Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	colour_n	white_a	zone_n	15	3	15.6729	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35310	The antient and present state of Muscovy containing a geographical, historical, and political account of all those nations and territories under the jurisdiction of the present czar : with sculptures and a new map / by J.C., M.D., Fellow of the Royal Society, and a member of the College of Physicians, London.	Crull, J. (Jodocus), d. 1713?	1698 (1698)	Wing C7424; Wing C7425; ESTC R2742	334,877	511

upper_a lip_n or_o chin_n the_o stature_n and_o proportion_n of_o their_o body_n be_v very_o large_a something_o above_o the_o common_a size_n they_o be_v clean_a and_o well_o proportion_v in_o their_o limb_n their_o air_n though_o somewhat_o stern_a and_o resolute_a yet_o carry_v not_o any_o mark_n of_o cruelty_n or_o savageness_n along_o with_o it_o their_o habit_n resemble_v that_o of_o most_o all_o the_o other_o tartar_n both_o europaean_n and_o asiatic_o be_v make_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o cassock_n or_o large_a vest_n fit_v to_o their_o body_n but_o the_o material_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_a sheepskin_n about_o the_o waste_n they_o wear_v a_o cord_n or_o small_a girdle_n wherein_o hang_v their_o bow_n and_o quiver_n which_o be_v their_o constant_a companion_n wherever_o they_o go_v their_o head_n be_v shave_v to_o the_o crown_n where_o they_o preserve_v a_o good_a tuft_n of_o hair_n thick_a enough_o to_o make_v two_o good_a lock_n one_o of_o which_o hang_v down_o before_o the_o other_z behind_z upon_o their_o head_n they_o be_v no_o other_o cover_v than_o a_o round_a cap_n or_o rather_o bonnet_n make_v of_o the_o same_o stuff_n with_o their_o habit_n only_o that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o there_o be_v a_o pretty_a large_a tuft_n of_o red_a white_a or_o green_a silk_n or_o perhaps_o of_o some_o other_o colour_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o horde_n as_o they_o belong_v to_o these_o horde_n wear_v these_o different_a colour_a tuft_n as_o a_o certain_a mark_n whereby_o to_o distinguish_v themselves_o from_o one_o another_o their_o chief_a man_n among_o they_o especial_o such_o as_o live_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o sable_n and_o martin_n be_v catch_v make_v their_o garment_n either_o of_o those_o fur_n or_o else_o of_o dog-skin_n and_o sometime_o especial_o during_o the_o winter_n they_o join_v both_o together_o they_o general_o wear_v the_o hair_n of_o the_o dog_n of_o which_o they_o keep_v a_o great_a number_n outermost_a make_v the_o fur_n of_o the_o sable_n or_o martin_n the_o line_n to_o the_o other_o not_o but_o that_o they_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a how_o much_o the_o first_o exceed_v the_o latter_a both_o in_o beauty_n and_o value_n but_o say_v they_o we_o do_v not_o think_v it_o just_a that_o the_o dog_n who_o in_o his_o life-time_n have_v be_v so_o serviceable_a to_o we_o in_o find_v out_o and_o catch_v the_o sable_n or_o martin_n shall_v be_v debase_v after_o his_o death_n below_o those_o he_o conquer_v but_o that_o his_o past_a service_n ought_v to_o be_v remember_v by_o prefer_v he_o after_o his_o death_n before_o his_o enemy_n which_o he_o vanquish_v when_o alive_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o muscovite_n after_o they_o have_v hunt_v out_o these_o so_o far_o distant_a country_n do_v not_o acquiesce_v here_o but_o leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a till_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o a_o easy_a passage_n through_o those_o tartarian_a country_n to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n and_o japan_n to_o obtain_v this_o end_n they_o use_v to_o send_v frequent_o their_o ambassador_n and_o sometime_o messenger_n on_o some_o pretence_n or_o another_o into_o those_o part_n who_o have_v take_v several_a way_n at_o last_o make_v the_o passage_n betwixt_o the_o russian_a empire_n and_o china_n tolerable_o commodious_a to_o their_o merchant_n who_o now_o travel_v from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o pekin_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o chinese_n empire_n in_o less_o than_o four_o month_n time_n with_o conveniency_n enough_o especial_o since_o the_o muscovite_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o caravan_n have_v build_v several_a city_n and_o fort_n as_o the_o city_n of_o genessay_n or_o jenessay_n among_o the_o tingoëse_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o that_o name_n the_o city_n of_o