Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	branch_n	small_a	stalk_n	1,481	5	11.5915	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A74931	The country-mans recreation, or The art of [brace] planting, graffing, and gardening, [brace] in three books. The first declaring divers waies of planting, and graffing, and the best times of the year, with divers commodities and secrets herein, how to set or plant with the root, and without the root; to sow or set pepins or curnels, with the ordering thereof, also to cleanse your grafts and cions, to help barren and sick trees, to kill worms and vermin, and to preserve and keep fruit; how to plant and proin your vines, and to gather and presse your grape; to cleanse and mosse your trees, to make your cider and perry, with many other secret practises which shall appear in the table following. The second treateth of the hop-garden, with necessary instructions for the making and maintenance thereof, ... with some directions for tabaco. Whereunto is added, The expert gardener, containing divers necessary and rare secrets belonging to that art, ... hereunto is likewise added the Art of angling.	Barker, Thomas, fl. 1651.; Barker, Thomas, fl. 1651.	1654 (1654)	Thomason E806_16; ESTC R207486	120,559	229

them taste thereafter thus may ye change the colour and taste of any Apple Your colours may be of Saffron Tourn sel Brasel Saunders or other what ye shall see good This must be done before the Spring do come Some do say if ye graffe on the O●ive stock or on the Ald●r stock they will bring red Apples Also they say to graffe to have fruit without core ye shall graffe in both the ends of your Cion into the stock and when they be fast grown to the stock ye shall cut it in the middest and let the smaller and grow upward or else take a Cion and graffe the small end of the stock downward and so shall ye have your Apple-tree on St. Lamberts day which is the xvii of September they shall never waste consume nor wax dry which I doubt The setting of Vine Plants THese Figures do shew how ye ought to Plant and set in your Vines two or two together the one to have a part of the old Tree and the other may be all of the last Cion but when ye plant him with a part of the old Tree he shall commonly take root sooner than the new Cion ye must weed them every moneth and let not the earth be too close above their roots at the first but now then loosen it with a Spade as ye shall see a rain past for then they shall enlarge and put forth better Further herein ye shall understand after How to proin or cut a Vine in Winter THis Figure sheweth how all Vines should be proined and cut in a convenient time after Christmas that when ye cut them ye shall leave his branches very thin as ye see by this Figure ye shall never leave above two or three Leaders at the head of any principal branch ye must also cut them off in the middest between the knots of the young Cions for those be the leaders which will bring the grape the rest and order ye shall understand as followeth Of the Vine and Grape SOmewhat I intend to speak of the ordering of the Vine and Grape to Plant or Set the Vine the Plants or Sets which be gathered from the Vine and so planted are best they must not be old gathered nor lye long unplanted after th●y be out for then they soon gather corruption and when ye gather your Plants take heed to cut and choose them whereas ye may with the young Cion take a j●ynt of the old wood with the new for the old wood will sooner take root than the new and better to grow than if it were all young Cion ye shall leave the old wood to the young Cion a foot or half a foot or a shaftment long the young Cion ye must cut the length of three quarters of a yard or therereabouts and choose of those young Cions that be thickess joynted or nigh joynts together and when ye Plant or set them look that your ground be well digged in the Winter before then in January ye may both cut Plant but cut not in the Frost for that is dangerous to all kind of Trees or ye may plant in the beginning of February and when ye do Plant take two of those Plants and set or lay them together a foot deep in the earth for two Plants set together will not so soon fall as one alone and lay them a foot longwise in the earth so that there may be above the earth three or four joynts ye may plant likewise a young Cion with the old so that it be thick or nigh joynted for then he is better to root and also to bring fruit than when ye have set or layed them in the earth then cover them well therewith in treading it fast down unto the Plants but let the ends of your Cions or Plants be turned upright above the earth three or four joynts if there happen to be more when they are set ye may cut them off and cut them alwayes in the middest between the two joynts and then let them so grow and see that ye weed them alwayes clean and once a moneth loosen the earth round about them and they shall prove the better if it be very dry and hot in the Summer after ye may water them in making a hole with a Crow of Iron to the Root and there ye may pour in water in the Evening As for the proyning of them thus when the Grape is taken and clustered then ye may break the next joynt or two after the Grape of all such superfluous Cions as ye shall see c●use which will cause the Grape to wax bigger ye may also break away all superfluous buddes or slender branches which cometh about the Root or on the under branches which ye think will have no Grape and when ye proyn or cut them in Winter following ye shall not cut the young Cion nigh the old by three or four joynts ye shall not cut them like Oziers to leave a sort of heads together on the branch which doth kill your Vine ye shall leave but one head or two at the most of the yong Cions upon the old branch and to cut those young Cions three or four knots or joynts off for the yong Cion doth carry the grape alwayes and when ye leave upon a great branch many Cions they cannot be well nourished and after ye have so cut them in Winter ye shall bind them with Oziers in placing those young branches as ye shall see cause and in the Spring time when the branches are tender ye shall bind them so that the stormy tempest or wind hurt them not and to bind them withall great soft rushes are best and when the Grape is clustered then ye may break off all such branches as is afore declared upon one old branch three or four heads be enough for the more heads your branch hath the worse your grape shall be nourished when ye cut off any branch cut him off hard by or nigh the old branch if your Vine wax old the best remedy is if there grow any yong Cion about the root ye shall in the Winter cut off the old Vine hard by the ground or as nigh as ye can and let the young Vine lead and he will continue a long time if ye cover and fill the place about the root with good earth again There is also upon or by every cluster of grapes a small Cion like a Pigs Tail turning about which doth take away the Sap from the Grape if ye pinch it off hard by the stalk of your Grape your fruit shall be the greater If your Vine wax too rank and thick of branches ye shall dig the root in Winter and open the earth and fill it up again with Sand and ashes mingled together and whereas a Vine is unf●uitfull and doth not bear ye shall bore an hole with an Auger unto the heart or pith in the body or thickest part thereof then put in the said hole a small stone but

place of preheminence it sufficeth for the glory and commendation of the Beere that here in our own Countrey Ale giveth place unto it and that most p●rt of our Countreymen do abhor and abandon Ale as a loathsome drink whereas in other Nations Beere is of great estimation and of strangers entertained as their most choice and delicate drink Finally that Ale which is most delicate and of best account borroweth the Hop as without the which it wanteth his chief grace and best verdure These things considered ye may proceed to the making of your Garden wherein you are yet to have counsell for the laying out thereof for the due season and the right trade to cut and set Hop-roots what choice ye shall make of them what charge ye shall be at for them you are yet also to learn the time when and the way how to prepare your ground and to make it able to entertain and nourish them to frame your Hils to maintain them pull them down to cut to fashion to erect to pull up to peserve your Poles to gather to dry and to pack your Hops with many other circumstances necessarily appertaining her●unto Finally ye must be taught the reformation of many ●normities and abuses which are received in most places for good rules the which God willing I will set forth truly according to the notes of exp●rience although not learnedly after the rules of Rhetorick Of the Preparation of a Hop-Garden YOu must lay forth the Ground which you determine to imploy in this way in as levell square and uniform wise as you may If your Ground be grassie rough or stiffe it should de first sown with Hemp or Beans which naturally maketh the ground mellow destroyeth weeds and neverthelesse leaveth the same in good season for this purpose But in what plight or state soever your ground be till it in the beginning of Winter with the Plough if it be great or with the Spade if it be small and this do not onely the year before you Plant it but every year after even so long as you mean to receive the uttermost commodity of your Garden assuring your self that the more pains you take and the more cost you bestow hereupon the more you do double your profit and the nearer you resemble the Trade of the Flemming Howbeit in some Cases these pains may be spared that is to say where the mould