base Almaigne Slanghencruye it is called in English wilde Buglosse the lesser it may be also called Vipers herbe or Vipers Buglosse ⧠Theoccasion of the name Alcibiacum This herbe was called Alcibiacum Alcibiadion of one Alcibiades the first finder out of the vertues of this herbe apresent remedie against the bitings of Serpēts Foras the aūcient Nicander writeth Alcibiades being asleepe was hurtwith a Serpent wherefore whan he awoke and saw this hearbe he tooke of it unto his mouth and chewed it swalowing downe the iuyce thereof after that he layed the herbe being so chewed vpon the sore and was healed Others name it Echion Echidnion Viperina c. Whiche is asmuch to say as Vipers herbe which names haue bene giuen to this plante bycause it is very good against the bitings of Serpents and Vipers and bycause also his seede is like the head of an Adder or Viper Echion siue Alcibiacum †The Nature It is of the same nature that Buglosse is of but that it is somwhat hoater and more subtile †The Vertues The roote boyled in wine and dronke doth not onely helpe such as are hurt by Serpents but also after that a man hath taken it in manner aforesaide it will preserue him from being so hurte The like vertue hath the leaues seede It swageth the payne of the raynes or loynes Also being dronken with wine or otherwise it causeth plenty of milke in womens breastes Of Dogges tunge Chap. v. †The Description THe common Houndes tongue hath a harde rough browne stalke of two or three foote high the leaues be long much like the leaues of the great garden Buglosse but narower smaller and not rough but hauing a certaine fine horenesse vpon thē like veluet At the toppe of the braunches it beareth many floures of a darke purple colour The seede is flat and rough three or foure together like to a trueloue or foure leaued grasse the whiche do cleaue faste vnto garments whan they are ripe like vnto Aegrimonie and other rough seedes The roote is long thicke blacke withoutside †The Place It groweth almoste euery where in waste and vntilled places but specially in sandie coūtreys about pathes and high wayes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and his seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cynoglossum Cynoglossa and Lingua canis whereof also the Italians call it Lingua de Cane the Spaniardes call it Lengua de perro in English Dogs tunge or Houndes tongue in Freuch Langue de chien in high Douch Hundszung in base Almaigne Houdtstonghe This is that second kinde of Cynoglossa whereof Plinie wrote in the eight chapter of the .xxv. Booke it should seeme also to be a kinde of Isatis syluestris whiche a man shall finde described in some examples of Dioscorides in the Chapter Isatis And of Aëtius in his .x. booke and .viij. Chapter Limonium Cynogloss os altera Plinij †The Nature Houndes tougue but specially his roote is colde and dry yea colder than the great garding Buglosse †The Vertues The roote of Houndes tongue is very good to heale woundes and it is with good successe layde to the disease called the wilde fyre whan it is pounde with Barley meale The water or wine wherein it hath bene boyled cureth old sores woundes and hoate inflammations and it is excellent against the Vlcers grieuances of the mouth For the same purpose they make an oyntment as followeth Firste they boyle the iuyce thereof with hony of Roses than whan it is well boyled they mingle Turpentine with it sturring it harde vntill all be well incorporate togither than they applie it to woundes The roote rosted in hoate imbers and layde to the fundament healeth the inwarde Hemerrhoydes Of Gorage Chap. vi †The Description BOrage hath rough prickely leaues broade large of a swart greene colour at the first comming vp bending or rather spreading themselues abroade flatte vpon the ground in proportion like to an Oxe tongue The sralke is rough and rude of the heigth of a foote half parting it selfe at the toppe into diuers small braunches bearing fayre pleasant floures in fashion like Starres of colour blew or Azure and sometimes white The seede is blacke and there is founde twoo or three togither in euery huske like as in the common Buglosse but it is smaller and blacker then Buglosse seede There is also an other kinde of Borage which indureth the winter like to the cōmon Buglosse and is like to the aforesaide Borage in proportion sent sauour and vertues but his floures be very small and like to the common Buglosse floures but smaller †The Place It groweth in all gardens and in sandie champion countreys †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in Iune and continueth flouring all the Somer †The Names The auncient Fathers called it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lingua bubula Libanium or Lingua bouis that is to say Langue de beuf ou vache in English Oxe tongue Plinie calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bycause it maketh men gladde and merie the Apothecaries name it Borago and accordingly it is called in Italion Borragine in Spanish Borraia Borraienes in English Borage in Frēch Bourroche or Bourrache in Highdouche Burretsch in base Almaigne Bernagie or Bornagie Buglossum verum †The Nature It is hoate and moyste †The Vertues Ye may finde this written of Borage that if the leaues or floures of Borage be put in wine and that wine dronken it wil cause men to be gladde and mery and driueth away all heauy sadnesse and dull Melancholie Borage boyled with honied water is very good against the roughnesse or hoarsenesse of the throte Dioscorides writeth that he hath heard say that if one pound Borage that hath but onely three braunches togither with his roote and seede and afterward a man giue the same to drinke to him that hath a Tertian ague cureth the same Also that of foure branches prepared after the same manner is good to be giuen to drinke against the feuer Quartayne Of Anthyllis Chap. vij †The Kindes ANthyllis as saith Dioscorides is of two sortes Whereof one may be called great Anthyllis and the other small Anthyllis Anthyllis prior Great Anthyllis Anthyllis altera Kali species Small Anthyllis †The Description 1 THe first Anthyllis in his stalke leaues is not much vnlike vnto Lentill sauing that it is whiter softer and sinaller The stalke is of a foote high white and softe with leaues spred broade white and softe also but smaller thicker then Lentill leaues the floures clustering togither at the toppe of the stalke of a yellow or pale colour The seede is in small huskes The roote is small and of wooddy substance The second is not much vnlike Chamaepythis It hath fiue or six small braūches or more creping or trayling alongst the ground thicke set with little small narrow leaues betwixt whiche the stalkes there
riseth small purple floures with seede according The roote is small and of the length of a fingar The whole herbe is full of sape salt like Tragus whereof we shal speake hereafter and of this herbe they make Axsen whiche is vsed for the making of glasses †The Place It groweth in salt sandy grounds as in Zeland alongst the coast where there is store of it †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and the seede is rype in Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And we haue named it Anthyllis prior as a difference from the second Anthyllis Plinie calleth it in Latine Anthyllon Anthyllion and Anthycellon vnknowen of the Apothecaries Some Arboristes do call it Glaudiola the which worde is deriued from Glaux and some iudge it to be Glaux albeit it is not the right Glaux The second is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anthyllis altera as a difference from the first Anthyllis some of our time do call it Borda †The Nature It is dry and serueth properly to heale and close vp woundes †The Vertues If one drinke halfe an ounce of the first Anthyllis it shall preuayle much against the hoate pisse the Strangury or difficultie to make water and against the payne of the Reynes The same mingled with milke and oyle of Roses is good for the Matrix or Mother being charged and oppressed with colde humors to be applied or layde outwardly to the belly Also it cureth woundes by it self being layde vpoÌ„ them or being mixte with salues oyntments or oyles The other Anthyllis taken with Oximell that is honied Vineger is good for them that haue the falling sickenesse Of the Clote Burre Chap. viij ⧠The Kindes THere be two sortes of Clote Burres in this countrey the one is the great Burre the other the lesser Burre the whiche Dioscorides described aparte Neuerthelesse we haue reduced both into one chapter bycause of the likelihood that is betwixt them both in name fasshion Arcium siue Personata Great Clote Burre Xanthium Louse Burre or the lesser Clote †The Description THe great Clote hath leaues very large and long greater than Gourde leaues of a swarte greene colour but of a grayish colour on the side next the ground The stalke is round hollow of colour somwhat white redde with diuers side bowghes braunches set ful of small leaues vpon the braunches there groweth small bullets or rounde balles garnisshed full of little crookes or hookes wherewithal they take holde or cleaue fast and hang vpon garments at last the sayde bullets or knoppes do open and put forth a fayre purple thromde or veluet floure The roote is single long blacke wâ—thout white within and in taste bitter The lesser Clote Burre hath grayish leaues like vnto Orache iagged or snipte round about the edges The stalke is a foote and half long full of blacke spottes diuiding it selfe into many branches or winges Betwixt the leaues and the sayde branches there groweth three or foure small Burres in a cluster somewhat long like to a small Oliue or Cornell berry prickly and cleauing fast vnto garments In the middell of those small Burres there groweth forth as it were a little Crownet somewhat aboue the Burres vpon whiche groweth small floures the which do perish after their opening and do fall with their Crowne than commeth the little Burres with long seede the which afterward do neuer open nor floure otherwise than is aforesayde The roote is redde and full of small threedes or hearie strings †The Place The Clote Burres delight to grow by the way side about the borders of fieldes in untilled places and dry Diches †The Tyme Theyr season is in Iuly and August †The Names The great Burre called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Personatia Personata and Arcium of Apulcius Dardana in Shoppes Bardana maior and Lappa maior in ItaliaÌ„ Lappola maggiore in Spanish Lampazos yerua dos pegamazos pagamacera mayor in English the great Burre or great Clote Burre in French Bardane la grande Lappe grande grand Glouteron or Gleteron in high Douch Grosz kletten in base Almaigne Groote Clissen The lesser is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Xanthium in Shoppes Lappa minor and Lappa inuersa in Italian Lappola minore in Spanish Pagamacera menor that is to say the small Burre the Burre turned in out in French Le petit Glouteron in high Douch Bettlertsz leusz and Spitz kletten that is to say Rams lyce or Beggers lysse and the poynted or sharpe Burre in base Almaigne cleyn Clissen in English Diche Burre and lowse Burre †The Nature The Clote Burres haue power to dry vp consume or dissolue but the lesser is the hoater †The Vertues The iuyce of the great Burre dronken with Hony prouoketh vryne and swageth the payne of the bladder The same dronken with olde wine healeth the bitings and stingings of venemous beasts The leaues pound with a littell salte is with great profite layd vnto the bitings and stingings of Serpents madde Dogges other venemous beasts The scede made into pouder taken with the best wine that may be gotten by the space of fortie dayes is very profitable for such as haue the Sciatica A dramme which is the eigth parte of an vnce of the roote pound with the kernesses of Pine apple and dronken is a soueraigne medicine for such as spit bloud and corrupt matter It is good for such as haue ache or payne in their ioyntes by reason that the sayde ioyntes or bones haue bene before out of ioynt broken or hurte The greene leaues pounde with the white of Egges cureth burnings and olde sores being layde thereto The iuyce of the lesser Burre dronken with wine is much vsed against the bitings of venemous beasts and also against the grauell and the stone The fruite pounde layde vnto colde swellings called in Greeke Oedema consumeth the same and scattereth or wasteth all colde humors and is specially good against the Kings euell called Strumas and Strofulas Of Mugworte Chap. ix †The Description MUgworte hath broade leaues all iagged torne like the leaues of Mormwood but something smaller specially those whiche grow about that stalke they are of a browne greene colour aboue and white hoare or gray vnderneath The stalke is long and straight full of branches The floures are smal round buttons growing alongst the branches like Mormwood smelling whan they begin to ware ripe somewhat after Marioram The roote is of a wooddy substance hath small hearie strings Of this herbe there be twoo kindes moe differing onely in colour The one hath redde branches floures and is called redde Mugworte The other hath greenish branches changing towardes white and is called white Mugworte in all things els like one to an other †The Place Mugworte
decoctiō of the leaues is very good against all sores inflāmatiō of the mouth throote it fasteneth loose teeth if it be oftē vsed or holdē in the mouth Of Fumeterre Chap. xv †The Kindes There is two kindes of Fumeterre as Plinie writeth in the .xiij. chap. of the .xxv. booke of his naturall History Wherof the first is the common Fumetory the which was knowen vsed in Medicine of Galen Paule other the Greeke Physitions The second is an other herbe onely knowen of Plinie the whiche both are knowen in this countrey Capnos fumaria Fumeterre Capnos Plinij Phragmites Nedge Fumeterre †The Description THe common Fumeterre hath a square stalke beset with small leaues very tender weake and finely iagged somewhat gray like asshie colour like to the leaues of Coriander but much smaller the floure is small and purple growing togither like a littell cluster and changeth into littell small knops or beries wherein is very small seede The roote is but simple with a very few small heares or strings about the same Small Fumeterre hath also many slender branches vpon whiche groweth small iagged leaues in colour taste and in fashion also somewhat like the Fumeterre aforesayde It hath also certaine small threedes or clasping tendrels by the whiche it taketh holdfast in all places by Hedges and other herbes The floures are small and clustering togither of a white colour mixed with a littell blew after the floures there commeth forth small huskes or coddes in which is conteyned the seede The roote is single and of the length of a fingar †The Place Fumeterre groweth best amongst wheate Barley also it groweth in gardens amongst potherbes in Vineyardes and such other open places Small Fumeterre groweth vnder hedges in the borders of fieldes and about olde walles †The Tyme They do bothe floure in May and Iune †The Names The first of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fumaria and Capnium in Shoppes Fumus terrae in Spanish Palomilla y palomina y yerua malarin̄a in English Fumeterre in French Fumeterre in high Douch Erdtrauch Taubencropff Katzenkorbel in base Almaigne Grysecom Duyuekeruel and Eerdtroock The second is called of Plinie Capnos Pes Gallinaceus Therfore Capnos Plinij and this is that whiche is called Hermolaus of Aëtius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Capnum Chelidoniū not knowen in shoppes some following Plinie do call it in Latine Pes gallinaceus in French Pied de geline in base Almaigne cleyn Eerdtroock in English Hedge Fumeterre and Hennes foote †The Nature Fumeterre is hoate and dry almost in the second degree and so is Hennes foote as one may know by the sharpnes and bitter taste †The Vertues The iuyce of Fumeterre dropped into the eyes doth sharpen and quicken the sight the same mengled with gumme and layd to the eye liddes will cause that the heare that hath bene ones pulled of shall not grow againe The decoction of Fumeterre dronken driueth forth by vrine siege all hoate Cholerique burnte pernicious humors Bysides this it is very good against the foule scurffe and rebellious olde sores and the great Pockes The iuyce of Fumeterre dronken worketh the like effect for this purpose is of greater power than the Decoction of Fumeterre Henfoote or hedge Fumeterre as Plinie sayth is of the same nature vertue as the other Fumeterre and is a singular medicine against the weakenesse of the sight especially for such as seeme to see small strawes if the iuyce thereof be dropped into the eyes Of Germander Chap. xvi †The Description GErmander is a shorte herbe of a spanne or foote long bringing foorth from his roote many tender stemmes or branches The leaues are smal tender indēted cut about much like the leaues of certayne Okes but farre smaller The floures are small of a broune blew colour compassing round the toppe of the stalke The seede is small blacke and rounde The roote is small and slender creping vnder the earth here and there †The Place Germander groweth luckely in stony hilles mountaynes such like places also it groweth in wooddes it is to be found growing in certayne wooddes of Brabant and it is planted in gardens †The Tyme Germander floureth in Iune Iuly †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaedrys Trixago of som Quercula minor Serratula in Shoppes Chamędryos of the Italians Querinola Chamedrio Chamandrina in Spanish Chamedreos yerua in French Germandreé or Chesnette in English Germander English Treacle in high Almaigne Gamanderlein and Kleyn Bathengel in base Almaigne Gamanderlijn Chamaedrys Germander †The Nature It is hoate dry in the third degrée †The Vertues Germander with his floures boyled in water and dronken deliuereth the body from all obstructions stoppings and cutteth of tough and clammy humors therfore being receiued as is before sayde it is specially good for them that haue the cough shortnesse of breath the Strangury or stopping of vrine and for such as begin to haue the Dropsie It bringeth downe womens naturall sicknesse If it be dronken with vineger it is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the Milte or Splene The iuyce of the leaues mengled with oyle and straked vpon the eyes driueth away the white Cloude called the Hawe or Pearle in the eye and all maner dimnes of the same Of Paules Getony Chap. xvij †The Kindes THere is two kindes of Veronicae or Betonicę Pauli The one is the right Veronica the which is called Veronica mas The other is a small herbe very like the right Veronica and is called Veronica foemina †The Description THe male Veronica is a smal herbe crepeth by the ground with smal reddish hearie braunches or stalkes The leafe is something long and somwhat greene a little hearie dented or snipte roūd about the edges like a sawe The floures are aboue about the top of the branches smal of a light blew mengled with purple the seede is in smal flat pouches The roote is smal hearie Betonica Pauli Veronica mas Paules Betony Herbe Fluellyn or Speedewell Groundhele Laudata Nobilium Veronica foemina The female Veronica doth also creepe and spread vpon the grounde it hath slender stemmes and somwhat large leaues a littell hearie and pleasantly soft The floures be yellow with small croked tayles like the floures of Larkes claw or Larkes spurre The seede is in small rounde huskes like the seede of Pympernell †The Place The male Veronica groweth in rough sandy places aboute the borders of fieldes and wooddes The female groweth in low moyst places †The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first Veronica is called of Paulus Aegineta Lib. vij in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Betonica and therefore Doctor William Turner and I do call it Betonica Pauli
growe about hedges and olde walles and by way sides †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muralium Perdicium and Vrceolaris and of some Parietaria Muralis Perdicalis in Shoppes Paritaria in Italian Lauirreola in Spanish Yerua del muro Alfahaquilla del muro Alfahaquilla de culebra in English Parietary Pellitory of the Wall in high Douch Tag vnd nacht S. Peters kraut Glaszkraut Maurkraut in base Almaigne Parietarie and Glascruyt †The Nature Parietarie is somewhat colde moyst drawing nere to a meane tēperature †The Vertues Parietorie is singuler against cholerike inflammations the disease called Ignis sacer S. Anthonies fyre spreading and running sores burnings and all hoate vlcers being stamped and layde therevpon An oyntment made with the iuyce of this herbe and Ceruse is very good against all hoate vlcers spreading and consuming sores hoate burning scuruy and spreading scabbes and such like impediments The same iuyce mēgled with Deare sewet is good to annoynt the feete against that kinde of goute which they call Podagra The same iuyce mengled with oyle of Roses and dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The decoction or brothe of Parietorie dronken helpeth suche as are vexed with an olde Cough the grauell and stone and is good against the difficultie and stopping of vrine and that not onely taken inwardly but also layde to outwardly vpon the region of the Bladder in maner of a fomentatiō or a warme bathe Of Chickeweede Chap. xxxv †The Kindes ALthough Dioscorides and Plinie haue written but of one kinde of Alsine or Chickeweede neuerthelesse a man may finde in most places of this countrey diuers sortes of herbes comprehended vnder the name of Alsine or Chickeweede ouer and bysides that whiche is found in salt groundes whereof the first and right Alsine is that whiche Dioscorides and the Auncients haue described †The Description THe great Chickeweede hath sundry vpright rounde and knobby stalkes The leaues growe at euery ioynt or knotte of the stalke alwayes twoo togither one directly standing agaynst an other meetely large sometimes almost of the breadth of twoo fingers not much vnlike Parietory leaues but longer and lesse hearie about the toppe of the braunches amongst the leaues groweth small stemmes with littell knoppes the whiche chaunge into small white floures diepely cutt and snipte after the floures yee shall perceyue huskes or Coddes somewhat long and rounde wherein lieth the seede The whole herbe dothe not differ much from Parietory for his stemmes also be through shyning and somewhat redde about the ioyntes and the leaues be almost of the same quantitie so that Dioscorides sayth that this herbe should be Parietory but that it is smaller and baser or lower and that the leaues be longer and not so hearie Alsine maior Great Chickeweede Alsines secundum genus The second Chickeweede The second is like to the great Chickeweede sauing that it is smaller and groweth not vpright but lieth and spreadeth vpon the ground The leaues are much smaller growing twoo and twoo togither at euery ioynt The floures huskes and seede is like the great Chickeweede The roote hath many small hearie threddes The thirde and smallest Chickeweede is not much vnlike the second but a great deale smaller in all respectes in so much that his stemmes be like vnto small threddes and his leaues no bigger then Tyme otherwayes it is lyke to the second The fourth kinde called of the base Almaignes Hoenderbeet that is to say Henbit hath many rounde hearie stemmes The leaues be somewhat round hearie a little snipt or iagged about the edges otherwise not much vnlike the leaues of great Chickeweede The floures be blew or purple do bring forth small close knappes or huskes in which is inclosed the seede The fifth kinde is like to the aforesayd in his hearie stemmes his leaues be longer narrower and iagged rounde about the floures of a cleare blew the seede is in broade huskes as the seede of Veronica or Paules Betony Alsines tertium genus The third Chickeweede Alsines quartum genum The fourth Cchickeweede Alsines quintum genus The fifth Chickeweede There is yet a sixte kynde of Chickeweede which groweth onely in Salte ground like to the others in leaues and knotty stemmes but chiefly like to the second kinde sauing that his stemmes are thicker shorter and the knots or ioyntes stande nearer one to an other The leaues are thicker the huskes be not long but flat rounde and somewhat squate or cornered like a great hasting or gardē pease euery huske hauing three or foure browne seedes almost of the quantitie of a vetche †The Place The great Chickeweede groweth in moyst shadowy places in hedges busshes amongst other herbes in such like places ye shall finde the rest but the sixth groweth not except onely in salte groundes by the sea side †The Tyme These herbes do most cōmonly floure about Midsomer †The Names The great Chickeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Alsine and of some late writers Hippia maior in Italian Panarina and Centone vnknowen to the Apothecaries The second third are called of the Apothecaries Morsus gallinae Hippia minor in English Middle Chickeweede in high Douch Vogelkraut and Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Vogelcruyt Hoenderbeet and cleynen Muer The fourth also is called of some Morsus gallinae in high Douch Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Hoenderbeet it may also be called in French Morgeline Bastarde The fifth is called of the high Almaignes Huners erb of the base Almaines Hoender erue that is to say the Hennes right or Hennes inheritance it is also called in French Moron Bastard Moron violet and Oeil de Chat. The sixth whiche groweth in salte groundes wee may call Alsine marina that is to say Sea Chickeweede †The Nature Chickeweede is colde and moyst in substance much lyke Parietorie as Galen writeth †The Vertues The great Chickeweede pounde and layde to the eyes or the iuyce thereof straked vpon the eyes is good against inflammations and the hoate vlcers of the eyes The same vsed in manner aforesayde and layde to the place is good against all hoate vlcers that be harde to cure but especially those aboute the pryuie partes The small Chickeweede and specially the second kinde boyled in water and salte is a soueraigne remedie against the scuruy heate and itche of the handes if they be often wasshed or bathed in the same Sea Chickeweede serueth to no knowen vse Of Mouse eare Chap. xxxvi †The Description MOuse eare as Dioscorides saith hath many small and slender stemmes somewhat redde bylow about the whiche groweth leaues alwayes two togither standing one directly against an other they are small blackishe and somewhat long and sharpe poynted almost like to the eare of a Mouse or Ratte betwixte the leaues there groweth forth small braunches wherevpon are blew floures like the floures of female Pimpernell The roote is as thicke as a fingar There is yet another herbe whiche some holde for Mouse eare This is a low herbe most commonly spreading vpon the ground enuironned