szelinga_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n beside_o several_a fortress_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v call_v albazin_n build_v upon_o the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr three_o month_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o but_o three_o week_n travel_v from_o pekin_n the_o metropolis_n of_o china_n when_o the_o muscovian_a merchant_n undertake_v this_o great_a journey_n china_n how_o the_o muscovite_n travel_v into_o china_n they_o common_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o winter-season_n which_o be_v the_o most_o commodious_a in_o muscovy_n for_o travel_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n which_o in_o the_o summertime_n be_v no_o small_a obstacle_n to_o traveller_n be_v all_o freeze_a over_o they_o usual_o set_v out_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n when_o the_o snow_n be_v well_o beat_v they_o travel_v in_o sled_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o tobol_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o siberia_n to_o wit_n above_o 800_o english_a mile_n in_o less_o than_o three_o week_n from_o hence_o they_o continue_v their_o journey_n by_o land_n to_o the_o utmost_a frontier_n of_o siberia_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o tostiouski_n a_o horde_n of_o tartar_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n here_o they_o change_v their_o carriage_n which_o they_o send_v back_o into_o siberia_n for_o one_o much_o more_o swift_a and_o commodious_a for_o whereas_o the_o muscovite_n sleds_o be_v usual_o draw_v but_o by_o one_o horse_n they_o make_v use_v in_o those_o part_n of_o a_o certain_a beast_n call_v the_o reen_n or_o rain-deer_n which_o they_o put_v in_o their_o sled_n and_o to_o make_v it_o go_v the_o more_o swift_a they_o tie_v a_o great_a dog_n behind_o that_o by_o his_o bark_n rain-deer_n the_o reen_n or_o rain-deer_n scare_v the_o poor_a beast_n make_v it_o run_v with_o that_o swiftness_n that_o it_o carry_v the_o sled_n six_o or_o sevenscore_n miles_n a_o day_n this_o creature_n probable_o the_o tarandius_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n be_v by_o the_o modern_a latin_n call_v rangifer_n from_o the_o word_n reen_n which_o be_v the_o name_n give_v it_o by_o the_o laplander_n who_o as_o likewise_o the_o samoyede_n and_o some_o other_o northern_a nation_n make_v a_o considerable_a advantage_n of_o these_o beast_n not_o only_o in_o their_o sled_n but_o also_o by_o make_v clothes_n of_o their_o skin_n it_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o large_a stagg_n but_o much_o strong_a with_o a_o very_a high_a breast_n where_o the_o hair_n which_o be_v of_o a_o grayish_a colour_n incline_v to_o white_a be_v very_o long_o and_o rough_a they_o have_v cleave_v hoof_n the_o horn_n of_o which_o be_v as_o hard_a as_o iron_n so_o that_o make_v at_o every_o step_n a_o impression_n in_o the_o ice_n they_o go_v as_o secure_o as_o if_o they_o be_v shall_v with_o frost-nail_n or_o walk_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o with_o such_o swiftness_n that_o they_o often_o travel_v 150_o mile_n a_o day_n their_o horn_n be_v high_a than_o those_o of_o the_o elk_n and_o large_a than_o a_o stagg_n they_o have_v on_o the_o forehead_n two_o brow-anklers_a wherewith_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o dig_v up_o the_o white_a moss_n from_o under_o the_o snow_n for_o their_o food_n and_o break_v the_o ice_n to_o get_v water_n to_o quench_v their_o thirst_n for_o the_o rest_n they_o be_v very_o sociable_a creature_n feed_v in_o herd_n and_o easy_o tame_v and_o make_v serviceable_a for_o the_o draught_n of_o sled_n which_o they_o perform_v with_o a_o incredible_a swiftness_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o creature_n the_o muscovian_a merchant_n travel_v with_o great_a expedition_n as_o long_o as_o the_o ice_n continue_v to_o bear_v to_o the_o city_n of_o genessay_n or_o jenessay_n build_v by_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o traveller_n from_o thence_o they_o take_v boat_n to_o go_v up_o the_o two_o river_n biakala_n lake_n of_o biakala_n tongusi_n and_o augara_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o baikala_n where_o both_o these_o river_n have_v their_o rise_n the_o water_n of_o this_o lake_n be_v extraordinary_a clear_a but_o what_o make_v the_o passage_n over_o it_o very_o difficult_a and_o tedious_a be_v that_o it_o be_v surround_v on_o all_o side_n with_o very_a high_a rock_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v thereby_o check_v they_o blow_v so_o various_o and_o from_o several_a point_n at_o a_o time_n that_o they_o put_v the_o master_n of_o the_o vessel_n to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o danger_n and_o trouble_n so_o that_o though_o its_o breadth_n be_v not_o 30_o mile_n over_o yet_o be_v they_o oblige_v to_o spend_v sometime_o a_o whole_a week_n in_o pass_v it_o after_o they_o have_v get_v over_o this_o lake_n they_o immediate_o enter_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o country_n of_o the_o mongul_n tartar_n sail_n sleds_o with_o sail_n where_o be_v furnish_v with_o mule_n and_o dromedary_n they_o continue_v their_o journey_n towards_o the_o confine_n of_o china_n which_o be_v common_o do_v in_o

fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o day_n but_o before_o we_o part_v with_o our_o travel_a merchant_n i_o can_v forbear_v to_o mention_v here_o a_o certain_a way_n they_o use_v in_o those_o part_n of_o ease_v these_o reen_o or_o sled-stag_n in_o their_o travel_n it_o be_v the_o more_o surprise_v the_o less_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v practise_v among_o the_o europaean_n though_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v some_o year_n since_o see_v something_o not_o unlike_a to_o it_o in_o holland_n viz._n a_o certain_a machine_n drive_v forward_o by_o the_o help_n of_o sail_n upon_o a_o level_n this_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o sail_n which_o when_o the_o wind_n favour_n they_o put_v up_o in_o their_o sled_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v drive_v along_o sometime_o over_o the_o land_n cover_v with_o snow_n sometime_o over_o the_o river_n freeze_v with_o ice_n the_o dog_n and_o deer_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o a_o country_n all_o level_n china_n why_o the_o muscovite_n travel_v by_o land_n into_o china_n such_o as_o be_v that_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n betwixt_o siberia_n and_o mount_n caucasus_n as_o the_o oar_n in_o a_o vessel_n when_o becalm_v or_o labour_v against_o the_o wind._n it_o will_v perhaps_o seem_v strange_a to_o those_o who_o have_v some_o knowledge_n of_o these_o north-eastern_a part_n that_o whereas_o these_o travel_a merchant_n may_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o charge_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o those_o great_a number_n of_o river_n which_o be_v betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n they_o shall_v choose_v the_o way_n by_o land_n as_o be_v both_o more_o chargeable_a and_o troublesome_a but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_o evident_a out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o grand_fw-fr tartary_n betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n be_v not_o so_o desert_n as_o have_v be_v imagine_v there_o be_v insurmountable_a obstacle_n in_o these_o river_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o deter_v even_o the_o best_a seaman_n in_o the_o world_n much_o more_o the_o russian_n who_o be_v hitherto_o not_o the_o most_o expert_a in_o sea-affair_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o river_n who_o name_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v in_o europe_n the_o most_o considerable_a both_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o extent_n of_o their_o course_n be_v the_o river_n oby_n genessay_n or_o jenessay_n lena_n and_o yamour_n the_o two_o first_o have_v this_o inconveniency_n that_o where_o they_o disembogue_v into_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o year_n long_o so_o choke_v up_o with_o whole_a mountain_n of_o ice_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o dangerous_a beside_o which_o the_o latter_a of_o the_o two_o be_v towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o so_o full_a of_o cataract_n or_o water-falls_a at_o some_o league_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o occasion_v by_o the_o rock_n who_o top_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o most_o delicious_a flower_n by_o their_o odoriferous_a scent_n perfume_v the_o circumjacent_a air_n that_o they_o can_v be_v pass_v without_o unlade_v the_o vessel_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o great_a charge_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n lena_n lie_v more_o easterly_a be_v not_o so_o much_o pester_v with_o ice_n as_o the_o former_a and_o its_o course_n much_o more_o easy_a yet_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o rock_n and_o shelf_n which_o lie_v very_o close_o to_o one_o another_o at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n render_v it_o very_o dangerous_a