Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) |
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A50514
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The institutions of the law of Scotland by Sir George Mackenzie ...
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Mackenzie, George, Sir, 1636-1691.
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1684
(1684)
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Wing M158; ESTC R17260
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97,367
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403
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but_o be_v juris_fw-la divini_fw-la which_o be_v either_o sacred_a such_o as_o the_o bell_n of_o church_n for_o though_o we_o have_v no_o consecration_n of_o thing_n since_o the_o reformation_n yet_o some_o thing_n have_v a_o relative_n holiness_n and_o sanctity_n and_o so_o fall_v not_o under_o commerce_n that_o be_v to_o say_v can_v be_v buy_v and_o sell_v by_o private_a person_n quinto_fw-la thing_n that_o be_v call_v sanctae_fw-la so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v guard_v from_o the_o injury_n of_o man_n by_o special_a sanction_n as_o the_o wall_n of_o city_n person_n of_o ambassador_n and_o law_n sexto_fw-la thing_n religious_a such_o as_o church-yeard_n as_o to_o those_o thing_n which_o fall_v within_o commerce_n we_o may_v acquire_v right_a to_o they_o either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n or_o by_o our_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n dominion_n or_o property_n be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n either_o by_o our_o own_o fact_n and_o deed_n or_o secundo_fw-la by_o a_o connexion_n with_o or_o dependence_n upon_o thing_n belong_v to_o we_o the_o first_o by_o a_o general_n term_n be_v call_v occupation_n and_o the_o last_o accession_n occupation_n be_v the_o apropriate_a and_o apprehend_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o none_o and_o thus_o we_o acquire_v property_n in_o wild_a beast_n of_o which_o we_o acquire_v a_o right_a how_o soon_o we_o apprehend_v they_o or_o be_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o with_o probability_n to_o apprehend_v they_o as_o also_o we_o retain_v a_o right_n to_o they_o whilst_o they_o remain_v in_o our_o possession_n and_o evenafter_o they_o have_v escape_v if_o they_o be_v yet_o recoverable_a by_o we_o secundo_fw-la propertie_n come_v by_o accession_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o house_n build_v upon_o or_o tree_n take_v root_n in_o our_o ground_n and_o the_o product_n also_o of_o our_o beast_n belong_v to_o we_o and_o ground_n that_o grow_v to_o our_o ground_n become_v insensible_o we_o and_o be_v call_v alluvio_n by_o the_o civilian_n and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o law_n that_o accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la naturam_fw-la svi_fw-la principalis_fw-la and_o yet_o a_o picture_n draw_v by_o a_o great_a master_n upon_o another_o man_n sheet_n or_o table_n belong_v to_o the_o painter_n and_o not_o to_o the_o master_n of_o that_o whereon_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o meanness_n of_o the_o one_o cede_v to_o the_o nobleness_n of_o the_o other_o there_o be_v many_o other_o way_n of_o acquire_v right_o and_o property_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v either_o to_o occupation_n or_o accession_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v make_v a_o ship_n of_o my_o wood_n it_o will_v become_v the_o maker_n and_o will_v not_o belong_v to_o i_o to_o who_o the_o wood_n belong_v and_o this_o be_v call_v specification_n in_o which_o this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o if_o the_o species_n can_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o rude_a mass_n of_o matter_n than_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v also_o owner_n of_o the_o species_n or_o thing_n make_v as_o if_o a_o cup_n be_v make_v of_o another_o man_n silver_n the_o cup_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o maker_n but_o to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o mettle_n because_o it_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o first_o mass_n of_o silver_n but_o if_o it_o can_v be_v reduce_v than_o the_o species_n will_v undoubted_o belong_v to_o he_o that_o make_v it_o and_o not_o to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o matter_n as_o wine_n and_o oil_n make_v of_o another_o grape_n and_o olive_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o maker_n see_v wine_n can_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o grape_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v propertie_n be_v likewise_o acquire_v when_o two_o or_o more_o person_n mix_v together_o in_o one_o what_o former_o belong_v to_o they_o several_o and_o if_o the_o material_o mix_v be_v liquid_a it_o be_v call_v by_o a_o special_a name_n confusion_n as_o