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the_o abyssinian_n philosophy_n confute_v or_o telluris_n theoria_fw-la neither_o sacred_a nor_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o translation_n of_o petrus_n ramazzini_n of_o the_o wonderful_a spring_n of_o modena_n illustrate_v with_o many_o curious_a remark_n and_o experiment_n by_o the_o author_n and_o translator_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o new_a hypothesis_n deduce_v from_o scripture_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o nature_n with_o a_o addition_n of_o some_o miscellany_n experiment_n by_o robert_n st._n clair_n m._n d._n non_fw-la mihi_fw-la sed_fw-la rationi_fw-la aut_fw-la quae_fw-la ratio_fw-la esse_fw-la videtur_fw-la milito_n securus_fw-la quid_fw-la mordicus_fw-la hic_fw-la tenet_fw-la dut_fw-mi hic_fw-la scaliger_n london_n print_v for_o the_o author_n and_o sell_v by_o w._n newton_n over_o against_o st._n bartholomew-close-gate_n in_o little-britain_n 1697._o to_o the_o true_o honourable_a sophronius_n philalethes_n this_o treatise_n of_o the_o 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pretend_a interpreter_n who_o will_v pass_v a_o judgement_n on_o her_o most_o hide_a work_n where_o they_o never_o can_v pretend_v to_o make_v the_o least_o observation_n on_o which_o to_o found_v their_o judgement_n the_o respect_n the_o author_n show_v to_o scripture_n authority_n be_v the_o rather_o remarkable_a in_o he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n who_o by_o we_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o contrary_a vice_n which_o make_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o theorist_n a_o profess_a protestant_n more_o black_a that_o be_v so_o bold_a in_o contradict_v it_o and_o make_v it_o speak_v untruth_n to_o accommodate_v itself_o to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a which_o though_o some_o pious_a divine_n have_v allow_v in_o passage_n of_o scripture_n where_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n be_v speak_v of_o by_o the_o by_o which_o yet_o i_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o the_o confutation_n of_o the_o theory_n yet_o to_o make_v the_o whole_a first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n wherein_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n do_v è_fw-la composito_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o creation_n false_a be_v a_o piece_n of_o presumption_n few_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o beside_o our_o theorist_n as_o for_o the_o confutation_n of_o the_o theory_n though_o the_o performance_n may_v be_v short_a of_o what_o the_o subject_a require_v yet_o i_o hope_v the_o design_n will_v please_v you_o which_o be_v to_o vindicate_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o scripture_n for_o which_o i_o know_v you_o have_v a_o great_a veneration_n from_o the_o false_a gloss_n and_o perversion_n of_o some_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v study_v divinity_n for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o ridicule_n it_o which_o they_o do_v the_o more_o remarkable_o that_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o breath_n they_o pretend_v a_o great_a respect_n to_o it_o in_o which_o i_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o passage_n the_o theorist_n cavil_v at_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v to_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o false_a opinion_n of_o the_o ignorant_a vulgar_a if_o in_o this_o my_o small_a endeavour_n i_o may_v find_v your_o patrocin_n i_o shall_v not_o care_v for_o the_o displeasure_n of_o these_o man_n of_o ephesus_n who_o make_v it_o be_v to_o make_v shrine_n to_o this_o their_o diana_n of_o hypothetical_n philosophy_n i_o mean_v who_o in_o their_o closet_n make_v system_n of_o the_o world_n prescribe_v law_n to_o nature_n without_o ever_o consult_v she_o by_o observation_n and_o experience_n who_o to_o use_v the_o noble_a lord_n verulam_n word_n like_o the_o spider_n with_o great_a labour_n spin_v a_o curious_a cobweb_n out_o of_o their_o brain_n that_o be_v good_a foâ—_n nothing_o but_o to_o be_v sweep_v down_o which_o though_o it_o have_v a_o great_a show_n of_o reason_n in_o effect_n have_v no_o better_a right_n to_o that_o venerable_a title_n than_o the_o fancy_n of_o those_o who_o