find_v in_o themselves_o such_o a_o disposition_n as_o they_o have_v have_v before_o a_o swoon_a fit_n all_o which_o must_v be_v the_o effect_n either_o of_o the_o heave_n or_o tremulous_a motion_n or_o both_o and_o yet_o no_o motion_n of_o boat_n or_o coach_n do_v so_o sudden_o affect_v and_o disturb_v the_o head_n or_o stomach_n last_o it_o be_v attend_v with_o a_o noise_n as_o our_o earthquake_n general_o in_o england_n be_v as_o be_v observe_v by_o mr._n pigot_n in_o that_o of_o oxford_n in_o the_o year_n 1683._o and_o by_o myself_o when_o i_o live_v in_o sutton_n â—â—field_o in_o 〈◊〉_d that_o happen_v there_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n as_o i_o remember_v in_o the_o year_n 1677_o and_o extend_v at_o least_o 40_o mile_n in_o length_n into_o worcestershire_n the_o noise_n i_o hear_v seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o air._n this_o noise_n hereabout_o be_v hear_v but_o in_o few_o place_n and_o by_o few_o person_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o well_o assure_v by_o some_o and_o those_o of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o ignorant_a sort_n who_o report_v it_o of_o themselves_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o seign_v it_o and_o who_o have_v never_o hear_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n accompany_v earthquake_n from_o many_o of_o the_o forementioned_a particular_n it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o cavern_n in_o which_o the_o inflame_a damp_n cause_v this_o earthquake_n be_v contain_v lie_v deep_a in_o the_o earth_n else_o can_v it_o not_o have_v shake_v such_o a_o vast_a extent_n of_o ground_n both_o hill_n and_o valley_n pass_v under_o the_o channel_n of_o great_a river_n and_o even_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o not_o be_v stop_v by_o they_o and_o if_o it_o have_v not_o lie_v deep_a it_o will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n some_o where_o or_o other_o have_v rend_v the_o earth_n and_o break_v forth_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o depth_n it_o shall_v seem_v it_o find_v so_o much_o vent_v as_o to_o affect_v the_o external_a air_n and_o create_v a_o sound_n for_o if_o the_o cavern_n wherein_o the_o damp_n be_v have_v be_v close_o shut_v up_o with_o such_o a_o thick_a coat_n of_o earth_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o tremble_a and_o vibration_n of_o the_o soft_a earth_n alone_o will_v have_v produce_v such_o a_o noise_n abroad_o in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o vapour_n of_o it_o also_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o struggle_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o open_a air_n in_o such_o quantity_n as_o to_o affect_v the_o sense_n a_o sulphurous_a scent_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o air_n both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o concussion_n it_o be_v moreover_o very_o remarkable_a that_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a spot_n which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o stir_v in_o those_o country_n where_o the_o place_n not_o far_o distant_a round_o about_o be_v shake_v as_o sturbridge-fair_a before_o remember_v and_o that_o where_o my_o dwelling_n be_v neither_o myself_o nor_o any_o of_o my_o family_n though_o they_o be_v above_o stair_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o near_a neighbour_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o least_o motion_n or_o impression_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o those_o live_n within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o mile_n have_v their_o house_n considerable_o shake_v by_o it_o it_o be_v also_o worth_a the_o note_n that_o both_o this_o and_o all_o other_o earthquake_n i_o have_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o in_o england_n have_v be_v very_o short_a and_o finish_v at_o one_o explosion_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o cavity_n and_o cuniculi_fw-la wherein_o the_o inflame_a matter_n be_v contain_v and_o move_v be_v very_o straight_o and_o of_o small_a dimension_n explosion_n i_o call_v it_o because_o by_o the_o quickness_n of_o the_o motion_n it_o seem_v rather_o to_o resemble_v that_o of_o powder_n in_o a_o gun_n then_o that_o of_o a_o squib_n run_v in_o a_o train_n of_o powder_n though_o other_o i_o have_v read_v of_o who_o motion_n be_v very_o slow_a as_o that_o observe_v by_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyl_n and_o describe_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n numb_a 11._o have_v we_o certain_a knowledge_n where_o the_o great_a force_n of_o this_o earthquake_n be_v we_o may_v thence_o learn_v where_o its_o first_o accension_n be_v and_o which_o way_n it_o spread_v itself_o but_o i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o enlarge_v further_o concern_v it_o or_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o its_o phoenomena_fw-la lest_o i_o injure_v the_o printer_n by_o stop_v the_o press_n neither_o indeed_o will_v it_o be_v prudence_n to_o attempt_v it_o till_o we_o have_v a_o more_o particular_a and_o perfect_a history_n of_o it_o since_o this_o be_v write_v and_o send_v away_o to_o the_o printer_n intelligence_n be_v come_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o flanders_n and_o all_o holland_n part_n of_o france_n and_o germany_n be_v shake_v by_o this_o earthquake_n and_o consequent_o the_o interjacent_a province_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o our_o opinion_n that_o the_o inflame_a damp_n which_o cause_v it_o be_v lodge_v deep_a in_o the_o earth_n the_o cuniculi_fw-la or_o cavern_n which_o contain_v it_o pass_v under_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v also_o a_o great_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o mountain_n of_o aetna_n stromboli_n and_o vesuvius_n communicate_v by_o submarine_n passage_n add_v hereto_o that_o gassendus_fw-la in_o the_o life_n of_o peireskius_n report_n that_o at_o the_o mountain_n semo_n in_o aethiopia_n there_o happen_v a_o burn_a at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o that_o of_o vesuvius_n in_o campania_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1633._o so_o that_o not_o only_a vesuvius_n communicate_v with_o aetna_n by_o subterraneous_a vault_n but_o also_o as_o he_o rational_o infer_v aetna_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o syria_n the_o tunnel_n run_v under_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o those_o with_o the_o arabian_a and_o last_o the_o arabian_a with_o mount_n semo_n in_o aethiopia_n that_o a_o inflame_a damp_n or_o subterraneous_a fire_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o earthquake_n in_o general_a and_o not_o only_o such_o as_o precede_v the_o eruption_n of_o vulcano_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o eminent_a instance_n of_o a_o earthquake_n happen_v may_n 12._o 1682._o which_o shake_v the_o great_a part_n of_o france_n and_o switzerland_n and_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o collen_n in_o germany_n a_o account_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o journal_n des_fw-fr scavans_n set_v forth_o june_n 1._o 1682._o insert_v in_o the_o weekly_a memorial_n print_v for_o mr._n faithorne_n numb_a 23._o in_o which_o they_o write_v that_o it_o be_v perceive_v in_o lionnois_n which_o be_v wont_a 〈◊〉_d pass_v for_o a_o place_n exempt_a from_o such_o accident_n in_o pâ—phiny_a and_o beaujolois_n though_o very_a 〈◊〉_d and_o without_o any_o ill_a consequence_n that_o at_o mets_n in_o lorraine_n the_o watch-place_n of_o a_o bulwark_n be_v throw_v down_o into_o the_o 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o soldier_n that_o stand_v sentinel_n 〈◊〉_d that_o at_o tonnerre_v the_o house_n and_o church_n be_v so_o terrible_o shake_v as_o if_o several_a coach_n with_o six_o horse_n have_v drive_v along_o full_a speed_n through_o the_o street_n and_o that_o it_o throw_v down_o several_a rock_n on_o the_o side_n of_o bourbirant_n they_o tell_v also_o that_o it_o stop_v a_o fountain_n at_o raviere_n hard_o by_o which_o at_o fifty_o pace_n from_o its_o head_n turn_v a_o mill_n for_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o it_o be_v perceive_v in_o provence_n by_o the_o shake_n of_o window_n and_o bed_n and_o open_v of_o door_n and_o that_o it_o have_v two_o several_a motion_n or_o pulse_n as_o we_o also_o be_v by_o some_o observe_v to_o have_v and_o that_o the_o domestic_a animal_n as_o sheep_n cow_n horse_n and_o poultry_n do_v discover_v their_o fear_n by_o unusual_a motion_n and_o cry_n and_o the_o sheep_n at_o dijon_n in_o burgundy_n can_v not_o be_v stop_v from_o get_v into_o their_o stall_n at_o four_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n which_o be_v not_o then_o wont_a to_o betake_v themselves_o thither_o till_o sunset_n that_o the_o city_n of_o orleans_n troyes_n sens_n chalons_n joinville_n reims_n soissons_fw-fr laon_n mascon_n dole_n strasbourg_n etc._n etc._n feel_v the_o effect_n of_o it_o but_o at_o remiremont_n upon_o the_o moselle_n where_o it_o exert_v its_o great_a force_n throw_v down_o several_a house_n insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o betake_v themselves_o into_o the_o field_n for_o six_o week_n time_n there_o be_v a_o noise_n hear_v like_o thunder_n and_o flame_n frequent_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n of_o a_o noisome_a scent_n but_o not_o sulphureous_a and_o which_o burn_v nothing_o yet_o be_v there_o no_o rift_n or_o chap_n in_o the_o ground_n save_v only_o in_o one_o place_n the_o depth_n whereof_o be_v in_o vain_a search_v and_o which_o afterward_o close_v up_o
that_o not_o far_o from_o ligorn_n he_o himself_o have_v observe_v a_o whole_a city_n under_o water_n that_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n drown_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o over_o against_o puteoli_n in_o the_o sinus_n of_o baia_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v not_o only_a house_n but_o the_o trace_n and_o footstep_n of_o the_o street_n of_o some_o city_n manifest_o discernible_a and_o in_o the_o county_n of_o suffolk_n almost_o the_o whole_a town_n of_o donewich_n with_o the_o adjacent_a land_n have_v be_v undermine_v and_o devour_v by_o the_o sea_n this_o wash_n away_o of_o the_o shore_n be_v i_o conceive_v in_o great_a measure_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o forementioned_a streightning_n and_o cut_v short_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o earth_n and_o siâ—t_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o flood_n be_v bring_v down_o into_o it_o by_o the_o river_n for_o the_o vulgar_a have_v a_o proverbial_a tradition_n that_o what_o the_o sea_n lose_v in_o one_o place_n it_o gain_v in_o another_o and_o both_o together_o do_v very_o handsome_o make_v out_o and_o explain_v how_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o natural_a way_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o its_o primitive_a state_n in_o the_o creation_n when_o the_o water_n cover_v the_o land_n but_o this_o according_a to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d proceed_n of_o nature_n will_v not_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o many_o age_n i_o may_v say_v in_o age_n of_o age_n nay_o some_o think_v that_o those_o vast_a ridge_n and_o chain_n of_o mountain_n which_o run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o continent_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a height_n weight_n and_o solidity_n too_o great_a a_o morsel_n ever_o to_o be_v devour_v by_o the_o jaw_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o whether_o they_o be_v or_o not_o i_o need_v not_o dispute_v though_o i_o incline_v to_o the_o negative_a because_o this_o be_v not_o the_o dissolution_n the_o apostle_n here_o speak_v of_o which_o must_v be_v by_o fire_n but_o i_o must_v not_o here_o dissemble_v a_o objection_n i_o see_v may_v be_v make_v and_o that_o be_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v depress_v that_o it_o be_v continual_o elevate_v for_o in_o ancient_a building_n we_o see_v the_o earth_n raise_v high_a above_o the_o foot_n of_o they_o so_o the_o pantheon_n at_o rome_n which_o be_v at_o first_o ascend_v up_o to_o by_o many_o eight_o step_v be_v now_o descend_v down_o to_o by_o as_o many_o the_o basis_n and_o whole_a pedestal_n of_o trajan_n pillar_n there_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o earth_n dr._n tancred_n robinson_n in_o the_o year_n 1683._o observe_v in_o some_o place_n the_o wall_n of_o old_a rome_n to_o lie_v thirty_o and_o forty_o foot_n under_o ground_n so_o that_o he_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o remain_v of_o that_o famous_a ancient_a city_n be_v still_o bury_v and_o undiscovered_a the_o prodigious_a heap_n of_o ruin_n and_o rubbish_n enclose_v within_o the_o vineyard_n and_o garden_n be_v not_o half_o dig_v up_o or_o search_v as_o they_o may_v be_v the_o top_n of_o pillar_n peep_v up_o and_o down_o and_o in_o our_o own_o country_n we_o find_v many_o ancient_a roman_a pavement_n at_o some_o depth_n under_o ground_n my_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n edward_n loyd_n not_o long_o since_o inform_v of_o one_o that_o himself_o have_v see_v bury_v deep_a in_o the_o churchyard_n at_o wychester_n in_o glocestershire_n nay_o the_o earth_n in_o time_n will_v grow_v over_o and_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o great_a timber_n tree_n that_o have_v be_v â—allen_v and_o lie_v long_o upon_o it_o which_o be_v make_v one_o great_a reasâ—n_n that_o such_o great_a number_n even_a