is not deep and the hill made both good and great in this case I say the hills being pulled down the earth contained in them will cover the whole Garden and all weeds growing therein and the same will with help of dung maintain your hill for ever The time to cut and set Hop-roots IN the end of March or in the beginning of April repair to some good Garden orderly kept as wherein the Hops be all of a good kind yearly cut and wherein all the hills are raised very high for there the roots will be greatest then compound with the owner or keeper thereof for choice roots which in some places will cost six pence an hundred but commonly they will be given unto you so as you cut them your self and leave every hill orderly and fully dressed but what order you shall use herein I will hereafter shew Rules for the choice and preparation of roots ANd now you must choose the biggest roots you can find that is to say such as are in bignesse three or four inches about And let every root which you shall provide to be set be nine or ten inches long Let there be contained in every such root three joynts Let all your roots be but the Springs of the yeare last past You must have great regard that you cumber not your Garden with wild Hops which are not to be discerned from the good by the roots but either by the fruit or by the stalk Of the Hoppe THe kindely Hop beareth a great and grene stalke a large hard and a green bell it appeareth out of the ground naked without leaves until it be halfe a foot long Of unkindly Hopps THe Hop that liketh not his entertainment namely his seat his ground his keeper his dung or the manner of his setting c. cometh up small and green in stalk thick and rough in leaves very like unto a Nettle which will commonly be much devoured or much bitten with a little black flie who also will do harme unto good Hops where the garden standeth bleak or the Hop springeth rath but be not discomforted herewith for the heat of the Summer will reforme this matter and th● latter Springs will be little annoyed with this flie who though she leave the leafe as full of holes as a Net yet she seldome proceedeth to the utter destruction of the Hop Of the wild Hop OF the wild Hop the fruit is either altogether seed or else loose and red light bells the ●●alk is red howbeit herein the difference between the good and the bad Hop is not to be discerned until the stalk be two or three yarde high for at their first comming up the one aswell as the other appeareth red and the best Hop is alwaies the most red Provide your roots therefore where you are assured of of their goodnesse before hand Of setting of Hop-roots HAving made your provision of roots in this wise return therewith to your Garden speedily and either set them immediately or lay them in some Puddle near thereunto or bury them in the ground untill conveniency or winde weather and leisure the want whereof may sometimes prevent good expedition shall serve Provided alwaies that you leave them not in water puddle above xxiv hours but in the earth you may leave them as long as the time of setting endureth that is to say till the middest of Aprill Your Garden being dressed as before I advised you it shall be easie for you to direct your hils aright and that in equall distance with a Pole or rather with a line that will not stretch tying thereupon short threds or placing in it pins according to the proportion of space which you mean to leave between your hils whereof if one be placed out of order it shall blemish and hurt a great part of your Garden The distance of the Hils IF your Garden be one Acre in bignesse and lye square leave between every hole three yards or eight foot at the leaft in space as well that the hils may be made the greater and that the Hops of one pole reach not to another as also that the Sun may the more freely and universally passe thorow your Garden which by this means may yearly be ploughed betwixt the Hills whereas otherwise it must be digged which is a more tedious and costly businesse If your Garden be very little you may set the hills somewhat nearer together namely seven foot asunder A description of the Line YOur line being laid levell you must digge underneath every thred or pin placed upon the same a hole

the roots with good new earth and bind tast those broken boughs or Members both above and beneath and so let them remaine unto another yeare until they may close and put forth new Cions When a Member or Bough is broken how to proine them WHereas ye shal see under or above superfluous boughs ye may cut or proin off as ye shall see cause all such boughs hard by the tree at a due time in the winter following But leave all the principall branches and whereas any are broken let them be cut off beneath or els by the ground and cast them away thus must you doe yearly or as ye shall see cause if ye will keep your Trees well and faire How one ought to enlarge the hole about the Tree roots IN proyning your Trees if there be many roots ye must enlarge them in the hole and so to wreath them as it is aforesaid and to use them without breaking then cover them again with good fat earth which ye shall mingle in the said hole and it shall be best to be digged all over a little before and see that no branch or root be left uncovered and when you have thus dressed your Trees if any root shall put forth or spring hereafter out of the said holes in growing ye may so proin them as ye shall see cause in letting them so remain two or three years after unto such time as the said Graffes be sprung up and well branched How to set small Staves by to strengthen your Cions TO avoid danger ye shall set or strick small staves about your Cions for fear of breaking and then after three or foure years when they be well branch●d ye may then set or plant them in good earth at the beginning of Winter but see that ye cut off all their small branches hard by the stock then ye may plant them where ye think good so as they may remain In taking up Trees note YE may well leave the maister root in the hole when ye digge him up if the removed place be good for him cut off the master roots by the stub but pare not off ●ll the small roots and so plant him and he shall profit more thus then others with all their maister roots When as Trees be great they must be disbranched or boughes cut off before they be set again or else they will hardly prosper If the Trees be great having great branches or boughes when ye shall digge them up ye must disbranch them afore ye set them again for when Trees shall be thus proined they shall bring great Cions from their Roots which shall be frank and good to replant or set in other places and shall have also good branches and roots so that after it shall not need to graffe them any more but shall continue one after another to be free and good How to couch the Roots when they are not proyned IN setting your Trees again if ye will dresse the roots of such as ye have proined or cut off the branches before ye shall leave all such small roots which grow on the great root ye shall so place those roots in replanting again not deep in the earth so that they may soon grow and put forth Cions which being well used ye may have fruit so good as the other afore-mentioned being of three or foure years growth as before is declared What Trees to proyne THis way of proyning is more harder for the great Chery called Healmier then for the Plum-tree Also it is very requisite and meet for those Cions or Trees which be graft on the wilde sowre Cherry-tree to be proined also for divers and sundry causes Why the sowre Cherry dureth not so long as the Healmier or great Cherry THe wild and sower Cherry of his own nature will not so long time indure as the great Healme Cherry neither can have sufficient sappe to nourish the Graffes as the great Healme Chery is graft therefore when ye have proined the branches beneath and the roots also so that ye leave roots sufficient to nourish the Tree then set him If ye cut not off the under rootes the Tree will profit more easier and also lighter to be known when they put forth Cions from the root of the same the which ye may take hereafter To graffe one great Cherry upon another YE must have respect unto the Healme Cherry which is graft on the wild Gomire which is another kind of great Cherry and whether you do proin them or not it is not materiall for they dure a long time But ye must see to take away the Cions that do grow from the root of the wild Gomire or wild Plum-tree because they are of nature wild and do draw the sappe from the said Tree Of deep Setting or shallow TO set your Stocks or Trees somwhat deeper on the high grounds then in the Vallies because the sunne in summer shall not dry the root and in the low ground more shallow because the water in Winter shall not drown or annoy the Roots Some do mark the stock in taking it up and to set him again the same way because he will not alter his nature so likewise the Graffes in Graffing CHAP. IV. This Chapter doth shew how to set other Trees which come of wilde Cions pricked in the earth without roots and also of proining the meaner Cions Trees take root prickt of Branches THere be certain which take root being pricked of Branches proined of other Trees which be the Mulberry the Fig-Tree the Quince-Tree the Service-Tree the Pomgranad-Tree the Apple-Tree the Damson-Tree and divers sorts of other Plum-Trees as the Plum-Tree of Paradice c. How one ought to set them FOr to set these sorts of Trees ye must cut off the Cions twigs or boughes betwixt Alhallontide and Christmas not lightly after Ye shall chose them which be as great as a little staff or more and looke whereas you can find them fair smooth and straight and full of sap withall growing of young trees as of the age of three or four yeares growth or thereabouts and look that ye take them so from the tree with a broad Chizel that ye break not or loose any part of the bark thereof more than half a foot beneath neither of one side or other then proine or cut off the branches and prick them one foot deepe in the earth well digged and ordered before How to binde them that be weak THose Plants which be slender ye must proin or cut off the branches then bind them to some stake or such like to be set in good earth and well mingled with good dung and also to be well and deeply digged and to be set in a moist place or els to be well watered in Summer How one ought to digge the Earth to set them in ANd when that ye would set them in the earth ye must first prepare to digge it and dung it well throughout a 〈…〉 ●eep in the earth And then