when_o several_a person_n wine_n be_v mix_v and_o confound_v together_o but_o if_o the_o particular_n mix_v be_v dry_a and_o solid_a so_o as_o to_o retain_v their_o different_a shape_n and_o form_n it_o be_v call_v commixtion_n and_o in_o both_o case_n if_o the_o confusion_n or_o commixtion_n be_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o body_n or_o thing_n result_v from_o it_o be_v common_a to_o they_o all_o but_o if_o the_o commixtion_n be_v by_o chance_n then_o if_o the_o material_o can_v be_v separate_v the_o thing_n be_v yet_o common_a as_o when_o the_o grain_n or_o corn_n of_o two_o person_n be_v mix_v together_o by_o chance_n here_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o community_n because_o the_o separation_n be_v impossible_a but_o if_o two_o flock_n of_o sheep_n belong_v to_o different_a person_n shall_v by_o accident_n mix_v together_o there_o will_v be_v no_o community_n but_o every_o man_n will_v retain_v right_a to_o his_o own_o flock_n see_v they_o can_v be_v distinct_o know_v and_o separate_v and_o these_o two_o way_n of_o acquisition_n be_v by_o accerssion_n the_o last_o and_o most_o ordinary_a way_n of_o acquire_v of_o property_n be_v by_o tradition_n which_o be_v defyne_v a_o delivery_n of_o possession_n by_o the_o true_a owner_n with_o a_o design_n to_o transfer_v the_o property_n to_o the_o receiver_n and_o this_o translation_n be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o real_a delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o of_o a_o horse_n a_o cup_n etc._n etc._n or_o by_o a_o symbolic_a delivery_n as_o be_v the_o delivery_n of_o a_o little_a earth_n and_o stone_n in_o place_n of_o the_o land_n itself_o for_o where_o the_o thing_n can_v be_v true_o deliver_v the_o law_n allow_v some_o symbol_n or_o mark_n of_o tradition_n and_o so_o far_o be_v tradition_n necessary_a to_o the_o acquire_v of_o the_o prorerty_fw-mi in_o such_o case_n that_o he_o who_o get_v the_o last_o right_n but_o the_o first_o tradition_n be_v still_o prefer_v by_o our_o law_n if_o he_o who_o be_v once_o proprietar_n do_v willing_o quite_o his_o right_n and_o throw_v it_o away_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v pro_fw-la derelicto_fw-la habere_fw-la the_o first_o finder_n acquir_n a_o new_a right_n per_fw-la inventionem_fw-la or_o by_o find_v it_o by_o which_o way_n also_o man_n acquire_v right_a to_o treasure_n and_o to_o jewel_n lie_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o general_o to_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v former_o to_o no_o man_n or_o be_v throw_v away_o by_o they_o but_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o our_o law_n that_o what_o belong_v to_o no_o man_n be_v understand_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n prescription_n be_v a_o chief_a way_n of_o acquire_v right_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o because_o that_o title_n comprehend_v many_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v here_o understand_v i_o have_v treat_v that_o title_n among_o the_o way_n of_o lose_v right_n it_o be_v upon_o diverse_a consideration_n modus_fw-la acquirendi_fw-la &_o amittendi_fw-la we_o also_o acquire_v right_o to_o the_o fruit_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o possess_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la if_o these_o fruit_n be_v gather_v in_o or_o uplift_v and_o consume_v by_o we_o whilst_o we_o think_v we_o have_v a_o good_a right_n to_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o though_o thereafter_o our_o right_n be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v good_a yet_o the_o law_n judge_v it_o unreasonable_a to_o make_v we_o restore_v what_o we_o look_v upon_o as_o our_o own_o when_o we_o spend_v it_o and_o therefore_o whenever_o this_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la cease_v which_o may_v be_v several_a way_n especial_o by_o intent_v a_o action_n at_o the_o true_a owner_n instance_n we_o become_v answerable_a for_o these_o fruit_n though_o thereafter_o they_o be_v percepti_fw-la &_o consumpti_fw-la by_o we_o tit._n ii_o of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o heritable_a and_o movable_a right_n have_v in_o the_o former_a title_n clear_v how_o we_o acquire_v right_n we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o division_n of_o they_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a division_n of_o right_n among_o we_o be_v that_o whereby_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o heritable_a and_o movable_a right_n heritable_a right_n in_o a_o strict_a sense_n be_v only_a land_n and_o all_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v move_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o be_v movable_a but_o that_o be_v only_o count_v heritable_a in_o a_o legal_a sense_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o heir_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o fall_v to_o the_o executor_n be_v movable_a and_o so_o sum_n of_o money_n albeit_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n they_o be_v movable_a yet_o if_o they_o be_v lend_v for_o annualrent_a they_o be_v of_o old_a repute_n heritable_a for_o understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o cannon_n law_n all_o annualrent_n be_v forbid_v as_o be_v contrare_fw-la to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n money_n be_v barren_a of_o its_o
