that_o some_o tree_n afford_v a_o much_o more_o generous_a wine_n than_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o coco_n and_o palmeto_n tree_n they_o chap_v a_o bough_n as_o we_o do_v the_o betula_n but_o in_o the_o date_n make_v the_o incision_n with_o a_o chisel_n in_o the_o body_n very_o neat_o in_o which_o they_o stitch_v a_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o a_o lingula_fw-la to_o direct_v it_o into_o the_o appendent_a vessel_n which_o the_o subjoined_a figure_n represent_v and_o illustrate_v with_o its_o improvement_n to_o our_o former_a discourse_n note_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fit_a arm_n the_o hole_n thus_o oblique_o perforate_v and_o a_o faucet_n or_o pipe_n insert_v will_v lead_v the_o sap_n into_o the_o recipient_a a._n b._n the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n g._n bore_v at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o arm_n f._n join_v to_o the_o stem_n with_o a_o augre_v of_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o diameter_n according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o tree_n c._n a_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n bend_v down_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bottle_n e._n to_o conduct_v the_o liquor_n into_o it_o d._n the_o string_n about_o the_o arm_n f._n by_o which_o the_o bottle_n hang_v 8._o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o birch_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v all_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n without_o the_o danger_n of_o its_o acrimony_n most_o powerful_a for_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n helmont_n show_v how_o to_o make_v a_o beer_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v a_o most_o rich_a cordial_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n or_o reins_o this_o wine_n exquisite_o make_v be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n as_o it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n 9_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o stir_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winy_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spiritous_a drink_n which_o beside_o the_o former_a virtue_n be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n and_o do_v wonder_n for_o cure_v of_o the_o ptisick_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n in_o stead_n of_o honey_n lbj_fw-la to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raisin-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v 10._o but_o beside_o these_o beech_n alder_n ash_n elder_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v attempt_v for_o liquor_n thus_o crab_n and_o even_o our_o very_a bramble_n may_v possible_o yield_v we_o medical_a and_o useful_a wine_n the_o poplar_n be_v heretofore_o esteem_v more_o physical_a than_o the_o betula_n the_o sap_n of_o the_o oak_n juice_n or_o decoction_n of_o the_o inner_a bark_n cure_v the_o fashion_n or_o farcy_n a_o virulent_a and_o dangerous_a infirmity_n in_o horse_n and_o which_o like_o cancer_n be_v repute_v incurable_a by_o any_o other_o topic_n than_o some_o actual_a or_o potential_a cautery_n but_o what_o be_v more_o noble_a a_o dear_a friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o that_o a_o country_n neighbour_n of_o his_o at_o least_o fourscore_o year_n of_o age_n who_o have_v lie_v sick_a of_o a_o bloody_a strangury_n which_o by_o cruel_a torment_n reduce_v he_o to_o the_o very_a article_n of_o death_n be_v under_o god_n recover_v to_o perfect_a and_o almost_o miraculous_a health_n and_o strength_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o fall_v stout_o to_o his_o labour_n by_o one_o sole_a draught_n of_o beer_n wherein_o be_v the_o decoction_n of_o the_o internal_a bark_n of_o the_o oak-tree_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o composition_n of_o a_o admirable_a sudorific_a and_o diuretic_n for_o all_o affection_n of_o the_o liver_n out_o of_o the_o like_a of_o the_o elm_n which_o may_v yet_o be_v drink_v daily_o as_o our_o cophee_n be_v and_o with_o no_o less_o delight_n but_o quack_a be_v not_o my_o trade_n i_o speak_v only_o here_o as_o a_o plain_a husband_n man_n and_o a_o simple_a forester_n out_o of_o the_o limit_n whereof_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o unpardonable_o transgress_v pan_n be_v a_o physician_n and_o he_o you_o know_v be_v precedent_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o hazel_n hasel_n 1._o nvx_n sylvestris_n or_o corylus_fw-la the_o hazel_n be_v best_a raise_v from_o the_o nut_n which_o you_o shall_v sow_v like_o mast_n in_o a_o pretty_a deep_a furrow_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o february_n light_a ground_n may_v immediate_o be_v sow_v and_o harrow_v in_o very_o accurate_o but_o in_o case_n the_o mould_n be_v clay_n plough_n it_o early_o and_o let_v it_o be_v sufficient_o mellow_v with_o the_o frost_n and_o then_o the_o three_o year_n cut_v your_o tree_n near_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o sharp_a bill_n the_o moon_n decrease_v 2._o but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o grove_n for_o pleasure_n plant_v they_o in_o foss_n at_o a_o yard_n distance_n and_o cut_v they_o within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o earth_n dress_v they_o for_o three_o or_o four_o spring_n and_o autumn_n by_o only_o loosen_v the_o mould_n a_o little_a about_o their_o root_n other_o there_o be_v who_o set_v the_o nut_n by_o hand_n at_o one_o foot_n distance_n to_o be_v transplant_v the_o three_o year_n at_o a_o yard_n asunder_o but_o this_o work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o nut_n fall_v till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v because_o they_o be_v exceed_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o frost_n nor_o will_v they_o sprout_v till_o the_o spring_n beside_o vermine_n be_v great_a devourer_n of_o they_o preserve_v they_o therefore_o moist_a not_o mouldy_a by_o lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leaf_n or_o in_o sand_n till_o january_n hasel_n from_o set_v and_o sucker_n take_v plantis_fw-la &_o durae_fw-la coryli_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la georg_n 2._o 3._o from_o whence_o they_o thrive_v very_o well_o the_o shoot_v be_v of_o the_o scantling_n of_o small_a wand_n and_o switch_n or_o somewhat_o big_a and_o such_o as_o have_v draw_v divers_a hairy_a twigg_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v disbranched_a no_o more_o than_o their_o root_n unless_o by_o a_o very_a spare_v and_o discreet_a hand_n thus_o your_o coryletum_n or_o copse_n of_o hasel_n be_v plant_v about_o autumn_n may_v as_o some_o practise_v it_o be_v cut_v within_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o spring_n follow_v which_o the_o new_a cyon_n will_v sudden_o repair_v in_o cluster_n and_o tuft_n of_o fair_a pole_n of_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o thirty_o foot_n long_o but_o i_o rather_o shall_v spare_v they_o till_o two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v take_v strong_a hold_n and_o may_v be_v cut_v close_o to_o the_o very_a earth_n the_o improsperous_a and_o feeble_a one_o especial_o thus_o be_v likewise_o filbert_n to_o be_v treat_v both_o of_o they_o improve_v much_o by_o transplant_n but_o chief_o by_o graft_n and_o it_o will_v be_v try_v with_o filbert_n and_o even_o with_o almond_n themselves_o for_o more_o elegant_a experiment_n 4._o for_o the_o place_n they_o above_o all_o affect_v cold_a barren_a dry_a and_o sandy_a ground_n also_o mountain_n and_o even_o rocky_a soil_n produce_v they_o but_o more_o plentiful_o if_o somewhat_o moist_a dankish_a and_o mossy_a as_o in_o the_o fresh_a bottom_n and_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o in_o hedge-rowe_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v for_o coppse_n may_v after_o twelve_o year_n be_v fell_v the_o first_o time_n the_o next_o at_o seven_o or_o eight_o etc._n etc._n for_o by_o this_o period_n their_o root_n will_v be_v complete_o vigorous_a you_o may_v plant_v they_o from_o october_n to_o january_n provide_v you_o keep_v they_o careful_o weed_v till_o they_o have_v take_v fast_o hold_v 5._o the_o use_n of_o the_o hazel_n be_v for_o pole_n spars_n hoop_n fork_n angle_a rod_n faggot_n
wash_v out_o and_o such_o a_o preservative_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o wood_n nay_o of_o many_o other_o thing_n as_o rope_n cable_n fishing-net_n mast_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o defend_v they_o from_o putrefaction_n either_o in_o water_n under_o or_o above_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o snow_n ice_n air_n winter_n or_o summer_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o describe_v the_o process_n of_o the_o aquafortis_n it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o our_o common_a coperas_fw-la make_v this_o aquafortis_n well_o enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n be_v draw_v over_o by_o a_o retort_n and_o for_o sulphur_n the_o island_n of_o saint_n christopher_n yield_v enough_o which_o hardly_o need_v any_o refine_v to_o furnish_v the_o whole_a world_n this_o secret_a for_o the_o curious_a i_o think_v fit_a not_o to_o omit_v though_o a_o more_o compendious_a three_o or_o four_o anointing_n with_o linseed_n oil_n have_v prove_v very_o effectual_a it_o be_v experiment_v in_o a_o walnut_n table_n where_o it_o destroy_v million_o of_o worm_n immediate_o and_o be_v to_o be_v practise_v for_o table_n tube_n mathematical_a instrument_n box_n bedstead_n chair_n rarity_n etc._n etc._n oil_n of_o walnut_n will_v doubtless_o do_v the_o same_o be_v sweet_a and_o a_o better_a varnish_n but_o above_o all_o be_v commend_v oil_n of_o cedar_n or_o that_o of_o juniper_n 24._o hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o tree_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n in_o particular_a now_o a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v their_o order_n in_o general_a as_o it_o relate_v to_o copse_n lop_n felling_n etc._n etc._n then_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o more_o concern_v their_o use_v as_o to_o fuel_n etc._n etc._n and_o cast_v such_o accidental_a lesson_n into_o a_o few_o aphorism_n as_o can_v not_o well_o be_v more_o regular_o insert_v last_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o some_o more_o serious_a observation_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o main_a design_n and_o project_n of_o this_o discourse_n as_o it_o concern_v the_o improvement_n of_o his_o majesty_n forest_n for_o the_o honour_n and_o security_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o copse_n copse_n 1._o sylva_n caedua_fw-la be_v as_o varro_n define_v it_o as_o well_o copse_n to_o cut_v for_o fuel_n as_o for_o use_v of_o timber_n and_o we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v both_o by_o sow_v and_o plant_v i_o shall_v only_o here_o add_v that_o if_o in_o their_o first_o designation_n they_o be_v so_o lay_v out_o as_o to_o grow_v for_o several_a fall_n they_o will_v both_o prove_v more_o profitable_a and_o most_o delightful_a most_o profitable_a because_o of_o their_o annual_a succession_n and_o most_o pleasant_a because_o there_o will_v always_o remain_v some_o of_o they_o stand_v and_o if_o they_o be_v so_o cast_v out_o as_o that_o you_o leave_v straight_o and_o even_a interval_n of_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n for_o grass_n between_o spring-wood_n and_o spring-wood_n secure_o fence_v and_o preserve_v the_o pasture_n will_v