of_o menuf_n or_o memphis_n where_o his_o father_n live_v as_o his_o royal_a seat_n from_o this_o king_n coptus_n all_o the_o race_n of_o the_o egyptian_n be_v now_o call_v copty_v likewise_o from_o this_o first_o king_n the_o greek_n have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n by_o change_v the_o k_o into_o g_z which_o be_v the_o custom_n not_o only_o of_o this_o language_n but_o also_o of_o the_o arabian_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n nekkade_n and_o dunkala_n write_v in_o arabian_a with_o a_o k_o and_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v pronounce_v in_o discourse_n neggade_n and_o dungala_n as_o if_o they_o be_v write_v with_o a_o g._n they_o be_v the_o name_n of_o two_o town_n the_o one_o in_o the_o upper_a egypt_n and_o the_o other_o in_o nubia_n the_o moor_n and_o copty_v natural_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n call_v it_o massr_n from_o misraim_n the_o son_n of_o cham_n and_o the_o grandchild_n of_o noah_n who_o first_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o after_o the_o deluge_n and_o from_o the_o same_o misraim_n the_o turk_n have_v name_v it_o missir_n and_o the_o jew_n eretz_n misraim_n the_o country_n of_o misraim_n egypt_n be_v situate_a in_o africa_n according_a to_o the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a opinion_n nevertheless_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v place_v it_o part_n in_o africa_n and_o part_n in_o asia_n make_v the_o river_n nilus_n as_o the_o bound_n between_o these_o two_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n egypt_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o nubia_n and_o the_o last_o city_n of_o egypt_n be_v isvan_n call_v by_o the_o european_n see_z which_o be_v command_v by_o the_o bay_n of_o girge_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o province_n of_o vah_o and_o barca_n and_o on_o the_o east_n be_v the_o desert_n that_o divide_v it_o from_o palestina_n and_o on_o the_o north_n be_v part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n it_o stretch_v itself_o in_o length_n from_o the_o city_n of_o isvan_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n at_o rosetta_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n that_o be_v from_o south_n to_o north_n about_o five_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o mile_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o declare_v it_o precise_o because_o they_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o measure_v the_o country_n by_o miles_n or_o by_o league_n but_o by_o the_o camel_n journey_n only_o i_o say_v here_o nothing_o but_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o author_n that_o have_v examine_v it_o it_o be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o divan_n or_o treasury_n into_o three_o part_n 1._o into_o say_fw-la or_o the_o upper_a egypt_n which_o begin_v at_o sint_fw-la and_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o isvan_n 2._o into_o vostani_n or_o the_o middle_a egypt_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o say_a and_o cairo_n and_o 3._o into_o bahri_n or_o inferior_a egypt_n the_o middle_n begin_v at_o gize_v a_o village_n over_o against_o boulac_n and_o reach_n as_o far_o as_o momfallon_n and_o the_o low_a commence_v at_o cairo_n and_o include_v alexandria_n and_o damietta_n the_o upper_a egypt_n or_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v habitable_a and_o useful_a be_v very_o narrow_a in_o the_o wide_a part_n a_o horse_n in_o four_o hour_n may_v pass_v over_o it_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o above_o three_o hour_n ride_v and_o the_o country_n in_o both_o side_n be_v wild_a sandy_a and_o hilly_a i_o can_v give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o its_o wideness_n in_o the_o middle_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o be_v not_o much_o large_a nor_o wide_a than_o the_o high_a part_n for_o be_v situate_v between_o both_o egypt_n begin_v to_o grow_v wide_a about_o cairo_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o middle_n be_v not_o much_o wide_a than_o the_o upper_a part_n unless_o it_o be_v about_o the_o cascieflik_a of_o fiúm_n where_o egypt_n in_o the_o middle_n begin_v to_o be_v wide_a but_o yet_o i_o can_v give_v any_o exact_a account_n of_o it_o the_o inferior_a part_n be_v wide_a the_o inhabitant_n reckon_v about_o 70_o mile_n from_o damietta_n to_o alexandria_n the_o most_o western-town_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n a_o learned_a person_n of_o this_o age_n in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n that_o the_o low_a egypt_n have_v always_o be_v and_o be_v not_o a_o new_a gift_n of_o nilus_n he_o ground_n his_o opinion_n first_o upon_o homerus_n who_o mention_n the_o old_a city_n of_o canopus_n which_o be_v at_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a entrance_n into_o nilus_n from_o the_o sea_n second_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o moses_n and_o david_n ps_n 77._o who_o have_v mention_v the_o city_n of_o tanis_n where_o be_v pharaoh_n court_n and_o where_o god_n perform_v great_a wonder_n egypt_n be_v always_o govern_v by_o king_n but_o the_o royal_a seat_n have_v not_o always_o continue_v the_o same_o for_o the_o conqueror_n have_v alter_v they_o according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n the_o first_o royal_a city_n as_o macrisi_n say_v be_v amsus_n but_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n have_v ruin_v it_o the_o posterity_n of_o noah_n build_v menuf_n or_o memphis_n which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o coptus_n till_o nabuchodonozor_n have_v sack_v it_o when_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v build_v alexandria_n he_o make_v it_o the_o principal_a city_n where_o all_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o the_o greek_n make_v their_o residence_n for_o nine_o hundred_o year_n till_o the_o arabian_n have_v take_v egypt_n and_o make_v fostat_fw-ge metropolis_n but_o when_o giauher_o the_o general_n of_o meez_fw-fr le_fw-fr din-alla_a have_v build_v cairo_n about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o hegeira_n 362._o he_o call_v it_o there_fw-mi il_fw-fr memleke_n that_o be_v the_o royal_a seat_n which_o it_o have_v be_v ever_o since_o egypt_n have_v be_v govern_v by_o three_o several_a sort_n of_o mahometan_a prince_n since_o the_o arabian_n take_v it_o from_o the_o greek_n the_o first_o be_v name_v omara_n massr_n or_o lord_n of_o egypt_n without_o any_o other_o title_n they_o be_v all_o arabian_n and_o successor_n of_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr ass_n who_o be_v the_o first_o conqueror_n and_o after_o to_o abu_n il_fw-fr fevares_n the_o last_o of_o that_o race_n we_o reckon_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o prince_n of_o egypt_n during_o the_o space_n of_o 337_o year_n seven_o month_n and_o twenty_o day_n their_o conquest_n happen_v about_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o hegeira_n and_o end_v in_o the_o year_n 358._o they_o all_o dwell_v at_o fostat_n masser_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o second_o race_n of_o the_o arabian_n be_v call_v caliphs_n they_o begin_v to_o take_v that_o title_n when_o general_n abuhassein_fw-fr giauher_n have_v build_v cairo_n by_o the_o order_n of_o meez_fw-fr le_fw-fr din-alba_a who_o be_v then_o prince_n of_o barbary_n and_o conquer_a egypt_n and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o arabian_n egypt_n be_v afterward_o govern_v by_o its_o caliphs_n about_o 108_o year_n 4_o month_n and_o 22_o day_n that_o be_v to_o the_o death_n of_o adet_n le_fw-fr din-alla_a who_o be_v the_o last_o and_o eleven_o caliph_n the_o three_o sort_n name_v sultan_n or_o sultan_n succeed_v immediate_o after_o of_o they_o there_o have_v be_v of_o four_o nation_n the_o first_o who_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o a_o certain_a eijub_n be_v call_v sultan_n curd_n the_o second_o come_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n &_o be_v name_v mamaluk_n turk_n because_o they_o have_v be_v before_o slave_n and_o sell_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o constantinople_n to_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n who_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v up_o and_o instruct_v in_o all_o martial_a discipline_n when_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a one_o of_o these_o slave_n be_v choose_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v style_v mamaluk_n circassian_n because_o they_o come_v original_o from_o circassia_n and_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o merchant_n as_o the_o former_a and_o sell_v also_o as_o slave_n to_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n who_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v also_o train_v up_o as_o the_o former_a unto_o who_o they_o succeed_v in_o the_o regal_a dignity_n and_o command_n the_o four_o sort_n who_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n be_v the_o sultan_n of_o the_o race_n of_o ottoman_a who_o overcome_v the_o circassian_n sultan_n in_o the_o year_n 922._o of_o the_o hegeira_n for_o sultan_n selim_n conquer_a this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o year_n 1517._o egypt_n be_v inhabit_v at_o present_a by_o copty_v moor_n arabian_n turk_n greek_n jew_n and_o frank_n and_o other_o strange_a nation_n but_o as_o they_o be_v not_o numerous_a they_o deserve_v not_o to_o be_v mention_v the_o copty_v or_o copt_v be_v the_o natural_a