kinde of S. Iohns worte in his leaues and stemmes differeth not much frō Hypericum sauing that it is greater The stalke is long without branches or springs the leaues are like the other S. Iohns Grasse but longer browner and greener for the most parte vnderneth it is ouerlayde and couered with fine softe heare sweete in taste and do not shew thorow holed or pricked as the other The floures are like to Hypericum but paler and with longer leaues The buddes before the opening of the floures are spotted with small blacke speckes The seede is in huskes like the seede of Hypericum and smelleth likewise almost like Rosin There is yet an other kinde of this herbe the which the base Almaignes do call Conraet very like to the aforesaide sauing that his leaues be greater whiter not so hearie or softe but better like S. Iohns worte although they appeere not thorow prickt or holed The floures are like to the aforesaid ar also specked in the knappes and buddes with small blacke spottes The roote is woodishe like the other Rata syluestris c. Great S. Iohns worte Ascyrum S. Peters worte †The Place These herbes grow in rough vntilled places in hedges and Copses †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is wild Rue yet this is none of the kindes of the grieuous sauored or stinking Rue it is also called of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Androsaemum The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Ascyrum both are vnknowen in Shoppes in English Square S. Iohns grasse great S. Iohns worte most cōmonly S. Peters worte in high Douch Harthew Waldt Hoff The secōd is called of some Kunratz in base Almaigne Herthoy Coenraet †The Nature They are hoate and dry and lyke to Hypericum ⧠The Vertues The seede of S. Peters worte or square S. Iohns grasse dronken the weight of two Drammes with Honied water and vsed a long space cureth the Sciatica that is the payne in the hanches The same pounde is good to be layde vpon burnings The wine wherein the leaues therof haue ben boyled hath power to cōfolidate close vp woundes if they be oftentimes wasshed with the sayde wine Of Tutsan or Parke leanes Chap. xlv †The Description ANdrosemon is like to Saint Iohns worte S. Peters grasse It hath many rounde stalkes comming out of one roote the whiche do bring forth leaues muche larger than the leaues of S. Iohns wurte in the beginning greene but after that the seede is ripe they waxe redde than being brused betwixt ones fingers they yeeld a redde sappe or iuyce At the toppe of the stalkes groweth smal knoppes or round buttons the whiche in their opening do bring forth floures like to S. Iohns grasse but greater whan they are fallen or perisshed there appeareth littell small pellots or round balles very red at the beginning but afterward of a browne and very darke redde colour whan they be ripe like to the colour of clotted or congeled drie bloud in whiche knops or bearies is conteyned the seede which is small and browne the roote is harde and of wooddie substance yearely sending forth new springs Androsaemon †The Place This herbe groweth not in this countrey except in gardens where as it is sowen and plāted The Authors of Stirp Aduers noua do affirme that Androsemon groweth by Bristow in England in S. Vincentes Rockes and woody Cleues beyond the water But if Androsemon be Tursan or Parke leaues it groweth plentifully in woodes and parkes in the west partes of England †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Androsaemum vnknowen to the Apothecaries It hath none other common name that I know yet some do also call it Androsae mum fruticans Tutsan so called in French and in English is thought of some late writers to be Clymenon and is called of thē Clymenon Italorum siue Siciliana of our Apothecaries Agnus castus †The Nature It is hoate and dry like S. Iohns grasse or S. Peters wurte †The Vertues Androsemon his vertues are lyke to S. Peters wurte S. Iohns grasse as Galen saith Tutsan is much vsed in Baulmes Drenches and other remedies for woundes Of Woad or Pastel Chap. xlvi ⧠The Kindes THere be two sortes of Woad the one is of the garden and cōmeth of seede and is vsed to colour and die cloth into blew The other is wilde Woad and commeth vp of his owne kinde Isatis satiua Garden Woad Isatis syluestris Wilde Woad †The Description GArden Woad hath long broade swartegreene leaues spread vpon the ground almost lyke the leaues of Plantayne but thicker and blacker the stalke riseth vp from the middest of the leaues of two cubites long set full of smaller and sharper leaues the whiche at the toppe diuideth and parteth it self into many small branches vpon the whiche groweth many littell floures very small and yellow and after them long broade buskes like littell tunges greene at the first and afterward blackishe in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is white single and straight and without any great store of threeds or strings The wilde is very like to the garden Woad in leaues stalke and making sauing that the stalke is tenderer smaller and browner and the huskes more narrow otherwise there is no difference betwixt them †The Place Garden Woad is sowen in diuers places of Flanders Almaigne in fertill good grounds The wilde groweth of his owne kinde in vntilled places ⧠The Tyme Both do floure in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Isatis and Glastum of the late writers Guadum and of some Luteum herba in English Woad or Pastel in French Guesde or Pastel in Spanish also Pastel in Italian Guado in high Douche Weibt and Waydt in base Almaigne Weebt †The Nature Garden Woad is dry without any sharpnesse The wilde dryeth more and is more sharpe and byting †The Vertues Garden or sowen Woad brused is good to be layde vpon the woundes of mightie strong people whiche are vsed to dayly labour and exercise and vpon places to stop the running out of bloud vpon fretting vlcers rotten sores It scattereth and dissolueth all colde empostumes being layde therevpon The wilde Woad resisteth moyst and flowing vlcers and consuming rotten sores being layde therevpon but against the other grieffes for which the garden Woad serueth it is of lesse strength and serueth to small purpose bycause of his exceeding sharpnesse The Decoction of wilde Woad dronken is very good for such as haue any stopping or hardnesse in the Milte or Splene Of Dyers weede Chap. xlvij †The Description THe leaues of this herbe are long narrow blackish not much vnlike the leaues
slender stalkes creeping by the grounde vpon euery side whereof groweth small rounde leaues and somewhat large almost like to a pēny The floures be yellow almost lyke to gold cuppes The roote is smal and tender †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medows about ditches watercourses in Copses that stand lowe †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in May and continueth flouring all the Somer Nummularia †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Nūmularia Centummorbia of some Serpentaria and also Lunaria grassula in English Herbe two pence two penny grasse and Monyworte in Frēch Herbe à cent maladies in high Douch Pfenningkraut Egelkraut clein Naterkraut in base Almaigne Pēninckruyt Eghelcruyt †The Nature Two penny grasse is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The later wryters do say that if this herbe be boyled in wyne and dronken with Hony that it healeth and cureth the woundes and hurtes of the Lunges that it is good against the Cough but specially against the dāgerous Cough in yong children to be taken as is afore sayde Wilde Flaxe / or Tode Flaxe Chap. liiij Linaria Osyris †The Description STanworte wilde flaxe or Tode flax hath small slender blackish stalkes out of which groweth many leaues togither long and narrow much like to the leaues of Lyn. The floures be yellow large close before like to a frogges mouth and narrow behinde croked like to Larkes spurre or Larkes clawe The seede is large and blacke conteyned in small rounde huskes the whiche commeth forth after the falling of of the floure There is an other kinde of this herbe the which is not common and it beareth fayre blewe floures in all other things lyke to the other sauing that his stalkes floures and leaues are smaller and tenderer but yet it groweth vp to a higher stature To these kindes of wilde Flaxe or Linarie it were not amisse to ioyne that herbe which is called in Italy Beluedere This plante hath diuers small shutes or scourges bearing small narrow leaues almost like to the leaues of Flaxe the fluores be small and of a grasse colour and do grow at the toppe of the stalkes †The Place They grow wilde in vntilled places about hedges the borders of fieldes Osyris groweth in many places of Italy and Lombardie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names This herb is called in Shoppes Linaria and of some Pseudolinum and Vrinalis in English Tode flaxe and wilde flaxe in French Linaire or Lin sauuage in high Douch Lynkraut Flaschkraut Harnkraut vnser frawen Flasch wild Flasch krotten flasch in base Almaigne Wildt vlas The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Osyris but in this our age it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as we haue sayde it is called in Italy Beluedere in English Stanneworte †The Nature Stanworte is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Osyris or Tode flaxe dronken openeth the old cold stoppings of the Liuer Milte is singuler good for such as haue the Iaunders without Feuers especially whan the Iaunders is of long continuance The same doth also prouoke vrine and is a singuler medicine for suche as can not pisse but droppe after droppe and against the stoppings of the kidneys and Bladder Of Shepherds purse Chap. lv †The Description BVrsa Pastoris hath round tough and pliable braunches of a foote long with long leaues depely cut or iagged like the leaues of Seneuy but much smaller The floures are white grow alongst by the stalkes in place whereof whan they are gone there riseth small flatte Coddes or triangled pouches wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long white and single †The Place Sheepeherds pouche groweth in streates and wayes in rough stonie and vntilled places †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly Pastoria bursa †The Names This herbe hath neither Greeke nor Latine name giuen to him of the Ancient writers but the later writers haue called it in Latine Pastoria bursa Pera Bursa pastoris in English Shepherds purse Scrippe or Pouche and of some Casseweede in Frēch Labouret or Bourse de bergers in high Douch Desthelkraut and Hirten sechel in base Almaigne Teskens or Borsekens cruyt †The Nature It is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Shepherdes purse dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe the spitting and pissing of bloud womens termes and all other fluxe of bloud howsoeuer it be taken for whiche it is so excellent that some write of it saying that it will stanche bloud if it be but only holden in the hande or carried about the body Of Cinquefoyle / or Fiue fingar grasse Chap. lvi †The Kyndes THere are foure sortes of Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle two kindes therof beareth yellow floures wherof the one is great the other smal The third kinde beareth white floures and the fourth kinde redde floures all are like one an other in leaues and fasshion Pentaphyllon luteum maius Yellow Cinquefoyle the greater Pentaphyllon luteum minus Yellow Cinquefoyle the lesser †The Description THe great yellow Cinquefoyle hath rounde tender stalkes creeping by the ground and running abroade like the stalkes or branches of wilde Tansie and taking holde in diuers places of the ground vpon whiche slender branches groweth long leaues snipt or dented round about the edges alwaies fiue growing togither vpon a stem or at the ende of a stem The floures be yellow and parted into fiue leaues The which whan they are vanisshed do turne into smal round and harde bearies like Strawberies in which groweth the seede The roote is blackish long and slender The small yellow Cinquefoyle is much like the other in his leaues creeping vpon the ground also in his stalkes floures and seede sauing that it is a greate deale smaller and doth not lightly take holdfast cleaue to the ground as the other doth The leaues are smaller then the others and of a whitish colour vnderneth next to the grounde Pentaphyllon album White Cinquefoyle Pentaphyllon Rubrum Redde Cinquefoyle The white Cinquefoyle is like the great yellow Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches creeping by the grounde and in his leaues diuided into fiue partes but that his stalkes or branches be rough The leaues be long and not snipt or dented rounde about but before onely The floures be white and the roote is not single but hath diuers other small rootes hanging by The redde Cinquefoyle also is somewhat like to the others especially like the great yellow kinde The leaues be also parted in fiue leaues and nicte or snipte round about the whiche are whitish vnderneth and of aswarte greene colour aboue The stalke is of a spanne or foote long of colour browne or reddishe with certayne ioyntes or knots but not hearie
The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes most cōmonly two togither of a browne redde colour after the whiche there commeth vp small round beries of a swarte redde colour like Strawberies but harder within whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is tender and spreading about here and there †The Place Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle groweth low and in shadowie places sometimes also by water sides especially the redde kinde whiche is onely founde in diches or aboute diches of standing water †The Tyme Cinquefoyle floureth in May but chiefly in Iune †The Names Cinquefoyle is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Pentaphyllum and Quinquefolium in Italian Cinquefolio in Spanish Cinco en rama in English Cinquefoyle or Sinkefoyle of some Fyueleaued grasse or Fiuefingred grasse in French Quintefueille in high Douch Funfffingerkraut Funffblat in base Almaigne Vijfvingercruyt †The Nature Cinquefoyle is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of Synkefoyle boyled in water vntill the thirde parte be consumed doth appease the aking and raging payne of the teeth Also if one hold in his mouth the decoction of the same and the mouth be well wasshed therewithall it cureth the sores and vlcers of the same The same decoction of the roote of Sinkefoyle dronken cureth the bloudy flixe and all other fluxe of the bellie and stancheth all excessiue bleeding and is good against the goute Sciatica The roote boyled in vineger doth mollifie and appeace fretting and consuming sores and dissolueth wennes and colde swellings it cureth euilfauored nayles and the inflammation and swelling about the siege and all naughtie scuruinesse if it be applied thereto The iuyce of the roote being yet yong and tender is good to be dronken against the disseases of the Liuer the Lunges and al poyson The leaues dronken in honied water or wine wherein some Pepper hath bene mengled cureth Tertian and Quartaine feuers And dronken after the same maner by the space of thirtie dayes it helpeth the falling sicknesse The leanes pound layde too healeth filine burstings or the falling doune of the bowelles or other mater into the Coddes and mengled with salte and Hony they close vp woundes Fistulas and spreading vlcers The iuyce of the leaues dronken doth cure the Iaunders and comforte the Lyuer Of Tormentill / or Setfoyle Chap. lvij †The Description TOrmentill is much like vnto Sinckefoyle it hath slender stalkes rounde and tender fiue of sixe springing vp out of one roote and creeping by the ground The leaues be small fiue or most commonly seuen growing vpon a stem much like the leaues of Sinckefoyle and euery leafe is likewise snipte and dented rounde about the edges The floures be yellow much like the floures of wilde Tansie and Sinckefoyle The roote is browne redde and thicke †The Place Tormentill groweth in low darke shadowy woodes in greene wayes †The Tyme It floureth oftētimes al the somer long †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes and in Latine Tormentilla and of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Septifolium in English Setfoyle and Tormentill in French Tormentille Souchet de bois in high Douch Tormentill Brickwurtz and Rot Heylwurtz in base Almaigne Tormētille The markes and notes of this herbe do approche very neare to the description of Chrysogonum †The Nature It dryeth in the third degree †The Vertues The leaues of Tormentill with their roote boyled in wine or the iuyce thereof dronken prouoketh sweate and by that meanes it driueth out all venim from the harte moreouer they are very good to be eaten or dronken against all poyson and against the plague or pestilence The same vertue hath the dryed rootes to be made in pouder and dronker in wine Tormentilla Also the roote of Tormentill made into pouder dronken in wine whan one hath no feuer or with the water of a Smythes forge or water wherein Iron or hoate burning steele hath bene often quenched whan one hath a feuer cureth the blouddy flixe al other fluxes or laskes of the belly It stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluouse rūning of womens floures all other kindes of fluxe or issue of bloud The Decoction of the leaues roote of Tormentill or the iuyce of the same dronken is good for all woundes both inwardly and outwardly it doth also open and heale the stoppings and hurtes of the Lunges and the Lyuer and is good against the Iaunders The roote of the same made into pouder and tempered or knoden with the white of an Egge and eaten stayeth the desire to vomitte and is good against the dissease called Choler or Melancholy The same boyled in water and afterward the mouth being wasshed therewithall cureth the noughtie vlcers and sores of the same Of Strawberries Chap. lviij †The Description THe Strawberrie with his small and slender hearie branches creepeth alongst the ground and taketh roote and holde fast in diuers places of the ground like Sinckefoyle the leaues also are somewhat like Sinckfoyle for they be likewise cut and snipte round about neuerthelesse it bringeth forth but onely three leaues growing togither vpon each hearie stem or footestalke The floures be white yellow in the middel somewhat after the fasshiō of Cinquefoyle the whiche being past it beareth a pleasant round fruite greene at the firste but redde whan it is rype sometimes also ye shall finde them very white whan they be ripe in taste and sauour very pleasant †The Place Strawberies growe in shaddowy wooddes deepe trenches and bankes by high way sides They be also muche planted in gardens †The Tyme The Strawbery floureth in Aprill and the frute is ripe in Iune †The Names The Strawbery is called in Latine Fragaria Fragula in English Strawbery Strawbery plante in French Fraisier in high Douch Erdtheerē kraut in base Almaigne Eerdtbesiencruyt The frute is called in Latine Fraga in French Des fraises in high Douch Erdtbeer in base Almaigne Eerdtbesien Fragaria †The Nature The Strawbery plante or herbe with the greene and vnripe Strawberies are colde dry The ripe Strawberies are colde and moyst †The Vertues The Decoction of the Strawbery plante dronken stoppeth the laske the superfluouse course of womens floures The same decoction holden kept in the mouth comforteth the gummes cureth the naughtie vlcers and sores of the mouth auoydeth the stinking of the same The iuyce of the leaues cureth the rednesse of the face Strawberies quench thirst the cōtinual vse of them is very good for them that feele great heate in their stomacke Of Siluer weede / or wilde Tansie Chap. lix †The Description THe wilde Tansie is much like to the Strawbery plante and Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches and in his creeping alongst and hanging fast to the grounde his stalkes be also small and tender The leaues be long deepely cut euen harde to
Plantayne in high Douch Mittel and breyter Wegrich in basé Almaigne Breet wechbree The thirde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Quinqueneruia otherwise it is now called in Latine Lanceolata and Lanceola in English Ribbeworte in French Petit Plantain Lanceole and Lanceolette in high Douch Spitzer wegrich in base Almaigne Cleyn wechbree Hontsribbe We call the fourth Plantago marina in English Sea Plantayne in French Plantain de mer in base Almaigne Zee Wechbree †The Nature Plantayne is colde and dry in the second degree †The Vertues The leaues of Plantayne eaten with meates or otherwise are very good against the falling downe of Reumes Catarres they comfort the Stomacke and are good for such as haue the Phthisike which is a dissease in the lunges with a consumption of all the body And against the Cough The Decoction of leaues of Plantayne dronken stoppeth the blouddy flixe and other fluxes of the belly also it stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluous flowing of womens termes and all other issue of bloud The iuyce of Plantayne dronken stoppeth and appeaseth the great desire to vomitte and stancheth all fluxe of bloud aswell as the leaues and seede The roote of Plantayne by himself or with his seede boyled in sweete wine and dronken openeth the Conduytes or passages of the Lyuer and Kidneys being stopped and is good against the Iaunders and the vlceration of the kidneys and bladder Some haue writen that three rootes of Plantayne taken with wine and water doth cure the Feuer tertian and foure rootes so taken do cure the Feuer quartayne The vse of Plantayne is good against all euill corrupt and running sores and vlcers and against woundes both old and new all hoate empostems and inflammations against Cankers Fistulas the foule euill or French Pockes and all scuruinesse It is good against the byting of Madde Dogs to bruse the leaues of Plantayne and lay therevpon or to poure of the iuyce of Plantayne into the woundes or if it be mixed with emplaysters and oyntments that be made for such purpose The leaues of Plantayne do asswage and mitigate the paine of the Goute and are excellent to be layde vpon swollen members that are full of heate and payne or anguish The iuyce of Plantayne dropped or stilled into the eares is very good against the payne in the same And to be dropped into the eyes against the inflammation and payne of the eyes The same iuyce or the Decoction of the leaues or rootes of Plantayne do cure and heale the naughtie Vlcers of the mouth the tooth ache and the bleeding of the gummes or Iawes whan the mouth is oftentimes wasshed with the same The leaues of Plantayne pounde or stamped with salte and layde to the empostems wennes or harde swellings about the eares and throte cureth the same The roote also is good to be carried or hanged about the necke for the same purpose as some men wryte Of Buckhorne Plantayne / or Coronop Plantayne Chap. lxiiij †The Kyndes THere is founde in this countrey at this present two kindes of herbes both comprehended vnder the name of Crowfoote †The Description THe first Crowfoote or Hartshorne hath long narrow and hearie leaues bringeth forth vpon each side of the leafe three or foure shore startes or branches almost like to the branches of a Hartes horne It lieth spread vpon the ground like a starre Frō the middle of those leaues groweth vp small round hearie stemmes bearing long spiked knappes or torches like the middle Plantayne The roote is long and threddy Pseudocoronopus Buckhorne Plantayne Coronopus Ruellij Coronopispecies peregrina The second crowfoote hath three or foure stemmes or branches creeping vpon the ground alwayes lying flat vpon the earth but neuer mounting or rising higher are set full of long narrow iagged leaues much like to the leaues of the other Crowfoote Plantayne but smaller and nothing hearie The floures be small white growing betwixt the leaues the stalke well fastened to the stēme whan they are decayed there cōmeth forth small flat purses broade rough in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is white of the length of ones fingar in tast lyke to garden Cressis One may also place amongst the kinds of Coronopus a certayne herbe whiche we shall now offer vnto you the which is a stranger but little knowen in this countrey seing that it is very well like to Harteshorne The leaues be long narrow branched with shorte startes altogither like to the leaues of Hartes horne sauing that sometimes they be bigger They lie also flat spread round vpon the ground and are somewhat rough hearie like the leaues of Hartes horne so that it is harde to know one from an other whan they are both without stalkes and floures But whan this herbe beginneth to haue stalkes and floures than the difference is easily marked for this herbe bringeth forth two or three rounde stalkes parted into sundry branches at the toppe whereof are placed knoppes and buttons like to Cyanus or Corne floure sauing that the scales of the knappes or heades be not so closely couched and layde one vpon an other the sayde scales seeme cleare and thorough shining especially whan the floure is fallen of and withered The floures come forth of the sayde knops or heads in colour and making like the floures of Cychorie but smaller The roote is long and slender †The Place The first kinde groweth in Brabant Flaunders in vntilled sandy places The second also groweth about wayes and dry sandy pathes and vpon bankes and rampiers especially in certayne places about Antwarpe where as it groweth so plentifully that almost one shall see none other herbe The third which is a strange herbe groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens It groweth plentifully in Languedock in stony and dry places ⧠The Tyme The two first kindes do floure in May and Iune The third floureth in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Latine Cornu ceruinum or Herba Stellae and Stellaria in English of Turner and Cooper Herbe Iue and Crowfoote Plantayne of Pena Buckhorne We may also call it Hartes horne Plantayne Buckehorne Plantayne or Coronop Plantayne it is called in French Corne de Cerf or Dent au chien it is vnknowen in Shoppes The Brabanders do call it Hertshoren and Crayenuoet cruyt Some late writers call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pes cornicis in high Douch Kraenfuz supposing it to be the same Coronopus whiche Dioscorides hath described in the. 123. Chap. of his second booke although in deede they be not like at all And therefore we haue called it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudocoronopus that is to say Bastard Crowfoote The second kinde draweth neare to the description of Coronopus made by Dioscorides albeit that notwithstanding