if_o not_o quite_o unpassable_a to_o ship_n of_o never_o so_o little_a burden_n except_o it_o be_v to_o very_o small_a fisher-boat_n it_o be_v true_a the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr the_o most_o easterly_a of_o all_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a for_o traffic_n its_o course_n be_v uniform_a be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o sea-bull-rush_n which_o at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o sea_n grow_v like_o a_o forest_n of_o that_o thickness_n that_o a_o man_n can_v hardly_o grasp_v one_o of_o they_o with_o both_o his_o arm_n whereby_o all_o passage_n for_o ship_n to_o go_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v quite_o obstruct_a all_o these_o difficulty_n and_o obstacle_n consider_v who_o can_v blame_v the_o muscovite_n if_o they_o prefer_v the_o most_o commodious_a and_o short_a way_n before_o the_o danger_n of_o these_o river_n which_o however_o be_v not_o useless_a but_o rather_o very_o commodious_a to_o they_o in_o their_o land-travel_n from_o siberia_n across_o the_o tartarian_a province_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o china_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o travel_v with_o more_o ease_n over_o they_o when_o they_o be_v freeze_v and_o be_v more_o navigable_a towards_o their_o source_n than_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o their_o course_n during_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o chinese_n arisen_a about_o the_o building_n of_o the_o fort_n of_o albazin_n by_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr these_o merchant_n use_v to_o go_v by_o water_n upon_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o szelinga_n as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n which_o bear_v the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o last_o of_o these_o river_n be_v build_v there_o by_o the_o muscovite_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o travel_a mercant_n from_o this_o city_n they_o travel_v by_o land_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o mongul_n to_o the_o place_n of_o residence_n of_o the_o chan_n of_o becroesain_n one_o of_o their_o principal_a chans_n where_o also_o reside_v the_o coutusta-lama_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o tartarian_a high_a priest_n here_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o present_n they_o obtain_v guide_n and_o carriage_n with_o a_o good_a convoy_n who_o conduct_n they_o to_o the_o frontier_n if_o china_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o samoyede_n groenland_n livonia_n and_o courland_n the_o samoyede_n or_o samogede_n inhabit_v that_o tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v north-east_n of_o siberia_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n extend_v to_o the_o straight_a of_o weigat_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n their_o habitation_n be_v under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n itself_o this_o country_n be_v first_o discover_v to_o the_o muscovite_n by_o a_o russian_a merchant_n who_o name_n be_v oneke_n who_o have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n trade_v with_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o rich_a fur_n and_o gather_v great_a wealth_n at_o last_o make_v a_o discovery_n of_o it_o to_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v send_v thither_o a_o splendid_a embassy_n they_o soon_o persuade_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o his_o czarish_n majesty_n pay_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o sable_a skin_n for_o their_o yearly_a tribute_n they_o be_v former_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o those_o the_o ancient_n call_v shytes_n or_o sarmates_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o word_n samoyede_v be_v a_o muscovian_a word_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o self-eater_n compose_v out_o of_o sam_n which_o signify_v once_o self_n and_o geda_n to_o eat_v because_o they_o use_v to_o eat_v the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a friend_n mix_v with_o their_o venison_n in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o this_o country_n abound_v and_o always_o be_v and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n their_o ordinary_a food_n some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o abii_n of_o which_o curtius_n speak_v that_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v obii_fw-la from_o the_o river_n oby_n though_o they_o have_v no_o city_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o