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by_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v ample_o touch_v on_o cedar_n and_o cypress_n be_v excellent_a in_o building_n for_o their_o lastingness_n as_o not_o in_o a_o great_a number_n of_o year_n be_v subject_a to_o corrupt_v the_o fir_n poplar_n ash_n and_o elm_n be_v exceed_o good_a for_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o building_n as_o for_o main_a timber_n joust_n rafter_n floor_n etc._n etc._n but_o hold_v not_o so_o well_o where_o they_o be_v sometime_o wet_a and_o at_o other_o time_n dry_a as_o the_o oak_n do_v for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o water_n the_o alder_n pine_n pitch-tree_n and_o elm_n make_v curious_a and_o last_a pipe_n but_o then_o they_o must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n for_o above_o ground_n they_o will_v not_o well_o hold_v especial_o in_o hot_a wether_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o rine_n especial_o all_o but_o the_o last_o which_o will_v do_v tolerable_o well_o the_o oak_n beech_n and_o walnut-tree_n endure_v very_o well_o in_o the_o water_n the_o wild-olive_n mastholm_n and_o wild-oak_n be_v of_o long_a endurance_n for_o rafter_n and_o mortice-piece_n the_o elm_n and_o ash_n be_v very_o proper_o adapt_v because_o of_o their_o length_n the_o best_a to_o bear_v weight_n be_v the_o fir_n and_o the_o larash_n which_o howsoever_o you_o lay_v they_o will_v neither_o bend_v nor_o fail_v your_o expectation_n till_o worm_n consume_v they_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o olive_n and_o the_o oak_n will_v give_v and_o bend_v and_o so_o will_v the_o poplar_n the_o wilow_n birch_n elm_n and_o date_n usual_o bend_v against_o the_o burden_n they_o bear_v the_o poplar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n give_v upon_o every_o light_a weight_n the_o elm_n and_o the_o ash_n though_o slow_a be_v easy_o bend_v these_o be_v
lay_v a_o indifferent_a weight_n upon_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v break_v the_o small_a clumper_n and_o smooth_a the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v sow_o with_o hemp_n it_o need_v not_o be_v weed_v at_o all_o because_o this_o will_v out_o strip_v and_o choke_v they_o but_o if_o with_o flax_n or_o line_n be_v a_o much_o tender_a seed_n bring_v forth_o many_o more_o tender_a leaf_n and_o branch_n then_o observe_v how_o the_o weed_n spring_v up_o and_o pluck_v they_o away_o till_o the_o flax_n be_v well_o spring_v and_o then_o it_o will_v conquer_v they_o and_o not_o be_v overgrow_v by_o they_o as_o for_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o ground_n you_o shall_v dress_v it_o as_o you_o do_v the_o clayey_a barren_a ground_n i_o have_v mention_v chap._n beginning_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n there_o appoint_v or_o indeed_o if_o urgent_a occasion_n detain_v you_o from_o it_o you_o may_v plough_v it_o up_o about_o michaelmas_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v till_o march_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proper_a seedtime_n plough_v it_o again_o and_o manure_v it_o as_o the_o clay-ground_n hack_v it_o and_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v rough_a and_o stiff_a harrow_v it_o before_o you_o sow_v it_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v small_a and_o as_o level_v as_o possible_a break_v the_o clots_n if_o any_o remain_n with_o your_o clotting-beetle_n then_o after_o the_o first_o shower_n have_v well_o moisten_v it_o go_v over_o it_o with_o a_o even_o but_o very_o weighty_a rowler_n tread_v the_o ground_n as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v and_o the_o swift_a it_o be_v draw_v the_o better_a it_o will_v crumble_v the_o ground_n under_o it_o as_o for_o weed_n here_o you_o need_v not_o much_o trouble_v yourself_o for_o the_o earth_n purposely_o thus_o order_v be_v a_o enemy_n to_o they_o and_o will_v not_o put_v forth_o any_o nor_o shall_v you_o have_v any_o trouble_n in_o dress_v it_o above_o once_o in_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n nor_o plough_v it_o after_o the_o first_o year_n but_o at_o seed-time_n if_o you_o can_v get_v with_o drag_v or_o engine_n the_o broad_a black-leaved_n seaweed_n call_v ore-weed_n grow_v in_o great_a tust_n abundant_o about_o the_o seashore_n cover_v the_o land_n with_o they_o and_o so_o plough_v they_o in_o as_o they_o may_v be_v bury_v to_o rot_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o they_o will_v be_v excellent_a manure_n give_v much_o strength_n and_o heart_n to_o the_o ground_n chap._n xxxviii_o to_o order_v hemp_n and_o flax_n when_o ripe_a in_o many_o respect_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n have_v thus_o treat_v on_o hemp_n and_o flax_n as_o to_o the_o sow_v it_o to_o profit_n and_o advantage_n not_o to_o omit_v my_o former_a method_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o speak_v something_o brief_o as_o to_o the_o order_n it_o when_o ripe_a and_o gather_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o