may graffe on Coleworts or Elmes the which I think are but Jests Of the great Apricock THe great Apricock they graffin summer in the Scutchion or shield in the sap or bark of the lesser Apricock and be graffed on Peach-trees Fig-rees and principally on Damson or Plum-trees for there they will prosper the better Of the Service-trees OF the Service-tree they say and write that they may hardly be graffed on other Service-tres either on Apple-trees Pear or Quince-trees and I believe this to be very hard to doe for I have tryed saith he and they would not prove The setting of Service-Trees THerefore it is much better to set them of Curnels as it is aforesaid as also in the second Chapter of planting of Cions or other great Trees which must be cut in winter as such as shall be most meet for that purpose Trees which be very fit to be graffed in the Shield or Scutchion ALl other manner of Trees aforesaid doe take very well to be graffed with Cions and also in the Shield except Apricocks on Peaches Almonds Perciginiers the Peach-tree do take hardly to be graffed but in the shield in Summer as shall be more largely declared hereafter As for the Almonds Perciginiers and Peaches ye may better set them of Curnels and Nuts whereby they shall the sooner come to perfection to be graffed How a man ought to consider those Trees which be commonly charged with fruit YE shall understand that in the beginning of graffing ye must consider what sorts of Trees doe most charge the stock with branch and fruit or that doe love the Country or Ground whereas you intend to plant or graffe them for better it were to have abundance of fruit than to have very few or none Of Trees whereon to choose your graffes OF such Trees as ye will gather your Gr●ffes to graffe with ye must take them at the ends of the principall branches which be also fairest and greatest of sappe having two or three fingers length of the old wood with the new and those Cions which eyes somewhat nigh together are the best for those which b● long are farre one from another and not so good to bring fruit The Cions towards the East are best YE shall understand that those which doe grow on the East or Orient part of the Tree are best ye must not lightly gather of the evill and slender graffes which grow in the middest of the Trees nor any graffes which doe grow within on the branches or that do spring from the stock of the Tree nor yet graftes which be on very old Trees for thereby ye shall not lightly profit to any purpose To chuse your Trees for Graffes ANd when the Trees whereas you intend to gather your grafts be small and yong as of five or six years growth do not take of the highest grafts thereof nor the greatest except it b● of a small Tree of two or three years the which commonly hath too much of top or wood otherwise not for you shall but marre your graffing How to keep Graffes a long time YE may keep grafts a long time good as from Alhallontide so that the leaves be fallen unto the time of grafting if that they be well covered in the earth half a foot deep therin and so that none of them doe appear without the earth How to keep Graffes before they are budded ALso do not gather them except ye have great need untill Christmas or there-abouts and put them not in the ground nigh any walles for feare of Moles Mice and water marring the place and grafts It shall be good to keep grafts in the earth before they begin to bud when that ye will graft betwixt the bark and the Tree and when the Trees begin to enter into their sappe How one ought to begin to Graffe ALso ye must begin to graft in cleaving the stock at Christmas or before according to the coldnesse of the time and principally the Healme or great Cherry Peares Wardens or forward fruit of Apples and for Medlars it is good to tarry untill the end of January and February untill March or until such time as ye shall see Trees begin to bud or spring When it is good graffing the wild stock In the Spring time it is good Graffing of wild stocks which be great betwixt the bark and the tree such stocks as are of later spring and kept in the earth before The Damson or Plum-tree tarrieth longest to be graffed for they doe not shew or put forth sapp as soon as others Mark if the Tree be forward or not ALso consider you alwayes whether the Tree be forward or not to be graffed soon or laterward and to give him also a graffe of the like hast or slownesse even so ye must marke the time whether it be slow or forward When one will graffe what necessaries he ought to be furnished withall Whensoever ye go to Graffing see ye be furnished with grafts clay and mosse cloths or barks of Sallow to bind likewise withall Also ye must have a small Saw and a sharp knife to cleave and cut Graffes withall But it wers much better if ye should cut your Graffes with a great Pen-knife or some other like sharp knife having a small wedge of hard wood or of Iron with a hooked knife and also a small mallet And your wild stocks must be well rooted before ye do graffe them and be not so quick to deceive your selves as those which do graffe and plant all at one time yet they shall not profit so well for where the wild stock hath not substance in himself much lesse to give unto the other grafts for when a man thinks sometime to forward himself he doth hinder himselfe Of Graffes not prospering the first year Ye shall understand that very hardly your Graffes shall prosper after if they do not profit or prosper well in the first year for whensoever in the first year they profit well it were better to graffe them somewhat lower than to let them so remain and grow For to graffe well and sound ANd for the best understanding of Graffing in the cleft ye shall first cut away all the small Cions about the body of the stock beneath and before ye begin to cleave your stock dresse and cut your graffes somewhat thick and ready then cleave your stock and as the cleft is small or great if need be pare it smooth within then cut your incision of your graffes accordingly and set them in the cleft as even and as close as possible you can How to trim your Graffes ALso ye may graffe your Graffes full as long as two or three trunchions or cut-graffes which ye may likewise graffe withall very well and will be as those which doe come of old wood and oftentimes better than to graffe a bough for often it so happeneth a man shall find of Oylets or eyes hard by the old slender wood yet better it were to cut them off

like a Pitfall one foot square and one foot deep When you have made twenty or thirty holes take up so many roots from where you bestowed them as ought to be therein and go to work on this wise alwaies watching a time if you may that the winde be in some part of the South or West but be not so scrupulous herein that you overslip the moneth of April least Salomons saying be spoken of you He that regardeth the Wind shall not sow and he that hath respect to the Clouds shall not reap For he that neglecteth the Moneth of April shall have a bad season to cut or plant Hops Take two or three of your roots which by this time will yeeld forth green Cions or white buds and will also have small roots or beards growing out of them the which must be all saving the smaller sort of white buds pared away by the old root joyn them close together so as in any wise they may be even in the tops set them also together bolt upright directly under the foresaid thred or pin holding them hard together with one hand while you fill the hole with the other with fine mould prepared and made ready before hand regarding that the tops of the roots be levell with the face or uppermost part of the ground Take good heed also that you set not that end downward that grew before upward which you shall know by the buds that appear in the knots of each root and let no part of the dead remain upon the uppermost part of the joynt thereof And when you have thus done presse down the earth with your foot hard to the roots not treading upon them but driving the loose earth close to the corner where the roots are set And here is to be noted that the readiest and evenest way is alwayes to set your roots at one certain corner of the hole which corner should alwaies be right underneath the said pinne or thred as is aforeshewed At this time you must make no hill at all but onely cover the tops of your roots about two inches thick with the finest mould you can get When you are driven to set your roots late if there be any green springs upon them you may take the advantage thereof leaving the same spring uncovered otherwise you both destroy the spring and endanger the root Abuses and disorders in setting SOme use to set at every corner of the hole one root but this is a naughty and tedious trade because a man shall be longer in dressing one of these than about