Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	clay_n	year_n	young_a	12	3	5.4024	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26235	A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen.	Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.	1665 (1665)	Wing A4240; ESTC R29129	167,009	399

better_a etc._n etc._n graft_v a_o tree_n low_a and_o maintain_v only_o the_o low_a bough_n low_a tree_n observation_n and_o the_o low_a bough_n of_o high_a tree_n have_v their_o fruit_n ripe_a somewhat_o soon_o than_o the_o high_a because_o they_o have_v some_o benefit_n by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o wall_n if_o they_o grow_v against_o a_o wall_n but_o that_o the_o fruit_n be_v great_a on_o low_a then_o on_o high_a bough_n i_o perceive_v not_o i_o be_o sure_a i_o have_v see_v sometime_o fair_a fruit_n on_o the_o high_a bough_n and_o bâ—t_o small_a on_o the_o low_a in_o case_n the_o branch_n of_o a_o wall_n tree_n have_v be_v permit_v to_o grow_v stright_o upward_o without_o bow_v down_o along_o the_o wall_n as_o most_o common_o they_o be_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a because_o the_o most_o and_o great_a quantity_n of_o sap_n press_v upward_o &_o leave_v the_o side_n branch_n indigent_a of_o sap_n whereby_o they_o grow_v poor_o and_o some_o die_v for_o want_n of_o sap_n now_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o sap_n in_o branch_n so_o be_v the_o fruit_n small_a or_o great_a it_o be_v true_a indeed_o many_o little_a and_o low_a tree_n if_o they_o be_v vigorous_a and_o shoot_v well_o bear_v very_o large_a fruit_n it_o may_v be_v large_a than_o high_a tree_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o this_o be_v not_o because_o low_o but_o because_o they_o be_v more_o lively_a and_o vigorous_a than_o the_o other_o and_o if_o we_o shall_v graft_v a_o tree_n low_a and_o maintain_v only_o the_o low_a branch_n by_o continual_o cut_v off_o the_o high_a this_o will_v much_o enseeble_a the_o tree_n by_o degree_n by_o obstract_v of_o the_o sap_n and_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v according_o but_o the_o best_a way_n to_o order_v a_o wall_n tree_n that_o shoot_v upward_o strong_o be_v to_o bow_v those_o strong_a branch_n along_o the_o wall_n both_o way_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v as_o large_a fruit_n on_o the_o low_a as_o on_o the_o high_a bough_n and_o soon_o ripe_v to_o have_v fruit_n in_o great_a plenty_n 433._o the_o way_n be_v to_o graft_v not_o only_o upon_o young_a stock_n but_o upon_o divers_a bough_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a experiment_n to_o graft_v the_o bough_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n observation_n that_o be_v a_o bad_a bearer_n or_o bear_v bad_a fruit_n with_o graft_n of_o some_o special_a good_a bear_v kind_n for_o this_o will_v have_v large_a branch_n and_o bear_v fruit_n even_o in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a unwise_a course_n of_o many_o who_o when_o some_o of_o their_o tree_n bear_v not_o as_o they_o will_v have_v they_o cut_v they_o down_o and_o set_v young_a one_o in_o their_o room_n which_o can_v possible_o attain_v the_o bigness_n of_o the_o former_a in_o many_o year_n digging_z yearly_a about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n 434._o be_v a_o great_a mean_n both_o to_o the_o acceleration_n and_o melioration_n of_o fruit_n etc._n etc._n old_a tree_n observation_n that_o grow_v in_o stiff_a cold_a clay_n ground_n have_v most_o need_v to_o be_v dug_n about_o yearly_a that_o thereby_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v more_o open_a and_o mellow_a but_o for_o young_a tree_n of_o few_o year_n stand_v especial_a if_o in_o sandy_a mellow_a ground_n these_o have_v little_a or_o no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o dig_v about_o to_o dig_v about_o rose_n and_o such_o like_a which_o grow_v near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v needless_a for_o this_o work_n be_v chief_o to_o open_v the_o earth_n about_o old_a fruit-tree_n who_o root_n be_v grow_v great_a and_o deep_a that_o the_o rain_n snow_n and_o sun_n in_o winter_n may_v reach_v the_o bottom_n root_n 435._o a_o fruit-tree_n almost_o blow_v up_o by_o the_o root_n and_o set_v up_o again_o the_o next_o year_n bear_v exceed_o loosen_a the_o earth_n comfort_v any_o tree_n observation_n tree_n blow_v down_o and_o raise_v up_o again_o and_o well_o mould_v may_v root_v again_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o old_a and_o though_o dig_v about_o the_o root_n sometime_o be_v good_a yet_o overmuch_o dig_v and_o loosen_a the_o earth_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n will_v cause_v many_o to_o be_v blow_v down_o by_o great_a wind_n which_o will_v not_o fasten_v again_o to_o abide_v a_o strong_a wind_n in_o many_o year_n if_o ever_o â—â—6_n to_o revive_v a_o old_a tree_n the_o dig_v of_o it_o about_o the_o root_n and_o apply_v new_a mould_n to_o the_o root_n be_v the_o way_n and_o change_v of_o mould_n to_o the_o better_a be_v profitable_a observation_n digging_z as_o have_v be_v say_v with_o caution_n be_v very_o good_a and_o change_v of_o mould_n if_o to_o the_o better_a be_v also_o very_o advantageous_a to_o fruit-tree_n in_o case_n the_o soil_n be_v barren_a but_o if_o it_o be_v very_o fat_a as_o some_o be_v especial_o some_o particular_a place_n by_o accident_n than_o mould_n that_o be_v more_o sterile_a and_o hungry_a will_v do_v better_a for_o overmuch_o repletion_n and_o fertility_n may_v hinder_v fruitfulness_n and_o cause_v the_o sap_n to_o run_v most_o into_o long_a shoot_n and_o broad_a leave_v the_o shift_n of_o ground_n 439_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o better_v the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n and_o all_o thing_n do_v prosper_v best_o when_o they_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o better_a and_o a_o nursery_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o a_o more_o barren_a ground_n then_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o be_v transplant_v it_o be_v true_a observation_n change_v of_o soyl_n sometime_o be_v very_o good_a if_o to_o the_o better_a but_o be_v true_a also_o that_o if_o tree_n grow_v in_o over_o ranâ—_n soil_n then_o worse_o will_v be_v better_o that_o be_v will_v help_v more_o towards_o fruitfulness_n as_o a_o coâ—rse_n and_o mean_a fare_n be_v better_a for_o a_o â—at_a man_n thâ—n_o the_o more_o delicious_a without_o controâ—versie_n young_a tree_n out_o of_o barren_a nursery_n come_v on_o fast_a when_o transplant_v then_o out_o of_o fat_a soyl_n but_o in_o case_n the_o nursery_n be_v fat_a soil_n than_o some_o other_o as_o good_a must_v be_v lay_v to_o their_o root_n when_o set_v again_o hack_v of_o tree_n 44â—_n do_v great_a good_a to_o tree_n after_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n growth_n observation_n cut_v or_o score_n or_o hack_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n with_o a_o knife_n be_v profitable_a but_o while_o they_o be_v young_a the_o bark_n be_v but_o thin_a and_o tender_a and_o enlarge_v well_o enough_o without_o this_o cut_n unless_o some_o that_o through_o barrenness_n of_o soil_n or_o other_o cause_n be_v bark-bound_a and_o to_o such_o hack_v and_o score_n be_v profitable_a 441._o shade_n to_o some_o plant_n conduce_v to_o make_v they_o large_a and_o prosperous_a more_o than_o sun_n as_o in_o strawberry_n and_o bay_n etc._n etc._n observation_n it_o be_v true_a jay_n and_o laurel_n prosper_v better_a in_o the_o shade_n then_o in_o the_o sun_n be_v hot_a plant_n but_o strawberry_n do_v better_a partly_o in_o the_o sâ—ade_n and_o partly_o in_o the_o sun_n then_o in_o shade_n â—nly_o as_o among_o bush_n and_o other_o plant_n i_o have_v observe_v those_o in_o the_o shade_n to_o beaâ—_n little_a or_o nothing_o when_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o growth_n somewhat_o in_o the_o sun_n bear_v very_o much_o 447._o â—ulling_v off_o many_o blossom_n from_o a_o fruit-tree_n do_v make_v the_o fruit_n fair_a and_o if_o some_o blossom_n be_v not_o pull_v off_o the_o first_o time_n a_o tree_n bloom_v it_o will_v blossom_v itself_o to_o death_n observation_n common_o the_o few_o blossom_n upon_o a_o tree_n the_o fair_a will_v the_o fruit_n be_v because_o as_o the_o author_n say_v of_o the_o plenty_n of_o sap_n and_o indeed_o in_o case_n a_o tree_n new_o plant_v blossom_v very_o much_o and_o the_o root_n be_v but_o weak_a which_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o bud_n than_o its_o best_a to_o pull_v off_o most_o if_o not_o all_o the_o blossom_n but_o many_o i_o have_v know_v the_o first_o year_n plant_v take_v root_n so_o strong_o be_v in_o good_a mould_n as_o that_o they_o blossom_n and_o shoot_v forth_o and_o bear_v fair_a fruit_n the_o same_o year_n 450._o it_o be_v good_a to_o try_v what_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n if_o all_o the_o blossom_n be_v pull_v from_o a_o fruit-tree_n for_o two_o year_n together_o fruit-tree_n that_o beaâ—_n but_o every_o other_o year_n observation_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n bear_v that_o year_n very_o plentiful_o and_o tâ—e_v excessive_a expense_n of_o sap_n that_o year_n its_o lâ—â—e_n make_v the_o tree_n the_o more_o feeble_a the_o nexâ—_n but_o if_o blossom_n be_v pull_v off_o a_o year_n or_o twâ—_n together_o i_o suppose_v the_o sap_n will_v go_v

thin_a at_o the_o bottom_n let_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o graft_n be_v somewhat_o thick_a than_o the_o innerside_n unless_o the_o stock_n be_v very_o big_a if_o it_o be_v so_o great_a to_o pinch_v the_o graft_n much_o then_o make_v the_o innerside_n of_o the_o graft_n thick_a a_o very_a little_a that_o so_o it_o may_v preserve_v the_o outside_n from_o be_v pinch_v too_o much_o and_o in_o set_v in_o all_o graft_n into_o the_o cleave_a rule_n observe_v this_o for_o a_o most_o special_a rule_n to_o join_v the_o innerside_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o graft_n to_o the_o innerside_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n that_o the_o sap_n may_v more_o easy_o come_v out_o of_o the_o stock_n into_o the_o graft_n to_o feed_v it_o for_o the_o main_a current_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n some_o take_v care_n to_o set_v the_o outside_n even_o and_o smooth_a but_o that_o be_v a_o error_n in_o practice_n for_o we_o know_v the_o bark_n of_o a_o big_a stock_n be_v much_o thick_a than_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o slender_a graft_n and_o if_o the_o outside_n be_v smooth_a and_o even_a the_o inside_n must_v needs_o be_v uneven_a but_o i_o say_v to_o join_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o both_o bark_n together_o all_o along_o the_o cleave_a be_v the_o principal_a thing_n in_o graft_v of_o such_o big_a stock_n the_o graft_n be_v thus_o place_v in_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o wedg_n pull_v out_o then_o clay_n they_o close_o on_o every_o side_n a_o inch_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cleave_v graft_n in_o choose_v graft_n choose_v not_o those_o that_o be_v very_o small_a and_o slender_a they_o common_o fail_v but_o take_v the_o fair_a upon_o the_o tree_n and_o especial_o those_o that_o be_v full_a of_o bud_n graft_n the_o top_n of_o long_a graft_n be_v to_o be_v cut_v that_o they_o may_v spread_v the_o better_a and_o of_o such_o as_o be_v but_o short_a if_o there_o be_v blossom_n bud_n on_o the_o top_n as_o it_o be_v common_o see_v in_o pearmains_n and_o many_o other_o good_a bear_a kind_n graft_v graft_v every_o cyence_n into_o its_o own_o kind_n as_o all_o kind_n of_o apple_n together_o and_o also_o on_o crabstock_n which_o be_v the_o wild_a apple_n pear-graft_n on_o wild_a pear-stock_n and_o the_o like_a of_o other_o kind_n join_v not_o contrary_a or_o different_a kind_n they_o never_o come_v to_o perfection_n as_o cherry-graft_n or_o plum-graft_n or_o the_o like_a experience_n make_v it_o manifest_a to_o be_v but_o lose_v labour_n they_o will_v grow_v it_o may_v be_v a_o year_n or_o two_o and_o then_o die_v and_o in_o choice_n of_o graft_n tree_n be_v sure_a to_o consider_v what_o tree_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v the_o best_a bearer_n some_o kind_n seldom_o miss_v and_o some_o other_o kind_n though_o good_a fruit_n seldom_o hit_v and_o therefore_o take_v information_n from_o those_o person_n that_o know_v by_o experience_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o this_o regard_n and_o according_o choose_v or_o refuse_v graft_n from_o they_o observe_v the_o like_a in_o choice_n of_o vine_n such_o graft_n as_o be_v bind_v as_o be_v say_v of_o the_o two_o first_o way_n of_o graft_v must_v be_v unbound_v after_o a_o certain_a time_n graft_n when_o they_o have_v well_o close_v with_o the_o stock_n about_o midsummer_n they_o will_v be_v fast_o enough_o upon_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o they_o may_v without_o danger_n be_v unbound_v but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o unbound_v the_o band_n sometime_o gird_n and_o dint_n in_o too_o much_o unless_o of_o some_o where_o the_o band_n rot_v or_o break_v and_o beside_o the_o wind_n when_o the_o graft_n be_v grow_v big_a and_o bushy_a will_v endanger_v the_o break_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v unbound_v and_o also_o by_o some_o mean_v support_v and_o strengthen_v in_o the_o graft_a place_n which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o tie_v a_o small_a stick_n to_o they_o a_o little_a above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v engraft_v but_o before_o you_o thus_o bind_v the_o stick_n to_o strengthen_v the_o graft_n put_v a_o little_a clay_n round_o about_o the_o engraft_a place_n be_v unbound_v it_o will_v cause_v the_o sap_n soon_o to_o cover_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o if_o the_o graft_n be_v graft_v near_o unto_o the_o ground_n or_o not_o above_o half_a a_o yard_n high_a they_o will_v not_o be_v so_o much_o in_o danger_n of_o break_v by_o the_o wind_n especial_o such_o who_o growth_n be_v most_o into_o one_o single_a shoot_n or_o two_o and_o such_o as_o grow_v but_o upon_o small_a or_o weak_a stock_n as_o to_o such_o this_o labour_n in_o tie_v the_o graft_n to_o strengthen_v it_o in_o the_o graft_a place_n may_v be_v spare_v those_o that_o be_v high_a stock_n and_o of_o strong_a growth_n and_o shoot_v forth_o their_o graft_n vigorous_o and_o into_o a_o great_a head_n of_o many_o branch_n be_v most_o endanger_v of_o wind_n especial_o the_o west-wind_n which_o be_v common_o strong_a for_o the_o first_o year_n and_o more_o a_o week_n or_o fortnight_n before_o and_o after_o midsummer_n be_v they_o be_v yet_o tender_a and_o not_o well_o close_v with_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o these_o especial_o must_v be_v take_v care_n of_o in_o this_o regard_n only_o for_o the_o first_o year_n after_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n at_o all_o of_o break_v by_o the_o wind_n some_o kind_n of_o flag_n wherewith_o we_o bind_v graft_n be_v so_o tough_a and_o strong_a that_o they_o will_v not_o yield_v a_o jot_n nor_o break_v with_o the_o growth_n and_o swell_a of_o the_o stock_n and_o graft_n as_o some_o other_o band_n do_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v the_o more_o need_n to_o look_v to_o such_o to_o cut_v they_o or_o unbind_v they_o as_o before_o be_v say_v else_o they_o cause_v dint_n or_o circle_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o bind_v the_o bark_n swell_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o bind_n and_o this_o make_v the_o graft_n more_o in_o danger_n of_o break_v unless_o unbind_v and_o strengthen_v in_o that_o part_n as_o before_z after_o graft_n have_v have_v their_o full_a growth_n the_o first_o year_n graft_n they_o must_v be_v prune_v such_o as_o need_v prune_v as_o for_o wall_n plant_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o how_o many_o branch_n they_o spread_v more_o the_o better_o but_o for_o those_o that_o be_v graft_v low_a and_o yet_o must_v be_v make_v standard_n leave_v only_o one_o shoot_n the_o strong_a and_o big_a shoot_n and_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o let_v not_o that_o straight_o shoot_v begin_v to_o spread_v till_o it_o be_v a_o ell_n long_o at_o least_o rather_o more_o and_o then_o let_v the_o branch_n spread_v and_o enlarge_v themselves_o but_o herein_o observe_v that_o unless_o these_o young_a graft_n put_v forth_o a_o strong_a and_o lusty_a shoot_n do_v not_o prune_v off_o the_o side_n branch_n leave_v the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n be_v too_o small_a and_o limber_a to_o bear_v his_o head_n as_o be_v often_o see_v in_o a_o nursery_n where_o plant_n grow_v close_o and_o near_o together_o if_o the_o body_n be_v very_o slender_a then_o suffer_v some_o of_o the_o side_n twig_n to_o grow_v until_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o sufficient_a strength_n to_o bear_v the_o top_n and_o from_o year_n to_o year_n prune_v off_o those_o shoot_v and_o branch_n as_o be_v superfluous_a and_o grow_v too_o near_o one_o another_o and_o preserve_v only_o such_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v the_o tree_n of_o a_o comely_a form_n and_o if_o any_o spice_n up_o and_o shoot_v too_o strong_o upward_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n only_o and_o spread_v not_o sufficient_o as_o be_v often_o see_v in_o pear_n tree_n and_o some_o other_o tree_n cut_v off_o from_o time_n to_o time_n those_o strong_a shoot_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o still_o preserve_v the_o outmost_a branch_n for_o all_o fruit-tree_n aught_o to_o spread_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o the_o branch_n hang_v not_o too_o near_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o much_o concern_v graft_a and_o also_o prune_v while_o they_o be_v young_a plant_n i_o shall_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o other_o work_n whereby_o fruit-tree_n be_v increase_v inoculate_v or_o put_v a_o small_a bud_n into_o a_o stock_n which_o as_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o graft_v but_o differ_v much_o in_o the_o season_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o work_n bud_n the_o time_n for_o inoculate_v bud_n be_v about_o midsummer_n a_o fortnight_n before_o and_o a_o fortnight_n after_o be_v the_o chief_a season_n though_o some_o plant_n full_a of_o sap_n may_v be_v do_v afterward_o with_o good_a success_n upon_o young_a frim_a stock_n even_o so_o long_o as_o the_o bark_n

