and march all together until they stand six foot cleer of each other face to your Leader The next five Files of Muskettiers in each side of Pikes advance 18 foot before the Front then close their Files into the midst to Order and Ranks forward to Order Pikes close your Ranks forward to Order and Files into the midst to Order every five Files of Muskettiers close inward to Order and Ranks forward to Order then face to the Pikes and march forward being betwixt every five Files of Muskettiers six foot of ground distance each from other and the same distance from the Body of Pikes face all to your Leader The 12 outmost Files of Pikes and Muskettiers advance
up amounteth to 27. And thus much for the Colonels Division Now for the left Half-ranks or Lieutenant-Colonels Division as many times it is so ordred and appointed his own Company being drawn up upon the outmost part on the left of the Regiment and next to his right after each other is drawn up the third seventh fourth and Majors Company whose Figure of Dignity standing Rank-wise may be thus described 2 6 10 7 3 and their number of Dignity in all amounteth to 28. Where you may perceive a rule that the Discretion of the Major walketh by in the drawing up of the Regiment to ballance with as neer proportion as he can the Number Worth and Dignity of his right Half-ranks or right Flank sutable with that of the left For it would be unreasonable that all the best men should be on the right and that the left of the Regiment who are to oppose the Enemies right should have the weakest or meanest men of Worth therefore without all question that Body of men that shall be drawn up so as to make all parts of equal Worth and Strength as the right Flank with the left the Front with the Reer so that where-ever the Enemy shall fall on to charge any one of these parts being all made equal in Strength and Worth it must needs prevent all murmuring complaints and carry best approbation to all knowing Commanders And thus much briefly may be spoken in the commendation of the ordring of his Regiment thus far The Captains now standing by their own Colours on the head of the Pikes and their Companies being drawn up all and standing in an even Front the Major next commands the Muskettiers to stand the Pikes and Colours to troop forth some ten or twelve paces cleer of the Muskettiers and then they likewise to stand and after to close their Files to the midst to order Next he commands the Muskettiers in their Files to close outward to order commanding them afterward to move up and flank the Pikes after which he orders the Body into thirteen remarkable Divisions four Divisions of Muskettiers upon each side of the Pikes and the Pikes into five divisions having their Colours fly by two and two and to be led by the Ensign-bearers that do belong to each of them excepting the first and middle divisions for they have Leaders in chief as the first and fifth Captain and the third Captain to bring up the Reer of the whole Body of Pikes For more fuller illustration of the leading and bringing up of each division in the Regiment upon their Long-march observe these following directions 1 The Regiment being upon their march the first division upon the right is led by the Colonel his Captain-Lieutenant marching in the Reer of him several paces and that particular division is brought up by the Captains-Lieutenants Bringer-up 2 The second division of Muskettiers is led by the second Captain-Lieutenant and brought up by the first or eldest Captains-Lieutenant 3 The third division of Muskettiers is led by the sixth Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant 4 The fourth division of Muskettiers is led by the fifth Captains Lieutenant and brought up by the fourth Captain 5 The first division of Pikes is led by the eldest Captain having the Colonels and second Captains Colours flying in the head of them Place this between page 162 and 163. This Regiment being thus drawn up they stand in the length of their Front or Battalia 150 abrest and six in their depth having two thirds of Muskettiers and one of Pikes their number amounting in all to 900 men each particular Company consisting of fifteen Files and containing in each of them 90 men a piece but the Field-Officers Companies are many times larger Place this between page 164 and 165. 6 The second division of Pikes is led by the fifth and sixth Captains Ensigns having their own Colours flying upon the head of the same 7 The third Division of Pikes is led by the fifth Captain having the Majors and eldest Captains Colours flying upon the head of the same 8 The fourth division of Pikes is led by the fourth and seventh Captains Ensigns having their own Colours flying upon the head of the same 9 The fifth and last Division of Pikes is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels and third Captains Ensigns having likewise their own Colours flying upon the head of the same and the Reer of the Pikes is brought up by the third Captain 10 The first division of Muskettiers on the left Flank is led by the second Captain and brought up by the fourth Captains Lieutenant 11 The second upon the left is led by the third Captains Lieutenant and brought up by the Majors Lieutenant 12 The third division is led by the seventh Captain and brought up by his own Lieutenant 13 The fourth or last division of Muskettiers is led by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the Reer of the Regiment is brought up by the Lieutenant-Colonel Notwithstanding I have thus laid down the manner of the Divisions with the placing of the Officers there are also from all these divisions both of the Pikes and Muskettiers sub-divisions drawn off upon the Long-march betwixt every fifth or sixth File