live_v a_o vagabond-life_n like_o most_o of_o the_o tartar_n but_o have_v their_o settle_a habitation_n which_o be_v certain_a cabans_n or_o hut_n some_o foot_n deep_a under_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o circular_a figure_n build_v vault-wise_a a_o top_n have_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o a_o hole_n underneath_o which_o be_v the_o fire-place_n round_o about_o which_o they_o lie_v during_o the_o winter_n it_o serve_v both_o for_o a_o chimney_n and_o sometime_o for_o a_o door_n through_o which_o they_o let_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o other_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o the_o snow_n which_o fall_v here_o often_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a during_o this_o season_n which_o last_v six_o month_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o continual_a darkness_n their_o correspondence_n be_v maintain_v betwixt_o they_o by_o the_o trench_n or_o walk_n under_o ground_n from_o one_o hut_n to_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v they_o visit_v one_o another_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o melancholy_a light_n of_o lamp_n feed_v with_o oil_n draw_v of_o a_o certain_a fish_n of_o which_o as_o well_o as_o of_o all_o other_o necessary_n they_o make_v provision_n in_o the_o summer_n which_o season_n begin_v here_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o septentrional_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o rejoice_v

bravery_n have_v once_o more_o the_o impudence_n to_o look_v they_o in_o the_o face_n hurry_v on_o by_o their_o ill_a destiny_n to_o receive_v the_o reward_n of_o their_o treachery_n from_o their_o hand_n that_o the_o rest_n be_v pole_n the_o hereditary_a enemy_n of_o their_o country_n and_o religion_n unto_o who_o must_v be_v ascribe_v all_o the_o evil_n and_o mischief_n which_o have_v befall_v their_o empire_n for_o these_o several_a year_n last_o pass_v that_o this_o insolent_a nation_n not_o be_v content_v to_o have_v once_o before_o involve_v their_o country_n in_o blood_n and_o confusion_n by_o set_v up_o a_o impostor_n instead_o of_o the_o true_a demetrius_n slay_v at_o ugletz_n be_v now_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o impose_v upon_o they_o a_o second_o in_o order_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o enslave_v their_o country_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o true_a ancient_a greek_a religion_n he_o represent_v to_o they_o how_o 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observe_v that_o the_o cosack_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o zaporius_n do_v some_o year_n before_o when_o he_o fight_v hodwen_n the_o borisian_a general_n have_v place_v all_o their_o boy_n and_o other_o attendant_n belong_v to_o the_o baggage_n with_o some_o soldier_n enough_o to_o make_v up_o a_o front_n at_o some_o distance_n behind_o the_o line_n of_o battle_n these_o upon_o a_o signal_n agree_v betwixt_o they_o advance_v during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o battle_n with_o their_o colour_n fly_v drum_n beat_v and_z trumpets_z sounding_z which_o the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v already_o scarce_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o pole_n have_v perceive_v and_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o body_n of_o reserve_n come_v to_o attack_v they_o afresh_o they_o begin_v to_o give_v ground_n which_o the_o polish_v horse_n be_v sensible_a of_o they_o renew_v the_o charge_n with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o in_o less_o than_o a_o hour_n time_n they_o force_v the_o muscovian_a cavalry_n to_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o great_a disorder_n rout_v zuski_n army_n entire_o rout_v the_o infantry_n be_v thus_o expose_v both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n be_v soon_o put_v to_o a_o entire_a rout_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n be_v bereave_v of_o their_o horse_n to_o cover_v their_o retreat_n so_o that_o out_o of_o this_o vast_a army_n there_o be_v not_o five_o hundred_o left_a that_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o a_o body_n except_o five_o thousand_o who_o save_v themselves_o in_o the_o city_n of_o belchow_n but_o be_v in_o a_o few_o day_n after_o force_a to_o surrender_v at_o discretion_n to_o demetrius_n who_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o error_n as_o zuski_n do_v before_o with_o the_o cosack_n take_v they_o into_o pay_n and_o receive_v the_o same_o reward_n from_o