be_v say_v to_o make_v windmill_n in_o their_o head_n i_o have_v give_v the_o whole_a book_n the_o title_n of_o the_o abyssinian_n philosophy_n confute_v because_o as_o the_o preface_n be_v a_o confutation_n of_o the_o theory_n so_o if_o you_o read_v rammazzini_fw-la from_o page_n 88_o at_o the_o end_n to_z page_z 102._o you_o will_v find_v that_o the_o theory_n be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o the_o abyssinian_n philosophy_n if_o not_o take_v from_o it_o which_o be_v evident_a to_o be_v a_o mere_a fiction_n be_v ground_n enough_o for_o the_o title_n and_o confutation_n enough_o though_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o i_o shall_v not_o far_o encroach_v upon_o your_o time_n but_o here_o make_v a_o end_n after_o i_o have_v subscribe_v myself_o worthy_a sir_n your_o most_o affectionate_a and_o devote_a servant_n roâ—_n st._n clair_n to_o the_o reader_n when_o this_o book_n come_v first_o to_o my_o hand_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o a_o friend_n who_o about_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a a_o go_v bring_v it_o from_o italy_n after_o once_o read_v i_o be_v so_o take_v with_o the_o principal_a matter_n of_o fact_n therein_o contain_v and_o the_o â—â—genious_a thing_n with_o which_o the_o author_n illustrates_n it_o that_o i_o will_v not_o part_v with_o it_o till_o i_o can_v send_v it_o abroad_o in_o a_o english_a dress_n as_o be_v better_o than_o any_o other_o argument_n to_o show_v the_o vanity_n of_o these_o man_n labour_n that_o will_v describe_v to_o we_o a_o world_n of_o their_o own_o fancy_v instead_o of_o one_o of_o god_n make_v who_o when_o they_o have_v set_v it_o out_o to_o the_o best_a advantage_n can_v discover_v to_o we_o at_o the_o best_a but_o a_o bare_a conjecture_n which_o leave_v the_o mind_n uncertain_a instead_o of_o satisfy_v it_o with_o solid_a reason_n and_o be_v unprofitable_a either_o as_o to_o life_n or_o religion_n yet_o if_o that_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o may_v be_v bear_v with_o as_o other_o luxuriance_n of_o humane_a wit_n that_o oftenspend_v itself_o on_o superfluity_n when_o it_o be_v
by_o degree_n and_o raise_v a_o few_o bubble_n i_o observe_v it_o to_o decrease_v but_o when_o the_o new_a well_o be_v fill_v it_o â—ose_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n have_v often_o understand_v by_o the_o digger_n of_o the_o well_n that_o they_o hear_v a_o great_a noise_n of_o the_o water_n run_v under_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_n and_o that_o when_o it_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v hear_v they_o take_v it_o as_o a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v time_n to_o boar_n to_o be_v assure_v of_o this_o i_o go_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o well_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o february_n hold_v a_o light_a candle_n in_o my_o hand_n the_o well_o be_v build_v in_o a_o place_n of_o no_o great_a light_n have_v stay_v there_o a_o little_a i_o perceive_v a_o manifest_a murmur_n and_o noise_n yet_o not_o such_o as_o i_o expect_v then_o i_o stamp_v on_o the_o ground_n with_o all_o my_o force_n upon_o which_o the_o ground_n make_v a_o hideous_a noise_n so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o have_v to_o 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the_o digger_n perceive_v no_o less_o cold_a in_o the_o summertime_n in_o these_o well_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n they_o refuse_v to_o undertake_v such_o a_o work_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n see_v beside_o the_o great_a cold_a which_o oppress_v they_o such_o a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v also_o seize_v they_o that_o they_o be_v almost_o suffocate_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o smoke_n rise_v likewise_o at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o as_o to_o put_v out_o the_o candle_n which_o never_o happen_v in_o the_o winter_n for_o than_o they_o breathe_v easy_o enough_o and_o the_o candle_n stand_v unmoved_a the_o digger_n complain_v much_o of_o a_o bad_a smell_n when_o they_o dig_v in_o the_o well_n in_o a_o hot_a season_n especial_o when_o they_o light_v on_o stump_n of_o tree_n for_o the_o rot_a wood_n send_v forth_o a_o most_o vile_a stink_n which_o in_o the_o wintertime_n they_o