copty_v altogether_o ignorant_a ascribe_v this_o ordinary_a decrease_n to_o a_o miracle_n they_o observe_v the_o festival_n of_o the_o exaltation_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n at_o which_o time_n they_o bless_v a_o cross_n at_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o mass_n which_o they_o cast_v into_o nilus_n and_o imagine_v that_o this_o cross_n stop_v the_o increase_n of_o the_o river_n their_o patriarch_n be_v wont_a to_o perform_v this_o ceremony_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o state_n but_o because_o the_o mahometans_n suffer_v they_o not_o to_o go_v in_o procession_n about_o the_o city_n public_o their_o priest_n observe_v this_o custom_n every_o one_o in_o his_o own_o village_n the_o water_n of_o this_o river_n have_v several_a operation_n 1._o they_o cause_v a_o looseness_n to_o the_o newcomer_n if_o they_o drink_v of_o they_o at_o their_o first_o arrival_n which_o continue_v about_o eight_o day_n 2._o they_o cause_v a_o itch_n in_o the_o skin_n which_o trouble_v such_o as_o drink_v of_o they_o when_o the_o river_n increase_v this_o itch_n be_v very_o small_a and_o appear_v first_o about_o the_o arm_n next_o upon_o the_o stomach_n and_o spread_v all_o about_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v a_o grievous_a pain_n this_o itch_n come_v not_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o drink_v of_o the_o river_n but_o such_o as_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o cistern_n fill_v with_o the_o river_n water_n it_o last_v about_o six_o week_n 3._o about_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n august_n and_o september_n it_o turn_v into_o a_o sweat_n but_o be_v not_o so_o in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n 4._o when_o this_o water_n cover_v the_o earth_n it_o fat_v the_o land_n with_o the_o slime_n that_o it_o leave_v behind_o mounseur_fw-fr th._n be_v mistake_v in_o his_o travel_n into_o the_o levant_n when_o he_o say_v that_o this_o slime_n make_v the_o ground_n so_o fat_a that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o mingle_v sand_n with_o it_o the_o ground_n will_v rot_v and_o choke_v what_o be_v put_v into_o it_o and_o that_o in_o egypt_n they_o take_v as_o much_o pain_n to_o carry_v sand_n into_o the_o ground_n as_o we_o do_v to_o carry_v dung_n this_o be_v not_o general_o so_o for_o they_o never_o use_v sand_n but_o for_o melon_n cucumber_n and_o such_o like_a fruit_n which_o grow_v only_o in_o sandy_a ground_n they_o never_o use_v sand_n for_o other_o fruit_n and_o grain_n when_o the_o river_n run_v over_o it_o make_v a_o great_a destruction_n it_o carry_v away_o not_o only_o great_a piece_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o destroy_v sometime_o town_n and_o village_n near_o to_o it_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o old_a wall_n see_v all_o along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n sometime_o it_o alter_v its_o channel_n i_o have_v read_v in_o the_o mekkin_n a_o arabian_a historian_n that_o about_o the_o time_n that_o the_o arabian_n conquer_v egypt_n the_o water_n be_v so_o high_a as_o to_o touch_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o cassr_n isscémma_n a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a cairo_n and_o that_o it_o run_v near_o the_o church_n of_o mary_n moncure_n which_o be_v in_o that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n in_o the_o street_n call_v in_o that_o time_n háret_fw-mi il_fw-fr bahr_fw-ge the_o street_n of_o the_o river_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v above_o a_o mile_n off_o from_o this_o place_n one_o day_n as_o i_o be_v walk_v out_o of_o the_o old_a cairo_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o church_n of_o s._n michael_n the_o copty_v show_v i_o a_o garden_n near_o adjoin_v which_o be_v about_o 10_o year_n ago_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n but_o at_o present_v it_o be_v above_o a_o musket_n shoot_v off_o because_o the_o river_n have_v take_v as_o much_o ground_n on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o it_o have_v lest_o on_o this_o now_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n be_v able_a to_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n and_o cause_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o perish_v with_o hunger_n as_o some_o imagine_v i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n though_o the_o father_n tell_v suppose_v and_o allege_v many_o difficulty_n in_o his_o history_n of_o ethiopia_n these_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o oblige_v i_o to_o believe_v it_o possible_a 1._o a_o letter_n of_o david_n king_n of_o ethiopia_n surname_v constantine_n write_v to_o abu_n seid_v barcúk_v king_n of_o egypt_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o martyr_n 1193._o i_o have_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o write_v in_o arabic_a in_o which_o he_o threaten_v he_o in_o two_o distinct_a place_n of_o his_o letter_n to_o turn_v aside_o the_o river_n nilus_n and_o hinder_v it_o from_o enter_v into_o egypt_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o perish_v with_o hunger_n if_o he_o continue_v to_o vex_v the_o copty_v who_o he_o name_v his_o brethren_n he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o god_n this_o privilege_n which_o he_o have_v not_o discover_v to_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n 2._o because_o the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n have_v hinder_v the_o current_n of_o nilus_n and_o turn_v it_o out_o of_o egypt_n in_o the_o day_n of_o mostansir_n one_o of_o the_o califfe_n of_o egypt_n which_o oblige_v he_o to_o send_v the_o patriarch_n of_o the_o copty_v with_o rich_a present_n to_o the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o take_v away_o the_o bank_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v to_o turn_v aside_o the_o river_n the_o king_n of_o ethiopia_n have_v grant_v he_o this_o request_n for_o the_o patriarch_n sake_n the_o river_n increase_v in_o one_o night_n three_o cubit_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o field_n with_o that_o water_n that_o be_v there_o before_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o musulman_n of_o george_n le_fw-fr mekkin_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o stranger_n may_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o sail_v upon_o the_o river_n be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o island_n whereof_o some_o be_v very_o great_a 20_o mile_n in_o compass_n they_o proceed_v first_o from_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o vessel_n that_o have_v stick_v in_o the_o mud_n this_o happen_v frequent_o through_o the_o unskilfulness_n of_o the_o mariner_n and_o the_o mud_n of_o the_o river_n the_o slowness_n of_o the_o current_n the_o dirt_n and_o mire_n gather_v immediate_o about_o any_o thing_n that_o stop_v there_o by_o this_o mean_v these_o place_n increase_v into_o island_n almost_o every_o day_n new_a island_n be_v discoverable_a and_o because_o the_o state_n of_o egypt_n never_o change_v since_o the_o conquest_n of_o sultan_n selim_n and_o that_o these_o island_n have_v be_v make_v since_o they_o be_v not_o record_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o divan_n of_o that_o time_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o pay_v nothing_o to_o the_o grand_a signior_n but_o belong_v to_o the_o pacha_n who_o let_v they_o out_o to_o the_o cascief_n of_o the_o province_n where_o these_o island_n be_v situate_v or_o to_o who_o he_o please_v several_a pillar_n have_v be_v erect_v in_o divers_a time_n to_o measure_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n the_o first_o be_v at_o menuf_n or_o memphis_n build_v by_o joseph_n jacobson_n when_o this_o fell_a to_o ruin_v a_o rich_a lady_n of_o the_o copty_v name_v deluca_n erect_v two_o other_o one_o at_o insine_n or_o thebes_n and_o the_o other_o at_o achmin_n when_o this_o last_o decay_v the_o greek_n build_v one_o at_o cassr_n isscemma_n whereof_o the_o ruin_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v as_o some_o say_v ater_n that_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr ass_n have_v conquer_v egypt_n he_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v build_v at_o insine_n for_o the_o same_o purpose_n this_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o day_n of_o abdella_n il_fw-fr aziz_fw-fr ibn_fw-fr mervan_fw-mi a_o califf_n of_o egypt_n who_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v build_v at_o helvan_a a_o place_n where_o he_o delight_v to_o dwell_v the_o last_o of_o these_o pillar_n stand_v in_o the_o roude_a a_o island_n where_o it_o remain_v to_o this_o very_a day_n it_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o command_n of_o azamed_a ibn_n zid_v il_fw-fr nettuchi_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o macrizi_n in_o the_o serrur_n and_o other_o arabian_a history_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o mikias_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o river_n increase_v the_o name_n of_o mikias_n in_o its_o right_a signification_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o place_n where_o something_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v but_o when_o at_o cairo_n mikias_n be_v name_v they_o understand_v only_o the_o pillar_n which_o be_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o roude_a a_o island_n which_o serve_v to_o observe_v the_o increase_n of_o nilus_n this_o island_n be_v name_v roude_a or_o garden_n because_o it_o be_v a_o delightful_a place_n and_o full_a of_o many_o pleasant_a garden_n it_o stand_v over_o against_o grand_a carro_n