as they can equally divide them with even proportions to march And for the leading of such divisions there are Serjeants cast in that properly belong unto them which do lead and bring them up so that upon this accompt they make in their Long-regimental-march some thirty divisions by reason as I conceive upon any Alt or convenient place of drawing them all up even abrest the Serjeants as well as the superiour-Officers may be helpful to bring up the File-leaders again as at the first into their proper places And thus far I have endeavoured for the satisfaction of all ingenious Souldiers to set forth the manner of Colonel Rainsboroughs Regiment of their drawing up disposing of Colours and placing of Officers as was the Observation of my ever-honor'd Friend and most exquisite knowing Souldier Thomas Walker one of the Captains of the same Regiment and a true lover of the Military-art who frienly communicated to me the practise of their Regiment Which although it differs from the drawing up of all others in our Army as I am inform'd they varying in one kinde or other by their several ways I question not but this may be as good as any of the rest which I leave to the judgment of the curious searchers into this Art whilst I proceed to shew the Figures following CHAP. XVIII A third way of drawing up a Regiment of Ten Companies after the manner used amongst the Swedes THe Companies meeting altogether whether it be in the Alarum place otherwise at their general Randezvous where they have ground and room sufficient enough for their drawing up The Major appointing forth unto the Lieutenant-Colonels Company a place most convenient to stand he draws all the rest of the Companies upon the left of him after this
Hereupon it is to be supposed the Relievers are advanced toward the Main-Guard where the relieved are to be drawn off and to make a stand expecting till the Relievers shall come up which being done the relieved then are to troop homeward and after that they have attended and seen their Colours lodged they are to disband and not before And now further to satisfie the expectation of the Lovers of the Art Military it shall not seem unseasonable here to declare somewhat concerning the manner of Field-Watches or Vigils de Campe denoted unto us by the Expert and Ancients under these three Notions The first are Castra temporanea aleager ad placitum pitcht onely for the present and may perhaps alter and change it's Station in a day or an hour according to the pleasure and judgement of the General and Commanders in chief Secondly there are Castra a select or constant Camp so called because of their intentions of continuance in the besieging of a Castle or Town c. until they shall have taken the same or by some other necessity or further advantage forced to raise their Seige The third and last called Castra Such a Camp as is pitcht before or neer some Rivers side to oppose and frustrate the Incursions of the Enemy who otherwise might this way break in for the infesting or taking of a Country Now concerning such Watches or Guards which shall relate unto several Camps both in regard of the several and most convenient places for securing the Camps by Sentinels and Perdues they are to be primarily appointed and ordered according to the discretion command of the Masters of the Field whether Generals or Majors of Brigades afterwards the Serjeant-Majors Captains of Regiments according to their commands and relieved order are to design them for the aforesaid place To enlarge the several Arguments and Disputes that might further arise in-point of Field-duties relating thereunto would be too tedious and to little purpose in regard that whosoever shall but diligently observe what hath before been set down concerning the duty of Watches in Garrison and Fortresses may sufficiently be able to apprehend and perform all manner of Duties that shall concern this Field-service provided that he be careful to adhere to the directions of the Field-Officers in all points and diligent to observe the manner of managing of all things according to their instructions And therefore to avoid prolixity and fruitless disputes I refer the Reader to what hath been above related CHAP. XXV The ordering of a private Company unto a Funeral-occasion WHen any Commander or Souldier of worth shall be deceased a private Captain that would shew respect and honour by marching along with his Company attending the Corps to the place of burial must order his Souldiers after this manner They being summon'd by beat of the Drum to meet at their usual place of Rendezvous they may be drawn up according to the usual manner having a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard being thus ordered and each of the Souldiers having either in his Hat a black Feather or Ribbin the Captain may draw them off and order them to their Long-march moving them away in an orderly manner unto the place of him that is deceased and there make Alt. After which he may command the Muskettiers in the Van to open to the right and left outward to such convenient distance as the Pikes may move up between them and take possession of their first ground and those Muskettiers may face about and move down cleer of the Pikes and after close their Files inward to Order and face to their Leader Now being in two Divisions let them so continue with their Arms ordered until such time as they shall perceive the Corps to be brought forth into the Street then the Captain may face them all about and move them some three Pikes length before the Corps after which he may command his Muskettiers to perform their Funeral-Posture which is to have their Muskets under their left Arm with the But-end upward their Rests likewise on that side trailing