render_v it_o useful_a flax_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o ripeness_n be_v know_v by_o the_o yellowness_n and_o swell_a of_o the_o seed_n on_o the_o top_n at_o which_o time_n gather_v it_o and_o bound_v it_o in_o little_a bundle_n set_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v that_o the_o seed_n may_v fall_v out_o into_o a_o convenient_a place_n to_o gather_v up_o and_o keep_v they_o for_o use_n viz._n either_o for_o sow_v feed_v bird_n make_v of_o medicine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o they_o fall_v not_o out_o spontanious_o you_o must_v rake_v they_o out_o with_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v or_o by_o beat_v with_o a_o pole_n card_v or_o the_o like_a when_o you_o have_v do_v this_o and_o the_o bundle_n be_v well_o dry_v lay_v they_o in_o water_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o float_v by_o press_v they_o down_o with_o weight_n and_o when_o you_o perceive_v the_o wet_a have_v make_v the_o rind_n very_o loose_a conclude_v they_o to_o be_v steep_v enough_o then_o take_v they_o out_o unbind_v the_o bundle_n and_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o sun_n again_o then_o peel_v of_o the_o rind_n and_o hatchel_v it_o on_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v fasten_v to_o a_o block_n with_o many_o long_a iron_n tooth_n and_o beat_v the_o stalk_n till_o they_o become_v loose_a and_o pliant_a so_o that_o they_o may_v in_o dress_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o fine_a short_a thread_n and_o dress_v they_o as_o the_o rind_n though_o upon_o fine_a comb_n or_o hatchel_n have_v for_o this_o purpose_n several_a degree_n of_o they_o as_o to_o fineness_n anoint_v the_o spikes_n or_o tooth_n with_o oil_n that_o they_o may_v slip_v the_o glibber_n and_o so_o you_o may_v bring_v it_o fit_a for_o use_v in_o make_v linnen-cloth_n etc._n etc._n of_o hemp_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n male_a and_o female_a the_o first_o bear_v no_o flower_n but_o a_o seed_n of_o divers_a colour_n the_o latter_a bear_v a_o flower_n the_o stalk_v be_v full_a of_o knot_n out_o of_o which_o proceed_v many_o branch_n sharp_a jagged_a or_o indent_v the_o root_n of_o this_o descend_v into_o the_o ground_n a_o very_a considerable_a depth_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v deep_a plough_v than_o the_o former_a it_o grow_v very_o fast_o and_o a_o prodigious_a height_n in_o some_o country_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dryness_n of_o its_o nature_n require_v water_n at_o the_o root_n or_o to_o be_v sow_v in_o somewhat_o a_o moist_a ground_n prosper_v the_o better_a the_o thick_a it_o be_v sow_o and_o may_v be_v order_v and_o dress_v in_o all_o respect_n like_o flax_n be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o nation_n chap._n thirty-nine_o how_o to_o plant_v and_o order_n saffron_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n saffron_n be_v not_o the_o least_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n in_o medicine_n for_o comfort_v the_o heart_n and_o expel_v all_o ill_a vapour_n that_o have_v death_n for_o their_o attendant_n if_o not_o timely_o remove_v and_o therefore_o if_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v plant_v cherish_v and_o improve_v but_o there_o be_v other_o for_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n great_o recompense_v his_o labour_n if_o care_n be_v take_v about_o it_o as_o those_o in_o suffolk_n essex_n and_o cambridge-shire_n where_o it_o grow_v in_o abundance_n experimental_o find_v it_o will_v grow_v upon_o indifferent_a ground_n with_o little_a manure_n if_o it_o be_v not_o stiff_a clay_n too_o cold_a or_o wet_a but_o rather_o a_o compound_n most_o incline_a to_o red_a sand_n and_o somewhat_o stony_a though_o a_o fine_a mellow_a mould_n produce_v it_o better_o plough_v this_o well_o and_o make_v the_o mould_n small_a with_o the_o go_v over_o of_o harrow_n and_o beat_v the_o clumper_n lay_v the_o land_n high_a as_o for_o wheat_n with_o convenient_a ridge_n then_o with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n like_o a_o ho_o with_o a_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o inch_v broad_a bit_n draw_v the_o furrow_n long_a way_n pretty_a deep_a place_v your_o root_n or_o set_v in_o they_o for_o from_o the_o seed_n no_o advantage_n arise_v unless_o they_o be_v transplant_v let_v they_o be_v place_v about_o two_o inch_n one_o from_o other_o and_o set_v about_o three_o inch_n deep_a then_o draw_v another_o furrow_n so_o near_o that_o the_o mould_v turn_v out_o of_o it_o may_v cover_v the_o former_a root_n and_o so_o one_o after_o another_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v effect_v to_o your_o desire_n but_o the_o last_o into_o which_o you_o must_v draw_v what_o mould_n come_v next_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o set_v they_o be_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n or_o beginning_n of_o july_n leave_v range_n or_o space_n between_o the_o furrow_n