damietta_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o bogas_n or_o channel_n of_o boulac_n the_o clear_a wether_n give_v i_o the_o liberty_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n i_o find_v that_o the_o branch_n that_o go_v to_o rosetta_n stretch_v itself_o to_o the_o north-east_n and_o that_o of_o diametta_n to_o the_o north._n in_o respect_n of_o this_o last_o cairo_n stand_v to_o the_o southeast_n and_o its_o castle_n to_o the_o south_n at_o this_o bogas_n the_o two_o great_a pyramid_n of_o egypt_n be_v first_o discover_v they_o appear_v here_o to_o be_v equal_a though_o one_o be_v far_o high_a than_o the_o other_o from_o this_o separation_n or_o division_n of_o nilus_n as_o far_o as_o boulac_n there_o be_v but_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_n travel_v though_o mounseur_fw-fr thevenot_n tell_v we_o of_o six_o league_n we_o land_v at_o boulac_n the_o wednesday_n before_o easter_n at_o night_n i_o stay_v there_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n and_o 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macrizi_n the_o city_n of_o cairo_n borrow_v the_o name_n from_o the_o planet_n mars_n call_v by_o the_o arabian_n kaher_n which_o name_n be_v give_v to_o it_o as_o say_v the_o serrúr_n a_o arabian_a historian_n because_o the_o foundation_n of_o its_o wall_n be_v lay_v when_o this_o planet_n be_v in_o its_o ascent_n which_o happen_v unhappy_o in_o this_o manner_n giauher_o the_o general_n of_o meez_fw-fr le_fw-fr dÃn_fw-fr allá_fw-fr one_o of_o the_o cailiff_n of_o egypt_n have_v resolve_v to_o build_v a_o new_a city_n for_o the_o abode_n of_o his_o lord_n in_o the_o year_n 362_o of_o the_o hegira_n he_o give_v order_n to_o the_o astronomer_n to_o observe_v the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o good_a star_n when_o the_o foundation_n may_v be_v lay_v that_o the_o city_n may_v be_v the_o more_o happy_a and_o of_o a_o long_a continuance_n the_o astronomer_n according_o encompass_v about_o with_o rope_n all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v to_o be_v shut_v into_o the_o wall_n tie_v to_o the_o rope_n a_o great_a many_o little_a bell_n to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o builder_n when_o they_o be_v to_o cast_v the_o foundation_n the_o signal_n be_v the_o sound_v of_o the_o bell_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v when_o they_o see_v the_o rise_n of_o a_o good_a star_n by_o chance_v it_o happen_v that_o a_o crow_n pitch_v upon_o the_o rope_n that_o be_v stretch_v along_o when_o mars_n be_v in_o its_o rise_n and_o with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o rope_n cause_v the_o bell_n to_o sound_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o mason_n hear_v the_o signal_n give_v they_o cast_v all_o with_o one_o consent_n the_o foundation_n which_o when_o the_o astronomer_n have_v understand_v they_o declare_v by_o unlucky_a rise_n of_o mars_n that_o govern_v at_o that_o instant_a that_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v one_o day_n take_v by_o a_o conqueror_n that_o shall_v come_v out_o of_o romania_n where_o mars_n govern_v which_o have_v prove_v true_a about_o five_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o year_n after_o when_o sultan_n selim_n come_v from_o constantinople_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o romania_n and_o take_v not_o only_o the_o city_n but_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o destroy_v the_o race_n of_o their_o king_n by_o hang_v the_o last_o though_o they_o conceive_v that_o this_o star_n will_v prove_v unlucky_a they_o call_v the_o city_n nevertheless_o kahera_n or_o cairo_n as_o we_o name_v it_o in_o europe_n which_o name_n continue_v till_o this_o day_n this_o city_n be_v become_v very_o rich_a powerful_a and_o great_a by_o its_o trade_n insomuch_o that_o of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o levant_n this_o alone_a have_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o great_a it_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o champain_n very_o delightful_a at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n of_o sand_n name_v in_o arab._n gebel_n il_fw-fr mokattam_fw-la or_o the_o mountain_n cut_v through_o which_o stand_v on_o the_o east-side_n and_o incommode_n the_o city_n because_o it_o deprive_v it_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o fresh_a wind_n that_o blow_v from_o thence_o this_o city_n have_v another_o inconveniency_n it_o be_v far_o from_o the_o river_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n more_o delightful_a than_o to_o take_v a_o prospect_n of_o it_o from_o some_o eminent_a place_n for_o you_o may_v from_o thence_o view_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o house_n which_o instead_o of_o cover_n have_v turret_n and_o see_v a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o mosque_n with_o their_o various_a colour_n of_o differ_v building_n intermingle_v and_o surround_v with_o palm-tree_n and_o garden_n all_o which_o together_o represent_v a_o most_o beautiful_a prospect_n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n the_o name_n be_v 1._o bab_n zucile_fw-la 2._o bab_n innassr_n 3._o bab_n il_fw-fr fetúb_n 4._o bab_n il_fw-fr kántara_n 5._o bab_n isscia_fw-la a_o rÃe_n 6._o bab_n issaade_v 7._o bab_n il_fw-fr mahrúk_n there_o be_v eight_o lake_n very_o large_a that_o belong_v to_o it_o 1._o birket_n ittemálgie_n 2._o birket_n inassrÃe_n 3._o birket_n ibn_fw-fr il_fw-fr ademe_n 4._o birket_n il_fw-mi fill_v 5._o birket_n il_fw-fr kar-a_a 6._o birket_n il_fw-fr ferrain_n 7._o birket_n il_fw-fr ezbekie_n and_o 8._o birket_n il_fw-it kassarin_fw-mi there_o be_v a_o channel_n cut_v through_o this_o city_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north-east_n call_v the_o calitz_n of_o cairo_n it_o be_v very_o ancient_a ibn_n abd_v ill_a hokm_n a_o arabian_a historian_n say_v that_o tarsis_n ibn_n malia_n one_o of_o the_o pharaoh_n and_o as_o he_o believe_v the_o king_n that_o take_v the_o wife_n of_o abraham_n when_o he_o be_v in_o egypt_n cause_v it_o first_o to_o be_v cut_v since_o the_o arabian_n conquer_v egypt_n and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o emperor_n heraclius_n they_o have_v name_v it_o calitz_n emir_n il_fw-fr muminin_n or_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o faithful_a because_o of_o amru_n ibn_v chottab_v the_o second_o califf_n after_o mahomet_n who_o be_v the_o first_o surname_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o faithful_a because_o he_o command_v amru_n ibn_v ass_n to_o lead_v he_o as_o far_o as_o colzim_n a_o town_n situate_a near_o the_o red-sea_n that_o he_o may_v convey_v the_o provision_n of_o cairo_n as_o far_o as_o this_o city_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o the_o red-sea_n to_o mecha_n where_o there_o be_v at_o that_o time_n a_o great_a want_n of_o food_n it_o continue_v in_o this_o manner_n till_o the_o year_n 150_o of_o the_o hegira_n when_o ciafer_n il_fw-fr mansur_n a_o califf_n of_o egypt_n of_o the_o race_n of_o abbas_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v stop_v on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o sea_n now_o it_o be_v call_v calitz_n il_fw-fr hakemi_fw-fr or_o the_o calitz_n of_o hakem_n because_o hakem-be_a amr_n ille_fw-la another_o califf_n of_o egypt_n cause_v this_o channel_n which_o be_v decay_v through_o the_o negligence_n of_o his_o predecessor_n to_o be_v repair_v it_o be_v call_v also_o merachemi_a or_o the_o calitz_n pave_v with_o marble_n as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o some_o passage_n of_o the_o serrúr_n a_o arabian_a history_n which_o i_o have_v bring_v with_o i_o from_o egypt_n in_o my_o relation_n of_o egypt_n print_v in_o italian_a at_o paris_n 1671._o i_o say_v that_o the_o turk_n copty_v and_o jew_n open_a in_o their_o turn_n this_o channel_n every_o year_n but_o i_o understand_v since_o that_o this_o office_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o soubaschi_n of_o cairo_n who_o strike_v the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o blow_n upon_o the_o bank_n that_o hinder_v the_o river_n from_o enter_v into_o the_o channel_n afterward_o all_o that_o will_v work_n have_v liberty_n grant_v the_o copy_n have_v but_o two_o church_n at_o cairo_n one_o in_o the_o street_n name_v haret_n zuele_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o greek_n street_n the_o first_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o be_v build_v by_o
and_o the_o old_a testament_n write_v in_o the_o ethiopian_a language_n he_o and_o another_o of_o the_o same_o nation_n name_v peter_n of_o constantinople_n go_v with_o this_o pacha_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o get_v into_o their_o own_o country_n i_o hear_v some_o time_n after_o that_o this_o pietro_n be_v become_v a_o mahometan_a at_o sue_v to_o escape_v the_o fire_n unto_o which_o he_o be_v condemn_v for_o strike_v a_o moor._n a_o voyage_n to_o rosetta_n on_o monday_n the_o last_o of_o may_n i_o go_v out_o of_o cairo_n design_v for_o rosetta_n with_o the_o same_o leonard_n who_o have_v be_v with_o i_o at_o gemiane_n and_o a_o nubian_n slave_n that_o i_o have_v i_o go_v thither_o on_o purpose_n to_o spend_v there_o the_o time_n of_o the_o violent_a heat_n which_o be_v not_o so_o fierce_a in_o that_o city_n as_o at_o cairo_n as_o also_o to_o see_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n at_o that_o city_n and_o to_o satisfy_v a_o doubt_n that_o i_o have_v about_o the_o water_n of_o maadÃe_n for_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o gulf_n or_o a_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n with_o a_o intention_n from_o thence_o to_o go_v to_o alexandria_n to_o see_v its_o curiosity_n we_o be_v four_o day_n go_v from_o cairo_n to_o rosetta_n a_o extraordinary_a long_a time_n because_o the_o wind_n maltam_n or_o maestraux_n that_o blow_n against_o those_o that_o go_v down_o the_o river_n oppose_v our_o voyage_n the_o most_o remarkable_a town_n in_o this_o way_n be_v fuva_n sindiun_n teirut_n motubis_n and_o tféni_n by_o the_o river_n side_n fuva_fw-fr call_v by_o the_o greek_n metelis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o copty_v dictionary_n messil_n be_v a_o very_a ancient_a great_a and_o considerable_a town_n situate_v upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o nilus_n seven_o hour_n travel_v from_o resetta_n it_o be_v territory_n be_v very_o delightful_a because_o of_o the_o pleasant_a field_n and_o garden_n round_o about_o it_o bear_v fruit_n that_o be_v much_o esteem_v in_o all_o egypt_n geziret_fw-la iddahab_n or_o the_o island_n of_o gold_n be_v over_o against_o this_o city_n heretofore_o the_o river_n be_v so_o deep_a from_o the_o mouth_n as_o far_o as_o this_o town_n that_o great_a bark_n load_v be_v able_a to_o sail_v hither_o at_o that_o time_n the_o custom-house_n be_v keep_v here_o but_o in_o time_n the_o river_n become_v here_o so_o shallow_a that_o the_o bark_n be_v not_o able_a to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o custom-house_n have_v be_v since_o establish_v at_o rosetta_n where_o it_o continue_v yet_o sindiun_n and_o teirut_n be_v two_o other_o town_n situate_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o nilus_n over_o against_o one_o another_o as_o be_v also_o motúbis_n and_o tféni_n the_o first_o stand_v on_o the_o east-side_n the_o other_o on_o the_o westside_n at_o rosetta_n i_o lodge_v with_o mounseur_fw-fr reynaud_n vice-consul_n of_o the_o french_a in_o this_o city_n he_o be_v a_o very_a honest_a man_n he_o employ_v all_o his_o credit_n to_o procure_v i_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o curiosity_n round_o about_o for_o the_o information_n of_o all_o european_a traveller_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o of_o late_a there_o be_v a_o carrier_n set_v up_o at_o rosetta_n who_o go_v