whâ—â—_n wood_n of_o subterraneous_a tree_n be_v frequent_o meet_v with_o and_o dig_v up_o at_o vast_a depth_n in_o the_o spanish_a and_o dutch_a netherlands_o as_o well_o as_o in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v as_o to_z building_n 1._o the_o ruin_n and_o rubbish_n of_o the_o city_n wherein_o they_o stand_v may_v be_v conceive_v to_o bury_v they_o as_o deep_a as_o they_o now_o lie_v under_o ground_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v its_o likely_a the_o roman_a pavement_n we_o find_v may_v come_v to_o be_v cover_v to_o that_o height_n we_o mention_v for_o that_o the_o place_n where_o they_o occur_v be_v ancient_o roman_a town_n subvert_v and_o ruin_v may_v easy_o be_v prove_v as_o particular_o in_o this_o we_o mention_v from_o the_o termination_n chesâ—er_n whatever_o town_n or_o village_n have_v that_o addition_n to_o its_o name_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o roman_a town_n or_o camp_n chester_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o castra_n 2._o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o weighty_a building_n do_v in_o time_n overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o foundation_n unless_o it_o be_v a_o solid_a rock_n and_o sink_v into_o the_o ground_n nay_o the_o very_a soft_a water_n lie_v long_o upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o pool_n do_v so_o compress_v and_o sadden_fw-mi they_o by_o its_o weight_n that_o the_o very_a road_n that_o be_v continual_o beat_v with_o horse_n and_o carriage_n be_v not_o so_o firm_a and_o sad_a and_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o near_a you_o dig_v to_o the_o low_a water-mark_a still_o the_o sad_a and_o firm_a it_o be_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a still_o the_o further_a the_o sad_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o strong_a fix_v of_o anchor_n this_o firmness_n of_o the_o sand_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n the_o people_n inhabit_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o that_o i_o have_v see_v they_o bold_o ride_v through_o the_o water_n across_o a_o channel_n three_o mile_n broad_a before_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o when_o in_o some_o place_n it_o reach_v to_o the_o horse_n belly_n a_o semblance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o pond_n which_o be_v new_o dig_v the_o water_n that_o run_v into_o they_o sink_v soon_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o they_o become_v dry_a again_o till_o after_o some_o time_n by_o often_o fill_v the_o earth_n become_v so_o solid_a through_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n that_o they_o leak_v no_o more_o but_o hold_v water_n up_o to_o the_o brink_n witty_a scarborough_n spa_n p._n 86._o what_o force_v a_o gentle_a if_o continual_a pressure_n have_v we_o may_v understand_v also_o by_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n which_o we_o see_v will_v sometime_o pierce_v through_o the_o chink_n of_o stone_n wall_n and_o in_o time_n make_v great_a crack_n and_o rift_n in_o they_o nay_o will_v get_v under_o their_o very_a foundation_n the_o tender_a root_n of_o herb_n overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o make_v their_o way_n through_o clay_n or_o gravel_n by_o the_o by_o we_o may_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o one_o reason_n why_o plough_v harrow_n siâ—ting_v or_o any_o comminution_n of_o the_o earth_n render_v it_o more_o fruitful_a be_v because_o the_o root_n of_o grass_n corn_n and_o other_o herb_n can_v with_o more_o facility_n creep_v abroad_o and_o multiply_v their_o fibre_n in_o the_o light_n and_o loose_a earth_n that_o the_o rot_a of_o grass_n and_o other_o herb_n upon_o the_o ground_n may_v in_o some_o place_n raise_v the_o superficies_n of_o it_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o 〈◊〉_d â—n_a garden_n and_o enclosure_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v rank_a and_o no_o cattle_n be_v admit_v 〈◊〉_d eat_v off_o the_o fog_n or_o long_a grass_n but_o elsewhere_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o faith_n be_v very_o little_a and_o inconsiderable_a and_o none_o at_o all_o unless_o in_o level_a ground_n which_o have_v but_o little_a declivity_n for_o otherwise_o the_o soil_n will_v by_o this_o time_n have_v come_v to_o be_v of_o a_o very_a great_a depth_n which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v but_o shallow_a nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o so_o much_o as_o the_o trunk_n of_o fall_a tree_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v cover_v but_o rather_o that_o they_o sink_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n in_o time_n overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o without_o much_o difficulty_n yield_v be_v soak_v and_o soften_v by_o the_o rain_n insinuate_v into_o it_o and_o keep_v it_o continual_o most_o in_o wintertime_n but_o if_o these_o building_n be_v situate_a in_o valley_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o earth_n bring_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n by_o rain_n may_v serve_v to_o land_v they_o up_o again_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v raise_v near_o the_o sea_n coast_n by_o the_o continual_a blow_v up_o of_o sand_n by_o the_o wind_n this_o happen_v often_o in_o norfolk_n and_o in_o cornwall_n where_o i_o observe_v a_o fair_a church_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o parish_n call_v lalant_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n
the_o alps_o except_v the_o vallesian_n and_o sabaudian_n there_o be_v multitude_n of_o cow_n feed_v in_o summer_n time_n as_o i_o myself_o can_v witness_v have_v in_o my_o simple_a voyage_n on_o those_o of_o jura_n and_o saleve_n observe_v herd_n of_o cattle_n there_o and_o many_o dairy-house_n build_v where_o i_o have_v be_v more_o than_o once_o refresh_v by_o their_o milk_n and_o milk-meat_n nay_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o and_o those_o of_o the_o high_a summit_n of_o the_o alps_o that_o keep_v snow_n all_o summer_n and_o i_o be_v tell_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o one_o time_n or_o other_o in_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n space_n for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o come_v a_o summer_n that_o melt_v all_o the_o snow_n that_o lie_v on_o they_o too_o 7._o another_o great_a use_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o hill_n be_v for_o the_o generation_n and_o maintenance_n of_o river_n and_o fountain_n which_o in_o our_o hypothesis_n that_o all_o proceed_v from_o 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be_v very_o probable_a that_o these_o water_n descend_v by_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o apennine_n mountain_n which_o be_v about_o ten_o mile_n distant_a if_o such_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v by_o art_n why_o may_v they_o not_o also_o by_o nature_n nay_o that_o the_o like_a be_v do_v we_o find_v by_o experience_n in_o the_o lacus_n lugeus_n or_o zirchnitzer-sea_n in_o carniola_n which_o after_o it_o be_v empty_a of_o water_n run_v out_o at_o hole_n or_o pit_n in_o the_o bottom_n which_o it_o do_v yearly_a in_o the_o summer_n time_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n or_o july_n in_o the_o autumn_n when_o it_o rain_v moderate_o the_o water_n spout_v out_o of_o some_o of_o the_o forementioned_a pit_n two_o or_o three_o fathom_n perpendicular_o but_o when_o it_o rain_v very_o hard_a and_o long_o together_o especial_o with_o thunder_n than_o the_o water_n break_v forth_o with_o great_a force_n not_o only_o from_o the_o foresay_a pit_n but_o likewise_o at_o a_o thousand_o 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and_o why_o may_v we_o not_o what_o need_v this_o hesitancy_n and_o dubitation_n in_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v clear_a seem_v to_o be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o their_o ridge_n be_v place_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o continent_n may_v serve_v as_o it_o be_v alembic_n to_o distil_v fresh_a water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o their_o height_n to_o give_v a_o descent_n to_o those_o stream_n to_o run_v gentle_o like_o so_o many_o vein_n of_o the_o macrocosm_n to_o be_v the_o more_o beneficial_a to_o the_o creation_n but_o some_o may_v say_v grant_v there_o be_v some_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o moderate_a hill_n and_o rise_n what_o necessity_n be_v there_o of_o such_o extend_a ridge_n of_o vast_a and_o tower_a mountain_n hide_v their_o head_n among_o the_o cloud_n and_o seem_v for_o altitude_n to_o contend_v with_o the_o sky_n i_o answer_v there_o be_v very_o great_a use_n of_o they_o for_o repel_v the_o vapour_n exhale_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o hot_a region_n and_o hinder_v their_o evagation_n northward_o as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v and_o shall_v not_o repeat_v i_o may_v add_v hereto_o 8._o those_o long_a series_n and_o chain_n of_o mountain_n be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o boundary_n and_o limit_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n to_o secure_v they_o on_o those_o part_n from_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o enemy_n as_o for_o the_o rudeness_n and_o confusion_n of_o mountain_n their_o cragged_a and_o break_a rock_n and_o cliff_n and_o whatever_o other_o disorder_n there_o may_v be_v among_o they_o it_o may_v be_v account_v for_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o first_o generation_n and_o those_o other_o mutation_n they_o have_v be_v since_o obnoxious_a to_o by_o earthquake_n eruption_n of_o vulcano_n founder_v and_o fall_v in_o of_o their_o prop_n and_o
day_n and_o consequent_o no_o inconsiderable_a thing_n by_o the_o heaven_n or_o firmament_n in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o inferior_a region_n of_o the_o air_n wherein_o the_o fowl_n fly_v who_o gen._n 1._o 20._o be_v say_v to_o fly_v above_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o open_a firmament_n of_o heaven_n though_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o celestial_a region_n wherein_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o star_n be_v place_v 2._o the_o same_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v by_o reason_n ground_v upon_o experience_n i_o myself_o have_v observe_v a_o thunder-cloud_n in_o passage_n to_o have_v in_o less_o than_o two_o hour_n space_n pour_v down_o so_o much_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n as_o beside_o what_o sink_v into_o the_o parch_a and_o thirsty_a ground_n and_o fill_v all_o ditch_n and_o pond_n cause_v a_o considerable_a flood_n in_o the_o river_n set_v all_o the_o meadow_n on_o float_n and_n dr._n witty_a in_o his_o scarborough_n spa_n tell_v we_o of_o great_a spout_n of_o rain_n that_o ordinary_o fall_v every_o year_n some_o time_n or_o other_o in_o summer_n that_o set_v the_o whole_a country_n in_o a_o flood_n now_o have_v this_o cloud_n which_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v have_v move_v forty_o mile_n forward_o stand_v still_o and_o empty_v all_o its_o water_n upon_o the_o same_o spot_n of_o ground_n it_o first_o hang_v over_o what_o a_o sudden_a and_o incredible_a deluge_n will_v it_o have_v make_v there_o and_o yet_o what_o depth_n or_o thickness_n of_o vapour_n may_v remain_v uncondense_v in_o the_o air_n above_o this_o cloud_n who_o know_v now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o not_o only_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o dry_a land_n but_o also_o all_o that_o cover_v the_o whole_a ocean_n be_v charge_v with_o vapour_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o diffuse_a water_n all_o which_o be_v bring_v together_o by_o wind_n or_o what_o other_o mean_n seem_v good_a to_o god_n and_o cause_v to_o destil_n down_o in_o rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o you_o may_v easy_o guess_v that_o it_o be_v no_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o be_v supply_v this_o way_n in_o that_o it_o suffice_v for_o a_o rain_n that_o last_v forty_o natural_a day_n and_o that_o no_o ordinary_a rain_n neither_o but_o cataract_n or_o spout_n of_o water_n for_o so_o the_o septuagint_n interpret_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o cataract_n or_o spout_n of_o heaven_n be_v open_v i_o return_v now_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o mean_n of_o the_o deluge_n assign_v by_o the_o scripture_n and_o that_o be_v the_o break_n up_o of_o all_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a by_o the_o great_a deep_a in_o this_o place_n i_o suppose_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o subterraneous_a water_n which_o do_v and_o must_v necessary_o communicate_v with_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o caspian_a and_o some_o other_o sea_n receive_v into_o themselves_o many_o great_a river_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o visible_a outlet_n 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subterraneous_a passage_n be_v most_o likely_a because_o it_o receive_v so_o much_o above_o ground_n hence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o mediterranean_a spend_v more_o in_o vapour_n than_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n which_o be_v mr._n halley_n conclusion_n though_o in_o some_o of_o his_o premise_n or_o hypothesis_n he_o be_v i_o think_v mistake_v as_o 1._o in_o that_o he_o number_v the_o tiber_n among_o his_o nine_o great_a river_n each_o of_o which_o