do_v not_o experience_n though_o at_o that_o time_n they_o perceive_v a_o great_a heat_n in_o these_o well_n but_o seldom_o be_v these_o well_n dig_v in_o which_o they_o do_v not_o meet_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o tree_n as_o oak_n walnut-tree_n elm_n ash_n some_o of_o which_o stand_v upright_o and_o some_o lie_v along_o but_o it_o appear_v not_o by_o any_o mark_n that_o they_o have_v be_v cut_v by_o man_n hand_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v think_v that_o these_o wood_n be_v only_o the_o habitation_n of_o wild_a beast_n in_o former_a time_n these_o tree_n when_o they_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o digger_n be_v soft_a enough_o but_o when_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n they_o grow_v hard_o like_o coral_n when_o they_o be_v make_v such_o a_o well_o as_o this_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o april_n i_o observe_v the_o rise_n of_o such_o a_o smoky_a exhalation_n that_o the_o dig_a can_v scarce_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o bottom_n who_o also_o say_v he_o be_v very_o cold_a and_o that_o he_o can_v hardly_o breathe_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v trouble_v with_o a_o cough_n but_o when_o the_o air_n on_o a_o sudden_a be_v change_v to_o cold_a immediate_o the_o say_a exhalation_n evanisht_v and_o the_o dig_a can_v breathe_v free_o enough_o and_o he_o say_v he_o feel_v a_o moderate_a heat_n be_v to_o try_v what_o temper_n these_o well_n be_v of_o in_o the_o month_n next_o to_o the_o summer_n i_o go_v down_o into_o a_o well_o which_o a_o french_a jeweller_n be_v dig_v in_o his_o house_n about_o the_o end_n of_o may_n before_o it_o be_v bore_v and_o i_o find_v such_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o climate_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n during_o the_o time_n that_o i_o stay_v there_o my_o chest_n and_o my_o breast_n be_v so_o straighten_a that_o my_o heart_n do_v pant_v very_o much_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v a_o great_a noise_n of_o water_n in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o yet_o the_o ground_n be_v beat_v do_v give_v a_o frightful_a sound_n as_o before_o while_o i_o be_v write_v this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a air_n in_o a_o well_o that_o be_v then_o dig_v by_o let_v down_o into_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o thermometer_n and_o barometer_n to_o several_a depth_n and_o mark_v the_o difference_n that_o be_v between_o the_o open_a air_n and_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o well_n when_o they_o be_v a_o dig_v and_o especial_o in_o the_o summer_n month_n in_o which_o the_o workman_n seldom_o undertake_v such_o a_o business_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n aforementioned_a wherefore_o i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o follow_a table_n that_o it_o may_v be_v better_o know_v what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o subterraneous_a and_o the_o open_a air_n which_o will_v be_v also_o very_o convenient_a and_o curious_a if_o try_v in_o the_o winter_n time_n but_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o quite_o contrary_a thing_n happen_v then_o which_o i_o will_v try_v with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n the_o 12_o day_n of_o june_n the_o 23_o day_n of_o june_n the_o 27_o day_n of_o june_n the_o 1_o day_n of_o july_n the_o height_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n without_o the_o well_o g._n 80._o the_o height_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n without_o the_o well_o g._n 77._o the_o height_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n g._n 74._o the_o height_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n without_o the_o well_o g._n 78._o in_o the_o well_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 18_o foot_n g._n 64._o in_o the_o well_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 30_o foot_n g._n 51._o in_o the_o well_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 45_o foot_n g._n 44._o in_o the_o great_a depth_n of_o the_o well_o g._n 40._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n g._n 80._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n without_o the_o well_o g._n 80._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n