the learned Ruellius Doctor in his time at Paris could not be made beleeue that this was the right Coronopus Wherefore for the same Ruellius sake who made a liuely description of this herbe we do now call it Coronopus Ruellij in base Almaigne Crayenuoet or Rauenuoet They call it at Paris Verrucaria in some places of England they call it Swynescressis We may also call it Ruellius Coronopus This strange herbe hath no name as yet knowen vnto vs sauing that the Herboristes of Languedock take it to be a kind of Scabious or for the Cornefloure called Cyanus in English blew Bottell A man may doubt whether this be not Dioscorides Coronopus bycause that Hartes horne should seeme to be a kind of Plantayne But bycause the Description of Coronopus is very short we are not able to assure you This may also be a kinde of Condrilla †The Nature Hartes Horne is colde and dry in temperature much like Plantayne The Swines Cresses or Ruellius Coronopus as it is euident by the taste is hoate and dry like to garden or towne Cressis but not all thing so hoate †The Vertues Hartes horne is in vertue like to Plantayne whereof it is a kinde and may be vsed in all things whereto Plantayne serueth Also it hath bene proued singuler against the pissing of bloud the grauell the stone to be taken in meates or otherwise If Swines Cressis or Ruellius Coronop be the true Coronopus than the roote thereof rosted in the imbres or hoate Asshes and eaten in meates is very good against the laske proceeding from the coldnesse of the stomacke whiche is the cause of slimie humors in the Guttes for whiche purpose the very sent and taste of the roote here described declareth the same to be very good bycause it is hoate and somewhat astringent Of Bloud strange / or Mouse tayle Chap. lxv †The Description MOuse tayle is a smal low herbe with smal leaues and very narrow emongst whiche springeth vp from the roote small stemmes garnisshed with very small whitish floures and afterward with little lōg torches much like to a Mouse or Rattes tayle like the seede or torches of Plantayne before it blooweth in whiche is conteyned very small and browne seede †The Place Mouse tayle groweth in good pastures and certayne medowes and sometimes also by high way sides †The Tyme It floureth in Aprill and the torches and seede is ripe in May shortly after the whole herbe perissheth so that in Iune ye shall not finde the dry or withered plante Myosouron †The Names It is called in English Mouse tayle Bloud strange in French Queue de souris and accordingly in Grecke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cauda murina and Cauda muris in high Douch Tausent korn in base Almaigne Muyse steertkens This is not Holosteum neither Denticula Canis Ruellij as some do iudge †The Nature The leaues of this herbe do coole and differ not muche from the nature of Plantayne †The Vertues The operation and vertues of this herbe are not yet knowen howbeit as farreforth as men may iudge by the taste and sente thereof it is much like in facultie to Plantayne Of Water Plantayne Chap. lxvi †The Description WAter Plantayne is a fayre herbe with large greene leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Plantayne with a stalke full of branches small white floures diuided into three partes and after them it bringeth forth tryangled huskes or buttons the roote is of threddy strings †The Place This herbe groweth about the borders and brinkes of diches and pondes somtimes also in riuers and brookes †The Tyme It floureth from Iune till August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latin Plātago aquatica in English water Plātayne in French Plantain deau in high Douche wasser Wegrich and Frochloefelkraut in base Almaigne water Wechbree †The Nature Some men write of this herbe that it is of temperament colde and dry †The Vertues Some lay store of the leaues of water Plantayne vpon the shanks or shinnes of such as haue the Dropsie supposing that the water in the belly shall by that meanes be drawen downe to the shinnes or shanks The learned men of our time do write that it hath the same vertues faculties as the other Plantayne wherof we haue alreadie written in the lxij Chapter Of Knotgrasse Chap. lxvij Plantago Aquatica †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of this herbe as Dioscorides writeth the Male and the Female the Male is called in Englishe Swynes grasse and knot grasse but the Female is called small Shaue-grasse †The Description KNot grasse hath many round weake slender branches full of knots and ioyntes and creeping alongst the grounde it hath long narrow leaues not much vnlike the leaues of Rew sauing that they be lōger The floures be small growing alongst the branches betwixt the leaues and the ioyntes of colour sometimes white sometimes purple or incarnate after them commeth a triangled seede like to sorrell seede The roote is round and reddish with many strings The second kinde whiche they call female Knot grasse hath three or foure vpright round and euen stemmes without branches full of ioyntes and much like to the stalkes and ioyntes of Hippuris or Horse tayle but not so rough and about the ioyntes groweth many small and narrow little leaues like to a Starre and not much vnlike the leaues of Rosemary The roote is white and runneth alongst the grounde putting forth many new shutes or springs Polygonum mas The male Knot grasse or Swines grasse Polygonum foemina Female Knot grasse or small Shauegrasse Polygonum tertium The third Knot grasse †The Place The Male knot grasse groweth in fieldes about wayes and pathes and in streates The Female groweth in moyst places about the brinkes borders of rūning waters The third groweth about chāpion fields places not well husbanded especially in a moyst yeare †The Tyme The Male knot grasse the third kind do floure from after Iune vntill the end of Somer The female is found most commonly in Iuly August †The Names Knot grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sanguinaria Sanguinalis and Proserpinata The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seminalis in Shoppes Centumnodia Corrigiola of some Sanguinaria Sanguinalis Proserpinaca in Italian Corrigiola in Spanish Corriola y cien nudos yerua in English male Knot grasse in French Renouée Corrigiole in high Douch Weggrasz and Wegtritt in base Almaigne Wechgras Verkens gras and Duysent knoop manneken The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sanguinalis foemina in base Almaigne Duysentknoop wijfkē in English of Turner Medow shauegrasse and small Shauegrasse The thirde kinde is called in base Almaigne Knawel the whiche without doubte is a kinde of knot grasse albeit Dioscorides hath described but twoo kindes Neither do we take it to
dronken doth comfort reioyce the hart and are good against the trembling and shaking of the same Of Sanicle / or Sanikell Chap. xcvij. ⧠The Description SAnicle hath browne greene plaine shining and roundish leaues parted into fiue partes with deepe cuttes like vnto vine leaues or rather like Maple leaues amongst whiche there springe vp two stemmes of the heigth of a foote bearing many small round buttons at the toppe full of littell white floures whiche do turne into smal rough burres which is the seede The roote hath threedy strings and is blacke without white within †The Place Sanicle is founde in moyst woodes and stony bankes in hilly or mountayne countries Northerly †The Tyme Sanicle floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Sanicula of some Diapensia in English Sanicle in French Sanicle in high Douch Sanicle This is none of the kindes of Sinckfoyle or Pentaphillon as some would haue it †The Nature Sanicle is dry in the thirde degree astringent ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of Sanicle dronken doth make whole sound all inward and outwarde woundes and hurtes so that as Ruellius writeth it is a cōmon saying in Fraunce Celuy qui Sanicle à De Mire affaire il n'a That is to say who so hath Sanicle needeth no Surgean Sanicula Sanicle boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the spitting of bloud the bloudy flixe and cureth the vlceratiōs and hurtes of the kidneys The same taken in like manner or the iuyce thereof dronken cureth burstings especially whan the herbe is also layd vppon the greefe eyther brused or boyled The leaues thereof the roote boyled in water hony and dronken healeth the perished lunges and al malignant vlcers rotten sores of the mouth gummes and throote if the mouth be wasshed or gatgled therewithall Of Ladies mantell / or great Sanicle Chap. xcviij †The Description THis herb hath large roūd leaues with fiue or sixe corners finely dented round about the whiche at their first cōming vp out of the ground are folden togither or as it were playted Alchimilla Amongst them groweth small round stemmes halfe a foote long set here and there with little leaues and bringeth foorth at the top small floures clustering thicke togither of a yellowish greene colour with a smal yellow seede no greater then Purselane or Poppie seede inclosed in small greene huskes The roote is thicke as long as ones fingar browne without and hath threedy strings †The Place Great Sanicle or Ladies Mantell groweth in some places of this coūtrey as in certayne medowes in the hanging of Hilles whereas the soyle is of potters clay fat and redde ⧠The Tyme This herbe floureth in May and Iune †The Names The latter wryters do call this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Achimilla Alchimilla Stellaria Plāta leonis Pes leonis of some in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 howbeit this is not the right Leontopodium whereof Dioscorides writeth in English Ladies mantell great Sanicle and Padelion in French Pied de Lion in high Douch Synnan Lewentapen Lewenfusz Vnser frauwē Mantell grosz Sanickel in base Almaigne folowing the high Almaignes Synnaw Onser vrouwen mantel and groote Sanikel †The Nature It is dry like Sanicle but colder †The Vertues Ladies mantell is much like to Sanicle in facultie and serueth for all diseases wherevnto Sanicle is good Moreouer it taketh away the payne heate of all woundes inflamed vlcers and Phlegmons being applied thereto The same pound layde vpon the Pappes or Dugges of wiues or maydens maketh them harde and firme Of Sarrasins Consounde Chap. xcix †The Description SArrasines Consounde hath a round browne redde holow stalke three or foure cubites high as Pena writeth all alongst the whiche from the lowest parte euen vp to the harde toppe there growe long narrow leaues like to Wythie or Peach leaues dented round aboute with small denticles At the toppe of the stalkes growe bleake or pale yellow floures the whiche being ripe are carried away with the winde The roote is very threedy †The Place Sarrasines Consounde groweth in shadowy woodes and especially there whereas it is somewhat moyst †The Tyme This herbe is found with his floures most commonly in August Solidago Sarracenica †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Solidago Sarracenica Consolida Sarracenica of some Herba fortis in English Sarrasines Consounde or Sarrasines Comfery in French Consoulde Sarrasine in high Douch Heidnisch wundkraut in base Almaigne Heydensch wondtcruyt †The Nature Sarrasines Consounde is almost dry in the third degree and not without heate in taste bitter and astringent †The Vertues Sarrasines Consounde healeth all sortes of woundes and vlcers both inwarde and outward to be ministred in the same manner as the other Consolidatiue or healing herbes are whether it be giuē in drinke or applied outwardly with oyntments oyles or emplaisters The same boyled in water and dronken doth restraine and stay the wasting lyuer and taketh away the oppillation and stopping of the same of the bladder and gaule and is good agaynst the iaundise feuers of long continuance and for such as are falling into a dropsie The decoction of the same is good to be gargled against the vlcers and stinking of the mouth and against the vlceration of the gummes and throte Of Golden rodde Chap. c. ⧠The Description GOlden rodde at the firste hath long broade leaues spredde abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp a reddish or browne stalke of the length of a foote and half with leaues like to the first but smaller it spreadeth it selfe at the toppe into diuers small branches charged or loden with small yellow floures the whiche also whan they are ripe are carried away with the winde like to the floures of Sarrasines Consounde The roote is browne and hath threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth in wooddes vppon mountaynes and in frutefull soyle †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Virga aurea that is to say Golden rodde in French Verge d'or in base Almaigne Golden roede and we know not as yet whether it hath any other name †The Nature The taste of this herbe is very like to Sarrasines Consounde and therefore it is of like nature Virga aurea †The Vertue and Operation Golden rod is also an herbe apt to heale woundes and hath the same vertues whiche Sarrasines Consounde hath and may be vsed in all disseases for the whiche the sayde Consounde is good The same boyled in wine and dronken is very good agaynst the stone namely in the reynes For it breaketh the same and maketh it to descend with the water or vrine and so doth also the water of this herbe distilled with wine and dronken by some space of time as wryteth Arnoldus de Villa Noua Of water
pastures of Zealand And it is also planted in gardens where as it prospereth ouermuch for it doth so spread abroade and multiplie that it hurteth other herbes and cannot easily be weeded or ouercome Auicularia groweth in good ground in fields amongst wheate or where as wheate hath growen †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The Belflower is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Trachelium Ceruicaria and Vuularia according to the Douch name in English they be called Belfloures and of some Canterbury Belles The Plante may be very wel called Haskewurte or Throtewurte in French Gantel'ee in high Douch Halszkraut in base Almaigne Halscruyt And they are like the kindes of Rampions as the Couentrie Marians violet or wilde Rape is whereof shall be written here vnder The thirde kinde is vnknowen in the Shoppes of this countrie The Herboristes of Fraunce do call it Auicularia the Brabanders call it Urouwen spiegel And I know none other name except it be the herbe that is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Onobrichis that is to say the braying or sounding againe of the Asse wherevnto it hath some small proportion or similitude †The Nature Belfloure is of a complexion colde and dry like to Rampion wherfore it may be vsed in meate as the Rampions †The Vertues The Belfloure boyled in water is soueraigne to cure the payne and inflammation of the necke and inside of the throte and it is good against all vlcerations of the mouth if one do gargle or wash his mouth therewithall Of Autumne Belfloures / or Calathian Violets Chap. xxj ⧠The Description AMongst all the kindes of Belfloures there is none more beutiful in colour then this it hath small straight knottie stemmes at euery knot or ioint it hath two leaues set directly one against an other whiche be long narrow by each side whereof as also at the top of the stalke groweth forth pleasant floures whiche be long hollow alwayes bending outwardes like to a small long bell with two or three small white threedes in the middle They are of a blew colour so cleare and excellent that they seeme to passe the azured skies Whan they are paste there cōmeth vp in the middle of the floure a round long huske full of long small seede Calathiana viola †The Place These pleasant floures grow in moyst medowes low vntilled groundes standing in frutefull soyles ⧠The Tyme They are in floure about the end of August and September †The Names Plinie calleth these floures in Latine Campanulae Autumnales Viola Autumnalis we may also cal them in English Autumne Belfloures Calathian violets or Autumne violets in high Douch they are called Lungen blume for the which cause Cordus calleth them Pneumonanthe and truly it seemeth to be a certayne kinde of Gentian in base Almaigne it is called blauw Leliekens and Duysent schoon †The Temperament and Vertues The temperament nature and propertie of these pleasant little floures are very like vnto Gentian as the bitter taste declareth Of Marians violet / or Couentrie Belles Chap. xxij †The Description THis braue pleasant floure hath his first leaues whiche grow next the ground long broade and somwhat hearie not much vnlike the leaues of wild rose Campions from the middest whereof springeth vp the second yeare after the sowing or planting one stalke or moe full of branches set with suche like leaues but somwhat smaller there grow vpon the sayde branches many fayre and pleasant hollow floures most commonly of a cleare purple colour and sometimes white in proportion very well like to the common Belfloure but much larger and rounder and not so deepely cut about the brimmes or edges the whiche also before their opening are folden togither as it were with fiue crested playtes or edges Whan they are past there cōmeth vp smal roūd buttons or huskes with fiue rough endes or tayles whiche be hollow short plyed or turned backe in all things else like to the knops or huskes of Rampion or the common Belfloure The seede is in the middle of the sayde knoppie huskes it is small broune coloured like a Chestnutte The roote is white and thicke and putteth forth by the sides diuers other rootes Viola Mariana †The Place These pleasant floures grow about Couentrie in England and are founde sowen in the gardens of Herboristes and are not yet very common ⧠The Tyme They floure from Iuly vntill September and afterwarde and notwithstanding though they seeme alwayes to floure yet they do also beare seede so that oftentimes as soone as this herbe beginneth to floure one may alwayes finde vpon the same buddes floures and ripe seede †The Names Men do now call these pleasant floures in Latine Violae Marianae that is to say in English Marianes violets we may also cal them Couentrie Rapes in base Almaigne Marietes of the old writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Rapum syluestre Of this kind also are the Belfloures described afore in the xx Chapter of this Booke †The Nature These floures and their roote specially are colde and dry †The Vertues Their vertue is all one with the other Belfloures and may be vsed in like sorte They vse about Couētrie in England where as great store of these plantes do grow to eate their rootes in Salads as Pena writeth in his booke intituled Stirpium aduersaria noua Fol. 138. Of Blew belles Chap. xxiij †The Description THese floures whan their plant beginneth first to spring vp out of the ground haue small rounde leaues like to Marche violets amongst the whiche springeth vp a long high hollow stalke set with long narrow swartgreene leaues amongst the whiche also at the top of the stalke grow fayre Belles or hollow floures greater than the floures of Rampion of colour blew turning towardes purple most commonly but sometimes also they be white Whan they are fallen away the seede is founde in small bullets or huskes like Rampion seede The roote is small and threedie The whole plante is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth foorth whan the herbe is broken or brused and tasteth like Rampions There is also a wild kinde of these floures the which is like to the aforesaid in growing leaues stalkes floures and seede Neuerthelesse it is a great deale and in all respects smaller and it yeeldeth a white iuyce also like the first There is also a certayne thirde kinde of this Blew belfloure muche greater than the first his stalkes be long and high his leaues be somewhat large and it hath very many floures growing alongst the stalkes as it were littell small Belles of a fayre blew colour and after them certayne hollow little huskes or Celles his roote at the first is long and slender but whan the plante waxeth olde the roote is full of knots and knobbes and diuided into sundry branches and finally this herbe is
meates †The Tyme This herbe floureth in Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Cunila and Satureia in Shoppes Saturegia in Italian Coniella Sauoregia in Spanish Segurella in English somer Sauorie and common garden Sauorie in French Sarriette Sauorie in Douch garten Hyssop zwibel Hysop Kunel Saturey Sadaney in base Almaigne Cuele Satureye Lochtekol †The Nature Sommer or garden Sauorie is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues This Sauorie as Dioscorides saith is in operation like vnto Time and is very good and necessarie to be vsed in meates Of Tyme Chap. lxij †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Tyme the one called Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie the other is our common vsuall Tyme Thymum Creticum Tyme of Candie Thymum durius Our common Tyme ⧠The Description TYme of Candie hath many smal wooddy stalkes set round about with smal narrow leaues at the top of the stalkes groweth certayne knoppie tuftes like vnto small short eares thrust togither not much vnlike the flourie spike or knops of Staecados but much smaller and bringing forth purple floures The roote is brittle and of wooddie substance The common time also hath many small weake and wooddie brāches The leaues be small of sharpe and byting taste The floures growe at the top of the stalkes of incarnate colour The roote is small and wooddishe †The Place The first kinde of Tyme groweth in hoate countries in dry barren soyle and stony mountaynes and such like vntilled places And it is found very plentifull in the countrie of Greece but principally in Candie The second groweth also in hoate countries vpō the stonie mountaynes in leane barren ground and such like places as in many places of Spayne and Italie and throughout all Lanquedoc whereas it groweth very plentifully †The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names Tyme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Thymus in Italian Thymo in Spanish Tomillo The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymū capitatum of the later writers Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie The second is called also in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides Thymum durius the which is seldome foūd in season without his Epithymus it is called in English Tyme the common garden Tyme in French Thym in Douch Thymus †The Nature Tyme is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Tyme boyled in water hony and dronken is good against a hard painefull cough and shortnesse of breath it prouoketh vrine expulseth the Secondine and the dead fruite from the Matrix it bringeth to women their naturall termes and dissolueth clotted or congeled bloud in the bodie The same made into pouder and taken in waight of three drammes with honied Vineger whiche they call Oximel and a little Salte purgeth by stole tough and clammy flegme and sharpe and cholerique humors and all corruption of bloud The same taken in like sorte is good against the Sciatica the payne in the side the breast also it is good against blastings and windinesse of the side and bellie and of the stones or genitors and it is profitable for those that are fearefull melancholique and troubled in sprite or minde Tyme eaten in the morning fasting and in the euening before Supper is good for bleared and watering eyes the paine in the same And it is also good for the same purpose to be often vsed in meates It is also singuler against the Goute taken in wine out of the time of the greefe with a dramme of Oximel whan one is tormented with the same Tyme mingled with honie after the māner of a Lohoc to be often licked in clenseth the breast ripeth flegme causing it easily to be spet or cast out Tyme stamped with Vineger consumeth and wasteth colde swellings and taketh away Wartes being layde therevpon The same pound with Barlie meale wine appeaseth that payne of the hanch or hippe which some call the Sciatica Goute being applied therevnto Time is also good to be giuen to them that haue the falling sicknesse to smell vpon Of Thymbra / or winter Sauorie Chap. lxiij †The Description WInter Sauorie hath many slender wooddie stalkes set full of smal narrow leaues The floures be small incarnate or white growing in littell huskes alōgst the stalkes betwixte the leaues floureth by little littell from the lowest parte of the stalke euen vp to the toppe of the branches leauing after the floures be fallen away as it were a greene spikie eare or tufte cōteyning the seede whiche is very small The roote is of wooddy substance †The Place This herbe groweth in certaine places of Fraunce especially in Languedor other hoate countreys in vntilled places It is found in this countrey in the gardens of suche as haue pleasure in herbes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iuly August and somtimes later Thymbra †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymbra Cunila in English Tymbra Winter Sauorie also Pepper Hyssope in French Thymbre and Sarrietted Angliterre of some Douch Herborists Tenderick This is not Satureia for Satureia is an herbe differing from Thymbra as Columella and Plinie haue very well taught vs. †The Nature Tymbra is hoate and dry like Tyme †The Vertues Winter Sauorie is good and profitable to be vsed in meates like Tyme Sauorie and common Hyssope It hath power and vertue like Tyme being taken in the like sorte as Dioscorides sayth Of wilde Tyme Chap. lxiiij †The Description THe running Tyme hath diuers smal wooddie brāches somtimes trayling alongst the ground somtimes growing vpright of a foote half long set full of smal leaues much like to the leaues of common garden Time but much larger The floures grow about the toppe of the stalkes like to crownes or garlands after the maner of Horehound floures or knops most commonly of a purplered colour somtimes but very seldom as white as snow The roote is harde and of wooddie substance with many threeddie strings †The Place This herbe groweth plentifully in all this coūtrie in places that are rude rough dry vntilled and stonie by the high way sides and in the borders of fieldes †The Tyme Running Tyme floureth from after May vntill the end of Sommer †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes Serpillum and in some places Pulegium montanum in Italian Serpillo in Spanish Sepollo Serpam in English wilde Tyme Puliall mountayne Pellamountayne running Time in Frēch Serpolet in high douch Quendel and of some also Kumel Kieulin in base Almaigne Quendel in Brabant Onser vrouwen bedstroo in some places wilden Thymus Many iudge it to be that whiche the Greekes do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Serpyllum hortense howbeit it