may_v yield_v ten_o time_n as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o thames_n whereas_o i_o question_v whether_o that_o yield_v once_o so_o much_o and_o whereas_o he_o pass_v by_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o river_n as_o small_a than_o it_o there_o be_v two_o that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o italy_n itself_o whereof_o the_o one_o viz._n the_o arnus_n on_o which_o florence_n and_o pisa_n stand_v seem_v to_o i_o not_o inferior_a in_o bigness_n to_o the_o tiber_n and_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o athesis_n on_o which_o verona_n stand_v i_o can_v not_o guess_v to_o be_v less_o than_o twice_o as_o big_a 2._o in_o that_o he_o think_v himself_o too_o liberal_a in_o allow_v these_o nine_o river_n to_o carry_v down_o each_o of_o they_o ten_o time_n so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o thames_n do_v whereas_o one_o of_o those_o nine_o and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o big_a neither_o viz._n the_o river_n po_n if_o ricciolus_n his_o hypothesis_n and_o calculation_n be_v good_a afford_v more_o water_n in_o a_o hour_n than_o mr._n halley_n suppose_v the_o thames_n to_o do_v in_o a_o day_n the_o hourly_a effusion_n of_o the_o po_n be_v rate_v at_o eighteen_o million_o of_o cubical_a pace_n by_o ricciolus_n whereas_o the_o daily_a one_o of_o the_o thames_n be_v compute_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o twenty_o five_o million_o three_o hundred_o forty_o four_o thousand_o cubical_a yard_n of_o water_n by_o mr._n halley_n but_o a_o geometrical_a pace_n contain_v five_o foot_n i._n e._n 1_o â—â—_o of_o a_o yard_n now_o if_o the_o po_n pour_v so_o much_o water_n hourly_o into_o the_o sea_n what_o then_o must_v the_o danow_n and_o the_o nile_n do_v each_o of_o which_o can_v i_o guess_v be_v less_o than_o trouble_n of_o the_o po._n tanais_n borysthenes_n and_o rhodanus_n may_v equal_v if_o not_o exceed_v it_o howbeit_o i_o can_v approve_v ricciolus_n his_o hypothesis_n judge_v they_o to_o be_v too_o excessive_a but_o do_v believe_v that_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a mr._n halley_n come_v near_o the_o truth_n sure_o enough_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o receipt_n from_o the_o river_n fall_v short_a of_o the_o expense_n in_o vapour_n though_o in_o part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v the_o euxine_a the_o receipt_n exceed_v as_o appear_v from_o that_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a current_n set_v outward_a from_o thence_o through_o the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n and_o hellespont_n but_o though_o the_o mediterranean_a do_v indeed_o evaporate_v more_o than_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n yet_o i_o believe_v the_o case_n 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see_v drop_n of_o water_n distil_v from_o it_o in_o a_o rainy_a season_n second_o it_o be_v well_o know_v and_o attest_v to_o i_o by_o the_o people_n at_o buxton_n when_o i_o be_v there_o that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o same_o pool_n hole_n after_o great_a and_o long_o continue_v rain_n a_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n do_v usual_o issue_v forth_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o must_v make_v its_o way_n through_o a_o good_a thickness_n of_o earth_n or_o rock_n before_o it_o can_v come_v in_o there_o three_o what_o become_v of_o all_o the_o water_n that_o fall_v on_o newmarket-heath_n and_o gogmagog_n hill_n i_o presume_v also_o salisbury-plain_a and_o the_o like_a spongy_a ground_n all_o winter_n long_o where_o we_o see_v very_o little_o run_v off_o any_o way_n it_o must_v needs_o sink_v into_o the_o ground_n more_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a four_o many_o well_n who_o spring_n lie_v at_o least_o twenty_o foot_n deep_a we_o find_v by_o experience_n do_v often_o fail_v in_o great_a drought_n in_o summer_n time_n five_o in_o coal_n delfs_n and_o other_o mine_n in_o wet_a wether_n the_o miner_n be_v many_o time_n drown_v out_o as_o they_o phrase_v it_o though_o no_o water_n run_v down_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o pit_n or_o shaft_n nay_o dr._n witty_a tell_v we_o in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o scarborow_n spa_n pag._n 105._o that_o after_o great_a inundation_n of_o rain_n the_o miner_n find_v the_o water_n frequent_o distil_v through_o the_o solid_a earth_n upon_o their_o head_n whereas_o in_o summer_n or_o dry_a season_n they_o find_v no_o interruption_n from_o thence_o at_o all_o further_o to_o confirm_v this_o particular_a i_o write_v to_o my_o honour_a friend_n sir_n thomas_n willughby_n baronet_n desire_v he_o to_o examine_v his_o collier_n concern_v it_o and_o send_v i_o word_n what_o report_v they_o make_v and_o from_o he_o receive_v this_o account_n if_o there_o be_v spring_n lie_v before_o you_o come_v at_o the_o 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but_o be_v of_o those_o spring_n we_o call_v fontes_n perennes_fw-la or_o at_o least_o be_v esteem_v so_o he_o instance_n also_o a_o parallel_n story_n out_o of_o heylin_fw-mi '_o be_v geography_n in_o the_o description_n of_o cyprus_n where_o the_o author_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a there_o be_v a_o exceed_a long_a drought_n there_o so_o as_o in_o thirty_o six_o year_n they_o have_v no_o rain_n insomuch_o as_o all_o the_o spring_n and_o torrent_n or_o river_n be_v dry_v up_o so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v the_o island_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a habitation_n for_o want_n of_o fresh_a water_n the_o second_o be_v p._n 84._o that_o in_o the_o wolds_n or_o down_n of_o yorkshire_n they_o have_v many_o spring_n break_v
out_o after_o great_a rain_n which_o they_o call_v gypsy_n which_o jet_n and_o spout_v up_o a_o great_a height_n neither_o be_v this_o eruption_n of_o spring_n after_o long_a rain_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a only_o to_o the_o wolds_n of_o yorkshire_n but_o common_a to_o other_o country_n also_o as_o dr._n baconica_n childrey_n witness_v in_o these_o word_n sometime_o there_o break_v out_o water_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o sudden_a land-flood_n out_o of_o certain_a stone_n that_o be_v like_o rock_n stand_v aloft_o in_o open_a field_n near_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n kynet_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v repute_v by_o the_o common_a people_n a_o forerunner_n of_o dearth_n that_o the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o spring_n in_o place_n where_o they_o use_v not_o always_o to_o run_v shall_v be_v a_o sign_n of_o dearth_n be_v no_o wonder_n for_o these_o unusual_a eruption_n which_o in_o kent_n we_o call_v nailbourn_v be_v cause_v by_o extreme_a glut_v of_o rain_n or_o last_a wet_a wether_n and_o never_o happen_v but_o in_o wet_a year_n witness_v the_o year_n 1648._o when_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o and_o to_o our_o purpose_n very_o remarkable_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1654._o several_a spring_n and_o rivulet_n be_v quite_o dry_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o precedent_n drought_n which_o rage_v most_o in_o 1651_o 1652_o and_o 1653._o as_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stour_n that_o rise_v near_o elham_n in_o kent_n and_o run_v through_o canterbury_n be_v dry_a for_o some_o miles_n space_n and_o the_o like_v happen_v to_o the_o stream_n that_o cross_v the_o roadway_n between_o sittingburn_n and_o canterbury_n at_o ospr_v near_o feversham_n which_o at_o other_o time_n run_v with_o a_o plentiful_a current_n but_o then_o whole_o fail_v so_o we_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o infrequent_a for_o new_a spring_n to_o break_v out_o in_o wet_a year_n and_o for_o old_a one_o to_o fail_v in_o great_a drought_n and_o strabo_n in_o his_o first_o book_n out_o of_o xanthus_n the_o lydian_a tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o artaxerxes_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o drought_n that_o river_n and_o lake_n and_o well_n of_o water_n fail_v and_o be_v dry_v up_o i_o can_v here_o also_o forbear_v to_o add_v the_o probable_a account_n he_o dr._n witty_a give_v of_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o spring-well_a on_o the_o castle-hill_n at_o scarborough_n at_o which_o i_o confess_v i_o be_v somewhat_o puzzle_v this_o well_o say_v he_o though_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rock_n not_o many_o yard_n deep_a and_o also_o upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cliff_n be_v doubtless_o supply_v by_o secret_a channel_n within_o the_o ground_n that_o convey_v the_o rain_n and_o shower_n into_o it_o be_v place_v on_o a_o dependent_a part_n of_o the_o rock_n near_o unto_o which_o there_o be_v also_o cellar_n under_o a_o old_a ruinate_a chapel_n which_o after_o a_o great_a rain_n be_v full_a of_o water_n but_o be_v dry_v up_o in_o a_o long_a drought_n as_o for_o what_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o river_n volgas_n pour_v out_o so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n as_o in_o a_o year_n time_n will_v make_v up_o a_o mass_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o the_o hourly_a effusion_n of_o the_o river_n po_n in_o italy_n which_o ricciolus_n have_v compute_v to_o amount_v to_o 18000000_o cubical_a pace_n of_o water_n whence_o a_o late_a learned_a writer_n have_v probable_o infer_v that_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o world_n together_o do_v daily_o discharge_v half_a a_o ocean_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v unsatisfied_a therewith_o i_o will_v not_o question_v their_o calculation_n but_o i_o suspect_v they_o be_v out_o in_o their_o hypothesis_n the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n edmund_n halley_n that_o spring_n and_o river_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o vapour_n condense_v on_o the_o side_n of_o mountain_n rather_o than_o unto_o rains_n i_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v very_o ingenious_a ground_v upon_o good_a observation_n and_o worthy_a of_o its_o author_n and_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v in_o part_n true_a in_o those_o hot_a country_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o near_o it_o where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n the_o vapour_n be_v more_o copious_o exhale_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o likely_a carry_v up_o high_a in_o the_o â—â—rm_n of_o vapour_n the_o inferior_a aâ—r_n at_o least_o be_v so_o charge_v with_o they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n so_o very_o moist_a that_o in_o some_o place_n their_o knife_n rust_v even_o in_o their_o pocket_n and_o in_o the_o night_n so_o very_o fresh_a and_o cold_a partly_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o night_n that_o expose_v the_o body_n to_o it_o cause_n cold_n and_o catarrh_n and_o be_v very_o dangerous_a whence_o also_o their_o dew_n be_v so_o great_a as_o in_o good_a measure_n to_o recompense_v the_o want_n of_o rain_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o plant_n as_o they_o do_v even_o in_o spain_n itself_o i_o shall_v first_o of_o all_o propose_v this_o opinion_n in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o author_n and_o then_o discourse_v a_o little_a upon_o it_o after_o he_o have_v enumerate_v many_o of_o the_o high_a ridge_n and_o tract_n of_o mountain_n in_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n he_o thus_o proceed_v each_o of_o which_o far_o surpass_v the_o usual_a height_n to_o which_o the_o aqueous_a vapour_n of_o themselves_o ascend_v and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o rarify_v as_o to_o retain_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o those_o vapour_n that_o shall_v be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o wind_n those_o vapour_n therefore_o that_o be_v raise_v copious_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v over_o the_o low_a land_n to_o those_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n be_v there_o compel_v by_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o air_n to_o mount_v up_o with_o it_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o the_o water_n present_o precipitate_v gleet_a down_o by_o the_o cranny_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o hill_n the_o water_n thereof_o gather_v as_o in_o a_o alembick_a into_o the_o basin_n of_o stone_n it_o find_v which_o be_v once_o fill_v all_o the_o overplus_n of_o water_n that_o come_v thither_o run_v over_o by_o the_o low_a place_n and_o break_v out_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n form_n single_a spring_n many_o of_o these_o run_v down_o by_o the_o valley_n or_o gut_n between_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o come_v to_o unite_v form_n little_a rivulet_n or_o brook_n many_o of_o these_o again_o meet_v in_o one_o common_a valley_n and_o gain_v the_o plain_a ground_n be_v grow_v less_o rapid_a become_v a_o river_n and_o many_o of_o these_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a channel_n make_v such_o stream_n as_o the_o rhine_n the_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o the_o danube_n which_o latter_a one_o will_v hardly_o think_v the_o collection_n of_o water_n condense_v out_o of_o vapour_n unless_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a a_o tract_n of_o ground_n that_o river_n drain_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o spring_n which_o break_v out_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o immense_a ridge_n of_o the_o alps_o which_o be_v one_o continue_a chain_n of_o mountain_n from_o switzerland_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o it_o may_v almost_o pass_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o river_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n it_o evacuate_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o length_n and_o height_n of_o the_o ridge_n from_o whence_o its_o fountain_n arise_v now_o this_o theory_n of_o spring_n be_v not_o a_o bare_a hypothesis_n but_o found_v on_o experience_n which_o it_o be_v my_o luck_n to_o gain_v in_o my_o abode_n at_o st._n helena_n where_o in_o the_o night_n time_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n about_o eight_o hundred_o yard_n above_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v so_o strange_a a_o condensation_n or_o rather_o precipitation_n of_o the_o vapour_n that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a impediment_n to_o my_o celestial_a observation_n for_o in_o the_o clear_a sky_n the_o dew_n will_v â—all_n â—o_o â—ait_o as_o to_o cover_v each_o half_a quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n my_o glass_n with_o little_a drop_n so_o that_o i_o be_v necessitate_v to_o wipe_v they_o off_o so_o often_o and_o my_o paper_n on_o which_o i_o write_v my_o observation_n will_v immediate_o be_v so_o wet_a with_o the_o dew_n that_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v ink_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v how_o fast_o the_o water_n gather_v in_o those_o mighty_a high_a ridge_n i_o but_o