without_o the_o well_o g._n 78._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o barometer_n without_o the_o well_o g._n 79._o 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take_v off_o they_o easy_o drive_v away_o the_o sickness_n of_o these_o fountain_n which_o be_v their_o flowness_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o same_o end_n they_o also_o either_o make_v a_o new_a hole_n or_o open_v the_o old_a one_o with_o a_o instrument_n make_v of_o many_o wooden_a cylinder_n which_o they_o let_v down_o into_o the_o well_n with_o great_a auger_n fasten_v in_o the_o end_n of_o it_o but_o these_o fountain_n be_v subject_a to_o no_o other_o fault_n they_o maintain_v the_o same_o purity_n of_o their_o water_n uncorrupted_a and_o as_o in_o moist_a season_n they_o feel_v no_o
posture_n from_o the_o bottom_n by_o strike_v the_o water_n with_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o bottom_n he_o make_v that_o syphon_n more_o press_v and_o therefore_o the_o swimmer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n ascend_v just_o as_o when_o the_o scale_n be_v put_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la if_o i_o hit_v the_o scale_n in_o the_o hollow_a part_n that_o will_v be_v depress_v and_o the_o other_o lift_v up_o the_o same_o reason_n hold_v when_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v by_o line_n incline_v to_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o whether_o he_o ascend_v or_o descend_v or_o whatever_o way_n he_o move_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v under_o no_o dolorous_a pressure_n how_o deep_a soever_o the_o water_n be_v for_o see_v according_a to_o the_o most_o ingenious_a borellus_n body_n do_v not_o appear_v heavy_a but_o when_o they_o be_v in_o rest_n aâ—_n appear_v in_o a_o example_n give_v by_o he_o of_o two_o sack_n of_o wool_n one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v on_o the_o other_o do_v not_o exerce_fw-la its_o weight_n or_o press_v it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v rest_v and_o not_o when_o it_o descend_v therefore_o the_o swimmer_n descend_v in_o the_o water_n perpendicular_o ought_v not_o to_o suffer_v any_o pressure_n in_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o the_o same_o swiftness_n but_o when_o he_o be_v carry_v up_o by_o the_o same_o way_n see_v by_o his_o body_n he_o thrust_v upward_o the_o water_n lie_v upon_o he_o which_o he_o do_v not_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o collateral_a syphon_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o help_n of_o his_o muscle_n to_o overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o superincumbent_a water_n neither_o ought_v he_o to_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o dolorous_a pressure_n to_o which_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la come_v in_o behind_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v by_o not_o suffer_v any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n upon_o the_o same_o 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still-born_a as_o for_o the_o divers_a rise_n or_o fall_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o in_o a_o oar_n when_o the_o blade_n of_o it_o move_v with_o great_a force_n than_o the_o water_n it_o make_v resistance_n to_o the_o oar_n which_o therefore_o not_o advance_v the_o boat_n of_o necessity_n must_v so_o when_o a_o man_n press_v the_o water_n quick_o downward_o it_o make_v resistance_n to_o his_o hand_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n not_o give_v way_n fast_o enough_o the_o body_n must_v be_v thrust_v upward_o just_a as_o in_o the_o air_n if_o a_o man_n between_o two_o chair_n do_v forcible_o thrust_v they_o down_o with_o his_o two_o hand_n he_o must_v be_v lift_v up_o because_o they_o do_v not_o give_v way_n the_o author_n say_v the_o pressure_n be_v not_o feel_v when_o the_o diver_n be_v ascend_v or_o descend_v because_o the_o water_n be_v in_o motion_n do_v not_o press_v upon_o the_o body_n but_o it_o may_v be_v make_v manifest_a that_o it_o do_v and_o experience_n make_v it_o beyond_o contradiction_n that_o they_o feel_v no_o pressure_n when_o the_o water_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o the_o divers_a do_v own_o that_o they_o feel_v a_o pressure_n rather_o in_o the_o go_n down_o in_o the_o