lie_v both_o warm_a and_o prove_v of_o exceed_a delight_n to_o the_o owner_n these_o space_n likewise_o useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o cart-way_n to_o fetch_v out_o the_o wood_n at_o every_o fall_n there_o be_v not_o a_o more_o noble_a and_o worthy_a husbandry_n than_o be_v this_o which_o reject_v no_o sort_n of_o ground_n as_o we_o have_v abundant_o show_v since_o even_o the_o most_o boggy_a place_n may_v so_o be_v drain_v and_o cast_v as_o to_o yield_v its_o increase_n by_o plant_v the_o dry_a sort_n upon_o the_o ridge_n and_o bank_n which_o you_o cast_v up_o where_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o and_o then_o willow_n sallow_a alder_a poplar_n sycomor_n etc._n etc._n will_v shoot_v tolerable_o well_o on_o the_o low_a and_o more_o vliginous_a with_o this_o caution_n that_o for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n they_o be_v keep_v diligent_o weed_v and_o cleanse_v which_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o fence_v and_o guard_v from_o cattle_n our_o ordinary_a copse_n be_v chief_o upon_o hazel_n or_o the_o birch_n but_o if_o among_o the_o other_o kind_n store_n of_o ash_n chessnut_n and_o sallow_a at_o least_o one_o in_o four_o be_v sprinkle_v in_o the_o plant_v the_o profit_n will_v soon_o discover_v a_o difference_n and_o well_o recompense_v the_o industry_n other_o advise_v we_o to_o plant_n shoot_v of_o sallow_a willow_n alder_n and_o of_o all_o the_o swift_a grow_a tree_n be_v of_o seven_o year_n growth_n slope_v off_o both_o the_o end_n towards_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o billet_n and_o bury_v they_o a_o reasonable_a depth_n in_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o put_v forth_o seven_o or_o eight_o branch_n each_o of_o which_o will_v become_v a_o tree_n in_o a_o short_a time_n especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v moist_a the_o near_a distance_n for_o these_o plantation_n ought_v never_o to_o be_v less_o than_o five_o foot_n at_o first_o since_o every_o fell_n render_v they_o wide_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o timber_n even_o to_o thirty_o and_o forty_o foot_n in_o five_o or_o six_o felling_n 2._o though_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o we_o to_o prescribe_v at_o what_o age_n it_o be_v best_o husbandry_n to_o fell_a coppse_n as_o we_o at_o least_o call_v best_a husbandry_n that_o be_v for_o most_o and_o great_a gain_n since_o the_o mercat_n and_o the_o kind_n of_o wood_n and_o emergent_a use_n do_v so_o much_o govern_v yet_o copse_n be_v sometime_o of_o a_o competent_a stature_n after_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n from_o the_o acorn_n and_o so_o every_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n successive_o will_v rise_v better_a and_o better_o but_o this_o have_v need_n be_v in_o extraordinary_a ground_n otherwise_o you_o may_v do_v well_o to_o allow_v they_o twelve_o or_o fifteen_o to_o fit_v they_o for_o the_o axe_n but_o those_o of_o twenty_o year_n stand_v be_v better_o and_o far_o advance_v the_o price_n especial_o if_o oak_n and_o ash_n and_o chessnut_n be_v the_o chief_a furniture_n some_o of_o our_o old_a clergy_n spring-wood_n heretofore_o have_v be_v let_v rest_n till_o twenty_o five_o or_o thirty_o year_n and_o have_v prove_v high_o worth_a the_o attendance_n for_o by_o that_o time_n even_o a_o seminary_n of_o acorn_n will_v render_v a_o consideble_a advance_v as_o i_o have_v already_o exemplify_v in_o the_o northamptonshire_n lady_n and_o if_o copse_n be_v so_o divide_v as_o that_o every_o year_n there_o may_v be_v some_o fell_v it_o be_v a_o continual_a and_o a_o present_a profit_n seventeen_o year_n growth_n afford_v a_o tolerable_a fall_v suppose_v the_o copse_n of_o seventeen_o acre_n one_o acre_n may_v be_v yearly_o fall_v for_o ever_o and_o so_o more_o according_a to_o proportion_n but_o the_o seldom_o fall_v yield_v the_o more_o timber_n 3._o as_o to_o what_o number_n and_o scantlings_n you_o be_v to_o leave_v on_o every_o acre_n the_o statute_n be_v our_o general_a guide_n at_o least_o the_o legal_a it_o be_v a_o very_a ordinary_a copse_n which_o will_v not_o afford_v three_o or_o four_o first_o that_o be_v best_o fourteen_o second_o twelve_o three_o eight_o waver_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o which_o proportion_v the_o size_n of_o young_a tree_n in_o copse_a be_v to_o succeed_v one_o another_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 35_o hen._n 8._o in_o copse_n or_o vnderwood_n fell_v at_o twenty_o four_o year_n growth_n there_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v twelve_o standil_n or_o store_v of_o oak_n upon_o each_o acre_n in_o defect_n of_o so_o many_o oak_n the_o same_o number_n of_o elm_n ash_n asp_n or_o beech_n and_o they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v of_o likely_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v spare_v at_o some_o former_a felling_n unless_o there_o be_v none_o in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v to_o be_v then_o leave_v and_o so_o to_o continue_v without_o felling_n till_o they_o be_v ten_o inch_n square_a within_o a_o yard_n of_o ground_n copse_n above_o this_o growth_n fell_v to_o leave_v twelve_o great_a oak_n or_o in_o defect_n of_o they_o other_o timber-tree_n as_o above_o and_o so_o to_o be_v leave_v for_o twenty_o year_n long_o and_o to_o be_v enclose_v seven_o year_n 4._o in_o sum_n you_o be_v to_o spare_v as_o many_o likely_a tree_n for_o timber_n as_o with_o discretion_n you_o can_v and_o as_o to_o the_o fell_n begin_v at_o one_o side_n that_o the_o cart_n may_v enter_v without_o detriment_n to_o what_o you_o leave_v stand_v the_o underwood_n may_v be_v cut_v from_o january_n at_o the_o late_a till_o mid_n march_n or_o april_n or_o from_o mid_a september_n till_o near_o the_o end_n of_o november_n so_o as_o all_o be_v avoid_v by_o midsummer_n at_o the_o late_a and_o then_o fence_v where_o the_o row_v and_o brush_n lie_v long_o unbound_v or_o make_v up_o you_o endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o second_o
24_o 70_o 02_o 78_o 80_o 34_o 48_o 17_o 56_o 19_o 64_o 22_o 72_o 25_o 80_o 28_o 49_o 58_o 57_o 84_o 66_o 10_o 74_o 37_o 82_o 63_o 35_o 51_o 04_o 59_o 55_o 68_o 05_o 76_o 56_o 85_o 07_o 52_o 50_o 61_o 25_o 70_o 00_o 78_o 75_o 87_o 50_o 36_o 45_o 00_o 63_o 00_o 72_o 00_o s1_n 00_o 90_o 00_o table_n v._o the_o breadth_n of_o plank_n in_o foot_n and_o inch_n the_o length_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a in_o foot_n and_o 10_o part_n of_o inches_n f._n in._n f._n in._n pts._n 0_o 1_o 12_o 0_o 0_o 2_o 6_o 0_o 0_o 3_o 4_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 3_o 0_o 0_o 5_o 2_o 4_o 8_o 6_o 2_o 0_o 0_o 7_o 1_o 8_o 6_o 8_o 1_o 6_o 0_o 9_o 1_o 4_o 0_o 10_o 1_o 2_o 4_o 11_o 1_o 1_o 1_o i_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 11_o 8_o 2_o 0_o 10_o 3_o 3_o 0_o 9_o 6_o 4_o 0_o 9_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 8_o 5_o 6_o 0_o 8_o 0_o 7_o 0_o 7_o 6_o 8_o 0_o 7_o 2_o 9_o 0_o 6_o 8_o 10_o 0_o 6_o 5_o 11_o 0_o 6_o 2_o two_o 0_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 5_o 8_o 2_o 0_o 5_o 5_o 3_o 0_o 5_o 3_o 4_o 0_o 5_o 1_o 5_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 4_o 8_o 7_o 0_o 4_o 7_o 8_o 0_o 4_o 5_o 9_o 0_o 4_o 4_o 10_o 0_o 4_o 2_o 11_o 0_o 4_o 1_o iii_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 0_o 34._o if_o you_o be_v to_o remove_v your_o timber_n let_v the_o dew_n be_v first_o off_o and_o the_o southwind_n blow_v before_o you_o draw_v it_o neither_o shall_v you_o by_o any_o mean_n put_v it_o to_o use_v for_o three_o or_o four_o month_n after_o unless_o great_a necessity_n urge_v you_o as_o it_o do_v duilius_n who_o in_o the_o punic_a war_n build_v his_o fleet_n of_o timber_n before_o it_o be_v season_v be_v not_o above_o two_o month_n from_o the_o very_a felling_n to_o the_o launch_v and_o as_o be_v also_o those_o navy_n of_o hiero_n after_o forty_o day_n and_o that_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o three_o carthaginean_a war_n from_o the_o very_a forest_n to_o the_o sea_n july_n be_v a_o good_a time_n for_o bring_v home_o your_o fell_v timber_n but_o concern_v the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o felling_n a_o just_a treatise_n may_v be_v write_v let_v the_o learned_a therefore_o consult_v vitruvius_n particular_o on_o this_o subject_n l._n 2._o c._n 19_o also_o m._n cato_n c._n 17._o plin._n l._n 16._o c._n 31._o constantinus_n and_o heron._n l._n 3._o de_fw-fr rr._n veget._n l._n 4._o c._n 35._o columella_n l._n 3._o c._n 2._o but_o especial_o the_o most_o ample_a theophrastus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 5._o note_v that_o a_o tun_n of_o timber_n be_v forty_o solid_a foot_n a_o load_n fifty_o 35._o to_o make_v excellent_a board_n and_o plank_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o some_o you_o shall_v bark_n your_o tree_n in_o a_o fit_a season_n and_o so_o let_v they_o stand_v naked_a a_o full_a year_n before_o the_o fell_n and_o in_o some_o case_n and_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v profitable_a but_o let_v these_o with_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n of_o the_o several_a kind_n suffice_v for_o this_o article_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o advertisement_n of_o caution_n to_o those_o noble_a person_n and_o other_o who_o have_v grove_n and_o tree_n of_o ornament_n near_o their_o house_n and_o in_o their_o garden_n in_o london_n and_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a stature_n and_o well_o grow_v such_o as_o be_v the_o grove_n in_o the_o several_a inn_n of_o court_n nay_o even_o that_o comparative_o new_a plantation_n in_o my_o lord_n of_o bedford_n garden_n etc._n etc._n and_o wherever_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o more_o interior_a part_n of_o the_o city_n that_o they_o be_v not_o over_o hasty_a or_o by_o any_o mean_v persuade_v to_o cut_v down_o any_o of_o their_o old_a tree_n upon_o hope_n of_o new_a more_o flourish_a plantation_n thickening_a or_o repair_v deformity_n because_o they_o grow_v so_o well_o when_o first_o they_o be_v set_v it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v how_o exceed_o that_o pernicious_a smoke_n of_o the_o sea-coal_n be_v increase_v in_o and_o about_o london_n since_o they_o be_v first_o plant_v and_o the_o building_n environ_v they_o and_o enclose_v it_o in_o among_o they_o which_o do_v so_o universal_o contaminate_v the_o air_n that_o what_o plantation_n of_o tree_n shall_v be_v now_o begin_v in_o any_o of_o those_o place_n will_v have_v much_o ado_n great_a difficulty_n and_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o tolerable_a perfection_n therefore_o let_v they_o make_v much_o of_o what_o they_o have_v and_o though_o i_o discourage_v none_o yet_o i_o can_v animate_v none_o to_o cut_v down_o the_o old_a 36._o and_o here_o may_v now_o come_v in_o a_o pretty_a speculation_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o reason_n after_o general_a felling_n and_o extirpation_n of_o vast_a wood_n of_o one_o species_n the_o next_o spontaneous_a succession_n shall_v be_v of_o quite_o a_o different_a sort_n we_o see_v indeed_o something_o of_o this_o in_o our_o garden_n and_o corn_n field_n as_o the_o best_a of_o poet_n witness_n but_o that_o may_v be_v much_o impute_v to_o the_o alteration_n by_o improvement_n or_o detriment_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o other_o accident_n whatever_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v since_o it_o appear_v not_o in_o any_o universal_a decay_n of_o