kind_n of_o mulberry-tree_n with_o we_o in_o england_n the_o black_a and_o the_o white_a as_o for_o the_o white_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o its_o fruit_n they_o very_o seldom_o bear_v well_o with_o we_o but_o the_o black_a mulberry-tree_n never_o fail_v of_o fruit_n after_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o these_o tree_n be_v not_o increase_v by_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v but_o by_o cut_n from_o the_o branch_n or_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n cut_v a_o bow_n off_o as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n arm_n and_o after_o cut_v it_o in_o small_a truncheon_n or_o piece_n a_o yard_n long_o or_o less_o lay_v these_o small_a and_o great_a in_o the_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a only_o the_o one_o end_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o hand_n breadth_n or_o two_o or_o there_o about_o in_o good_a fat_a ground_n somewhat_o moist_a and_o after_o a_o year_n or_o two_o didivers_a young_a spring_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o root_n and_o plant_v at_o a_o fit_a distance_n and_o the_o old_a root_n will_v yearly_o send_v out_o more_o also_o the_o branch_n may_v be_v bow_v down_o and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n on_o one_o or_o several_a side_n which_o will_v take_v root_n and_o multiply_v abudant_o and_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v transplant_v meddler_n meddler_n may_v be_v graft_v and_o they_o take_v well_o upon_o a_o white_a thorn_n but_o i_o much_o rather_o approve_v the_o graft_a or_o inoculate_v of_o they_o upon_o pear-stock_n and_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v much_o better_a and_o the_o tree_n much_o large_a than_o upon_o whitethorn_n walnut-tree_n be_v propagate_v from_o the_o nut_n walnut_n which_o may_v be_v set_v from_o the_o time_n of_o ripeness_n until_o the_o spring_n a_o inch_n deep_a or_o little_o more_o and_o afterward_o transplant_v and_o set_v at_o a_o very_a great_a distance_n 24._o or_o 30._o yard_n asunder_o for_o they_o be_v very_o large_a spread_a tree_n but_o if_o they_o be_v plant_v on_o the_o north_n or_o east-side_n for_o shelter_n than_o set_v they_o near_o be_v sure_a to_o choose_v of_o the_o best_a nut_n to_o set_v the_o fair_a nut_n and_o thin_a shell_n and_o good_a bearer_n thus_o much_o brief_o concern_v the_o best_a bear_v tree_n and_o how_o they_o be_v propagate_v as_o for_o those_o fruit-tree_n which_o bear_v but_o little_a or_o no_o fruit_n bearer_n by_o reason_n that_o graft_n and_o bud_n be_v not_o choose_v from_o good_a bear_v kind_n wherewith_o they_o be_v engraft_v i_o advise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v such_o again_o though_o great_a and_o old_a tree_n such_o who_o bough_n be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n hand_n wrist_n or_o small_a may_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o graft_v in_o the_o cleave_v with_o a_o couple_n of_o good_a graft_n of_o good_a bear_v kind_n but_o such_o branch_n as_o be_v very_o great_a i_o shall_v rather_o cut_v off_o a_o convenient_a height_n from_o the_o ground_n slope-wise_a that_o no_o wet_a may_v rest_v on_o the_o top_n and_o then_o after_o a_o year_n or_o two_o to_o graft_v the_o small_a shoot_n or_o branch_n that_o be_v put_v forth_o or_o some_o of_o they_o this_o be_v a_o better_a course_n then_o to_o graft_v such_o great_a branch_n for_o that_o moisture_n will_v get_v into_o the_o top_n and_o rot_v the_o branch_n and_o perhaps_o the_o body_n too_o ere_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v such_o great_a head_n tree_n as_o concern_v arbour_n seat_n etc._n etc._n in_o orchard_n and_o garden_n i_o advise_v man_n to_o make_v they_o of_o fruit-tree_n rather_o than_o of_o privet_fw-la or_o other_o ramble_a stuff_n which_o yield_v no_o profit_n but_o only_o for_o shade_n if_o you_o make_v they_o of_o cherrytree_n plum-tree_n or_o the_o like_a there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o advantage_n for_o shade_n and_o all_o the_o fruit_n superad_v all_o that_o can_v be_v object_v be_v that_o fruit-tree_n be_v long_o in_o grow_v up_o then_o privet_fw-la virgin-bower_n or_o the_o like_a whereof_o arbour_n be_v common_o make_v it_o be_v answer_v though_o fruit_n tree_n be_v something_o long_o in_o cover_v a_o arbour_n than_o some_o other_o thing_n yet_o they_o make_v sufficient_a amends_o in_o their_o last_a and_o bear_v fruit_n and_o beside_o such_o cherrytree_n and_o other_o kind_n may_v be_v set_v about_o the_o arbour_n as_o will_v reach_v and_o cover_v even_o the_o first_o year_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v some_o rule_n concern_v transplant_n young_a plant_n tree_n after_o a_o year_n growth_n or_o more_o whether_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v the_o time_n for_o this_o work_n in_o general_n be_v in_o autumn_n when_o tree_n have_v do_v grow_v and_o that_o be_v divers_a week_n before_o the_o leave_v fall_v stay_v not_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v till_o november_n or_o after_o before_o you_o transplant_v for_o the_o best_a time_n be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n to_o begin_v and_o so_o on_o all_o the_o winter_n it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o remove_v plant_n betimes_o best_o for_o such_o grow_v a_o while_n after_o in_o their_o root_n before_o winter_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o winter_n but_o also_o make_v some_o preparation_n against_o the_o spring_n which_o those_o remove_v in_o winter_n can_v do_v stay_v not_o therefore_o till_o the_o leave_n fall_v ere_o you_o remove_v although_o they_o may_v be_v remove_v then_o with_o good_a success_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a at_o that_o time_n as_o before_o the_o ancient_a proverb_n be_v if_o a_o grow_a tree_n will_v have_v let_v he_o carry_v his_o green_a leave_n to_o his_o grave_n yet_o notwithstanding_o winter_n those_o that_o have_v many_o to_o transplant_v and_o can_v finish_v or_o have_v no_o leisure_n in_o this_o season_n which_o be_v best_a they_o may_v go_v on_o and_o be_v do_v even_o all_o winter_n until_o the_o very_a spring_n unless_o frost_n shut_v up_o the_o ground_n and_o notwithstanding_o frost_n or_o snow_n all_o the_o while_n if_o we_o can_v get_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o find_v the_o mould_n mellow_a so_o as_o that_o it_o will_v fall_v well_o between_o and_o about_o the_o root_n it_o be_v then_o good_a remove_v tree_n although_o the_o best_a time_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v the_o time_n of_o remove_v be_v come_v and_o the_o place_n prepare_v for_o set_v they_o again_o then_o be_v careful_a in_o take_v up_o the_o plant_n dig_v round_o about_o they_o and_o take_v off_o the_o mould_n from_o their_o root_n if_o it_o be_v a_o small_a plant_n it_o may_v be_v draw_v up_o easy_o the_o mould_n be_v take_v away_o if_o it_o be_v great_a and_o the_o root_n spread_v much_o than_o they_o may_v be_v cut_v about_o half_a a_o yard_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o the_o great_a it_o be_v the_o further_o off_o cut_v the_o root_n and_o so_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o break_v off_o all_o the_o leave_v the_o first_o thing_n you_o do_v if_o they_o be_v not_o then_o fall_v off_o for_o the_o sun_n and_o aire_n by_o mean_n of_o they_o extract_v the_o sap_n of_o the_o branch_n best_a and_o here_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a plant_n be_v not_o always_o best_o to_o transplant_v out_o of_o nursery_n into_o orchard_n though_o most_o man_n be_v for_o the_o great_a when_o they_o may_v choose_v and_o they_o think_v the_o big_a they_o be_v the_o soon_o they_o will_v make_v a_o orchard_n but_o herein_o they_o be_v much_o mistake_v for_o in_o remove_v great_a tree_n there_o be_v great_a hazard_n and_o many_o of_o they_o fail_v and_o die_v and_o other_o grow_v very_o poor_o put_v out_o only_o leave_v the_o first_o year_n or_o little_o more_o though_o some_o few_o in_o special_a good_a soil_n may_v do_v well_o i_o account_v young_a graft_v tree_n fit_a to_o remove_v tree_n when_o they_o be_v about_o two_o inch_n in_o compass_n in_o the_o body_n and_o about_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a or_o two_o yard_n high_a those_o about_o this_o bigness_n i_o judge_v to_o be_v better_a than_o such_o as_o be_v five_o or_o six_o inch_n or_o more_o in_o compass_n with_o a_o proportionable_a height_n because_o these_o can_v possible_o be_v transplant_v but_o their_o root_n must_v be_v cut_v very_o much_o in_o the_o take_n up_o and_o then_o how_o can_v those_o root_n so_o much_o cut_n be_v able_a to_o nourish_v so_o great_a a_o body_n with_o so_o many_o branch_n whereas_o young_a tree_n of_o a_o small_a size_n as_o before_o be_v mention_v these_o may_v be_v remove_v even_o with_o all_o their_o root_n which_o be_v young_a and_o small_a and_o may_v be_v spread_v in_o the_o earth_n every_o way_n when_o set_v again_o save_v only_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n must_v be_v a_o little_a cut_n and_o these_o young_a and_o tender_a root_n will_v soon_o shoot_v forth_o in_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o great_a sort_n especial_o also_o because_o

other_o wall-tree_n they_o prune_v off_o most_o of_o the_o fresh_a young_a branch_n of_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v and_o preserve_v the_o old_a and_o big_a branch_n suffer_v they_o to_o run_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n without_o or_o with_o very_a few_o small_a twig_n or_o branch_n whereas_o they_o shall_v still_o from_o year_n to_o year_n preserve_v the_o small_a shoot_n nail_v they_o up_o to_o the_o wall_n yearly_a all_o or_o most_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o top_n and_o leave_v no_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n void_a of_o branch_n and_o cause_n the_o branch_n to_o spread_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n both_o way_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o run_v upward_o too_o much_o another_o error_n among_o some_o be_v this_o remove_v they_o graft_v young_a plant_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v sow_v before_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v whereby_o they_o will_v get_v good_a root_n and_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o thrust_v down_o a_o single_a root_n or_o two_o common_o into_o clay_n gravel_n or_o moist_a ground_n etc._n etc._n which_o root_n or_o root_n draw_v bad_a nourishment_n below_o the_o good_a soil_n and_o thereby_o hurt_v the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n and_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o be_v remove_v afterward_o be_v graft_v they_o want_v good_a root_n for_o that_o they_o be_v never_o remove_v be_v young_a to_o get_v good_a root_n see_v how_o to_o order_v they_o pag._n 83._o another_o be_v this_o plant_n some_o also_o when_o they_o transplant_v young_a tree_n they_o usual_a set_v they_o with_o all_o their_o root_n whereas_o the_o root_n of_o all_o tree_n transplant_v aught_o to_o be_v prune_v see_v how_o pag._n 83._o another_o error_n be_v this_o many_o break_v off_o all_o the_o bud_n upon_o the_o stock_n that_o be_v engraft_v grow_v before_o the_o graft_n put_v forth_o which_o endanger_v both_o stock_n and_o graft_n for_o bud_n upon_o the_o stock_n shall_v be_v let_v alone_o all_z or_o most_o until_o the_o graft_n have_v put_v forth_o and_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v up_o sap_n and_o then_o break_v off_o all_o the_o bud_n below_o the_o graft_n that_o they_o may_v have_v all_o the_o sap_n another_o error_n in_o practice_n be_v this_o many_o when_o they_o graft_v great_a tree_n which_o be_v unfruitful_a tree_n or_o bear_v bad_a fruit_n they_o graft_v upon_o their_o body_n round_o about_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n now_o tree_n thus_o graft_v will_v not_o of_o many_o year_n and_o some_o never_a cover_v the_o head_n in_o the_o graft_a place_n but_o water_n get_v in_o and_o rot_v the_o tree_n whereas_o its_o much_o better_a to_o graft_v the_o small_a branch_n or_o if_o those_o be_v too_o high_a then_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o body_n two_o yard_n high_a slopewise_o and_o to_o cut_v it_o smooth_a that_o no_o rain_n or_o wet_v may_v rest_v on_o the_o head_n and_o the_o next_o year_n after_o to_o graft_v the_o small_a shoot_n which_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n be_v a_o large_a head_n again_o situation_n of_o a_o orchard_n have_v before_o speak_v of_o sow_v set_v graft_a and_o order_v of_o fruit-tree_n i_o think_v good_a now_o to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o site_n soil_n shelter_n and_o some_o other_o advantage_n of_o a_o orchard_n and_o garden_n and_o also_o of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n in_o the_o field_n and_o in_o the_o hedge_n and_o mound_n about_o the_o field_n whereby_o double_a treble_a or_o manifold_a profit_n may_v be_v make_v of_o land_n to_o what_o be_v usual_o in_o most_o place_n make_v especial_o by_o â—ider_n and_o perry_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n with_o plant_v of_o wood_n for_o building_n fâ—ed_v and_o other_o use_n and_o also_o of_o divers_a other_o thing_n promiscuous_o in_o reference_n to_o fruit-tree_n and_o fruit_n and_o although_o some_o of_o the_o ensue_a particular_n be_v touchâ—_n upon_o already_o yet_o i_o think_v good_a to_o mention_v they_o again_o with_o some_o addition_n see_v they_o be_v very_o material_a yet_o all_o very_o brief_o what_o situation_n be_v best_a for_o a_o orchard_n concern_v the_o site_n or_o situation_n of_o a_o orchard_n or_o garden_n of_o fruit-tree_n the_o best_a and_o fit_a situation_n be_v upon_o a_o ground_n somewhat_o shelve_v or_o decline_v upon_o the_o southeast_n sun_n for_o as_o the_o southside_n be_v the_o warm_a and_o hot_a so_o also_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o morning_n or_o east_n sun_n be_v better_a than_o the_o west_n sun_n it_o do_v cherish_v and_o ripen_v fruit_n soon_o than_o the_o afternoon_n sun_n though_o that_o be_v good_a also_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n somewhat_o shelve_v or_o hang_v towards_o the_o southeast_n it_o have_v a_o advantage_n of_o level_n or_o plain_a ground_n though_o that_o be_v good_a too_o for_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v more_o direct_a and_o so_o more_o strong_a upon_o such_o a_o ground_n then_o upon_o a_o level_n such_o a_o ground_n be_v fit_v to_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v coelum_fw-la cum_fw-la terra_fw-la maritare_fw-la vel_fw-la societatem_fw-la perquirere_fw-la coeli_fw-la &_o terre_fw-fr ad_fw-la arbores_fw-la 16._o to_o marry_o heaven_n and_o earth_n together_o or_o to_o obtain_v a_o mutual_a society_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fruit-tree_n what_o soil_n be_v best_a for_o a_o orchard_n as_o for_o the_o soil_n of_o a_o orchard_n the_o best_a be_v a_o deep_a sound_a land_n either_o a_o black_a or_o brown_a mould_n if_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o sand_n so_o much_o the_o better_o in_o such_o ground_n so_o lie_v as_o before_o fruit-tree_n will_v attain_v to_o a_o very_a great_a bigness_n and_o consequent_o will_v last_v much_o long_a than_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o tree_n upon_o a_o shallow_a gravelly_a ground_n or_o upon_o a_o clay_n cold_a or_o wet_a ground_n fruit-tree_n where_o they_o grow_v upon_o a_o warm_a ground_n and_o upon_o the_o southeast_n sun_n as_o the_o tree_n grow_v great_a and_o livelong_a so_o also_o the_o fruit_n be_v great_a and_o better_a and_o much_o more_o in_o quantity_n then_o upon_o poor_a gravel_n wet_a cold_a or_o clay_n ground_n howsoever_o man_n that_o have_v not_o the_o best_a must_v be_v content_a to_o plant_v upon_o what_o they_o have_v and_o endeavour_v to_o amend_v it_o as_o they_o can_v cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n ground_n that_o be_v overmoist_a and_o cold_a must_v be_v not_o only_o trench_v in_o several_a place_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n into_o the_o trench_n from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o also_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o mix_v sand_n ash_n or_o such_o like_a hot_a and_o dry_a soyl_n with_o such_o ground_n if_o these_o or_o some_o such_o mean_n be_v not_o use_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n upon_o this_o kind_n of_o ground_n will_v be_v chill_v and_o lie_v cold_a and_o cause_v the_o tree_n to_o be_v mossy_a and_o the_o fruit_n to_o be_v more_o spungy_a and_o waterish_a not_o so_o good_a taste_v fruit_n as_o if_o the_o tree_n grow_v upon_o warm_a and_o dry_a ground_n hot_a and_o dry_a ground_n fruit-tree_n upon_o hot_a dry_a sandy_a shallow_a ground_n have_v need_n of_o some_o current_n of_o water_n now_o and_o then_o to_o run_v over_o such_o ground_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v it_o so_o or_o else_o pain_n must_v be_v take_v to_o bring_v water_n some_o other_o way_n water_n out_o of_o pool_n or_o pond_n that_o run_v from_o dunghill_n be_v special_a good_a for_o this_o purpose_n which_o do_v not_o only_o moisten_v but_o make_v the_o ground_n fertile_a also_o cold_a clay_n ground_n if_o the_o land_n whereon_o fruit-tree_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v plant_v be_v clay_n ground_n a_o shallow_a crust_n of_o indifferent_a good_a soil_n it_o may_v be_v on_o the_o top_n and_o clay_n barren_a soil_n underneath_o as_o be_v often_o see_v then_o there_o be_v need_n of_o some_o compost_n of_o contrary_a nature_n to_o be_v mix_v among_o with_o this_o stiff_a cold_a barren_a ground_n as_o sand_n ash_n of_o all_o kind_n a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o lime_n cbalk_v or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a and_o open_a nature_n yea_o and_o let_v man_n do_v what_o they_o can_v to_o mend_v this_o kind_n of_o land_n yet_o the_o tree_n will_v still_o be_v mossy_a and_o but_o small_a tree_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o tree_n upon_o good_a sound_a deep_a fertile_a soil_n stony_a gravel_n ground_n as_o for_o gravel_n ground_n they_o be_v as_o bad_a as_o any_o in_o some_o respect_n for_o a_o tree_n can_v root_v to_o any_o great_a bigness_n in_o such_o ground_n and_o if_o muck_n and_o other_o soil_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o tree_n the_o gravel_n will_v eat_v it_o up_o and_o