Latine Clematis altera Ambuxum Epigetis and of some of our tyme Flammula The seconde is also accounted to be Clematis altera bycause of the lykenesse it hath with the other albeit his leaues do not muche bite vpon the tongue The thirde is nowe called Vitalba in Frenche Viorne in high Douch Lijnen or Lenen and of some Waldreben Some learned men take this herbe for a kinde of Clematis altera although his leaues lykewise haue no very great byting sharpnesse vpon the tongue Wherefore it shoulde be rather iudged of me to be more lyke the herbe whiche men call in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus altera of some Cissanthemon and Ciffophilon whereof we haue written before in the eleuenth Chapter of this thirde booke ⧠The Nature The leaues of Clematis altera are hoate in the beginning of the fourth degree †The Vertues The seede of Clematis altera taken with water or Mede made with water and honie purgeth downewarde cholerique humours with grosse and tough fleme as sayth Dioscorides The leaues being layde vppon doth take away and heale the scurffe and leprie The fruite of Cyclaminus altera dronken with white wine fourtie dayes togither doth heale the stoppinges and hardnesse of the Melte or Splene purging the same both by siege and vrine And is profitable for them that are short winded to be taken into the body Of Iuye Chap. xlix †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Iuye as Dioscorides writeth The first hath a white fruite and is vnknowen vnto vs. The seconde beareth a blacke or yellowish fruite and of this kinde there groweth great plentie in this Countrie The thirde kinde is small and creepeth along vpon the grounde and this kinde bringeth no fruite Hedera nigra Blacke Iuye Hedera Helix Smal Iuye Barren Iuye †The Description THE blacke Iuye hath harde wooddy branches couered with a graye thicke barke whereby it embraceth and taketh holde vpon walles old houses and buildinges also about trees and hedges and all thinges els that it meeteth withal The leaues be harde playne of a browne greene colour triangled at the beginning and after when they be more elder they waxe somthing rounder The flowers grow at the top or highest part of the branches vpō long straight stemmes many togither like a round nosegay of a pale color after they turne into round beries about the quantitie of a pease clustering togither greene at the beginning but afterwarde when they be ripe they waxe blacke The thirde kinde is not muche vnlyke the Iuie abouesayde but that his branches are both smaller and tenderer not lifting or bearing it selfe vpwarde as the other kinde but creeping alongst by the grounde The leaues are most commonly three square of a blackish greene and at the ende of sommer about Autumne they are betwixt browne and red vpon one side this Iuie hath neyther flowers nor fruite ¶ The Place The blacke Iuie groweth in all partes of this Countrie vppon olde buyldinges houses walles tyles or coueringes of houses and vppon trees and hedges about the which it embraceth and taketh holde fast The small Iuie groweth in woodes and creepeth alongst the grounde amongst the mosse †The Tyme The blacke Iuie flowreth in sommer and the fruite is rype in winter †The Names Iuie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hedera in high Douche Ephew or Eppich in base Almaigne Veyl The first kinde whiche is vnto vs vnknowen is called Hedera alba and of Plinie Hedera foemina The seconde kinde is called Hedera nigra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dionysia of Plinie Hedera mas and that kinde whiche embraceth trees is called of men in these dayes Hedera arborea and that which groweth vpon walles Hedera muralis in French Lyarre noir in high Douch Schwartzer Eppich and Maur Ephew or Baum Ephew in base Almaigne Veyl and Boom Veyl or Muer Veyl The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Clauicula and Hederula in French Petit Lyarre in high Douthe Klein Ephew in base Almaigne Cleyne Veyl †The cause of the Name Iuie is called in Greeke Cissos bycause of a certaine Mayden or Damsell whose name was Cissus the whiche at a feast or banquet wherevnto the Goddes were al bidden so daunced before Bacchus and kissed him often making suche mirth and ioy that being ouercome with the same fel to the ground and killed her selfe But as soone as the earth knew therof she brought foorth immediatly the Iuie bushe bearing still the name of the yong Damosel Cissus the which as soone as it groweth vp a litle commeth to embrace the Vine in remembrance that the Damosell Cissus was wonte so to loue and embrace Bacchus the God of wine †The Nature The Iuie is partly colde drie and astringent and partly hoate and sharpe Moreouer being greene it hath a certayne superfluous moystnesse and humiditie the which vanisheth when it is drie †The Vertues The leaues of Iuie boyled in wine do cure great woundes and vlcers and do stay corrupt vlcers and fretting sores The same ordered as is aforesaid wel stampt or pound layd to healeth burninges and scaldinges that chaunce eyther by hoate water or fier The same boyled in vineger health the hardnesse and stopping of the melt or splene if it be layde therevpon The iuyce of the leaues and fruite drawen or snift vp into the nose purgeth the brayne and causeth slymie or tough fleme and other cold humours wherewithall the brayne is charged to issue foorth The same put into the eares stayeth the running humours of the same and healeth vlcers and the corrupt sores happening in the same and it doth the lyke to the sores and vlcers in the nose The same layd to by it selfe or with oyle of roses is very profitable against the olde greeues of the head The flowers of Iuye layde to in manner of a playster with oyle and waxe healeth all burninges The decoction of the same flowers made in wine and dronke twise a day healeth the dangerous flixe called Dysenterie Fiue Iuie beries boyled with oyle of roses in the pille of a Pomgarnet This oyle doth cure and helpe the toothach being put into the eare on the contrarie syde where the payne of the teeth is The gumme of Iuy kylleth Lyce and Nittes And being layde to it taketh away heare from the place you lay it vpon ⧠The Danger The fruite of Iuye taken in to great a quantitie weakeneth the hart and troubleth the sense and vnderstanding The vse therof is also very dangerous for women especially for women with childe and such as are newly deliuered Of grounde Iuye Chap. l. †The Description GRounde Iuye hath many square tender stalkes growing foorth from a roote full of threddes or stringes vppon whiche growe leaues somewhat rounde vneuen and indented rounde about of a strong smell and bitter taste smaller rounder and tenderer
or Codded Poppie Chap. lxxxiij And Hypocoum forte Papauer Corniculatum Horned Poppie yellow Poppie Papaueris corniculati alia species Horned Poppie an other kind †The Description THE Horned Poppie his leaues be very muche cut and clouen not much vnlyke the leaues of the other Poppie but more rough and heary lyke the leaues of Cornerose The stalkes be round somwhat rough also wherevpon growe yellow flowers made of foure leaues the whiche falling away they bring foorth long narrow huskes or coddes something crooked wherein the seede is conteyned The roote is great and thicke and abideth winter bringing foorth euery yere newe leaues and stemmes There is yet two other sortes of this Poppie as some men of good knowledge do testifie the whiche are very common in Spayne The one hath his leaues stalkes coddes altogither like to the aforesayd sauing that his flowers be not yellowe but shining red but for the rest the flower is agreable with the proportion of the yellow The seconde is lyke to the others sauing that it is muche lesse in leaues stalkes flowers and coddes And the flowers be neyther yellow nor red but of a faire blewe violet colour parted lykewise into foure leaues There is founde in some places of Fraunce a kinde of herbe very fayre the whiche may be very wel brought vnder this Chapter bycause it is lyke to the herbes described in the same First it hath large leaues finely iagged white lyke the leaues of Rue the whiche do partly lye vpon the grounde and partly are lifted vp from the earth amongst the which cōmeth vp a stalke or twayne set by certayne spaces with the lyke leaues but smaller and diuided towardes the toppe into other smal branches whiche bring foorth a yellowe flower with two leaues onely in the midle whereof ye may see a thing like to a little clipper the which is nothing els but the huske or codde and afterwarde it waxeth long hath within a reddish sede The roote is white and tender hauing a number of threddes Corniculati Papaueris peregrina species A strange codded Poppie †The Place Horned Poppie groweth of his owne kinde by the sea side in rough places as Dioscorides sayth in this Countrie the Herboristes do set and sowe it in their gardens The other two kindes are founde in Spayne by the Sea coaste amongst Corne and by the high wayes The thirde groweth about Monpellier amongst the wheate and Otes The fourth is founde in some places of Languedoc as neare about Vouer where as there is great store in the feeldes that are by the high wayes †The Tyme Horned Poppie flowreth in Iuly and August Hypecoum flowreth in April and the seede is rype in Iune †The Names This kinde of Poppie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Papauer cornutum and of some Apothecaries that are ignorant Memitha wherevnto it is nothing lyke in Frenche Pauot cornu in high Douche Gehornter Magsamen and Geel Olmagen in base Almagne Geelen Huel in English Horned Poppie Some of the learned sort do thinke that this herbe is a kinde of Papauer Corniculatum that is to say Horned Poppie described by Dioscorides in his fourth booke Some woulde haue it Papauer spumeum described of the same Dioscorides in the same place But if it may be lawfull for me to giue a iudgement aswel as the rest it shal be neither of those herbes but rather that Hypecoum of Dioscorides named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for all the signes and tokens do agree very well with the same †The Nature Horned Poppie is hoate and drie in the thirde degree If the fourth kinde be Hypecoum it shoulde be colde and drie in the thirde degree not muche differing from Poppie as Galen sayth †The Vertues The roote of Horned Poppie boyled in water vntil halfe be consumed pronoketh vrine vnstoppeth the liuer and it is giuen to drinke with great profite to such as make grosse and thicke vrine and to such as are diseased in the liuer and that haue any greefe in their raynes their lining or hanche The seede of this Poppie taken in quantitie of a spooneful looseth the belly very gently and purgeth fleme The leaues and flowers brused or pound and afterward layd to old sores and rotten vlcers clenseth them wel Of Maudrake / or Mandrage Chap. lxxxiiij †The Kyndes MAndrake as Dioscorides writeth is of two sortes that is to say The white and the blacke The white is called the male Mandrake the whiche is very well knowen The blacke is called the female Mandrage the whiche is not yet muche knowen †The Description THe white Mandrake hath great large leaues of a whitish greene colour thicke and playne spread vpon the ground not much differing from the leaues of Beetes amongst the whiche there commeth vp vpon short small and smooth stemmes fayre yellowe round apples and of a strong sauour but yet not vnpleasant The roote is great and white not muche vnlyke a Radishe roote diuided into two or three partes and sometimes growing one vpon another almost lyke the thighes and legges of a man The blacke or female Mandrake hath likewise no vpright stemme his leaues be in lyke manner spread abroade vppon the grounde narrower and smaller then the leaues of lettise of an vnpleasant smel or sauour The apples be pale in figure lyke the Sorbappel or Corme by halfe lesse then the apples of the Malemandrage The roote is blacke without and white within clouen beneth into two or three diuisions or cliftes folding one vpon another It is smaller then the roote of the male Mandragora mas The male Mandrake Mandragora foemina The female Mandrake ¶ The Place Mandrage growth willingly in darke and shadowie places It groweth not of him selfe in this Countrie but ye shall finde it in the gardens of some Herboristes the whiche do set it in the soune †The Tyme The Apples of Mandrage in this Countrie be ripe in August †The Names Mandrage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mandragoras of some Circaea and Antimalum and of Pythagoras also Anthropomorphos bycause that the rootes of this herbe are lyke to the lower partes of man The first kinde is called Mandragoras mas of some as Dioscorides saith Morion in Frenche Mandragore masle in high Douch Alraun mennlin in Neather Douchlande Mandragora manneken or Alruyn manneken in Englishe White Mandrake and Male Mandrage The other is called Mandragoras foemina of some Thridacias in Frenche Mandragore femelle in Almaigne Alraun weibling and Mandragora wijfken in Englishe Blacke Mandrake and Female Mandrage †The Nature The roote of Mandrake and especially the barke is colde and drie euen harde to the fourth degree the fruite is not so colde and it hath some moysture adioyning †The Vertues The iuyce drawen foorth of the rootes of fresh Mandrake dried and taken in a very small quantitie purgeth the belly vehemently from
pounde with salt and wine and layde to doth consume and driue away the swelling in the necke called the Kinges euill It is also a speciall remedie against the bitinges of Serpentes if the partie that is so hurt doth drinke the seede of the same in wine and wash the wound with the decoction of the leaues of the same They that vse it much do take Auricula Leporis against the stone grauell Of Catanance Chap. xlix †The Description THis herbe is also like vnto grasse it hath narrow leaues smoth like to the blades of grasse but smaller the whiche afterward being dried do turne crooked or bend round towardes the ground The stalkes be tender smal and short vpon the which grow litle Crymsen flowers and afterwarde long smal rounde coddes in the whiche is conteyned a seede somewhat reddishe Of this sort there is yet another kinde the whiche hath no rounde coddes but large and somwhat broade in all thinges els lyke to the other ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in Copses that be seuerall and in pastures but that with the broade coddes is found most commonly by the sea coast †The Tyme Catanance bringeth forth his flowers and coddes in Iuly and August and sometimes sooner †The Names This grasse is muche lyke to that which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latinistes Catanance and it should seeme to be the first kind of Catanance described by Dioscorides †The Nature and Vertues Catanance was not vsed for medicine in times past neyther yet is vsed that I can tel of Of Moly Chap. l. †The Description Moly according as Dioscorides writeth hath leaues like grasse but broader and spreaden or laid vpon the ground The flowers be white in fashion like the stocke or wall Geleflowers but smaller The stalke is white of foure cubites long at the top wherof there groweth a certayne thing fashioned like Garlike The roote is small and rounde as an Onyon Catanance Plinie in the fourth Chapter of his xxv Booke writeth of another Moly whose roote is not bolefashion or like an Onyon but long and slender His leaues be also lyke vnto grasse and layd flat vpon the ground amongst which springeth vp a rounde small and playne stalke diuided aboue into many branches wherevpon grow white flowers not muche vnlyke the flowers of stocke Gelleflowers but muche smaller The rootes be long and small and very threddie You may also recken amongst the kindes of Moly a sort of grasse growing alongst the sea coast which is very tender and smal bearing smal short narrow leaues and most commonly lying flat and thicke vppon the grounde amongst whiche commeth vp small short and tender stalkes bearing flowers at the top tuft fashion of a white purple or skie colour The rootes of the same kinde be likewise long smal and tender †The Place The second Moly as Plinie writeth groweth in Italie in stonie places the Herboristes of this Countrie do plant it in their gardens The grasse that groweth by the sea coast is founde in some places of Zealande in lowe moyst places or groundes †The Tyme Plinies Moly flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly Liliago Phalangium Pseudo Moly Sea grasse The bastarde Moly flowreth most commonly all the sommer ¶ The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Moly The seconde is called Plinies Moly in Latine Moly Plinij and is taken to be the right Phalangium or Spiders worte of Dioscorides and that in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is of Valerius Cordus named Liliago That kinde of grasse whiche groweth by the sea syde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudomoly that is to say Bastarde Moly Neuerthelesse it is no kinde of Moly but rather a kinde of grasse the whiche you may well name Gramen marinum some call it in Englishe our Ladies quishion ¶ The Nature The true Moly which is the first kinde is hoate in the third degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of Moly eaten or dronken prouoketh vrine and applyed as a pessarie or mother suppositorie openeth the stoppings of the matrix or mother Moly is also excellent against enchauntementes as Plinie and Homer do testifie saying That Mercurie reuealed or shewed it to Vlysses whereby he escaped all the enchauntments of Circe the Magicien Of the grasse of Parnasus Chap. li. †The Description THis herbe hath litle rounde leaues in fashion much vnlike the leaues of Iuie or Asarabacca but farre smaller and not of so darke a colour amongst the which spring vp two or three small stalkes of a foote high and of a reddish colour belowe and bearing faire white flowers at the top the which being past there come vp round knops or heads wherin is conteyned a reddish seede The roote is somwhat thicke with many threddy stringes thervnto annexed †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst places and is founde in certayne places of Brabant †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iuly and soone after yeeldeth his seede †The Names Bycause of the lykenesse that this herbe hath with the grasse called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen Parnasium they call it in this Countrie The grasse of Parnasus in base Almaigne Gras van Parnasus Valerius Cordus nameth it Hepatica alba Hepatica alba Gramen Parnasi ⧠The Nature The seede of Parnasus grasse is drie and of subtill partes †The Description The decoction of Parnasus grasse dronken doth drie and strengthen the feeble and moyst stomacke and the moyst bowels stoppeth the belly and taketh away the besire to vomit The same boyled in wine or water prouoketh vrine especially the seede thereof the which doth not only prouoke vrine but also breaketh the stone and driueth it foorth if it be dronken The young leaues brused and layd to fresh woundes stoppeth the bleeding of the same and healeth the woundes Of the iuyce of this herbe is made a singuler Collyrium or medicine for the eyes the whiche comforteth the sight and cleareth the eyes if you put vnto it asmuch wine as you haue of the iuyce and halfe as much Myrrhe with a litle Pepper and Frankensence And for to keepe the sayd Collyrium a long time in his goodnesse it must be put into a copper Boxe Of Rushe Chap. lij †The Kindes THere are founde in this Countrie foure or fiue kindes of vsual or common rushes †The Description AL Rushes seeme nothing els but lgō twigs shutes or springs that are slender smooth rounde and without leaues the roote from whence they grow and spring vp is large and enterlaced The flowers seede grow vpon one side almost at the top of the shutes or rushes in tuftes or tassels The first kinde is full of white substance or pith the whiche being drawen out sheweth like long white softe or gentle threds and serueth for Matches to burne in lampes and of the same is made many plesant
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scandix herba scauaria Acus pastoris or Acula bycause his sede is like to a needel in Frenche Aguille de berger in Spanishe Quixones in base Almaigne Naeldenkeruel in Englishe Shepheardes Needel wilde Cheruel and Needel Cheruill Scandix ¶ The Nature Scandix is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Scandix eaten is good wholesome for the stomacke and belly in times past hath bene a common herbe amongst the Greekes but of smal estimation value taken but onely for a wilde wurt or herbe Aristophanes in times past by occasion of this herbe taunted Euripides saying that his mother was not a seller of wurtes or good potherbes but onely of Scandix as Plinie writeth The same boyled and dronken openeth the stoppings of the liuer kidneyes and the bladder and is good for all the inwarde partes and bowels of man Of Myrrhis Casshes or Caxes Chap. liij †The Description MYrrhis in leaues and stalkes is somwhat lyke Hemlocke it hath great large leaues very much cut and iagged diuided into many partes hauing sometime white speckles or spottes The stalkes be rounde somewhat crested and two or three foote long at the top of the stalkes growe rundels or spokie tuftes with white flowers and after them commeth a long seede The roote is long rounde not much differing in taste and sauour from Carrot The whole herbe but especially the first leaues are beset with a soft downe or fine heare and are in smell sauour much lyke to Cheruil and therfore it is called in base Almaigne wilde Keruel that is to say Wilde Cheruel †The Place This herbe groweth of his owne kind in some medowes of Douchlande in this Countrie the Herboristes doo sowe it in their gardens †The Tyme This herbe bloweth in May and his seede is rype in Iune Myrrhis †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Myrrhis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Myrrha and of the writers at these dayes Cicutaria bycause it doth somewhat resemble Hemlocke whiche is named in Latine Cicuta in Frenche Cicutaire or Persil d'asne in high Douche Wilder Korffel in base Almaigne Wilde Keruel in Englishe as Turner sayth Casshes or Caxes bycause Spinsters vse the stemmes both of this herbe and Hemlocke for quilles and Caxes to winde yarne vpon it may be called also wilde Cheruell or mocke Cheruill †The Nature Myrrhis especially the roote is hoate in the second degree of subtil partes †The Vertues The roote of Myrrhis dronken with wine prouoketh womēs flowers deliuereth the secondine dead child purgeth clenseth women after their deliuerance The same taken in lyke fort prouoketh vrine is good against the bitinges of feelde Spiders and suche lyke venemous beastes The same boyled in the broth of fleshe doth clense the breast from fleme and other coruption and is very good for suche as are leane and vnlustie or falling into consumption They say also that it is good to be drōken in wine in the time of Pestilence and that suche as haue dronken three or foure times of the same wine shall not be infected with the plague Of Asparagus Chap. liiij †The Kindes There be two sortes of Asparagus the garden and wilde Asparagus Asparagus Sperage Corruda Wilde Sperage †The Description THe Asparagus of the gardē at his first comming foorth of the ground putteth foorth long shutes or tender stalkes playne rounde without leaues as bigge as ones finger grosse and thicke hauing at the top a certayne bud or knop the whiche afterwarde spreadeth abrode into many branches hanging lyke heares The fruite groweth vpon the branches lyke round berries first greene and afterward of a yellowish red ▪ euen of the colour of Coral within that berrie is a blacke sede The rootes be long and slender and interlaced or wouen one in another The wilde Asparagus in his first springes and fruite is muche lyke to the garden Sparagus the rest is altogither rough and pricking for in steede of the long soft heares wherewithal the garden Asparagus is couered this hath nothing els but thornes very smal hard short prickley wherwithal the brāches are furnished †The Place The manured or tame Asparagus groweth in Burgundie and some other Countries as in Almaigne in stony places where as is good earth and fatte ground in this Countrie it is planted in the gardens of Herboristes The wilde kinde groweth in certayne places of Italy and throughout all Languedoc The bare stalkes or first tender springes of Asparagus shute vp in Aprill at what time they be boyled eaten in salade with oyle salt vineger The fruit is ripe in August ⧠The Names Garden Asparagus is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asparagus in shops Sparag in high douch Spargē in base Almain Coraelcruyt in english sperage The wild Asparagus is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asparagus syluestris and Curruda vnknowen in the shoppes of this Countrie ¶ The Nature Asparagus especially the rootes are temperate in heate and cold taking part of a certaine drynesse ⧠The Vertues The first tender springs of Asparagus parboyled eaten with oyle vineger prouoke vrine and are good agaynst the strangurie and they soften the belly The decoction or broth of Asparagus by it selfe or with Ciche Peason dronken openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and kidneyes and also it is good against the Iaundice stopping of the water strangury and the grauel stone Some say that if it be taken in the same maner it easeth and consumeth the Sciatica and payne of members out of ioynt The roote boyled in wine is good for thē that are bitten of any venemous beast Of Senuie or Mustarde Chap. lv †The Kyndes There be two sortes of Senuie the tame the wilde wherof also the tame or garden Senuie is of two sortes the one with a great white seede the other hauing a litle browne seede Sinapi hortense Mustarde seede Sinapi syluestre Wilde Mustarde seede †The Description THe tame white Mustarde hath great rough leaues at the first not much vnlike the leaues of Turnep but after the first leaues there folowe other that are smaller more iagged growing vpon the stalkes whiche hearie three or foure foote long diuideth it self into many brāches alongest that which grow yellowish flowers after them long hearie huskes or coddes wherin is the sede which is round pale greater then Rape sede in taste sharpe hoate The seconde kinde of tame Mustarde with the browne seede whiche is the blacke Mustarde common Senuy is like to the aforesayd in leaues sralkes and growing The flowers be yellow The sede is browne smaller then Rape seede and in taste also sharpe and hoate The wilde kind hath great large leaues very much iagged and rough with stalkes like the other but it groweth not so high The