four other To be short you shall this way so cumber both your self and your Garden that you will soon be weary with working and your Garden as soon weary of bearing Some wind them and set both ends upward and herein the cunning of the workman and the goodness of the roots are lively expressed for if the roots were good they could not be so wound or if the workman were skilful he would not be so fond as to set them in that order Some use to lay them thwart or flat but I say flatly that is a praeposterous way for they can neither prosper well as being set contrary to their nature and kind of growing nor be kept as they ought to be Some use to make hills and set the roots therein but the moisture in regard of the hill cannot administ●r succour to them besides other inconveniences which may follow Some bury the roots under a great hill made on them after the setting this differs not much from the other onely the hill so choaks these that they will do no good Finally there be as many evill wayes to set as there be ignorant men to devise Provision against annoyance and spoile of your Garden IF your Garden be small and very nigh to your house you may arm every hill with a few thorns to defend them from the annoyance of Poultry which many times will scrape and bath amongst the hills and so discover and hurt the springs but a Goose is the most noysome vermine that can enter into this Garden for besides the Allegory that may be applyed in this case a Goose will knabble upon every young science or Hop bud that appeareth out of the ground which will never grow afterwards and therefore as well to avoid the Goose as other noysome cattell let your closure be made strong and kept tight Of Poles IT remaineth that I speak now of Poles because Poling is the next work now to be done If your hils be distant three yards asunder provide for every hill four poles if you will make your hils nearer together three poles shall suffice And note that in the first year you may occupy as many poles as in any year after the reason whereof I will declare in the title of Hils Alder poles are best for this purpose as whereunto the Hops seem most willingly and naturally to encline because both the fashion of these poles being as a Taper small above and great below and also the roughnesse of the Alder-ryne stayeth the Hop stalk more firmly from sliding down than either Ash or Ok which for continuance be somewhat better howbeit these with the order that I shall prescribe will endure six or seven years These are also best cheap and easiest to be gotten in most places and soonest grown ready for this purpose There is in the Spring of these least danger in growing or in being destroyed or bitten by cattell Finally by the expence of these there ensueth the least annoyance to the Co●mon-wealth as well for the causes aforesaid as also because they grow not in so great quantity to so good timber nor for so many purposes as either Oke or Ash The best time to cut your poles is between Alhallontide and Christmas but you must pile them up immediately after they are cut sharped reformed in length and smoothed lest they rot before you occupy them You may not leave any scrags upon them the reason whereof you shall conceive in the Title of gathering Hops Your Poles may not be above xv or xvi foot long at the most except your ground be very rich or that you added thereunto great labour in raising up your hills or else except your hills stand too near together if any of these chance to be or if all these three things meet in one Garden the best way of reformation is to set the fewer poles to a hill or to let them remain the longer Otherwise the Hops will grow from one pole to another and so overshadow your Garden the fault thereof being especially to be imputed to the nearnesse of the hills Therefore chiefly you must measure your poles by the goodnesse of your ground Your Hop never stocketh kindly untill it reach higher than the Pole and return from it a yard or two for whilst it tendeth climbing upward the branches which grow out of the principal stalk wherein consisteth the abundance of encrease grow little or

nothing Let the quantity of your Poles be great that is to say nine or ten inches about the lower end so shall they endure the longer and withstand wind the better To describe the price of poles or what it will cost you to furnish a Garden containing an acre of ground it were a hard matter because the place altereth the price of Wood. But in a Wain you may carry an hundred and fifty poles and I see small cause why a load of these should be much dearer than a load of any other Wood. After the first year Poles will be nothing chargeable unto you for you may either pick them out of your own provision of Fuell or buy them of your Neighbours that have no occasion to apply them this way For the yearly supply of two loads of Poles will maintain one Acre continually Your rotten and broken Poles will do you good service for the kindling of your fires in the Oste whereupon you should dry your Hops and they should be preserved chiefly for that purpose At Poppering where both scarcity and experience hath taught them to make carefull provision hereof they do commonly at the East and North-side of their Gardens set and preserve Alders wherewith they continually maintain them Before you set up your Poles lay them all alongst your Garden between every row of hills by three or four together I mean beside every hill so many Poles as you determine to set thereon so shall you make the more speed in your work Of the erection of Poles You must ●et every Pole a foot and a half deep and within two or three inches at the most of the principall root If your ground be rockie and shallow tarry the longer before you set up your Poles so as your Hops may be grown two or three foot high that you may adventure to make a hill or bank at every pole to stay uphold the same without burying any of the young Springs which may afterward be covered with lesse danger and annoyance of the principall root Let the Poles of every hill lean a little outward one from another Of Ramming of Poles THen with a piece of wood as big below as the great end of one of your poles ramme the earth that lyeth at the outside of the Pole thereunto but medle not within the compasse of your Poles as they are placed lest you spoile the Springs Of Reparation of Poles IF any of the Poles chance to break in many pieces when the Hop is grown up undoe and pull away the same broken pole and tye the top of those Hops to the top of a new pole then winding it a turn or two about according to the course of the Sun set it in the hole or besides the hole where the broken pole stood but some being loth to take so much pains turn it about the other Poles that stand upon the same hill and so leave it But if it be not broken above the middest the best way is to set a new pole or stalk beside the broken pole to the same which may uphold the said broken pole and preserve the Hop If the pole be onely broken at the nether end you may shove the said pole again into the hill and so leave it Of pulling up Poles ANd because when the hils are made great and raised high you can neither easily pull up any nor possible pull up all your poles except you break them c. especially if the weather or ground be dry or else the Poles old or small I thought good to shew you an Instrument wherewith you may pull them up without disease to your self destruction to your Poles or expence of your money the charge being duly foureteen or fifteen pound of Iron wherewith the Smith shall make you a paire of Tongs or rather you may call them a pair of Pinsers of the fashion here set down the which may also be made with wood if you think good The way to make the Instrument wherewith to pull up the Hop-poles THey must be one yard in length whereof six or seven inches may be allowed for the mouth or lower end of them which serveth to clasp or catch hold on the Pole the same nether end should be the strongest part thereof and the mouth somewhat hollow in the middest and there also bending downward whereby the extream point may rise a little upward Upon the upper edges of the infide thereof the Smith should hack or raise a few small teeth whereby your tool may take the surer hold upon the Pole He must also fasten upon every side of this Instrument a riding hook the which may clasp and stay both sides together when they have caught hold on the pole The manner of pulling up the Hop-poles YOu shall lay a little square block upon the top of the hill and the better to remove the same from hill to hill you may thrust therein a Pin. Upon the same block you may rest your Pinsers when they have clasped the very lowest part of your Pole and then holding the upper part of each side in your hands the hook being clasped and pulled up hard towards you you may easily weigh up your Poles Of the preservation of Poles ANd although ye are not come to the laying up of Poles I am bold herein as I began too late so to make an end too quickly because I would touch the whole matter of Poles to●ether laying them by themselves I mean comprehending under one Title the businesse pertaining unto them For the preservation and better continuance of Poles some make houses of purpose and lay them up therein Some set them upright to a Tree and over them make a penthouse of boughs or boords Some lay a great heap of Hop-stalks upon the Ground and upon them a great heap of Pol●s and upon the Poles again lay another heap of stalks c. These men hereby do ex●resse no great experience although by their diligence they signifie a good desire You shall need to do no more but thus At the ends or sides of your Garden take three Poles standing upon three Hills placed directly one by another and three like Poles upon three other hills of the next row right over against them constrain them to meet together by two and two in the tops and so hold them till one with a forked wand put three wit hs lik unto three Broom bands which may be made of the stalks of Hops upon each couple of the said six Poles so shall the same six Poles being so bound by two and two together stand like the roof or rafters of an house To keep the Poles that shall lye nether most from rotting by the moistnesse of the ground within the compasse of your said six hills underneath the Poles that you have fastened together in the tops raise three little banks crosse or thwart from hill to hill as though you would make your six hills to be but three Upon those banks lay