and_o all_o sort_n of_o wood._n and_o now_o i_o shall_v make_v some_o small_a digression_n and_o step_v a_o little_a aside_o out_o of_o the_o orchard_n and_o garden_n to_o give_v a_o word_n of_o encouragement_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o wood_n and_o timber_n especial_o oak_n ash_n elm_n and_o other_o useful_a wood_n for_o building_n fire_n and_o other_o purpose_n i_o have_v plant_v and_o order_v these_o kind_n of_o tree_n as_o well_o as_o fruit-tree_n hereby_o man_n may_v by_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n exceed_o advantage_n themselves_o their_o posterity_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n beside_o the_o usefulness_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o timber_n store_n of_o hog_n may_v be_v keep_v with_o the_o mast_n which_o make_v their_o flesh_n very_o sweet_a fat_a and_o good_a and_o some_o say_v sheep_n and_o poultry_n will_v feed_v upon_o the_o master_n land_n not_o worth_a 28._o a_o acre_n make_v worth_a 4_o or_o 5_o l._n in_o few_o year_n the_o charge_n and_o labour_n be_v but_o small_a but_o the_o profit_n in_o time_n yea_o in_o few_o year_n will_v be_v exceed_o great_a mr._n blithe_a in_o his_o improver_n improve_v affirm_v that_o even_o boggy_a land_n not_o worth_a above_o two_o shilling_n a_o acre_n by_o plant_v it_o with_o willow_n sallow_a and_o such_o like_a wood_n and_o drain_n of_o it_o deep_a may_v be_v worth_a near_o five_o pound_n a_o acre_n and_o that_o in_o 7_o or_o 8_o year_n see_v pag._n 160._o of_o his_o book_n wood_n on_o good_a land_n worth_a 60_o l._n a_o acre_n but_o upon_o better_a land_n the_o advance_n and_o profit_n will_v be_v much_o more_o upon_o some_o warm_a good_a land_n wood_n be_v plant_v may_v be_v worth_a threescore_o pound_n a_o acre_n and_o that_o in_o 11_o or_o 12_o year_n and_o as_o much_o in_o few_o year_n afterward_o see_v the_o proof_n and_o experiment_n hereof_o heretofore_o make_v by_o mr._n cartwright_n at_o bill_v in_o northamptonshire_n improver_n improve_v pag._n 157_o 158_o etc._n etc._n a_o 100_o ash_n sell_v for_o 500_o l._n see_v the_o experiment_n of_o a_o gentleman_n that_o plant_v a_o hundred_o ash_n and_o live_v to_o see_v they_o grow_v to_o that_o bigness_n that_o he_o sell_v they_o for_o five_o hundred_o pound_n at_o fifty_o year_n growth_n improver_n improve_v pag._n 163._o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n worth_a of_o wood_n in_o a_o age_n by_o one_o man_n it_o be_v record_v that_o another_o gentleman_n together_o with_o his_o workman_n plant_v so_o much_o wood_n in_o his_o life_n time_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v fifty_o thousand_o pound_n for_o it_o see_v improver_n improve_v pag._n 163._o a_o necessity_n of_o plant_v wood._n many_o more_o particular_a instance_n of_o experiment_n may_v be_v bring_v of_o the_o great_a profit_n of_o plant_v wood_n and_o but_o few_o man_n but_o see_v and_o hear_v of_o advantage_n this_o way_n so_o that_o we_o have_v encouragement_n enough_o to_o this_o work_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o great_a necessity_n there_o be_v of_o plant_v all_o sort_n of_o wood_n in_o this_o nation_n wood_n and_o timber_n be_v destroy_v and_o waste_v every_o where_o and_o grow_v very_o scarce_o and_o dear_a and_o so_o will_v be_v more_o and_o more_o every_o year_n unless_o man_n set_v in_o good_a earnest_n to_o this_o work_n it_o be_v desire_v the_o high_a power_n will_v enjoin_v this_o work_n and_o because_o man_n general_o have_v be_v and_o will_v be_v negligent_a in_o this_o great_a and_o important_a business_n through_o misapprehension_n of_o it_o and_o carnal_a selfish_a principle_n for_o that_o they_o can_v reap_v all_o the_o benefit_n themselves_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v desire_v that_o the_o high_a power_n will_v by_o a_o law_n or_o injunction_n set_v man_n to_o this_o work_n which_o will_v be_v of_o exceed_a advantage_n to_o the_o present_a and_o future_a generation_n reason_n for_o it_o 1._o first_o because_o timber_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o wood_n have_v be_v of_o late_a time_n very_o much_o waste_v and_o destroy_v and_o unless_o man_n set_v to_o this_o work_n succeed_a age_n will_v very_o much_o want_v timber_n for_o build_v ship_n house_n and_o other_o necessary_a use_n 2._o second_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a waste_n of_o wood_n and_o no_o care_n to_o plant_v more_o fuel_n be_v grow_v scarce_o and_o dear_a especial_o in_o many_o place_n so_o that_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n make_v lamentable_a moan_n for_o want_n of_o fire_n in_o cold_a long_a winter_n whereas_o by_o diligent_a plant_n there_o will_v be_v fuel_n enough_o for_o all_o people_n 3._o three_o except_o there_o be_v more_o plant_v the_o tanner_n trade_n so_o necessary_a in_o the_o commonweal_n be_v like_a to_o fail_v very_o much_o bark_n be_v at_o a_o very_a great_a rate_n already_o and_o grow_v yearly_o dear_a because_o scarce_o 4._o four_o by_o plant_v tree_n in_o the_o mound_n the_o field_n will_v be_v much_o warm_a in_o winter_n and_o cool_a in_o summer_n and_o consequent_o cattle_n and_o all_o commodity_n there_o will_v prosper_v and_o come_v on_o the_o better_a other_o nation_n look_v more_o after_o plant_v it_o be_v record_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o venice_n at_o this_o day_n appoint_v officer_n on_o purpose_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o there_o be_v plant_v as_o there_o be_v cut_v down_o and_o so_o a_o supply_n continual_o for_o all_o purpose_n there_o be_v a_o law_n in_o spain_n that_o he_o that_o â—uts_v down_o own_o tree_n shall_v plant_v three_o for_o it_o how_o to_o have_v great_a store_n of_o young_a oak_n ash_n etc._n etc._n now_o that_o man_n may_v have_v great_a store_n of_o young_a set_v and_o plant_n to_o make_v wood_n and_o grove_n or_o to_o plant_v in_o the_o field_n and_o mound_n they_o must_v in_o autumn_n when_o the_o seed_n be_v ripe_a gather_v abundance_n of_o mast_n or_o acorn_n from_o the_o best_a and_o straight_a oak_n tree_n and_o also_o great_a store_n of_o ash_n key_n cycamore_n and_o mast_n of_o the_o beach-tree_n and_o other_o seed_n etc._n and_o sow_v these_o in_o ground_n plough_v or_o dig_v up_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o keep_v they_o with_o weed_n and_o some_o may_v be_v draw_v the_o first_o year_n other_o as_o they_o grow_v fit_a to_o transplant_v abroad_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o world_n of_o goodly_a young_a tree_n may_v be_v raise_v most_o ash-key_n will_v lie_v in_o the_o ground_n until_o the_o second_o spring_n and_o then_o come_v up_o abundant_o elm_n plant_n as_o for_o young_a set_v of_o the_o elm_n many_o come_v up_o from_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n of_o themselves_o but_o that_o we_o may_v have_v abundance_n this_o must_v be_v do_v bear_v the_o root_n of_o some_o elme-tree_n and_o cut_v some_o of_o the_o root_n about_o a_o foot_n or_o half_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o body_n quite_o asunder_o and_o the_o same_o will_v shoot_v forth_o multitude_n of_o young_a plant_n have_v small_a root_n which_o may_v be_v cut_v off_o with_o a_o chisel_n or_o knife_n and_o plant_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o nursery_n until_o they_o be_v grow_v big_a enough_o to_o transplant_v abroad_o into_o the_o field_n cut_v not_o the_o top_n cut_v none_o of_o the_o top_n of_o any_o young_a tree_n that_o you_o intend_v for_o timber_n for_o cut_v the_o top_n will_v make_v it_o spread_v too_o much_o and_o beside_o ash_n cycamore_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n have_v wide_a great_a pith_n and_o wet_a get_n in_o rot_v some_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o hinder_v its_o growth_n draw_v many_o and_o leave_v the_o rest_n out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n sow_v with_o mast_n and_o other_o seed_n abundance_n of_o young_a plant_n may_v be_v draw_v and_o enough_o leave_v which_o need_v not_o at_o all_o be_v remove_v but_o be_v to_o be_v prune_v up_o for_o timber_n or_o other_o purpose_n willow_n osier_n withy_n sally_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o willow_n osier_n sally_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o like_a they_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n long_a or_o short_a year_n the_o willow_n especial_o be_v a_o very_a profitable_a wood_n and_o be_v of_o as_o speedy_a a_o growth_n as_o any_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v profitable_a for_o fire_v and_o divers_a other_o purpose_n this_o must_v be_v plant_v on_o moist_a land_n the_o worst_a boggy_a land_n especial_o if_o treched_a will_v become_v very_o profitable_a by_o this_o mean_n sally_n and_o such_o as_o bear_v palm_n early_o in_o the_o year_n be_v not_o only_o profitable_a in_o the_o wood_n but_o also_o for_o bee_n in_o honey_n and_o wax_n from_o which_o they_o have_v their_o first_o provision_n in_o the_o spring_n soil_v best_a for_o a_o plantation_n concern_v the_o soil_n or_o ground_n for_o a_o plantation_n of_o oak_n elm_n beach_n ash_n etc._n etc._n we_o