nature_n sufficient_o explode_v i_o shall_v only_o here_o produce_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o it_o ordinary_o happen_v as_o in_o some_o goodly_a wood_n former_o belong_v to_o my_o grandfather_n that_o be_v all_o of_o oak_n after_o fell_v they_o universal_o spring_v up_o beech_n and_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o general_a experience_n that_o after_o beech_n birch_n succeed_v as_o in_o that_o famous_a wood_n at_o darnway_n on_o the_o river_n tindarne_v in_o the_o province_n of_o moray_n in_o scotland_n where_o nothing_o have_v grow_v but_o oak_n in_o a_o wood_n three_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o happy_o more_o southerly_a it_o may_v have_v be_v beech_n and_o not_o birch_n till_o the_o three_o degradation_n birche_n familiar_o grow_v out_o of_o old_a and_o decay_a oak_n but_o whence_o this_o sympathy_n and_o affection_n shall_v proceed_v be_v more_o difficult_a to_o resolve_v in_o as_o much_o as_o we_o do_v not_o detect_v any_o so_o prolifical_a and_o eminent_a seed_n in_o that_o tree_n some_o accident_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o bird_n who_o frequent_o have_v be_v know_v to_o waste_v and_o convey_v seed_n to_o place_n wide_o distant_a as_o we_o have_v touch_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o fir_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 4._o holly_n have_v be_v see_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o ash_n as_o ash_n out_o of_o several_a tree_n especial_o hei-thorn_n nay_o in_o a_o old_a rot_a ash-stump_n in_o a_o place_n where_o no_o ash_n at_o all_o grow_v by_o many_o mile_n in_o the_o whole_a county_n and_o i_o have_v have_v it_o confident_o assert_v by_o person_n of_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o they_o have_v see_v a_o tree_n cut_v in_o the_o middle_n who_o heart_n be_v ash-wood_n and_o the_o exterior_a part_n oak_n and_o this_o in_o northamptonshire_n and_o why_o not_o as_o well_o though_o with_o something_o more_o difficulty_n as_o through_o a_o willow_n who_o body_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o penetrate_v even_o to_o the_o earth_n obtrude_a the_o willow_n quite_o out_o of_o its_o place_n of_o which_o a_o pretty_a emblem_n may_v be_v conceive_v but_o i_o pursue_v these_o instance_n no_o far_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o norway_n engine_n or_o saw-mill_n to_o be_v either_o move_v with_o the_o force_n of_o water_n or_o wind_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o more_o expedite_a cut_n and_o convert_v of_o timber_n to_o which_o we_o will_v add_v another_o for_o the_o more_o facile_a perforation_n and_o bore_v of_o elm_n or_o other_o timber_n to_o make_v pipe_n and_o aqueduct_n and_o the_o excavate_v of_o column_n to_o preserve_v their_o shaft_n from_o split_a to_o which_o otherwise_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a the_o frame_v of_o both_o these_o instrument_n discover_v themselves_o sufficient_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o will_v need_v the_o less_o description_n there_o be_v yet_o this_o reformation_n from_o those_o which_o they_o use_v both_o in_o norway_n and_o switzerland_n that_o whereas_o they_o make_v the_o timber_n approach_v the_o saw_n by_o certain_a indent_a wheel_n with_o a_o rochet_n which_o be_v frequent_o out_o of_o order_n there_o be_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n a_o substitution_n of_o two_o counterpoise_n of_o about_o three_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n each_o as_o you_o may_v see_v at_o a.a._n fasten_v the_o cord_n to_o which_o they_o append_v at_o the_o extreme_n of_o two_o movable_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o slide_v on_o two_o other_o piece_n
treat_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o i_o can_v not_o suffer_v it_o to_o pass_v over_o without_o a_o particular_a remark_n so_o as_o the_o noble_a poet_n with_o pardon_n for_o recede_v from_o so_o venerable_a authority_n may_v be_v mistake_v when_o he_o deliver_v this_o observation_n as_o universal_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o sow_v and_o raise_v wood_n from_o their_o rudiment_n tree_n which_o from_o scatter_a seed_n to_o spring_n be_v make_v come_v slow_o on_o for_o our_o grandchild_n shade_n nam_fw-la quae_fw-la seminibus_fw-la jactis_fw-la se_fw-la sustulit_fw-la arbos_fw-la tarda_fw-la venit_fw-la seris_fw-la factura_fw-la nepotibus_fw-la umbram_fw-la geor._n l._n 2._o and_o indeed_o i_o know_v divers_a be_v of_o this_o opinion_n and_o possible_o in_o some_o lucky_a soil_n and_o where_o extraordinary_a care_n be_v have_v in_o transplant_n and_o remove_v cumbrance_n etc._n etc._n there_o may_v be_v reason_n for_o it_o but_o i_o affirm_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o find_v i_o have_v the_o suffrage_n of_o another_o no_o inelegant_a poet_n if_o not_o in_o a_o full_a assent_n to_o my_o assertion_n yet_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o my_o procedure_n for_o their_o perfection_n though_o sucker_n which_o the_o stock_n repair_v will_v with_o thâ—ck_a branch_n crowd_v the_o empty_a air_n or_o the_o ground-oak_n transplant_v bough_n may_v shoot_v yet_o no_o such_o grov'_v do_v with_o my_o fancy_n suit_n as_o what_o from_o acorn_n set_v on_o even_a row_n in_o open_a field_n at_o their_o due_a distance_n grow_v what_o though_o your_o ground_n long_a time_n must_v fallow_a lie_v and_o seâ—dling-oakes_n yield_v but_o a_o slow_a supply_n no_o walk_n else_o can_v be_v for_o like_a beauty_n praise_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o plant_n from_o acorn_n raise_v as_o to_o the_o centre_n deep_a fiver_n spread_v so_o to_o the_o zenith_n more_o advance_v their_o head_n be_v it_o that_o plant_n for_o natural_a moisture_n pine_v and_o as_o expose_v at_o change_n of_o soil_n decline_v or_o that_o the_o acorn_n with_o its_o native_a mould_n do_v thrive_v and_o spread_v and_o firm_a alliance_n hold_v quamvis_fw-la ipsa_fw-la de_fw-la stirpe_fw-la parentis_fw-la pullulet_fw-la &_o tenues_fw-la tollat_fw-la se_fw-la quercus_fw-la in_o auras_fw-la aut_fw-la mutata_fw-la solo_fw-la ramis_fw-la exultet_fw-la opacis_fw-la forma_fw-la tamen_fw-la nemoris_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la mihi_fw-la gratior_fw-la ulla_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la campos_fw-la posito_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la crevit_fw-la et_fw-la quamquam_fw-la sit_fw-la agro_fw-la praelongum_fw-la tempus_fw-la inerti_fw-la durcendum_fw-la ac_fw-la tardae_fw-la surgant_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la quercus_fw-la his_fw-la tamen_fw-la his_o long_a veniunt_fw-la felicius_fw-la umbrae_fw-la nam_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr glande_n satas_fw-la radicibus_fw-la imis_fw-la altius_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la descendere_fw-la plantas_fw-la majoresque_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o coelum_fw-la profundere_fw-la ramos_fw-la seu_fw-la quod_fw-la dediscant_fw-la mutatam_fw-la semina_fw-la matrem_fw-la dgen_n remque_fw-la ferant_fw-la alieno_fw-la ex_fw-la ubere_fw-la prolem_fw-la sive_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la â—bi_fw-la cognatae_fw-la inolescere_fw-la terrae_fw-la glans_fw-la primo_fw-la melius_fw-la paulatim_fw-la assuevit_fw-la ab_fw-la ortu_fw-la rapinus_n hort._n l._n 2._o chap._n i._o of_o the_o soil_n and_o of_o seed_n soil_n 1._o here_o for_o method_n sake_n something_o it_o be_v expedient_a to_o premise_v concern_v the_o soil_n and_o indeed_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v observe_v so_o vast_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o improvement_n of_o wood_n by_o that_o of_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v at_o no_o hand_n to_o be_v neglect_v but_o this_o be_v more_o than_o transitory_o touch_v in_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o assign_v it_o any_o apart_o when_o i_o have_v affirm_v in_o general_n that_o most_o timber-tree_n grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o in_o any_o tolerable_a land_n which_o will_v produce_v corn_n or_o rye_n and_o which_o be_v not_o in_o excess_n stony_n in_o which_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v some_o tree_n delight_n or_o altogether_o clay_n which_o few_o or_o none_o do_v natural_o affect_v and_o yet_o the_o oak_n be_v see_v to_o prosper_v in_o it_o for_o its_o toughness_n prefer_v before_o any_o other_o by_o many_o workman_n though_o of_o all_o soyl_v the_o cow-pasture_n do_v certain_o exceed_v be_v it_o for_o what_o purpose_n soever_o of_o plant_v wood._n rather_o therefore_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n how_o many_o great_a wit_n and_o ingenious_a person_n who_o have_v leisure_n and_o faculty_n be_v in_o pain_n for_o improvement_n of_o their_o heath_n and_o barren_a hill_n cold_a and_o starve_a place_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o despair_v of_o while_o they_o flatter_v their_o hope_n and_o vain_a expectation_n with_o fructify_a liquor_n chemical_a menstrue_n and_o such_o vast_a conception_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o one_o may_v show_v they_o as_o heathy_a and_o hope-less_a ground_n and_o barren_a hill_n as_o any_o in_o england_n that_o do_v now_o bear_v or_o late_o have_v bear_v wood_n grove_n and_o copse_n which_o yield_v the_o owner_n more_o wealth_n than_o the_o rich_a and_o most_o opulent_a wheat-land_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v so_o long_a a_o day_n before_o these_o plantation_n can_v afford_v that_o gain_n the_o brabant_n nursery_n and_o divers_a home-plantations_a of_o industrious_a person_n be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v the_o gain-say_a and_o when_o by_o this_o husbandry_n a_o few_o acorn_n shall_v have_v people_v the_o neighbour_a region_n with_o young_a stock_n and_o tree_n the_o residue_n will_v become_v grove_n and_o copse_n of_o infinite_a delight_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o planter_n beside_o we_o daily_o see_v what_o course_n land_n will_v bear_v these_o stock_n suppose_v they_o oak_n wall-nutts_a chess-nutts_a pine_n fir_n ash_n wild-pear_n crab_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o of_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n the_o pear_n and_o the_o fir_n or_o pine_n strike_v their_o root_n through_o the_o rough_a and_o most_o impenetrable_a rock_n and_o cleft_n of_o stone_n itself_o and_o other_o require_v not_o any_o rich_a or_o pingued_a but_o very_o moderate_a soil_n especial_o if_o commit_v to_o it_o in_o seed_n which_o ally_n they_o to_o their_o mother_n and_o nurse_n without_o renitency_n or_o regrett_n and_o then_o consider_v what_o assistance_n a_o little_a care_n in_o ease_v and_o stir_v of_o the_o ground_n about_o they_o for_o a_o few_o year_n do_v afford_v they_o what_o can_v a_o strong_a blow_n a_o winter_n mellow_n and_o summer_n heat_n incorporate_v with_o the_o pregnant_a turf_n or_o a_o slight_a assistance_n of_o lime_n perform_v even_o in_o the_o most_o unnatural_a and_o obstinate_a soil_n and_o in_o such_o place_n where_o ancient_o wood_n have_v grow_v but_o be_v now_o unkind_a to_o they_o the_o fault_n be_v to_o be_v reform_v by_o this_o care_n and_o chief_o by_o a_o sedulous_a extirpation_n of_o the_o old_a remainder_n of_o root_n and_o latent_fw-la stump_n which_o by_o their_o mustiness_n and_o other_o pernicious_a quality_n sour_a the_o ground_n and_o poison_v the_o conception_n and_o herewith_o let_v i_o put_v in_o this_o note_n that_o even_o