by_o land_n to_o damietta_n when_o any_o desire_n to_o travel_v that_o way_n which_o conveniency_n be_v not_o former_o for_o when_o any_o intend_v that_o journey_n he_o be_v to_o run_v many_o hazard_n and_o inconvenience_n i_o have_v first_o design_v to_o go_v thither_o but_o instead_o of_o that_o journey_n i_o go_v to_o visit_v the_o monastery_n of_o the_o desert_n of_o s._n macarius_n where_o i_o expect_v more_o satisfaction_n i_o have_v long_o doubt_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o maadÃe_n or_o the_o pool_n that_o be_v halfway_n between_o rosetta_n and_o alexandria_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o nilus_n or_o else_o a_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o another_o relation_n of_o egypt_n which_o i_o print_v in_o italian_a at_o paris_n in_o the_o year_n 1671._o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o nilus_n but_o since_o i_o have_v understand_v the_o truth_n that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o gulf_n or_o pool_n for_o 1._o its_o water_n be_v very_a salt_n as_o far_o as_o etku_n its_o uttermost_a bound_n which_o town_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o same_o with_o motubis_n 2._o this_o water_n come_v not_o from_o nilus_n neither_o have_v any_o correspondency_n with_o this_o river_n true_a it_o be_v when_o nilus_n overflow_v it_o become_v sweet_a because_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o river's-water_n with_o the_o water_n of_o this_o gulf_n it_o retain_v this_o sweetness_n about_o two_o month_n until_o nilus_n leave_v the_o field_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o tramontane_n or_o westerly_a wind_n blow_v the_o water_n of_o this_o pool_n return_v to_o their_o wont_a saltness_n and_o acrimony_n the_o 10_o of_o june_n i_o go_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n about_o a_o hour_n sail_v from_o rosetta_n to_o take_v the_o description_n of_o it_o i_o take_v notice_n that_o nilus_n have_v there_o two_o branch_n or_o mouth_n though_o they_o be_v reckon_v but_o one_o that_o which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o be_v call_v the_o easterly_a mouth_n and_o that_o which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o be_v name_v the_o westerly_a mouth_n they_o take_v the_o first_o to_o sail_v to_o brullos_n to_o damietta_n to_o seyda_o and_o constantinople_n &c_n &c_n and_o by_o this_o last_o they_o go_v to_o alexandria_n and_o other_o western_a part_n this_o separation_n proceed_v from_o a_o low_a island_n very_o small_a which_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n next_o to_o the_o sea_n the_o mouth_n of_o nilus_n next_o to_o this_o city_n be_v guard_v with_o two_o castle_n one_o stand_v at_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o west_n that_o which_o be_v about_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o rosetta_n be_v square_a encompass_v about_o with_o strong_a wall_n build_v according_a to_o the_o old_a model_n have_v four_o tower_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v a_o high_a dungeon_n to_o retreat_n at_o last_o one_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o four_o janissary_n be_v there_o in_o garrison_n they_o lie_v every_o night_n in_o the_o garrison_n but_o in_o the_o daytime_n they_o have_v liberty_n to_o go_v into_o the_o city_n to_o work_v for_o their_o live_n it_o be_v furnish_v with_o threescore_o and_o fourteen_o piece_n of_o cannon_n seven_o be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n the_o aga_n that_o command_v here_o in_o chief_a be_v a_o spanish_a renegado_n the_o other_o castle_n be_v but_o a_o mosque_n before_o it_o stand_v seven_o piece_n of_o artillery_n on_o the_o ground_n here_o command_v also_o a_o aga_n over_o a_o company_n of_o moor_n who_o examine_v all_o that_o go_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o city_n when_o i_o attempt_v to_o go_v out_o they_o come_v to_o my_o boat_n and_o oblige_v i_o to_o return_v into_o the_o city_n again_o though_o the_o janissary_n that_o be_v with_o i_o and_o well_o acquaint_v with_o they_o offer_v to_o answer_v for_o i_o they_o treat_v i_o in_o this_o manner_n for_o fear_v of_o a_o pirate_n of_o malta_n that_o sail_v before_o the_o haven_n at_o that_o time_n they_o be_v afraid_a that_o i_o have_v some_o intelligence_n with_o he_o to_o give_v he_o notice_n of_o some_o ship_n that_o be_v ready_a to_o set_v sail_n load_v from_o rosetta_n nevertheless_o i_o have_v another_o opportunity_n to_o take_v the_o description_n of_o this_o mouth_n also_o it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o closet_n of_o that_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v the_o other_o a_o journey_n by_o land_n from_o rosetta_n to_o alexandria_n the_o 14_o of_o june_n i_o go_v in_o the_o evening_n from_o rosetta_n towards_o alexandria_n with_o a_o moor_n recommend_v to_o i_o by_o the_o french_a vice-consul_n of_o this_o city_n we_o have_v two_o mule_n to_o carry_v we_o for_o which_o i_o pay_v seventeen_o meidin_n for_o the_o whole_a journey_n about_o midnight_n we_o come_v to_o the_o water_n name_v by_o the_o moor_n maadÃe_n after_o a_o little_a stay_n in_o the_o have_fw-mi or_o public_a inn_n we_o proceed_v on_o in_o our_o journey_n in_o a_o moon-shining_a night_n towards_o alexandria_n where_o we_o arrive_v the_o next_o day_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o a_o clock_n from_o rosetta_n to_o alexandria_n there_o be_v ten_o hour_n travel_v for_o a_o horseman_n the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o way_n be_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n so_o that_o the_o beast_n have_v a_o long_a way_n their_o foot_n in_o water_n the_o country_n be_v so_o even_o that_o there_o be_v no_o trouble_n for_o traveller_n and_o unless_o it_o be_v the_o have_fw-mi in_o the_o midway_n there_o be_v neither_o village_n nor_o tree_n nor_o grass_n to_o be_v
sometime_o i_o understand_v from_o he_o what_o the_o lake_n of_o salt-peter_n or_o niter_n yield_v to_o the_o grand_a signior_n every_o year_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o this_o year_n within_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o month_n they_o have_v draw_v four_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o quintal_n and_o that_o they_o must_v take_v up_o twelve_o thousand_o more_o to_o make_v up_o the_o ordinary_a sum_n that_o be_v draw_v so_o that_o every_o quintal_n be_v sell_v for_o 25_o meidins_n this_o revenue_n come_v to_o 36_o purse_n or_o 18000_o crown_n french_a money_n by_o the_o year_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n they_o carry_v it_o upon_o camel_n to_o tarane_n where_o it_o be_v weigh_v and_o from_o thence_o send_v to_o cairo_n or_o alexandria_n to_o be_v sell_v for_o this_o cause_n a_o cascief_n dwell_v here_o who_o though_o he_o be_v but_o little_a in_o authority_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o cascief_n of_o beheire_n he_o be_v force_v to_o buy_v this_o employment_n and_o pay_v for_o it_o four_o and_o twenty_o purse_n one_o half_a to_o the_o cascief_n of_o beheire_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o pacha_n he_o keep_v also_o twenty_o spahin_n to_o wait_v upon_o he_o and_o guard_v his_o country_n he_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o these_o monastery_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v on_o in_o my_o journal_n i_o will_v give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o some_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o desert_n as_o i_o have_v hear_v they_o from_o one_o that_o have_v be_v a_o abbot_n in_o one_o of_o the_o monastery_n first_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v between_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n macarius_n and_o of_o amba_fw-la biscioi_fw-fr and_o a_o little_a further_o in_o the_o wilderness_n a_o long_a rank_n of_o little_a heap_n of_o earth_n a_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o place_v as_o in_o a_o way_n which_o as_o the_o monk_n say_v be_v put_v there_o by_o the_o angel_n that_o the_o hermit_n may_v be_v able_a to_o find_v the_o way_n to_o the_o church_n when_o they_o be_v desirous_a to_o hear_v divine_a service_n on_o sunday_n for_o before_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o way_n therefore_o this_o way_n be_v call_v now_o tarik_n il_fw-fr meláike_a or_o the_o way_n of_o angel_n second_o i_o have_v understand_v from_o a_o old_a manuscript_n in_o arab._n that_o in_o the_o wilderness_n be_v heretofore_o seven_o great_a monastery_n namely_o 1._o of_o s._n macarius_n 2._o of_o s._n john_n the_o little_a surname_v igumène_n 3._o of_o amba_fw-la biscÃoi_fw-la 4._o of_o s._n massine_n and_o timothy_n 5._o that_o of_o amba_fw-la moses_n surname_v black_a 6._o that_o of_o amba_fw-la kéma_fw-la 7._o that_o of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n of_o syria_n and_o that_o beside_o these_o seven_o monastery_n there_o be_v three_o hundred_o dwelling_n of_o hermit_n and_o solitary_a people_n that_o serve_v god_n in_o this_o wilderness_n but_o now_o of_o all_o these_o monastery_n there_o be_v but_o two_o remarkable_a namely_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o syrian_n and_o that_o of_o amba_fw-la biscioi_fw-la they_o be_v furnish_v with_o very_o good_a water_n the_o first_o have_v two_o church_n one_o for_o the_o syrian_n and_o another_o for_o the_o copty_v in_o that_o of_o the_o syrian_n be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o miraculous_a tree_n grow_v from_o the_o staff_n of_o s._n ephrem_fw-la this_o holy_a man_n leave_v it_o at_o the_o gate_n when_o he_o go_v to_o visit_v one_o in_o the_o monastery_n and_o immediate_o it_o shoot_v forth_o root_n downward_o and_o leave_v upward_o with_o flower_n they_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o tree_n to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o egypt_n beside_o three_o in_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n the_o little_a which_o now_o be_v much_o decay_a be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o tree_n that_o grow_v likewise_o from_o this_o saint_n staff_n miraculous_o when_o he_o have_v fix_v it_o into_o the_o ground_n at_o his_o superior_n command_v and_o water_v it_o therefore_o they_o call_v it_o because_o of_o this_o act_n of_o obedience_n scieigiaret_fw-la ittáa_fw-la or_o the_o tree_n of_o obedience_n four_o