the_o bishop_n but_o it_o must_v be_v in_o his_o life-time_n nor_o be_v minor_n or_o absent_v count_v and_o one_o have_v two_o benefice_n have_v two_o vote_n but_o the_o append_v of_o the_o seal_n be_v by_o special_a statute_n declare_v to_o be_v sufficient_a in_o deed_n do_v be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n without_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o chapter_n 8._o a_o person_n or_o rector_n ecclesiâ—e_fw-la be_v he_o who_o be_v present_v to_o the_o teith_n jure_fw-la proprio_fw-la but_o because_o of_o old_a parsonage_n be_v bestow_v on_o monastries_n therefore_o they_o send_v vicar_n who_o serve_v the_o cure_n for_o they_o and_o who_o get_v a_o share_n of_o the_o stipend_n for_o their_o pain_n either_o ad_fw-la placitum_fw-la and_o they_o be_v call_v simple_a vicar_n or_o for_o life_n and_o they_o be_v call_v perpetual_a vicar_n and_o after_o the_o reformation_n the_o church_n which_o so_o belong_v to_o they_o continue_v vicarage_n still_o the_o titular_a who_o come_v in_o place_n of_o the_o convent_n retain_v the_o right_a to_o the_o parsonage_n duty_n there_o be_v in_o time_n of_o popery_n collegiate_n kirk_n build_v and_o dote_v by_o king_n and_o great_a man_n for_o sing_v of_o mass_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o provost_n and_o some_o for_o sing_v who_o be_v call_v prebend_n and_o because_o some_o parish_n be_v wide_a some_o be_v allow_v to_o build_v a_o chapel_n for_o their_o private_a devotion_n and_o since_o the_o reformation_n these_o chaplanary_n and_o prebendary_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v bestow_v by_o the_o patron_n upon_o burser_n in_o college_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o foundation_n 12_o for_o understand_v all_o these_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o the_o primitive_a church_n either_o to_o invite_v man_n to_o build_v or_o dote_v or_o to_o reward_v such_o as_o have_v do_v allow_v such_o as_o either_o have_v build_v or_o have_v bestow_v the_o ground_n whereon_o to_o build_v or_o have_v dote_v a_o church_n already_o build_v to_o present_v alone_o if_o they_o be_v the_o only_a benefactor_n or_o by_o turn_n if_o there_o be_v more_o and_o they_o be_v call_v patron_n or_o advocati_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la according_a to_o that_o patronum_fw-la faciunt_fw-la do_v aedificatio_fw-la fundus_fw-la when_o a_o church_n vaike_v the_o patron_n must_v present_v within_o six_o month_n a_o fit_a person_n to_o the_o bishop_n else_o the_o right_n of_o presentation_n fall_v to_o the_o bishop_n jure_fw-la devoluto_fw-la 1._o but_o if_o the_o bishop_n refuse_v to_o admit_v and_o collate_v the_o person_n present_v the_o patron_n must_v complain_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o if_o he_o also_o refuse_v or_o delay_n the_o privy_a council_n will_v grant_v letter_n of_o horn_v against_o the_o bishop_n to_o receive_v the_o person_n present_v aforesaid_a and_o during_o the_o vacancy_n upon_o that_o refusal_n the_o patron_n may_v retain_v the_o vacant_a stipend_n upon_o this_o presentation_n the_o bishop_n cause_v serve_v a_o edict_n on_o nine_o day_n wherein_o all_o person_n be_v after_o divine_a service_n advertise_v to_o object_n why_o such_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o benefice_n and_o if_o none_o object_n the_o bishop_n confer_v the_o church_n and_o benefice_n upon_o the_o person_n present_v and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o collation_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n cause_v enter_v he_o who_o be_v so_o collate_v by_o cause_v give_v he_o the_o bible_n and_o the_o key_n of_o the_o church_n and_o this_o be_v call_v institution_n presentation_n give_v only_o jus_o ad_fw-la rem_fw-la and_o institution_n jus_o in_o re_fw-mi and_o be_v as_o a_o seasme_n if_o the_o bishop_n be_v patron_n himself_o he_o confer_v pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o the_o presentation_n and_o collation_n be_v the_o same_o bishop_n also_o have_v mensal_n church_n so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v de_fw-fr mensa_fw-la episcopi_fw-la be_v a_o part_n of_o his_o patrimony_n in_o which_o he_o serve_v by_o his_o viccar_n and_o plant_n as_o diocessian_a bishop_n and_o if_o a_o town_n or_o paroch_n resolve_v to_o make_v a_o second_o minister_n when_o they_o be_v not_o patron_n he_o be_v call_v a_o stipendiary_a minister_n and_o he_o be_v collate_v and_o institute_v also_o but_o the_o patron_n