beaten ¶ The Place The garden Rockat is planted in gardens and is also found in this Countrie in certayne rude vntoyled and stonie places and vpon olde broken walles The wild Rockat is found also in stony places about high wayes pathes †The Tyme Rockat flowreth cheefely in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Rockat is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruca in Frenche Roquette in Douche Roket in base Almaigne Rakette The first and also the third kind is called Eruca satiua hortensis in French Roquette domestique or cultiueé in base Almaigne Roomsche Rakette in English Garden or tame Rockat and Rockat gentil The wilde is called Eruca syluestris that is to say wilde Rockat in base Almaigne wilde Rakette †The Nature Rockat is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues Rockat is a good Salade herbe to be eaten with Letuce Purcelayne and other like colde herbes for being so eaten it is good and wholesome for the stomacke causeth that such colde herbes do not hurt the stomacke but if Rockat be eaten alone it causeth headache and heateth to much therfore it must neuer be eaten alone but alwayes with Letuce or Purcelayne The vse therof stirreth vp bodyly pleasure especially of the seede also it prouoketh vrine and helpeth the digestion of the meates The seede thereof is good against the poyson of the Scorpion Shrowe and suche like venemous beastes The seede layd to with hony taketh away freckles lentils other faultes of the face also it taketh away blacke and blewe spottes and scarres layde to with the gawle of an Oxe Men say that who so taketh the seede of Rockat before he be beaten or whipt shal be so hardened that he shall easily endure the payne according as Plinie writeth The roote boyled in water draweth foorth shardes and splinters of broken bones being layde therevpon Of Tarragon or biting Dragon Chap. lviij †The Description TArragon hath long narrow darke grene leaues in taste very sharpe and burning or biting the tongue almost like Rockat not muche vnlyke the leaues of common Hysope but muche longer and somewhat larger The stalkes be rounde of two foote hygh parted into many branches vpon whiche growe many small knoppes or litle buttons the which at their opening shewe many small flowers as yellowe as golde intermingled with blacke They being past commeth the seede The roote is long and small very threddy creeping alongst the grounde hither and thither putteth foorth yerely here and there newe stalkes and springes Ruellius in his second booke Chap. xcvj saith that this herbe cōmeth of Lineseede put into a Radish roote or within the scale of the sea Onyon called Scylla in Latine and so set into the grounde and planted and therefore he saith it hath part of both their natures for it draweth partly towardes vineger and partly towardes salt as may be iudged by the taste †The Place Tarragon is planted in gardens but yet it is not very common †The Tyme Tarragon abideth greene from the moneth of Marche almost to winter but it flowreth in Iuly †The Names This herbe hath not bene written of by any learned man before Ruellius tyme neyther is it yet wel knowen but in some places of Englande France and certayne Townes of this Countrie as Anwarpe Bruxelles Malines c. where as it was first brought out of France And therfore it hath none other name but that whiche was geuen first by the Frenchemen who called it Targon and Dragon and according to the same it is called in Latine Draco and of some Dracunculus hortensis that is the litle Dragon of the garden it is also called in Englishe Tarragon whiche shoulde seeme to be borowed from the Frenche neuerthelesse it was allowed a Denizon in England long before the time of Ruelius writing Draco †The Nature All this herbe is hoate and burning in the mouth and vpon the tongue whereby it is certayne that it is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and in temperature muche lyke to Rockat †The Vertues This herbe is also good to be eaten in Salade with Letuce as Rockat for it correcteth the coldenesse of Letuce and suche lyke colde herbes Moreouer where this herbe is put into the Salade there needeth not much vineger nor salt for as Ruelius writeth it is sharpe and salt ynough of it selfe Of Cresses Chap. lix †The Description GArden Cresses haue small narrowe iagged leaues of a sharpe burnyng taste the stalkes be rounde of a foote long and bring foorth many small white flowers and after them little rounde flat huskes within which the seede is contayned of abrowne reddish colour ¶ The Place Cresses are commonly sowen in all gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Cresses that are timely sowen bring foorth their seede bytime but that whiche is later sowen bringeth foorth flowers and seeede more lately †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nasturtium of some later writers Cressio in Frenche Cresson alnoys or Nasitort in high Douche Kresz and Garten Kresz in base Almaigne Kersse in English Cresses Towne Kars or Towne Cresses †The Nature Cresses are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree especially the seede and the herbe when it is drie for being but yet greene they do not heate nor dry so vehemently but that they may be eaten with bread as Galen saith ⧠The Vertues Cresses eaten in Salade with Letuce is of vertue like to Rockat good amōgst cold herbes for eaten alone it ouerturneth the stomacke and hurteth the same bycause of his great heate and sharpenesse The seede looseth the belly and killeth and driueth foorth wormes it diminisheth the melte prouoketh the flowers and putteth foorth the secondine and the dead childe It is good against Serpentes and venemous beastes and the parfume of the same causeth them them auoyde The same taken with the broth of a pullet or chicken or any other lyke moyst meates doth ripe and bring foorth tough fleme wherewithall the breast is combred or charged The same laide to with hony cureth the hardnesse of the melte scoureth away scuruinesse and fowle spreading scabbes dissolueth colde swellinges and keepeth the heare from falling of Nasturtium Being layd to with hony vineger it is good against the Sciatica payne in the hippes and the head ache that is olde and against all olde colde diseases To conclude the seede of Cresses is in vertue very lyke Senuie as Galen writeth Of water Cresses Chap. lx ¶ The Kindes Water Cresses are of two sortes great and small †The Description The great water Cresse hath rounde holowe stalkes of a foote and a halfe long with lōg leaues made of diuers other litle roundish leaues standing togither vpon one stemme The flowers be small and white growing at the toppe of the branches alongst the stemmes after whiche folow smal coddes or huskes within which is the seede which is small and
against the Suffocation of the Matrix that is the stopping and hardnesse of the Mother to be boyled in wine and applied to the nauell the harte or the side The broth also or decoction of Feuerfew is very good for wemen to bathe and sitte in against the hardnesse of the Mother and the Matrix that is ouercharged or swollen The greene leaues with the floures of Feuerfew stamped is good to be layde to the disscase called the wilde fyre or Saint Anthonies fyre and other cholerike inflammations Of Fole foote / or Horse houe Chap xij †The Description EOle foote hath greate broade leaues growing out into many corners or indēted angles with many vaynes like to a Horse foote fire or seuen leaues springing out of one roote of a white hoare or grayish colour next to the ground and greene aboue The stem or stalke is white and as it were cottoned with fine heare of a span long at the end wherof are fayre yellow floures and full which do suddenly fade and chaūge into downe or cotton which is carried away with the winde like to the head of Dandelion The roote is white and long creping here and there †The Place Fole foote groweth well in watery places and moyst fieldes †The Tyme It putteth forth his wolly stalke without leaues at the beginning of March April At the toppe of the stalke is the yellow floure After the floures the leaues spring out from the roote then vanisheth away the stalke and the floures so that one shall seldome finde the leaues and floures altogether at one time Bechion Tussilago †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tussilago in shoppes Tarfara and Vngula Caballina in Italian Vnghia di cauallo in Spanishe Vn̄a de asno in English Fole foote Horse houe Coltes foote and Bull foote in French Pas de Cheual of some Pas d'asne in high Douch Roszhub or Brandtlattich in base Almaine Hoefbladeren Peerdts clauw Brant lattowe and Saint Carijus cruyt †The Nature The greene and fresh leaues are moyst but whan they are dry they become sharpe or sower and therefore are of a drying nature †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fole foote pounde with Hony do cure and heale the hoate inflammation called Saint Anthonies fyre and all other kindes of inflammation The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell or tunnell helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde and fetche their breath thicke or often do breake without daunger the impostems of the breast The roote is of the same vertue if it be layde vpon the coles and the fume thereof receiued into the mouth Of Butter Burre Chap. xiij †The Description BVtter Burre hath great round leaues at the firste lyke the leaues of Folefoote the which do afterwardes waxe so great that with one leafe one may couer a smal rounde table as with a carpet Of a greene colour vpon the outside and of a gray whitishe colour nexte the grounde It putteth forth a hollow stalke of a span long set full of small incarnate floures at the toppe as it were clustering thicke togither the which togither with the stalke do perish and vanish away The roote is thicke white within hollow of a strong smell and bitter taste †The Place It groweth well in freshe and moyste places bysides small riuers and brookes †The Tyme The floures do appeare at the beginning of Marche and do vanish away in Aprill then the leaues come forth and remayne all the Somer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Petasites vnknowen in shoppes yet some call it Bardana maior in Englishe Butter Burre in French Herbe aux tigneux in high Douch Pestilentz wurtz in base Almaigne Dockebladeren and Pestilentie wortel Petasites †The Nature Butter Burre is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Butter Burre dried and made into powder and than dronken in wine is a soueraigne medicine against the Plague and Pestilent feuers bycause it prouoketh iweate and for that cause it driueth from the harte all venim and euill heate It killeth wormes and is of great force against the Suffocation and strangling of the Mother to be taken in the same sorte It cureth all naughty Ulcers or olde filthie fretting sores or consuming Pockes and inflammations if the pouder bestrewed thereon The same cureth the Farcyn in Horses howsoeuer it be ministred whether it be giuen inwardly to receyue or applied outwardly Of Britannica or Bistorte Chap. xiiij †The Kyndes THere is two sortes of Bistorte as Leonard Fuchs and Hierome Bock men of great knowledge and learning haue lately writen the one called the Great Bistorte the other the Small Bistorte Bistorta maior Great Bistorte Bistorta minor Small Bistorte †The Description THe great Bistorte hath long leaues like Patience but smaller and not so smothe or playne but wrinkled or drawen into rimples of a swart greene colour vpon one side and of a blewishe greene on the side next the ground The stalke is long smothe and tender hauing a spiked knap at the ende set full of small incarnate floures clustering togither The seede is angled and broune The roote is great and long wounden and turned backe or crokedly turning togither like a Snayle blacke and hearie without and somewhat redde within in taste like an Oke kernell The small Bistorte is like the other in leaues knap floures seede stalke but smaller his leaues also are smother and playner The roote is shorter and more roundly turned togither without any small threeds or hearines browne without and of a darke redde colour within in taste like the first †The Place They grow well in moyst watery places as in medowes and darke shadowy wooddes †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The learned do call the herbes Bistortae and Serpentariae in French Bistorte◠in high Douch Naterwurtz in Brabant Hertstonghen This should seeme to be Dracunculus Latinorū wherof Plinie wrote in the. 6. chap. of the. 24. Booke The first is called of some in Latine Colubrina of Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz weiblin that is to say Female Adderwurte or Snakeweede in French Grande Bistorte and Serpentair femelle in base Almaigne Hertstonghe The second is the small Bistorte is called in some places of England Dysterloyte of the same Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz menlin that is to say male Adderwurte or Snakeweede †The Nature Bistorte doth coole and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Bistorte boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and is good against the bloudy flixe It stoppeth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes or floures and all other issue of bloud Also if it be taken as is aforesayd or if it be made into pouder and dronken with redde wine it taketh away the desire to vomite or parbrake The
the herbe is of a strong smell and the iuyce whereof the floures the leaues the stalke and the roote is full and commeth forth whan they be either brused or broken is yellow as Saffron sharpe and bitter but that of the roote specially the which is yellow as golde The roote hath many small strings or threddy laces hanging thereby The small Celandyne is a low herbe growing by the ground hauing a little small brownish stem the leaues be small and somewhat round like Iuie leaues but much smaller tenderer fofter and smother The flower is yellow like to a golde cup or Crowfoote floure The roote is full of small threddes or hearie laces with diuers knottes in them like to wheate or barley cornes THere is an other herbe muche like to small Celandyne in leaues floures the which we may call Marsh Marygolde or Braue Celandyne the leaues be of a swarte greene colour somwhat round and shining like to a Popler leafe but larger a little cut or purlde about the edges The stalke is round and diuided into many braunches vpon which are the pleasant yellow floures like to yellow Crowfoote or golde Cup but larger and fayrer to behold The floures being gone or fallen yee shal see three or foure small huskes or cods like to the huskes of Colombyne wherein is cōteyned smal yellow seedes The roote is great and thicke with many threddy strings †The Place The great Celandyne groweth in dry places about old rotten walles and by the way sides and vnder Hedges quicksets The small Celandyne and the Braue Bassinet or Marsh Marigold do grow in moyst medowes vpon the bankes and borders of ditches Caltha Palustris Marshe Marigolde Dotterbloemen Belgarum ⧠The Tyme The great Celandyne beginneth to floure in Aprill and lasteth flouring all the Sommer The small bringeth forth his floure bytimes about the returne of Swallowes in the ende of February It remayneth flouring all Marche euen vntill Aprill and after it doth so vanish away that a man shall seldome see it in May. The Braue Bassinet floureth in May and Aprill †The Names The great Celandyne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chelidonium maius and Hirundinaria maior in shoppes Chelidonia of some as Athenaeus writeth Anemone in Spanishe Chelidun̄ea yerua d'andurin̄a y yerua de las golundrin̄as in English Celandyne Swallowurte and of some Tetterwurte in French Cheledoine or Esclaire in high Douch Grosz Schelwurtz grosz Schwalbenkraut and Schelkraut in base Almaigne Gouwortel Groote Gouwe The lesser is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chelidoniū minus and Hirundinaria minor in shoppes Scrofularia minor and Ficaria in Italian Fauoscello in Spanish Scrofularia menor in English Pyle worte or Figworte in Frenche Scrofulaire or Petite Esclaire in high Douch Klein Schelwurtz klein Schwalbenwurtz Feigwartzen or Blaternkraut Pfaffenhodlin Meyenkraut in base Almaigne Cleyn Gouwe and cleyn Speen cruyt Caltha Palustris so named of certaine late writers of some Tussilago altera and Farfugium wherevnto notwithstanding it is but a littell like may well be Englished Marshe Marigolde in French Bassinet de prez or Bassinet de marés in high Douch Moszblumen Dotterblumen Geelweiszblumen and Martenblumen in base Almaigne groote Booterbloemen and Dotterbloemen †The occasion of the Names The great Celandyne is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chelidonium that is to say Swallow-herbe bycause as Plinie writeth it was first found out by Swallowes and hath healed the eyes and restored sight to their yong ones that haue had harme in their eyes or haue bene blinde The small Celandyne was so called bycause that it beginneth to spring to floure at the comming of the Swallowes and withereth at their returne †The Nature The two Celandynes are hoate and dry in the thirde degree and the small Celandyne is the hoatest The Braue Bassinet or Marshe Marigolde is also of a hoate nature but not exceeding †The Vertues The iuyce of Celandyne mingled with Hony boyled in a vessell of copper or brasse cleareth the sight and dropped into the eyes taketh away the spots scarres or blemisshes bloudshotten and webbe of the eye If with the same iuyce and wine one washe fretting and consuming sores it will consolidate and heale them The roote boyled with Anise seede in white wine openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and healeth the Iaundice The same roote chewed in the mouth taketh away the tooth-ache The small Celandyne pound layde vnto rough corrupt nayles causeth the same to fall away fayrer or better to grow in their places And if it be pound in vryne or wine especially the roote and after applied and layde to the Hemorrhoides it doth dissolue and heale them so doth the iuyce if it be mingled with wine or vrine and the Hemorrhoides be wasshed therewithall The decoction of this herbe in wine gargarised doth purge the head from naughtie fleume euill humors and causeth the same to be easily spitte out The iuyce of the roote mingled with honie and snifte or drawen vp into the nose purgeth the brayne from superfluous moystures and openeth the stoppings of the nose The Marshe Marigolde is not vsed in Physicke Of Peruincle Chap. xxi †The Description PEruincle hath many small slender long branches with ioyntes wherby it spreadeth abroade vppon the ground creeping trayling hither and thither The leaues be greater thā the leaues of Boxe muche like to Bay leaues in colour fasshion sauing that they be far smaller The floure most cōmonly is blew sometimes white tawnie but very seldome it is parted into fiue leaues somewhat like the floure of great Buglosse but larger pleasanter to beholde yet without sauour The roote is hearie and yellow Clematis Daphnoides †The Place Peruincle groweth wel in shadowy moyst places as in the borders of wooddes and alongst by hedges †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Marche and Aprill but it remayneth greene all the yeare †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Clematis Daphnoides Plinie in a certaine place nameth it Clematis Aegyptia in an other place Chamaedaphne in shoppes Peruinca and Vinca peruinca in Italian Prouenqua in Spanish Peruinqua in English Peruincle in French Peruenche and du Lisseron in high Douch Ingruen Syngruen in base Almaigne Vincoorde Ingroen and Maechden palm †The Nature Peruincle is dry and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of this herbe sodde in wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and the bloudy flixe it stayeth the immoderate course of the floures spitting of bloud and all other fluxe of bloud The same mengled with milke and oyle of Roses put into the Matrix in a pessarie or Mother suppository taketh away the paynes of the same The same chewed healeth the tooth-ache al stinging of venemouse beasts if it be applied thereto The same brused and put into the nose stoppeth nose
of Woad but they are smaller narrower shorter from the middest whereof commeth vp the stalke to the length of three foote couered bylow with small narrow leaues and aboue with little pale yellow floures thicke set and clustering one aboue an other the whiche do turne into small buttons cut crosse wise wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long and single †The Place They sowe it in sundry places of Brabant as about Louayne and Brussels it groweth also of it selfe in places vntilled and by way sides †The Tyme It floureth in May and soone after the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Latine as Ruellius wryteth Herba lutea and of some Flos tinctorius in base Almaigne Wounwe of some Orant but not without error for Orant is an other herbe nothing like vnto this as shall be more playnely declared in the processe of this booke †The Nature It is hoate and dry Herba lutea †The Vertues Seing that Herba lutea is not receyued for any vse of Physicke and is vnknowen of the Auncients we be able to wryte nothing els of this herbe sauing that it is vsed of Dyers to colour and dye their clothes into greene and yellow Of S. Iames Worte Chap. xlviij †The Kindes Saynt Iames worte or as some call it Saynt Iames floure is of twoo sortes Iacobea S. Iames worte Iacobea marina S. Iames worte of the Sea †The Description THe first kinde of S. Iames worte hath long browne red crested or straked stalkes two or three foote long The leaues be great browne much clouen and cut not much vnlike the leaues of Wormewood but longer larger thicker and nothing white The floures be yellow growing at the top of the stalkes like to Cammomill in the middest wherof is the seede gray and woolly or downy and fleeth away with the winde The roote is white and ful of strings The second kinde called S. Iames worte of the Sea is much like to the first but the stalke is nothing redde The leaues be smaller whiter and more deeper and smaller iagged The floures be like to the first kinde but more pale or bleaker The roote is long threddy and creeping and bringeth forth round about him new springs †The Place S. Iames worte groweth almost euery where alongst by wayes and waterish places and sometimes also in the borders of fieldes Sea S. Iames worte groweth in trenches and diches and like places adioyning to the Sea †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is now called in Latine Iacobea Herba S. Iacobi and Sancti Iacobi flos in Englishe Saynt Iames worte in French Herbe ou sleur S. Iaques in high Douch S. Iacobs bluom in base Almaigne S. Iacobs cruyt and S. Iacobs bloemen The second without doubte is a kinde of S. Iames worte †The Nature They are both hoate and dry in the third degree †The Vertues S. Iames herbe hath a speciall vertue to heale woundes wherfore it is very good for all old woundes fistulas and naughtie vlcers Some affirme that the iuyce of this herbe gargeld or gargarised healeth all inflammations or swellings and empostems of the throote Of Flaxe / or Lyn. Chap. xlix †The Description FLax hath a tender stalke couered with sharpe narrow leaues parted at the toppe into small shorte branches the whiche bringeth foorth fayre blewe floures in steede wherof being now fallen there commeth vp round knappes or buttons in whiche is contayned a blackishe seede large fatte and shining †The Place Flaxe is sowen in this countrey in fatte and fine ground especially in lowe moyst fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names Flaxe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Linum and in Shoppes it is welknowen by the same name And here ye may perceyue the cause why the base Almaignes do vse the worde Lyn to all things made of Flaxe or Lyne as Linendoeck and Lijnen laken that is to say Lyneclothe or clothe made of Lyne in Englishe Flaxe or Lyne in Frenche Lin in highe Douche Flaschsz in base Almaigne Vlas Linum †The Nature The seede whiche is muche vsed in medicine is hoate in the firste degree and temperate of moysture and drynesse †The Vertues The seede of Lyn boyled in water and layde too in manner of a pultis or playster appeaseth all payne It softeneth all colde tumors or swellings the empostems of the eares and neck and of other partes of the body Lynseede pound with figges doth rypen and breake all Empostems layde there vpon and draweth forth Thornes and all other things that sticke fast in the body if it be mingled with the roote of the wilde Cocomber The same mingled with Cresses and Hony and layde vnto rough rugged and euill fauoured nayles aswell of the handes as of the feete causeth them that be corrupt to fall of and cureth the partie The same rawe pounde and layde to the face clenseth and taketh away all spottes of the face The wine wherein Lynseede hath bene boyled preserueth the vlcers old sores that shal be washed in the same frō corruption festering or inward rāckling The water wherein Lynsede hath bene boyled doth quicken and cleare the sight if it be often dropped or stilled into the eyes The same taken in glisters swageth the gryping paynes of the belly and of the Matrix or Mother and cureth the woundes of the bowelles and Matrix if there be any Lynseede mengled with Hony taken as an Electuary or Lochoch cleanfeth the breast and appeaseth the Cough and eaten with Raysons is good for such as are fallen into Consumtions and feuer Hetiques †The Daunger The seede of Lin taken into the body is very euill for the stomacke it hindereth the digestion of meates and engendreth much windinesse Of Hempe Chap. l. †The Kyndes THere are two kindes of Hempe the one is frutefull and beareth seede The other beareth but floures onely †The Description THe first kind of Hempe hath a rounde hollow stalk foure or fiue foote long full of branches like to a little tree at the top of the branches growēth little smal round bags or huskes wherin is cōteyned the seede which is round The leaues be great rough blackishe parted into seuen nine ten and sometymes into moe partes long narrow and snipt or dented round about with notches like the teeth of a Saw The whole leafe with all his partes is like to a hand spread abroade The secōd is also in leaues like to the first and it hath a thicke stalke out of whiche by the sides groweth foorth sundry branches but it beareth neither seede nor frute sauing small white floures the whiche like duste or pouder is caried away with the winde Cannabis semen faciens Seede Hempe Cānabis absque semine Barren Hempe †The Place These two sortes of Hempe are sowen in fieldes