the_o soil_n itself_o do_v frequent_o discover_v and_o point_v best_a to_o the_o particular_a species_n though_o some_o be_v for_o all_o place_n alike_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o these_o particular_n at_o this_o time_n because_o the_o rest_n be_v sprinkle_v over_o this_o whole_a work_n in_o their_o due_a place_n wherefore_o we_o hasten_v to_o the_o follow_a title_n namely_o the_o choice_n and_o order_n of_o the_o seed_n 2._o choose_v your_o seed_n of_o that_o which_o be_v perfect_o mature_a seed_n ponderous_a and_o sound_a common_o that_o which_o be_v easy_o shake_v from_o the_o bough_n or_o gather_v about_o november_n immediate_o upon_o its_o spontaneous_a fall_n or_o take_v from_o the_o top_n and_o summity_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o sound_a tree_n be_v best_a and_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n direct_v to_o the_o proper_a season_n of_o inter_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o institution_n for_o nature_n herself_o who_o all_o create_v first_o invent_v sow_v and_o the_o wild_a plant_n nurse_v when_o mast_n and_o berry_n from_o the_o tree_n do_v drop_v succeed_v under_o by_o a_o numerous_a crop_n nam_fw-la specimen_fw-la sationis_fw-la &_o insitionis_fw-la origo_fw-la ipsa_fw-la fuit_fw-la rerum_fw-la primum_fw-la natura_fw-la creatrix_fw-la arboribus_fw-la quoniam_fw-la baccae_fw-la glandesque_fw-la caducae_fw-la tempestiva_fw-la dabant_fw-la pullorum_fw-la examina_fw-la subter_fw-la etc._n etc._n lucret._n l._n 5._o yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o if_o the_o place_n you_o sow_v in_o be_v too_o cold_a for_o a_o autumnal_a semination_n your_o acorn_n mast_n and_o other_o seed_n may_v be_v prepare_v for_o the_o vernal_a by_o be_v barreled_a or_o potted_a up_o in_o moist_a sand_n or_o earth_n stratum_fw-la s.s._n during_o
building_n as_o lie_v continual_o under_o water_n where_o it_o will_v harden_v like_o a_o very_a stone_n whereas_o be_v keep_v in_o any_o unconstant_a temper_n it_o rot_v immediate_o because_o its_o natural_a humidity_n be_v of_o so_o near_a affinity_n with_o its_o adventitious_a as_o scaliger_n assign_v the_o cause_n vitruvius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o morass_n about_o ravenna_n in_o italy_n be_v pile_v with_o this_o timber_n to_o superstruct_v upon_o and_o high_o commend_v it_o i_o find_v also_o they_o use_v it_o under_o that_o famous_a bridge_n at_o venice_n the_o rialto_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o gran-canal_n bear_v a_o vast_a weight_n 5._o the_o pole_n of_o alder_n be_v as_o useful_a as_o those_o of_o willow_n but_o the_o coal_n far_o exceed_v they_o especial_o for_o gunpowder_n the_o wood_n be_v likewise_o useful_a for_o pile_n pump_n hop-pole_n water-pipe_n trough_n sluice_n small_a tray_n and_o trencher_n wooden-heel_n the_o bark_n be_v precious_a to_o dyer_n and_o some_o tanner_n and_o leather-dresser_n make_v use_v of_o it_o and_o with_o it_o and_o the_o fruit_n in_o stead_n of_o gall_n they_o make_v ink._n the_o fresh_a leave_n alone_o apply_v to_o the_o naked_a sole_n of_o the_o foot_n infinite_o refresh_v the_o surbate_z traveller_n and_o the_o swell_a bunch_n which_o be_v now_o and_o then_o find_v in_o the_o old_a tree_n afford_v the_o inlayer_n piece_n curious_o chamblet_v and_o very_o hard_a etc._n etc._n but_o the_o faggot_n better_o for_o the_o fire_n than_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o ground_n by_o place_v they_o as_o the_o guise_n be_v in_o the_o trench_n which_o old_a rubbish_n of_o flint_n stone_n and_o the_o like_a gross_a material_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v because_o it_o be_v for_o ever_o preserve_v the_o drain_v hollow_a and_o be_v a_o little_a mould_v over_o will_v produce_v good_a grass_n without_o any_o detriment_n to_o the_o ground_n but_o this_o be_v a_o secret_a not_o yet_o well_o understand_v and_o will_v merit_v a_o express_a paragraph_n be_v it_o here_o seasonable_a &_o jam_fw-la nos_fw-la inter_fw-la opacas_fw-la musa_fw-la vocat_fw-la salices_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o withy_a sally_n ozier_n and_o willow_n 1._o salix_fw-la wâ—tâ—_n since_o cato_n have_v attribute_v the_o three_o place_n to_o the_o salictum_fw-la prefer_v it_o even_o next_o to_o the_o very_a ortyard_n and_o what_o one_o will_v wonder_v at_o before_o even_o the_o olive_n meadow_n or_o cornfield_n itself_o for_o salictum_fw-la tertio_fw-la loco_fw-la nempe_fw-la post_fw-la vineam_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o that_o we_o find_v it_o so_o easy_o raise_v of_o so_o great_a and_o universal_a use_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o my_o discourse_n upon_o they_o especial_o since_o so_o much_o of_o that_o which_o shall_v publish_v concern_v they_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o long_a experience_n of_o a_o most_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a person_n from_o who_o i_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v receive_v many_o of_o these_o hint_n not_o to_o perplex_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o various_a name_n greek_a gallic_n sabinic_n amerine_n vitex_n etc._n etc._n better_o distinguish_v by_o their_o growth_n and_o bark_n and_o by_o latin_a author_n all_o comprehend_v under_o that_o of_o salices_n and_o our_o english_a book_n reckon_v they_o promiscuous_o thus_o the_o common-white_a willow_n the_o black_a and_o the_o hard-black_a the_o rose_n of_o cambridge_n the_o black-withy_a the_o round-long_a sallow_a the_o long_a sallow_a the_o lesser-broad-leaved_a willow_n silver_n sallow_a upright_o broad-willow_n repent_v broad-leafed_a the_o red-stone_n the_o lesser_a willow_n the_o strait-dwarf_n the_o creeper_n the_o black-low-willow_n the_o willow-bay_n and_o the_o osier_n i_o begin_v with_o the_o withy_a 2._o the_o withy_a be_v a_o reasonable_a large_a tree_n and_o fit_a to_o be_v plant_v on_o high_a bank_n because_o they_o extend_v their_o root_n deep_a than_o either_o salley_n or_o willow_n for_o this_o reason_n you_o shall_v plant_v they_o at_o ten_o or_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n and_o though_o they_o grow_v the_o slow_a of_o all_o the_o twiggie_a tree_n yet_o do_v they_o recompense_v it_o with_o the_o large_a crop_n the_o wood_n be_v tough_a and_o the_o twig_n fit_a to_o bind_v strong_o the_o very_a peeling_n of_o the_o branch_n be_v useful_a to_o bind_v arbor-poling_a and_o in_o topiary_a work_n vineyard_n espalier-fruit_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v two_o principal_a sort_n of_o these_o withies_n the_o hoary_a and_o the_o red_a withy_n which_o be_v the_o greek_a tough_a and_o fit_a to_o bind_v while_o the_o twig_n be_v flexible_a and_o tender_a sally_n 3._o sally_n grow_v much_o fast_o if_o they_o be_v plant_v within_o reach_n of_o water_n or_o in_o a_o very_a moorish_a ground_n or_o flat_a plain_a and_o where_o the_o soil_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a moisture_n unfit_a for_o arable_a or_o meadow_n for_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a improvement_n in_o a_o word_n where_o birch_n and_o alder_n will_v thrive_v before_o you_o plant_v they_o it_o be_v find_v best_a to_o turn_v the_o ground_n with_o a_o spade_n especial_o if_o you_o design_v they_o for_o a_o flat_a we_o have_v three_o sort_n of_o sally_n among_o we_o which_o be_v one_o more_o than_o the_o ancient_n challenge_v who_o name_n only_o the_o black_a and_o white_a which_o be_v their_o nitellina_n the_o vulgar_a which_o prove_v best_a in_o dry_a bank_n and_o the_o hopping-sallye_n which_o require_v a_o moist_a soil_n grow_v with_o incredible_a celerity_n and_o a_o three_o kind_n of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o other_o two_o have_v the_o twig_n red_a the_o leaf_n not_o so_o long_o and_o of_o a_o more_o dusky_a green_a more_o brittle_a whilst_o it_o be_v grow_v in_o twig_n and_o more_o tough_a when_o arrive_v to_o a_o competent_a size_n all_o of_o they_o useful_a for_o the_o thatcher_n 4._o of_o these_o the_o hopping-sallye_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n be_v of_o a_o clear_a terse_a grain_n and_o require_v a_o more_o succulent_a soil_n best_o plant_v a_o foot_n deep_a and_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a above_o ground_n though_o some_o will_v allow_v but_o a_o foot_n for_o then_o every_o branch_n will_v prove_v excellent_a for_o future_a settle_n after_o three_o year_n growth_n be_v crop_v the_o second_o and_o three_o the_o first_o year_n increase_n will_v be_v betwixt_o eight_o and_o twelve_o foot_n long_o general_o the_o three_o year_n growth_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v rake_n and_o pike-stave_n and_o the_o four_o for_o m._n blithes_n trench_a blow_n and_o other_o like_a utensil_n of_o the_o husbandman_n 5._o if_o you_o plant_v they_o at_o full_a height_n as_o some_o do_v at_o four_o year_n growth_n set_v they_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n length_n to_o avoid_v the_o bite_n of_o cattle_n they_o will_v be_v less_o useful_a for_o straight_a staff_n and_o for_o settle_n and_o make_v less_o speed_n in_o their_o growth_n yet_o this_o also_o be_v a_o considerable_a improvement_n 6._o these_o will_v require_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o least_o five_o foot_n distance_n some_o set_v they_o as_o much_o more_o and_o in_o the_o quincunx_fw-la order_n if_o they_o affect_v the_o soil_n the_o leaf_n will_v come_v large_a half_o as_o broad_a as_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o of_o a_o more_o vivid_v green_a always_o large_a the_o first_o year_n than_o afterward_o some_o plant_v they_o slope_v and_o crosswise_o like_o a_o hedge_n but_o this_o impede_v their_o wonderful_a growth_n and_o though_o pliny_n seem_v to_o commend_v it_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o excorticate_v some_o place_n of_o each_o set_v for_o the_o soon_o production_n of_o shoot_n it_o be_v but_o a_o deceitful_a fence_n neither_o fit_a to_o keep_v out_o swine_n nor_o sheep_n and_o be_v set_v too_o near_o incline_v to_o one_o another_o they_o soon_o destroy_v each_o other_o 7._o the_o worst_a sally_n may_v be_v plant_v so_o near_o yet_o as_o to_o be_v instead_o of_o stake_n in_o a_o hedge_n and_o then_o their_o top_n will_v supply_v their_o dwarfishnesse_n and_o to_o prevent_v hedge-breaker_n many_o do_v thus_o plant_v they_o because_o they_o can_v easy_o be_v pull_v up_o after_o once_o they_o have_v strike_v root_n 8._o if_o some_o be_v permit_v to_o wear_v their_o top_n five_o or_o six_o year_n their_o palm_n will_v be_v very_o ample_a and_o yield_v the_o first_o and_o most_o plentiful_a relief_n to_o bee_n even_o before_o our_o apricot_n blossom_n the_o hopping-sallys_a open_a and_o yield_v their_o palm_n before_o other_o sally_n and_o when_o they_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v about_o the_o exit_z of_o may_n or_o sometime_o june_n the_o palm_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d frugiperdae_fw-la as_o homer_n term_v they_o for_o their_o extreme_a levity_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o full_a of_o a_o fine_a lanuginous_a cotton_n a_o poor_a body_n may_v in_o a_o hour_n space_n gather_v a_o pound_n or_o two_o of_o