number_n seem_v to_o increase_v for_o that_o be_v owe_v to_o rains_n wash_v away_o the_o intermediate_v earth_n but_o rather_o their_o consistence_n when_o they_o be_v on_o the_o superficies_n be_v tender_a and_o easy_o crumble_v into_o dust_n do_v demonstrate_v that_o their_o destruction_n begin_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o rain_n but_o to_o give_v these_o argument_n their_o due_n though_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a proof_n yet_o they_o infer_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o probability_n and_o shrewd_o urge_v and_o shake_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n the_o other_o argument_n the_o doctor_n allege_v admit_v a_o plausible_a solution_n except_v such_o as_o we_o have_v already_o touch_v and_o give_v as_o good_a a_o answer_n to_o as_o either_o the_o matter_n will_v admit_v or_o we_o be_v able_a to_o give_v to_o the_o first_o that_o there_o be_v find_v stone_n resemble_v shellfish_n that_o stick_v to_o rock_n i_o answer_v that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v by_o accident_n be_v rub_v off_o the_o rock_n they_o stick_v to_o or_o thrust_v off_o by_o bird_n insinuate_v their_o bill_n between_o the_o shell_n and_o rock_n to_o feed_v upon_o their_o meat_n but_o by_o what_o mean_v soever_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v sometime_o break_v off_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v certain_a for_o we_o find_v many_o patellae_fw-la cast_v upon_o the_o shore_n by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n why_o then_o may_v they_o not_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o the_o flood_n to_o the_o second_o why_o may_v not_o the_o bone_n of_o whale_n sea-horse_n all_o squamose_fw-la fish_n the_o great_a shell_n of_o the_o buccina_fw-la murices_fw-la conchae_fw-la veneris_fw-la and_o solenes_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o crustaceous_a kind_n as_o crab_n and_o lobster_n etc._n etc._n as_o well_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o and_o leave_v behind_o by_o the_o flood_n and_o afterward_o petrify_v as_o any_o of_o the_o testaceous_a kind_n i_o answer_v of_o the_o great_a 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to_o what_o concern_v the_o selenites_n astroite_n and_o belemnite_n we_o have_v answer_v already_o that_o the_o species_n of_o brontiae_fw-la can_v be_v the_o petrified_a shell_n of_o echini_n spatagi_n the_o argument_n the_o doctor_n allege_v out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o rondeletius_n do_v not_o evince_v for_o though_o in_o some_o sea_n they_o may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o in_o other_o be_v they_o plentiful_a enough_o in_o our_o own_o sea_n at_o llandwyn_n in_o the_o isse_fw-la of_o anglesey_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conjecture_v they_o be_v more_o plentiful_a than_o the_o common_a echini_n any_o where_o with_o we_o because_o we_o find_v more_o of_o their_o shell_n cast_v up_o there_o on_o the_o shore_n than_o of_o the_o echini_n in_o any_o shore_n about_o england_n nay_o so_o common_a be_v they_o there_o that_o even_o the_o vulgar_a have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o and_o impose_v a_o name_n upon_o they_o call_z they_o mermaid_n head_n and_o though_o their_o bristle_n or_o prickle_n be_v but_o small_a yet_o be_v they_o not_o few_o or_o thin_a set_n as_o rondeletius_n say_v how_o the_o snakestone_n about_o huntly-nab_n and_o whithy_a in_o yorkshire_n come_v to_o be_v include_v in_o globular_a or_o lenticular_a stone_n be_v not_o difficult_a to_o make_v out_o for_o the_o cliff_n thereabouts_o be_v allum-stone_n or_o i_o wherein_o these_o snakestone_n lie_v the_o sea_n in_o springtide_n and_o tempestuous_a wether_n undermine_v and_o throw_v down_o part_n of_o the_o shore_n or_o cliff_n which_o by_o the_o fall_n break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o ophiomorphus_fw-la stone_n be_v hard_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cliâ—â—_n be_v break_v off_o from_o it_o by_o the_o fall_n or_o its_o volutation_n in_o the_o sea_n afterward_o with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o cliff_n or_o allum-stone_n slick_v to_o each_o side_n of_o it_o where_o it_o be_v concave_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o figure_n and_o striae_fw-la can_v easy_o part_v from_o it_o last_o to_o dissemble_v nothing_o i_o have_v myself_o observe_v some_o cockle-stone_n to_o have_v seem_o different_a impression_n or_o striae_fw-la upon_o the_o same_o superficies_n which_o phaenomenon_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o i_o have_v also_o observe_v a_o large_a stone_n almost_o as_o hard_o as_o marble_n that_o be_v so_o mark_v every_o where_o throughout_o with_o the_o impression_n of_o cockle_n and_o their_o striae_fw-la so_o cross_v one_o another_o in_o every_o part_n of_o it_o that_o if_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o shell_n amass_v together_o by_o a_o stony_a cement_n those_o shell_n must_v have_v before_o their_o concretion_n be_v break_v into_o infinite_a small_a piece_n or_o fragment_n scarce_o any_o remain_v entire_a which_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o flood_n or_o work_v of_o the_o sea_n can_v possible_o effect_v so_o i_o have_v finish_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v this_o suppose_a effect_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o bring_n in_o of_o shell_n and_o scatter_v they_o all_o over_o the_o dry_a land_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v not_o dismiss_v this_o particular_a till_o i_o have_v say_v something_o to_o a_o objection_n that_o present_o occur_v to_o any_o one_o who_o consider_v this_o matter_n the_o water_n of_o the_o flood_n have_v be_v supply_v partly_o by_o rain_n partly_o by_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a and_o not_o by_o a_o irruption_n or_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n how_o can_v any_o sea-shell_n at_o all_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o great_a deep_a communicate_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o water_n rise_v up_o out_o of_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o sea_n must_v needs_o succeed_v else_o will_v there_o have_v be_v a_o empty_a space_n leave_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o shellfish_n may_v as_o well_o come_v in_o this_o way_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o a_o inundation_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o lake_n of_o carniola_n call_v the_o zirchnitzer_n sea_n do_v descend_v annual_o under_o ground_n through_o many_o great_a hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n and_o return_v again_o by_o the_o same_o hole_n to_o all_o this_o i_o may_v add_v that_o into_o the_o land_n near_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o low_a hill_n these_o shell_n may_v in_o part_n be_v bring_v by_o particular_a flood_n of_o which_o many_o we_o read_v of_o and_o more_o possible_o than_o be_v record_v in_o any_o history_n may_v have_v happen_v since_o the_o general_a deluge_n hence_o the_o chief_a champion_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o mock-shell_n be_v not_o difficult_a to_o grant_v that_o in_o some_o country_n and_o particular_o along_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n there_o may_v all_o manner_n of_o shell_n be_v find_v promiscuous_o include_v in_o the_o rock_n or_o earth_n and_o at_o good_a distance_n too_o from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o dr._n lister_n repeat_v and_o approve_v by_o dr._n plot._n but_o this_o will_v not_o serve_v their_o turn_n for_o we_o have_v before_o prove_v that_o in_o the_o middle_a part_n and_o near_o the_o centre_n of_o our_o own_o country_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n viz._n in_o oxfordshire_n there_o be_v find_v not_o only_o shell-like_a stone_n but_o real_a shell_n or_o mock-shell_n as_o some_o esteem_v they_o for_o figure_n colour_n weight_n consistency_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n not_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o true_a shell_n and_o that_o not_o such_o as_o have_v be_v accidental_o scatter_v there_o but_o dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o plenty_n and_o of_o fish_n that_o be_v rare_o find_v in_o our_o sea_n pattern_n whereof_o be_v send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n lloyd_n who_o i_o hope_v will_v ere_o long_o gratify_v the_o
curious_a by_o publish_v a_o general_a catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o form_v stone_n find_v in_o england_n and_o his_o remark_n upon_o they_o and_o i_o have_v likewise_o prove_v by_o good_a authority_n that_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o high_a mountain_n and_o many_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n too_o there_o have_v be_v bed_n of_o real_a shell_n i_o may_v have_v add_v sharks-teeth_n or_o glossopetrae_n as_o both_o goropius_n becanus_n and_o georgius_n agricola_n testify_v if_o not_o in_o bed_n yet_o plentiful_o disperse_v in_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v several_a medical_n history_n extant_a as_o dr._n tancred_n robinson_n inform_v i_o of_o perfect_a shell_n find_v in_o animal_n body_n in_o who_o gland_n they_o be_v original_o form_v which_o be_v a_o considerable_a objection_n not_o easy_o to_o be_v remove_v tab_n ii_o pag_n 162_o tab_n iii_o pag._n 162_o tab_n iv_o pag_n 162_o chap._n v._n that_o there_o have_v be_v great_a charge_n make_v in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n since_o the_o general_n deluge_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v i_o shall_v now_o discourse_v a_o little_a concern_v such_o change_n as_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n since_o the_o universal_a deluge_n and_o of_o their_o cause_n that_o there_o have_v be_v such_o i_o think_v no_o sober_a and_o intelligent_a person_n can_v deny_v there_o be_v so_o good_a authority_n and_o reason_n to_o prove_v it_o plato_n in_o his_o timaeus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n relate_v to_o solon_n the_o athenian_a lawgiver_n who_o live_v about_o 600_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n that_o there_o be_v of_o old_a time_n without_o the_o strait_o of_o gibraltar_n a_o vast_a island_n big_a than_o africa_n and_o asia_n together_o call_v atlantis_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o a_o violent_a earthquake_n and_o mighty_a flood_n and_o inundation_n of_o water_n in_o one_o day_n and_o night_n whole_o overwhelm_v and_o drown_v in_o the_o sea_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v conjecture_v that_o the_o old_a and_o new_a world_n be_v at_o first_o continuous_a or_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o that_o island_n not_o very_o far_o remote_a from_o each_o other_o that_o the_o island_n of_o sicily_n be_v of_o old_a break_v off_o from_o italy_n by_o the_o irruption_n or_o insinuation_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o believe_v and_o there_o be_v some_o memorial_n thereof_o retain_v in_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o city_n rhegium_n stand_v upon_o the_o fretum_n that_o separate_v italy_n and_o sicily_n which_o signify_v break_v off_o 15._o zancle_n quoque_fw-la juncta_fw-la fuisse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la italiae_fw-la donec_fw-la confinia_fw-la pontus_fw-la abstulit_fw-la &_o mediâ_fw-la tellurem_fw-la reppulit_fw-la undâ_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n the_o island_n call_v euboea_n now_o negroponte_n be_v of_o old_a join_v to_o greece_n and_o break_v off_o by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n moreover_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ceylon_n report_n that_o their_o island_n be_v ancient_o join_v to_o the_o main-land_n of_o india_n and_o separate_v from_o it_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v