will_v cause_v it_o to_o spread_v much_o and_o that_o this_o may_v be_v improve_v for_o our_o use_n and_o benefit_n this_o may_v be_v do_v to_o plant_v some_o few_o cherrytree_n plum-tree_n or_o other_o kind_n graft_v low_o and_o cause_v to_o spread_v much_o and_o keep_v from_o rise_v up_o by_o this_o mean_n keep_v the_o earth_n bare_a clean_o from_o weed_n grass_n or_o any_o thing_n grow_v under_o or_o about_o they_o such_o tree_n if_o they_o be_v good_a kind_n will_v bear_v much_o and_o fair_a fruit_n then_o high_a tree_n the_o reflection_n of_o heat_n from_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v almost_o as_o strong_a as_o from_o a_o wall_n and_o the_o fruit_n may_v be_v keep_v long_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n even_o till_o after_o september_n or_o october_n for_o if_o a_o cloth_n be_v sometime_o in_o hot_a weather_n spread_v over_o they_o and_o moisten_v it_o will_v keep_v the_o fruit_n from_o ripen_v too_o soon_o yet_o shade_v they_o not_o too_o much_o lest_o they_o come_v not_o to_o full_a ripeness_n afterward_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a some_o old_a canvas_n haircloth_n or_o such_o like_a may_v be_v spread_v over_o they_o to_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n from_o bird_n and_o may_v be_v so_o keep_v long_o look_v that_o snail_n eat_v they_o not_o or_o else_o a_o net_n may_v be_v spread_v over_o such_o tree_n to_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n i_o have_v know_v fair_a cherry_n upon_o tree_n towards_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n i_o conceive_v the_o great_a bear_a cherry_n or_o other_o late_a ripe_a tart_a cherry_n to_o be_v the_o best_a to_o keep_v long_o in_o this_o manner_n such_o be_v more_o hardy_a than_o other_o kind_n cherry_n very_o late_o be_v as_o great_a rarity_n as_o those_o that_o be_v early_o 535._o tree_n be_v general_o set_v of_o root_n or_o kernel_n but_o if_o you_o set_v they_o of_o slip_n as_o the_o mulberry_n etc._n etc._n they_o will_v grow_v and_o those_o as_o be_v report_v will_v be_v dwarf_n tree_n the_o cause_n be_v for_o that_o the_o slip_n draw_v nourishment_n more_o weak_o then_o either_o a_o root_n or_o kernel_n mulberry-tree_n slip_v observation_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v of_o slip_n may_v be_v make_v dwarf_n tree_n if_o we_o will_v order_v they_o according_o that_o be_v if_o we_o suffer_v all_o the_o side_n branch_n to_o grow_v or_o such_o slip_n take_v root_n may_v be_v make_v high_a tree_n in_o time_n if_o we_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n branch_n and_o preserve_v only_o the_o middle_n strait_a shoot_n but_o indeed_o at_o first_o for_o certain_a year_n they_o must_v needs_o be_v dwarf_n tree_n until_o they_o can_v rise_v high_o which_o in_o time_n they_o will_v do_v if_o they_o take_v root_n well_o and_o the_o ground_n be_v good_a in_o clay_n ground_n 544._o all_o fruit-tree_n grow_v full_a of_o moss_n both_o upon_o body_n and_o bough_n which_o be_v cause_v partly_o by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n whereby_o the_o plant_n nourish_v less_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o toughness_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o the_o sap_n be_v shut_v in_o etc._n etc._n we_o see_v by_o experience_n observation_n that_o tree_n grow_v upon_o cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n or_o clay_n gravel_n barren_a ground_n do_v general_o breed_v moss_n which_o be_v cause_v as_o the_o author_n say_v by_o the_o coldness_n and_o scantness_n of_o the_o nourishment_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v need_n beside_o the_o scrape_n off_o of_o the_o moss_n to_o lay_v the_o root_n of_o fruit-tree_n as_o dry_a as_o may_v be_v in_o such_o moist_a ground_n by_o trench_v or_o otherwise_o and_o also_o to_o bring_v in_o some_o soil_n to_o make_v the_o ground_n better_o and_o warm_a as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v see_v of_o this_o more_o at_o large_a treatise_n of_o fruit_n tree_n 578._o is_n be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o common_o tree_n that_o ripen_v their_o fruit_n late_a do_v blossom_n soon_o observation_n some_o fruit-tree_n indeed_o which_o bring_v forth_o their_o fruit_n to_o perfection_n and_o ripeness_n late_o in_o the_o year_n do_v blossom_n early_o as_o have_v need_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o ripen_v they_o all_o the_o summer_n but_o some_o other_o kind_n blossom_v early_o and_o ripen_v their_o fruit_n also_o early_o as_o may-cherry-tree_n the_o premarden_fw-mi plum_n also_o the_o mirabilon_n plum-tree_n blossom_n exceed_v early_o and_o the_o tree_n bring_v forth_o his_o fruit_n early_o i_o have_v get_v ripe_a plum_n from_o this_o tree_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n which_o be_v early_o for_o plum_n 579._o there_o be_v fruit_n but_o rare_o that_o come_v twice_o a_o year_n as_o some_o pear_n strawberry_n etc._n etc._n rose_n bear_v twice_o but_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cut_v observation_n the_o windsor_n pear-tree_n do_v blossom_n and_o bear_v fruit_n twice_o in_o the_o year_n some_o year_n but_o the_o second_o bear_v i_o can_v never_o see_v worth_a the_o gather_n for_o they_o be_v poor_a small_a hard_a fruit_n not_o worth_a any_o thing_n i_o have_v see_v cherry_n twice_o in_o the_o year_n upon_o one_o and_o the_o same_o tree_n a_o early_a flanders_n which_o i_o set_v upon_o a_o very_a warm_a southwall_n bear_v ripe_a cherry_n about_o the_o twenty_o of_o may_n and_o the_o same_o tree_n bear_v ripe_a cherry_n afterward_o about_o the_o six_o of_o october_n strawberry_n ordinary_o bear_v twice_o a_o year_n though_o but_o few_o the_o second_o time_n as_o for_o rosetree_n some_o damask_n rose_n and_o some_o provost_n bear_v a_o second_o time_n the_o same_o year_n though_o but_o few_o if_o cut_v soon_o after_o the_o first_o bear_v in_o the_o full_a moon_n but_o beside_o there_o be_v a_o rose-tree_n call_v the_o monthly_a rose_n which_o bear_v rose_n until_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n stop_v it_o about_o november_n nothing_o procure_v the_o last_a of_o tree_n 586._o bush_n and_o herb_n so_o much_o as_o often_o cut_v for_o every_o cut_n cause_v a_o renovation_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o plant_n that_o it_o neither_o go_v so_o far_o nor_o rise_v so_o faint_o as_o when_o the_o plant_n be_v not_o cut_v this_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o cut_v of_o tree_n observation_n else_o instead_o of_o make_v they_o last_v long_o we_o shorten_v their_o life_n that_o be_v that_o we_o so_o cut_v they_o that_o the_o wet_a and_o moisture_n get_v not_o into_o their_o body_n which_o in_o certain_a year_n will_v rot_v and_o spoil_v they_o as_o we_o see_v in_o many_o pollard-tree_n which_o be_v hollow_a all_o along_o their_o body_n and_o many_o fruit-tree_n have_v have_v their_o head_n cut_v off_o when_o they_o be_v great_a tree_n and_o graft_v again_o we_o see_v the_o wet_a and_o moisture_n get_v in_o at_o the_o top_n before_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v the_o head_n and_o rot_v the_o tree_n which_o can_v never_o grow_v great_a after_o nor_o last_v long_o but_o rot_v and_o decay_v in_o few_o year_n whereas_o tree_n that_o be_v sound_a fruit-tree_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n must_v needs_o last_v much_o long_o by_o cut_v off_o side_n branch_n and_o all_o superfluous_a branch_n which_o be_v not_o great_a that_o conduce_v to_o the_o last_a of_o tree_n as_o give_v the_o more_o plentiful_a and_o vigorous_a nourishment_n to_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v and_o to_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o vii_o century_n 624._o qvince_n or_o apple_n if_o you_o will_v keep_v they_o long_o drown_v they_o in_o honey_n but_o because_o hony_n perhaps_o will_v give_v they_o a_o taste_v overlushious_a it_o be_v good_a to_o make_v trial_n in_o powder_n of_o sugar_n or_o in_o syrup_n of_o wine_n only_o boil_a to_o height_n observation_n as_o for_o keep_v of_o apple_n keep_v they_o in_o honey_n or_o sugar_n will_v be_v too_o costly_a some_o pippin_n and_o john-apple_n will_v of_o themselves_o last_v till_o new_o come_v again_o it_o be_v good_a then_o to_o get_v such_o kind_n that_o we_o may_v have_v for_o use_v all_o the_o year_n long_o without_o charge_n in_o keep_v and_o for_o keep_v quince_n they_o be_v keep_v long_o in_o pickle_n make_v of_o the_o paring_n and_o cores_fw-la of_o those_o that_o be_v use_v for_o marmalade_n well_o boil_a in_o water_n with_o salt_n and_o ginger_n or_o a_o better_a way_n as_o some_o account_n be_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o small_a ale_n a_o penny_n a_o gallon_n and_o to_o draw_v it_o off_o once_o in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o day_n and_o put_v in_o fresh_a thus_o it_o be_v say_v they_o will_v last_v two_o year_n take_v grape_n and_o hang_v they_o in_o a_o empty_a vessel_n well_o stop_v 627_o and_o set_v the_o vessel_n not_o in_o a_o cellar_n but_o in_o some_o dry_a place_n and_o it_o be_v say_v they_o will_v last_v long_o grape_n will_v keep_v for_o some_o short_a time_n in_o this_o mrnner_n observation_n as_o have_v be_v say_v but_o when_o cold_a

bark_n of_o tree_n p._n 139_o destroy_v caterpillar_n in_o breed_a p._n 140_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n from_o ant_n erewig_n snail_n wasp_n bird_n and_o wind_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v p._n 141_o 142_o apple_n best_o for_o cider_n p._n 144_o increase_v the_o best_a kind_n for_o cider_n p._n 145_o some_o cider_n soon_o ready_a than_o other_o kind_n p._n 145_o how_o to_o make_v cider_n and_o perry_n p._n 146_o of_o botling_n cider_n p._n 147_o how_o to_o keep_v bottle_n of_o cider_n p._n 147_o of_o the_o healthfulness_n of_o cider_n p._n 148_o how_o to_o keep_v apple_n p._n 151_o apple_n be_v singular_a good_a to_o cure_v the_o strangury_n and_o other_o disease_n proceed_v of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o make_v water_n see_v how_o order_v p._n 153_o pear_n be_v more_o nourish_v than_o apple_n p._n 154_o a_o wine_n of_o pear_n not_o inferior_a to_o french-wine_n p._n 154_o quince_n cordial_a fruit_n and_o of_o manifold_a use_n p._n 155_o how_o to_o keep_v quince_n a_o year_n or_o two_o p._n 156_o cherry_n breed_v good_a blood_n in_o the_o body_n p._n 156_o a_o pleasant_a refresh_a wine_n make_v of_o cherry_n more_o fit_a for_o summer_n than_o hot_a wine_n p._n 157_o cherry_n boil_a in_o broth_n and_o drink_n good_a for_o hot_a and_o feverish_a body_n p._n 158_o kernel_n of_o cherry-stone_n break_v the_o bladder_n stone_n p._n 158_o plum_n cast_v out_o choleric_a humour_n and_o be_v good_a in_o hot_a disease_n p._n 158_o the_o infusion_n of_o dry_a aprecot_n be_v profitable_a in_o sharp_a fever_n p._n 159_o peach_n cool_a and_o keep_v the_o belly_n soluble_a eat_v they_o as_o all_o other_o fruit_n moderate_o and_o drink_v a_o cup_n of_o wine_n after_o p._n 160_o wine_n of_o mulberry_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o juice_n will_v colour_v white-wine_n cider_n perry_n etc._n etc._n and_o make_v a_o pleasant_a sauce_n p._n 1â—0_o juice_n of_o mulberry_n good_a against_o a_o sore_a mouth_n or_o throat_n they_o stir_v up_o a_o languish_a appetite_n p._n 161_o fig_n nourish_v much_o and_o breed_v store_n of_o blood_n be_v account_v restorative_n they_o help_v a_o old_a cough_n boil_a with_o isop_n be_v for_o many_o other_o purpose_n p._n 161_o meddler_n fortify_v digestion_n stay_v vomit_v and_o looseness_n of_o the_o belly_n kernel_n with_o parsley_n root_n etc._n etc._n mighty_o drive_v out_o stone_n and_o gravel_n from_o the_o kidney_n p._n 162_o walnut_n help_v digestion_n with_o other_o thing_n they_o resist_v poison_n green_a walnut_n distil_v preserve_v against_o the_o pestilence_n p._n 163_o error_n discover_v concern_v the_o art_n of_o plant_v first_o in_o the_o write_n of_o some_o second_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o see_v the_o particular_n p._n 165_o 166_o 167_o etc._n etc._n situation_n of_o a_o orchard_n p._n 212_o soil_v of_o a_o orchard_n p._n 213_o cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n p._n 215_o hot_a and_o dry_a ground_n p._n 215_o cold_a clay_n ground_n p._n 215_o stony_a gravel_n ground_n p._n 216_o low_a bottom_n ground_n p._n 216_o shelter_n for_o a_o orchard_n p._n 217_o walnut-tree_n good_a shelter_n p._n 218_o quantity_n of_o ground_n for_o a_o orchard_n p._n 220_o such_o as_o begin_v to_o plant_n soon_o will_v have_v most_o profit_n p._n 220_o great_a profit_n with_o little_a cost_n and_o pain_n p._n 221_o orchard_n and_o garden_n on_o the_o south_n side_n p._n 221_o build_v the_o house_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o orchard_n p._n 222_o sweet_a fresh_a air_n conduce_v to_o health_n and_o long_a life_n more_o than_o diet_n p._n 222_o many_o stock_n of_o bee_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o great_a orchard_n p._n 223_o plant_v fruit-tree_n in_o the_o field_n and_o hedge_n p._n 224_o observe_v right_a kind_n of_o tree_n p._n 224_o plant_v high_a tree_n in_o field_n p._n 225_o manner_n of_o plant_v in_o the_o field_n p._n 226_o shade_n and_o dropping_n no_o considerable_a prejudice_n p._n 227_o great_a profit_n of_o fruit-tree_n by_o cider_n and_o perry_n p._n 227_o cider_n more_o healthy_a than_o other_o liquor_n p._n 228_o long_a experience_n prove_v the_o healthfulness_n of_o cider_n p._n 228_o windiness_n of_o cider_n only_o at_o first_o p._n 229_o cider_n of_o some_o apple_n be_v cordial_a p._n 230_o apprehension_n of_o good_a make_v man_n seek_v after_o it_o p._n 231_o health_n and_o long-life_n p._n 231_o riches_n and_o profit_n p._n 231_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n p._n 232_o let_v landlord_n and_o tenant_n agree_v to_o plant_v p._n 233_o a_o increase_n manifold_a p._n 233_o husbandry_n the_o end_n of_o man_n other_o endeavour_n p._n 234_o nation_n subsist_v by_o husbandry_n p._n 234_o plant_v oak_n ash_n elm_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o wood_n p._n 235_o land_n not_o worth_a twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n be_v make_v worth_n five_o pound_n in_o few_o year_n p._n 236_o wood_n on_o good_a land_n worth_a sixty_o pound_n a_o acre_n p._n 236_o one_o hundred_o ash_n sell_v for_o five_o hundred_o pound_n p._n 237_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n worth_a of_o wood_n raise_v in_o a_o age_n by_o one_o man_n p._n 237_o a_o necessity_n of_o plant_v wood_n p_o 237_o it_o be_v desire_v the_o high_a power_n will_v enjoin_v this_o work_n p._n 238_o reason_n for_o it_o p._n 238_o other_o nation_n look_v more_o after_o plant_v p._n 239_o how_o to_o have_v great_a store_n of_o young_a oak_n ash_n etc._n etc._n p._n 240_o how_o to_o get_v elm_n plant_n p._n 240_o cut_v not_o the_o top_n p_o 241_o draw_v many_o plant_n and_o leave_v the_o rest_n p._n 241_o willow_n osier_n withy_n sally_n etc._n etc._n p._n 241_o soil_n best_o for_o a_o plantation_n p._n 242_o of_o vine_n yard_n in_o england_n p._n 243_o camden_n testimony_n of_o vineyard_n in_o england_n p._n 243_o mr._n parkinson_n judgement_n of_o vineyard_n in_o england_n p._n 244_o a_o vine-yard_n must_v have_v all_o advantage_n with_o we_o p._n 245_o a_o experience_a way_n for_o good_a wine_n p._n 245_o various_a thing_n promiscuous_o 1_o make_v some_o wall-tree_n dwarftree_n p._n 246_o 2_o keep_v the_o ground_n bare_a under_z and_o about_o they_o p._n 247_o 3_o wet_a ground_n bad_a for_o tree_n p._n 247_o 4_o help_n to_o fruit-tree_n in_o bear_v p._n 247_o 5_o take_v heed_n that_o pismire_n eft_o and_o such_o like_a be_v not_o about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n p._n 248_o 6_o fruit-tree_n advantage_n grass_n some_o way_n p._n 248_o 7_o fruit-tree_n profitable_a many_o way_n p._n 248_o 8_o help_n for_o barren_a vine_n p._n 249_o 9_o how_o to_o keep_v grape_n p._n 249_o 10_o much_o profit_n by_o plant_v in_o one_o age_n p._n 249_o 11_o remedy_n against_o coney_n mouse_n etc._n etc._n p._n 250_o 12_o to_o have_v cherry_n and_o other_o fruit_n late_o p._n 250_o 13_o destroy_v snail_n in_o garden_n p._n 251_o 14_o to_o have_v fruit_n grow_v within_o door_n p._n 251_o 15_o apple_n that_o have_v lie_v a_o certain_a time_n make_v the_o best_a cider_n p._n 252_o 16_o tun_n up_o cider_n as_o soon_o as_o may_v be_v p._n 252_o 17_o what_o flag_n be_v best_a to_o bind_v withal_o p._n 252_o 18_o fit_a graft_n and_o stock_n in_o bigness_n p._n 253_o 19_o cut_a graft_n in_o due_a season_n p._n 253_o 20_o seed-stock_n better_o than_o woodstock_n p._n 254_o 21_o weed_n the_o nursery_n p._n 255_o 22_o cut_a not_o off_o side-branche_n too_o soon_o p._n 255_o 23_o how_o to_o get_v great_a bough_n with_o root_n from_o tree_n p._n 255_o 24_o look_v that_o seed_n lie_v not_o above_o ground_n p._n 257_o 25_o lay_v dung_n upon_o the_o root_n of_o new_a set_a plant_n p._n 257_o 26_o leave_v a_o bud_n on_o the_o outside_n p._n 258_o 27_o preserve_v some_o ungraft_v tree_n for_o cider_n sow_v acorn_n ashkeye_n and_o other_o seed_n p._n 159_o a_o table_n show_v the_o principal_a thing_n contain_v in_o these_o experiment_n and_o observation_n acceleration_n of_o germination_n by_o sow_v seed_n upon_o a_o hot_a bed_n page_z 2_o steep_v of_o seed_n kernel_n stone_n etc._n etc._n in_o liquor_n before_o sow_v to_o make_v they_o spring_v up_o the_o soon_o p._n 3_o water_v of_o strawberry_n to_o hasten_v ripen_v p._n 4_o blood_n and_o other_o thing_n apply_v to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n p._n 4_o fruit_n upon_o the_o south_n and_o east_n sun_n ripen_v soon_o p_o 5_o digging_z about_o the_o root_n of_o some_o tree_n be_v profitable_a p._n 6_o rosetree_n bud_v forth_o in_o the_o house_n p._n 6_o flower_n with_o bulbous_a root_n grow_v a_o time_n in_o water_n p._n 7._o pease_n radish_n etc._n etc._n early_a p._n 7_o water_n necessary_a to_o fruit-tree_n but_o not_o over_o much_o p._n 8_o plant_n house_v seasonable_o bud_v soon_a p._n 8_o to_o make_v rose_n come_v late_a several_a mean_n p._n 9_o 10_o 11_o stones_n weed_n muck-hill_n etc._n etc._n lay_v about_o the_o root_n of_o new_a set_a tree_n make_v