it_o which_o resemble_v the_o fine_a silk_n may_v doubtless_o be_v convert_v to_o some_o profitable_a use_n by_o a_o ingenious_a housewife_n if_o gather_v in_o calm_a evening_n before_o the_o wind_n rain_n and_o dew_n impair_v they_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v dry_v with_o care_n it_o may_v be_v fit_a for_o cushion_n and_o pillow_n of_o chastity_n for_o such_o of_o old_a be_v the_o reputation_n of_o those_o tree_n 9_o of_o these_o hop_a sally_n after_o three_o year_n root_n each_o plant_n will_v yield_v about_o a_o score_n of_o staff_n of_o full_a eight_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o so_o follow_v for_o use_v as_o we_o note_v above_o compute_v then_o how_o many_o fair_a pike-stave_n perch_n and_o other_o useful_a material_n that_o will_v amount_v to_o in_o a_o acre_n if_o plant_v at_o five_o foot_n interval_n but_o a_o fat_a and_o moist_a soil_n require_v indeed_o more_o space_n than_o a_o lean_a or_o dry_a namely_o six_o or_o eight_o foot_n distance_n 10._o you_o may_v plant_v settle_n of_o the_o very_a first_o year_n growth_n but_o the_o second_o year_n they_o be_v better_o and_o the_o three_o year_n better_o than_o the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o as_o good_a as_o the_o three_o especial_o if_o they_o approach_v the_o water_n a_o bank_n at_o a_o foot_n distance_n from_o the_o water_n be_v kind_a for_o they_o then_o a_o bog_n or_o to_o be_v altogether_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n 11._o it_o be_v good_a to_o new_a mould_n they_o about_o the_o root_n every_o second_o or_o three_o year_n but_o man_n seldom_o take_v the_o pain_n it_o seem_v that_o saâ—lys_n be_v more_o hardy_a than_o even_a willow_n and_o oziers_n of_o which_o columella_n take_v as_o much_o care_n as_o of_o vine_n themselves_o but_o â—is_n cheap_a to_o supply_v the_o vacuity_n of_o such_o accidental_a decay_n by_o a_o new_a plantation_n then_o to_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o dig_v about_o they_o three_o time_n a_o year_n as_o that_o author_n advise_v see_v some_o of_o they_o will_v decay_v whatever_o care_v be_v use_v 12._o sally_n may_v also_o be_v propagate_v like_o vine_n by_o courb_v and_o bow_v they_o in_o arch_n and_o cover_v some_o of_o their_o part_n with_o mould_n etc._n etc._n 13._o for_o settle_n those_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v which_o grow_v near_o to_o the_o stock_n and_o so_o consequent_o those_o worst_a which_o most_o approach_v the_o top._n they_o shall_v be_v plant_v in_o the_o first_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a wether_n in_o february_n before_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v we_o about_o london_n begin_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o december_n they_o may_v be_v cut_v in_o spring_n for_o fuel_n but_o best_a in_o autumn_n for_o use_n but_o in_o this_o work_n as_o of_o poplar_n leave_v a_o twig_n or_o two_o which_o be_v twist_v arch-wise_a will_v produce_v plentiful_a sprout_n and_o sudden_o furnish_v a_o head_n 14._o if_o in_o our_o coppse_n one_o in_o four_o be_v a_o sally_n set_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o variety_n the_o profit_n will_v recompense_v the_o care_n 15._o the_o swift_a grow_a sally_n be_v not_o so_o tough_a and_o hardy_a for_o some_o use_n as_o the_o slow_a which_o make_v stock_n for_o gard'ners_n spade_n but_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a for_o rake_n pike_n mop_n etc._n etc._n sally-coal_n be_v the_o soon_o consume_v but_o of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o accommodate_v for_o painter_n to_o design_n their_o work_n and_o first_o draught_n on_o paper_n with_o etc._n etc._n as_o be_v fine_a and_o apt_a to_o slit_v into_o pencil_n 16._o to_o conclude_v there_o be_v a_o way_n of_o graft_n a_o sally_n truncheon_n take_v it_o of_o two_o foot_n and_o half_a long_a as_o big_a as_o your_o wrist_n graff_n at_o both_o end_v a_o figure_n and_o mulberry_n cyon_n of_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o so_o without_o clay_v set_v the_o stock_n so_o far_o into_o the_o ground_n as_o the_o plant_n may_v be_v three_o or_o four_o inch_n above_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o the_o first_o year_n and_o in_o three_o be_v fit_a to_o transplant_v the_o season_n for_o this_o curiosity_n be_v february_n oziers_n 17._o oziers_n or_o the_o aquatic_a salix_fw-la be_v of_o innumerable_a kind_n common_o distinguish_v from_o sally_n as_o sally_n be_v from_o withies_n be_v so_o much_o small_a than_o the_o sally_n and_o short_a live_v and_o require_v more_o constant_a moisture_n yet_o will_v be_v plant_v in_o rather_o a_o dryish_a ground_n than_o over_o moist_a and_o spew_a which_o we_o frequent_o cut_v trench_n to_o avert_v it_o likewise_o yield_v more_o limber_a and_o flexible_a twig_n for_o basket_n flasket_n hamper_n cage_n lattice_n cradle_n the_o body_n of_o coach_n and_o wagon_n for_o which_o it_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n light_n durable_a and_o neat_a as_o it_o may_v be_v wrought_v and_o cover_v for_o chair_n hurdle_n stay_v band_n etc._n etc._n likewise_o for_o fish_n war_n and_o to_o support_v the_o bank_n of_o impetuous_a river_n in_o fine_a for_o all_o wicker_n and_o twiggie_n work_v viminibus_fw-la salices_n 18_o but_o these_o sort_n of_o oziers_n will_v be_v cut_v in_o the_o new_a shoot_n for_o if_o they_o stand_v long_o they_o become_v more_o inflexible_a cut_v they_o close_o to_o the_o head_n a_o foot_n or_o so_o above_o earth_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n unless_o you_o will_v attend_v till_o the_o cold_a be_v past_a which_o be_v better_o and_o yet_o we_o about_o london_n cut_v they_o in_o the_o most_o pierce_a season_n and_o plant_v they_o also_o till_o candlemass_n which_o those_o who_o do_v not_o observe_v we_o judge_v ill_a husband_n as_o i_o learn_v from_o a_o very_a experience_a basketmaker_n and_o in_o the_o decrease_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o workman_n though_o not_o altogether_o for_o that_o of_o the_o stock_n and_o succeed_a shoot_n when_o they_o be_v cut_v make_v they_o up_o into_o bundle_n and_o give_v they_o shelter_v but_o such_o as_o be_v for_o white-work_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v thus_o fagot_v and_o make_v up_o in_o bolt_n as_o the_o term_n be_v sever_a each_o sort_n by_o themselves_o shall_v be_v set_v in_o water_n the_o end_v dip_v but_o for_o black_a and_o unpeel_v preserve_v under_o covert_n only_o or_o in_o some_o vault_n or_o cellar_n to_o keep_v they_o fresh_a sprinkle_v they_o now_o and_o then_o in_o excessive_a hot_a wether_n the_o peeling_n of_o the_o former_a be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o gardener_n and_o cooper_n or_o rather_o the_o splicing_n 19_o we_o have_v in_o england_n these_o three_o vulgar_a sort_n one_o of_o little_a worth_n be_v brittle_a and_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o forementioned_a sally_n with_o red_a twig_n and_o more_o greenish_a and_o round_a leave_n another_o kind_n there_o be_v call_v perch_n of_o limber_a and_o green_a twig_n have_v a_o very_a slender_a leaf_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v total_o like_o the_o second_o only_o the_o twig_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o green_a but_o yellowish_a and_o near_o the_o popinjay_n this_o be_v the_o very_o best_a for_o use_n tough_a and_o hardy_a but_o the_o most_o usual_a name_n by_o which_o basket_n maker_n call_v they_o about_o london_n and_o which_o be_v all_o of_o different_a species_n therefore_o to_o be_v plant_v separately_z be_v the_o hard_a gelster_n the_o horse_n gelster_n whine_v or_o shriveled_a gelster_n the_o black_a gelster_n in_o which_o suffolk_n abound_v then_o follow_v the_o golstone_n the_o hard_a and_o the_o soft_a golston_n brittle_a and_o worst_a of_o all_o the_o golstone_n the_o sharp_a and_o slender_a top_v yellow_a golston_n the_o fine_a golston_n then_o be_v there_o the_o yellow_a osier_n the_o green-ozier_n the_o snake_n or_o speckled_a osier_n swallow-tayl_n and_o the_o spaniard_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v among_o the_o number_n of_o oziers_n for_o they_o be_v both_o govern_v and_o use_v alike_o the_o flanders_n willow_n which_o will_v arrive_v to_o be_v a_o large_a tree_n as_o big_a as_o one_o middle_a the_o often_o cut_v the_o better_a with_o these_o our_o cooper_n tie_n their_o hoop_n to_o keep_v they_o bend_v last_o the_o white-sallow_a which_o be_v of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o growth_n be_v use_v for_o green-work_n and_o if_o of_o the_o tough_a sort_n to_o make_v quarter-can-hoop_n of_o which_o our_o seaman_n provide_v great_a quantity_n etc._n etc._n 20._o these_o choice_a sort_n of_o oziers_n which_o be_v ever_o the_o small_a also_o the_o golden-yellow_a and_o white_a which_o be_v prefer_v for_o propagation_n and_o to_o breed_v of_o shall_v be_v plant_v of_o slip_n of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n a_o foot_n deep_a and_o half_a a_o yard_n length_n in_o moorish_a ground_n or_o bank_n or_o else_o in_o furrow_n so_o that_o as_o some_o direct_v the_o root_n may_v frequent_o reach_v the_o water_n for_o fulminibus_fw-la salices_n though_o we_o common_o find_v
it_o rot_v they_o and_o therefore_o never_o choose_v to_o set_v they_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o send_v it_o and_o at_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n distance_n 21._o the_o season_n for_o plant_v be_v january_a and_o all_o february_n though_o some_o not_o till_o mid_a february_n at_o two_o foot_n square_a but_o cattle_n be_v excessive_o liquorish_a of_o their_o leaf_n and_o tender_a bud_n some_o talk_n of_o a_o graft_n they_o out_o of_o reach_n upon_o sally_n and_o by_o this_o to_o advance_v their_o sprout_v but_o as_o the_o work_n will_v consume_v time_n so_o have_v i_o never_o see_v it_o succeed_v 22._o some_o do_v also_o plant_v oziers_n in_o their_o eight_o like_o quicksets_a thick_a and_o near_o the_o water_n keep_v they_o not_o more_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n above_o ground_n but_o then_o they_o must_v be_v diligent_o cleanse_v from_o moss_n slab_n and_o ouze_n and_o frequent_o prune_v especial_o the_o small_a spire_n to_o form_v single_a shoot_v at_o least_o that_o few_o or_o none_o grow_v double_a these_o they_o head_n every_o second_o year_n about_o september_n the_o autumnal_a cut_n be_v best_o for_o use_v but_o general_o 23._o you_o may_v cut_v withies_n sally_n and_o willow_n at_o any_o mild_a and_o gentle_a season_n between_o leaf_n and_o leaf_n even_o in_o winter_n but_o the_o most_o congruous_a time_n both_o to_o plant_v and_o to_o cut_v they_o be_v crescente_fw-la lunâ_fw-la vere_n circa_fw-la calendas_fw-la martias_n that_o be_v about_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o first_o open_a weather_n of_o the_o early_a spring_n 24._o it_o be_v in_o france_n upon_o the_o loire_n where_o these_o eight_o as_o we_o call_v they_o and_o plantation_n of_o oziers_n and_o withies_n be_v perfect_o understand_v and_o both_o there_o and_o in_o divers_a other_o country_n beyond_o sea_n they_o raise_v they_o of_o the_o seed_n contain_v in_o their_o juli_n or_o catkin_n which_o they_o sow_v in_o furrow_n or_o shallow_a trench_n and_o it_o spring_v up_o like_a corn_n in_o the_o blade_n and_o come_v to_o be_v so_o tender_a and_o delicate_a that_o they_o frequent_o mow_v they_o with_o a_o scyth_n this_o we_o have_v attempt_v in_o england_n too_o even_o in_o the_o place_n where_o i_o live_v but_o the_o obstinate_a and_o unmerciful_a weed_n do_v so_o confound_v they_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o keep_v they_o clean_o with_o any_o ordinary_a industry_n and_o so_o they_o be_v give_v over_o it_o seem_v either_o weed_n grow_v not_o so_o fast_o in_o other_o country_n or_o that_o the_o people_n which_o i_o rather_o think_v be_v more_o patient_a and_o