also_o think_v and_o there_o be_v good_a ground_n for_o it_o that_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n be_v ancient_o continuous_a with_o malacca_n and_o call_v the_o golden_a chersonese_n for_o be_v behold_v from_o afar_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o malacca_n and_o to_o come_v near_a home_n verstegan_n affirm_v and_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n that_o our_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v ancient_o continent_n to_o gaul_n and_o so_o no_o island_n but_o a_o peninsula_n and_o to_o have_v be_v break_v off_o from_o the_o continent_n but_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v in_o his_o judgement_n altogether_o uncertain_a whether_o by_o some_o great_a earthquake_n whereby_o the_o sea_n first_o break_v through_o might_n afterward_o by_o little_a and_o little_o enlarge_v her_o passage_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o labour_n of_o man_n in_o regard_n of_o commodity_n by_o that_o passage_n or_o whether_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o by_o occasion_n of_o war_n do_v cut_v it_o thereby_o to_o be_v sequester_v and_o free_v from_o their_o enemy_n his_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v former_o unite_v to_o france_n be_v 1._o the_o cliff_n on_o either_o side_n the_o sea_n lie_v just_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o that_o be_v those_o of_o dover_n to_o those_o lie_v between_o calais_n and_o bouloin_n for_o from_o dover_n to_o calais_n be_v not_o the_o near_a land_n be_v both_o of_o one_o substance_n that_o be_v of_o chalk_n and_o flint_n 2._o the_o side_n of_o both_o towards_o the_o sea_n plain_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v break_v off_o from_o some_o more_o of_o the_o same_o stuff_n or_o matter_n that_o it_o have_v sometime_o by_o nature_n be_v fasten_v to_o 3._o the_o length_n of_o the_o say_a cliff_n along_o the_o seashore_n be_v on_o one_o side_n answerable_a in_o 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considerable_a and_o remarkable_a mutation_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v on_o the_o seacoast_n either_o by_o carry_v on_o the_o land_n into_o the_o lea_n and_o atterrate_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o by_o drown_v the_o land_n near_o the_o sea_n by_o eruption_n and_o inundation_n thereof_o or_o undermine_v or_o wash_v away_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o change_n by_o atterration_n or_o make_v the_o sea_n dry_a land_n we_o have_v a_o eminent_a instance_n in_o the_o dutch_a netherlands_o which_o i_o easy_o consent_v with_o verstegan_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v even_o and_o plain_a without_o any_o hill_n have_v undouted_o heretofore_o in_o time_n long_o pass_v be_v sea_n as_o appear_v 1._o from_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o situation_n some_o of_o the_o more_o maritime_a part_n of_o they_o as_o zealand_n and_o holland_n and_o part_n of_o flanders_n be_v so_o low_o that_o by_o breach_n or_o cut_v of_o the_o sand_n banks_n or_o down_n which_o the_o sea_n by_o little_a and_o little_o have_v cast_v up_o and_o the_o labour_n of_o man_n here_o and_o there_o supply_v may_v easy_o be_v drown_v and_o convert_v into_o sea_n again_o and_o of_o the_o great_a harm_n that_o these_o part_n have_v heretofore_o by_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o sea_n sustain_v but_o now_o not_o only_o those_o low_a place_n that_o adjoyn_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o holland_n and_o zealand_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n though_o they_o lie_v not_o so_o low_a as_o they_o but_o of_o such_o height_n as_o no_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n can_v any_o whit_n annoy_v they_o though_o the_o sand-bank_n and_o down_n on_o the_o seaside_n be_v never_o so_o much_o break_v or_o cut_v through_o yet_o be_v they_o as_o even_o and_o level_a as_o even_o holland_n and_o zealand_n themselves_o which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a demonstration_n that_o they_o be_v once_o cover_v with_o water_n for_o that_o water_n will_v thus_o level_v ground_n 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be_v because_o those_o part_n have_v be_v in_o time_n long_o past_a part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a of_o brabant_n and_o flanders_n the_o flat_n or_o shore_n and_o on_o the_o flat_n and_o not_o in_o the_o depth_n such_o kind_n of_o shellfish_n be_v natural_o nourish_v this_o be_v a_o very_a plausible_a account_n but_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v by_o experience_n find_v that_o if_o you_o dig_v deep_a enough_o even_o in_o holland_n itself_o after_o many_o floor_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o earth_n you_o will_v at_o last_o come_v to_o bed_n of_o shell_n for_o varenius_n tell_v we_o that_o sink_v a_o well_o in_o amsterdam_n after_o many_o bed_n or_o layer_n of_o earth_n sand_n turf_n etc._n etc._n at_o a_o hundred_o foot_n depth_n they_o come_v to_o a_o bed_n of_o sea-sand_n mix_v with_o cockle-shell_n of_o four_o foot_n thickness_n which_o doubtless_o be_v of_o old_a time_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o other_o bed_n above_o it_o be_v bring_v down_o partly_o by_o flood_n subside_v and_o settle_v there_o partly_o by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n spread_v bed_n of_o sand_n upon_o the_o layer_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o interchangeable_o but_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o however_o deep_a the_o sea_n be_v thereabouts_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o too_o deep_a to_o breed_v or_o harbour_v shellfish_n another_o great_a instance_n of_o change_n make_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o atterration_n be_v in_o our_o own_o country_n the_o great_a level_n of_o the_o fen_n run_v through_o holland_n in_o lincolnshire_n the_o isle_n of_o ely_n in_o cambridgeshire_n and_o marshland_n in_o norfolk_n which_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o atterrate_v by_o land_n bring_v down_o by_o flood_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n seem_v to_o i_o evident_a in_o that_o it_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o that_o there_o be_v thereabouts_o a_o concurrence_n of_o many_o 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may_v cast_v they_o at_o the_o ligurian_a army_n and_o thereby_o break_v and_o scatter_v it_o posidonius_n think_v it_o be_v once_o a_o lake_n which_o by_o fluctuation_n dry_v up_o and_o so_o the_o stone_n come_v to_o be_v equal_o disperse_v over_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a thing_n be_v clear_a have_v its_o original_n in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n before_o any_o memoirs_fw-fr of_o true_a history_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n such_o a_o kind_n of_o place_n as_o it_o be_v in_o strabo_n time_n it_o appear_v so_o evident_o to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v view_v and_o consider_v it_o to_o have_v be_v once_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o its_o be_v exact_o level_a and_o strew_v all_o over_o with_o stone_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o many_o place_n to_o be_v that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o it_o the_o river_n arnus_n in_o tuscany_n now_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n six_o mile_n below_o pisa_n whereby_o it_o appear_v say_v dr._n hakewil_n that_o the_o land_n have_v gain_v much_o upon_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o coast_n for_o that_o strabo_n in_o his_o time_n report_v it_o be_v but_o twenty_o furlong_n that_o be_v but_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a distant_a from_o the_o sea_n i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v many_o other_o instance_n of_o atterration_n out_o of_o strabo_n in_o his_o first_o book_n as_o about_o the_o outlet_n of_o ister_n the_o place_n call_v stethe_fw-mi and_o the_o desert_n of_o scythia_n about_o those_o of_o phasis_n the_o sea-coast_n of_o colchis_n which_o be_v sandy_a and_o low_a and_o soft_a about_o thermodon_n and_o iris_n all_o themiscyra_n the_o plain_a of_o the_o amazon_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o sidene_n
to_o omit_v the_o whole_a land_n of_o egypt_n which_o probable_o be_v cover_v original_o with_o the_o sea_n and_o raise_v up_o by_o the_o mud_n and_o silt_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o nile_n in_o its_o annual_a flood_n subside_v there_o as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v afterward_o moreover_o varenius_n rational_o conjecture_n that_o all_o china_n or_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v original_o thus_o raise_v up_o and_o atterrate_v have_v be_v ancient_o cover_v with_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o that_o great_a and_o impetuous_a river_n call_v the_o yellow_a or_o saffron_n river_n come_v out_o of_o tartary_n and_o very_o often_o though_o not_o at_o anniversary_n season_n overflow_a the_o country_n of_o china_n be_v say_v to_o contain_v in_o it_o so_o much_o earth_n and_o sand_n as_o make_v up_o a_o three_o part_n of_o its_o water_n the_o evenness_n and_o level_a superficies_n of_o this_o whole_a country_n of_o china_n render_v this_o conjecture_n the_o more_o probable_a in_o fine_a the_o like_a atterration_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v make_v about_o the_o mouth_n of_o indus_n and_o ganges_n in_o the_o east-indies_n and_o the_o river_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o america_n and_o the_o rhodanus_n in_o france_n and_o doubtless_o most_v other_o great_a river_n throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o all_o which_o if_o we_o add_v the_o spacious_a plain_n that_o be_v on_o each_o side_n most_o great_a river_n from_o their_o mouth_n many_o mile_n up_o their_o channel_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o thames_n and_o trent_n in_o england_n which_o probable_o be_v at_o first_o sinuse_n of_o the_o sea_n land_v up_o by_o earth_n bring_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n and_o upper_a ground_n in_o time_n of_o flood_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o in_o this_o respect_n there_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a change_n make_v in_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n the_o dry_a land_n much_o enlarge_v and_o the_o sea_n straighten_a and_o cut_v short_a but_o you_o will_v say_v have_v there_o be_v no_o compensation_n make_v for_o all_o this_o have_v not_o the_o sea_n otherwhere_a gain_v as_o much_o as_o it_o have_v lose_v about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n if_o not_o than_o the_o sea_n will_v in_o time_n be_v so_o far_o land_v up_o or_o straighten_a till_o it_o be_v compel_v to_o return_v again_o and_o overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o where_o the_o shore_n be_v earthy_a or_o argillaceous_a or_o gravelly_a or_o make_v of_o any_o crumble_a and_o friable_a matter_n the_o sea_n do_v undermine_v and_o subvert_v they_o and_o gain_v upon_o the_o land_n which_o i_o can_v prove_v by_o many_o instance_n some_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v afterward_o touch_v but_o whether_o the_o sea_n do_v in_o these_o place_n gain_v proportionable_o to_o what_o it_o lose_v in_o the_o forementioned_a according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a proverb_n be_v to_o i_o some_o what_o questionable_a to_o proceed_v now_o to_o discourse_v a_o little_a concern_v the_o change_n that_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o eruption_n and_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o by_o its_o undermine_a and_o wash_v away_o the_o shore_n that_o there_o have_v be_v of_o old_a great_a flood_n and_o much_o land_n lay_v under_o water_n by_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v clear_a many_o such_o be_v record_v in_o history_n the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o next_o to_o the_o general_a deluge_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n viz._n that_o of_o ogyges_n king_n of_o boetia_n or_o rather_o attica_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o this_o nature_n so_o do_v that_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o achaia_n in_o peloponnesus_n wherein_o the_o city_n of_o bura_n and_o helice_n be_v overwhelm_v and_o lay_v under_o water_n cambden_n out_o of_o gyraldus_n report_n that_o ancient_o a_o great_a part_n of_o pembrokeshire_n run_v out_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o promontory_n towards_o ireland_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o speech_n of_o king_n william_n rufus_n that_o he_o can_v easy_o 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in_o his_o survey_n of_o cornwall_n affirm_v that_o the_o sea_n have_v raven_v from_o that_o shire_n the_o whole_a county_n of_o lioness_n and_o that_o such_o a_o county_n there_o be_v he_o very_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o many_o strong_a reason_n camden_n in_o his_o britannia_n report_v out_o of_o ancient_a record_n that_o upon_o the_o kentish_a coast_n not_o far_o from_o thanet_n be_v a_o sandy_a dangerous_a place_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v goodwyn_n sand_n where_o a_o island_n be_v the_o patrimony_n of_o earl_n goodwin_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o year_n 1097._o but_o the_o great_a change_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v if_o it_o be_v true_a be_v the_o submersion_n of_o the_o vast_a island_n oâ—_n atlantis_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v as_o for_o the_o change_n that_o have_v be_v make_v by_o undermine_v and_o wash_v away_o the_o shore_n they_o have_v be_v partly_o the_o diminish_n of_o the_o land_n and_o partly_o the_o raise_n up_o of_o 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subside_v or_o settle_v continual_o for_o some_o age_n at_o last_o the_o heap_n ascend_v up_o to_o the_o very_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o become_v island_n hence_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n there_o be_v no_o island_n or_o but_o a_o very_a few_o because_o those_o part_n be_v too_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n for_o any_o earth_n wash_v from_o thence_o to_o be_v carry_v thither_o and_o if_o it_o be_v yet_o the_o sea_n thereabouts_o be_v too_o deep_a to_o have_v any_o heap_n raise_v in_o it_o so_o high_a beside_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n in_o those_o depth_n be_v there_o earth_n enough_o will_v overthrow_v any_o heap_n before_o it_o can_v be_v advance_v any_o thing_n near_o the_o top_n but_o all_o island_n in_o general_a a_o very_a few_o except_v be_v about_o the_o shore_n or_o not_o far_o from_o the_o shore_n