diving-bell_n than_o afterward_o as_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n tell_v i_o be_v have_v communicate_v to_o he_o by_o the_o laird_n of_o melgum_n who_o practise_v this_o way_n of_o dive_v in_o these_o word_n the_o compression_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o as_o go_v down_o do_v hurt_v i_o but_o below_o and_o stay_v there_o be_v as_o familiar_a to_o i_o as_o that_o above_o chap._n iii_o that_o these_o fountain_n can_v be_v derive_v from_o a_o subterraneous_a river_n see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o from_o what_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o flow_v of_o these_o water_n towards_o the_o sea_n may_v consist_v with_o their_o rise_n here_o and_o in_o any_o place_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a 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cast_v up_o by_o this_o fountain_n and_o also_o the_o sea_n themselves_o be_v think_v to_o communicate_v by_o occult_a passage_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a with_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o the_o caspian_a with_o the_o euxine_a as_o the_o most_o learned_a kircher_n make_v out_o by_o good_a conjecture_n father_n auril_n a_o jesuit_n in_o his_o travel_n into_o tartary_n say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o it_o discharge_v its_o self_n into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n of_o which_o this_o be_v his_o main_a proof_n that_o they_o who_o inhabit_v about_o the_o persian_a gulf_n do_v every_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n observe_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o willow-leaves_a now_o in_o regard_n this_o sort_n of_o tree_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o the_o southerin_n part_n of_o persia_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o quite_o the_o contrary_a the_o northern_a part_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o kilan_n or_o the_o caspian-sea_n have_v all_o the_o seacoast_n of_o it_o shade_v with_o these_o tree_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o with_o probability_n enough_o that_o these_o leave_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o other_o but_o only_o by_o the_o water_n that_o roll_z they_o along_o through_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o father_n auril_n who_o further_a for_o establish_v a_o circulation_n of_o water_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n describe_v a_o great_a whirlpool_n under_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o which_o also_o olaus_n magnus_n and_o helmont_n have_v write_v by_o which_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v absonbed_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v return_v by_o the_o south_n pole_n some_o say_v that_o this_o change_v its_o course_n
and_o wide_a place_n form_v by_o the_o mountain_n hang_v over_o they_o then_o although_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o some_o place_n river_n of_o great_a bigness_n flow_v under_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v not_o therefore_o believe_v that_o in_o this_o great_a plain_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o subterraneous_a cavity_n and_o that_o field_n of_o so_o great_a a_o largeness_n can_v stand_v without_o ruin_n for_o so_o long_a time_n i_o must_v add_v moreover_o that_o the_o depth_n of_o this_o river_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o breadth_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v small_a because_o nature_n build_v all_o her_o cave_n and_o subterraneous_a passage_n archwise_o which_o all_o must_v have_v a_o depth_n proportionable_a to_o the_o breadth_n otherwise_o they_o lose_v their_o force_n and_o common_o they_o be_v of_o a_o circular_a figure_n or_o come_v near_o to_o it_o i._n e._n as_o deep_a as_o they_o be_v broad_a which_o in_o this_o case_n must_v be_v at_o least_o 4_o mile_n ☜_o but_o this_o cavity_n be_v of_o no_o depth_n almost_o yea_o but_o a_o few_o foot_n viz._n as_o much_o as_o the_o auger_n have_v make_v in_o bore_v for_o pass_v a_o iron_n rod_n throw_v the_o hole_n the_o bottom_n be_v present_o find_v as_o i_o have_v often_o try_v with_o other_o that_o have_v be_v with_o i_o moreover_o see_v the_o digger_n in_o the_o very_a terebration_n often_o fall_v on_o stock_n of_o tree_n