roots for then it will rather do harm than good but when the Hop is wound about the pole then should you do it The order for reforming your ground IN March you may return to your Garden and find it replenished with weeds except by tillage c. you have prevented that matter already It must as well therefore because the earth may be more fine rich and easie to be delivered unto the hils be digged over or plowed except in the case mentioned The order of cutting Hop roots WHen you pull down your hills which if you have not already done you must now of necessity go about to do you should with your Garden tool undermine them round about till you come near to the principal roots and then take the upper or younger roots in your hand and shake off the earth which earth being again removed away with your said tool you shall discern where the new roots grow out of the old Sets In the doing hereof be carefull that you spoil not the old Sets as for the other roots which are to be cut away you shall not need to spare them to the delay of your work except such as you mean to set Take heed that you uncover not any more than the tops of the old Sets in the first year of cutting At what time soever you pull down your hills cut not your roots before the end of March or in the beginning of April and then remember the wind In the first year I mean at the first time of cutting and dressing of your roots you must with a sharp knife cut away all such roots or springs as grew the year before out of your Sets within one inch of the same Every year after you must cut them as close as you can to the old roots even as you see an Osiers head cut There groweth out of the old Sets certain roots right downwards not joynted at all which serve only for the nourishing and comfort of those Sets or principall roots which are not to be cut off There be other like unto them growing outward at the fides of the Sets If these be not met withall and cut asunder they will cucumber your whole Garden Because it may seem hard to discern the old Sets from the new springs I thought good to advertise you how easie a thing it is to see the difference thereof for first you shall be sure to find your Sets where you did set them nothing increased in length but somewhat in bignesse enlarged and in few years all your Sets will be grown into one so as by the quantity that thing shall plainly appear and lastly the difference is seen by the colour the old root being red the other white but if the hills be not yearly pulled down and the roots yearly cut then indeed the old Sets shall not be perceived from the other roots If your Sets be small and placed in good ground and the hill well maintained the new Roots will be greater than the old If there grow in any hill a wild Hop or whensoever the stalk waxeth red or when the Hop in any wise decayeth pull up every root in that hill and set new in their places at the usuall time of cutting and setting or if you list you may do it when you gather Hops with the roots which you cut away when you make your picking place Of divers mens follies Many men seeing the springs so forward as they will be by this time are loth to lose the advantage hereof and more unwilling to cut away so many goodly roots but they that are timorous in this behalf take pity upon their own profit and are like unto them that refrain to lay dung upon their Corn land because they will not beray it with so uncleanly a thing And some that take upon them great skill herein think that for the first year they may be left unhilled and uncut c. deceiving themselves with this conceit that then the Sets prosper best within the ground when they send least of their nature and state out of the ground In this respect also they pull away or suppresse all such Springs as soon as they appear which grow more and besides them which they mean to assign to each Pole as though when a mans finger were cut off his hand would grow the greater Indeed if there be no hill maintained then the more Springs are suffered to grow out from the principall root the more burden and punishment it will be to the same But when the Springs are maintained with a hill so much as remaineth within the same is converted into roots which rather adde than take away any state from the principall root in consideration hereof the suppressing of the Springs may not be too rathe for whatsoever opinion be hereof received the many Springs never hurt the principall root if the the hills be well maintained but it is the cumbring and shadowing of one to another that worketh the annoyance When you have cut your Hops you must cover them as you were taught in the Title of Setting and proceeding according to the order already set down Of disorder and maintainers thereof SOme there be that despise good order being deceived with a shew of increase which sometime appeareth in a disordered ground to them I say and say it truly that the same is a bad and a small increase in respect of the other I say also that although disorderly doings at the first may have a countenance of good successe yet in few years the same and all hope thereof will certainly decay Some others there be that despise good order satisfying themselves with this that they have sufficiently to serve their own turn without all these troubles and surely it were pitty that these should be troubled with any great abundance that in contempt of their own profit and of the Common-wealth neglect such a benefit preferred unto them Of an Oste NOw have I shewed unto you the perfect Platform of a Hop-Garden out of the which I led you for a time and brought you in again when time required and there would I leave you about your businesse were it not to shew you by description such an Oste as they dry their Hops upon at Poppering with the order thereof c. Which for the small charges and trouble in drying for the speedy and well drying and for the handsome and easie doing thereof may be a profitable pattern and a necessary instruction for as many as have or shall have to do herein Of the severall rooms for an Oste FIrst a little house must be built of length xviii foot or xix foot of widenesse eight wherein must be comprehended three severall rooms The middle and principall room must be for your Oste eight foot square The fore part which is to contain your dryed Hops will fall out to be five foot long and eight foot wide a piece The chief matters that are to be by me described

third way of grafting THis sort of grafting is very subtill witty and ready and is done as followeth Go to a smooth apple or peare tree in April when the trees get liquor and seeke a branch which hath green eyes and see that the same be lesse than your little finger and teare it from the tree and where you see that the green sprouts will come off there cut them off wholly and cleanse the middle there of that the little red at the wood may turne about and draw it not off untill you come unto another good peare or apple tree and seek there another branch of the same bignesse that the other was and cut it off and take from it likewise the red as far as you will put them again and look where the branches join that they may well sit together upon the top and tie the same place gently and well with a little barke behinde and before that the water may not hurt them in the first year it bringeth forth leaves and branches in the second floures which you may breake off for the sprout is yet too tender so that it may bear no fruit and in the third yeare it bringeth floures and fruit and by this meanes you may graft divers kinds of peares and apples upon one tree I have likewise set such sprouts upon wild stumps and they have prospered The fourth way of grafting is HOw buds are transported and bound upon another tree like as a plaister is tied to a mans body this sort of grafting is called in Latine Emplastrum We read of such a sort of grafting which is called in Latine Abducellum and it is much like unto this sort wherefore we will only speake of it being done after this sort When you see upon a great fruitfull bough a bud which will prosper without doubt and wouldst faine plant it upon another tree take a sharp knife and lift the bark up two fingers breadth that the bud be not hurt then goe to another tree upon the which you will graft and put into a convenient place a like hole into the bark and put the same bud with the bark into it and tie it with dung or with a clout that hath lien in a dunghill over the cut that it may be kept from the outward damage of weather and for an especiall nourishment and keeping of the inner juice then cut off the branches round about it that the mother may the better nourish the new sonne within twenty days after take away the band so that you see that the strange bud hath prospered and joyned himselfe with the tree This may be done in March when the bark cometh easily from the