seed_n and_o stone_n about_o a_o handful_n deep_a or_o less_o and_o after_o rake_v they_o all_o over_o and_o that_o none_o may_v be_v leave_v uncover_v sift_v some_o small_a mould_n with_o a_o sieve_n or_o besprinkle_v it_o with_o a_o spade_n all_o over_o they_o and_o so_o let_v they_o rest_v all_o winter_n mouse_n and_o careful_o observe_v that_o mouse_n devour_v not_o the_o seed_n in_o winter_n if_o you_o perceive_v it_o set_v trap_n and_o lay_v ratsbane_n to_o destroy_v they_o though_o you_o can_v see_v the_o mouse_n yet_o if_o they_o have_v be_v there_o as_o common_o they_o be_v it_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o divers_a small_a hole_n up_o and_o down_o the_o seed-beed_n where_o they_o have_v devour_v the_o seed_n and_o some_o husk_n will_v lie_v above_o ground_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n let_v they_o be_v weed_v from_o time_n to_o time_n clean_a and_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v dry_a let_v they_o be_v water_v now_o and_o then_o and_o they_o will_v make_v a_o growth_n the_o same_o year_n according_a to_o the_o strength_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o they_o grow_v plant_n come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n be_v far_o better_o than_o sucker_n from_o root_n of_o tree_n although_o such_o be_v good_a and_o useful_a for_o stock_n also_o if_o they_o have_v good_a root_n in_o weed_n the_o young_a seed-plant_n some_o will_v come_v up_o with_o the_o weed_n set_v they_o again_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n than_o water_n they_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o autumn_n when_o they_o have_v do_v grow_v let_v they_o be_v transplant_v into_o other_o bed_n of_o ground_n prepare_v for_o that_o purpose_n thus_o let_v the_o ground_n be_v dig_v and_o cast_v into_o square_a plot_n or_o long_a plot_n as_o you_o will_v and_o lay_v level_a with_o a_o rake_n than_o set_v the_o young_a seed-plant_n therein_o in_o this_o manner_n have_v cast_v up_o the_o border_n handsome_o on_o each_o side_n stretch_v a_o line_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o then_o take_v a_o 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more_o seed-plant_n and_o set_v they_o as_o before_o let_v not_o the_o root_n be_v too_o long_o about_o a_o handful_n in_o length_n or_o less_o be_v sufficient_a for_o if_o their_o root_n be_v long_o and_o set_v deep_a the_o tree_n afterward_o be_v take_v up_o with_o more_o difficulty_n then_o take_v up_o the_o line_n and_o stretch_v it_o again_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a from_o the_o plant_n last_o set_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o convenient_a space_n of_o ground_n to_o pass_v between_o to_o weed_v the_o plant_n and_o to_o graft_v and_o inoculate_v they_o be_v grow_v fit_a and_o have_v make_v hole_n and_o prune_v the_o plant_n set_v they_o as_o before_o and_o thus_o set_v the_o nursery_n throughout_o and_o many_o of_o these_o will_v be_v ready_a after_o one_o year_n to_o inoculate_v and_o after_o two_o year_n or_o three_o to_o graft_v yea_o many_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o graft_v after_o the_o first_o year_n and_o some_o fit_a to_o inoculate_v the_o first_o summer_n be_v sure_a to_o transplant_v all_o young_a seed-plant_n seed-plant_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o get_v good_a root_n which_o of_o themselves_o thrust_v down_o one_o single_a root_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o be_v grow_v two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v they_o be_v fit_a to_o transplant_v to_o make_v orchard_n or_o into_o field_n and_o hedge_n at_o a_o competent_a distance_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o set_v tree_n thus_o man_n may_v in_o a_o few_o year_n prepare_v multitude_n of_o young_a tree_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o to_o give_v or_o sell_v as_o they_o please_v some_o procure_v crabstock_n from_o the_o wood_n and_o set_v they_o to_o graft_v on_o have_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o but_o these_o stock_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o those_o that_o come_v of_o seed_n we_o see_v by_o continual_a experience_n many_o be_v deceive_v by_o they_o though_o some_o may_v do_v well_o and_o further_o observe_v summer_n not_o only_o to_o remove_v all_o seed-plant_n as_o before_o but_o let_v it_o be_v do_v the_o next_o autumn_n or_o winter_n let_v they_o have_v but_o one_o summer_n growth_n from_o the_o seed_n before_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o be_v prepare_v in_o the_o nursery_n unless_o they_o be_v very_o small_a for_o there_o be_v advantage_n in_o it_o above_o those_o that_o grow_v where_o they_o be_v sow_v two_o or_o three_o year_n before_o remove_v for_o these_o small_a seed-plant_n be_v not_o only_o easy_o draw_v up_o and_o easy_o set_v again_o with_o a_o small_a setting-instrument_n but_o also_o their_o root_n be_v but_o short_a they_o take_v root_n and_o spread_v their_o root_n near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o be_v easy_o take_v up_o and_o remove_v after_o graft_v have_v grow_v three_o or_o four_o year_n or_o more_o year_n whereas_o such_o as_o grow_v two_o or_o three_o year_n upon_o the_o seed_n bed_n before_o remove_v they_o thrust_v their_o root_n very_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v not_o only_o hard_a to_o be_v draw_v up_o but_o likewise_o their_o root_n when_o set_v again_o must_v of_o necessity_n though_o a_o great_a part_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v thrust_v down_o very_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o such_o spread_v their_o root_n deep_a for_o they_o thrust_v their_o young_a root_n from_o the_o low_a part_n where_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o so_o they_o neither_o have_v so_o good_a nourishment_n from_o the_o earth_n as_o spread_v below_o the_o best_a soil_n nor_o be_v they_o so_o easy_o to_o be_v transplant_v when_o they_o be_v ready_a as_o those_o other_o which_o be_v draw_v the_o first_o year_n and_o set_v very_o small_a as_o before_o this_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o therefore_o observe_v it_o i_o undergo_v great_a inconvenience_n when_o i_o come_v to_o remove_v some_o before_o i_o find_v out_o this_o observation_n now_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o inoculate_v and_o graft_v these_o plant_n be_v thus_o prepare_v and_o grow_v fit_a first_o concern_v graft_a graft_v wherein_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o time_n february_n and_o march_n usual_o with_o most_o be_v the_o two_o chief_n month_n for_o graft_v but_o we_o may_v begin_v soon_o and_o its_o best_a so_o to_o do_v especial_o with_o cherry_n and_o plum_n graft_v if_o the_o weather_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n or_o in_o december_n yea_o i_o have_v graft_v some_o with_o good_a success_n in_o november_n and_o soon_o but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n we_o may_v begin_v if_o frost_n hinder_v not_o and_o such_o as_o have_v multitude_n to_o engraft_v must_v needs_o begin_v early_o else_o they_o will_v want_v time_n graft_n of_o cherry_n and_o plum-tree_n must_v be_v graft_v soon_o because_o they_o bud_v soon_o and_o begin_v with_o they_o ere_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v forth_o and_o then_o with_o pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n graft_n of_o any_o kind_n may_v be_v get_v and_o keep_v many_o day_n grafâ—s_n or_o many_o week_n the_o one_o half_a in_o length_n be_v cover_v with_o mould_n bind_v not_o many_o together_o for_o if_o so_o those_o in_o the_o middle_n will_v dry_v and_o be_v spoil_v in_o certain_a day_n but_o lay_v they_o thin_a in_o the_o mould_n or_o they_o may_v be_v graft_v immediate_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v get_v graft_v none_o but_o those_o of_o one_o year_n growth_n only_o the_o last_o year_n sprout_v the_o fair_a and_o thick_a be_v best_a they_o may_v be_v carry_v many_o mile_n be_v bind_v up_o close_o from_o end_n to_o end_v in_o a_o hayband_n or_o better_a in_o a_o box_n of_o mould_n or_o their_o end_n stick_v in_o clay_n and_o wrap_v about_o that_o they_o bruise_v not_o graft_v that_o this_o work_n

other_o as_o concern_v the_o distance_n of_o wal_n tree_n wal-tree_n they_o may_v be_v plant_v 2_o 3_o 4_o 6_o or_o more_o yard_n asunder_o more_n or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o soil_n for_o aprecot_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o plum_n grow_v much_o large_a than_o some_o other_o tree_n some_o aprecot-tree_n in_o good_a soil_n will_v spread_v 7_o or_o 8_o yard_n wide_a or_o more_o whereas_o the_o may_v cherrytree_n be_v but_o small_a at_o big_a it_o may_v be_v 2_o yard_n wide_a or_o scarce_o above_o 3._o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o late_a etc._n to_o make_v cherry-hedge_n in_o garden_n and_o orchard_n and_o hedge_n of_o quodling_n nurs-garden_n plum_n vine_n and_o such_o like_a tree_n that_o may_v be_v keep_v by_o cut_v and_o plaish_v one_o branch_n within_o another_o from_o grow_v very_o large_a these_o be_v usual_o make_v along_o the_o side_n of_o walk_n or_o round_o about_o a_o garden-plot_n and_o such_o a_o hedge_n be_v a_o very_a great_a ornament_n to_o a_o garden_n be_v order_v and_o keep_v handsome_o now_o tree_n set_v to_o this_o purpose_n need_v the_o least_o distance_n of_o any_o other_o cherryhedg_n a_o yard_n asunder_o or_o a_o ell_n or_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o bigness_n and_o spread_v of_o the_o young_a tree_n for_o these_o shall_v meet_v or_o near_o it_o the_o first_o year_n which_o shall_v be_v order_v thus_o etc._n stretch_v a_o line_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o where_o the_o hedge_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o set_v the_o tree_n straight_o at_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_a afterward_o knock_v down_o a_o stake_n between_o each_o tree_n summer_n then_o have_v straight_o long_a rod_n or_o pole_n of_o ash_n or_o the_o like_a tie_v a_o row_n of_o they_o along_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o about_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n fast_o to_o the_o stake_n with_o osier_n or_o such_o like_a or_o else_o nail_v they_o which_o be_v better_o and_o another_o row_n of_o rod_n a_o foot_n above_o they_o and_o so_o a_o three_o if_o need_v be_v according_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o young_a plant_n have_v thus_o do_v spread_v and_o tie_v the_o branch_n and_o twig_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o order_n to_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o too_o hard_a and_o draw_v and_o fasten_v some_o of_o they_o down_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v blossom_n and_o fruit_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n which_o will_v be_v a_o most_o beautiful_a sight_n to_o behold_v in_o spring_n and_o summer_n then_o after_o a_o few_o year_n the_o stake_n and_o pole_n may_v be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o branch_n plait_v and_o weave_v one_o within_o another_o from_o year_n to_o year_n and_o the_o superfluous_a one_o cut_v off_o yet_o notwithstanding_o what_o have_v be_v say_v for_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a distance_n between_o appletree_n respect_n and_o pear-tree_n this_o may_v be_v say_v for_o nearness_n of_o set_v that_o it_o be_v best_o for_o present_a profit_n for_o if_o appletree_n pear-tree_n etc._n etc._n be_v set_v 4_o or_o 5_o yard_n asunder_o there_o will_v be_v room_n enough_o for_o they_o for_o divers_a year_n perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v a_o dozen_o 16_o or_o 20_o yeaâ—s_n ere_o they_o meet_v and_o all_o that_o time_n a_o man_n have_v the_o fruit_n of_o they_o and_o then_o when_o they_o meet_v he_o may_v and_o it_o will_v be_v best_a to_o cut_v down_o each_o other_o or_o if_o they_o be_v not_o too_o great_a to_o remove_v they_o to_o some_o other_o place_n these_o tree_n be_v the_o best_a to_o be_v set_v at_o large_a in_o pasture_n and_o other_o field_n land_n take_v up_o with_o large_a root_n and_o disbranch_a and_o set_v with_o 3_o or_o 4_o stake_n about_o they_o that_o cattle_n rub_v not_o upon_o they_o and_o although_o they_o be_v for_o nothing_o but_o the_o fire_n yet_o for_o that_o they_o will_v be_v more_o worth_a than_o they_o cost_v at_o first_o and_o all_o the_o fruit_n they_o have_v bear_v to_o that_o time_n be_v superad_v as_o for_o standard_n cherrytree_n 4_o or_o 5_o yard_n distance_n be_v convenient_a as_o for_o those_o who_o have_v but_o small_a quantity_n of_o ground_n to_o plant_v it_o will_v be_v most_o profitable_a to_o plant_v near_o together_o as_o may_v convenient_o be_v not_o only_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o fruit_n of_o each_o other_o tree_n which_o may_v afterward_o be_v take_v away_o but_o also_o that_o they_o may_v have_v variety_n of_o fruit_n even_o in_o a_o small_a compass_n of_o ground_n but_o those_o that_o have_v room_n enough_o i_o say_v as_o before_o let_v the_o tree_n be_v plant_v at_o a_o large_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o for_o the_o reason_n allege_v pag._n 65._o tree_n concern_v order_n in_o set_v tree_n though_o it_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o a_o good_a orchard_n yet_o if_o man_n stand_v upon_o it_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o a_o square_a plot_n of_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o by_o a_o line_n and_o then_o measure_v the_o distance_n that_o must_v be_v between_o every_o tree_n according_a to_o the_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v and_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o have_v be_v say_v and_o have_v measure_v exact_o the_o square_a plot_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n set_v a_o stake_n or_o pole_n in_o the_o place_n where_o every_o tree_n must_v stand_v and_o dig_v the_o soil_n round_o about_o it_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o three_o foot_n broad_a then_o set_v the_o four_o corner_n first_o then_o fill_v up_o the_o square_a plot_n on_o all_o the_o four_o side_n with_o plant_n order_v as_o before_o and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o other_o place_n in_o the_o plot_n exact_o by_o the_o line_n or_o by_o the_o eye_n if_o there_o be_v four_o or_o five_o person_n to_o assist_v in_o the_o work_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o tree_n will_v stand_v in_o row_v every_o way_n this_o square_a once_o plant_v though_o but_o small_a at_o first_o may_v be_v enlarge_v every_o way_n as_o the_o ground_n permit_v or_o else_o the_o orchard_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n and_o yet_o the_o tree_n stand_v in_o a_o right_a line_n every_o way_n by_o this_o mean_n and_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v set_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n one_o may_v be_v plant_v in_o the_o midst_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o one_o in_o the_o qnincunx_n in_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o tree_n transplant_n consider_v what_o soil_n they_o come_v out_o of_o whether_o a_o fat_a and_o force_a soil_n as_o divers_a of_o the_o nursery_n about_o london_n or_o some_o ordinary_a natural_a soil_n if_o they_o come_v out_o of_o very_o good_a ground_n then_o procure_v as_o good_a or_o better_a if_o it_o may_v be_v have_v though_o but_o a_o little_a to_o lay_v next_o to_o their_o root_n when_o they_o be_v set_v again_o weed_n dung_n and_o such_o like_a lay_v on_o a_o heap_n will_v become_v good_a mould_n in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o such_o heap_n lie_v together_o divers_a year_n be_v then_o special_a mould_n for_o the_o root_n of_o young_a tree_n at_o their_o first_o set_v this_o shall_v always_o be_v observe_v to_o plant_v tree_n in_o as_o good_a or_o better_a soil_n be_v remove_v as_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v take_v for_o every_o thing_n in_o nature_n advance_v to_o the_o better_a it_o be_v grateful_a and_o beneficial_a to_o it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o worse_o it_o be_v a_o check_n and_o repulse_n to_o nature_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o if_o it_o be_v in_o any_o great_a degree_n it_o either_o much_o weaken_v it_o or_o quite_o destroy_v it_o therefore_o choose_v tree_n out_o of_o poor_a soil_n but_o if_o they_o must_v be_v have_v out_o of_o rich_a soil_n then_o be_v sure_a to_o procure_v some_o more_o or_o less_o of_o as_o good_a or_o better_a then_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o lay_v to_o their_o root_n when_o set_v again_o for_o want_v of_o observe_v this_o course_n many_o hundred_o of_o good_a plant_n have_v be_v lose_v from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o order_n of_o young_a plant_n the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n of_o plant_v have_v a_o influence_n upon_o they_o many_o year_n which_o if_o neglect_v then_o the_o labour_n and_o diligence_n of_o many_o year_n after_o can_v countervail_v it_o the_o order_n of_o cattle_n while_o they_o be_v young_a either_o make_v or_o mar_v they_o so_o of_o tree_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o some_o proportion_n but_o after_o they_o have_v well_o take_v root_n the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n they_o will_v then_o grow_v in_o ordinary_a soil_n the_o great_a danger_n be_v at_o first_o plant_v