in_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o syrian_n to_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o eagle_n stone_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o bed_n of_o bahr_n belá_n i_o or_o river_n without_o water_n which_o be_v dry_v up_o as_o the_o monk_n relate_v at_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o ancient_a hermit_n that_o dwell_v about_o its_o bank_n because_o they_o be_v grievous_o trouble_v by_o the_o pirate_n that_o sail_v upon_o it_o therefore_o they_o obtain_v from_o god_n this_o favour_n five_o in_o this_o desert_n be_v to_o be_v see_v another_o curiosity_n call_v by_o the_o arabian_n lahm_n iggiúf_n but_o because_o i_o can_v not_o well_o understand_v what_o it_o be_v i_o can_v desire_v that_o some_o other_o traveller_n will_v inquire_v it_o out_o that_o we_o may_v better_o know_v what_o to_o think_v of_o it_o a_o walk_n to_o the_o garden_n of_o ma-tárea_a the_o 12_o of_o july_n i_o go_v in_o the_o company_n of_o some_o french_a merchant_n to_o the_o village_n of_o ma-tárea_a situate_a on_o the_o east_n of_o cairo_n about_o two_o hour_n ride_v on_o horseback_n to_o visit_v the_o place_n which_o christ_n and_o his_o most_o holy_a mother_n have_v sanctify_v with_o their_o abode_n and_o the_o garden_n where_o the_o balm_n plant_n be_v set_v former_o at_o the_o entry_n into_o the_o court_n which_o be_v before_o this_o garden_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n a_o small_a oratory_n of_o the_o turk_n which_o one_o ibrahim_n who_o be_v pacha_n of_o egypt_n about_o thirteen_o year_n ago_o cause_v to_o be_v build_v out_o of_o a_o hatred_n of_o the_o copty_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o church_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o where_o they_o reverence_v some_o relic_n and_o step_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o of_o his_o most_o holy_a mother_n this_o pacha_n change_v as_o we_o have_v say_v this_o chapel_n into_o a_o oratory_n of_o turk_n that_o no_o christian_n may_v have_v the_o liberty_n to_o enter_v in_o and_o visit_v it_o but_o since_o the_o turk_n have_v forsake_v it_o one_o may_v go_v in_o free_o without_o hindrance_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o long_o name_v a_o oratory_n but_o ill_a mákad_n or_o the_o place_n of_o rest_n in_o this_o mákad_n be_v a_o little_a cistern_n of_o marble_n of_o divers_a colour_n full_a of_o water_n which_o come_v into_o it_o by_o a_o channel_n from_o the_o miraculous_a well_o that_o be_v near_o by_o the_o copty_v say_v from_o tradition_n that_o the_o bless_a virgin_n be_v wont_a to_o wash_v in_o it_o the_o linen_n of_o her_o divine_a son_n and_o that_o whilst_o she_o be_v employ_v in_o work_v she_o lay_v he_o in_o a_o little_a hole_n which_o be_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o mákad_n a_o place_n where_o some_o religious_a franc_n have_v heretofore_o say_v mass_n out_o of_o devotion_n however_o it_o be_v i_o will_v not_o deny_v a_o tradition_n so_o ancient_a but_o it_o be_v so_o hard_a to_o reconcile_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o they_o bring_v to_o prove_v it_o that_o when_o i_o have_v do_v all_o that_o i_o can_v to_o understand_v the_o truth_n i_o sound_v such_o doubt_n as_o do_v rather_o contradict_v than_o establish_v any_o such_o thing_n very_o near_o this_o mákad_n or_o rest_v place_n be_v the_o miraculous_a well_o very_o deep_a its_o water_n be_v light_a and_o sweet_a than_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n this_o be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o the_o pacha_n drink_n of_o it_o and_o prefer_v it_o to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n the_o tradition_n of_o the_o copty_v say_v and_o some_o mahometan_a historian_n agree_v to_o it_o as_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr verdi_fw-la that_o our_o saviour_n have_v wash_v himself_o in_o this_o well_o and_o by_o a_o miracle_n he_o have_v give_v this_o sweetness_n and_o extraordinary_a pleasantness_n to_o these_o water_n it_o be_v source_n or_o spring_n be_v not_o well_o know_v some_o think_v that_o it_o come_v by_o a_o miracle_n other_o say_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o nilus_n under_o ground_n but_o i_o think_v it_o impossible_a 1._o because_o of_o the_o great_a distance_n between_o the_o river_n and_o this_o well_o 2._o because_o when_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n be_v corrupt_a and_o thick_a the_o water_n of_o this_o well_o be_v clear_a whereas_o if_o it_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o river_n it_o will_v be_v as_o thick_a as_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n 3._o because_o the_o water_n of_o this_o well_o never_o rise_v nor_o fall_v as_o the_o river_n do_v but_o be_v always_o equal_a in_o height_n final_o i_o conceive_v it_o from_o the_o name_n give_v to_o it_o má-tarea_a which_o signify_v fresh_a water_n this_o signify_v that_o it_o have_v a_o particular_a source_n and_o a_o quality_n not_o common_a
with_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n the_o mahometan_n say_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o well_o by_o our_o issimsim_fw-la which_o be_v at_o mecha_n a_o famous_a well_o because_o of_o a_o pretend_a miracle_n of_o mahomet_n but_o this_o be_v a_o fable_n invent_v by_o some_o of_o their_o sciech_n to_o obtain_v more_o credit_n to_o their_o prophet_n for_o mecha_n be_v distant_a from_o cairo_n one_o and_o thirty_o day_n journey_n as_o the_o caravan_n make_v they_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o well_o shall_v be_v in_o egypt_n proceed_v from_o a_o source_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n after_o that_o we_o have_v eat_v in_o the_o rest_a place_n and_o drink_v of_o this_o good_a water_n out_o of_o devotion_n we_o go_v into_o the_o garden_n where_o heretofore_o the_o balm_n tree_n be_v plant_v which_o yield_v balm_n only_o when_o they_o stand_v in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v water_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o miraculous_a well_o one_o may_v read_v my_o book_n upon_o this_o subject_a call_v the_o church_n of_o alexandria_n where_o many_o remarkable_a thing_n may_v be_v find_v very_o curious_a concern_v these_o tree_n and_o this_o well_o in_o this_o garden_n be_v heretofore_o to_o be_v see_v the_o sicamore-tree_n which_o as_o the_o copty_v say_v split_v in_o two_o miraculous_o to_o hide_v our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o his_o most_o holy_a mother_n when_o the_o soldier_n of_o herod_n pursue_v he_o they_o say_v that_o when_o they_o hide_v themselves_o in_o this_o open_n of_o the_o sicamore_n they_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o soldier_n violence_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o a_o spider_n web_n that_o cover_v they_o sudden_o and_o appear_v very_o old_a though_o it_o be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_n by_o a_o miracle_n so_o that_o that_o they_o imagine_v not_o that_o any_o person_n can_v be_v hide_v within_o much_o less_o the_o person_n who_o they_o be_v seek_v the_o franciscan_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n that_o dwell_v at_o cairo_n dispute_v with_o the_o keeper_n of_o this_o garden_n the_o possession_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o say_v that_o it_o fall_v down_o with_o old_a age_n in_o the_o year_n 1656._o and_o that_o they_o gather_v then_o up_o the_o piece_n which_o they_o keep_v careful_o in_o their_o place_n of_o relic_n i_o have_v see_v they_o there_o the_o gardiner_n yet_o show_v in_o this_o garden_n a_o stump_n which_o i_o have_v see_v which_o they_o say_v be_v the_o remain_v of_o this_o sicamore_n but_o this_o dispute_n concern_v i_o not_o much_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o i_o shall_v oblige_v those_o father_n to_o maintain_v their_o interest_n in_o this_o case_n that_o be_v so_o trivial_a when_o we_o have_v see_v this_o sicamore_n we_o go_v out_o of_o the_o garden_n to_o see_v the_o needle_n which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o village_n plant_v in_o the_o open_a field_n where_o stand_v ancient_o the_o city_n heliopolis_n this_o needle_n be_v not_o equal_o square_a for_o there_o be_v two_o side_n large_a than_o the_o other_o the_o large_a be_v each_o of_o six_o foot_n and_o the_o narrow_a of_o five_o and_o a_o half_a there_o be_v but_o few_o character_n grave_v upon_o it_o but_o they_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v read_v and_o those_o that_o be_v grave_v in_o one_o side_n be_v also_o in_o the_o three_o other_o it_o be_v of_o a_o red_a stone_n as_o all_o other_o needle_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o egypt_n plant_v upon_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o basis_n to_o stand_v upon_o near_o this_o needle_n be_v a_o square_a stone_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o basis_n of_o some_o great_a pillar_n but_o it_o be_v wear_v on_o the_o side_n therefore_o i_o neglect_v to_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o it_o in_o this_o field_n sultan_n selim_n encamp_v with_o his_o army_n when_o he_o engage_v in_o a_o fight_n with_o sultan_n caje_v bey_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o mammeluc_n some_o of_o the_o trench_n of_o his_o camp_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v i_o go_v next_o alone_o from_o má-tarea_a to_o mÃny_v sored_a another_o village_n hard_o by_o on_o the_o westside_n to_o see_v a_o miraculous_a image_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n which_o the_o copty_v keep_v in_o their_o church_n of_o which_o i_o have_v read_v a_o miracle_n in_o a_o abyssin_n manuscript_n which_o i_o find_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o koskam_n near_o momfallot_v in_o the_o middle_a egypt_n at_o my_o first_o voyage_n into_o egypt_n as_o soon_o as_o i_o have_v see_v it_o i_o return_v to_o cairo_n the_o 17_o of_o july_n saturday_n night_n i_o go_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n michael_n situate_v out_o of_o the_o old_a cairo_n at_o the_o east-side_n about_o half_a a_o hour_n ride_v on_o horseback_n in_o the_o field_n call_v in_o arab._n birket_n siech_v ombarek_n or_o the_o lake_n of_o the_o bless_a sciech_n where_o i_o spend_v the_o night_n to_o hear_v mass_n for_o the_o copty_v say_v it_o ordinary_o after_o midnight_n the_o next_o day_n i_o