After which the Pikes are to face again to their first Front and to lay the narrow end of their Pikes down upon the ground after facing about to the left and bringing up the But-end of their Pikes on their right side conforming themselves with the Muskettiers in their Funeral-Postures In the next place the Ensign strips his Colours off from the Staff and ties them about his right Wast putting a black Ribbon towards the very end of his Staff he after faceth to the Body of Pikes standing in the Reer of them and trailing his Staff in the same Posture Next followeth the Captain having in his hand a Half-pike or Leading-staff conforming himself likewise to his Funeral-Posture Thus being all ready to march and rightly faced toward that place where the Corps are to be interred are after this manner following to lead and to bring up The first Division of Muskettiers which was the Reer-guard is led by the Lieutenant the next Division of Muskettiers that was formerly the Van-guard is led by the second Serjeant the Body of Pikes is led by the eldest Serjeant he trailing a Half-pike upon the head of them the Ensign bringing it up and the Captain twelve foot short of him bringing up the Reer of the whole Company And after him the Ministers marching just before the Coffin in the Reer next unto it the neerest kindred and after them those that are invited to the Funeral Having thus stated the manner and order of the Military Part with all others belonging thereunto for any ordinary Funeral-occasion I shall in the next place proceed to shew their Order upon the March and how each Arms ought to be disposed before the Corps enter into the Church with the rest of the Train All persons being ordered as before expressed the Drums being covered with Black-bays and placed betwixt the second and third Ranks in each Division and all being ready to move the Drums may begin to beat their Funeral-March and the Lieutenant leading them away with the But-end of his Pattison upward and comported the rest following and marching in a leasurable and slow way along together until they come within a hundred foot of the Church-door or place where the Corps are to be interred there making Alt. After which let the Muskettiers in their Ranks File to the right and left not advancing ground and face in opposition making a Guard for the rest to pass through and resting their Muskets or putting the But-end thereof to the ground with the Barrel towards them which is a conformity to the Pikes being ordered In the mean time let the Pikes advance their Arms and immediately after move forward betwixt the Guard of Muskettiers and let their Ranks afterward file to the right and left making also a Guard their Pikes being ordered and they as the rest facing in opposition Then let the Captain who brings up the
your Musket Ram home your Charge Draw forth your Scowring-stick Turn and shorten him to a handful Return your Scowring-stick Bring forward your Musket Poyse Ballance your Musket in your left hand with your Barrel upward Draw forth your Match Blow your Coal Cock your Match Filt your Match Guard your Pan Blow the Ashes from your Coal Open your Pan. Present upon your left hand Give fire Brest-high Dismount your Musket holding him still in your left hand Uncock and return your Match Clear your Pan. Shut your Pan. Set the Butt-end of your Musket to the ground Lay down your Musket Lay down your Match Take off your Bandeliers Lay down your Bandeliers An Advertisement to the Souldiery of the Nation WHereas this Book in the several Tracts thereof with much variety doth set forth at large as to their several kinds and changes all your Military Motions and Postures which may not only serve to give light to the unexperienced and lead them by the hand into the Military Gardens of Honour and other * Place this Sheet betwixt Bb and Cc * places where they are trained up until by degrees they arrive unto perfection but may delight and confirm the most able and most knowing Souldiers whilst here they read over those several forms in which heretofore they stood when in so many Battails with such admirable success they have both opposed and overcome their Enemies And whereas even from hence may be extracted many excellent Directions and Rudiments of War which may incourage and fully inable all active and gallant Spirits in this City of London to perform such Commands and to follow those Conducts to which they shall be disciplined by those exquisite and most expert Souldiers who shall train them up either in the new Artillery or any other ground of such Honorable Imployment and hereby be so fitted and furnished with all directions that the performance of them shall render them most acceptable yet I cannot but confess that through the usual variety of this most Noble Profession proceeding from the great plenty which these times afford thereof the exercise of Arms being every where so frequently shown that the most plain and ordinary Rules though far more useful are not so well rellished many men looking more in such your publick Trainings after novelty and delight then solidity which was purposely contrived by the Authors of it only for variety and for drawing of one another to the love of Arms and not for any prejudice to the Fundamentals of War on which the Ruine or the Safety of the Kingdom and Commonwealth of the World depends If peradventure it be alleadged that he who can perform things of difficulty will be more apt to carry on things of more facility It may be speedily answered that the plain Rudiments and Principles of War being of greatest use and importance and practised in all Armies both in this and other Nations they are by no means to be neglected or omitted but to be preserved and esteemed