after_o they_o be_v grow_v strong_a and_o out_o of_o their_o reach_n save_v oâ—ely_o at_o those_o season_n when_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a because_o rub_v against_o the_o treâ—s_n will_v shake_v down_o the_o fruit_n and_o spoil_v they_o and_o it_o be_v better_a they_o do_v not_o rub_v against_o the_o tree_n at_o any_o time_n for_o in_o that_o respect_n they_o may_v do_v hurt_v therefore_o set_v stake_n or_o post_n about_o the_o tree_n for_o the_o cattle_n to_o rub_v against_o whereby_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v preserve_v concern_v transplant_n prune_v and_o order_v the_o root_n of_o tree_n thus_o much_o see_v further_o error_n in_o practice_n disease_n incident_a to_o fruit-tree_n fruit-tree_n be_v subject_a to_o divers_a disease_n baptist._n port._n say_v 35._o affliguntur_fw-la plantae_fw-la omnes_fw-la veluti_fw-la animalia_fw-la diversis_fw-la morbis_fw-la all_o tree_n or_o plant_n be_v afflict_v with_o divers_a disease_n as_o sensible_a creature_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v apply_v ourselves_o to_o cure_v they_o not_o for_o pity_v to_o the_o tree_n as_o the_o indulgent_a compassionate_a manichee_n but_o for_o our_o own_o profit_n i_o shall_v at_o present_a mention_v only_o four_o disease_n that_o sometime_o happen_v to_o fruit-tree_n mossiness_n bark-bound_a canker_n and_o worm_n concern_v mossiness_n of_o fruit-tree_n the_o way_n to_o cure_v that_o and_o other_o disease_n be_v to_o take_v away_o the_o cause_n mossiness_n sublatÃ¢_fw-la causÃ¢_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la if_o the_o spring_n be_v stop_v the_o stream_n can_v run_v some_o to_o cure_v this_o only_o scrape_v off_o the_o moss_n not_o endeavour_v to_o take_v away_o the_o cause_n so_o that_o in_o few_o year_n they_o be_v as_o bad_a again_o that_o be_v but_o like_a endeavour_n for_o cure_n of_o the_o toothache_n or_o gout_n or_o the_o like_a with_o some_o outward_a application_n which_o although_o they_o may_v give_v some_o ease_n for_o a_o while_n yet_o they_o strike_v not_o at_o the_o root_n they_o remove_v not_o the_o cause_n and_o therefore_o they_o return_v again_o so_o that_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o the_o cause_n of_o mossiness_n be_v sometime_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o over_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o in_o waterish_a and_o clay_n ground_n likewise_o by_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n if_o it_o be_v coldness_n through_o moisture_n then_o use_v all_o mean_n to_o lay_v it_o dryer_n by_o trench_v the_o ground_n or_o if_o it_o be_v clay_n ground_n then_o bring_v in_o some_o warm_a soil_n to_o mix_v with_o it_o as_o sand_n ash_n sheeps-dung_n pigeon_n or_o hens-dung_n or_o the_o like_a if_o the_o soil_n be_v too_o barren_a then_o help_v it_o by_o mixture_n of_o good_a soil_n round_o about_o the_o root_n but_o withal_o take_v away_o the_o moss_n that_o be_v already_o upon_o the_o tree_n in_o this_o manner_n after_o rain_n rub_v it_o off_o with_o a_o haircloth_n else_o scrape_v it_o off_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o hard_a wood_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o knife_n bark-bound_a another_o be_v the_o bark-bound_a disease_n this_o exceed_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o tree_n it_o make_v they_o live_v linger_o and_o poor_o this_o happen_v when_o there_o be_v but_o a_o dull_a and_o slow_a passage_n up_o of_o sap_n and_o in_o small_a quantity_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o barrenness_n of_o soil_n or_o want_v of_o due_a culture_n to_o the_o branch_n therefore_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v barren_a it_o must_v be_v mend_v and_o likewise_o some_o of_o the_o branch_n cut_v off_o and_o the_o rest_n score_v down_o all_o along_o to_o the_o root_n through_o the_o â—ark_n on_o each_o side_n with_o some_o cross_n cut_v and_o â—icks_n in_o the_o bark_n let_v this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o spring_n time_n and_o the_o sap_n will_v arise_v more_o plentiful_o another_o disease_n be_v the_o canker_n canker_n natural_a â—o_o some_o but_o accidental_o hapen_v to_o other_o by_o bruise_n etc._n etc._n this_o hurt_v many_o â—nd_n spoil_v some_o to_o cure_v it_o cut_v it_o out_o if_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d be_v upon_o the_o body_n or_o great_a bough_n of_o â—rees_n and_o wash_v the_o place_n with_o cowdung_n â—nd_v urine_n mix_v and_o then_o cover_v the_o place_n with_o clay_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o â—ut_v off_o the_o small_a branch_n that_o be_v dead_a out_o withal_o endeavour_v to_o stop_v the_o fountain_n and_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v a_o sharp_a and_o virulent_a sap_n by_o lay_v cole_n ash_n or_o ash_n of_o â—urnt-wood_n nettle_n ferne_n and_o such_o like_a vegetable_n to_o the_o root_n but_o if_o the_o tree_n grow_v upon_o gravel_n ground_n they_o will_v hardly_o be_v cure_v without_o alter_v the_o soil_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n some_o tree_n be_v hurt_v with_o small_a worm_n that_o breed_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n worm_n which_o cause_n the_o bark_n in_o that_o part_n to_o rise_v â—nd_n swell_v sometime_o this_o be_v perceive_v the_o worm_n must_v be_v cut_v out_o and_o the_o place_n wash_v with_o urinal_n and_o cowdung_n second_o fruit_n concern_v mischief_n incident_a to_o fruit_n by_o caterpillar_n ant_n earwig_n snail_n wasp_n bird_n and_o cold_a and_o strong_a wind_n caterpillar_n in_o the_o springtime_n caterpillar_n breed_v and_o devour_v many_o bud_n blossom_n and_o young_a fruit_n especial_o in_o a_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o dew_n and_o leaves_n as_o one_o say_v when_o the_o east-wind_n blow'_v much_o 148._o which_o cause_v that_o moist_a and_o slimy_a matter_n to_o vivifie_v they_o breed_v also_o as_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o spawn_n of_o butterfly_n now_o how_o to_o destroy_v they_o i_o know_v no_o better_a way_n then_o to_o pluck_v off_o those_o leaf_n which_o have_v the_o cobweb_n make_v upon_o they_o in_o which_o they_o breed_v and_o tread_v they_o under_o foot_n for_o one_o of_o they_o contain_v multitude_n and_o for_o those_o that_o escape_n be_v upon_o the_o tree_n some_o smoke_n they_o with_o straw_n or_o such_o like_a which_o make_v they_o fall_v off_o they_o may_v be_v destroy_v also_o by_o squirt_a water_n up_o into_o the_o tree_n among_o the_o bough_n which_o wash_v they_o off_o ants._n second_o ant_n and_o pismire_n hurt_v fruit_n multitude_n creep_v up_o into_o some_o tree_n and_o eat_v the_o fruit_n therefore_o seek_v out_o their_o hill_n where_o they_o breed_v and_o lie_v and_o pour_v in_o scald_a water_n among_o they_o till_o they_o be_v destroy_v yea_o sometime_o they_o be_v under_o or_o near_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o do_v very_o great_a hurt_n and_o almost_o kill_v some_o tree_n these_o must_v be_v dig_v out_o and_o destroy_v by_o hot_a water_n or_o some_o other_o way_n also_o anoint_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tree_n near_o the_o root_n with_o tar_n round_o about_o that_o so_o these_o little_a thief_n may_v be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o stick_v in_o it_o three_o earwig_n fruit_n grow_v ripe_a be_v sometime_o eat_v with_o ear-wig_n one_o way_n to_o destroy_v they_o be_v by_o set_a oxe-hoof_n cane_n or_o any_o hollow_a thing_n near_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o among_o the_o bough_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o stick_n and_o they_o will_v creep_v in_o and_o lie_v there_o then_o take_v off_o these_o hoof_n quick_o and_o shake_v they_o into_o a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o crush_v they_o with_o your_o foot_n upon_o the_o ground_n these_o creature_n do_v most_o mischief_n to_o wall-tree_n snail_n especial_o upon_o old_a wall_n pick_v they_o off_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o destroy_v they_o but_o if_o you_o keep_v the_o wall_n well_o point_v with_o lime_n that_o they_o have_v no_o harbour_n there_o and_o the_o root_n clean_o from_o weed_n you_o will_v not_o be_v much_o trouble_v with_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o some_o choice_a tree_n and_o fruit_n strew_v ash_n round_o about_o another_o mischief_n incident_a to_o fruit_n be_v by_o wasp_n and_o hornet_n sometime_o wasp_n some_o find_v out_o their_o nest_n and_o be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o destroy_v they_o there_o by_o scald_a water_n or_o some_o other_o way_n another_o way_n to_o destroy_v they_o be_v by_o hang_v earthen_a pot_n half_o full_a of_o water_n in_o tree_n daub_v in_o the_o innerside_n with_o honey_n &_o they_o will_v leave_v the_o fruit_n and_o fall_v to_o the_o honey_n and_o have_v suck_v of_o it_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o water_n and_o perish_v this_o way_n destroy_v multitude_n bird_n bird_n also_o spoil_v bud_n and_o fruit_n the_o bulfinch_n and_o jennet_n in_o the_o winter_n time_n and_o spring_n eat_v up_o multitude_n of_o bud_n of_o cherrytree_n aprecot-tree_n and_o plum-tree_n which_o be_v prepare_v for_o blossom_n and_o fruit_n and_o be_v ripe_a they_o peck_v and_o eat_v many_o you_o may_v destroy_v they_o by_o set_v lime-twig_n with_o bait_n in_o the_o tree_n and_o kill_v some_o with_o a_o cross-bow_n and_o hang_v they_o in_o the_o tree_n and_o clack-mill_n may_v be_v set_v in_o

to_o this_o purpose_n open_v the_o shell_n of_o a_o almond_n and_o write_v upon_o the_o kernel_n what_o you_o will_v and_o wrap_v it_o in_o paper_n and_o set_v it_o in_o clay_n mingle_v with_o swine_n dung_n a_o late_a author_n say_v steep_v the_o stone_n of_o peach_n two_o or_o three_o day_n and_o then_o open_v they_o and_o with_o a_o brass_n pen_n write_v on_o the_o rind_n of_o the_o kernel_n after_o put_v they_o again_o into_o the_o stone_n and_o wrap_v they_o about_o with_o paper_n or_o parchment_n and_o plant_v they_o and_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v write_v and_o engrave_v be_v not_o this_o a_o odd_a conceit_n that_o write_v upon_o the_o book_n kernel_n shall_v produce_v fruit_n write_v or_o engrave_v a_o man_n no_o doubt_n with_o as_o good_a success_n may_v engrave_v or_o write_v upon_o the_o shell_n or_o husk_n of_o a_o almond_n or_o other_o fruit_n as_o upon_o the_o kernel_n or_o if_o he_o will_v upon_o the_o paper_n or_o parchment_n in_o which_o it_o be_v enwrap_v for_o the_o rind_n of_o the_o kernel_n contribute_v nothing_o to_o the_o tree_n or_o fruit_n but_o open_v as_o the_o husk_n or_o shell_n to_o let_v out_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o kernel_n the_o vegetative_a virtue_n or_o internal_a form_n but_o if_o a_o man_n desire_v to_o have_v fruit_n with_o inscription_n and_o engraving_n he_o must_v take_v another_o course_n prescribe_v by_o a_o learned_a 128._o author_n upon_o better_a ground_n which_o be_v by_o write_v upon_o the_o fruit_n with_o a_o needle_n or_o bodkin_n when_o the_o fruit_n be_v young_a and_o as_o they_o grow_v big_a so_o the_o letter_n will_v grow_v more_o large_a and_o graphical_a concern_v the_o second_o sort_n of_o error_n thus_o much_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o mention_v many_o more_o as_o idle_a as_o these_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v my_o self_n nor_o the_o reader_n with_o they_o at_o present_a only_o i_o say_v in_o the_o general_n let_v man_n take_v â—eed_o of_o such_o thing_n assert_v by_o author_n â—â—_o have_v neither_o reason_n nor_o experience_n to_o uphold_v they_o lest_o they_o spend_v their_o money_n labour_n and_o time_n about_o they_o and_o instead_o of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n find_v discouragement_n and_o trouble_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o error_n be_v assign_v wrong_a cause_n to_o effect_n one_o of_o these_o error_n be_v this_o some_o have_v conceive_v plant._n that_o graft_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o early_o bear_v of_o fruit_n and_o do_v much_o better_a all_o fruit_n albert._n mag._n say_v it_o be_v better_a propter_fw-la digestionem_fw-la succi_n in_fw-la nodo_fw-la factam_fw-la because_o of_o the_o digestion_n of_o the_o sap_n in_o the_o knot_n so_o also_o cressentius_n 87._o and_o add_v et_fw-la iste_fw-la nodus_fw-la facit_fw-la diversitatem_fw-la omnem_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o malis_fw-la &_o pyris_fw-la &_o caeteris_fw-la fructibus_fw-la the_o knot_n which_o be_v between_o the_o graft_n and_o the_o stock_n make_v all_o the_o difference_n which_o be_v find_v in_o pear_n apple_n and_o other_o fruit_n bapt._n port._n likewise_o ascribe_v all_o to_o graft_v 97._o he_o say_v tree_n come_v of_o seed_n longa_n est_fw-la expectatio_fw-la ad_fw-la fructuum_fw-la productionem_fw-la insitio_fw-la vero_fw-la in_o aliquibus_fw-la eodem_fw-la anno_fw-la producit_fw-la tree_n come_v of_o seed_n be_v long_o ere_o they_o bear_v fruit_n but_o be_v graft_v some_o kind_a bear_n in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o so_o also_o columell_v lib._n de_fw-fr arbor_n pag._n 490._o lo._n bac._n want_v some_o experience_n in_o this_o point_n who_o say_v there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o graft_v for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v meliorate_a fruit_n and_o again_o graft_v do_v general_o advance_v and_o meliorate_a fruit_n above_o that_o which_o they_o will_v be_v if_o they_o be_v set_v of_o kernel_n or_o stone_n the_o cause_n say_v he_o be_v manifest_a for_o that_o the_o nourishment_n be_v better_a prepare_v in_o the_o stock_n then_o in_o the_o crude_a earth_n i_o say_v herein_o these_o author_n assign_v a_o wrong_a cause_n to_o a_o eff_a for_o simple_o graft_v contribute_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o early_a bear_n of_o fruit_n nor_o to_o its_o goodness_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o graft_n if_o they_o be_v graft_n cut_v from_o bear_v tree_n and_o of_o good_a kind_n they_o bear_v good_a fruit_n in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o but_o if_o they_o be_v graft_n from_o young_a unbearing_a tree_n come_v of_o seed_n such_o graft_n will_v not_o bear_v the_o soon_o for_o graft_v it_o be_v not_o simple_o graft_v i_o say_v nor_o the_o knot_n as_o the_o author_n speak_v of_o that_o make_v tree_n bear_v one_o year_n one_o day_n the_o soon_o for_o if_o so_o then_o graft_v from_o young_a unbearing_a tree_n come_v of_o seed_n graft_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o upon_o as_o good_a stock_n as_o other_o graft_n from_o old_a bear_v tree_n they_o will_v bear_v fruit_n the_o one_o sort_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o other_o but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o so_o that_o the_o cause_n lie_v not_o simple_o in_o graft_v but_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o graft_n neither_o do_v graft_v make_v fruit_n at_o â—ll_a the_o better_a otherwise_o then_o as_o you_o choose_v graft_n of_o a_o good_a kind_n for_o we_o know_v graft_n rule_v and_o keep_v their_o own_o nature_n only_o with_o some_o small_a advantage_n from_o the_o stock_n â—f_o special_a stock_n or_o prejudice_n if_o a_o very_a bad_a stock_n and_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o well_o assign_v by_o the_o author_n who_o say_v it_o be_v for_o that_o the_o nourishment_n be_v better_a prepare_v in_o the_o stock_n then_o in_o the_o crude_a earth_n for_o we_o know_v the_o branch_n of_o a_o ungraft_v tree_n receive_v sap_n not_o immediate_o from_o the_o crude_a earth_n but_o from_o a_o stock_n or_o body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o grafted-tree_n the_o stock_n of_o the_o grafted-tree_n be_v a_o wild_a stock_n and_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o be_v the_o stock_n or_o body_n of_o the_o ungrafted-tree_n they_o be_v both_o alike_o and_o the_o concoction_n and_o nourishment_n in_o both_o be_v alike_o and_o the_o cause_n be_v a_o like_a why_o be_v not_o the_o effect_n alike_o it_o be_v plain_a this_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v in_o the_o graft_n 115._o not_o in_o the_o stock_n though_o the_o nourishment_n be_v never_o so_o well_o concoct_v in_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o fruit_n be_v not_o make_v better_a or_o worse_o simple_o by_o graft_v the_o author_n assert_v this_o truth_n plain_o elsewhere_o the_o graft_n say_v he_o over-ruleth_a the_o stock_n and_o again_o the_o graft_n will_v govern_v that_o be_v they_o keep_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o tree_n from_o which_o they_o be_v get_v another_o of_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o error_n be_v this_o 362._o a_o late_a author_n say_v the_o cause_n why_o tree_n bear_v not_o fruit_n in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o graft_v be_v because_o they_o be_v graft_v in_o the_o old_a of_o the_o moon_n for_o say_v he_o so_o many_o day_n as_o the_o moou_n be_v old_a when_o you_o graft_v so_o many_o year_n will_v the_o graft_v be_v ere_o it_o bear_v fruit_n the_o cause_n be_v here_o mistake_v for_o the_o moon_n have_v no_o such_o influence_n upon_o fruit-tree_n as_o to_o withhold_v their_o fruit_n in_o this_o manner_n man_n we_o see_v by_o experience_n graft_v in_o all_o season_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o find_v no_o such_o difference_n in_o the_o bear_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o unfruitfulness_n of_o tree_n be_v when_o they_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v plant_v second_o when_o the_o graft_n be_v choose_v from_o young_a wild_a unbearing_a tree_n or_o such_o as_o natural_o bear_v little_a or_o seldom_o three_o repletion_n or_o overmuch_a nourishment_n four_o coldness_n or_o overmoistness_n of_o the_o ground_n five_o frost_n or_o cold_a wind_n in_o the_o spring_n three_o another_o of_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o error_n be_v this_o many_o conceive_v that_o sap_n in_o tree_n do_v descend_v from_o the_o branch_n to_o the_o root_n which_o cause_v several_a effect_n as_o fall_v of_o the_o leaf_n goodness_n of_o the_o root_n of_o divers_a plant_n for_o use_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o effect_n be_v mistake_v for_o sap_n in_o tree_n never_o descend_v but_o always_o ascend_v and_o leave_v of_o tree_n fall_v in_o autumn_n not_o because_o sap_n descend_v from_o they_o but_o because_o sap_n ascend_v not_o to_o they_o sufficient_a to_o nourish_v or_o feed_v they_o any_o long_o and_o if_o root_n be_v best_a in_o autumn_n that_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o descent_n of_o sap_n but_o for_o that_o the_o body_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o autumn_n draw_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o sap_n from_o