return_v back_o to_o my_o lodging_n and_o see_v in_o my_o passage_n all_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o the_o copty_v which_o be_v in_o old_a cairo_n leave_v on_o our_o left_a hand_n the_o three_o church_n which_o be_v in_o babylon_n massr_n which_o be_v heretofore_o part_n of_o old_a cairo_n but_o be_v now_o total_o destroy_v i_o begin_v my_o visit_n by_o the_o church_n that_o be_v in_o cassr_n isscémma_fw-la church_n and_o monastery_n of_o cassr_n isscémma_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o maállaca_n it_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a church_n stately_a and_o very_a clear_a and_o i_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o beautiful_a that_o the_o copty_v have_v in_o egypt_n it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n in_o which_o the_o patriarch_n perform_v his_o first_o divine_a service_n the_o copty_v buy_v it_o of_o amru_n ibn_n il_fw-fr ass_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o contract_n write_v upon_o the_o wall_n of_o this_o church_n with_o the_o hand_n of_o this_o prince_n who_o curse_v there_o all_o the_o mahometan_n that_o shall_v offer_v to_o take_v it_o from_o they_o there_o be_v five_o heikels_n or_o chapel_n in_o a_o rank_n but_o separate_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o with_o little_a grate_v of_o wood_n so_o that_o five_o mass_n may_v be_v read_v at_o once_o and_o the_o priest_n need_v not_o interrupt_v one_o another_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o this_o church_n a_o little_a image_n be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o pillar_n which_o image_n the_o copty_v say_v speak_v to_o s._n ephrem_n one_o of_o their_o patriarch_n to_o comfort_v he_o in_o his_o affliction_n when_o meéz_n le_fw-fr din_n alla_fw-mi the_o califf_n command_v he_o to_o transport_v mount_n gebel_n il_fw-fr mocáttam_fw-la which_o now_o stand_v behind_o the_o castle_n of_o cairo_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o religion_n because_o our_o saviour_n christ_n say_v in_o the_o gospel_n if_o you_o have_v faith_n as_o a_o grain_n of_o mustardseed_n you_o shall_v say_v to_o this_o mountain_n remove_v thence_o to_o yonder_o place_n and_o it_o shall_v remove_v and_o nothing_o shall_v be_v impossible_a unto_o you_o he_o threaten_v he_o therefore_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o remove_v it_o that_o he_o will_v destroy_v all_o his_o nation_n as_o a_o people_n that_o profess_v a_o false_a religion_n and_o that_o deserve_v not_o to_o live_v among_o they_o that_o be_v believer_n because_o this_o image_n speak_v then_o to_o their_o patriarch_n to_o comfort_v he_o and_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v remove_v the_o mountain_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o have_v anger_v this_o califf_n against_o they_o they_o high_o respect_v it_o next_o to_o maállaca_n i_o go_v to_o visit_v sancta_fw-la barba_fw-la where_o as_o my_o leader_n tell_v i_o the_o body_n of_o this_o saint_n rest_v at_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o chapel_n this_o church_n be_v great_a and_o very_a light_n and_o therefore_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v the_o most_o pleasant_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v also_o three_o chapel_n in_o a_o rank_n i_o see_v next_o the_o church_n of_o saint_n sergius_n which_o be_v build_v as_o say_a ibn_n patrick_n say_v in_o his_o history_n by_o a_o coptie_a a_o secretary_n to_o abdella_n ilaziz_fw-fr ibn_fw-fr meruán_n a_o califf_n of_o egypt_n under_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o cave_n in_o which_o as_o the_o copty_v hold_v by_o tradition_n christ_n with_o his_o most_o bless_a mother_n have_v live_v a_o while_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o angle_n or_o part_n by_o little_a pillar_n in_o the_o first_o at_o the_o entrance_n be_v the_o baptismal_a font_n of_o the_o copty_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o middle_a separation_n be_v a_o place_n in_o the_o wall_n and_o in_o
be_v see_v many_o relic_n of_o antiquity_n as_o capital_n antic_a work_n pillar_n of_o marble_n break_v in_o the_o corn-market_n be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o great_a pillar_n entire_o lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o a_o great_a millstone_n both_o of_o a_o red_a stone_n and_o almost_o in_o all_o house_n be_v to_o be_v see_v something_o very_o remarkable_a for_o its_o antiquity_n here_o be_v make_v much_o linen_n for_o the_o house_n and_o canvas_n to_o pack_v up_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n they_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o flax_n which_o yield_v a_o great_a benefit_n streaked_a linen_n be_v plentiful_a here_o and_o very_o good_a with_o which_o the_o countrypeople_n clothe_v themselves_o the_o leather_n of_o this_o country_n be_v much_o esteem_v but_o chief_o the_o blanket_n that_o be_v make_v here_o be_v the_o fine_a of_o the_o levant_n and_o be_v carry_v all_o over_o the_o world_n here_o be_v also_o make_v sack_n of_o network_n of_o cord_n to_o carry_v upon_o camel_n straw_n or_o dry_a dung_n to_o burn_v or_o stone_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n for_o they_o never_o use_v cart_n this_o territory_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a and_o all_o that_o grow_v here_o be_v of_o a_o better_a taste_n than_o in_o the_o other_o province_n here_o be_v field_n full_a of_o rosetree_n and_o wood_n of_o figtree_n which_o be_v not_o in_o other_o part_n of_o egypt_n the_o garden_n be_v full_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o tree_n bear_v fruit_n as_o pear-tree_n orange-tree_n lemon-tree_n peach-tree_n plumb-tree_n apricock-tree_n and_o many_o other_o that_o be_v send_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o cairo_n which_o yield_v they_o a_o great_a profit_n in_o fium_fw-la only_a of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o egypt_n be_v vineyard_n and_o in_o these_o village_n only_o in_o fidimin_n where_o i_o have_v be_v in_o nacalife_o seliin_n abukesa_n agiamiin_n gerrado_n and_o tobhar_n they_o make_v wine_n thus_o they_o press_v the_o grape_n either_o with_o their_o foot_n or_o other_o wise_a into_o a_o great_a earthen_a vessel_n they_o put_v afterward_o the_o new_a wine_n into_o a_o sack_n of_o course_n linen_n and_o strain_v it_o into_o another_o vessel_n from_o thence_o they_o draw_v it_o and_o secure_v it_o in_o jar_n well_o pitch_v within_o which_o contain_v about_o twelve_o thousand_o dram_fw-la now_o these_o jar_n they_o place_n in_o the_o sun_n during_o seven_o day_n leave_v they_o open_a that_o the_o new_a wine_n may_v purge_v itself_o they_o stop_v they_o afterward_o with_o palm-leaves_a and_o cover_v they_o close_o with_o mud._n they_o leave_v their_o wine_n in_o this_o manner_n till_o they_o intend_v to_o drink_v it_o this_o wine_n be_v not_o much_o esteem_v of_o by_o the_o franc_n because_o there_o remain_v so_o much_o dregs_o that_o come_v out_o into_o the_o cup_n with_o the_o wine_n but_o if_o they_o have_v but_o the_o art_n of_o clear_v and_o clarify_n the_o wine_n it_o will_v be_v doubtless_o a_o very_a pleasant_a wine_n for_o the_o grape_n be_v very_o sweet_a and_o please_v to_o the_o taste_n i_o have_v not_o see_v a_o province_n in_o egypt_n that_o be_v so_o much_o cut_v into_o channel_n as_o this_o they_o all_o proceed_v from_o joseph_n river_n and_o they_o be_v make_v to_o water_v the_o field_n with_o more_o ease_n and_o because_o this_o great_a number_n of_o ditch_n will_v hinder_v man_n from_o travel_v up_o and_o down_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o bridge_n here_o be_v more_o than_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o egypt_n they_o be_v all_o make_v with_o burn_a brick_n and_o very_o strong_a the_o tradition_n say_v that_o they_o be_v build_v in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o pharaoh_n and_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o copty_v that_o these_o king_n employ_v the_o israelite_n in_o make_v brick_n for_o these_o bridge_n which_o be_v very_o probable_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o man_n be_v needful_a to_o make_v such_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o brick_n this_o province_n of_o fium_fw-la ancient_o have_v three_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o five_o town_n and_o village_n but_o now_o there_o be_v but_o threescore_o and_o two_o all_o the_o other_o have_v be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o lake_n kern_n or_o destroy_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o governor_n the_o cascief_n dwell_v in_o the_o town_n he_o pay_v now_o to_o the_o pacha_n five_o and_o twenty_o purse_n and_o five_o to_o his_o kehaja_n or_o lieutenant_n and_o to_o his_o aga_fw-la he_o pay_v for_o his_o province_n two_o hundred_o purse_n in_o four_o payment_n the_o divan_n of_o cairo_n allow_v he_o three_o cornet_n of_o horse_n or_o spahin_n to_o keep_v his_o country_n unto_o who_o he_o pay_v every_o six_o month_n five_o and_o twenty_o piastre_n which_o be_v but_o a_o small_a allowance_n so_o that_o they_o be_v but_o poor_o clad_v and_o appear_v as_o so_o many_o beggar_n rather_o than_o as_o the_o soldier_n of_o so_o great_a a_o emperor_n the_o ancient_a town_n of_o arsinoe_n situate_v near_o fium_fw-la on_o the_o north-east-side_n be_v now_o total_o ruinate_v there_o remain_v nothing_o of_o it_o now_o but_o a_o great_a many_o mountain_n very_o high_o raise_v with_o the_o ruin_n and_o rubbish_n of_o the_o town_n they_o show_v sufficient_o that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o glorious_a city_n of_o egypt_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n call_v it_o medinet_n fare_v or_o the_o town_n of_o the_o persian_a but_o i_o can_v never_o understand_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o name_n they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v by_o cat_n which_o the_o enemy_n set_v into_o it_o when_o they_o have_v tie_v firebrand_n at_o their_o tail_n which_o scatter_v the_o fire_n into_o every_o corner_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n the_o copty_v call_v it_o in_o their_o book_n arsinoe_n and_o pliny_n call_v all_o that_o province_n the_o government_n of_o arsinoe_n on_o the_o 24_o of_o this_o month_n i_o go_v to_o fidintin_n a_o village_n distant_a from_o