the stem and snipt round about much like to the leaues of Agrimonie of a whitish shining colour next the ground of a faint greene aboue The floures be yellow much Argentina like the floures of Cinquefoyle The roote hath hearie strings †The Place Wilde Tansie groweth in moyst vntilled and grassie places about diches but especially in clay groundes that are left from tillage †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Potentilla and Argentina and of some Agrimonia syluestris or Tanacetum syluestre in English wilde Tansie Siluer weede and of some wilde Agrimonie in French Tanasie sauuagc or Bec d'oye and Argentine in high Douch Grensigh Grensing or Genserich and according to the same in Latine Anserina in base Almaigne Ganserick and Argentine †The Nature Wilde Tansie is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Wilde Tansie boyled in wine or water and dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe and all other fluxe of bloud and preuayleth muche against the superfluous course of womens floures but specially agaynst the white floud or issue of floures The same boyled in water and salte and dronken dissolueth all clotted and congeled bloud and is good for suche as are squatte and brused with falling from aboue The Decoction of wilde Tansie cureth the vlcers and sores of the mouth the hoate humors that are fallen downe into the eyes and the strypes that perishe the sight if they be wasshed therewithall Wilde Tansie hath many other good vertues as against the stone inward woundes and corrupt or fretting vlcers of the gummes and priuie or secrete partes it strengtheneth the bowelles and closeth vp greene woundes it fasteneth loose teeth and swageth tooth-ache The distilled water of this plante is good against the freckles spottes and punpels of the face and to take away Sunne burning Of common Mouse eare Chap. lx ⧠The Kindes OF the herbe called in Latine Pilosella there is found at this time two kindes The one called the great Pilosella the other small Pilosella the whiche some men do also call Mouse eare howbeit they are not the right Mouse eare †The Description THe leaues of great Pilosella are spreade vpon the grounde white hoare and hearie much lyke a great Mouse eare The stalke is also hearie aboute a spanne long and beareth double yellow floures the whiche do change into a certayne hearie downe or Cotton seede and is caried away with the winde The roote is of the length of a fingar and hath many hearie strings The small Pilosella is like to the other sauing that it is much lesse The leaues be small and little and white hoare nexte to the ground and hearie also The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes many togither and are of colour sometimes yellow sometimes redde and sometimes browne and sometimes speckled The roote is small and threddy Pilosella maior Great Pilosella Pilosella minor Small Pilosella †The Place The great Pilosella groweth vpō small grauely or dry sandy mountaynes and vpon dry bankes about the borders of fieldes The small Pilosella groweth in dry Heathes and Commons and such like waste and vntilled places †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The great is now called in Latine Pilosella maior in English also Great Pilosella of some Mouse eare in high Douch Nagelkraut and of some also Meuszor in base Almaigne groote Piloselle and Naghelcruyt The small is called Pilosella minor and of the high Almaignes Meuszorlin and Hasenpfatlin it may be called in English small Pilosella or Heath-mouse eare †The Nature The Pilosellas be hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The Decoction of the leaues and roote of this herbe dronken doth cure and heale all woundes both inward and outward and also Hernies Ruptures or burstings The leaues of Pilosella dryed and afterward made into pouder strowen or cast into woundes is able to cure and heale the same The iuyce of the great Pilosella dropped into the eares cureth the payne of the same and clenseth them from all filth and corruption The same Pilosella eaten or taken in meates doth clense clarifie the sight and cureth the rednesse of the eyes Of Golden floure Stechados / and Cotton weede Chap. lxj †The Kindes THere be two principall kindes of herbes whiche beare white softe and woolly or Cottony leaues whiche some men call Pilosellae or Filagines The one hauing fayre golde yellow and sweete smelling floures The other hath pale yellow floures without smell is of three sortes as it shall appeare hereafter †The Description THe first of these herbes which the Almaignes do call Rheinblumen hath slender stalkes round and cottonie harde whitish or of a hoare gray colour of a spanne long with small narrow very softe cottonie leaues in quantitie making like the leaues of Hyssop at the toppe of the stalkes groweth small tuftes or as it were nosegayes of ten or xij floures or more whiche are round in fasshion like to smal buttōs the which do not lightly perishe or vade but may be kept a long time in their estate colour neither are they of an vnpleasant sauour but are somewhat bitter The roote is small shorte and blacke The other kinde which is called Filago or Cotton weede is of three sorts as is before sayde Ageratum Aurelia Golden Staechas or Moth weede Filago Cotton weede The first of them is like to the aforesayde but it is greater and higher sometimes growing to the heigth of two foote long or more The stalkes be small rounde and grayishe couered with a certayne fine wooll or Cotton three or foure growyng vp from one roote straight and most commonly without any branches The leaues be long narrow whitish softe and woolly like the leaues of Golden or yellow Staechas sauing that they be longer and broader and somewhat of a greener colour The floures be rounde and after the fasshion of buttons growing at the toppe of the stalkes a great many togither but nothing so yellow as the floures of Golden Staechas neither so long lasting but are carried away with the winde whan they be ripe like diuers other floures The other kinde of Cotton weede in stalkes and leaues is much lyke to the aforesayde the floures also be like to the aforesayde howbeit they grow not in tuffetes at the toppe of the stalke but betwixt the leaues alongst by the stalke and this is the greatest difference betwixt this and the other The fourth kinde of these herbes is like to the two other last recited Cottonweedes in stalkes and whyte cottony leaues but it is altogither tenderer smaller and lower seldome growing to the length of ones hande The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes in small round buttons of colour and fasshion like to the other Cotton weedes †The Place The first kinde groweth in sandy playnes and dry Heathes and is plentifully founde in sundry places by the
a littell flat rounde Hatte The roote is white long and single Of this sorte there is found an other kinde in all poyntes like to the aforesayde sauing that at euery head or knap there groweth in the steede of floures many other small knoppes or littell tuffets of floures hanging downe by long stemmes after the same manner as one may also sometimes see in some kindes of Daysies and Marigolds The second kinde of Scabious is the smallest or least amongst the kindes of Scabious no higher than ones hande much like vnto the great Scabious both in his leaues and floures sauing that it is smaller and the leaues be more deeper cut and iagged The third kinde is as it were a meane betwixte the other twayne smaller than the greatest and bigger than the smallest in floures much like the other twayne The leaues be long hearie and grayish snipt and cut rounde aboute but nothing so much or so deepely gaysht as the two others The roote is long and slender like the roote of the first and greatest Scabious There is also an herbe like vnto Scabious growing to the heigth of a foote half or two foote long with long narrow leaues like to the leaues of the greater Scabious or Diuels bitte the which be somwhat snipt and bluntly cut about the edges The stalkes or stemmes be round vpon the toppes whereof groweth small round knappes or bollines couered with scales like to the knops of blew Bottell or Cornefloure but much greater out of the middest wherof groweth purple hearie floures like to the middell parte of Cyanus or Blew bottell The roote is thicke shorte croked with many threedy strings †The Place The great Scabiouse and Iacea nigra do grow in medowes and pastures The smaller Scabious groweth in medowes and watery groundes that stande lowe Sheepes Scabiouse groweth in the fieldes and by the way sides †The Tyme They do all floure in Iune and Iuly Iacea nigra Materfilon or Knapweede †The Names These herbes were not described of the Auncient writers as far as I can learne and therfore they haue no Greeke nor Latine name to vs knowen The first is now called in Shoppes Scabiosa and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Scabious in French Scabieuse in Douch Apostemkraut Pestemkraut and Grindtkraut in base Almaigne Scabiose The second is now called Scabiosa minor that is to say small Scabious The third is called in English Sheepes Scabious in French Scabieuse de brebis in base Almaigne Schaeps Scabiose The fourth is now called in Shoppes Iacea nigra and Materfilon and it hath none other name knowen vnto vs. †The Nature All the Scabiouses are hoate dry digesters diuiders of grosse humors †The Vertues Scabious boyled by it self or with his roote in wine or water and dronken doth clense the breast and the lunges and is good against an old Cough the impostems of the breast and all other inward partes as in the clensing ripping sodering healing of the same The same effect hath the Conserue made with the floures of Scabiouse and sugar to be vsed dayly Scabious is also good against all itch scuruinesse to be pound and layde to the same or to be mixte with oyles and oyntments fit for the same The lye wherin Scabious hath ben boyled or stiped doth clense the heare frō all bran or white scurffe whiche is small duste or scales which falleth from the head whan the head and heare is wasshed therewithall The Decoction of Iacea nigra gargeled or whan the mouth is often wasshed therewithall it doth waste consume the impostems of the mouth and throte that are yet fresh and new and doth ripe and breake them that be olde The small Scabious and the sheepes Scabious are not vsed in medicine Of Deuels bitte Chap. lxxiiij †The Description THe stalkes of Deuels bitte are round and of two or three foote lōg bearing broade leaues very little or nothing at al snipt about the edges The floures be of a darke purple colour sometimes white growing round thicke togither like the croppe or floure of Hoppes after the falling away whereof the seede is carried away with the winde The roote is blacke harde short thicke with many threddy strings by the sides the whiche in the middell or as it were about the hart of the same seemeth as it were bitten of †The Place Deuels bit groweth in dry medowes and woodes and about way sides †The Tyme This herbe floureth most cōmonly in August the which being in floure is easie to be knowen otherwise it is somewhat harde to be knowen bycause it doth resemble Scabious or Iacea nigra Morsus Diaboli †The Names It is called in Shops Morsus diaboli in English Deuels bit in French Mors de diable in high Douch Teuffels abbisz in base Almaigne Duyuels beet Of some late writers Succisa in Latine And it hath none other names whereby it is yet knowen †The Nature Deuels bitte is hoate and dry like vnto Scabious †The Vertues The decoctiō of Deuels bit with his roote boyled in wine drōken is good against al the diseases that Scabious serueth for also against the Pestilence The same decoction dissolueth clotted bloud in the body by meanes of any bruse or fall Diuels bitte fressh and greene gathered with his roote and floures pounde or stamped and layde to Carboncles Pestilential sores and Botches doth ripe and heale the same The decoction of the roote boyled in wine and dronken is good against the payne of the Matrix or Mother and against all poyson Of Scordium / or water Germander Chap. lxxv †The Description THis herbe hath square hearie or cottony stalkes creeping by the ground and set vpon euery side with softe crimpled and round whitish leaues nickt snipt roūd about the edges like a saw betwixt which and the stalke groweth littell purple floures like to the floures of dead Nettell but smaller The roote hath threedy strings creeping in the ground †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medowes neare about diches is found in some partes of the countrey of Brabant †The Tyme Scordion floureth most commonly in Iune Iuly thā is the best gathering of it †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scordiū Trixago palustris of some Mithridatium in high Douch wasser Batenig and of some Lachen Knoblauch in base Almaigne Water loock in English also Scordion water Germander †The Nature Scordion is hoate dry in the thirde degree Scordium †The Vertues Scordion drōken with wine openeth the stoppings of the Liuer the Milte the Kidneys the Bladder and the Matrix it prouoketh vrine and is good against the stoppings of vrine and strangury whan a man cannot pisse but drop after drop it moueth and prouoketh womens floures The same taken in manner aforesayde is good against the bitting of Serpents and
al other venemous beasts and for them that haue taken any poyson and for them also whiche are bursten or hurte inwardly Dry Scordion made into pouder taken in the quantitie of two drāmes with honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flixe and is good for the paynes of the stomacke The same made into pouder and mengled with Hony and eaten clenseth the breast from all fleume and is good against an old Cough Fresshe and greene Scordion pounde and layde vppon greate greene woundes cureth the same The same dryed and tempered or mixte with Hony or made into pouder and cast into olde woundes and corrupt and rotten vlcers cureth the same and doth eate and waste the prowde and superfluouse flesshe This herbe boyled in water or Vineger and layde vpon the payne of the ioyntes easeth the griefe causing it the sooner to departe Of Teucrion / or wilde Germander Chap. lxxvi †The Description TEucrion hath browne stemmes bringing forth rounde wrinkled leaues snipt and cut round about the edges much like to the leaues of Germander afore described in the xvj Chapter The little small floures are of a sadde purple or browne redde colour like to the floures of Germander The roote is whyte and of hearie of threddy strings †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides saith is found in Cilicia in this countrey it is not to be found but sowen or planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme That which groweth in this coūtrey is seene in floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Teucrium vnknowen in Shoppes in English wilde Germander in high Douch it is called of some Grosz batengel that is to say great Germander Teucrion †The Nature Teucrion as Paulus Aegineta saith is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Teucrion boyled in wyne and dronken openeth the stoppings of the Milte or Spleene and cureth the swelling and hardnes of the same for whiche purpose it is very good and hath a singuler propertie The herbe pounde with Figges and Vineger worketh the same effect being layde vpon the place of the Spleene in maner of a playster Teucrion onely mengled with vineger is good to be layde to the bytings and stingings of venemous beasts Of Houselyke and Sengreene Chap. lxxvij †The Kindes SEngreene as Dioscorides wryteth is of three sortes The one is great the other small and the thirde is that whiche is called Stone Croppe and Stone hore Semperuiuum maius Houselike or Sengreene Semperuiuum minus Prickmadam Crassula minor Wild Prickmadam Great Stone crop Illecebra Stone crop Stone Hore †The Description THe great Sengreene hath great fat and thicke leaues as large as a mans thombe and sharpe at the end fasshioned like a tounge emongst whiche leaues there groweth vp a stalke of the length of a foote or more beset and decked roūd about with leaues like to the first parting it self afterward about the toppe into diuers other branches alongst the which groweth a great many of browne or reddish floures Prickmadame hath small narrow thicke and sharpe poynted leaues The stalkes be great and tender of a spanne long beset round about with the round and sharpe poynted leaues aforesayde the whiche do bring forth at the top smal yellow and starre like-floures The roote is small and creepeth by the ground Amongst the kindes of Sengreene also at this time there is conteyned the herbe called Crassula minor whiche is great stone Crop called of some wilde Prickmadam or wormegrasse the which hath tender stalkes and leaues somwhat long all rounde and reddishe like vnto small wormes euery worme lyke to a wheate corne The floures be white and like the floures of Prickmadam but smaller Small Stone crop is somewhat like to wilde Prickmadam or Vermicularis the ignorant Apothecaries do gather it in steede of Vermicularis or Crassula minor not without great errour and to the perill and daunger of the sicke and diseased people in so vsing it in steede of Crassula minor It hath tender stalkes couered or set full of very small short and thicke leaues growing neare togither The floures at the toppe of the stemmes are yellow and like to the floures of Prickemadame but greater There may be also placed amōgst the kindes of Sengreene a certayne smal herbe very like to the aforesayd in making and growth sauing that his leaues are somewhat larger thicker the whole herbe is eger or sharpe with white floures †The Place The greater Sengreene or Houselike groweth in many places vpon olde walles and houses where as it hath bene planted The small Sengreene whiche we call Prickmadam groweth not in this countrey but onely in gardens where as it is planted The great and small Stone croppe groweth in stonie and sandy countries and vpon olde walles The fifth kinde also groweth vpō old walles but not here in this countrey ⧠The Tyme Houselike or great Sengreene floureth in Iuly and August The other kindes floure in May and Iune †The Names Sengreene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum and Semperuiuum of Apuleius Vitalis The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum Semperuiuum magnum of Apuleius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shops Barba Iouis in Italian Semper viua in Spanish Yerua pruntera in English Houselike and Sengreene in French Ioubarbe and grande Ioubarbe in high Douch Hauswurtz and grosz Donderbart in bas Almaigne Donderbaert The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Semperuiuum or Sedum minus of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Apuleius Erithales in English Prickmadam in French Triquemadame in high Douch klein Dōderbart in base Almaigne cleyn Donderbaert The third kinde is called in Shoppes Crassula minor and Vermicularis in Italian Herba grauelosa Vermicolare in Spanish Vuas de perro vermicular in English wilde Prickmadam great Stone Croppe or Worme grasse in base Almaigne Bladeloose and Papecullekens The fourth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Illecebra in English Stone Crop and Stone Hore of some it is called Wall Pepper in French Pain d'oyseau in high Douch Maurpfeffer Katzentreublin in base Almaigne Muerpeper The fifth is called of the later writers Capraria and we know none other name to call it by †The Nature The great and small Sengreene and the fifth kinde called Capraria are colde and dry in the third degree The great and small Stone Crop are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The Decoction of the great Sengreene or the iuyce thereof drōken is good against the bloudy flixe and all other flixes of the belly and against the byting of Phalanges whiche is a kinde of fielde Spyders The iuyce thereof mengled with parched Barlie meale and oyle of Roses is good to be layde to the paynes or aking of the head
Prunella Prunell †The Description BVgle spreadeth creepeth alongst the ground like to Monyworte or Herbe twopence it hath somewhat long leaues and broade afore or at the top softe wrinckled and blackish his stalkes be smal tender creeping alongst the ground taking holdfast in certaine places here and there and from them againe spring other square straight stemmes of a span long bringing forth bright floures amongst certayne littell leaues compassing the stemme about of colour moste commonly blew and in some plantes white as snow The rootes are threedy and tender Prunell hath square hearie stalkes of a spanne long or more The leaues be somewhat long hearie and sharpe poynted The floures grow at the top of the stalkes thicke set togither like to an eare or spikie knap of a browne colour and mixt with blewe and sometimes also very white The roote is small and very threedy †The Place They grow both in certayne Medowes pastures wooddes Also Bugle is much planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme Bugle floureth in Aprill And Prunell oftentimes all the somer vntill Iuly †The Names The first kinde of these herbes is now called Consolida Solidago for a difference from other herbes whiche be also called by the same name it is called Consolida media in English Middell Consounde or Middle Comfery and Bugle in French Consoulde moyenne and Bugle in high Douch Gunzel and gulde Gunzel in the Shoppes of this countrey they call it Bugula and in base Almaigne Senegroen The second kinde is also called Consolida media but most commonly Prunella or Brunella in English Prunell Carpenters herbe Selfe heale Hooke heale in French Prunelle and some do also call it Herbe au Charpentier some call it Oingtereule in high Douch Brunellen and Gottheyl in Brabant Bruynelle †The Nature These two herbes be dry moreouer Bugle is hoate and Prunell temperate betwixt heate and colde or very littell colde †The Vertues The decoction of Bugle dronken dissolueth clotted congeled bloud within the body it doth heale and make sounde all woundes of the body bothe inwarde and outwarde The same openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and Gaule and is good to be dronken against the Iaundise and Feuers that be of long continuance The same decoction of Bugle cureth the rotten vlcers sores of the mouth and gummes whan they be wasshed therewithall Bugle greene fresh gathered is good to be layde vpon woundes galles or scratches for it cureth them maketh them whole sounde And so doth the pouder of the same herbe dryed to be cast and strowen vpon the wounde The iuyce of Bugles cureth the sores vlcers of the secrete or priuie partes being often dropped in and so doth the herbe brused and layde vpon The decoction of Prunell made with wine or water doth ioyne together and make whole and sounde all woundes both inwarde and outward as Bugle doth It is good to wassh the mouth often with the decoction of Prunell against the vlcers of the mouth and it is also a soueraigne remedie against that disease whiche the Brabanders do name den Bruynen that is whan the tongue is inflamed and waxeth blacke and is much swollen so that the generall remedies haue gone before Prunell brused with oyle of Roses and vineger and layde to the foreparte of the head swageth and cureth the aking of the same Of Auens / or Sanamunda Chap. xci ⧠The Description THe leaues of Sanamunda Auens or Herbe Bennet are rough blackishe and much clouen or deepely cut somewhat like to the leaues of Agrimonie The stalke is round and hearie of the length of a foote and half diuiding it self at the top into other branches which bringeth forth yellow floures like to the floures of Crowfoote Goldcup or Goldknap afterward littell round rough heads or knoppes set full of seede the which being ripe will cleaue or hang fast vnto garments The roote is short and reddish within with yellow threedy strings and smelleth somewhat like Cloues especially if it be gathered in Marche †The Place This herbe groweth wilde in woods and by hedges and quicksettes it is also planted in gardēs but that which groweth wilde is the greater and his floures be yellower than the other ⧠The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Garyophyllata by cause his roote smelleth like Cloues and of some Sanamunda Benedicta and Nardus rustica in English Auens herbe Bennet and of some Sanamunda in French Benoitte in high Douch Benedictenwurtz in Brabant Gariophyllate †The Nature Herbe Bennet or Auens is hoate dry in the second degree †The Vertues The decoction of Auens made with water or with wine and water togither and dronken resolueth congeled and clotted bloud cureth all inwarde woundes and hurts And the same decoction cureth outwarde woundes if they be wasshed therewithall Garyophyllata The decoction made of the roote of herbe Bennet in wine dronken comforteth the stomacke causeth good digestion it openeth the stoppings of the lyuer and clenseth the breast and purgeth it from grosse and Phlegmatique humors The roote dryed and taken with wine is good against poyson against the payne of the guttes or bowelles whiche we call the Colique Of Pyrola Chap. xcij. †The Description PYrola hath nine or tenne greene tender leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Bete sauing they be a great deale smaller amongst the whiche commeth vp a stalke set with pleasant little white floures muche like to the sweete smelling floures of lillie Conuall or May lillies The roote is small tender creeping here and there †The Place Pyrola groweth in shadowy places and moyst wooddes †The Tyme Pyrola is to be found in winter and somer but it floureth in Iune and Iuly Pyrola †The Names Pyrola is called in Shops Pyrola in high Douch Wintergrun Holtzmangolt Waldmangoldt in base Almaigne Wintergruen in English also Pyrola and Wintergreene in French Bete de prez and Pyrole †The Nature Pyrola is dry in the third degree and colde in the second †The Vertues The leaues of Pyrola alone by themselues or with other healing herbes is good to heale woundes and boyled in wine and dronken they heale both inward and outward woundes fistulas and maliguant vlcers Greene Pyrole is also good to be layde vpon woundes vlcers burnings and so is the pouder thereof to be strowed vpon and it is good to be mixt with oyntments and playsters seruing for the purposes aforesayde Of Serpents tonge / or Adders tonge Chap. xciij †The Description ADders tonge is an herbe of a maruelous strāge nature it bringeth forth but one leaf of the lēgth of ones finger in which groweth a littell stemme bearing a littell long narrow tonge like to a Serpent or as my Author saith like to the tonge of a Serpent †The Place Adders tonge is founde in this countrey in certayne moyst and