that_o a_o small_a hoe_n may_v pass_v to_o take_v away_o the_o weed_n all_o winter_n they_o will_v appear_v green_a like_z sives_z but_o in_o the_o summer_n soon_o after_o the_o flower_n decay_v it_o appear_v to_o dry_v or_o wither_v in_o september_n the_o flower_n be_v blue_a and_o lovely_a to_o behold_v come_v up_o without_o any_o green_a leaf_n or_o spire_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o flower_n you_o will_v find_v two_o three_o or_o four_o blade_n of_o saffron_n stand_v upright_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o flower_n spread_v itself_o and_o when_o you_o perceive_v they_o thus_o to_o put_v out_o draw_v they_o forth_o between_o your_o finger_n and_o thumb_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o thick_a clean_a linnen-bag_n the_o better_a to_o preserve_v the_o scent_n do_v this_o every_o morning_n or_o otherways_o it_o will_v return_v into_o the_o flower_n or_o earth_n and_o you_o can_v with_o any_o conveniency_n come_v at_o it_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n and_o this_o you_o may_v do_v for_o a_o month_n together_o the_o flower_n continual_o increase_v and_o therefore_o the_o number_n of_o your_o saffron-picker_n must_v
then_o well_o harrow_v about_o four_o bushel_n will_v sufficient_o sow_v a_o acre_n which_o do_v you_o must_v cover_v it_o with_o a_o harrow_n very_o fine_a and_o break_v all_o the_o clots_n pick_v the_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n off_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o may_v come_v easy_o up_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o sow_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march._n after_o the_o land_n be_v sow_v and_o it_o begin_v to_o spring_v up_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o weed_n appear_v they_o must_v be_v take_v out_o and_o be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n keep_v as_o free_v from_o they_o as_o may_v be_v and_o when_o the_o leaf_n be_v come_v to_o full_a growth_n which_o will_v be_v some_o time_n soon_o and_o at_o other_o late_a as_o the_o seasonableness_n of_o the_o year_n produce_v dryer_n or_o moist_a you_o must_v cut_v it_o up_o and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mill_n to_o be_v ground_n and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o make_v it_o up_o in_o little_a ball_n and_o dry_v they_o well_o for_o use_v and_o good_a woad_n in_o a_o seasonable_a year_n may_v very_o probable_o yield_v five_o or_o six_o crop_n and_o ordinary_o four_o and_o three_o and_o the_o winter_n crop_n be_v excellent_a for_o sheep_n keep_v they_o from_o the_o rot_n and_o many_o other_o disease_n it_o likewise_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o prepare_v the_o ground_n very_o well_o for_o corn_n and_o good_a estate_n have_v be_v get_v by_o it_o the_o best_a woad_n have_v be_v sell_v from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o pound_v a_o tun._n chap._n xlvii_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v mad_a and_o how_o to_o order_v it_o mad_a be_v a_o very_a good_a improver_n of_o land_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o die_v there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v manure_v and_o set_v for_o use_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n like_o it_o as_o goosegrass_n soft_a cliver_n crosswort_n lady_n bedstraw_n &c_n &c_n which_o have_v all_o leave_n like_o mad_a and_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o wild_a kind_n of_o it_o it_o have_v long_a stalk_n and_o trail_a branch_n on_o the_o ground_n rough_a and_o full_a of_o joint_n and_o every_o joint_n set_v with_o green_a rough_a leave_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o star_n the_o flower_n grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o faint_a yellow_a colour_n after_o which_o come_v the_o seed_n round_o and_o green_a the_o root_n creep_v far_o in_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o root_n entangle_v into_o another_o and_o when_o it_o be_v green_a and_o fresh_a the_o root_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n small_a and_o tender_a and_o although_o it_o bear_v a_o seed_n yet_o in_o this_o country_n it_o come_v not_o to_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v plant_v from_o the_o set_v that_o be_v to_o be_v get_v from_o the_o mad_a and_o the_o season_n of_o get_v or_o draw_v they_o be_v march_n and_o april_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n about_o three_o inch_n every_o sucker_n have_v some_o spines_n of_o root_n grow_v from_o it_o be_v slip_v from_o the_o main_a root_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v draw_v they_o put_v they_o into_o a_o convenient_a basket_n with_o some_o fine_a mould_n and_o hasten_v they_o to_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v for_o the_o soon_o they_o be_v set_v the_o better_a they_o prosper_v the_o ground_n they_o best_o thrive_v in_o must_v be_v very_o rich_a warm_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n dig_v two_o spade_n graft_n