in that high manner which they do deserve for the ability in the performance of them will no doubt more readily prefer a man and render him more capable of any imployment then the practice of any useless or impertinent things in War Add unto this that the more easie and plain a man is in his command the more readily it is received by the Souldiers and more promptly obeyed for new coined and Sesquipedalian words of Command do so puzzle and torment the apprehensions with directions and expositions to have them understood that not only they oftentimes transcend the reach of those that are to give them but they do much amaze and confound the capacities of those who are to be led and ordered by them I do the rather make mention of this in this place that a discreet care be taken that no man make himself ridiculous in his undertakings or Commands but that he may be able to give an absolute account of any Branch which in the whole Body of the Art Military shall be propounded to him to give satisfaction therein to any judicious Souldier as concerning the use purpose and property of it for otherwise it would signifie nothing at all But when a man being required thereunto can render a sufficient reason for what he doth or shall voluntarily give it himself as to this or that management of any service in War it will very much both content him and inform them who shall be under his Command and give them a just encouragement to proceed in it but if he should fail in this point of Knowledge and Judgment there is but little benefit to be expected from his Conduct for it were far better that a man did but a little in a Souldierly way which is proper and carrying good approbation to men of understanding then to spin forth a long thred with new expressions and inventions that are of no use or profit but tend rather unto laughter and to the loss of time and the offence of many and to the bringing of a generall contempt upon the Art And although there be many Rules which may be sufficient forms to direct and to teach to be expert in War and doubtless are of great concernment to them who have both the. Theorick and the Practick part yet nevertheless there is no rule but at some time or other doth admit of some exception there being espepially so many cross events in War that no Commander can positively tie himself up to any Rule for occasions do vary so in several places that the chiefest Rule a man can walk by is his Eye and his Intelligence wherein accordingly he must accommodate himself to encounter his Enemies And although a Commander should be qualified with much Knowledge Courage and Faithfulness the only accomplishments of a true Souldier yet they are to be attended with diligence for in all his undertakings and performances delays being always dangerous it is usually said That which is soonest done and well done is best done But above all he is to have an eye to order which is the very life of an Army And in acting against an Enemy great care is to be taken not to puzzle the Souldiers by confounding their understandings which may occasion their utter overthrow And this makes me to reflect on what hath been mentioned heretofore Let every Commander that truly delights in Military exercises study to be exact in all plain things and practice the Souldiers much in the exercise thereof for this is the only use and is altogether practised and observed in the Field If a man will be curious in new fancies there are stratagems enough to be found out in which he may exercise himself with much variety to delight the curious and find much matter in them to be highly valued and esteemed But this is to be carried on in a plain way the study whereof would ask some time and it is not easily obtained by ordinary capacities which should
the Captains being lodged so neer them You may observe that in this lust form of Quartering there are 20 foot of the 200 allowed the Souldiers in depth taken off and added to the street between the Captains and the Sutlers for the street being in the former Quarter but 20 foot broad was found to be too narrow for the Waggons and Carriages to pass to and fro which did continually go and come through it with Provisions for the Army And whereas in the allowance of 200 foot in depth for the Souldiers there were but two allotted to lodge or hut together it happened sometimes that they came to quarter in places where there was small store of Provision to but withal so that the Souldiers could neither fit the ground allotted to them nor make any uniform or handsome huts therefore it was thought fit to take from them the said 20 foot and to allow them but 180. Note that the Officers must see the Souldiers build formally and that they make their Beds a foot and half or two foot from the ground to prevent sickness which they will be subject to fall into by lying upon the ground Note that when the Regiment is quartered in one Division the Colonels Company quarters on the right hand the Lieutenant-Colonels on the left the Sergeant-Majors next the Colonel the eldest Captain next him and so all the rest of the Captains by seniority in order from the right hand But if the Regiment be quartered in two Divisions then the Lieutenant-Colonels Company quarters on the right hand of the second Division the Sergeant-Majors in his place on the left hand of the first the eldest Captain next the Colonel the second on the left hand of the second Division the third next the eldest the fourth next the Lieutenant-Colonel the fifth next the third the sixth next the fourth in the second Division and so all the rest of the Captains according to this Order Observing if it may be that the youngest Captain be always placed next to him that closeth the left flank of the