as_o myself_o have_v often_o observe_v we_o must_v confess_v therefore_o that_o these_o tree_n have_v be_v before_o in_o open_a air_n and_o see_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o well_n be_v often_o find_v bone_n coal_n and_o piece_n of_o iron_n we_o be_v likewise_o force_v to_o believe_v that_o people_n have_v former_o live_v on_o that_o ground_n or_o we_o must_v think_v that_o this_o great_a river_n at_o that_o time_n have_v a_o cover_n of_o 6_o or_o 8_o foot_n and_o that_o this_o our_o plain_n do_v afterward_o grow_v high_a by_o the_o daily_a descent_n of_o water_n from_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o pare_n off_o of_o the_o upper_a ground_n but_o the_o above_o mention_v difficulty_n do_v still_o occur_v but_o let_v we_o suppose_v this_o great_a river_n run_v this_o way_n and_o that_o hitherto_o he_o have_v suffer_v a_o bridge_n from_o whence_o i_o pray_v come_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o water_n to_o fill_v this_o great_a cavity_n which_o we_o must_v always_o suppose_v to_o be_v full_a to_o make_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o well_n see_v to_o sustain_v the_o royal_a dignity_n of_o the_o po_n scarce_o so_o many_o river_n run_v into_o it_o from_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o alps_o be_v sufficient_a and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n we_o may_v affirm_v that_o the_o po_n come_v far_o short_a of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n last_o if_o this_o river_n must_v be_v 4_o mile_n broad_a i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o in_o all_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o source_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o well_n be_v always_o find_v the_o same_o for_o the_o well_n which_o be_v dig_v near_o the_o side_n of_o this_o great_a arch_n will_v be_v deep_o than_o those_o elsewhere_o but_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o difference_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o these_o well_n we_o can_v therefore_o give_v way_n to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n notwithstanding_o the_o conjecture_n mention_v which_o we_o shall_v short_o answer_v and_o far_o less_o must_v we_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v many_o subterraneous_a stream_n flow_v from_o the_o same_o cistern_n and_o distinguish_v by_o interval_n which_o give_v water_n continual_o to_o these_o fountain_n for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v see_v there_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o of_o fountain_n and_o continual_o such_o well_n be_v make_v both_o in_o the_o city_n and_o suburb_n that_o the_o undertaker_n never_o fall_v upon_o such_o interstice_n in_o the_o bore_v as_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v and_o which_o one_o can_v never_o admire_v enough_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o caution_n here_o no_o need_n of_o diligence_n in_o choose_v a_o place_n see_v any_o place_n mark_v out_o either_o in_o the_o city_n or_o without_o for_o many_o mile_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o building_n of_o these_o well_n and_o all_o the_o difficulty_n in_o dig_v these_o well_n be_v in_o keep_v out_o the_o side-water_n which_o sometime_o flow_v in_o in_o great_a quantity_n so_o that_o they_o need_v a_o wall_n of_o brick_n to_o keep_v it_o out_o but_o when_o the_o workman_n have_v come_v to_o this_o last_o bottom_n then_o as_o have_v get_v their_o wish_n they_o begin_v their_o perforation_n with_o as_o great_a assurance_n of_o get_v water_n by_o their_o auger_n as_o if_o they_o have_v moses_n his_o rod._n neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o to_o be_v entertain_v who_o think_v that_o the_o subterraneous_a space_n from_o which_o these_o water_n flow_v be_v former_o the_o channel_n of_o scultenna_n and_o gabellus_n between_o which_o two_o river_n modena_n be_v now_o place_v which_o 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most_o pure_a water_n from_o these_o fountain_n be_v so_o uniform_a and_o constant_a that_o it_o be_v improbable_a they_o shall_v depend_v on_o the_o unconstant_a and_o unequal_a state_n and_o course_n of_o these_o river_n for_o the_o water_n decrease_v in_o the_o deep_a vein_n the_o pressure_n will_v also_o decrease_v and_o so_o these_o fountain_n will_v be_v diminish_v moreover_o see_v the_o country_n of_o rhegium_n parma_n and_o all_o on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o plain_a and_o many_o river_n descend_v from_o the_o apennine_a glide_v over_o these_o country_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o same_o prerogative_n when_o well_n be_v dig_v deep_a in_o they_o but_o no_o where_o that_o i_o know_v of_o