that Monophillon were a kinde of Lylie Conuall it hath a leafe not much vnlike the greatest leaues of Iuie with many ribbes or sinewes alongst the same like to a Plantayne leafe the whiche one leafe or single leafe doth alwayes spring vp out of the grounde alone sauing whan the herbe is in floure and seede for than it bareth two leaues vpon a rounde tender stalke like to the other but smaller standing one aboue an other aboue the sayde leaues groweth the small white floures like to Lylie Conuall but not of so strong a sauour after whiche there riseth small bearies or rounde frute whiche is white at the firste and afterward redde The roote is very slender and creepeth in the grounde †The Place Lyllie Conuall and Monophillon growth in shadowie wooddes †The Tyme They do both floure in May. Lilium Conuallium Lillie Conuall Vnifolium Monophillon †The Names Lyllie Conuall is now called in Latine Lilium conuallium that is to say the Lyllie of the vallie in English Lyllie conuall May blossoms May lyllies Lyryconfancy in Frēch Grand Muguet in high Douch Meyenblumlin in base Almaigne Meybloemkens Monophillon is now called in Latine Vnifolium it may be also called in English one Leafe one Blade or Singleleafe in high Douch Einblat and in base Almaigne Eenbladt and it should seeme to be a kinde of Lillie conuall seing that it is so well like vnto it in floures and seede †The Nature They be in complexion hoate and dry like the Lillies †The Vertues They write that the water of the floures of Lyllie conuall distilled with good strong wine and dronken in the quantitie of a sponefull restoreth speach to them that are fallen into the Apoplexie that it is good for them that haue the Paulsie and the Goute and it comforteth the Harte The same water as they say doth strengthen the Memorie and restoreth it agayne to his naturall vigor whan thorough sicknesse it is diminished Besides this they say also that it is good to be dropped in against the inflāmation and watering of the eyes The roote of Monophillon is counted of some late writers for a soueraigne and speciall remedie against the Pestilence and alpoyson whan the weighte of halfe a Dragme of the pouder of the sayde roote is giuen in vineger or good wine or in both mixte togither according to the nature or complexion of the sicke so that vpon the receyte thereof they go to bedde and sweate well Monophillon is good to be layde with his roote vnto greene woundes to preserue them from inflammation and Apostumation Of Calfes snowte / or Snap Dragon Chap. xxvij †The Kindes THere are in this countrie two sortes of this herbe the one great and the other small The great hath brode leaues and it is the true Antirrhinum of Dioscorides The smaller kinde hath long narrow leaues Antirrhinon The great snap Dragon or Calues snowte Orontium Small Calues snowte ⧠The Description THe great Antirrhinon hath straight round stemmes full of branches the leaues be of a darke greene somewhat long and broade not muche vnlike the leaues of Anagallis or Punpernell alwayes two leaues growing one against an other like the leaues of Anagallis There groweth at the top of the stalke alongst the brāches certayne floures one aboue an other somwhat long and broade before after the fasshion of a frogs mouth not muche vnlike the floures of Tode flaxe but muche larger and without tayles of a faint yellowissh colour After them comme long round huskes the foremost part whereof are somwhat like to a Calfes snowte or Moosell wherin the seede is conteyned There is also an other kinde of great Antirrhinum whose leaues belong narrow almost like to the leaues of Tode flaxe whiche beareth sometimes a redde floure sometimes a faynt redde and sometimes a white floure else in all things like to the aboue saide The small Antirrhinum his stalkes be small and tender not very full of branches his leaues be long and narrow betwixte whiche and the stalkes growe the small red floures like to the aforesayde floures but a great deale smaller Whan they are past there riseth vp small rounde heades or knappes with little hooles in them like to a dead scull within whiche is conteyned smal seede †The Place The first and great Antirrhinum groweth not in this countrey but in the gardens of certayne Herboristes where as it is sowen The second groweth in some fieldes of this countrie by high wayes and vnder hedges †The Tyme The great Antirrhinum floureth in August and Iuly The small Antirrhinum beareth floures in Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Antirrhinum and Syluestris Anagallis in English Calfes snowte and Snapdragon in French Grand Antirrhinum and Moron violet in Douch Orant and of some Calfs nuese The second kinde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Orontium in English small Snapdragon or Calfs snowte in French Petit Antirrhinum in Douch cleyne Orant of this kinde Galen hath made mention in lib 9. de Medicamentis secundùm loca amongst the Medicines whiche Archigenes made for them that haue the Iaunders And it seemeth to be the Phyteuma of Dioscorides called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature The great Antirrhinum is hoate and of like nature and complexion vnto Aster Atticus called in English Sharewurte as Galen wryteth The small is hoate and dry and of suttell partes †The Vertues Some haue writen that who so carrieth about him the great Antirrhinum cannot take harme or be hurte with any venim or poyson whatsoeuer The small Antirrhinum doth scatter away and consume the yellow colour of the bodie whiche remayneth after one hath had the Iaundice if one be well wasshed with the decoction thereof Of water lyllie Chap. xxviij †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of water Lyllies that is to say the yellow the white not onely differing in floure but also in roote †The Description THe white water Lillie hath great broade roundishe leaues sometimes fleeting or swimming aboue the water and somtimes vnder the which all do spring vp from the roote vpon long rounde smooth stalkes The floures do also growe vpon suche like stemmes comming from the roote and they haue in the middle many yellow threedes or thrommes compassed round about with xxvj or xxviij white leaues set in very good order each leaf almost as large as ones finger or like in proportiō to the leaues of Houselike or Sengreene Whan the floures be past there cōme in their steede rounde knoppes or bolliens wherin the seede lieth which is large and swarte The roote is blacke and rough sometimes of the bignesse of ones arme with many threedy strings The yellow water Lyllie his leaues be very muche like to the white his floures be yellow and smaller then the floures of the white the whiche being fallen there
dry in the second degree ⧠The Vertues The auncient Phisitions are of contrary iudgements about the vertues of Basill Galen saith that for his superfluous moysture it is not good to be taken into the body Dioscorides saith that the same eaten is hurtfull to the sight and ingendreth windinesse and doth not lightly digest Plinie writeth that the same eaten is very good and conuenient for the stomacke that if it be dronken with Vineger it dryueth away ventosities or windinesse stayeth the appetite or desire to vomit prouoketh vrine besides this he saith it is good for the hydropsie and for them that haue the Iaunders The later writers say that it doth fortefie strengthen the harte the brayne and that it reioyceth and recreateth the spirites is good agaynst Melancholie and sadnesse that if it be taken in wine it cureth an olde cough The same after the minde of Galen is good to be layde too outwardly for it doth digest and ripe Wherefore as Dioscorides saith the same layde too with Barley meale oyle of Roses and Vineger is good for hoate swellings Basill pounde or stamped with wine appeaseth the payne of the eyes And the iuyce of the same doth clense mundifie the same and putteth away all obscuritie dimnesse drieth vp the Catarrhes or flowing humors that fall into the eyes being distilled or often dropped into the same Acinos The herbe brused with vineger holden to the nose of suche as are faynt fallē into a sound bringeth them againe to thēselues And the seede therof giuē to be smelled vpō causeth the sternutation or niesing The wilde Basil howsoeuer it be takē stoppeth the laske the inordinate course of the Moneths Of Vaccaria / or Cow Basill Chap. lxxij †The Description THat herbe which men do now cal Vaccaria hath roūd stalks full of ioyntes branches the branches haue vpon euery knot or ioynt two leaues somwhat broad not much vnlike to the leaues of Basill At the top of the brāches are smal red floures after the whiche there cōmeth round huskes almost like that huskes of Henebane in whiche is conteined the seede which is blacke like to the seede of Nigella Forte Ocimoides †The Place This herbe is found in certaine fruitefull fieldes or pastures alongst by the riuer of Mense In this countrey the Herboristes do plante it in their gardens †The Tyme It floureth from after Midsomer vntill September †The Names The Herboristes do call this herbe Vaccaria and it seemeth to be the herbe whiche is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ocimastrum and after the opinion of some as witnesseth Galen Philitaerium whiche is a kinde of Echium in Nicander it is called of Valerius Cordus Tamecnemum we may call it fielde Basill or Cowe Basill †The Nature The seede of Ocimastrum is hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede of Ocimastrum is good for such as are bitten of Serpentes Vipers and such other venemous beasts if it be dronken with wine Of Oke of Hierusalem Chap. lxxiij †The Description THis herbe at the first hath small leaues deepely cut in or iagged aboute and somewhat rough or hearie vnderneath the leafe is of a red purple colour afterward it putteth forth a straight or vpright stem of a foote long or more with diuers braunches on the sides so that it sheweth like a little tree The leaues that groweth thereon are long and deepely cut hearie and wrinckled fat or thicke in handling in proportion like to the first leaues sauing they be longer and nothing at all redde or purple vnderneath The seede groweth clustering about the branches like to the yong clusters or blowings of the grape or vine The roote is tender and hath hearie or threddie strings The whole herbe is of an amiable and pleasant smell and of a faynte yellow colour and whan the seede is ripe the plante dryeth and waxeth all yellow and of a more stronger sauour †The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Fraunce by the waters or ryuer sides but it groweth not of him selfe in this countrey but whereas it hath ben sowen once it springeth vp lightly euery yeare after Botrys †The Tyme It beareth his clustering seede in August but it is beste gathering of it in September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Botrys of some in Cappadocia as Dioscorides writeth Ambrosia vnknowen in Shoppes it is called in English Oke of Hierusalem and of some Oke of Paradise in French Pyment and Pyment Royall in high Douch Traubekraut and after the same in base Almaigne it is called Druyuencruyt that is to say Vine Blossom herbe †The Nature The Oke of Paradise is hoate and dry in the seconde degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues Oke of Paradise boyled in wine is good to be drōken of them whose breast is stopped and are troubled with the shortnesse of winde or breath and cannot fetche their breath easily for it cutteth and wasteth grosse humors and tough flegme that is gathered togither about the Lunges and in the breast It prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe the termes if it be taken as is aboue sayde The same dryed is also right good to be vsed in meates as Hysope Tyme and other like hearbes yeelding vnto meates a very good taste and sauour Oke of Hierusalem dryed and layde in presses and Warderobes giueth a pleasant smell vnto clothes and preserueth them from mothes and vermin Of the kyndes of Mynte Chap. lxxiiij †The Kindes THe Mynte is diuers aswell in proportion as in his manner of growing whereof some be garden Myntes and some be wilde Myntes The garden Myntes are of foure sortes that is to say Curlde Mynte Crispe Mynte Spere Mynte and Harte Mynte The wilde Mynte is of two sortes that is the Horse Mynte and the Water Mynte ⧠The Description THE firste kinde of garden Myntes hath fouresquare browne redde and hearie stemmes with leaues almost rounde snipte or dented rounde about of a darke greene colour and of fauour very good and pleasant The floures are Crymsin or reddishe and do grow in knops about the stalke lyke whorles or like the floures of Pennyroyall The roote hath threddie stringes and creepeth alongst the ground putteth foorth yong shootes or springs yearely The second kind is very like vnto the first in his round swarte and sweete sauouring leaues also in his square stemmes and the creeping rootes in the grounde but his floures growe not in knoppes or whorles rounde aboute the stemmes but at the toppe of the stalkes lyke to a small spike or busshie eare The thirde kinde hath long narrow leaues almost like wythie leaues but they be greater whiter softer and hearie The floures grow at the top of the stalkes like spikie eares as in the second kinde The roote is tender with threddishe strings and springeth foorth in diuers places like to the others The fourth kinde
is like to the abouesayde in his leaues stalkes and roote but that his floures are not fasshioned like spykie eares growing at the toppes of the stalkes but they compasse grow round about the stalkes like whorles or garlandes like to the Curled or Crispe Mynte Menta satiua prima Curlde Mynte Menta satiua secunda Crispe Mynte or Crispe Balme Menta satiua tertia Spere Mynte or right garden Mynte The second wilde kinde whiche is the sixth in number of the Myntes and called water Mynte is much like vnto the Curlde Mynte in his stalkes leaues and creeping rootes sauing that his leaues stalkes be greater of stronger sauour The floures be purple growing at the top of the stalkes in small tuftes or knoppes like round bullets †The Place The garden Myntes are founde in this countrie in gardens especially the Curlde Mynte the which is most common and best knowen The wilde kindes do growe in lowe moyst places as neare vnto springs and on the brinkes of ditches ⧠The Tyme All the sortes of Myntes do floure most commonly in August †The Names The garden Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Mentha in Spanish Yerua Ortelana yerua buena in English Myntes in French Mente in high Douch Munte The first kind is called in high Douch Deyment and Kraunszdyment that is to say Curlde Mynte in French Mente crespue in base Almaigne Bruyn heylighe The second is also called of the high Douchmen Krausmuntz and Krauszbalsam that is to say in French Baulme crespu in English Crispe Baulme or Crispe Mynte also Crosse Mynte in base Almaigne Cruysmunte and of some also Heylighe The third kinde is called at this time in the Shoppes of this countrey Menta Sarracenica Menta Romana in English Spere Mynte or the cōmon garden Mynte also of some Baulme Mynte in French du Baulme and Mente Romayne in high Douch Balsam Muntz vnser frauwen Muntz Spitz muntz Spitzbalsam in base Almaigne Roomsche munte and Balsem munte Menta satiua quarta Harte Mynte Mentastrum Horse Mynte Sisymbrium Water Mynte The fourth kinde is called in high Douch Hertzkraut that is to say Harte wurte or Harte Mynte in French Herbe de cueur of the later wryters in Latine Menta Romana angustifolia Flore coronata siue Cardiaca Mentha The fifth wilde kinde which is the fifth kinde of Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mentastrum and of the newe writers Menta aquatica in English Horse Mynte in French Mente Cheualine ou sauuage in high Douche Katzenbalsam Roszmuntz wilder Balsam wild Muntz in base Almaigne Witte water Munte The seconde wilde kynde whiche is the sixthe Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium and of Damegeron Scimbron as Constantine the Emperour witnesseth in English Fisshe Mynte Brooke Mynte Water Mynte and white water Mynte in French Mente Aquatique in high Douch Fischmuntz Wassermuntz in base Almaigne Roo munte and Roo water munte †The Nature All the kindes of Myntes whiles they are greene are hoate and dry in the second degree but dried they are hoate in the thirde degree especially the wild kindes whiche are hoater then the garden Myntes †The Vertues Garden Mynte taken in meate or drinke is very good and profitable for the stomacke for it warmeth and strengtheneth the same and drieth vp all superfluous humors gathered in the same it appeaseth and cureth all the paynes of the stomacke and causeth good digestion Two or three branches of Myntes dronken with the iuyce of soure Pomegranets do swage and appease the Hicquet or yeoxe and vomiting and it cureth the cholerique Passion otherwise called the felonie that is whan one doth vomit continually and hath a laske withall The iuyce of Myntes drōken with vineger stayeth the vomiting of bloud and killeth the rounde wormes The same boyled in water and drōken by the space of three dayes togither cureth the gryping payne and knawing in the belly with the colique and stoppeth the inordinate course of the menstruall issue Mynte boyled in wine and dronken easeth women which are tomuch grieued with harde and perillous trauell in childebaring Mynte mengled with parched Barley meale and layde vnto tumors and sweuings doth wast and consume them Also the same layde to the forehead cureth headache It is very good to be applied vnto the breastes that are stretched foorth and swollen and full of milke for it slaketh and softeneth the same and keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding in the brest The same being very well pounde with Salte is a speciall medicine to be applied vpon the biting of madde Dogges The iuyce of Mynte mengled with honied water cureth the payne of the eares being dropped therein and taketh away the asperitie and roughnesse of the tongue whan it is rubbed or wasshed therewith The sauour or sent of Mynte reioyceth man wherefore they sow strow the wilde Mynte in this countrie in places whereas feastes are kepte and in Churches The Horse Mynte called Mentastrum hath not bene vsed of the Auncients in medicine The water Mynte is diuers wayes of the lyke operation vnto the garden Mynte it cureth the trenches or gryping payne in the small of the bellie or bowels it stayeth the yeoxe or hicket and vomyting and appeaseth headache to be vsed for the same purpose as the garden Mynte It is also singuler against the grauell and stone of the kydneys and against the strangury whiche is whan one cannot pisse but droppe after droppe to be boyled in wine and dronke They lay is with good successe vnto the stingings of Bees and Waspes Of Calamynt Chap. Ixxv. †The Kyndes THere be three sortes of Calamynt described of the Auncient Gretians each of them hauing a seuerall name and difference Calaminthae alterum genus Corne Mynte or wilde Pennyryall Calaminthae tertium genus Catmynte †The Description THE first kinde whiche may be called Mountayne Calamynte hath harde square stalkes couered with a certayne hoare or fine Cotton The leaues be somwhat like the leaues of Basill but they are rougher The floures grow onely by one side of the stalke amongst the leaues somtimes three or foure vpon a stem of a blewishe colour the roote is threddy This herbe altogither is not much vnlike the secōd kinde of Calamynte sauing it is greater the stalkes be harder and the leaues be rougher and blacker and it creepeth not alongst the grounde but groweth vp from the yearth The second kinde which is called wild Pennyryall hath also square stalkes couered with softe Cotton almost creeping by the ground hauing euer two and two leaues standing one against an other small and softe not much vnlike the leaues of Penny royall sauing they are larger whiter The floures grow about the stalkes in knoppes like to whorles or garlandes of a blewishe purple colour The roote is small and threddie The thirde kinde whiche is called
The Place Harmala groweth as Dioscorides writeth in Cappadocia and Galatia in this countrie the Herborists do sowe it in their gardens †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta syluestris of some it is called Harmala of the Arabian Physitions and of the late wryters Harmel The people of Syria in times past called it Besasa and some Moly We may also call it Harmala or Harmel Harmala †The Nature Galen writeth that this herbe is hoate in the third degree of subtill partes †The Vertues Bycause Harmala is of subtil partes it cutteth asunder grosse and tough humors it prouoketh vrine and womens naturall fluxe The seede of Harmala stamped with Hony Wine Saffron the iuyce of Fenell and the gaule of a Henne doth quicken the sight and cleareth dimme eyes Of Rosemary Chap. lxxxv ⧠The Description ROsemary is as it were a little tree or wooddish shrubbe with many small branches and slender boughes of harde and wooddie substance couered and set full of little smal long and tender leaues white on the side next the ground and greene aboue The floures are whitishe and mixte with a little blewe the whiche past there commeth forth smal seede The roote and the stemme are likewise harde and wooddie The leaues and the floures are of a very strong and pleasant sauour and good smacke or taste †The Place Rosemary groweth naturally and plentifully in diuers places of Spayne and France as in Prouence and Languedoc They plante it in this countrie in gardens and mayntayne it with great diligence †The Tyme The Rosemary floureth twise a yeare once in the spring time of the yeare and secondarily in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosmarinū coronarium in Shoppes Rosmarinus in English Rosemary in Italian Rosmarino in Spanish Romero in French Rosmarin ▪ in Germany Rosmarein in base Almaigne Rosmarijn They call it in Latine Rosmarinum coronarium that is to say Rosemarie whereof they make Crownes Garlandes to put a difference from the other Libanotis which is of diuerse sorts wherof wee shall intreate in Chapters following The blossoms or floures of this Rosemarie is called in shoppes Anthos †The Nature This Rosemarie is hoate and dry in the second degree †The Vertues Dioscorides and Galen do write that this Rosemary boyled in water and giuē to drinke in the morning fasting before labor or exercice cureth the Iaunders The Arrabians and their successours Physitions do say that Rosemarie cōforteth the brayne the memory and the inwarde Sences that it restoreth speach especially the conserue made of the floures thereof with Sugar to be receyued dayly fasting Rosmarinum coronarium The ashes or axen of Rosemarie burnte doth fasten loose teeth and beautifieth the same if they be rubbed therewith Of Lauender and Spyke Chap. lxxxvi †The Kyndes LAuender is of two sortes male and female The male hath his leaues floures spikie eares and stemmes broader longer higher thicker and of a stronger sauour The female is smaller shorter lower and of a pleasanter sauour †The Description BOth kindes of Lauender haue square hollow stalkes with ioyntes knottes vpon whiche groweth grayishe leaues whiche be long narrow thicke Yet larger and longer than the leaues of Rosemarie The floures whiche are most commonly blew grow thicke set and couched togither in knoppes or spiked eares at the toppes of the stalkes The roote is of wooddie substance with many threddy strings †The Place Lauender groweth in certayne places of Italy Spayne and Fraunce on the Mountaynes rough stonie places that lie against the Sunne they plant it here in gardens especially the female Lauender whiche is very common in all gardens but the male kinde is not founde sauing amongst the Herboristes Lauandula mas English Spike Lauandula foemina Lauender ⧠The Tyme Lauender floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names It is called in Latine Lauandula in Shops Lauendula in English Spike and Lauender in Italian Spigo and Lauanda in Spanish Alhuzema Alfazema of some in Greeke Pseudonardus and of others Hirculus and of some also Rosmarinum coronarium It seemeth to be the herbe that Virgil calleth Casia and Theophrastus Cneorus albus The first kind is Lauandula mas in English Lauander or Spike in French Lauande masle ▪ in high Douch Spica and Spica nardi in base Almaigne Lauender and Lauender manneken The seconde kinde is called Lauendula and Lauendula foemina in English Spike and Female Lauender in French Lauande femelle in high Douch Lafendel in base Almaigne Lauender wijfken †The Nature Lauender is hoate and dry in the second degree ⧠The Vertues Lauender boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine bringeth downe the floures and driueth forth the Secondine and the dead Childe The floures of Lauender alone or with Cinnamome Nutmegs Cloues do cure the beating of the harte and the Iaunders and are singuler against the Apoplexie and giddinesse or turning of the head they comforte the brayne and members taken or subiect to the Palsie The conserue made of the floures with Sugar profiteth much against the sayde diseases to be taken in the morning fasting in quantitie of a Beane The distilled water of the floures of Spike or Lauender healeth mēbers of the Palsie if they be washed therewith Of Staechados / or French Lauender Chap. lxxxvij ⧠The Description THis is a beautiful herbe of a good very pleasant smell with diuers weake tender branches set full of long small whitish leaues but smaller narrower tenderer of a more amiable sauour than the leaues of Lauender At the toppe of the stalkes there growe fayre thicke knoppes or spikie eares with smal blew floures thicke set and thrust togither These knops or eares are solde euery where in Shops by the name of Staecados Arabicum There is yet an other herbe which the Apothecaries do call Stichas citrina the whiche we haue described in the lx Chapter of the first Booke †The Place This herbe groweth in the Iles called Staechades standing directly ouer agaynst Marsiles and in diuers places of Lāguedoc and Prouince in Arabia In this countrie some Herboristes do sowe it and mayntayne it with great diligence †The Tyme Staecados floureth in May and Iune somwhat before Lauender Staechas †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Stichas and Staechas in Shoppes Stichas Arabica Stęchados Arabicum in the Arabian tongue Astochodos in English Staechados French Lauender Cassidonie of some Lauender gētle in Italian Sticados in Spanish Cantuesso Rosmarinho in Frēch Staechados †The Nature The complexion of Staechados is hoate and dry †The Vertues The decoction of Staechados with his floures or else the floures alone drōken do opē the stoppings of the Liuer the lunges the Melte the Mother the bladder and of all other inward partes clensing and driuing forth all euill