tree Also in April May and Iune and yet shee prospereth both before and after a time when you may conveniently finde such buds This sort of planting prospereth best in a willow tree or such like which is pierced through and is done after this sort The fifth way When you pierce a willow stick with a sharp plercer see that between every hole be left the space of one foot and prick therein branches a little scraped and put the stick into a ditch so that the branches stand upright one part of the stick remaining over the earth and within a year after take it out of the ditch and cut the stick asunder so find you the branches full of roots and put every one into a hole in the ground and 't is fit the holes were stopped with lome or with wax Some do take in March a fresh Beech tree which is of a mans thicknesse and pierce him overthwart with maine and great holes and small holes till unto the lowermost barke or quite through then take sprouts or boughes which be as big and small that they may fit into the holes and when you will put them into the Beech stump you must scrape the uppermost barke off untill the green and no further then the bough must remain into the Beech the sprouts must stand a foot or somwhat lesse asunder then keep your Beech stumps with the sprouts in a fresh ground and skant a soot deep you must first maime the sprouts that they may not flourish then the next March ensuing dig it out with the sprouts and cut it a sunder with a saw and every block which is cut off with its branch you must set in a fresh ground and so they will bring forth the fruit the same yeare The sixth Way This way teaches how to graffe that they may bring forth fruit the first yeare which do as follows Pare an old stumpe of what kinde soever it be the uppermost bark till to the lower green barke a span long or somewhat lesse which do in Harvest in the wane of the Moone and anoint it with Oxe dung and earth and tye it with bark and after in March when trees are transposed from one place to another then cut the same branch from the tree and put it into the ground and it wil bring fruit the same yeer I have seen that one hath prickt sticks on Alhallow eve in the earth and hath pulled them out again upon Christmas eve and put boughes in the holes and they have prospered and come out The seventh Pierce the top of a stump which is not over small and draw a bark through it and maime it with a knife as far as it standeth on the top in eight days after poure water upon it that the top of the stump may close This must be done in harvest and in the March following cut it off from the tree and bruise the top and put it with the same earth in other ground The eighth Way Will you graffe a tree that the fruit be without stones Take a sprout and graff it into a great stump with the thicker and lower part of the sprout then take the upper or thinner end of the sprout and cut it also fit to be graffed and turne it downeward and graffe it into the said stump and when the sprout of both sides prospereth cut it in the midst afunder so that which is grown right upward with the tree the fruit of it hath stones but that which was the top of the sprout that groweth contrary brings forh fruit without stones And if so be the turned sprout prosper you must break off the other to the end that the turned sprout doe not perish which you may try after this sort for oftentimes it commeth and prospereth and many times it is perished and spoiled How Cherries are to be graffed that they may come without stones WIll you make that Cherries grow without stones pare a little Cherry tree at one year old at the stump and cleave it asunder from the top to the root which do in May and make an Iron fit to draw the heart or marow from both sides of the tree then tye it fast together and anoint it with Ox dung or lome and within a yeare after when it is growne and

healed goe to another little tree which is of the same kind and which hath not yet brought fruit and graffe that same on the little tree so shall that same tree bring his fruit without stones How a Vine is to be planted upon a Cherry tree PLant a Vine tree next unto a Cherry tree and when it groweth high then pierce a hole into the Cherry tree right above it that the hole be no bigger than the Vine is thick and pare the upper bark of the Vine branch till unto the green so farre as it must go through the tree and look well to it that the branch of the Vine be not bruised and wel anointed You must not suffer any sprouts to come out of the Vine from the ground up but unto the tree only that which commeth out of the other side let that same grow and bring fruit Then the next March following if the Vine prosper and grow fast into the tree then cut the Vine from the tree off and anoint the place with diligence and it will bring fruit How a grape of a Vine may be brought into a glasse WIll you make that a grape grow into a narrow glasse take the glasse before the grape cast her bloud or while she is little and put her into the glasse and shee will ripen in the glasse To graffe Medlers on a Peare tree IF you graffe the branch of a Medler upon a Peare tree the Medlers will be sweet and durable so that you may keep them longer ●h●n otherwise How apples or other fruit may be made red IF you will graft upon a wild stump put the sprouts in Pikes bloud and then graft them and the fruit will be red Otherwise Take an apple branch and graft it upon an alder stump and the apples will be red Likewise if you graft them upon cherry trees Of the Quince tree THe Quince tree commeth not of any grafting but you must plucke him out by the roots and plant him againe into a good ground or earth Otherwise The Quince tree requireth a dry and sweet ground and he prospereth therein How to make that Quinces become great TAke a branch of a Quince tree when it hath cast his bloud where a Quince groweth at and put it into a pot and set it into the ground and let the Quince grow in it and it will be very great And if you will shew some cunning therewith cause to be made a pot which hath a mans face in the bottome of it or any other picture whatsoever and when the quinces have blossomed then bow the branch and put the Quince into the pot and she will grow very big in the shape of a man which may also be done in Pompons Mellons Cucumbers and other earthly fruites The conclusion of graffing OVT of all the forewritten causes gentle reader is evidently shewne that although every planting or grafting be better from like to like and from kinde to kinde yet neverthelesse it agreeth also with contrary kinds as now is said wherefore he that will exercise and use the same and try divers kindes he may see and make many wonders What joy and fruit commeth of trees The first fruit THe first is that you plant divers many kinds for every housholder who hath care to his nourishment with all diligence causeth oftentimes such trees to be brought from forrein Countries The second The second is when the trees be planted and set orderly and pleasantly they give no small pleasure to a man therefore every one should cut his trees orderly and he that cannot should procure other men to doe it which know how to doe it The third is of well smelling and spiced fruit Cleave a tree asunder or a branch of a fruitfull tree to the heart or pith and cut a piece out of it and put therein poudred spices or what spice seever you will or what colour you will desire and tye a barke hard about it and anoint it with lome and Ox dung and the fruit will gett both the savour and colour according to the spice you have put in it How sowre fruits be made sweet WHich tree beareth sowre fruites in the same pierce a hole a foot or somewhat lesse above the root and fill that with honey and stop the hole with a haw-thorne branch and the fruit will bee sweet How trees ought to be kept when they wax old WHen trees lose their strength and vertue for age and the branches break off for the weight of the fruit or when they wax barren for lack of moisture that they beare not fruit every year but scant every other or third yeare you must cut some of his heavy branches which he can little nourish which is done to the end he might keep some moistnesse to himselfe for his nourishment or else the moistnesse would goe all into his branches Whereby you may mark whether you must give them or take away from them branches according to their nourishment and as the earth where shee standeth can abide that is you must leave them so much as will nourish them and no more which if you doe not the trees will bring so little fruit that your labour will not be recompensed Which cutting of trees may be done from the beginning of November till to the end of March in warme countries But it is more naturall to be done from the time that the leaves fall till the time that they begin to grow green againe except where the frost is very great and sharp How trees must be kept from divers sicknesses and first how to keep them from the Canker WHen the Canker commeth in any tree he becommeth barren and dry for it mounteth from the stumps into the top and when it taketh a peare or apple tree the bark will be black and barren thereabouts which must be cut off with a knife to the fresh wood and then the place must be anointed with Oxe dung and tied with barke so that neither wind nor rain may hurt it Against worms which must be driven out of the tree IT happeneth oftentimes that the superfluities of moistnesse in the trees breaketh out like as sometimes to a man or beast between the flesh and skin and when that beginneth to rot wormes grow out of it which takes his strength away wherefore mark When the barke of a tree at any time swels cut it presently open that the poison may runne out and if you find already wormes in it draw them out with a little Iron hook How the wormes are to be killed if they be already grown into the tree IF you will kill the worms which grow in the tree take Pepper Lawrell and Incense and mingle all well together with good wine and pierce a hole into the tree downeward to the pith or heart of the tree and poure this mixture into it and stop it with a hawthorne and the worms will dye Otherwise Take ashes or dust and mingle it with sallet oyle