laborious_a the_o osier_n be_v of_o that_o emolument_fw-fr that_o in_o some_o place_n i_o have_v hear_v twenty-pound_n have_v be_v give_v for_o one_o acre_n ten_o be_v in_o this_o part_n a_o usual_a price_n and_o doubtless_o it_o be_v far_o preferable_a to_o the_o best_a corn-land_n not_o only_o for_o that_o it_o need_v but_o once_o plant_v but_o because_o it_o yield_v a_o constant_a crop_n and_o revenue_n to_o the_o world_n end_n and_o be_v therefore_o in_o esteem_n of_o know_v person_n value_v in_o purchase_n according_o consider_v likewise_o how_o easy_o it_o be_v renew_v when_o a_o plant_n now_o and_o then_o fail_v by_o but_o prick_v in_o a_o twig_n of_o the_o next_o at_o hand_n when_o you_o visie_n to_o cut_v they_o we_o have_v in_o this_o parish_n where_o i_o dwell_v improve_v land_n from_o less_o than_o one_o pound_n to_o near_o ten_o pound_n the_o acre_n and_o when_o we_o shall_v reflect_v upon_o the_o infinite_a quantity_n of_o they_o we_o yearly_o bring_v out_o of_o france_n and_o flanders_n to_o supply_v the_o extraordinary_a expense_n of_o basket-work_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o fruiterer_n lime-burners_a gardener_n cooper_n packer_n up_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o ware_n and_o for_o general_a carriage_n which_o seldom_o last_v above_o a_o journey_n or_o two_o i_o great_o admire_v gentleman_n do_v no_o more_o think_v of_o employ_v their_o moist_a ground_n especial_o where_o tide_n near_o fresh_a river_n be_v reciprocal_a in_o plant_v and_o propagate_a oziers_n to_o omit_v nothing_o of_o the_o culture_n of_o this_o useful_a osier_n pliny_n will_v have_v the_o place_n to_o be_v prepare_v by_o trench_v it_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a deep_a and_o in_o that_o to_o fix_v the_o set_n or_o cut_n of_o the_o same_o length_n at_o six_o foot_n interval_n these_o if_o the_o set_v be_v large_a will_v come_v immediate_o to_o be_v tree_n which_o after_o the_o first_o three_o year_n be_v to_o be_v abate_v within_o two_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n then_o in_o april_n he_o advise_v to_o dig_v about_o they_o of_o these_o they_o former_o make_v vine-prop_n and_o one_o acre_n have_v be_v know_v to_o yield_v prop_n sufficient_a to_o serve_v a_o vineyard_n of_o twenty_o five_o acre_n 25._o john_n tradescant_n bring_v a_o small_a osier_n from_o s._n omers_n in_o flanders_n which_o make_v incomparable_a networks_a not_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o indian_a twig_n or_o bent-workâ—_a which_o we_o have_v see_v but_o if_o we_o have_v they_o in_o great_a abundance_n we_o shall_v haply_o want_v the_o artificer_n who_o can_v employ_v they_o willow_n 26._o our_o common_a salix_fw-la or_o willow_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n the_o white_a and_o the_o black_a the_o white_a be_v also_o of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o of_o a_o yellowish_a the_o other_o of_o a_o brown_a bark_n the_o black_a willow_n be_v plant_v of_o stake_n of_o three_o year_n growth_n take_v from_o the_o head_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n before_o it_o begin_v to_o sprout_v set_v they_o of_o six_o foot_n high_a and_o ten_o distant_a those_o woody_n sort_n of_o willow_n delight_n in_o mead_n and_o ditch-side_n rather_o dry_a then_o over_o wet_a for_o so_o they_o last_v long_a yet_o the_o black_a sort_n and_o the_o radish_n do_v sometime_o well_o in_o more_o boggy_a ground_n and_o will_v be_v plant_v of_o stake_n as_o big_a as_o on_o his_o leg_n cut_v as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o length_n of_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n and_o fix_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o into_o the_o earth_n the_o hole_n make_v with_o a_o oken-stake_n and_o beetle_n or_o with_o a_o iron_n crow_n some_o use_n a_o long_a augur_n so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v force_v in_o with_o too_o great_a violence_n but_o first_o the_o truncheon_n shall_v be_v a_o little_a slope_v at_o both_o extreme_n and_o the_o big_a plant_v downward_o to_o this_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o they_o have_v be_v size_v for_o length_n and_o the_o twig_n cut_v off_o ere_o you_o plant_v they_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a let_v this_o be_v do_v in_o february_n the_o mould_n as_o well_o close_v to_o they_o as_o possible_a and_o treat_v as_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o poplar_n if_o you_o plant_v for_o a_o kind_n of_o wood_n or_o coppse_n for_o such_o i_o have_v see_v set_v they_o at_o six_o foot_n distance_n or_o near_o in_o the_o quincunx_fw-la and_o be_v careful_a to_o take_v away_o all_o sucker_n from_o they_o at_o three_o year_n end_n you_o may_v abate_v the_o head_n half_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o trunk_n viz._n three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o lusty_a shoot_v and_o the_o rest_n cut_v close_o and_o bear_v they_o yearly_o that_o the_o three_o or_o four_o you_o leave_v may_v enjoy_v all_o the_o sap_n and_o so_o those_o which_o be_v spare_v will_v be_v gallant_a perche_n within_o two_o year_n arm_n of_o four_o year_n growth_n will_v yield_v substantial_a set_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n distance_n and_o for_o the_o first_o three_o year_n well_o defend_v from_o the_o cattle_n who_o infinite_o delight_v in_o their_o leaf_n green_a or_o wither_a thus_o a_o willow_n may_v continue_v twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o year_n with_o good_a profit_n to_o the_o industrious_a planter_n be_v head_v every_o four_o or_o five_o year_n some_o have_v be_v know_v to_o shoot_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o foot_n in_o one_o year_n after_o which_o the_o old_a rot_a dotard_n may_v be_v fell_v and_o easy_o supply_v but_o if_o you_o have_v ground_n fit_a for_o whole_a coppse_n of_o this_o wood_n cast_v it_o into_o double_a dikes_n make_v every_o foss_n near_o three_o foot_n wide_a two_o and_o half_a in_o depth_n then_o leave_v four_o foot_n at_o least_o of_o ground_n for_o the_o earth_n because_o in_o such_o plantation_n the_o moisture_n shall_v be_v below_o the_o root_n that_o they_o may_v rather_o see_v than_o feel_v the_o water_n and_o two_o table_n of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n plant_v the_o ridge_n of_o these_o bank_n with_o but_o one_o single_a table_n long_o and_o big_a than_o the_o collateral_a viz._n three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a and_o distant_a from_o each_o other_o about_o two_o yard_n these_o bank_n be_v careful_o keep_v weed_v
thirteen_o foot_n diameter_n at_o the_o kerf_n or_o cut_v place_n near_o the_o root_n in_o the_o same_o park_n two_o year_n since_o mr._n sittwell_n with_o jo._n magson_n do_v choose_v a_o tree_n which_o after_o it_o be_v cut_v and_o say_v aside_o flat_a upon_o a_o level_a ground_n sam._n staniforth_n a_o keeper_n and_o ed._n morphy_n both_o on_o horseback_n can_v not_o see_v over_o the_o tree_n one_o another_o hat-crown_n this_o tree_n be_v afterward_o sell_v for_o 20_o li._n in_o the_o same_o park_n near_o the_o old_a ford_n be_v a_o oak-tree_n yet_o stand_v of_o ten_o yard_n circumference_n halton_n in_o the_o same_o park_n below_o the_o conduit_n plain_a be_v a_o oak-tree_n which_o bear_v a_o top_n who_o bough_n shoot_v from_o the_o boal_n some_o fifteen_o and_o some_o sixteen_o yard_n then_o admit_v 15½_n yard_n for_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a extent_n of_o the_o bough_n from_o the_o boal_n which_o be_v double_v be_v 31_o yard_n and_o if_o it_o be_v imagine_v for_o a_o diameter_n because_o the_o ratio_fw-la of_o the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n be_v 113_o 355_o it_o follow_v 113.355_o ∷_o 31.97_o 44_o 113_o yard_n which_o be_v the_o circumference_n belong_v to_o this_o diameter_n then_o far_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a in_o geometry_n that_o half_o the_o diameter_n multiply_v into_o half_a the_o circumference_n produce_v the_o area_n or_o quantity_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o that_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 754347_o 452_o which_o be_v 755_o square_a yard_n ferè_fw-la then_o last_o if_o a_o horse_n can_v be_v limit_v to_o three_o square_a yard_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o which_o may_v seem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n of_o three_o yard_n long_o and_o one_o yard_n broad_a then_o may_v 251_o horse_n be_v well_o say_v to_o stand_v under_o the_o shade_n of_o this_o tree_n but_o of_o the_o more_o northern_a cattle_n certain_o above_o twice_o that_o number_n worksopp-park_n 16._o in_o this_o park_n at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o bradshaw-rail_a lie_v the_o boal_n of_o a_o oak-tree_n which_o be_v twenty_o nine_o foot_n about_o and_o will_v be_v find_v thirty_o if_o it_o can_v be_v just_o measure_v because_o it_o lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n homer_n and_o the_o length_n of_o this_o boal_n be_v ten_o foot_n and_o no_o arm_n nor_o branch_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o same_o park_n at_o the_o white_a gate_n a_o tree_n do_v stand_v that_o be_v from_o bough_n end_n to_o bough_n end_n that_o be_v hall_n from_o the_o extreme_a end_n of_o two_o opposite_a bough_n 180_o foot_n which_o be_v witness_v by_o jo._n magson_n and_o geo._n hall_n and_o measure_v by_o they_o both_o then_o because_o 180_o foot_n or_o 60_o yard_n be_v the_o diameter_n 30_o yard_n will_v be_v the_o semidiameter_n and_o by_o the_o former_a analogy_n 113.355_o ∷_o 60_o 188½_n and_o 1.30_o ∷_o 94¼_n 2827½_n that_o be_v the_o content_a of_o ground_n upon_o which_o this_o tree_n perpendicular_o drop_v be_v above_o 2827_o square_a yard_n which_o be_v above_o half_a a_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o assign_v three_o square_a yard_n as_o above_o for_o a_o horse_n there_o may_v 942_o be_v well_o say_v to_o stand_v in_o this_o compass_n in_o the_o same_o park_n after_o many_o hundred_o sell_v and_o carry_v away_o there_o be_v a_o tree_n which_o do_v yield_v quarter-cliff_n bottom_n that_o be_v a_o yard_n square_a and_o there_o be_v of_o they_o to_o be_v see_v in_o worksopp_n at_o this_o day_n magson_n and_o some_o table_n make_v of_o the_o say_a quarter-cliff_n likewise_o in_o the_o same_o park_n in_o the_o place_n there_o call_v the_o hawks-nest_n be_v tree_n forty_o foot_n long_o of_o timber_n which_o will_v bear_v two_o foot_n square_a at_o the_o top-end_n or_o height_n of_o forty_o foot_n if_o then_o a_o square_n who_o side_n be_v two_o foot_n be_v inscribe_v in_o a_o circle_n the_o proportion_n at_o that_o circle_n be_v foot_n diameter_n 2_o 8284_o circumference_n 8_o 8858_o area_n 6_o 2831_o and_o because_o a_o tun_n of_o timber_n be_v say_v to_o contain_v forty_o solid_a foot_n one_o of_o these_o column_n of_o oak_n will_v contain_v above_o six_o tun_n of_o timber_n and_o a_o quarter_n in_o this_o computation_n take_v they_o to_o be_v cylinder_n and_o not_o taper_v like_o the_o segment_n of_o a_o cone_n welbeek-lane_n 17._o the_o oak_n which_o stand_v in_o this_o lane_n call_v grindal_n oak_n have_v at_o these_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o ground_n these_o circumference_n  _fw-fr foot_n foot_n  _fw-fr inch_n at_o 1_o 33_o 01_o at_o 2_o 28_o 05_o at_o 6_o 25_o 07_o the_o breadth_n be_v from_o bough-end_n to_o bough-end_n i_o diametrical_o 88_o foot_n the_o height_n from_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o top-most_a bough_n 81_o foot_n this_o dimension_n take_v from_o the_o