their_o hand_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o demetrius_n be_v by_o so_o signal_n a_o victory_n become_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o the_o whole_a camp_n cannon_n and_o baggage_n of_o the_o enemy_n what_o 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the_o altar_n but_o it_o be_v beyond_o our_o present_a scope_n to_o digress_v further_o into_o the_o cloudy_a and_o superstitious_a rite_n of_o these_o banyan_o let_v we_o return_v to_o their_o traffic_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o our_o present_a intention_n these_o banyan_o therefore_o be_v the_o most_o in_o number_n throughout_o the_o city_n of_o surat_n blevitshia_n gandee_a goga_n cambaya_n dium_n pateppatene_n mangalor_n gondore_fw-la massary_n gandivi_fw-la balsara_n and_o in_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n hamed_n ewad_n or_o amadabath_n they_o manage_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o india_n not_o only_o in_o silk_n cotton_n but_o also_o all_o sort_n of_o proveado_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n satin_n velvet_n taffata_n satin_n for_o lining_n and_o carpet_n quilt_a coverlet_n of_o silk_n or_o cotton_n tent_n which_o be_v use_v instead_o of_o coach_n cabinet_n of_o lacque_fw-la chest_n board_n of_o tortoise_n shell_n seal_n bead_n chain_n button_n and_o ring_n of_o ivory_n amber_n rock_n crystal_n or_o agate_n the_o other_o commodity_n which_o by_o the_o banyan_o be_v transport_v into_o mnscovy_n and_o persia_n be_v sugar_n candy_a or_o in_o powder_n cummin_n opium_n ginger_n dry_a and_o preserve_v myrobolan_n or_o indian_a plum_n sal_fw-la armonias_fw-la musk_n amber_n greece_n lacque_fw-la saltpetre_n indigo_n borax_n assafaetida_fw-la and_o diamond_n beside_o several_a sort_n of_o other_o precious_a stone_n the_o lacque_fw-la be_v a_o gumm_n take_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a tree_n make_v lacque_fw-la how_o make_v not_o much_o unlike_o a_o plum_n tree_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o it_o all_o over_o the_o province_n of_o guzurette_n its_o native_a colour_n be_v red_a brown_n but_o the_o indianst_a beat_v i●_n to_o powder_n and_o after_o they_o have_v give_v it_o what_o colour_n they_o please_v make_v it_o into_o stick_n for_o to_o seal_v letter_n or_o beatfiie_v their_o cabinet_n and_o other_o household_n stuff_n saltpetre_n be_v make_v in_o those_o part_n make_v saltpetre_n how_o make_v out_o of_o the_o black_a and_o salt_a ground_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n have_v make_v certain_a trench_n they_o fill_v they_o with_o this_o nitrous_a earth_n and_o let_v into_o they_o out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a small_a rivulet_n so_o much_o water_n as_o they_o think_v sufficient_a for_o its_o soak_v which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o effectual_o do_v they_o tread_v it_o with_o their_o foot_n till_o it_o be_v well_o mix_v when_o they_o believe_v the_o water_n to_o have_v draw_v out_o all_o the_o nitrous_a substance_n which_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n they_o take_v after_o it_o be_v well_o settle_v the_o clear_a part_n of_o it_o which_o they_o dispose_v in_o another_o trench_n where_o after_o some_o time_n it_o grow_v thick_a and_o then_o they_o boil_v it_o like_o salt_n continual_o scum_v it_o last_o they_o put_v it_o into_o a_o great_a earthen_a pot_n where_o the_o gross_a dregs_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n they_o take_v of_o the_o saline_n substance_n which_o be_v set_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n till_o it_o grow_v hard_a and_o be_v reduce_v into_o that_o form_n as_o we_o see_v it_o in_o europe_n the_o best_a indigo_n in_o the_o world_n come_v from_o about_o amadabath_n prepare_v indigo_n how_o prepare_v the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o guzurat●e_n from_o a_o village_n call_v chirphee_n the_o herb_n out_o of_o which_o that_o be_v make_v be_v not_o unlike_a that_o of_o yellow_a parsnip_n but_o short_a and_o of_o a_o more_o bitter_a taste_n it_o sprout_n forth_o to_o branch_n like_o a_o reed_n grow_v some_o year_n when_o the_o season_n prove_v kind_a six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a with_o a_o flower_n like_o that_o that_o of_o a_o thistle_n and_o the_o seed_n altogether_o like_o fenugreek_n it_o be_v seldom_o sow_o till_o in_o june_n and_o be_v