hard wood softly then if the sides of your clefts be ragged pare them on both sides with the point of a sharp knife within and above then set in your graffes close on the outsides and also above but let your stock be as little while open as ye can and when your graffs be well set in pluck out your wedge and if your stocks do pinch your graffs much then ye must put in a wedge of the same wood to help your graffs then lay a thick bark or peel over the cleft from the one graff to the other to keep out the clay and rain and clay them two fingers thick round about the clefts then lay on mosse but wool is better next your clay or temper your clay with wool or hair for it will abide closer and stronger on the stock head some take wool next the clay and wrap it all over with linnen cloths for the wool being once moist will keep the clay so a long time Others take woollen clouts that have been laid in the juyce of Worm-wood or such like bitter thing to keep creeping worms from coming under to the graffs If ye graff or plant in the Winter put your clay uppermost for Summer your Mosse For in Winter the Mosse is warme and your clay will not cleave In Summer your clay is cold and your Mosse keeps him from cleaving or chapping To bind them take Willow peels cloven B●yars Oziars and such like To gather your graffe on the East part of the Tree is counted best if ye gather them below on the under-boughs they will grow flaggie and spreading abroad If ye take them in the top of the Tree they will grow upright Yet some doe gather their Cions or graffes on the sides of the Trees and so graffe them againe on the like sides of the stocks which by some men is not counted so good for fruit It is not good to graff a great stocke for they will be long ere they cover the head thereof Of Worms in Trees or Fruit IF ye have any Trees eaten with worms or bring wormy fruit wash his body and great branches with two parts of Cow-pisse and one of Vinegar and if you can get no Vinegar with Cow-pisse alone tempered with common Ashes This must be done before the Spring in the Spring or Summer Anniseeds sown about the Trees roots drive away worms and the fruit will be the sweeter The setting of Stones and ordering of them AS for Almond Trees Peach trees Cherry-trees Plum-trees or other plant or set them thus Lay first the stones in water three dayes and four nights until they sinke therein then take them betwixt your finger and your thumb with the small end upward and so set them two fingers deep in good earth and when ye have so done ye shall rake them all over and so cover them and when they begin to gr●w or spring keep them from weeds and ●hey will prosper the better specially in the first yeare And within two or three year after ye shall set or remove them where you list if ye remove them after that ye must proin off all his twigs as ye see cause nigh the stock This ye may doe with all kind of Trees chiefly such as have the great Sap as the Mulberry or Fig-trees or such like his twigs as ye shall see cause nigh the stock this ye may doe of all kind of Trees but especially those which have the great Sap as the Mulberry or Fig-trees or such like Togather Gumme of any Tree IF ye list to have the Gum of an Almond tree ye shall stick a great naile into the Tree a good way and so let him rest and the Gumme of the Tree shall issue out thereat thus doe men gather Gumme of all sorts of Trees yea the common Gumme that men doe use and occupy To set a whole Apple ALso some say that if ye set a whole Apple four fingers in the earth all the P●pins or Curnels in the same Apple will grow up together in one whole stock or Cion and all those Apples shall be much fairer and greater than others but ye must take heed how you set those Apples which doe come in Leap-year for in Leap-year as some doe say the Curnels or Pepins are turned contrary for if ye would so set as commonly a man doth ye shall set them contrary Of setting the Almond ALmonds doe come forth and grow commonly well if they be set without the shell or husk in good earth or in rotten Hogs dung If ye lay Almonds one day in Vinegar then shall they as some say be very good to plant or lay him in milk or water until he doe sinke it shall be the better to set or any other Nut. Of Pepins watered THe Pepins and Curnels of those Trees which have a thick or rough bark if ye lay them three dayes in water or else untill they sink therein they shall be the better than set them or sow them as is before mentioned and then remove them when they be well rooted or of three or four years growth and they shall have a thin bark To plant or set Vines IF ye plant or set Vines in the first or second year they will bring no fruit but in the third year they will bear if they be well kept ye shall cut them in January and set them soon after they be cut from the Vine and ye shall set two together the one with the old wood and the other without and so let them grow plucking away all weeds from about them when ye shall remove them in the second and third year being well rooted ye shall set them well a foot deep in good fat earth with good dung as of one foot deep or thereabouts and keep them clean from weeds for then they will prosper the better and in Summer when the Grape is knit then ye shall break off his top or branch at one or two joints after the Grape and so the Grape shall be the greater and in the Winter when ye cut them ye shall not leave past two or three leaders on each branch on some branch but one leader which must be cut betwixt two joynts ye shall leave the yong Vine to be the leader Also ye shall leave thereof three or four joynts at all times if a young Cion do come forth of the old branch or side thereof if ye do cut him ye shall cut him hard by the old branch and if ye will have him to bring the Grape next year ye shall leave two or three joynts thereof for the yong Cion alwayes bringeth the Grape ye may at all times so that the Grape be once taken and knit ever as the superfluous Cions do grow break them at a joynt or hard by the old branch and the Grape will be the greater thus ye may order your Vine all the Summer long without any hurt To set or plant the Cherry CHerry-trees and all trees

of stone-fruit would be planted or set of Cions and cold Grounds and places of good earth and likewise in high or hilly places dry and well in the shade if ye do remove ye ought to remove them in November and January if ye shall see your Cherry-tree wax rotten then shall ye make a hole in the middest of the body two foot above the ground with a big Piercer that the humour may passe forth thereby then afore the Spring shut him up again with a pin of the same tree thus ye may do unto all other sorts of trees when they begin to rot is also good for them which bear scant of fruit or none To keep Cherries good a year FOr to keep Cherries good a year ye shall cut off the stalks and then lay them in a well leaded pot and fill the said pot therewith then put into them of good thin Honey and fill the said pot therewith then stop it with clay that no aire enter in then set them in some fair Sellar and put of Sand under and all about it and cover the pot well withall so let it stand or remain thus ye may keep them a year as fresh as though they came from the Tree and after this sort ye may keep Pears or other fruit Against Pismires IF ye have Cherry-trees laden or troubled with Pismires or Ants ye shall rub the body of the Tree and all about the root with the juice of Purslane mingled half with Vineger Some do use to anoint the Tree beneath all about the body with t●rr and birds-lime with wool oyl boiled together and anoint the tree beneath therewith and lay the Chalk stones all about the Tree root some say it is good therefore The setting of Chesnuts THe Chesnut-tree men do use to plant like unto the Fig-tree They may be both planted and graffed well they wax well in fresh and fat earth for in Sand they like not If ye will set the Curnells ye shall lay them in water untill they do sink and those that do sink to the bottome of the water be best to set which ye shall set in the Moneth of November and December foure fingers deep a foot one from another for when they be in these two Moneths Set or Planted they shall endure long and bear also good fruit yet some there be that Plant or Set them first in dung like Beans which will be sweeter than the other sort but those which be set in these two Moneths aforesaid shall first bear their fruit men may prove which is best experience doth teach This is another way to prove and know which Chesnuts be best to plant or set that is ye shall take a quantity of nuts then lay them in Sand the space of thirty dayes then take and wash them in water fair and clean and throw them into water again and those which do sink to the bottome are good to plant or set and the other that swim are naught thus may ye do with all other Curnels or nuts To have all stone fruit taste as ye shall think good IF ye will have all stone-fruit tast as ye shall fansie or think good ye shall first lay your stones to soke in such liquor or moisture as ye will have the fruit tast of and then set them as for the Date