see_v by_o experience_n they_o will_v grow_v and_o thrive_v upon_o almost_o any_o land_n but_o a_o loose_a warm_a soil_n be_v account_v best_a if_o it_o be_v shelve_v upon_o the_o sun_n upon_o such_o a_o ground_n they_o will_v thrive_v much_o fast_o and_o the_o profit_n will_v be_v great_a than_o on_o cold_a clay_n moist_a ground_n howsoever_o plant_v any_o ground_n that_o may_v be_v plant_v the_o profit_n will_v be_v great_a and_o many_o to_o the_o present_a age_n and_o to_o posterity_n and_o now_o i_o return_v again_o into_o the_o orchard_n and_o garden_n and_o shall_v also_o speak_v somewhat_o further_o concern_v vine-yard_n which_o some_o be_v very_o confident_a may_v be_v make_v here_o in_o england_n with_o very_o good_a success_n and_o advantage_n it_o be_v record_v that_o many_o vineyard_n have_v be_v former_o in_o england_n england_n and_o that_o tithe_n have_v be_v pay_v in_o some_o part_n of_o gloucester-shire_n of_o wine_n make_v of_o the_o vineyard_n there_o see_v mr._n hartlib_n legacy_n of_o husbandry_n pag._n 23_o and_o 24._o and_o that_o a_o gentleman_n in_o the_o wild_a of_o kent_n make_v six_o or_o eight_o hogshead_n yearly_a of_o his_o own_o vine_n that_o he_o have_v one_o old_a vine_n upon_o the_o side_n and_o tile_n of_o his_o house_n that_o yield_v nigh_o a_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o year_n p._n 26._o camden_n testimony_n of_o vineyard_n in_o england_n camden_n in_o his_o britannia_n pag._n 357._o say_v that_o william_n of_o malmesbery_n write_v that_o there_o be_v no_o country_n in_o all_o england_n so_o thick_o set_v with_o vineyard_n as_o gloucester-shire_n nor_o so_o plentiful_a in_o increase_n the_o wine_n thereof_o make_v affect_v not_o their_o mouth_n that_o drink_v they_o with_o any_o unpleasant_a tartness_n as_o be_v little_a inferior_a in_o sweetness_n and_o odor_n to_o the_o french_a wine_n and_o mr._n camden_n add_v that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o many_o place_n in_o that_o country_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o england_n be_v call_v vineyard_n and_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o sloathfulness_n of_o the_o people_n rather_o than_o any_o indisposition_n of_o the_o air_n that_o this_o nation_n yield_v not_o wine_n at_o this_o day_n mr._n parkinson_n judgement_n of_o vineyard_n in_o england_n howsoever_o mr._n parkinson_n in_o his_o paradisus_fw-la terrestris_fw-la pag._n 553._o tell_v we_o he_o think_v it_o will_v be_v a_o fruitless_a labour_n to_o strive_v in_o these_o day_n to_o make_v a_o good_a vineyard_n in_o england_n for_o that_o year_n be_v not_o now_o so_o hot_a as_o former_o and_o he_o bring_v experience_n into_o witness_n the_o thing_n that_o divers_a both_o noble_n and_o gentleman_n of_o late_a time_n have_v endeavour_v to_o plant_v vineyard_n and_o bring_v over_o frenchman_n to_o do_v it_o but_o can_v never_o make_v any_o wine_n that_o be_v worth_a the_o drink_n be_v so_o small_a and_o heartless_a that_o they_o soon_o give_v over_o their_o practice_n and_o also_o one_o say_v in_o camden_n brit._n pag._n 269._o that_o we_o have_v have_v vine_n in_o britan_n since_o probus_n the_o emperor_n time_n rather_o for_o shade_n than_o fruit_n now_o man_n have_v hear_v the_o judgement_n of_o writer_n and_o what_o be_v record_v concern_v vineyard_n in_o england_n they_o may_v do_v as_o they_o see_v cause_n a_o vineyard_n must_v have_v all_o advantage_n with_o we_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o if_o some_o special_a vine_n that_o ripen_v their_o fruit_n early_a as_o some_o do_v with_o we_o be_v plant_v with_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v as_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n upon_o the_o southeast_n sun_n upon_o on_o a_o hot_a sandy_a soil_n the_o vine_n keep_v short_a and_o low_a within_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o ground_n keep_v bare_a without_o weed_n or_o grass_n it_o be_v likely_a i_o say_v thus_o plant_v and_o order_v they_o will_v afford_v good_a wine_n even_o with_o we_o in_o england_n or_o if_o vine_n some_o early_a kind_n be_v plant_v upon_o the_o south-side_n of_o house_n or_o morning_n sun_n and_o spread_v upon_o the_o tile_n no_o doubt_n the_o grape_n will_v make_v good_a wine_n but_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o vine_n upon_o level_a ground_n without_o the_o advantage_n before_o mention_v will_v not_o bring_v forth_o grape_n to_o perfection_n it_o be_v likely_a such_o will_v make_v very_o good_a vinegar_n or_o verjuice_n better_a than_o that_o of_o crab_n a_o experience_a way_n for_o good_a wine_n but_o see_v we_o have_v such_o a_o know_a experience_a way_n to_o make_v good_a wine_n in_o england_n of_o pearmains_n pippin_n moil_n redstreak_n and_o other_o fruit_n we_o need_v care_v the_o less_o for_o wine_n of_o grape_n the_o best_a that_o be_v say_v of_o the_o wine_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o england_n of_o grape_n be_v that_o be_v have_v be_v little_a inferior_a in_o sweetness_n and_o odor_n to_o the_o french_a wine_n but_o the_o commendation_n of_o wine_n make_v of_o the_o best_a apple_n be_v far_o high_a viz._n that_o it_o have_v be_v esteem_v by_o good_a palate_n not_o inferior_a to_o the_o best_a wine_n of_o grape_n â—all_n thing_n consider_v yea_o have_v be_v prefer_v before_o it_o see_v pag._n 145._o hereafter_o follow_v divers_a experiment_n and_o observation_n promiscuous_o without_o dependence_n one_o upon_o another_o dwarftrees_n it_o be_v good_a to_o plant_v some_o aprecot-tree_n peach-tree_n figtree_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o tree_n which_o we_o use_v to_o plant_v against_o a_o wall_n upon_o standard_n to_o grow_v somewhat_o low_a as_o dwarftree_n if_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o south-hill_n experience_n show_v the_o fruit_n will_v come_v to_o ripeness_n but_o be_v somewhat_o late_a and_o small_a however_o this_o save_v abundance_n of_o labour_n and_o time_n and_o some_o cost_n in_o prune_v and_o nail_v the_o branch_n to_o the_o wall_n yearly_o the_o figtree_n bear_v a_o excellent_a cordial_a fruit_n it_o do_v sensible_o refresh_v the_o spirit_n after_o eat_v but_o eat_v moderate_o lest_o they_o make_v the_o blood_n to_o abound_v overmuch_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v keep_v bare_a with_o dige_v they_o or_o pare_n often_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v the_o fair_a and_o soon_o ripe_a the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o bare_a earth_n will_v be_v almost_o as_o strong_a as_o from_o a_o wall_n especial_o if_o beat_v down_o hard_o after_o dig_v moist_a tree_n waterish_a ground_n be_v bad_a for_o fruit-tree_n they_o chill_v the_o root_n and_o cause_n moss_n upon_o the_o tree_n and_o make_v the_o fruit_n more_o cold_a and_o on_o a_o worse_a taste_n than_o the_o same_o kind_n on_o dry_a ground_n but_o if_o tree_n must_v be_v plant_v on_o such_o ground_n lay_v they_o as_o dry_a as_o may_v be_v by_o ditch_n and_o trench_n in_o several_a place_n it_o will_v advantage_v tree_n in_o bear_v old_a tree_n especial_o to_o put_v pigeon_n dung_n bear_v lees_n of_o wine_n with_o some_o ash_n brimstone_n or_o the_o like_a to_o kill_v worm_n about_o the_o root_n or_o to_o put_v some_o blood_n or_o piece_n of_o flesh_n to_o their_o root_n also_o state_n urinal_n mix_v be_v very_o good_a for_o they_o but_o yet_o beware_v of_o use_v too_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o these_o hot_a thing_n at_o one_o time_n some_o tree_n have_v be_v quite_o spoil_v with_o blood_n and_o such_o like_a in_o not_o observe_v therein_o a_o meet_a quantity_n and_o season_n wine_n and_o hot_a water_n refresh_v our_o body_n use_v moderate_o but_o otherwise_o be_v hurtful_a a_o man_n may_v be_v kill_v with_o cordial_n if_o immoderate_o take_v so_o of_o all_o other_o creature_n also_o to_o water_n tree_n in_o blossom_a and_o knit_a time_n make_v they_o hold_v their_o fruit_n better_o root_n if_o tree_n thrive_v not_o nor_o bear_v well_o one_o cause_n among_o many_o other_o and_o not_o so_o much_o observe_v may_v be_v for_o that_o some_o hurtful_a creature_n may_v breed_v and_o lie_v about_o their_o root_n as_o pismire_n toad_n eft_o and_o such_o like_a one_o dig_v about_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o thrive_v well_o find_v a_o very_a great_a multitude_n of_o eft_o a_o great_a nest_n of_o they_o lie_v at_o the_o root_n which_o undoubted_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o poorness_n of_o the_o tree_n so_o of_o other_o such_o like_a creature_n therefore_o once_o in_o 3_o or_o 4_o year_n it_o be_v good_a to_o dig_v and_o turn_v up_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o root_n especial_o of_o old_a tree_n and_o withal_o to_o put_v in_o some_o dung_n thorough_o rot_v or_o fresh_a earth_n way_n fruit-tree_n plant_v in_o the_o field_n make_v grass_n to_o spring_v early_o in_o the_o year_n by_o reason_n they_o cause_n warmth_n and_o in_o a_o hot_a summer_n they_o shade_v the_o grass_n when_o it_o be_v burn_v up_o in_o some_o