nor_o have_v the_o name_n of_o royal_a till_o by_o the_o accession_n of_o so_o many_o river_n he_o have_v enlarge_v his_o power_n and_o therefore_o herodot_n a_o most_o ancient_a writer_n deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o river_n find_v call_v eridanus_n which_o be_v no_o small_a matter_n of_o admiration_n to_o pliny_n that_o when_o herodot_n write_v his_o history_n at_o thurium_n in_o italy_n he_o know_v no_o river_n by_o the_o name_n of_o eridanus_n but_o see_v herodot_n as_o pliny_n relate_v make_v his_o history_n 310_o year_n after_o the_o sound_n of_o rome_n we_o may_v thence_o conjecture_v that_o the_o po_n do_v at_o that_o time_n run_v with_o less_o glory_n and_o in_o a_o straight_a channel_n or_o that_o the_o historian_n speak_v of_o another_o river_n there_o be_v distinct_a enough_o mention_v make_v of_o this_o lake_n in_o the_o forecited_a johan._n de_fw-fr argenta_n and_o especial_o in_o leander_n albertus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o italy_n who_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o this_o lake_n from_o lamon_n by_o ravenna_n even_o to_o scultenna_n and_o tell_v all_o the_o river_n which_o within_o this_o space_n descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n into_o this_o lake_n and_o there_o end_v their_o course_n and_o that_o hercules_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n suffer_v the_o bononian_n to_o bring_v the_o rhine_n within_o his_o bank_n that_o so_o he_o may_v enter_v into_o the_o po_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o valley_n of_o ferrara_n and_o also_o bononia_n be_v turn_v into_o most_o fruitful_a land_n but_o when_o afterward_o the_o rhine_n have_v break_v over_o his_o bank_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hercules_n the_o second_o when_o the_o field_n be_v again_o turn_v into_o water_n and_o many_o contention_n arise_v among_o the_o bononian_n and_o ferrarian_o at_o length_n the_o same_o prince_n grant_v that_o the_o rhine_n may_v be_v again_o bring_v into_o the_o po_n therefore_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o country_n in_o which_o modena_n be_v now_o place_v be_v very_o low_a see_v this_o country_n border_v upon_o padusa_n into_o which_o so_o many_o river_n do_v run_v of_o the_o lowness_n of_o which_o rush_n coal_n bone_n stock_n of_o tree_n find_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o 63_o foot_n be_v most_o sure_a proof_n all_o which_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o this_o ground_n be_v sometime_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o other_o aspect_n than_o now_o the_o valley_n of_o como_n have_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o cluverius_n in_o his_o description_n of_o italy_n think_v a_o certain_a place_n oâ—_n pliny_n deserve_v amendment_n for_o pliny_n when_o he_o have_v describe_v certain_a island_n float_v in_o several_a place_n like_o the_o cyclades_n as_o in_o the_o caecuban_a land_n the_o reatine_a the_o lake_n of_o vadimon_n write_v that_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o land_n of_o modena_n but_o cluverius_n for_o matiensis_fw-la place_v 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overgrow_v with_o reed_n and_o afterward_o near_o mutina_n in_o a_o little_a isle_n of_o the_o river_n labinius_fw-la when_o at_o that_o time_n the_o land_n of_o modena_n be_v extend_v so_o far_o the_o triumvir_n meet_v and_o establish_v that_o horrible_a banishment_n of_o their_o countryman_n when_o yet_o in_o this_o our_o age_n there_o be_v no_o vestigy_n either_o of_o fen_n or_o island_n only_o most_o pleasant_a field_n be_v to_o be_v see_v so_o that_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o poet_n we_o may_v cry_v out_o tantum_n aevi_fw-la long_a inqua_fw-la valet_fw-la mutare_fw-la vetustas_fw-la such_o wondrous_a change_n great_a length_n of_o time_n do_v bring_v yet_o this_o grow_a up_o of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o