proportion_n that_o a_o gnomon_n bear_v to_o the_o shadow_n there_o be_v three_o arm_n break_v off_o and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o eight_o very_a large_a one_o yet_o remain_v which_o be_v very_a 〈◊〉_d good_a timber_n 88_o foot_n be_v 29â…“_n yard_n which_o be_v in_o this_o case_n admit_v for_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o square_a yard_n in_o that_o circumference_n will_v be_v 676_o ferè_fw-la and_o then_o allow_v three_o yard_n as_o before_o for_o a_o beast_n leave_v 225_o beast_n which_o may_v possible_o stand_v under_o this_o tree_n but_o the_o lords-oak_n that_o stand_v in_o rivelin_n be_v in_o diameter_n three_o yard_n and_o twenty_o eight_o inch_n and_o exceed_v this_o in_o circumference_n three_o foot_n at_o one_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n shire-oak_n shire-oak_n be_v a_o tree_n stand_v in_o the_o ground_n late_a sir_n tho._n hewet_v homeâ—_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o worksopp-park_n which_o drop_v into_o three_o shire_n viz._n york_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o bough-end_n to_o bough-end_n be_v ninety_o foot_n or_o thirty_o yard_n this_o circumference_n will_v contain_v near_o 707_o square_a yard_n sufficient_a to_o shade_v 235_o horse_n thus_o far_o the_o accurate_a mr._n halton_n 18._o be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n of_o credit_n that_o a_o oak_n in_o sheffield-park_n call_v the_o ladies-oak_n fell_v contain_v forty_o two_o tun_n of_o timber_n which_o have_v arm_n that_o hold_v at_o least_o four_o foot_n square_a for_o ten_o yard_n in_o length_n the_o body_n six_o foot_n of_o clear_a timber_n that_o in_o the_o same_o park_n one_o may_v have_v choose_v above_o 1000_o tree_n worth_a above_o 6000_o li._n another_o 1000_o worth_n 4000_o li._n &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la to_o this_o m._n halton_n reply_v that_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o lords-oak_n already_o mention_v to_o have_v grow_v in_o rivelin_n for_o now_o rivelin_n itself_o be_v total_o destitute_a of_o that_o issue_n she_o once_o may_v have_v glory_v in_o of_o oak_n there_o be_v only_o the_o hall-park_n adjoin_v which_o keep_v up_o with_o its_o number_n of_o oak_n and_o as_o to_o the_o computation_n of_o 1000_o tree_n former_o in_o sheffield-park_n worth_a 6000_o li._n it_o be_v believe_v there_o be_v a_o thousand_o much_o above_o that_o value_n since_o in_o what_o be_v now_o enclose_v it_o be_v evident_a touch_v 100_o worth_n a_o thousand_o pound_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o a_o oak_n i_o think_v in_o shropshire_n grow_v late_o in_o a_o coppse_n of_o my_o lord_n cravens_n yield_v 19_o tun_n and_o half_a of_o timber_n 2d_o cord_n of_o firewood_n 2_o load_n of_o brush_n and_o 2_o load_n of_o bark_n and_o my_o worthy_a friend_n leonard_n pinckney_n esq_n late_o first_o clerk_n of_o his_o majesty_n kitchen_n from_o who_o i_o receive_v the_o first_o hint_n of_o many_o of_o these_o particular_n do_v assure_v i_o that_o one_o john_n garland_n build_v a_o very_a handsome_a barn_n contain_v five_o bays_n with_o pan_n post_n beam_n spars_n etc._n etc._n of_o one_o sole_a tree_n grow_v in_o worksopp-park_n i_o will_v close_v this_o with_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o great_o value_v because_o it_o be_v transmit_v to_o i_o from_o that_o honourable_a and_o noble_a person_n sir_n ed._n harley_n i_o be_o say_v he_o assure_v by_o a_o inquisition_n take_v about_o 300_o year_n since_o that_o a_o park_n of_o i_o and_o some_o adjacent_a wood_n have_v not_o then_o a_o tree_n capable_a to_o bear_v acorn_n yet_o that_o very_a park_n i_o have_v see_v full_a of_o great_a oak_n and_o most_o of_o they_o in_o the_o extreme_a wane_n of_o decay_n the_o trunk_n of_o one_o of_o these_o oak_n afford_v so_o much_o timber_n as_o upon_o the_o place_n will_v have_v yield_v 15_o li._n and_o do_v complete_o seat_n with_o waine-scot_n pues_z a_o whole_a church_n you_o may_v please_v say_v he_o write_v to_o sir_n rob._n morray_n to_o remember_v when_o you_o be_v here_o you_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o large_a tree_n new_o fall_v when_o it_o be_v wrought_v up_o it_o prove_v very_o
excellent_a musky_a pear_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o best_a orchard_n of_o france_n from_o a_o forest_n in_o bretainy_a where_o it_o grow_v wild_a and_o be_v but_o of_o late_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o now_o to_o the_o deep_a reason_n we_o late_o threaten_v we_o have_v by_o a_o experiment_n find_v some_o near_a affinity_n between_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o the_o heart_n or_o interior_a of_o the_o stock_n for_o i_o see_v say_v dr._n beale_n a_o old_a rot_a kernel-tree_n bear_v a_o delicate_a summer-fruit_n yield_v store_n of_o smooth_a cider_n it_o be_v call_v the_o french-kernel-tree_n and_o be_v also_o a_o dwarf_n as_o be_v the_o red-strake_a and_o examine_v divers_a kernel_n many_o year_n successive_o of_o that_o hollow_a and_o decay_a tree_n i_o find_v they_o always_o very_o small_a of_o growth_n and_o empty_a mere_a skin_n of_o kernel_n not_o unlike_a to_o the_o emasculate_v scrotum_fw-la of_o a_o eunuch_n another_o young_a tree_n issue_v from_o the_o sound_a part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o the_o same_o old_a tree_n have_v full_a and_o entire_a kernel_n and_o from_o some_o such_o observation_n may_v the_o production_n of_o berbery_n etc._n etc._n without_o stone_n be_v happy_o attempt_v a_o instrument_n fit_v to_o take_v out_o the_o marrow_n or_o pith_n of_o the_o branch_n as_o the_o same_o d_o r_o beale_n perform_v it_o for_o from_o the_o numerical_a bush_n of_o that_o fruit_n he_o find_v some_o branch_n produce_v berbery_n that_o have_v no_o stone_n other_o which_o have_v and_o in_o search_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n perceive_v that_o the_o pith_n or_o heart_n be_v take_v from_o the_o radicat_fw-la or_o main_a branch_n as_o the_o other_o be_v full_a of_o pith_n and_o consequent_o the_o fruit_n in_o perfection_n of_o all_o which_o he_o write_v i_o word_n he_o make_v several_a trial_n on_o other_o fruit_n but_o leave_v the_o place_n before_o he_o can_v see_v the_o event_n but_o he_o add_v these_o many_o year_n almost_o twenty_o i_o have_v yearly_o try_v kernel_n in_o bed_n of_o clean_a earth_n pot_n and_o pan_n and_o by_o the_o very_a leaf_n as_o they_o appear_v in_o first_o spring_v for_o one_o month_n i_o can_v discern_v how_o far_o my_o essay_n have_v civilise_v they_o the_o wild_a have_v short_a stiff_a brown_a or_o fox-coloured_a leaf_n the_o more_o ingenuous_a have_v more_o tender_a more_o spread_a leaf_n and_o approach_v the_o light_a verdure_n of_o the_o berbery_n leaf_n when_o it_o first_o appear_v he_o add_v some_o apple_n be_v call_v rose-apple_n rosemary-apple_n gillyflower-apple_n orange-apple_n with_o several_a other_o adjunct_n denominate_v they_o from_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o but_o if_o we_o intend_v to_o try_v such_o infusion_n upon_o the_o kernel_n as_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o alter_v their_o kind_n we_o shall_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o bedabble_a they_o with_o such_o infusion_n for_o over_o moisture_n will_v rather_o enervate_v than_o strengthen_v they_o but_o rather_o prepare_v the_o earth_n the_o year_n before_o with_o such_o insuccation_n and_o then_o hinder_v it_o from_o produce_v any_o weed_n till_o ready_a for_o the_o kernel_n and_o then_o in_o dewy_a time_n and_o more_o frequent_o when_o our_o climate_n be_v surcharge_v with_o rain_n cover_v the_o bed_n and_o pot_n with_o the_o small_a leaf_n of_o rosemary_n gillyflower_n or_o other_o odoriferous_a blossom_n and_o repeat_v it_o often_o to_o the_o end_n the_o dew_n may_v meteorize_v and_o emit_v their_o fine_a spirit_n etc._n etc._n or_o if_o any_o shall_v please_v to_o be_v so-liberal_a of_o their_o salt_n and_o calcination_n of_o peculiar_a virtue_n though_o possible_o the_o essay_n may_v endanger_v their_o seed_n yet_o the_o mixture_n of_o such_o salt_n fine_o reduce_v and_o strew_v discreet_o on_o their_o bed_n may_v be_v a_o more_o probable_a mean_n than_o those_o liquid_a infusion_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v so_o confident_o boast_v for_o thus_o also_o we_o be_v in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o provide_v of_o more_o vigorous_a ingredient_n for_o trial_n than_o be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n final_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o wilding_n of_o several_a part_n it_o may_v manifest_o appear_v how_o much_o more_o congeneal_a some_o soil_n be_v than_o other_o to_o yield_v the_o best_a cider-fruit_n from_o the_o kernel_n and_o the_o hazzle_v ground_n or_o quick_a mould_n much_o better_a than_o the_o more_o obstinate_a clay_n or_o rank_a earth_n in_o hot_a gravelly-ground_n where_o almost_o no_o sort_n of_o fruit_n will_v grow_v pear_n will_v thrive_v and_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o of_o one_o that_o cleave_v a_o rock_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o a_o little_a good_a earth_n plant_v a_o pear-tree_n therein_o which_o prosper_v exceed_o i_o add_v this_o that_o none_o may_v go_v hence_o without_o encouragement_n chap._n ii_o of_o stock_n the_o former_a thus_o establish_v after_o all_o humour_n and_o variety_n have_v be_v sufficient_o weary_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o wilding_n to_o be_v the_o hardy_a and_o most_o proper_a stock_n for_o the_o most_o delicate_a fruit_n this_o confirm_v by_o varro_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 40._o in_o quamcunque_fw-la arborem_fw-la inseras_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v with_o reason_n however_o they_o do_v in_o hereford-shire_n both_o in_o practice_n and_o opinion_n limit_v this_o rule_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o gust_n of_o any_o delicate_a apple_n as_o of_o the_o pear-main_a quince-apple_n stockin_n etc._n etc._n rather_o graft_v upon_o a_o gennet-moyle_n or_o cydoddin-stock_n as_o there_o call_v than_o a_o crab-stock_n but_o then_o indeed_o they_o conclude_v the_o tree_n last_v not_o so_o long_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o apple_n be_v better_o taste_v from_o a_o clean_a light_a land_n etc._n etc._n than_o from_o stiff_a clay_n or_o the_o more_o pinguid_a and_o luxurious_a soil_n whence_o we_o may_v expect_v some_o assistance_n from_o the_o civility_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o prepare_a soil_n or_o foundation_n to_o the_o graff_n even_o as_o our_o very_a transplantation_n into_o better_a ground_n be_v likewise_o a_o kind_n of_o graft_n thus_o in_o like_a manner_n our_o master_n varro_n loco_fw-la citato_fw-la concern_v pear_n simo_n in_o pyrum_fw-la sylvaticam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o wild-stock_n do_v enliven_v the_o dull_a and_o phlegmatic_a apple_n and_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o gennet-moyle_n sweeten_v and_o improve_v a_o apple_n that_o seem_v over-tart_a as_o the_o pome-roy_n or_o some_o green_v etc._n etc._n or_o may_v rather_o seem_v to_o abate_v at_o least_o some_o apple_n over-tart_a and_o severe_a your_o crab-stock_n will_v be_v plant_v about_o october_n at_o thirty_o two_o foot_n distance_n and_o not_o graff_v till_o the_o three_o spring_n after_o or_o at_o least_o not_o before_o the_o second_o but_o if_o your_o design_n be_v for_o orchard_n only_o and_o where_o they_o be_v to_o abide_v a_o interval_n of_o sixteen_o foot_n shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o dwarfish_a kind_n or_o in_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o red-strake_a or_o other_o fruit-tree_n be_v of_o small_a bulk_n provide_v the_o ground_n be_v yearly_o turn_v up_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o the_o distance_n quadruple_v where_o the_o plough_n have_v privilege_n this_o be_v the_o most_o expedite_a for_o such_o as_o have_v no_o nursery_n ground_n chap._n iii_o of_o graff_n and_o insition_n make_v choice_n of_o your_o graff_n from_o a_o constant_a and_o well-bearing_a branch_n and_o as_o the_o stock_n have_v a_o more_o verdant_a rind_n and_o be_v capable_a to_o yield_v more_o plenty_n of_o juice_n so_o let_v the_o graff_n have_v more_o eye_n or_o bud_n ordinary_o three_o or_o four_o eye_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v issue_n to_o the_o sap_n but_o as_o well_o in_o apple_n and_o pear_n as_o in_o vine_n those_o graff_n or_o cion_n be_v prefer_v in_o which_o the_o bud_n be_v not_o too_o far_o asunder_o or_o distant_a from_o the_o foot_n thereof_o and_o such_o a_o number_n of_o bud_n usual_o determine_v the_o length_n of_o the_o graff_n there_o may_v divers_a cion_n be_v make_v of_o one_o branch_n where_o you_o can_v procure_v plenty_n of_o they_o for_o several_n as_o to_o the_o success_n of_o graft_n the_o main_a point_n be_v to_o join_v the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o cion_n to_o the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o one_o may_v there_o meet_v with_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o other_o and_o these_o part_n shall_v be_v join_v close_o but_o not_o too_o forcible_o that_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o infallible_a way_n by_o which_o most_o of_o the_o quick_a and_o juicy_a part_n be_v mutual_o unite_v especial_o towards_o the_o bottom_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v so_o big_a as_o to_o endanger_v the_o pinch_a of_o your_o graff_n when_o the_o wedge_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o cleave_a let_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o graff_n
world_n in_o jersey_n it_o be_v a_o general_a observation_n as_o i_o hear_v that_o the_o more_o of_o red_a any_o apple_n have_v in_o its_o rind_n the_o more_o proper_a it_o be_v for_o this_o use_n paleface't-apple_n they_o exclude_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v from_o their_o cider-vat_a it_o be_v with_o we_o a_o observation_n that_o no_o sweet-apple_n that_o have_v a_o tough_a rind_n be_v bad_a for_o cider_n 12._o if_o you_o boil_v your_o cider_n special_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o you_o put_v it_o into_o the_o furnace_n immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v let_v stand_v iâ—_n fat_n or_o vessel_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o pressure_n the_o best_a and_o most_o spirituous_a part_n will_v ascend_v and_o vapour_n away_o when_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v under_o it_o and_o the_o long_o the_o boil_a continue_v the_o less_o of_o goodness_n or_o virtue_n will_v be_v leave_v remain_v in_o the_o cider_n my_o distillation_n sufficient_o instruct_v i_o that_o the_o same_o liquor_n which_o after_o fermentation_n have_v pass_v upon_o it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n draw_v off_o unferment_v yield_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o spirit_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_v it_o be_v undoubted_o certain_a that_o cider_n boil_v immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n have_v its_o spirit_n compress_v and_o draw_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n wash_v and_o evaporate_v by_o late_a unseasonable_a boil_a concern_v cider_n by_o doctor_n smith_z the_o best_a time_n to_o grind_v the_o apple_n be_v immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v thorough_o ripe_a for_o so_o they_o will_v yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n the_o cider_n will_v drink_v the_o better_a and_o last_v long_o than_o if_o the_o apple_n be_v hoard_v for_o cider_n make_v of_o hoard_a apple_n will_v always_o retain_v a_o unpleasing_a taste_n of_o the_o apple_n especial_o if_o they_o contract_v any_o rottenness_n the_o cider_n that_o be_v ground_n in_o a_o stone-case_n be_v general_o accuse_v to_o taste_v unpleasant_o of_o the_o rind_n stem_n and_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n which_o it_o will_v not_o if_o ground_n in_o a_o case_n of_o wood_n which_o do_v not_o bruise_v they_o so_o much_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o cider_n be_v make_v put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n leave_v it_o about_o the_o space_n of_o one_o gallon_n empty_a and_o present_o stop_v it_o up_o very_o close_a this_o way_n be_v observe_v to_o keep_v it_o long_o and_o to_o preserve_v its_o spirit_n better_a than_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o fill_v the_o vessel_n quite_o full_a and_o keep_v it_o open_v till_o it_o have_v do_v ferment_v cider_n put_v into_o a_o new_a vessel_n will_v often_o taste_v of_o the_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v pierce_v early_o but_o the_o same_o stop_v up_o again_o and_o reserve_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n will_v free_v itself_o of_o that_o taste_n if_o the_o cider_n be_v sharp_a and_o thick_a it_o will_v recover_v itself_o again_o but_o if_o sharp_a and_o clear_a it_o will_v not_o about_o march_n or_o when_o the_o cider_n begin_v to_o sparkle_v in_o the_o glass_n before_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o bottle_n it_o cider_n will_v be_v much_o long_o in_o clear_v in_o a_o mild_a and_o moist_a then_o in_o a_o cold_a and_o dry_a winter_n to_o every_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n design_v for_o two_o year_n keep_v it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v about_o march_n the_o first_o year_n a_o quart_n of_o wheat_n unground_a the_o best_a fruit_n with_o we_o in_o gloucestershire_n for_o the_o first_o year_n cider_n be_v the_o red-strake_a the_o white_a and_o red_a must-apple_n the_o sweet_a and_o sour_a pepin_n and_o the_o harvey-apple_n pearmains_n alone_o make_v but_o a_o small_a liquor_n and_o hardly_o clear_v of_o itself_o but_o mix_v either_o with_o sweet_a or_o sour_a pippin_n it_o become_v very_o brisk_a and_o clear_a must-apple-cider_n though_o the_o first_o make_v be_v always_o the_o last_o ripe_a by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o apple_n pass_v the_o strainer_n in_o press_v and_o make_v it_o exceed_o thick_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n and_o fox-whelp_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o drink_v till_o the_o second_o year_n but_o then_o very_a good_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n in_o the_o distillation_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o crab_n and_o pear_n mix_v make_v a_o very_a please_a liquor_n and_o much_o soon_o ripe_a than_o pear_n alone_o of_o cider_n by_o capt._n sylas_n taylor_n herefordshire_n afford_v several_a sort_n of_o cider-apple_n as_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o red_a strike_n the_o gennet-moyle_n the_o summer-violet_n or_o fillet_n and_o the_o winter-fillet_n with_o many_o other_o sort_n which_o be_v use_v only_o to_o make_v cider_n of_o which_o some_o use_v each_o sort_n simple_o and_o other_o mix_v many_o sort_n together_o this_o county_n be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o other_o sort_n of_o apple_n as_o pippin_n pearmains_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o there_o be_v much_o cider_n make_v but_o not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o cider_n draw_v from_o the_o cider-apple_n among_o which_o the_o redstrakes_a bear_v the_o bell_n a_o fruit_n in_o itself_o scarce_o edible_a yet_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o be_v immediate_o pleasant_a in_o taste_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o restringency_n which_o it_o have_v when_o incorporate_v with_o the_o meat_n or_o flesh_n of_o the_o apple_n it_o be_v many_o time_n three_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o its_o clearness_n and_o six_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o a_o ripeness_n fit_a for_o drink_v yet_o i_o have_v taste_v of_o it_o three_o year_n old_a very_o pleasant_a though_o dangerous_o strong_a the_o colour_n of_o it_o when_o fine_a be_v of_o a_o sparkle_a yellow_a like_a canary_n of_o a_o good_a full_a body_n and_o oily_a the_o taste_n like_o the_o flavour_n or_o perfume_n of_o excellent_a peach_n very_o grateful_a to_o the_o palate_n and_o stomach_n gennet-moyle_n make_v a_o cider_n of_o a_o small_a body_n than_o the_o former_a yet_o very_o pleasant_a and_o will_v last_v a_o year_n it_o be_v a_o good_a eat_v pleasant_a sharp_a fruit_n when_o ripe_a and_o the_o best_a tart-apple_n as_o the_o red-strake_a also_o before_o its_o ripeness_n the_o tree_n grow_v with_o certain_a knotty_a extuberancy_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o bough_n below_o which_o knot_n we_o cut_v off_o bough_n the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o place_v the_o knot_n in_o the_o ground_n which_o make_v the_o root_n and_o this_o be_v do_v to_o raise_v this_o fruit_n but_o very_o rare_o by_o graft_n of_o fillet_n of_o both_o sort_n viz._n summer_n and_o winter_n i_o have_v make_v cider_n of_o that_o proportionate_a taste_n and_o strength_n that_o i_o have_v deceive_v several_a experience_a palate_n with_o who_o simple_o it_o have_v pass_v for_o white-wine_n and_o dash_v it_o with_o red-wine_n it_o have_v pass_v for_o claret_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o syrup_n of_o rasp'ye_n it_o make_v a_o excellent_a woman_n wine_n the_o fruit_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o gennet-moyle_n to_o eat_v the_o winter-fillet_n make_v a_o last_a cider_n and_o the_o summer-fillet_n a_o early_a cider_n but_o both_o very_a strong_a and_o the_o apple_n mix_v together_o make_v a_o good_a cider_n these_o apple_n yield_v a_o liquor_n more_o grateful_a to_o my_o palate_n and_o so_o esteem_v of_o in_o herefordshire_n by_o the_o great_a ciderist_n than_o any_o make_v of_o pippin_n and_o pearmains_n of_o which_o sort_n we_o have_v very_o good_a in_o that_o country_n and_o those_o also_o both_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o both_o sort_n and_o of_o which_o i_o have_v drink_v the_o cider_n but_o prefer_v the_o other_o ground_n separate_v only_o with_o a_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o soil_n have_v give_v a_o great_a alteration_n to_o the_o cider_n notwithstanding_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v graff_v with_o equal_a care_n the_o same_o graff_n and_o last_o the_o same_o care_n take_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o cider_n this_o as_o to_o the_o red-strake_a i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o same_o niceness_n in_o any_o other_o fruit_n for_o gennet-moyle_n and_o fillet_n thrive_v very_o well_o over_o all_o herefordshire_n the_o red-strake_a delight_n most_o in_o a_o fat_a soil_n hamlacy_n be_v a_o rich_a intermix_v soil_n of_o red-fat-clay_n and_o sand_n and_o kings-capel_a a_o low_a hot_a sandy_a ground_n both_o well_o defend_v from_o noxious_a wind_n and_o both_o very_a famous_a for_o the_o red-strake-cider_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n in_o hereford_n and_o worcestershire_n which_o be_v call_v bareland-pear_n which_o make_v a_o very_a good_a cider_n i_o call_v it_o