lightning_n the_o fume_n contain_v in_o the_o cloud_n which_o my_o honour_a friend_n dr._n martin_n lyster_n suppose_v and_o prove_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o breath_n of_o the_o pyrite_n encounter_v with_o the_o vapour_n of_o water_n there_o may_v very_o likely_a by_o the_o concourse_n and_o conflict_n of_o these_o two_o be_v produce_v first_o a_o great_a heat_n and_o afterward_o a_o actual_a fire_n as_o for_o thunder_n after_o the_o steam_v enclose_v in_o the_o cloud_n be_v once_o inflame_v i_o conceive_v the_o fire_n go_v not_o out_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tempest_n but_o when_o the_o inflame_a matter_n be_v so_o much_o dilate_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cloud_n can_v contain_v it_o it_o rend_v the_o cloud_n and_o force_n its_o way_n through_o where_o it_o be_v most_o yield_a so_o much_o of_o the_o fire_n escape_v at_o the_o breach_n till_o the_o cloud_n overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o remainder_n and_o close_v itself_o again_o and_o continue_v 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gunpowder_n the_o succussion_n come_v unexpected_o without_o any_o notice-giving_a and_o be_v also_o very_o transient_a and_o of_o short_a continuance_n i_o mean_v earthquake_n where_o there_o be_v no_o eructation_n of_o fire_n such_o as_o we_o in_o england_n be_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o damp_n which_o some_o call_v a_o fire-damp_n or_o fulminating-damp_n of_o which_o i_o have_v the_o first_o notice_n from_o my_o honour_a friend_n francis_n jessop_n esq_n an._n 1668._o whereof_o i_o find_v a_o relation_n since_o communicate_v by_o he_o in_o a_o letter_n to_o dr._n lister_n publish_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n numb_a 117._o and_o a_o further_a account_n from_o he_o in_o answer_n to_o some_o query_n propose_v by_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyl_n in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n numb_a 119._o wherein_o he_o write_v that_o this_o sort_n of_o damp_n present_o take_v fire_n at_o the_o touch_n of_o a_o light_a candle_n or_o other_o flame_a matter_n and_o fly_v out_o 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the_o matter_n be_v with_o their_o candle_n in_o their_o hand_n which_o be_v twice_o extinguish_v but_o hold_v upon_o the_o three_o light_v they_o see_v nothing_o but_o meet_v with_o a_o intolerable_a stench_n of_o brimstone_n and_o a_o heat_n as_o scald_a as_o a_o oven_n half-heated_n which_o make_v they_o glad_a speedy_o to_o quit_v the_o place_n a_o three_o at_o the_o same_o place_n meet_v with_o the_o same_o accident_n and_o he_o forementioned_a person_n happen_v then_o to_o stand_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o fire_a bink_n be_v shoot_v forth_o about_o two_o or_o three_o yard_n and_o have_v his_o head_n break_v and_o boyd_v bruise_v against_o the_o further_a side_n the_o same_o also_o a_o three_o time_n incur_v the_o like_a disaster_n that_o it_o shoot_v off_o the_o turn_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pit_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n that_o they_o can_v perceive_v no_o smell_n before_o the_o fire_n but_o afterward_o a_o very_a strong_a one_o of_o brimstone_n that_o the_o damp_n hang_v about_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bink_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v forâ—ed_v to_o go_v with_o their_o candle_n very_o low_a else_o it_o will_v have_v take_v fire_n that_o the_o flame_n will_v continue_v in_o the_o vault_n two_o or_o three_o minute_n sometime_o more_o after_o the_o crack_n that_o he_o can_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o damp_n that_o kindle_v of_o themselves_o that_o from_o the_o break_n of_o these_o fulminating-damps_a proceed_v a_o black_a smoke_n of_o the_o smell_n and_o colour_n of_o that_o from_o gunpower_v fire_v this_o sort_n of_o fire-damp_n mr._n beaumond_n tell_v we_o they_o have_v also_o in_o some_o coal-work_n border_v on_o mendip_n hill_n see_v philosoph_n collect_v 1._o and_o mr._n george_n sinclair_n in_o a_o land_n call_v werdy_o west_n of_o leith_n which_o even_o in_o the_o daytime_n be_v sometime_o see_v in_o coal-work_n in_o little_a hole_n shine_v like_o kindle_a sulphur_n but_o the_o most_o strange_a fire-damp_n be_v that_o which_o happen_v at_o mostyn_n in_o flintshire_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o that_o at_o wingersworth_n 1675._o which_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o collier_n be_v scant_v of_o air_n appear_v in_o the_o creviss_n or_o slit_v of_o the_o coal_n where_o water_n have_v be_v before_o in_o a_o small_a bluish_a flame_n flash_v and_o dart_v like_o sword-blade_n from_o side_n to_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n and_o be_v kindle_v have_v the_o same_o and_o more_o violent_a effect_n than_o those_o of_o hasleberg_n or_o wingersworth_n leave_v a_o foul_a ill-sented_n smoke_n behind_o it_o in_o the_o last_o there_o mention_v philosoph_v 〈◊〉_d numb_a 136._o fire_n of_o it_o by_o one_o who_o can_v indiscreet_o with_o his_o candle_n over_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o damp_n pit_n it_o fly_v to_o and_o fro_o over_o all_o the_o hollow_n of_o the_o work_n with_o a_o great_a wind_n and_o mighty_a roar_n tear_v the_o man_n clothes_n from_o their_o back_n findging_fw-mi and_o 〈…〉_z as_o also_o their_o hair_n and_o skin_n 〈…〉_z of_o they_o 1â—_n or_o 16_o yard_n from_o 〈…〉_z beat_v they_o against_o the_o 〈…〉_z coal_n and_o the_o post_n as_o it_o draw_v 〈…〉_z it_o catch_v one_o that_o be_v 〈…〉_z along_o with_o it_o and_o up_o it_o come_v 〈…〉_z out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o 〈…〉_z a_o terrible_a crack_n not_o unlike_a but_o 〈…〉_z then_o a_o cannon_n so_o that_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d fiâ—teen_o mile_n off_o the_o man_n body_n 〈…〉_z thing_n from_o the_o pit_n be_v see_v in_o 〈…〉_z above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a tree_n 〈◊〉_d grow_v on_o the_o â—row_n of_o the_o hill_n eighteen_o yard_n above_o the_o pit_n more_o than_o 100_o 〈◊〉_d the_o barrel_n of_o a_o horse_n engine_n for_o 〈◊〉_d up_o the_o rope_n of_o above_o 1000_o pound_n weight_n though_o fasten_v to_o the_o frame_n with_o lock_n and_o bolt_n of_o iron_n together_o with_o the_o bucket_n and_o rope_n be_v throw_v up_o and_o carry_v a_o good_a way_n from_o the_o pit_n and_o piece_n tear_v off_o from_o it_o scatter_v about_o the_o wood_n and_o last_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o engine_n move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n the_o whole_a relation_n deserve_v well_o to_o be_v read_v that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o strange_a and_o romantic_a be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o damp_n that_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o live_a thing_n it_o shall_v fly_v up_o with_o a_o long_a sharp_a flame_n to_o ligh_v candle_n set_v over_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o pit_n and_o put_v they_o out_o and_o yet_o mr._n jessop_n also_o mention_n a_o like_a motion_n in_o that_o of_o wingersworth_n for_o of_o say_v he_o in_o the_o bink_v where_o it_o be_v they_o hold_v their_o candle_n any_o high_a than_o ordinary_a they_o can_v see_v the_o damp_n which_o lie_v near_o the_o roof_n to_o descend_v like_o a_o black_a mist_n
town_n who_o retire_v thither_o perish_v there_o with_o many_o other_o person_n there_o remain_v only_o one_o abbey_n and_o about_o fifty_o house_n and_o those_o so_o shatter_a that_o they_o fall_v one_o after_o another_o there_o be_v about_o six_o hundred_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n drown_v the_o rest_n be_v abroad_o in_o the_o field_n gather_v their_o silk_n flee_v to_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o suffer_v very_o much_o for_o want_v of_o provision_n the_o good_n tree_n stone_n sand_n and_o other_o rubbish_n which_o the_o water_n carry_v away_o be_v in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o they_o make_v a_o bank_n above_o the_o water_n two_o mile_n in_o length_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n where_o before_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o deep_a this_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o that_o part_n of_o sicily_n call_v the_o valley_n of_o demona_fw-la on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n tortorica_fw-la about_o five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n from_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n the_o town_n of_o 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extend_v some_o mile_n and_o drown_v whole_a country_n the_o ordinary_a rain_n contribute_v something_o to_o the_o daily_a diminution_n of_o the_o mountain_n fill_v up_o of_o the_o valley_n and_o atterrate_v the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o extraordinary_a rain_n cause_v great_a flood_n and_o deluge_n have_v more_o visible_a and_o remarkable_a influence_n upon_o such_o mutation_n do_v that_o in_o a_o few_o day_n which_o the_o ordinary_a wether_n can_v not_o effect_v it_o may_v be_v in_o a_o hundred_o year_n in_o all_o these_o change_v the_o wind_n have_v a_o great_a interest_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o cloud_n be_v whole_o owe_v to_o they_o and_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n also_o the_o overflowing_n and_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n whatever_o change_n have_v be_v wrought_v by_o earthquake_n thunder_n and_o eruption_n of_o vulcano_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n all_o these_o cause_n cooperate_v towards_o the_o lower_a of_o the_o mountain_n level_v of_o the_o earth_n 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to_o this_o effect_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o deny_v that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o inclinable_a so_o to_o think_v because_o the_o world_n do_v not_o in_o any_o degree_n proceed_v so_o fast_o towards_o this_o period_n as_o the_o force_n and_o agency_n of_o all_o these_o cause_n together_o seem_v to_o require_v for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o oracle_n predict_v the_o carry_n on_o the_o shore_n of_o cilicia_n as_o far_o as_o cyprus_n by_o the_o earth_n and_o mud_n that_o the_o turbid_v river_n pyramus_n shall_v bring_v down_o and_o let_v fall_v in_o the_o interjacent_a strait_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v fill_v up_o that_o there_o have_v not_o any_o considerable_a progress_n be_v make_v towards_o it_o so_o far_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v or_o read_v in_o these_o 2000_o year_n and_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o long_o the_o world_n last_v the_o few_o concussion_n and_o