and_o two_o woveling_n also_o and_o when_o it_o be_v rake_v and_o lay_v very_o even_o then_o draw_v very_o straight_a line_n or_o furrow_n tread_v out_o in_o long_a bed_n about_o four_o foot_n broad_a from_o one_o end_n of_o your_o work_n unto_o the_o other_o set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n asunder_o every_o way_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a spring_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v water_v till_o they_o recover_v their_o fade_a wan_a complexion_n you_o may_v begin_v to_o dig_v your_o ground_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o so_o all_o along_o to_o the_o time_n of_o set_v weed_z it_z and_z ho_o it_o till_o it_o have_v get_v the_o mastery_n of_o the_o weed_n and_o then_o it_o will_v destroy_v they_o set_v they_o by_o a_o line_n for_o a_o good_a evenness_n with_o a_o setting-stick_a crumble_a in_o light_a mould_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n and_o if_o any_o die_v you_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n for_o they_o come_v not_o to_o their_o natural_a perfection_n under_o three_o year_n and_o the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n keep_v they_o hoe_z and_o you_o may_v gather_v set_v from_o they_o almost_o as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v set_v for_o the_o root_n will_v bear_v it_o by_o take_v firmness_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o well_o spread_v so_o that_o these_o set_v will_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n supply_v other_o ground_n chap._n xlviii_o wood-land_n and_o enclosure_n improve_v and_o the_o great_a advantage_n make_v thereby_o enclosure_n and_o wood-land_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n not_o only_o in_o supply_v he_o with_o timber_n for_o his_o own_o use_n in_o building_n and_o sale_n but_o with_o underwood_n for_o hedging_n fuel_n and_o the_o like_a for_o himself_o and_o neighbour_n to_o increase_v enclosure_n and_o pass_v away_o the_o bitter_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n with_o keep_v good_a fire_n beside_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v and_o will_v flourish_v in_o place_n where_o corn_n or_o grass_n or_o any_o other_o profitable_a thing_n will_v not_o kind_o grow_v beside_o when_o the_o land_n be_v clear_v of_o wood_n they_o prove_v much_o better_o and_o yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n than_o many_o that_o have_v be_v long_o till_v lie_v round_o about_o they_o they_o also_o yield_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a prospect_n to_o the_o eye_n serve_v as_o cool_v shade_n to_o retreat_n in_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n prove_v shelter_n to_o the_o house_n barn_n and_o land_n lie_v near_o they_o from_o the_o cold_a nip_a wind_n and_o in_o wood_n by_o their_o warmness_n grass_n in_o the_o vacant_a place_n spring_v all_o the_o year_n on_o which_o sheep_n will_v feed_v well_o and_o grow_v fat_a be_v by_o that_o mean_v preserve_v from_o the_o cold_a and_o rot_v likewise_o well_o grow_v wood_n in_o most_o place_n produce_v mast_n holm_n acorn_n hazle-nut_n service_n meddler_n and_o the_o like_a which_o either_o fall_n of_o themselves_o or_o be_v diligent_o beat_v down_o feed_v a_o great_a number_n of_o swine_n to_o a_o considerable_a fatness_n land_n of_o small_a value_n may_v be_v by_o plant_v of_o tree_n bring_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o considerable_a estate_n i_o find_v it_o confirm_v by_o several_a that_o land_n not_o compute_v to_o be_v worth_a ten_o shilling_n a_o acre_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la have_v by_o this_o manner_n of_o improvement_n produce_v at_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n as_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v fell_v from_o one_o acre_n 60_o l._n and_o indeed_o morish_a boggy-land_n that_o can_v be_v drain_v or_o other_o way_n improve_v to_o any_o profit_n or_o advantage_n be_v plant_v with_o osier_n willow_n alder_a poplar_n or_o the_o like_a tree_n that_o affect_v and_o covet_v moist_a ground_n return_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o a_o great_a advantage_n for_o many_o use_n grow_v very_o fast_o so_o that_o they_o turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n it_o have_v be_v know_v that_o a_o hundred_o ash_n at_o the_o growth_n of_o fifty_o year_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o 500_o l._n and_o these_o grow_v too_o on_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n of_o land_n which_o they_o but_o little_o encumber_v and_o i_o find_v it_o set_v down_o that_o a_o person_n plant_v so_o much_o wood_n that_o in_o his_o own_o life_n time_n be_v value_v at_o 50000_o l._n these_o great_a income_n and_o increase_v methinks_v shall_v give_v many_o encouragement_n to_o imitate_v our_o predecessor_n that_o as_o we_o find_v the_o advantage_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o industry_n so_o ourselves_o 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