presentation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o prebendary_n and_o other_o benefice_n which_o have_v not_o curam_fw-la animarum_fw-la and_o that_o without_o the_o necessity_n of_o collation_n or_o institution_n the_o bishop_n have_v no_o other_o interest_n in_o the_o benefice_n but_o in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v the_o cure_n of_o soul_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o minister_n must_v have_v a_o competent_a stipend_n not_o below_o eight_o chalder_n of_o victual_n or_o 800._o mark_n or_o above_o 1000_o mark_n or_o 10._o chalder_n of_o victual_n except_o there_o be_v just_a reason_n to_o give_v less_o 3._o together_o with_o a_o manse_n and_o gleib_n the_o manse_n a_o manendo_fw-la be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o minister_n be_v to_o dwell_v the_o gleib_n from_fw-la gleba_fw-la terra_fw-la be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n for_o corn_n and_o father_n to_o his_o beast_n if_o there_o be_v a_o manse_n of_o old_a belong_v to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n the_o minister_n have_v right_a to_o it_o if_o there_o be_v none_o the_o parochiner_n must_v build_v one_o not_o exceed_v 1000_o lib._n and_o not_o beneath_o 500_o mark_n 161_o at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocie_n or_o such_o minister_n as_o he_o shall_v appoint_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o most_o discreet_a man_n in_o the_o paroch_n as_o also_o the_o heritor_n be_v liable_a to_o repair_v the_o manse_n but_o the_o present_a incumbent_n be_v oblige_v to_o leave_v it_o in_o as_o good_a condition_n as_o they_o give_v it_o to_o he_o 8._o the_o minister_n glieb_n be_v to_o comprehend_v 4_o acre_n of_o arable_a land_n or_o sixteen_o sowms-grass_n where_o there_o be_v no_o arable_a land_n which_o be_v to_o be_v design_v out_o of_o the_o land_n which_o belong_v of_o old_a to_o abbot_n prior_n bishop_n friar_n or_o any_o other_o kirk_n land_v within_o the_o parish_n 48._o with_o freedom_n of_o foggage_n pasturage_n for_o a_o horse_n and_o two_o cow_n fuel_n feal_z and_o divot_n which_o gleibs_n be_v to_o be_v design_v be_v minister_n name_v by_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o advyce_n of_o two_o of_o the_o most_o honest_a and_o godly_a of_o the_o parishioner_n and_o the_o designation_n be_v to_o be_v sign_v be_v the_o designer_n 161_o if_o a_o bishop_n or_o minister_n be_v consecrate_v translate_v or_o enter_v to_o his_o benefice_n before_o whitsonday_n he_o have_v right_a to_o the_o whole_a year_n fruit_n because_o they_o be_v then_o presume_v to_o be_v full_o sow_v and_o if_o he_o be_v depose_v or_o transport_v before_o whitsonday_n for_o that_o same_o reason_n he_o have_v no_o part_n of_o that_o year_n but_o if_o he_o serve_v the_o cure_n a_o while_n after_o whitsonday_n and_o be_v transport_v or_o depose_v before_o michalmas_n he_o have_v the_o half_a of_o that_o year_n stipend_n and_o if_o he_o serve_v till_o after_o michalmas_n he_o have_v the_o whole_a year_n so_o that_o the_o legal_a term_n of_o benefice_n be_v whitsonday_n at_o which_o time_n the_o sow_v be_v end_v and_o michalmas_n at_o which_o time_n the_o fruit_n be_v reap_v they_o have_v likewise_o right_a to_o the_o annat_n after_o their_o death_n which_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o cannon_n law_n and_o by_o a_o special_a statute_n with_o we_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v half_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o benefice_n or_o stipend_n over_o and_o above_o what_o be_v due_a to_o the_o defunct_a for_o his_o incumbâ—ncie_n so_o that_o if_o he_o survive_v whitsonday_n he_o have_v the_o half_a of_o that_o year_n for_o his_o incumbencie_n and_o the_o 13._o other_o half_a a_o annat_n and_o if_o he_o survive_v michalmas_n he_o have_v the_o half_a of_o the_o next_o year_n for_o his_o annat_n there_o be_v a_o committie_n of_o parliament_n always_o sit_v call_v the_o commission_n for_o plantation_n of_o kirk_n or_o valuation_n of_o teind_n consist_v of_o so_o many_o of_o every_o estate_n of_o parliament_n who_o have_v power_n to_o modify_v and_o augment_v minister_n stipend_n and_o to_o unite_v and_o disjoin_v church_n etc._n etc._n who_o decreet_n because_o they_o be_v a_o commitie_n of_o parliament_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o session_n or_o any_o other_o inferior_a judicature_n the_o primitive_a christian_n remit_v the_o cognition_n of_o all_o case_n that_o relate_v to_o religion_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o divorce_n bastardy_n the_o protection_n of_o die_a man_n estate_n to_o their_o bishop_n or_o such_o as_o they_o employ_v under_o they_o who_o be_v call_v official_o and_o with_o we_o be_v call_v commissar_n and_o be_v call_v therefore_o judices_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la and_o they_o be_v therefore_o the_o only_a judge_n in_o divorce_n because_o it_o be_v