the_o steep_a rock_n of_o any_o mountain_n i_o have_v see_v and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o their_o high_a cliff_n but_o also_o in_o most_o of_o their_o other_o crag_n till_o you_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a valley_n this_o i_o can_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o rain_n and_o snow_n which_o fall_n on_o those_o high_a mountain_n i_o think_v in_o ten_o time_n the_o quantity_n they_o do_v on_o the_o low_a hill_n and_o valley_n 2._o i_o have_v observe_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o the_o chip_n or_o paring_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o of_o these_o cliff_n to_o lie_v in_o vast_a heap_n at_o the_o root_n of_o they_o and_o these_o be_v of_o several_a sort_n and_o material_n be_v in_o some_o place_n cover_v with_o grass_n and_o in_o other_o as_o bare_a as_o the_o seashore_n and_o those_o bare_a place_n do_v consist_v sometime_o of_o gravel_n and_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o rock-fragment_n from_o a_o pound_n weight_n to_o twenty_o etc._n etc._n and_o be_v sometime_o compose_v of_o huge_a stone_n from_o a_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n to_o several_a tun_n 3._o in_o the_o valley_n of_o lhanbery_n and_o nant-phrankon_a the_o people_n find_v it_o necessary_a to_o rid_v their_o ground_n often_o of_o the_o stone_n which_o the_o mountain_n flood_n bring_v down_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o care_n they_o often_o lose_v considerable_a parcel_n of_o land_n 4._o i_o affirm_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v not_o only_o such_o mountain_n as_o consist_v of_o much_o earth_n and_o small_a stone_n or_o of_o soft_a rock_n and_o such_o as_o be_v more_o easy_o dissoluble_a be_v thus_o waste_v but_o also_o the_o hard_a rock_n in_o wales_n and_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o weighty_a and_o of_o as_o firm_a and_o close_o a_o texture_n as_o marble_n itself_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o valley_n of_o nant-phrancon_a anno_fw-la 1685._o that_o part_n of_o a_o rock_n of_o one_o of_o the_o impendent_a cliff_n call_v 〈…〉_z become_v so_o undermine_v doubtless_o by_o the_o continual_a rain_n and_o subterraneous_a â—eins_n of_o water_n occasion_v by_o they_o that_o lose_v its_o hold_n it_o fall_v down_o in_o several_a piece_n and_o in_o its_o passage_n down_o a_o sleep_n and_o craggy_a cliff_n dislodge_v thousand_o of_o other_o stone_n whereof_o many_o be_v intercept_v ere_o they_o come_v down_o to_o the_o valley_n but_o as_o much_o come_v down_o as_o ruin_v a_o small_a piece_n of_o ground_n and_o several_a stone_n be_v scatter_v at_o least_o 200_o yard_n asunder_o in_o this_o accident_n one_o great_a stone_n the_o big_a remain_v piece_n of_o the_o break_a rock_n make_v such_o a_o trench_n in_o its_o descent_n as_o the_o small_a mountain_n rill_n common_o run_v in_o and_o when_o it_o come_v down_o to_o the_o plain_a ground_n it_o continue_v its_o passage_n through_o a_o small_a meadow_n and_o a_o considerable_a brook_n and_o lodge_v itself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o from_o hence_o i_o gather_v that_o all_o the_o other_o vast_a stone_n that_o lie_v in_o our_o mountainous_a valley_n have_v by_o such_o accident_n as_o this_o fall_v down_o unless_o perhaps_o we_o may_v do_v better_a to_o refer_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o universal_a deluge_n for_o consider_v there_o be_v some_o thousand_o of_o they_o in_o these_o two_o valley_n of_o lhanbery_n and_o nant-phranâ—on_a whereof_o for_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v there_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o that_o have_v fall_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o any_o man_n now_o live_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o allow_v the_o rest_n many_o thousand_o of_o year_n more_o than_o the_o age_n of_o the_o world_n so_o far_o mr._n lloyd_n to_o this_o last_o particular_a and_o for_o a_o further_a account_n of_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o sometime_o there_o happen_v strange_a and_o violent_a storm_n and_o hurricane_n wherein_o the_o rain_n be_v drive_v with_o that_o source_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o furious_a and_o tempestuous_a wind_n as_o to_o do_v more_o execution_n upon_o they_o by_o break_v in_o piece_n tear_v and_o throw_v down_o rock_n and_o stone_n in_o a_o few_o day_n then_o in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n by_o the_o usual_a wether_n be_v effect_v in_o many_o hundred_o year_n 2._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o earth_n thus_o wash_v off_o the_o mountain_n by_o shot_n of_o rain_n and_o carry_v down_o with_o the_o flood_n to_o the_o sea_n about_o the_o outlet_n of_o the_o river_n where_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n cease_v settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o raise_v it_o up_o by_o degree_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o land_n continual_o gain_v upon_o and_o drive_v back_o the_o sea_n the_o egyptian_a pharos_n or_o light-house_n of_o old_a time_n stand_v in_o a_o island_n a_o good_a distance_n from_o land_n which_o be_v now_o join_v to_o the_o continent_n the_o interjacent_a fretum_n have_v be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o silt_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n nilus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o flood_n subside_v there_o indeed_o the_o ancient_a historian_n do_v true_o make_v the_o whole_a land_n of_o egypt_n to_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o gift_n of_o the_o river_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n seneca_n in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o nat._n quest._n chap._n 26._o give_v this_o account_n aegyptus_n ex_fw-la limo_fw-la tota_fw-la concrevit_fw-la tantum_n enim_fw-la si_fw-la homero_n fides_fw-la aberat_fw-la à _fw-la continenti_fw-la pharos_n quantum_fw-la navis_fw-la diurno_fw-la cursu_fw-la metiri_fw-la plenis_fw-la lata_fw-la velis_fw-la potest_fw-la sed_fw-la continenti_fw-la admota_fw-la est_fw-la turbidus_fw-la enim_fw-la defluens_fw-la nilus_n multumque_fw-la secum_fw-la limum_fw-la trahens_fw-la &_o eum_fw-la subinde_fw-la apponens_fw-la prioribus_fw-la terris_fw-la aegyptum_fw-la annuo_fw-la incremento_fw-la semper_fw-la ultra_fw-la tulit_fw-la ind_n pinguis_fw-la &_o limosi_fw-la soli_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la ulla_fw-la intervalla_fw-la in_o se_fw-la habet_fw-la sed_fw-la crevit_fw-la in_o solidum_fw-la arescente_fw-la limo_fw-la quo_fw-la pressa_fw-la erat_fw-la &_o cedens_fw-la structura_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v all_o egypt_n be_v but_o a_o concretion_n of_o mud._n for_o if_o homer_n may_v be_v believe_v the_o pharos_n be_v as_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o continent_n as_o a_o ship_n with_o full_a sail_n can_v run_v in_o a_o day_n time_n but_o now_o it_o be_v join_v to_o it_o for_o nilus_n flow_v with_o trouble_a water_n bring_v down_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o mud_n and_o silt_n and_o add_v it_o to_o the_o old_a land_n carry_v on_o egypt_n further_o and_o further_a still_o by_o a_o annual_a increase_n hence_o it_o be_v of_o a_o fat_a and_o muddy_a soil_n and_o have_v no_o pore_n or_o cavity_n in_o it_o and_o this_o reason_n he_o give_v why_o it_o be_v not_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n which_o also_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o have_v no_o fresh_a spring_n and_o fountain_n for_o though_o indeed_o dr._n robinson_n do_v very_o probable_o impute_v its_o want_n of_o rain_n and_o spring_n to_o the_o want_n of_o mountain_n yet_o because_o as_o we_o shall_v afterward_o prove_v spring_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o mountain_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o all_o mountain_n be_v so_o far_o remote_a from_o egypt_n as_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o subterraneous_a channel_n of_o that_o length_n as_o to_o derive_v the_o water_n even_o thither_o from_o they_o and_o therefore_o probable_o one_o reason_n of_o their_o want_v of_o spring_n may_v be_v the_o density_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o soil_n whereby_o it_o become_v impenetrable_a to_o the_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v shall_v they_o use_v the_o same_o artifices_fw-la there_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o low_a austria_n and_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o modena_n and_o bologna_n in_o italy_n do_v that_o be_v dig_v and_o bore_v quite_o through_o this_o coat_n of_o mud_n till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o sand_n or_o loose_a earth_n they_o may_v in_o like_a manner_n procure_v themselves_o fountain_n of_o spring_a water_n thus_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a river_n po_n athesis_n brenta_n and_o other_o which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o lagune_n or_o shallow_n about_o venice_n in_o italy_n and_o in_o time_n of_o flood_n bring_v down_o thither_o great_a store_n of_o earth_n those_o lagune_n be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v in_o time_n atterrate_v and_o with_o the_o city_n situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o of_o they_o add_v to_o the_o firm_a land_n they_o be_v already_o bare_a at_o every_o ebb_n only_a channel_n maintain_v from_o all_o the_o neighbour_a place_n to_o the_o city_n not_o without_o considerable_a charge_n to_o the_o state_n in_o engine_n and_o labourer_n in_o some_o place_n to_o clear_v they_o of_o the_o mud_n
wherewith_o otherwise_o they_o will_v endanger_v to_o be_v obstruct_v and_o choke_v up_o which_o engine_n they_o call_v cava-fango's_a thus_o in_o the_o camarg_fw-mi or_o isle_n that_o the_o river_n rhosne_fw-fr make_v near_o arles_n in_o provence_n there_o have_v be_v so_o much_o late_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o watchtower_n have_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o some_o man_n live_v 1665._o be_v remove_v forward_o three_o time_n as_o we_o be_v there_o inform_v and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o probable_a that_o the_o whole_a low-countries_n be_v thus_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o varenius_n in_o his_o geography_n tell_v we_o that_o sink_v a_o well_o at_o amsterdam_n at_o near_a a_o hundred_o foot_n depth_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o bed_n or_o floor_n of_o sand_n and_o cockle-shell_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a one_o will_v think_v that_o of_o old_a time_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n lie_v so_o deep_a and_o that_o that_o hundred_o foot_n thickness_n of_o earth_n above_o the_o sand_n arise_v from_o the_o sediment_n of_o the_o water_n of_o those_o great_a river_n the_o rhine_n scheld_v maes_n etc._n etc._n which_o there_o about_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o time_n of_o flood_n bring_v down_o with_o they_o abundance_n of_o earth_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n the_o same_o original_a doubtless_o have_v that_o great_a level_n of_o the_o fen_n run_v through_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n holland_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o marshland_n in_o norfolk_n that_o there_o have_v be_v no_o small_a quantity_n of_o earth_n thus_o bring_v down_o appear_v also_o in_o that_o along_o the_o channel_n of_o most_o great_a river_n as_o for_o example_n the_o thames_n and_o trent_n in_o england_n especial_o near_o their_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n between_o the_o mountain_n and_o high_a ground_n on_o each_o side_n there_o be_v large_a level_n and_o plains_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v original_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n raise_v up_o and_o atterrate_v by_o earth_n and_o silt_n bring_v down_o by_o those_o river_n in_o great_a flood_n strabo_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n 〈◊〉_d much_o to_o this_o purpose_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o after_o a_o while_n he_o add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v for_o this_o land_n up_o and_o atterration_n of_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n about_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n as_o about_o the_o outlet_n of_o ister_n the_o place_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o desert_n of_o scytâ—ia_n about_o those_o of_o phasis_n the_o sea-coast_n of_o colchis_n which_o be_v sandy_a and_o low_a and_o soâ—t_n about_o thermodin_n and_o iris_n all_o themâ—scyra_n the_o plain_a of_o the_o amazon_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o sidene_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o other_o river_n for_o all_o of_o they_o imitate_v the_o nile_n add_v to_o the_o continent_n or_o mainland_n the_o part_n lie_v before_o their_o mouth_n some_o more_o some_o less_o those_o less_o that_o bring_v not_o down_o much_o mud_n and_o those_o more_o that_o run_v a_o great_a way_n over_o soft_a and_o lose_v ground_n and_o receive_v many_o torrent_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v the_o river_n pyramus_n which_o have_v add_v a_o great_a part_n of_o its_o land_n to_o cilicia_n concern_v which_o there_o be_v a_o oracle_n come_v abroad_o import_v that_o there_o will_v a_o time_n come_v in_o future_a age_n when_o the_o river_n pyramus_n shall_v carry_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o land_n up_o the_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o cyprus_n so_o it_o may_v in_o time_n happen_v that_o the_o whole_a sea_n shall_v gradual_o be_v land_v up_o begin_v from_o the_o shore_n if_o the_o effusion_n of_o the_o river_n that_o be_v the_o earth_n and_o mud_n they_o bring_v down_o do_v spread_v so_o wide_a as_o to_o be_v continuous_a thus_o far_o strabo_n but_o the_o oracle_n he_o mention_n predict_v the_o carry_v on_o and_o continuation_n of_o cilicia_n as_o far_o as_o cyprus_n and_o the_o join_v that_o island_n to_o the_o continent_n prove_v false_a there_o have_v not_o be_v as_o yet_o that_o we_o hear_v or_o read_v of_o any_o considerable_a advance_v make_v towards_o it_o in_o almost_o 2000_o year_n now_o the_o rain_n thus_o continual_o wash_v away_o and_o carry_v down_o earth_n from_o the_o mountain_n and_o high_a ground_n and_o raise_v up_o the_o valley_n near_o the_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o descent_n for_o the_o river_n so_o long_o will_v they_o continue_v to_o run_v carry_v forward_o the_o low_a ground_n and_o straighten_v the_o sea_n which_o also_o by_o its_o work_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o declivity_n easy_o carry_v down_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o low_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n alveus_fw-la and_o by_o degree_n may_v sill_z it_o up_o mounseur_fw-fr loubere_fw-la in_o his_o late_a voyage_n to_o siam_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o sand_n in_o and_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o great_a