fium_fw-la about_o two_o hour_n ride_v towards_o the_o west_n to_o visit_v the_o bishop_n who_o be_v go_v thither_o out_o of_o the_o cascief_n sight_n i_o be_v clothe_v in_o a_o turkish_a habit_n with_o a_o janisary_n and_o a_o negre_n well_o arm_v upon_o good_a horse_n our_o come_n put_v the_o poor_a bishop_n into_o such_o a_o fright_n that_o he_o think_v himself_o already_o kill_v when_o he_o hear_v that_o three_o strange_a horseman_n ask_v for_o he_o he_o think_v at_o first_o that_o we_o be_v some_o send_v by_o the_o cascief_n to_o do_v he_o a_o injury_n these_o poor_a people_n be_v become_v wonderful_a timorous_a through_o the_o continual_a tyranny_n of_o those_o barbarian_n so_o that_o at_o the_o least_o motion_n they_o tremble_v and_o shake_v he_o be_v pretty_a well_o satisfy_v when_o i_o tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v a_o franc_n come_v purposely_o to_o crave_v acquaintance_n with_o he_o he_o entertain_v we_o in_o a_o very_a poor_a dwelling_n invite_v we_o into_o his_o parlour_n and_o treat_v we_o with_o very_o good_a wine_n of_o the_o country_n when_o we_o have_v spend_v some_o hour_n in_o conversation_n with_o he_o we_o go_v to_o see_v the_o vine_n of_o that_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n we_o return_v home_o to_o the_o city_n the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n i_o go_v to_o bijamuh_o a_o village_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o fium_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n to_o see_v a_o ancient_a thing_n the_o body_n of_o a_o great_a statue_n of_o a_o giant_n of_o a_o red_a stone_n without_o head_n or_o arm_n stand_v upon_o a_o basis_n this_o statue_n be_v behind_o the_o village_n in_o a_o great_a broad_a road._n i_o can_v never_o learn_v what_o it_o be_v because_o the_o countrypeople_n have_v no_o tradition_n of_o it_o and_o in_o the_o history_n of_o egypt_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o it_o i_o have_v only_o learn_v that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n call_v it_o the_o statue_n of_o pharaoh_n which_o i_o think_v not_o to_o be_v true_a because_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o egyptian_n to_o entitle_v all_o thing_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n with_o the_o name_n of_o pharaoh_n from_o a_o conceit_n they_o have_v that_o they_o be_v all_o giant_n the_o basis_n of_o this_o statue_n be_v square_a of_o hew_a stone_n that_o be_v very_o great_a every_o stone_n have_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o almost_o ten_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o forefront_n have_v five_o perch_n in_o length_n that_o be_v about_o thirty_o foot_n near_o this_o basis_n five_o other_o stand_v in_o a_o demi-circle_n but_o less_o and_o without_o any_o statue_n upon_o they_o the_o bishop_n inform_v i_o that_o heretofore_o in_o this_o village_n be_v a_o agiasma_n or_o fountain_n of_o holy_a water_n call_v
by_o the_o arab._n ein_fw-mi il_fw-it mandura_fw-it and_o that_o every_o holy-thursday_n a_o great_a many_o christian_n be_v wont_a to_o meet_v there_o to_o drink_v of_o this_o water_n out_o of_o devotion_n but_o that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o place_n who_o be_v all_o mahometan_n have_v stop_v it_o up_o to_o prevent_v the_o continuance_n of_o this_o superstition_n when_o we_o have_v well_o see_v these_o thing_n we_o return_v to_o the_o town_n and_o in_o our_o way_n we_o go_v over_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a arsinoe_n where_o i_o see_v nothing_o remarkable_a but_o some_o old_a wall_n which_o my_o guide_n tell_v i_o be_v the_o remain_v of_o a_o bath_n when_o we_o be_v come_v near_o the_o town_n we_o leave_v it_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o go_v to_o see_v the_o needle_n of_o bibig_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o description_n this_o needle_n be_v place_v on_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o basis_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o cornfield_n in_o a_o place_n where_o be_v no_o house_n nor_o mark_v of_o any_o that_o have_v be_v there_o it_o be_v distant_a from_o fium_fw-la about_o a_o long_a half_a league_n near_o a_o village_n call_v bibig_n from_o whence_o it_o borrow_v the_o name_n this_o village_n be_v situate_v on_o the_o south-west_n of_o fium_fw-la and_o belong_v unto_o it_o it_o be_v build_v in_o a_o long_a square_n very_o high_a its_o large_a side_n have_v six_o foot_n and_o the_o narrow_a be_v of_o four_o this_o needle_n abut_v not_o into_o a_o sharp_a point_n as_o other_o in_o egypt_n and_o italy_n but_o the_o top_n be_v make_v like_o a_o ass_n back_n on_o the_o southside_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o large_a there_o be_v three_o rank_n of_o image_n that_o represent_v man_n and_o woman_n hold_v one_o another_o by_o the_o hand_n under_o these_o three_o rank_n begin_v fourteen_o rank_n of_o hieroglyphic_n character_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o finger_n which_o be_v to_o be_v read_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n every_o rank_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o other_o which_o be_v near_o with_o a_o line_n that_o be_v draw_v between_o all_o along_o the_o needle_n so_o that_o without_o doubt_v this_o needle_n be_v the_o most_o curious_a that_o may_v be_v see_v in_o every_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a side_n be_v but_o one_o rank_n of_o lesser_a character_n which_o yet_o continue_v very_o clear_a and_o beautiful_a there_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v lament_v at_o that_o time_n have_v almost_o blot_v out_o the_o figure_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pillar_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o that_o the_o stone_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o corruption_n be_v much_o wear_v out_o it_o be_v of_o a_o red_a stone_n as_o all_z other_o it_o be_v top_n be_v like_o a_o ass_n back_n and_o very_o large_a sit_v for_o the_o vulture_n and_o hawk_n to_o pitch_v upon_o it_o at_o night_n these_o bird_n have_v so_o whiten_v it_o with_o their_o dung_n that_o the_o uppermost_a figure_n be_v scarce_o to_o be_v discern_v i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o all_o the_o needle_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o egypt_n stand_v not_o upon_o any_o basis_n but_o upon_o the_o ground_n which_o make_v i_o believe_v that_o the_o invention_n of_o plant_v they_o upon_o a_o basis_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o egyptian_n but_o from_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o pillar_n be_v very_o useful_a and_o contain_v great_a mystery_n in_o their_o character_n they_o have_v raise_v they_o upon_o a_o basis_n to_o render_v they_o more_o remarkable_a and_o considerable_a to_o the_o curious_a we_o return_v to_o the_o town_n about_o noon_n a_o little_a journey_n to_o sennuris_n svnday_n the_o 31._o of_o july_n i_o go_v to_o sennuris_n a_o village_n belong_v to_o the_o cascieflik_a of_o fium_fw-la situate_a on_o the_o north_n of_o this_o town_n and_o about_o four_o hour_n travel_v on_o horseback_n to_o see_v the_o remain_v of_o antiquity_n that_o be_v there_o and_o thereabouts_o beside_o my_o servant_n some_o other_o copty_v christian_n go_v with_o i_o when_o i_o have_v a_o little_a rest_v myself_o at_o sennuris_n in_o the_o house_n of_o sciech_n ill_a bele_z the_o chief_z of_o the_o village_n a_o moor_n where_o my_o friend_n oblige_v i_o to_o take_v my_o lodging_n i_o go_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o village_n which_o be_v great_a and_o very_o beautiful_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v the_o church_n of_o the_o copty_v dedicate_v to_o the_o archangel_n s_o michael_n but_o it_o be_v very_a mean_v nevertheless_o i_o take_v notice_n there_o of_o one_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a namely_o a_o square_a stone_n where_o be_v three_o little_a figure_n cut_v the_o first_o represent_v the_o archangel_n s_o michael_n the_o middle_n represent_v the_o virgin_n mary_n who_o hold_v in_o her_o arm_n her_o son_n and_o the_o three_o the_o angel_n raphael_n the_o name_n of_o every_o one_o be_v write_v underneath_o in_o greek_a letter_n in_o the_o copty_v language_n this_o stone_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o from_o side_n to_o side_n the_o priest_n inform_v i_o that_o this_o stone_n be_v heretofore_o in_o the_o chancel_n but_o when_o they_o see_v that_o the_o people_n render_v homage_n to_o these_o figure_n they_o place_v they_o in_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o church_n that_o they_o may_v hinder_v they_o from_o idolatry_n they_o offer_v it_o to_o i_o for_o a_o piastre_n and_o a_o half_a because_o i_o seem_v to_o value_v it_o at_o a_o high_a rate_n i_o will_v not_o take_v it_o because_o i_o have_v no_o intent_n to_o return_v so_o soon_o to_o cairo_n but_o to_o go_v further_o into_o sayda_n at_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o village_n about_o a_o musquet-shot_a from_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o very_a ancient_a bridge_n of_o brick_n make_v for_o a_o passage_n for_o the_o river_n when_o it_o overflow_v the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n say_v that_o joseph_n jacob_n son_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v build_v it_o be_v apparent_a by_o its_o ruin_n that_o heretofore_o it_o be_v very_o great_a but_o now_o there_o remain_v no_o more_o but_o four_o arch_n round_o about_o this_o village_n be_v sow_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o flax_n but_o it_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o other_o part_n of_o egypt_n at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v as_o well_o as_o at_o fiúm_n a_o want_n of_o fresh_a water_n because_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n usual_o cast_v into_o the_o river_n their_o hemp_n where_o they_o take_v their_o water_n to_o drink_v this_o have_v so_o poison_v the_o water_n that_o they_o do_v stink_v so_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o cause_v some_o fresh_a water_n to_o be_v bring_v from_o fiúm_n which_o be_v about_o four_o hour_n distant_a from_o this_o village_n in_o a_o evening_n i_o walk_v to_o see_v the_o lake_n kern_n which_o be_v very_o near_a sennúris_n on_o the_o westside_n this_o lake_n be_v narrow_a