great_a depth_n of_o these_o well_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o deep_a part_n whether_o humane_a industry_n can_v reach_v be_v but_o slow_o make_v and_o by_o slice_n as_o it_o be_v through_o length_n of_o time_n as_o the_o several_a lay_n of_o earth_n do_v witness_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o well_n constant_o in_o a_o equal_a order_n and_o distance_n when_o they_o be_v dig_v so_o that_o this_o grow_a up_o of_o the_o ground_n so_o well_o distinguish_v and_o so_o remarkable_a in_o the_o dig_v of_o all_o well_n aught_o to_o be_v think_v rather_o the_o product_n of_o so_o many_o age_n than_o the_o tumultuary_a and_o confuse_a work_n of_o the_o common_a deluge_n this_o doubtless_o then_o be_v the_o face_n of_o the_o country_n on_o this_o and_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o po_n which_o be_v former_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o not_o habitable_a now_o be_v remarkable_a for_o its_o largeness_n and_o the_o fertility_n of_o its_o field_n and_o have_v in_o it_o many_o town_n and_o city_n for_o if_o we_o turn_v over_o old_a author_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o town_n or_o city_n below_o brixillus_fw-la and_o cremona_n near_o the_o po_n even_o to_o the_o adriatic_a but_o as_o many_o as_o be_v and_o yet_o be_v in_o the_o region_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n be_v build_v either_o near_o the_o root_n of_o the_o apennine_a or_o not_o far_o from_o they_o as_o bononia_n modena_n regium_n parma_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o may_v infer_v both_o from_o what_o be_v say_v before_o and_o also_o from_o the_o little_a that_o this_o sandy_a bed_n through_o which_o these_o subterraneous_a water_n do_v run_v want_v of_o be_v in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o sea_n do_v cover_v this_o country_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o according_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o aleottus_fw-la de_fw-fr argenta_n a_o most_o diligent_a hydrographer_n who_o we_o before_o cite_v the_o rhine_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n near_o bononia_n to_o the_o po_n into_o which_o it_o do_v now_o no_o more_o run_v have_v a_o declivity_n of_o 123_o foot_n 7_o inch_n and_o the_o po_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o descent_n of_o 15_o foot_n 7_o inch_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a declivity_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o perpendicular_a height_n to_o the_o seashore_n will_v be_v 139_o foot_n omit_v the_o small_a measure_n the_o plain_a out_o of_o which_o these_o fountain_n spring_n and_o that_o mutina_n stand_v on_o which_o be_v distant_a about_o 10_o mile_n from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n will_v differ_v no_o more_o than_o 20_o or_o 40_o foot_n from_o the_o level_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o one_o may_v conjecture_v see_v i_o have_v not_o leisure_n to_o examine_v these_o matter_n exact_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o great_a matter_n but_o if_o we_o may_v dig_v further_o down_o other_o bed_n will_v doubtless_o appear_v till_o we_o meet_v at_o last_o with_o the_o plain_n which_o be_v former_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o search_v into_o other_o thing_n and_o to_o get_v out_o of_o these_o profound_a abysses_n if_o we_o can_v go_v no_o further_o chap._n v._n what_o be_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o this_o hide_a spring_n as_o in_o the_o work_v of_o art_n it_o be_v not_o so_o safe_a from_o the_o similitude_n of_o effect_n which_o fall_v under_o our_o eye_n nor_o without_o fear_n of_o a_o mistake_n to_o infer_v the_o same_o artifice_n of_o mechanical_a part_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o two_o watch_n which_o though_o they_o have_v the_o same_o outward_a form_n and_o exact_o perform_v the_o same_o operation_n as_o to_o time_n yet_o may_v have_v the_o inward_a structure_n quite_o different_a so_o it_o be_v less_o safe_a to_o make_v the_o same_o judgement_n of_o the_o curious_a work_v of_o nature_n and_o to_o determine_v what_o instrument_n it_o use_v and_o what_o be_v its_o way_n of_o work_v wherefore_o it_o be_v much_o as_o aristotle_n say_v if_o thing_n obscure_a and_o hide_v to_o our_o sense_n