ready_a to_o be_v cut_v towards_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o november_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n they_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n but_o the_o first_o year_n produce_v the_o best_a when_o the_o leaf_n be_v cut_v off_o within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o stalk_n be_v throw_v away_o as_o useless_a and_o the_o leave_v lay_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n which_o do_v they_o be_v put_v a_o put_v a_o soak_v for_o four_o or_o five_o day_n in_o a_o stone_n trough_n the_o water_n with_o the_o leaf_n be_v often_o stir_v till_o such_o time_n that_o the_o water_n have_v sufficient_o extract_v the_o whole_a tincture_n of_o the_o herb._n then_o the_o water_n be_v smooth_o draw_v off_o into_o another_o stone_n trough_n in_o order_n to_o let_v it_o settle_v for_o one_o night_n the_o next_o day_n all_o the_o water_n be_v again_o draw_v off_o to_o the_o settlement_n and_o what_o be_v thus_o leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trough_n be_v strain_v through_o a_o course_n cloth_n and_o so_o set_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o be_v true_a indigo_n which_o however_o the_o banyan_o frequent_o adulterate_a by_o mix_v with_o it_o a_o certain_a earth_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o because_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v judge_v by_o its_o lightness_n they_o have_v cunning_a enough_o to_o add_v to_o it_o some_o oil_n to_o make_v it_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o second_o year_n the_o stalk_v which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o year_n before_o shoot_v forth_o other_o leaf_n but_o they_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o those_o of_o the_o first_o though_o they_o much_o exceed_v the_o wild_a indigo_n wherefore_o they_o reserve_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o second_o year_n product_v for_o seed_n that_o of_o the_o three_o year_n be_v as_o much_o infersour_n in_o goodness_n to_o that_o of_o the_o second_o as_o that_o be_v in_o comparison_n of_o that_o of_o the_o first_o and_o be_v therefore_o in_o no_o esteem_n among_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v onmade_v use_n of_o in_o the_o country_n in_o die_v of_o their_o clothes_n after_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o ground_n three_o year_n they_o let_v the_o land_n lie_v fallow_a for_o one_o year_n before_o they_o set_v it_o again_o the_o banyan_o in_o general_n be_v the_o most_o crafty_a trader_n in_o the_o world_n which_o make_v the_o muscovite_n as_o do_v also_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a in_o india_n employ_v those_o reside_v at_o astrachan_n and_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n employ_v they_o for_o their_o factor_n and_o hawkers_o as_o be_v the_o most_o likely_a to_o discover_v the_o cheat_v of_o their_o brethren_n in_o india_n both_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n reside_v at_o astrachan_n be_v very_o industrious_a in_o keep_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n in_o their_o respective_a country_n but_o especial_o in_o all_o the_o seaport_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o it_o render_v the_o commerce_n with_o persia_n and_o consequent_o with_o the_o infidel_n very_o commodious_a to_o the_o muscovite_n among_o other_o the_o great_a city_n gangea_n one_o of_o the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o persia_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o trade_n upon_o the_o confluence_n of_o several_a river_n and_o the_o great_a crowd_n of_o stranger_n that_o resort_v thither_o on_o the_o account_n of_o traffic_n be_v frequent_o visit_v by_o the_o muscovian_a factor_n the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n but_o shamachie_n be_v the_o place_n shamachi_n the_o city_n of_o shamachi_n which_o chief_o furnish_v the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n with_o such_o indian_a and_o persian_a commodity_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o city_n be_v indeed_o former_o much_o big_a than_o it_o be_v now_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o have_v be_v about_o twenty_o year_n ago_o ruin_v by_o a_o eathquake_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o misfortune_n it_o be_v still_o very_o considerable_a there_o be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o persian_a empire_n a_o city_n where_o there_o be_v so_o general_a a_o resort_n of_o stranger_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o wit_n of_o armenian_n banyan_o georgian_n greek_n turk_n circasian_o and_o muscovite_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v their_o particular_a caravansera_n or_o