tree as some say he bringeth no fruit except he be a hundred year old and the Date-stone must soke one Moneth in the water before he be set then shall ye set him with the small end upward in good fat earth in hot Sandy ground four fingers deep and when the boughs do begin to spring then shall ye every night sprinckle them with rain water or other if ye have none so long till they be come forth and grown Of graffing the Medlar and Misple FOr to graffe the Medlar or Misple men do use to graffe them on the White Hathorn Tree they will prove well but yet small and sowr fruit to graffe one Medlar upon another is the better some men do graffe first the Wilding Cion upon the Medlar stock and so when he is well taken and grown then they graffe thereon the Medlar again the which doth make them more sweet very great and fair Of the Fig-tree THe Fig-tree in some Country beareth his fruit foure times a Year the black Figges are the best being dryed in the Sunne and then laid in a Vessell in beddes one by another and then sprinckled or strawed all over every Lay with fine Meal then stop it up and so it is sent out of that Land If the Fig-tree will not beare ye shall digge him all about and under the roots in February and take out then all his earth and put unto him the dung of a Privy for that he liketh best ye may mingle with it other fat earth as Pigeons Dung mingled with Oyl and Pepper stampt which shall forward him much to anoint his roots therwith ye shall not plant the Fig-tree in cold times he loveth hot stony or gravelly ground and to be planted in Autumne is best Of the Mulberry-tree IF ye will plant the Mulberry-tree the Fig-tree or others which bring no seed ye shall cut a twig or branch from the tree root of a years growth with the old wood or bark about a cubit long which ye shall plant or set in all the earth saven shaftment long to it and so let it grow watering it as ye shall see need This must be done before the leaves be in to spring but take heed ye cut not the end or top above for then it shall wither and dry Of trees that bear bitter fruit OF all such Trees as bear bitter fruit to make them bring sweeter ye shall uncover all the roots in January and take out all that earth then put unto them of Hogs dung great plenty and then after put unto them of other good earth and so cover them therewithall well again and their fruit shall have a sweeter taste Thus men m●y do with other Trees which bring bitter fruit To help barren Trees HEre is another way to help barren Trees that they may bring fruit if you see your Tree not to bear scaree in three or four years good plenty ye shall bore an hole with an Auger or Piercer in the greatest place of the body within a yard of the ground but not through but unto or past the heart ye shall bore him aslope then take Hony and water mingled together a night before then put the said Hony and water into the hole and fill it therewith then stop it close with a short pin made of the same Tree not stricken in too far for piercing the liquour Another way IN the beginning of Winter ye shall dig those Trees round about the roots and let them so rest a day and a night and then put unto them of good earth mingled well with good store of watred Oats or with watred Barley or Wheat laid next unto the

a few hop-Hop-stalks and upon them your Poles observing that one stand at one end of the room and another at the other end ordering the matter so as the tops of the Poles lie not all one way but may be equally and orderly divided otherwise one end of the room would be full before the other whereas now they will lye even and sharp above like an hay-stack or the ridge of an house and sufficiently defend themselves from the weather If you think that you have not Poles enough to fill the room pull down the wit hs or bands lower and your room will be lesse and do this before you lay in your Poles Of tying Hops to the Poles WHen your Hops are grown about one or two foot high bind up with a Rush or Grasse such as decline from the Poles winding them as often ye can about the said Poles and directing them alwayes according to the course of the Sun but if your leisure may serve to do at any other time of the day do it not in the morning when the dew remaineth upon them If you lay soft green Rushes abroad in the dew and the Sun within two or three dayes they will be lithi tough and handsome for this purpose of tying which may not be foreslowed for it is most certain that the Hop that lyeth long upon the ground before he be tyed to the Pole prosp●reth nothing so well as it which sooner attaineth thereunto Of Hilling and Hills NOw you must begin to make your hills and for the better doing thereof you must prepare a tool of Iron fashioned somewhat like to a Coopers Addes but not so much bowing neither so narrow at the head and therefore likest to the nether part of a shovell the poll whereof must be made with a round hole to receive a helve like to the helve of a mattock and in the powl also a nail hole must be made to fasten it to the helve This helve should bow somewhat like to a Sithe or to the steale of a Sithe and it must be little more than a yard long The helve should be straight at the upper end With this tool you may pare away the grasse which groweth in the spaces betwixt the hills and with the same also you may take your hills and pull them down when time requireth Some think it impertinent and not necessary to make hills the first year partly because their distrust of this years profit qualifieth their diligence in this behalf and partly for that they think that the principall root prospereth best when there be no new roots of them forced and maintained But experience confuteth both these conjectures for by industry the first years profit will be great and thereby also the principall sets much amended as their prosperity in the second year will plainly declare But in this work you must be both painfull and curious as wherein confisteth the hope of your gains and the successe of your work For the greater in quantity you make your hills the more in number you shall have of your Hops and the fewer weeds on your ground the more Hops upon your poles In confideration whereof I say your labour must be continuall from this time almost till the time of gathering in raising your hills and clearing ground from weeds In the first year that you plant your Hop-Garden suppresse not one Cion but suffer them all to climb up to the poles for if you should bury or cover all the Springs of any one of your three roots which you did lately set the root thereof perisheth and perhaps out of some one root there will not proceed above one or two springs which being buried that root I say dyeth and therefore the more poles are at this time requisite After the first year you must not suffer above two or three stalks at the most to grow up to one pole but put down and bury all the rest Howbeit you may let them all grow till they be four or five foot high at the least whereby you shall make the better choice of them which you mean to attain whereby also the principall root will be the better c. Some suffer their Hops to climb● up to the tops of the poles and then make the hills at one instant in such quantity as they mean to leave them which is neither the best nor the second way But if for expedition you be driven hereunto begin sooner that is to say when the Hops be four or five foot long and afterwards if leisure shall serve refresh them again with more earth But to make them well and as they ought to be made you must immediately after your poles are set make a little bank or circle round about the outside of them as a dimension how wide your hill shall be and as a receptacle to retain and keep moisture whereof there cannot lightly come too much so it come from above If your Garden be great by that time that you have made an end of these Circles or Banks it will be time to proceed further towards the building up of your hills Now therefore return again to the place where you began or else where you see the Hops highest and with your tool pare off the uppermost earth from the Allies or spaces between the hills and lay the same in your Hops upon and within the circle that you made before alwayes leaving the same highest of any part of the hill and so passe through your Garden again and again till you have raised your hills by little and little to so great a quantity as is before declared and look how high your hill is so long are your new roots and the greater your new roots or springs be the larger and better your Hops will be Great and overgrown weeds should not be laid upon the hills as to raise them to their due quantity but when with diligence and expedition you passe through your Garden continually paring away each green thing assoon as it appeareth you shall do well with the same and the uppermost mold of your Garden together to maintain and encrease the substance of your hills even till they be almost a yard high In the first year make not your hill too rathe left in the doing thereof you oppresse some of those springs which would otherwise have appeared out of the ground It shall not be amisse now and then to passe through your Garden having in each hand a forked wand directing aright such Hops as decline from the Poles but some instead of the said forked wands use to stand upon a stool and do it with their hands Abuses in Hilling SOme observe no time and some no measure in making their hills but having heard say that hills are necessary they make hills once for all and never after pluck down the same but better it were to make no hill than so to do for after the first year it doth derogate and not adde any comfort to