of_o the_o wood_n to_o graft_v upon_o for_o a_o orchard_n but_o those_o kind_n of_o stock_n be_v not_o by_o far_o so_o good_a as_o such_o as_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o kernel_n for_o many_o reason_n that_o may_v be_v show_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n grow_v poor_o if_o they_o grow_v at_o all_o for_o very_o many_o die_v out_o right_a whereas_o plant_n come_v of_o seed_n and_o order_v as_o be_v show_v pag._n 83._o grow_v vigorous_o and_o seldom_o fail_v as_o have_v better_o and_o more_o root_n than_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o they_o have_v a_o innate_a spirit_n from_o the_o seed_n whereof_o they_o come_v which_o make_v they_o grow_v better_o than_o slip-plant_n from_o wood_n or_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o also_o they_o be_v worse_o than_o seed-plant_n because_o they_o be_v common_o great_a one_o must_v be_v graft_v in_o the_o cleft_n which_o often_o occasion_n rot_v of_o the_o heart_n by_o wet_a get_n in_o before_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n whereas_o seed-plant_n be_v young_a may_v be_v graft_v by_o pack_v on_o as_o be_v show_v pag._n â—6_n and_o so_o be_v sound_a tree_n without_o any_o rot_v at_o all_o also_o seed_n plant_n be_v common_o more_o frim_a straight_o and_o handsome_a than_o woodstock_n and_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o they_o in_o these_o and_o other_o respect_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n nursery_n keep_v the_o nursery_n of_o young_a graft_a tree_n and_o stock_n clean_a from_o weed_n rake_v up_o all_o the_o weed_n on_o divers_a heap_n be_v pluck_v up_o and_o let_v they_o lie_v till_o they_o be_v dead_a and_o wither_a and_o then_o scatter_v they_o about_o again_o for_o as_o it_o will_v be_v much_o labour_n to_o carry_v they_o off_o the_o ground_n so_o also_o it_o will_v much_o impoverish_v it_o see_v it_o must_v be_v weed_v often_o in_o summer_n young_a tree_n that_o be_v graft_v low_a soon_o and_o yet_o be_v to_o make_v standard-tree_n these_o must_v be_v prune_v up_o all_o the_o side_n branch_n a_o yard_n or_o a_o ell_n high_a or_o as_o high_a as_o man_n please_v according_a to_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o be_v afterward_o set_v in_o but_o in_o prune_v take_v heed_n of_o cut_v off_o the_o side_n twig_n or_o branch_n too_o soon_o before_o the_o body_n be_v grow_v somewhat_o stiff_a and_o strong_a able_a to_o bear_v a_o fair_a head_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v too_o top_n heavy_a if_o the_o side_n branch_n be_v cut_v off_o too_o soon_o the_o body_n will_v be_v weak_a and_o slender_a and_o the_o head_n bushy_a and_o too_o heavy_a for_o the_o body_n and_o so_o cause_v the_o tree_n to_o grow_v crooked_a bough_n of_o 2_o tree_n 3_o 4_o or_o more_o year_n growth_n may_v be_v take_v from_o some_o tree_n with_o root_n to_o be_v plant_v in_o other_o place_n as_o dwarftree_n or_o in_o a_o fruit-hedge_n thus_o sometime_o in_o may_n or_o june_n take_v off_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o bough_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n round_o about_o cut_v it_o above_o and_o below_o and_o take_v off_o all_o the_o bark_n between_o the_o two_o cut_n then_o take_v a_o old_a hat_n or_o some_o old_a rag_n or_o cloth_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o will_v hold_v mould_n and_o tie_v it_o a_o handful_n or_o more_o below_z the_o disbark_v place_n then_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o some_o good_a earth_n or_o it_o mould_n as_o much_o above_o the_o disbark_v place_n as_o below_z and_o let_v the_o mould_n be_v as_o much_o on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o branch_n as_o the_o other_o afterward_o water_n the_o mould_n and_o keep_v it_o moist_a all_o summer_n by_o pour_v in_o some_o water_n now_o and_o then_o and_o in_o transplant_n time_n this_o bough_n may_v be_v cut_v off_o below_o the_o disbark_v place_n and_o set_v elsewhere_o in_o good_a mould_n which_o will_v bear_v in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o it_o may_v be_v in_o the_o next_o summer_n after_o if_o it_o root_n well_o now_o observe_v this_o can_v be_v do_v upon_o every_o tree_n no_o kind_n of_o stone-fruit_n neither_o aprecot_n nor_o peach_n plum_n nor_o cherry_n nor_o so_o well_o upon_o many_o kind_n of_o apple_n or_o pear_n which_o be_v of_o the_o hard_a sort_n of_o fruit_n tree_n but_o it_o may_v be_v effect_v upon_o all_o kind_n of_o quodling_n nurs-garden_n quince_n jennet_n moil_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o appletree_n that_o be_v of_o more_o soft_a and_o porous_a bark_n which_o more_o easy_o put_v forth_o or_o some_o knob_n or_o roughness_n which_o turn_v to_o root_n afterward_o and_o although_o there_o be_v fruit_n upon_o bough_n when_o they_o be_v so_o disbark_v yet_o the_o fruit_n come_v to_o good_a perfection_n and_o the_o branch_n make_v a_o convenient_a growth_n the_o same_o year_n for_o the_o sap_n pass_v up_o through_o the_o pith_n and_o pore_n of_o the_o wood_n those_o bed_n that_o be_v sow_v with_o seed_n ground_n of_o any_o kind_n apple-kernel_n pear-kernel_n plum-stone_n cherry_n stone_n etc._n etc._n must_v be_v look_v unto_o not_o only_o that_o mouse_n devour_v they_o not_o as_o have_v be_v say_v but_o also_o that_o they_o lie_v not_o above_o ground_n for_o though_o they_o be_v all_o cover_v when_o they_o be_v first_o sow_v or_o set_v yet_o we_o shall_v find_v after_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o rain_n that_o fall_v will_v have_v wash_v off_o the_o mould_n from_o some_o of_o they_o which_o will_v lie_v on_o the_o top_n bare_a therefore_o take_v a_o stick_n or_o something_o else_o and_o thrust_v those_o seed_n or_o stone_n that_o so_o lie_v bare_a above_o ground_n into_o the_o mould_n plant_n a_o inch_n or_o half_a a_o inch_n otherwise_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v lose_v in_o set_v young_a tree_n of_o any_o kind_n take_v heed_n of_o set_v the_o root_n too_o deep_a there_o be_v advantage_n in_o set_v shallow_a if_o this_o course_n be_v take_v that_o be_v after_o the_o root_n be_v well_o place_v and_o spread_v every_o way_n and_o cover_v with_o mould_n then_o lay_v round_o upon_o the_o root_n close_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n a_o barrowful_a of_o rot_a dung_n or_o any_o fat_a soil_n or_o for_o want_n thereof_o some_o litter_n straw_n hay_o weed_n or_o any_o such_o like_a stuff_n upon_o and_o round_o about_o the_o root_n if_o it_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n thick_a or_o more_o it_o be_v better_a this_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o root_n warm_a in_o winter_n and_o cool_v and_o moist_a in_o summer_n follow_v so_o also_o it_o add_v fatness_n to_o the_o soil_n where_o the_o tree_n be_v set_v and_o preserve_v they_o from_o weed_n or_o if_o any_o weed_n grow_v pluck_v they_o up_o and_o lay_v they_o upon_o and_o about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o new_a set_a plant_n more_o the_o better_o this_o course_n we_o see_v by_o experience_n be_v exceed_o conduce_v to_o the_o grow_a and_o thrive_v of_o tree_n new_o plant_v many_o die_n for_o want_v hereof_o or_o grow_v very_o poor_o outside_n in_o cut_v of_o graft_n it_o be_v good_a to_o leave_v a_o bud_n or_o two_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o cut_a place_n that_o in_o case_n any_o of_o the_o graft_n happen_v to_o be_v break_v off_o such_o bud_n or_o bud_n on_o the_o outside_n will_v spring_v out_o and_o supply_v the_o defect_n notwithstanding_o the_o graft_n be_v break_v off_o even_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n as_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v but_o some_o graft_n break_v for_o want_n of_o such_o a_o bud_n have_v be_v utter_o spoil_v see_v it_o be_v certain_a from_o experience_n that_o many_o fruit_n come_v of_o seed_n cider_n and_o be_v never_o graft_v do_v make_v excellent_a cider_n and_o as_o many_o judge_n the_o best_a cider_n the_o famous_a redstreak_n be_v such_o a_o one_o even_o but_o a_o wilding_n it_o be_v good_a therefore_o to_o sow_v some_o principal_a good_a seed_n of_o apple_n and_o to_o nurse_n up_o the_o tree_n to_o bear_v fruit_n whereof_o we_o may_v have_v several_a sort_n of_o special_a cider-fruit_n and_o if_o any_o happen_v to_o be_v too_o near_o the_o degree_n of_o crab_n then_o graft_v such_o with_o other_o good_a fruit_n by_o set_v or_o sow_v of_o acorn_n or_o mast_n seed_n ash-key_n cycamore-key_n chestnut_n seed_n of_o maple_n beech_n thorn_n and_o such_o like_a man_n may_v if_o they_o will_v be_v diligent_a herein_o by_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n exceed_o advantage_n themselves_o their_o posterity_n and_o the_o whole_a commonweal_n hereby_o there_o will_v be_v in_o certain_a year_n wood_n and_o timber_n enough_o for_o building_n of_o ship_n house_n and_o also_o for_o fuel_n and_o all_o other_o purpose_n that_o poor_a people_n as_o well_o as_o other_o may_v have_v enough_o in_o cold_a long_a winter_n and_o not_o cry_v out_o as_o be_v almost_o starve_v for_o want_n of_o fire_n hereby_o

be_v danger_n in_o some_o ground_n lest_o they_o harbour_v ant_n or_o pismire_n about_o the_o tree_n root_n under_o the_o stone_n which_o i_o have_v see_v to_o the_o hurt_n and_o destruction_n of_o divers_a young_a tree_n but_o it_o be_v a_o safe_a and_o better_a way_n to_o lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o rot_a dung_n or_o litter_n straw_n etc._n etc._n round_o about_o the_o root_n of_o new_a set_a tree_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mould_n this_o keep_v they_o warm_a in_o winter_n and_o cool_v and_o moist_a in_o summer_n and_o steady_a and_o the_o moisture_n and_o fatness_n of_o the_o mock_n soak_v down_o to_o the_o root_n and_o refresh_v the_o tree_n very_o much_o or_o for_o want_v thereof_o lay_v a_o heap_n of_o weed_n round_o about_o the_o new_a set_a tree_n root_n and_o so_o all_o the_o next_o summer_n after_o these_o thing_n be_v special_a advantage_n to_o new_a set_a tree_n 423._o a_o tree_n at_o first_o set_v shall_v not_o be_v shake_v but_o after_o a_o year_n root_n than_o shake_v be_v good_a observation_n when_o young_a tree_n be_v first_o plant_v it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o set_v a_o stake_n to_o each_o of_o they_o and_o tie_v they_o together_o with_o a_o hayband_n or_o some_o soft_a band_n that_o wind_n shake_v they_o not_o and_o this_o not_o for_o a_o year_n only_o but_o divers_a year_n until_o the_o young_a tree_n be_v well_o root_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o be_v grow_v strong_a that_o the_o wind_n bow_v not_o their_o body_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o grow_v crooked_a which_o fault_n i_o have_v see_v in_o very_a many_o tree_n cut_v away_o sucker_n 424._o and_o side_n bough_n make_v tree_n grow_v high_a all_o sucker_n must_v be_v cut_v away_o from_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n observation_n and_o as_o for_o side_n branch_n those_o may_v be_v cut_v as_o man_n be_v mind_v to_o have_v their_o tree_n to_o spread_v near_o or_o high_a from_o the_o ground_n but_o cut_v not_o the_o side_n branch_n too_o soon_o before_o the_o body_n be_v grow_v strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v the_o head_n else_o it_o will_v be_v top_n heavy_a and_o grow_v crooked_a to_o have_v many_o new_a root_n of_o fruit-tree_n 426._o lay_v the_o branch_n in_o the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o branch_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o tree_n will_v not_o take_v root_n thus_o observation_n this_o way_n of_o propagation_n be_v only_o for_o some_o kind_n as_o mulberry_n fig_n vine_n quadling_n nurs-garden_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o tree_n who_o branch_n be_v soft_a and_o porous_a as_o for_o aprecot_n peach_n and_o such_o like_a they_o will_v not_o take_v root_n thus_o i_o have_v try_v but_o not_o one_o root_n can_v be_v get_v neither_o will_v they_o take_v with_o graft_v i_o have_v try_v many_o the_o way_n to_o propagate_v these_o kind_n be_v by_o inoculate_v bud_n upon_o young_a stock_n full_a of_o sap_n 427._o from_o may_n to_o july_n you_o may_v take_v off_o thâ—_n bark_n of_o any_o bough_n etc._n etc._n and_o set_v it_o and_o it_o wilâ—_n grow_v to_o be_v a_o fair_a tree_n in_o one_o year_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v for_o that_o the_o bare_n from_o the_o bark_n keep_v the_o sap_n from_o descend_v towards_o winter_n observation_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o bough_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n will_v take_v root_n in_o this_o manner_n as_o be_v here_o express_v that_o be_v such_o kind_n as_o will_v take_v root_n with_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o ground_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o experiment_n which_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o set_v may_v grow_v to_o be_v a_o fair_a tree_n in_o certain_a year_n not_o in_o one_o year_n as_o be_v say_v for_o the_o root_n get_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v but_o small_a and_o very_o disproportionable_a to_o the_o bough_n so_o that_o it_o can_v come_v on_o but_o very_o poor_o and_o slow_o for_o divers_a year_n as_o for_o the_o bare_n from_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o keep_v sap_n from_o descend_v towards_o winter_n i_o say_v the_o sap_n be_v as_o far_o from_o descend_v when_o the_o bark_n be_v on_o as_o when_o it_o be_v off_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n as_o descension_n of_o sap_n in_o any_o tree_n whatsoever_o this_o worthy_a author_n take_v this_o upon_o trust_n according_a to_o the_o general_a opinion_n of_o man_n for_o have_v he_o but_o stay_v a_o little_a to_o consider_v it_o he_o will_v have_v find_v it_o groundless_a and_o a_o mere_a conceit_n for_o all_o the_o sap_n that_o ascend_v into_o the_o body_n and_o branch_n of_o tree_n be_v change_v into_o wood_n bark_n bud_n blossom_n leaf_n and_o fruit_n it_o be_v turn_v inâ—o_o that_o body_n and_o substance_n which_o we_o see_v â—bove_o ground_n and_o none_o at_o all_o descend_v at_o â—ny_n time_n for_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n and_o therefore_o no_o such_o effect_n sap_n be_v continual_o ascend_v all_o the_o year_n long_o more_o or_o less_o either_o for_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o summer_n or_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o in_o life_n and_o in_o all_o its_o dimension_n in_o winter_n for_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a extrastion_n of_o sap_n out_o of_o the_o body_n boughs_z and_o branch_n by_o the_o sun_n and_o aire_n as_o this_o author_n elsewhere_o assert_n and_o which_o experience_n prove_v now_o if_o there_o be_v at_o any_o time_n a_o descension_n also_o what_o then_o will_v become_v of_o the_o tree_n it_o will_v quick_o wither_v be_v contract_v and_o shrink_v apparent_o whosoever_o be_v unsatisfied_a with_o what_o be_v here_o say_v against_o descension_n of_o sap_n in_o tree_n may_v see_v hereof_o more_o large_o many_o argument_n against_o it_o in_o my_o treatise_n of_o fruit-tree_n pag._n 191_o 192_o etc._n etc._n if_o tree_n bear_v not_o 428._o bear_v a_o hole_n through_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o it_o will_v bear_v perhaps_o this_o course_n may_v do_v some_o good_a in_o let_v out_o some_o superflous_a sap_n observation_n if_o too_o much_o repletion_n be_v the_o cause_n but_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o cause_n of_o barrenness_n of_o fruit-tree_n as_o too_o deep_a set_n the_o root_n run_v down_o into_o gravel_n clay_n water_n etc._n etc._n which_o must_v have_v answerable_a remeâ—dies_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o all_o the_o culture_n in_o the_o world_n use_v to_o the_o root_n and_o body_n wilâ—_n not_o help_v without_o engraft_v the_o brancheâ—_n with_o graft_n of_o some_o good_a bear_a kind_n which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n i_o know_v to_o have_v store_n of_o good_a fruit_n and_o speedy_o too_o from_o barren_a tree_n 429._o to_o make_v tree_n bear_v cleave_v the_o chief_a root_n and_o put_v in_o a_o small_a pebble_n observation_n this_o may_v be_v profitable_a not_o only_o for_o that_o the_o root_n may_v be_v barkâ—bound_a as_o well_o as_o the_o body_n and_o branch_n which_o must_v be_v score_v down_o and_o cut_v to_o the_o wood_n but_o also_o it_o will_v cause_v the_o root_n to_o shoot_v forth_o many_o small_a root_n at_o the_o place_n open_v which_o will_v afford_v more_o vigour_n life_n and_o sap_n to_o the_o branch_n and_o so_o make_v the_o tree_n strong_a and_o more_o in_o heart_n and_o able_a to_o bring_v forth_o more_o and_o fair_a fruit_n 430._o tree_n against_o a_o southwall_n have_v more_o of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o when_o they_o grow_v round_o observation_n aprecot_n peach_n and_o such_o like_a â—old_a fruit_n will_v scarce_o ripen_v but_o against_o a_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d they_o have_v need_n both_o of_o the_o ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰_z and_o reflex_n beam_n of_o the_o sun_n ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰_z it_o be_v more_o practise_v to_o set_v some_o other_o choice_a kind_n of_o fruit_n upon_o a_o southwall_n as_o the_o great_a burgamet_n summer_n boncriten_v green-fleld_a pear_n and_o other_o special_a kind_n this_o will_v advantage_v they_o great_o not_o only_o in_o bigness_n but_o also_o in_o their_o early_a ripen_n and_o goodness_n of_o taste_n thus_o one_o or_o a_o few_o will_v be_v worth_a many_o ordinary_a one_o some_o pull_v off_o the_o leaf_n from_o wall_n tree_n 431._o that_o the_o sun_n may_v come_v the_o better_a upon_o the_o bough_n and_o fruit_n this_o may_v hasten_v ripen_v observation_n but_o it_o hinder_v the_o bigness_n of_o the_o fruit_n the_o sun_n ripen_v they_o before_o they_o have_v attain_v their_o natural_a greatness_n in_o case_n it_o prove_v then_o very_a hot_a weather_n so_o that_o if_o leaf_n be_v pull_v off_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v till_o fruit_n be_v at_o bige_v and_o then_o but_o where_o they_o overmuch_o shade_v the_o fruit_n some_o convenient_a shade_n by_o the_o leaf_n be_v as_o necessary_a for_o the_o fruit_n in_o order_n to_o bigness_n and_o goodness_n as_o the_o sun_n the_o lowness_n of_o the_o bough_n 432._o make_v the_o fruit_n great_a and_o to_o ripen_v

Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Text snippets containing the quad