public_a storehouse_n where_o they_o truck_v their_o tin_n russia_n leather_n copper_n fur_n and_o other_o merchandise_n for_o the_o precious_a commodity_n of_o india_n and_o persia_n and_o which_o afterward_o be_v convey_v into_o to_o russia_n either_o by_o land_n by_o the_o way_n of_o derbent_n through_o the_o dagesthan_n and_o circasian_n tartar_n over_o the_o great_a desert_n of_o astrachan_n to_o the_o river_n wolga_n or_o else_o be_v ship_v in_o the_o road_n of_o nizora_n the_o most_o safe_a and_o most_o convenient_a for_o ship_n in_o all_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v carry_v up_o the_o wolga_n to_o the_o river_n oc●a_n and_o so_o by_o the_o inopea_n to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o project_n which_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n have_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n of_o 〈◊〉_d a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o great_a river_n the_o wolga_n and_o the_o don_n will_v when_o perfect_v be_v of_o incredible_a advantage_n to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o trans●●●ing_v not_o only_o their_o own_o but_o all_o the_o sarick_a indian_a persian_a and_o chinese_n commodity_n into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n especial_o if_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n shall_v be_v so_o successful_a against_o the_o crim_n tartar_n as_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o caffa_n former_o so_o famous_a when_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o gene●ses_n and_o the_o port_n of_o erzotra_n situate_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n i_o have_v hitherto_o withal_o the_o enquiry_n i_o can_v make_v not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v full_o instruct_v in_o what_o place_n it_o be_v that_o this_o communication_n betwixt_o these_o two_o river_n be_v to_o be_v perfect_v but_o thus_o much_o be_v most_o probale_n that_o it_o must_v either_o be_v effect_v by_o cut_v a_o canal_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n wolga_n communication_n betwixt_o the_o river_n don_n and_o wolga_n near_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n where_o the_o don_n advance_v within_o seven_o league_n of_o the_o wolga_n for_o else_o by_o render_v the_o small_a river_n of_o kamous_a navigable_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o don_n fall_v below_o the_o say_a city_n of_o zaria_n behind_o the_o islle_v of_o zerpinsk_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o chinese_n trade_n in_o muscovy_n trade_n the_o chinese_n trade_n how_o the_o way_n thither_o be_v first_o discover_v and_o improve_v by_o the_o sable_a hunter_n of_o siberia_n and_o how_o by_o the_o river_n of_o obi_n genessay_n lena_n and_o yomour_n and_o by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o sled_n draw_v by_o rain-deer_n during_o the_o winter_n season_n they_o carry_v on_o that_o trade_n have_v be_v circumstantial_o relate_v in_o the_o first_o part_n in_o that_o chapter_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o siberia_n we_o have_v therefore_o only_o thus_o much_o to_o add_v here_o that_o as_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n 〈◊〉_d muscovite_n maintain_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n so_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o they_o call_v kitachi_n they_o keep_v up_o their_o communication_n with_o china_n these_o kitachi_n go_v common_o under_o the_o name_n of_o chineses_n in_o muscovy_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o muscovite_n call_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n betwixt_o the_o river_n oby_n the_o wolga_n and_o china_n which_o 〈◊〉_d proper_o the_o great_a tartary_n by_o the_o name_n of_o ka●●●_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o muscovite_n as_o we_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n have_v make_v such_o considerable_a discovery_n on_o that_o side_n of_o late_a year_n as_o to_o have_v build_v several_a city_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o colony_n on_o that_o side_n they_o have_v also_o by_o degree_n draw_v abundance_n of_o these_o wander_a people_n to_o these_o 〈◊〉_d where_o after_o once_o they_o become_v fix_v and_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o a_o settle_a life_n they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o russian_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o chinese_n trade_n by_o their_o correspondence_n with_o the_o several_a tartarian_a nation_n inhabit_v that_o spacious_a country_n betwixt_o siberia_n and_o