second Division Quartering of Horse THe Horse unless pressed by an Enemy are always or most commonly quartered in Houses both for the commodity of Forrage and that their Horses may stand under covert which otherwise by standing three or four nights in rain and cold would be in danger to be spoiled and made unserviceable So careful saith Melzo was the Duke of Alva of his Horse that he not only quartered them in Houses but made Courts of Guard upon the Avenues and places where they watched to shelter them from the weather But seeing they may be sometimes forced to make Huts I will shew you their manner of Quartering which is the same as the Foot but that they have more ground allowed them especially in bredth for their main streets are twenty foot broad and the men have ten foot allowed them whereas the Foot have but eight foot for either Hut their Horses are allowed ten foot in bredth and four in depth so the ground allowed for 100 Horse is 300 foot in depth and 70 in bredth The Explanation of the following Figure The Quartering of four Cornets of Horse A Alarm-place B Lieutenants lodging C Cornets lodging D Souldiers Huts E Stables F Street between the Souldiers Huts G Street between the Souldiers and Horses H Street between the Captain and Souldiers I Captains K Street between Captain and Sutlers L Sutlers The Quartering of an Army of Foot A Alarm-place B Entrenchment C Generals Pavilions D General of the Ordnance his loding E Ammunition and Ordnance F Divisions of Foot The Quartering of foure Cornets of Horse The Quartering of an Army of Foote A Good Commanders Judgment is to be discerned by his well chusing of ground to quarter on for he must not only chuse a place advantageous to resist an Enemy but where there is plenty of Forrage Water and other Necessaries and where the Air is wholsome and how necessary it is to intrench a Quarter and what ease and safety it brings to an Army dayly experience tells us and whereas by lying open you are subject to be affronted and forced to fight by an Enemy it is in your choice being Intrenched whether you fight or not which is no small advantage besides your Watches will fall nothing so often nor your Guards so troublesome The Romans were the first that found out the right use of the Spade and the benefit of Intrenching and it is from Caesar that our late great Generals have learned the way to Beleaguer and single Towns with Works and Trenches though the use of Powder have made them alter the form and manner of working and how advantageous it its to make such Works the taking not to speak of Alexis and other places by the Prince of Orange but of Groll Bolduke Mastricht and Breda within these few years in the view as I may say of an Enemies Army are sufficient testimonies and as divers Armies have in vain attempted the relief of Towns thus beleaguered so have some out of negligence and want of care in making their Lines of circumvallation been forced to quit their design and rise with dishonour The manner how the Prince of Orange his Army was Quartered with the General Officers Artillery Waggons c. A His Excellency B Count William C Count Henry D Strangers of Quality E Du. of Kessel F Waggons G Sutlers Market-place H Ryhoven 3 Troops of Horse R John Bax 3 Troops of Horse S Wageman 3 Troops of Horse T La. Salle 3 Troops of Horse Y Stabenbrook 4 Troops of Horse Z Co. John 3 Troops of Horse Δ Marquette 3 Troops of Horse Θ M. Bax 4 Troops of Horse Φ Count Henry 3 Troops of Horse ΠGuardens 4 Troops of Horse Ω Quaet 3 Troops of Horse Σ Smelsing 3 Troops of Horse I Dragoons K Count Ernest 6 Dutch Companies X 8 Companies of Frisons O Rob. Hinderson 19 Scotch Companies W Count John Ernest 16 Companies of Wallons P Bechune 19 French Companies Q Chastillon 19 French Companies L Hollis 10 English Companies M. Cheek 10 English Companies N. Cecil 10 English Companies V. Horatio Vere 15 English Companies Orders to be given out in a Quarter 1 NO man without leave of his Officer shall go further then Cannon-shot out of the Quarter or lie in the night out of the Quarter upon pain of the Strappado and if he have done any man hurt he shall be hanged without mercy 2. No man shall do hurt to such as are under Neutrality or Safe-guard upon pain of bodily punishment 3. No man shall fight within the Quarter draw his Sword or make any uproar in the night upon the like pain 4. No man shall molest any Sutler or such as bring Provision into the Leaguer spoil or take any of their Goods from them within or without the Leaguer upon the like pain 5. No man shall sell any Booty or Goods in the Leaguer without sound of Drum and
Then let the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers next the Flanks advance forward 12 paces the Muskettiers upon the right to be led away by the Captain-Lieutenant and those upon the left by the third Captain being assisted by four Serjeants apiece let them fire the first Divisions some six or eight times over falling in the Reer of themselves then wheel them off to the right and left into the ground of those Divisions that follow them and facing again to their Front then let the Reer-divisions advance forward into their places and give fire in like manner to the former which being ended let those four divisions be led down into their first places Then let the next eight Divisions by the Pikes advance forward until they be cleer of the standing part those four Divisions upon the right are to be led away by the Majors Lieutenant and the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up and those four Divisions upon the left by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the third Captains Lieutenant assisted by 12 Serjeants then let them fire some half a score times the