river_n of_o the_o oriental_a kingdom_n occasion_v by_o the_o sediment_n bring_v down_o from_o the_o country_n by_o the_o several_a stream_n so_o that_o say_v he_o the_o navigation_n into_o and_o up_o those_o river_n grow_v more_o and_o more_o difficult_a and_o may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v quite_o interrupt_v the_o same_o observation_n i_o believe_v may_v be_v make_v in_o most_o of_o our_o great_a european_a river_n wherein_o new_a bed_n be_v raise_v and_o old_a one_o enlarge_v moreover_o the_o cloud_n still_o pour_v down_o rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v descend_v as_o far_o as_o there_o be_v any_o declivity_n and_o where_o that_o fail_v it_o will_v stagnate_n and_o join_v with_o sea_n cover_v first_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o by_o degree_n high_a and_o high_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v cover_v to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v that_o some_o assistance_n towards_o the_o level_n of_o the_o mountain_n may_v be_v contribute_v by_o the_o course_n and_o cataract_n of_o subterraneous_a river_n wash_v away_o the_o earth_n continual_o and_o weaken_v their_o foundation_n so_o by_o degree_n cause_v they_o to_o founder_v subside_o and_o fall_v in_o that_o the_o mountain_n do_v daily_o diminish_v and_o many_o of_o they_o sink_v that_o the_o valley_n be_v raise_v that_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v atterrate_v no_o man_n can_v deny_v that_o these_o thing_n must_v needs_o in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v a_o very_a considerable_a and_o great_a effect_n be_v as_o evident_a which_o what_o else_o can_v it_o be_v then_o that_o we_o have_v mention_v moreover_o towards_o this_o level_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o fill_v up_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o fire_n also_o contribute_v its_o mite_n for_o the_o burn_a mountain_n or_o vulcano_n as_o for_o example_n aetna_n and_o vesuvius_n vomit_n at_o time_n out_o of_o their_o bowel_n such_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o sand_n and_o ash_n and_o with_o that_o force_n that_o they_o be_v by_o the_o wind_n carry_v and_o disperse_v all_o over_o the_o country_n nay_o transport_v over_o sea_n into_o foreign_a and_o remote_a region_n but_o let_v fall_v so_o copious_o in_o the_o circumjacent_a place_n as_o to_o cover_v the_o earth_n to_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o also_o pour_v forth_o flood_n of_o melt_a stone_n mineral_n and_o other_o material_n that_o run_v down_o as_o low_a as_o the_o sea_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o havens_n as_o of_o old_a one_o near_o catana_n and_o make_v mole_n and_o promontory_n or_o point_n as_o in_o the_o last_o eruption_n both_o of_o aetna_n and_o vesuvius_n the_o top_n of_o these_o mountain_n fall_v in_o and_o subside_v proportionable_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o eject_v matter_n as_o borellus_n prove_v meet_v with_o a_o quotation_n in_o dr._n hakewil_n apology_n out_o of_o josephus_n blancanus_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr mundi_fw-la fabrica_fw-la i_o earnest_o desire_v to_o get_v a_o fight_n of_o that_o book_n but_o can_v not_o procure_v it_o till_o the_o copy_n of_o this_o discourse_n be_v out_o of_o my_o hand_n and_o send_v up_o to_o london_n in_o order_n to_o its_o print_n but_o then_o obtain_v it_o i_o find_v it_o so_o exact_o consonant_a to_o my_o own_o thought_n and_o to_o what_o i_o have_v here_o write_v concern_v that_o subject_a and_o some_o particular_n occur_v therein_o by_o i_o omit_v that_o i_o can_v not_o forbear_v translate_n the_o whole_a discourse_n into_o english_a and_o annex_v it_o to_o this_o chapter_n especial_o because_o the_o book_n be_v not_o common_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o discourse_n be_v first_o set_v down_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la mathematicis_fw-la aristotelis_fw-la more_fw-it at_o large_a and_o afterward_o repeat_v
in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr mundi_fw-la fabrica_fw-la more_o brief_o pergratum_fw-la lectori_fw-la fore_fw-la existimavi_fw-la si_fw-la rem_fw-la sâ—itu_fw-la dignissimam_fw-la exposuero_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v very_o acceptable_a to_o the_o reader_n if_o i_o shall_v discover_v to_o he_o a_o thing_n most_o worthy_a to_o be_v know_v which_o i_o have_v long_o ago_o and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n observe_v and_o be_o daily_o more_o confirm_v in_o especial_o see_v no_o former_a writer_n that_o i_o know_v of_o have_v publish_v any_o thing_n concern_v it_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o be_v now_o rough_a and_o uneven_a by_o reason_n of_o mountain_n and_o valley_n and_o so_o only_o rude_o spherical_a be_v daily_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o world_n reduce_v to_o a_o perâ—â—â—t_a roundness_n in_o so_o much_o that_o it_o will_v necessary_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o a_o natural_a way_n that_o it_o be_v one_o day_n overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o render_v unhabitble_a first_o then_o that_o we_o may_v clear_o apprehend_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o thing_n we_o must_v lay_v down_o as_o a_o foundation_n from_o holy_a writ_n that_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v in_o the_o beginning_n endue_v with_o a_o more_o perfect_a spherical_a figure_n that_o be_v without_o any_o inequality_n of_o mountain_n and_o valley_n and_o that_o it_o be_v whole_o cover_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o altogether_o unfit_a for_o terrestrial_a animal_n to_o inhabit_v but_o it_o be_v then_o render_v habitable_a when_o by_o the_o beck_n or_o command_n of_o its_o creator_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v translate_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o whereupon_o here_o appear_v the_o hollow_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o all_o the_o water_n which_o before_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n recede_v and_o flow_v down_o fill_v those_o depress_v and_o hollow_a place_n and_o this_o congregation_n of_o water_n be_v call_v the_o sea_n hence_o some_o grave_a author_n doubt_v not_o to_o assert_v that_o the_o mountain_n be_v make_v up_o of_o that_o very_a earth_n which_o before_o fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o sea_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o earth_n as_o now_o it_o be_v mountainous_a and_o elevate_v above_o the_o water_n have_v not_o its_o natural_a figure_n but_o be_v in_o a_o violent_a state_n but_o nullum_fw-la violentum_fw-la est_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la beside_o the_o earth_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n none_o of_o its_o part_n ought_v to_o be_v extant_a and_o appear_v above_o its_o superficies_n and_o yet_o we_o see_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v real_o high_a than_o the_o sea_n especial_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o it_o in_o which_o respect_n also_o both_o land_n and_o water_n be_v in_o a_o violent_a state_n wherefore_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o both_o that_o they_o shall_v daily_o return_v towards_o their_o ancient_a and_o primigenial_a state_n and_o figure_n and_o according_o we_o affirm_v that_o they_o do_v so_o moreover_o we_o say_v that_o the_o water_n both_o of_o rains_n and_o rivers_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o restitution_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a observation_n first_o we_o see_v that_o river_n do_v daily_o fret_v and_o undermine_v the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n so_o that_o here_o and_o there_o from_o most_o mountain_n they_o cause_v great_a ruin_n and_o precipice_n whence_o the_o mountain_n appear_v break_v and_o the_o earth_n so_o fall_v from_o the_o mountain_n the_o river_n carry_v down_o to_o the_o low_a place_n from_o these_o corrosion_n of_o the_o river_n proceed_v these_o â—low_n but_o great_a ruin_n call_v labinae_fw-la à _fw-la labendo_fw-la in_o which_o some_o street_n and_o whole_a village_n be_v precipitate_v into_o the_o river_n 2._o we_o daily_o see_v that_o the_o rain-water_n wash_v away_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o carry_v they_o down_o to_o the_o low_a place_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o high_a mountain_n be_v also_o hard_o and_o more_o stony_a than_o the_o rest_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o better_o resist_v the_o water_n hence_o also_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o ancient_a building_n in_o mountain_n their_o foundation_n be_v by_o degree_n discover_v prove_v not_o very_o durable_a for_o which_o reason_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o roman_a capitol_n be_v now_o whole_o extant_a above_o ground_n which_o of_o old_a at_o its_o first_o erection_n be_v sink_v very_o deep_a into_o it_o this_o same_o thing_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o mountain_n do_v confirm_v all_o say_n that_o this_o lower_a of_o mountain_n be_v long_o since_o know_v to_o they_o for_o that_o former_o some_o intermediate_v mountain_n intercept_v the_o sight_n of_o a_o castle_n or_o tower_n situate_v in_o a_o more_o remote_a mountain_n which_o after_o many_o year_n the_o intervenient_a mountain_n be_v depress_v come_v clear_o into_o view_n and_o george_n agricola_n be_v of_o opinion_n which_o i_o very_o much_o approve_v of_o that_o the_o river_n produce_v the_o mountain_n and_o hill_n in_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o particular_a divide_a mountain_n but_o only_o perpetual_a eminent_a ridge_n of_o land_n not_o dissect_v into_o so_o many_o valley_n as_o we_o now_o see_v so_o for_o example_n our_o apennine_n be_v at_o first_o one_o continue_v even_o eminent_a ridge_n of_o land_n not_o divide_v into_o any_o particular_a mountain_n and_o hill_n by_o intervening_a valley_n as_o now_o it_o be_v but_o that_o after_o the_o river_n begin_v to_o flow_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o it_o by_o little_a and_o little_o fret_v and_o corrode_a the_o ground_n they_o make_v valley_n and_o daily_o more_o and_o more_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o whole_a apennine_a come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o hill_n and_o mountain_n 3._o in_o plain_n we_o see_v the_o direct_o contrary_a happen_v for_o the_o plain_n be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o elevate_v because_o the_o water_n do_v let_v fall_v in_o the_o plain_a and_o hollow_a place_n the_o earth_n they_o bring_v down_o with_o they_o from_o the_o mountain_n hence_o we_o see_v that_o ancient_a building_n in_o such_o place_n be_v almost_o whole_o bury_v in_o the_o ground_n so_o in_o rome_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o capitoline_n mountain_n we_o see_v the_o triumphal_a arch_n of_o septimius_n almost_o whole_o overwhelm_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o everywhere_o in_o ancient_a city_n many_o gate_n and_o door_n of_o house_n almost_o land_v up_o little_a thereof_o be_v extant_a above_o ground_n from_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o sink_v and_o demersion_n of_o building_n into_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n of_o their_o antiquity_n which_o be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o the_o deep_o they_o be_v sink_v so_o for_o example_n at_o bononia_n in_o italy_n many_o of_o the_o ancient_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n which_o the_o bolognese_n call_v torresotti_n be_v very_o deep_o sink_v which_o be_v a_o certain_a argument_n of_o their_o antiquity_n and_o thence_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v true_a that_o history_n relate_v that_o they_o be_v build_v in_o the_o time_n of_o s._n petronius_n about_o 1200_o year_n ago_o but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o other_o thing_n agree_v those_o be_v deep_o depress_v that_o be_v build_v in_o low_a place_n than_o those_o in_o high_a for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a so_o at_o bononia_n that_o old_a port_n call_v il_fw-fr torresotto_fw-it di_fw-it s._n georgio_n be_v deeply_o bury_v or_o land_v up_o than_o that_o which_o be_v call_v il_fw-fr torresotto_fw-it di_fw-it stra_fw-la castilione_n because_o that_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o low_a place_n and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o easy_o raise_v up_o about_o it_o 4._o the_o same_o be_v affirm_v by_o architect_n who_o when_o they_o dig_v their_o foundation_n do_v everywhere_o in_o plain_a place_n first_o of_o all_o remove_v the_o earth_n which_o they_o call_v commota_fw-la lose_v or_o shake_a which_o be_v mix_v with_o fragment_n of_o wood_n iron_n rubbish_n coin_n ancient_a urn_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o when_o it_o be_v throw_v out_o they_o come_v to_o another_o sort_n of_o earth_n that_o have_v never_o be_v stir_v but_o be_v solid_a compact_a and_o not_o mix_v with_o any_o heterogeneous_a thing_n especial_o artificial_a that_o move_v commota_fw-la and_o impure_a earth_n be_v it_o which_o the_o water_n have_v by_o little_a and_o little_o bring_v down_o from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n which_o be_v not_o everywhere_o of_o equal_a depth_n but_o now_o because_o in_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v no_o where_o find_v such_o move_v or_o new_a earth_n as_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o experience_n of_o