but_o long_o for_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o it_o be_v about_o two_o day_n travel_v for_o a_o horse_n in_o length_n this_o be_v doubtless_o the_o lake_n miris_fw-la mention_v by_o pliny_n when_o he_o say_v inter_fw-la arsinoïten_n prafecturam_fw-la ac_fw-la memphiten_n lacus_n fuit_fw-la circuitu_fw-la ccl.m._fw-la passuum_fw-la aut_fw-la ut_fw-la mutianus_n tradit_fw-la ccccl_n m_o &_o latitudinis_fw-la l._n passuum_fw-la manu_fw-la factus_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la qui_fw-la fecerat_fw-la moeridis_n appellatus_fw-la for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o lake_n between_o fium_fw-la which_o be_v arsinoe_n and_o the_o city_n of_o memphis_n or_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v at_o its_o eastern_a end_n be_v place_v the_o village_n tamÃch_o mention_v before_o and_o in_o its_o west_n end_n be_v the_o famous_a castle_n of_o vizir_fw-it charon_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o this_o lake_n receive_v all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v from_o the_o field_n when_o nilus_n be_v overflow_v and_o from_o the_o river_n of_o joseph_n they_o become_v salt_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o niter_n here_o be_v much_o fish_n chief_o a_o fish_n call_v be_v arab._n hove_z which_o i_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o chapter_n concern_v the_o fish_n of_o nilus_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v desert_n of_o sand_n very_o large_a i_o have_v hear_v from_o person_n worthy_a to_o be_v believe_v that_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v many_o remarkable_a ruin_n of_o ancient_a town_n particular_o of_o temeh_n issebag_n or_o of_o temeh_n of_o lieus_n a_o town_n so_o name_v because_o of_o the_o statue_n of_o lieu_n that_o be_v there_o to_o be_v see_v here_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a monastery_n name_v their_fw-mi abulÃfe_n or_o the_o monastery_n of_o abulÃfe_n they_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o have_v
up_o this_o church_n be_v build_v by_o one_o name_n ur_fw-la the_o son_n of_o ibrascit_fw-la a_o very_a famous_a magician_n who_o as_o the_o arabian_a history_n relate_v have_v this_o child_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o a_o eastern_a king_n when_o at_o last_o this_o ur_fw-la have_v leave_v the_o art_n of_o magic_n which_o his_o father_n have_v teach_v he_o he_o addict_v himself_o to_o virtue_n so_o that_o afterward_o he_o become_v bishop_n of_o fium_fw-la and_o build_v this_o church_n and_o tradition_n say_v that_o the_o virgin_n mary_n lay_v the_o foundation-stone_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o altar_n and_o the_o archangel_n s_o michael_n mark_v out_o the_o choir_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o church_n many_o remarkable_a thing_n happen_v while_o this_o church_n be_v building_n i_o mention_v they_o not_o for_o brevity_n sake_n they_o that_o will_v understand_v they_o may_v read_v the_o arabian_a manuscript_n mention_v before_o and_o now_o in_o the_o king_n library_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n behind_o this_o monastery_n on_o the_o southside_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a town_n which_o the_o copty_v say_v be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n they_o name_v it_o yet_o modsellet_n jacub_n or_o the_o tabernacle_n of_o jacob._n a_o little_a high_o upon_o the_o same_o sandy_a mountain_n be_v to_o be_v see_v many_o cave_n where_o the_o hermit_n ancient_o live_v i_o go_v into_o some_o of_o they_o out_o of_o curiosity_n they_o be_v very_o little_a and_o there_o be_v in_o they_o nothing_o extraordinary_a when_o i_o have_v take_v a_o view_n of_o all_o that_o be_v remarkable_a i_o return_v to_o fium_fw-la in_o the_o evening_n the_o country_n have_v be_v some_o day_n drown_v about_o fium_fw-la which_o oblige_v the_o commander_n of_o the_o militia_n and_o the_o cascief_n to_o retreat_v to_o cairo_n and_o because_o the_o robber_n be_v very_o formidable_a at_o this_o time_n and_o commit_v many_o disorder_n i_o be_v oblige_v to_o return_v also_o to_o cairo_n i_o go_v from_o fium_fw-la the_o 16_o of_o august_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o return_v the_o same_o way_n that_o i_o come_v and_o the_o next_o day_n i_o be_v at_o cairo_n in_o the_o evening_n after_o five_o and_o twenty_o day_n abide_v at_o fium_fw-la at_o my_o return_n to_o cairo_n i_o begin_v my_o church_n of_o alexandria_n a_o very_a curious_a work_n and_o very_o useful_a to_o the_o world_n and_o chief_o to_o the_o learned_a that_o desire_n to_o understand_v how_o the_o church_n of_o the_o east_n agree_v with_o the_o roman_a it_o contain_v all_o the_o ceremony_n and_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o venerable_a church_n of_o the_o copty_v which_o be_v that_o of_o alexandria_n i_o have_v take_v they_o out_o of_o two_o manuscript_n in_o arab._n very_o ancient_a and_o rare_a unknown_a to_o we_o in_o europe_n before_o now_o the_o one_o be_v call_v ill_a mosbah_n iddolme_n d'_fw-fr abulbaracat_fw-la and_o the_o other_o ill_a giauharet_n innefisse_v fielm_n il_fw-fr kenise_n i_o have_v be_v very_o exact_a and_o diligent_a in_o compose_v this_o book_n that_o it_o may_v render_v my_o name_n immortal_a i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o press_n as_o soon_o as_o i_o shall_v be_v return_v to_o rome_n where_o i_o make_v my_o ordinary_a abode_n the_o second_o of_o september_n which_o be_v the_o three_o friday_n after_o the_o open_n of_o the_o calitz_n a_o skilful_a swimmer_n cause_v himself_o to_o be_v admire_v of_o all_o the_o city_n by_o a_o very_a bold_a action_n he_o have_v his_o arm_n tie_v behind_o his_o back_n his_o foot_n tie_v at_o a_o iron_n chain_n which_o weigh_v ten_o pound_n in_o this_o manner_n he_o venture_v to_o swim_v upon_o his_o back_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o calitz_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v about_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n walk_v afoot_n this_o custom_n have_v be_v ancient_o use_v in_o cairo_n a_o skilful_a swimmer_n perform_v this_o every_o year_n two_o friday_n follow_v after_o that_o the_o calitz_n be_v open_v the_o pacha_n give_v he_o for_o his_o reward_n a_o thousand_o meidins_n which_o make_v three_o and_o thirty_o piastre_n the_o guard_n of_o the_o soubachi_n go_v before_o he_o in_o a_o boat_n to_o hinder_v he_o from_o receive_v any_o harm_n about_o five_o and_o twenty_o other_o boat_n full_a of_o spectator_n follow_v he_o swim_v this_o year_n but_o once_o because_o ibrahim_n pacha_n who_o love_v not_o such_o useless_a expense_n command_v he_o away_o when_o he_o come_v to_o demand_v his_o ordinary_a wage_n therefore_o instead_o of_o a_o thousand_o meidins_n he_o give_v he_o but_o one_o hundred_o there_o be_v another_o that_o swim_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o this_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o calitz_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o city_n he_o have_v his_o foot_n tie_v with_o a_o chain_n a_o dish_n of_o coffee_n in_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o pipe_n of_o tobacco_n light_v in_o the_o other_o at_o his_o mouth_n the_o pacha_n usual_o give_v he_o the_o same_o reward_n but_o because_o the_o former_a have_v not_o have_v his_o usual_a salary_n this_o last_o will_v not_o this_o year_n show_v his_o dexterity_n i_o be_v tell_v that_o these_o swimmer_n eat_v nothing_o for_o three_o day_n but_o cich-peasen_a and_o that_o they_o swallow_v their_o breath_n so_o long_a time_n which_o cause_v their_o belly_n to_o swell_v and_o become_v light_a as_o a_o empty_a bladder_n i_o be_v tell_v also_o that_o sometime_o they_o kill_v themselves_o or_o at_o least_o become_v very_o sick_a on_o the_o 12_o of_o september_n the_o pacha_n cause_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n to_o depart_v for_o constantinople_n with_o its_o ordinary_a guard_n and_o pomp_n there_o be_v one_o and_o thirty_o mule_n load_v with_o spanish_a coin_n and_o zequin_n of_o venice_n this_o treasure_n amount_v usual_o to_o one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o purse_n and_o each_o purse_n to_o five_o hundred_o crown_n the_o sangiac-bey_n that_o carry_v it_o be_v oblige_v to_o expend_v all_o the_o money_n needful_a for_o this_o voyage_n and_o it_o cost_v he_o usual_o one_o hundred_o purse_n or_o fifty_o thousand_o crown_n the_o caravan_n begin_v to_o march_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o arrive_v at_o constantinople_n at_o the_o end_n of_o one_o hundred_o day_n this_o treasure_n be_v take_v first_o out_o of_o the_o carache_fw-la or_o tribute_n of_o the_o land_n and_o village_n which_o the_o farmer_n rent_n of_o the_o divan_n for_o all_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o mosque_n and_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o micha_n be_v the_o grand_a signor_n because_o he_o conquer_v egypt_n with_o the_o sword_n 2._o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o dovanes_n of_o alexandria_n of_o rosetta_n of_o bouquir_n of_o damietta_n of_o brullos_n of_o boulak_n and_o of_o ibrim_n 3._o out_o of_o the_o chordis_fw-la 4._o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n and_o pit_n of_o nitre_n which_o be_v in_o the_o desert_n of_o s._n macarius_n and_o out_o of_o the_o salt-pit_n near_o alexandria_n 5._o from_o the_o shambles_n of_o cairo_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v 6._o from_o the_o custom-house_n or_o dovane_n of_o the_o bohar_n or_o spice_n and_o general_o from_o all_o merchandize_n import_v from_o mecha_n mocoa_n and_o the_o indies_n 7_o from_o the_o mint_n 8._o from_o the_o giavali_n or_o tribute_n which_o the_o christian_n of_o the_o levant_n and_o the_o gem_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v for_o their_o head_n 9_o from_o the_o treasure_n call_v beit_a il_fw-fr mal_fw-fr which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o decease_a good_n 10._o from_o the_o office_n of_o surveyor_n of_o the_o provision_n the_o same_o day_n i_o see_v the_o mosque_n of_o califfe_n hakem_n be_v amr_n ille_fw-la it_o stand_v out_o of_o cairo_n upon_o the_o mountain_n call_v gebel_n il_fw-fr mocattam_fw-la but_o now_o there_o appear_v nothing_o but_o the_o wall_n the_o same_o califfe_n have_v 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