Front-divisions falling in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left into the ground of their Reer-divisions they then moving up into their places may fire after the same manner and having ended they may be led down all again into their first places Then Command the first Divisions of Muskettiers to face about to the right and let them and the two last Divisions move forward and range even abrest with those that stand before them and after face all to the Front then let the Muskettiers face outward and move 12 paces and after face again to the Front then move up those divisions that were the Forlorn-hope to the right and left into the Front unto their first places and those that were the Reserves up even abrest with the Reer from whence they were taken after let them fire in and even Front altogether some half a score times over and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Colonels eldest and second Captains move forward the Pikes and charge on if they please the Colours falling in the second Rank being furled up and after let all order their Arms and reduce them into Companies again Reducement Left-half-ranks of Pikes face about and move down until you range even with the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to your Leader Right-half-ranks of Pikes advance forward and range even abrest with the Front-divisions of Muskettiers Files close to the left to Order of each grand Division then they will stand in two grand Divisions as at first the one in the Reer of the other then draw up the second grand Division provided there be room upon the left of the first Then let a Serjeant of each particular Company draw off those thirteen Files which before were taken off to ballance the Divisions into equal number and were appointed for the guard of the Ammunition or Baggage and bring them to joyn with their own Arms where their Captains Companies stands Which being done let every Captain draw off his own men being assisted by his Lieutenants and Serjeants and compleating them up into a Body as at first his Pikes to be flanked with Muskettiers they may after march away in single Companies after such manner unto their several Quarters as shall be appointed to them by the Major And here I shall conclude concerning a Regiment of six Companies CHAP. XIII The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of seven Companies conteining in the four Captains twelve Files of Muskettiers and six of Pikes in each of their particular Companies and in the three Field-Officers sixteen Files apiece of Muskettiers and eight of Pikes which amounts to the number of 864 men IT hath been my observation in the City of London and the Suburbs thereof there being eighteen Regiments nine of the Trained Bands and nine of the Auxiliaries that their Regiments in some have but six Companies others and that for the most part seven and again in some and but a few to have eight Companies I shall therefore for the better satisfaction of such as remain unskill'd herein go through them all partly to shew the practise of this our City in their several drawings up with the reasons to confirm the same And having passed over as much as is convenient to satisfie any ingenious Souldier concerning the drawing up of six Companies in a Regimental-way with the confirmation and reasons of every particular Officer as he there stands it may in many things give full light to this that follows of seven Companies Yet nevertheless for more fuller satisfaction herein I shall shew the true manner hereof that I may not be wanting to any Souldiers benefit that he shall receive thereby Where note for better Order herein that I have pitcht upon a particular number of men although it may many times fall out so that the Captains Companies and the Field-Officers cannot be so full as I have here set down Or again it may chance to fall out as in our Trained Bands of London that they be a great deal fuller as sometimes they are for I have led a particular Company my self upon a general day being drawn into the Filed consisting of above 300 men Yet nevertheless whether the Companies be great or small observe this general Rule make two grand Divisions and ballance their number equal in both Arms and make no more Sub-divisions then what you have Captains to lead and Lieutenants to bring up and let the Serjeants march by the Flanks and not presume either to lead or bring up any divisions being conceived by most to be very improper And again if you fight the Regiment let your Muskettiers as neer as you can be equal alike in their Sub-divisions as they may most conveniently fall out whether four five or six abrest it makes no great matter always leaving in time of fight between such numbers of Files six foot of ground interval for to wheel off their Ranks after they have fired Now suppose the whole Regiment were marching to their general place of Randezvous the Major being there beforehand attending the Companies coming in he Orders to the Colonels Company the most convenient place for their drawing up and next to him the fourth Captains Company upon the left and next to him the third Captain and after him the eldest or first Captain which makes the first grand Division In the next place he orders the Lieutenant-Colonels Company to be on the left of the whole Regiment standing in even Front with the Colonel upon the right of him the second Captain is placed and after him the Majors own Company which make up the second grand Division Having thus far proceeded let the Major command the Pikes and Colours to advance forward ten paces before the Front of Muskettiers then let him close the Pikes of the first four Companies to the right to Order and the Pikes of the last to the left to