the sight and taketh away all obscuritie and darkenesse if it be put into the same Of white Saxifrage or Stonebreake Chap. cij ⧠The Description THe white Saxifrage hath round leaues cōmonly spread abrode vpon the ground somwhat iagged about the borders not much vnlike the leaues of groūd Iuie but softer smaller of a more yellowish grene The stalke riseth amongst the leaues is round and hearie and of the length Saxifraga alba White Saxifrage Saxifraga aurea Golden Saxifrage of a foote and halfe it carieth at the toppe diuers white floures almost like to stocke Gillofers The roote is blackishe with many threddie strings by whiche hangeth diuerse little rounde graynes cornes or berries of a darke or reddish purple colour greater than Coriander seede sharpe and bitter the which little graynes or berries they vse in medicine and do cal it Semen Saxifragae albae that is to say the seede of white Saxifrage or Stone breake There is yet an other called golden Saxifrage which groweth to the lēgth of a spanne and halfe with compassed leaues and iagges like to the other at the toppe of the stalke growe two or three littel leaues togither and out of the middle of them springeth small floures of a golden colour and after them little rounde huskes full of small redde seede and they open and disclose themselues whan the seede is ripe The roote is tender creeping in the grounde with longer threades and heares and putteth foorth a great many stems or branches †The Place The white Saxifrage groweth in drye rough stony places as about the Colemynes bysides Bathe in England it groweth also in France and Almaigne Ye shall also finde it planted in the gardens of Herborists The golden Saxifrage groweth in certayne moyst and watery places in England Normandie and Flaunders †The Tyme The white Saxifrage floureth in Maye and in Iune the herbe with his floures perissheth and are no more to be seene vntill the next yeare The golden Saxifrage floureth in March and Aprill †The Names This herbe is called in Latine Saxifraga alba in English Stone breake white Saxifrage in French Rompierre Saxifrage blanche in high Douch weisz Steinbrech in base Almaigne Wit Steenbreeck The secōd is called Saxifraga aurea in English Goldē Saxifrage in French Rompierre or Saxifrage dorée in high Douch Goldē Steinbrech in base Almaigne Gulden Steenbreek and this name is giuen it because it is like to the white Saxifrage and beareth yellow or golden flowers †The Nature This herbe especially the roote with the seede is of a warme or hoate complexion But the golden Saxifrage is of a colde nature as the taste doth manifestly declare †The Vertues The roote of white Saxifrage with the graynes or berries of the same boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine mundifieth and clenseth the kidneyes and bladder breaketh the Stone and bringeth it foorth and is singuler against the Strangurie and all the imperfections and griefes of the reynes What vertue the seconde hath is to vs as yet vnknowen bycause there is none hath yet proued it Of Gromell Chap. ciij. †The Kyndes THe Gromell is of two sortes one of the garden the other wilde and the garden Gromell also is of two sortes great and small Lithospermum maius The great Gromell Lithospermum minus The small Gromell †The Description THE great Gromel hath long slender hearie stalkes the whiche do most commonly trayle alongest the grounde beset with long browne hearie leaues betwixt the whiche leaues and the stalkes groweth certayne bearded huskes bearing at the first a smal blewe floure and afterwarde a little harde rounde stonie seede of a reasonable quantitie The roote is harde of a wooddie substance The small garden Gromel hath straight rounde wooddie stalkes and full of branches his leaues be long smal sharpe and of a swart greene colour smaller than the leaues of the great Gromel Betwixt the leaues and the stalkes groweth smal white floures and they bring foorth faire rounde white harde and stonie seede lyke vnto Perles and smaller than the seede of the aforesayd kinde The wilde Gromel is like vnto the small in stalkes leaues and floures sauing that the seede is not so white neither so smooth playne but somwhat shriueled or wrinckled like to the seede of the common langue de beufe and the leaues be a little rougher Besides these two kindes there is yet founde a wilde kinde of Gromel which is very small of whiche kinde the learned Ierome Bocke hath treated in his herball it groweth a span long with his stalke set with small narrowe leaues like to the leaues of lyne or flaxe betwixt the which leaues the stalke it bringeth foorth a little smooth blacke harde seede very lyke the seede of the small garden Gromel †The Place The garden or tame Gromel groweth in some Countries in rough places here they sowe it in gardens The smaller garden Gromel groweth not often of him selfe sauing alongest the Riuers and water sides The wilde is founde in rough and stonie places †The Tyme Gromel floureth in Iune Iuly and August in whiche season it doth also deliuer his seede †The Names Gromel is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Lithospermum of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Arabians Milium Soler in Shoppes Milium solis in Englishe Gromel and Gremil some name it also Pearle plante in Frenche Gremil or Herbe aux perles in high Douch Meerhirsch or Meerhirsen and Steinsomen in base Almaigne Peerlencruyt and Steensaet in Italion Milium Solis †The Nature The seede of Gremil is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Gromel seede pounde and dronken in white wine breaketh the Stone driueth it foorth and prouoketh vrine but especially the Stone in the bladder as the Authors write Turner Of Betony Chap. ciiij. ⧠The Description BEtony hath leaues somwhat long and broade of a darke greene colour bluntly iagged rounde about the edges like a sawe and of a good sauour Amongst the sayd leaues groweth vp a rough square stalke of a foote and halfe long decked with suche like leaues but a great deale smaller and bearing at the top a short spykie eare full of flowers most commonly of a crymsin or redde purple colour and somtymes but very seldome as white as snowe after whiche flowers there commeth in the sayd spykie tuffets blacke seede long and cornered The roote hath threddie stringes Paulus Aegineta maketh mention of an other Betony called of the later writers Veronica the which we haue described in the 17. Chapter of the first booke †The Place Betony groweth in meddowes shadowy wooddes and mountaynes It is also commonly planted in gardens †The Tyme Betony flowreth commonly in Iuly and August †The Names Betony or Betayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine and in shoppes Betonica and Vetonica In Spanishe Bretonica In Frenche Betonie In high Douch Braun Betonick In
base Almaigne Betonie Betonica Betony †The Nature Betony is hoate and dry in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues The Decoction of Betonie dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the Stone of the kidneyes doth clense and scoure the breast and lunges from flegme and slyme and is very profitable for such as haue the Phthisik or consumptiō and are vexed with the Cough The leaues of Bettayne dried are good to be giuen the quantitie of a dram with Hydromel that is to say Honied water vnto such as are troubled with the Crampe and also agaynst the diseases of the Mother or matrix The same taken in like manner bringeth the fluxe menstruall The dreid leaues dronken in wine are profitable against the biting of Serpentes and so be they to be applyed or layde outwardly vpon the wounde and it is good also for them that haue taken any poyson And if it be taken before hande it preserueth the people from all poyson Betany openeth and cureth the oppillation or stopping of the liuer the melt and the kidneyes and is good agaynst the Dropsie The same dronken with wine and water is good for them that spet blood and it cureth al inwarde and outwarde woundes The same taken with Hydromel or Meade looseth the belly very gentilly and helpeth them that haue the falling sicknesse madnesse and head ache It comforteth the stomacke helpeth digestion swageth belching the desire to vomit if it be taken with clarifyed honie in the euening after supper The same vertue hath the Conserue therof made with sugar and taken in the quantitie of a beane The roote of Betony dried and taken with honied water causeth one to cast out and vomit tough clammie flegme and other superfluous humors Of Panax Chap. cv †The Kyndes DIoscorides that famous and auncient writer of Plantes hath described vnto vs three sortes of Panaces wherof the first is Panaces Heraclium The seconde is Panaces Asclepij The thirde is Panaces Chironium ⧠The Description THE first kinde of Panaces hath great greene and rough leaues layd spread abroade vpon the ground and parted into fine iagges and cuttes almost lyke the leaues of the figge tree Amongst them springeth vp a long thicke stalke with ioyntes white without and hearie set here and there with the lyke leaues but somwhat smaller and bearing at the top a bushe or spokie tuffete lyke vnto Dyll the floure or blossom of it yellowe and the seede is of a pleasant sauour sharpe hoate It hath diuers white rootes growing or comming foorth of one head of a strong sauour and couered with a thicke bitter barke Out of the sayde roote and the stem or stalke cut and scarrified floweth the gomme or liquor called Opopanax the whiche being fresh and newly drawen foorth of the plante is white but beyng drie it waxeth all yellowe without as though it were coloured with Saffron 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panaces Heracleum The seconde kinde of Panaces hath a slender stalke of a cubite long with knottes or ioyntes the leaues be greater more hearie and of a stronger sauour than the leaues of Fenell The floures growe also in tuffetes or rundels and they are yellowe of an odiferous sauour and sharpe taste The roote is small and tender The thirde kinde as Dioscorides and others do write hath leaues like vnto Marierom floures of a golden colour a small roote not goyng deepe in the grounde and of a sharpe taste But as Theophrastus and Plinic do describe it This thirde kinde of Panaces shoulde haue leaues lyke vnto Patience or Sorrel floures of a golden colour and a long roote so that amongst the olde writers is no perfit consent touching this thirde kinde of Panax †The Description VNto these three kindes of Panaces we may ioyne a certayne other strange plant whose seede is founde amongst Opopanax And this plante hath great large leaues somwhat rough hearie largely spread abroade and made of sundry leaues ioyned togither all in one wherof eache collaterall or by leafe is long and large almost like to the leaues of Patience The stalke or stem of this plante is full of ioyntes and of fiue or sixe foote long diuiding it selfe agayne into other stalkes and branches The floures be yellow growing in spokie tuffetes or rundels The seede is playne the roote is long and white †The Place The first kinde groweth about Cyren in Lybia and Macedonia also in Boeotia in Phocis of Arcadia whereas they vse to sowe it and manure it diligently for the gayne that is gotten of the sappe or iuyce thereof The thirde kinde groweth vppon the mount Pelius in Thessalie loueth good grounde Quarta Panacis Species The fourth kinde of Panax ⧠The Tyme The Opopanax is drawen gathered in the time of haruest †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Panaces Herculeum of Galien also Panax vnknowen in the shoppes here The liquor that commeth from it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Opopanax in shoppes Opopanacum The seconde kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Panaces Asclepij or Aesculapij Panaces The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panaces Chironium The fourth shoulde seeme to be Panaces Syriacum wherof Theophrastus Plinie haue mentioned which differeth from the former kindes as we haue els where more largely written in Latine Panaces in shoppes is called Siler montanum †The Nature The first Panaces is hoate in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde The liquor thereof is also of the lyke temperament The three other kindes are of the like temperature but not so hoate nor so strong ⧠The Vertues The seede of the first Panaces dronken with wormewood moueth womens flowres And taken with Herbe Sarrasine whiche is Aristolochia Clematitis it is good agaynst the poyson of all venimous beastes Being dronken with wine it cureth the suffocation and strangling or choking of the Matrix or Mother and causeth the same to fall and returne agayne to his naturall place The roote of Panaces chopped or hackt very small and applied belowe to the Mother or Matrix draweth foorth the dead Chylde and the vnnaturall birth The same roote mengled with Hony and layde vppon and also put into olde vlcers cureth the same and couereth bare or naked bones with flesh agayne The flowers and seede of the seconde kinde of Panaces are very profitable agaynst the bytinges of Serpentes to be dronken in wine or layde vpon the wounde with Oyle The same flowers and seede mingled with Hony and layde thereunto do cure olde malignant corrupt and fretting soares and also knobbes or harde swellinges The seede the flowers and also the roote of the thirde Panaces are very good to be dronken against the venom of Serpentes and Vipers Of Louage Chap. cvi †The Kyndes IF men take that herbe whiche is commonly called in Shoppes Leuisticum for one of the sortes
proportion of larkes spurre but muche smaller and of Carnation or a light redde purple colour and oftentimes white and growing meetly thicke togyther After the flowers there coÌ„meth certaine huskes or coddes in which is the seede whiche is rounde and blacke The roote of one of these kindes is all rounde and firme yellowe within and couered ouer with a blackishe pyll or skinne The roote of the other is most commonly long growen like a peare holowe both vnderneath and within †The Place These rootes growe by olde quicke set hedges and bushes in the borders of feeldes and in the pendant and hanging of hilles and mountaynes The smaller roote whiche is not hollowe is founde in certayne places of Brabant by Louaigne The greater whiche is also holow groweth in Germany wheras the one groweth the other groweth not at all so that ye shal neuer finde the full roote growing with the holowe roote nor the holowe roote growing by the full roote †The Tyme This herbe springeth betimes and bringeth foorth his stalkes and leaues in Februarie and flowreth in Marche and deliuereth his seede in April afterwardes the herbe fadeth so that nothing of him remayneth sauing the roote vnder grounde †The Names The roote whiche is holowe within is called in Germanie Holwurtz that is to say in English Holowe roote or Holewurt in Frenche Racine creuse in Brabant Hoolwortele that is to say in Latine Radix caua The other whiche is full close and firme is called in Brabant BoonkeÌ„s Holwortel Radix caua maior The great Holewurt Radix caua minor The small Holewurt This roote especially that whiche is holowe hath ben of long time vsed in the Shoppes of this Countrey for rounde Aristolochia it is so taken yet of some ignorant Apothecaries Some of the learned do thinke this herbe to be the Pistolochia described of Plinie Others woulde haue it to be a kinde of fumetorie caled Capnos Phragmites and some thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thesium Theophrasti Some also thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eriphiam Plinij and it seemeth to be somewhat lyke Eriphya that is written with y bycause it is founde in the spring time onely and therefore it may be well called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Planta veris. †The Nature Holeworte is hoate and dry in the seconde degree †The Vertues Holeworte cureth the Squinancie and olde tumoures or swelling of the throte or kernelles and Almondes of the same if one gargle or wash his mouth with the decoction of the same roote boyled in water onely or vineger for it hath power to cut and consume grosse humours It is also good agaynst the tumoures and inflammations of the vuula to be kept in the mouth and chewed vppon or the powder of the same layde thereto The same mingled with Vnguentum Populion nigrum or with some other of the same nature is good to waste and consume the HÄ™mÄ™roydes or piles and to swage the paynes of the same Of Swallowurte or Vincetoxicum Chap. iij. †The Description ASclepias is somewhat lyke the third kinde of Aristolochia in stalkes and leaues his stalkes be smothe rounde and small about two foote long with blackish leaues not much vnlyke Iuye leaues sauing they be longer sharper poynted The flowers growe vpon small stemmes betwixt the leaues of a pale or bleake white colour and sometime eyellowish and also blacke of a certayne strong sweetish sauour after them commeth long sharpe-poynted huskes or coddes the which do opeÌ„ of themselues whan they are ripe and within them is conteined seede lapped as it were in a certaine white wooll the whiche seede is reddish and broade not muche vnlyke the seede of Gentian The rootes be long round as it were small round threddie stringes or laces enterlaced one with another almost lyke the rootes of blacke Hellebor or Oxe heele and of a rancke sauour †The Place Asclepias groweth in rough high grauely and Stonie mountaynes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and his seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Asclepias of some it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hederuncula 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Hederae folium and nowe it is called Hirundinaria and VincetoxicuÌ„ in Germanie Schwalben wurtzel in Brabant Swaluwe wortele we may call it in English Asclepias VincetoxicuÌ„ Swallowurt Asclepias †The cause of his first Name This herbe tooke his name of the Ancient father Esculapius which was called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whom both the Greekes and Gentils say that he was the first that found out Physicke wherefore they honoured him as a God †The Nature The rootes of Asclepias are hoate and drie and resist poyson †The Vertues The roote of this Herbe boyled in water and dronken slaketh the gryping paynes of the belly is very good for suche as are bitten of venimous beastes and madde Dogges not onely to be giuen to drinke inwardly with wine but also if the leaues be applyed outwardly The leaues of Asclepias pounde and layde to are good agaynst the malignant vlcers and corrupt sores both of the breastes and Matrix or mother Of Periploca Chap. iiij †The Kyndes THere are two sortes of Periploca wherof one hath no surname the other is called Periploca repens Periploca prior The first Periploca Periploca altera The seconde Periploca †The Description THE first Periploca is many wayes like vnâ—… Swallowurt or Asclepias but his leaues be somewhat larger and greater his little stalkes or branches are longer his huskes or coddes allâ— are longer and thicker and his rootes are like threddie stringes creeping on the grounde The other hath longer and larger leaues his stalkes and braunches are thicker and harder they perishe not in winter as the first do and his huskes or coddes are also greater Both these herbes beyng scarrified or hurt do giue foorth a milkie iuyce or liquor and specially the last for the iuyce of the first is oftentimes yellowish †The Place These plantes growe in Syria and suche lyke hoate regions they do not lightly beare their huskes in Brabant †The Names They are both called Periplocae and the second is called Periplocca repens both are thought to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apocynon of Dioscorides the whiche is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Brassica Canina yet there is another Brassica canina a kind of wilde Mercurie ⧠The Nature and Vertues Apocynon is a deadly and hurtful plant not onely to man but also to cattel his leaues mixt with meale and tempered or made into bread it destroyeth Dogges Wolues and Foxes and other suche beastes that eate thereof Of Asarabacca Chap. v. †The Description ASarabacca hath swart greene rounde shining leaues lyke Iuye but a great dealerounder and tenderer in and amongst those leaues next the grounde growe the
hony cleareth the sight and taketh away the cloudes and spottes of the same being dropped or distilled into the same and it is very good to be mingled with all Collyries and medicines that are made for the eyes The small Centorie greene pounde and layde to doth cure and heale freshe and newe woundes and closeth vp and sodereth olde malignant vlcers that are harde to cure The same dried reduced into powder is profitable to be mingled amongst oyntmentes playsters powders and suche lyke medicines as are ordayned to fyll vp with flesh fistulas and holowe vlcers and to mollifie and soupple all hardnesse Of Reubarbe / or Rhabarba Chap. x. †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of Rha or as it is nowe called Reubarbe not so muche differing in proportion but their diuersitie is altogyther in the places wher as they are found growing For one kind of it groweth in Pontus and is called Rha Ponticum The seconde groweth in Barbaria and is therefore called Rhabarbarum and it is the common Reubarbe The third commeth from beyonde the Indians out of the regions of China and it is that whiche the Arabians call Raued Seni. ⧠The Description RHA as it is thought hath great broade leaues lyke to the leaues of Tapsus Barbatus or white Mollin or lyke to the leaues of of Clot Burre snipt and dented rounde about the edges like to a saw greene and smothe aboue and white and fryzed vnderneath Amongst them springeth vp a round straight stalke of a cubite long and at the top thereof groweth a fayre scaly knop or head the which whan it bloweth and openeth sheweth foorth a fayre purple flower and afterwardes it beareth seede not muche vnlyke the seede of the great Centorie sauing it is somewhat longer The roote is long thicke and spungie or open and being chewed it yeeldeth a yellowish colour lyke Ocre or Saffron †The Place Rha groweth in the Regions about Bosphorus and Pontus by the riuer Rha and in Barbaria in the Countrie of China We haue found here in the gardens of certaine diligent Herboristes that strange plant whiche is thought of some to be Rha or Rhabarbarum Rha. Reubarbe †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune †The Names This herbe specially the roote is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Arabian speeche Rheu ▪ and Raued or Rauet of Plinie in Latine Rhacoma Rhecoma That whiche groweth about Bosphorus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rha Ponticum or Rheon Pōticum of Mesue Raued Turcicum that is to say Rha of Turkie The second which groweth in Barbarie is called Rha Barbarum of Mesue and the Apothecaries Rheu barbarum The third kinde called Chinarum is called also Rha or Rheum Seniticum and Rheum Indicum and of the Arabians Raued Seni. †The Nature Rha is hoate in the first degree and dry in the second and of an astringent or binding nature †The Vertues The roote of Rhaponticum as saith Dioscorides is good against the blastinges wamblinges and the debilitie or weakenesse of the stomacke and all the paynes of the same Moreouer it is singuler agaynst conuulsions and Crampes or agaynst the diseases of the liuer and splene agaynst the gnawing or griping tormentes of the belly the kidneyes and bladder Also agaynst the akyng paynes of breastes and Mother and for suche as are troubled with the Sciatica the spitting of blood sobbing yeoxing it is good also agaynst the blooddie flixe and the laske and against the fittes of feuers and the bitinges and stinginges of all sortes of venimous beastes For the same purpose it is giuen the quantitie of a Dragme with Hydromel or honied water in a feuer with syrupe Acetosus against the diseases of the splene or melt with honied wine it is good against the diseases of the breast it is taken drie without any moysture agaynst the weakenesse or loosenesse of the stomacke The roote of Rha Pontike stamped and mingled with vineger cureth the vile white scurffe or manginesse clenseth the body from pale or wan spottes or the Morphew being straked or annoynted with the same Reubarbe and Raued Seni as Mesue writeth taken in quantitie of a Dramme purgeth downewardes cholerique humours wherefore they are good against all hoate feuers inflammations and stoppinges of the liuer and the Iaunders especially to be giuen or ministred with whaye or any other refreshing or cooling drinke or potion Reubarbe of him selfe or of his owne proper nature is also good against al manner of issue of blood eyther aboue or below and is good for them that are hurt or burstē inwardly and against greeuous falles and beatinges against Crampes and the drawing togyther of any part or shrinking of sinewes Also it cureth the blooddy flixe al manner laskes being first a litle tosted or dried agaynst the fire and dronken with some astringent liquor as the iuyce of Plantayne or grosse and thicke redde wine ⧠The Choice THe best Rha as Mesue writeth is that which is brought frō beyond India groweth in the Countrie of Chinae called Raued Seni. The next to that is the Reubarbe of Barbarie that which is of the least vertue is the Rha Pōtike Of Sowbread Chap. xi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Cyclamen as Dioscorides writeth The one is a lowe plant with a round roote and is called Cyclamen Orbiculatum The other groweth high and wrappeth it selfe about shrubbes and plantes and it hath no notable roote and it is called Cyclaminus altera †The Description CYclaminon which we may cal round Sowbread hath broade leaues spread vpon the grounde with peaked corners lyke to Iuy leaues and slightly dented round about the edges and of a swart or darke greene colour aboue yet powdered or garnished with white speckes or spots and the middle part of the sayde leafe is somewhat white but that syde of the leafe whiche is next the grounde is purple colour but sometimes deeper and sometimes lighter The flowers hang vppon tender stalkes nodding or beckning downewardes and their leaues turning vpwardes or backwardes in colour lyke to the purple violet but not so faire and of but a little or no sauour There folowe small knoppes with seede growing vpon small stalkes that are winded or turned two or three tymes about The roote is turned rounde lyke to a Turnep or Bulbus roote and somewhat flat or pressed downe with diuers hearie stringes by it and it is blacke without and white within in withering it gathereth wrinckles The second Cyclaminon or Sowbread his leaues be also broade and nothing peaked or angled but in a manner rounde and nothing speckled vppon or at least wayes very harde to be perceiued they be also of a sadde or blackish greene colour but vnderneath of a red purple colour The flowers are lyke to the first but of a better sauour The roote is somewhat smaller The third kinde also hath leaues without corners but they be somwhat
dented or snip rounde about the edges these leaues also are speckled and blackish in the middle The flower is of a deeper purple and of a most pleasant sauor But the roote is smaller than any of the rest Cyclaminus orbicularis Sowbread †The Place Sowbread groweth in moyst and stony shadowy places vnderneath trees hedges and busshes and in certayne wooddes but not euerywhere It groweth about Artoys and Vermandoys in Fraunce in the forest of Arden and in Brabant It is also common in Germanie and other Countries But the thirde kinde is the dayntiest and yet not strange in Italie †The Tyme The kindes of Sowbread do flower in Autumne about September afterwardes springeth vp the leaues which are greene all the winter The seede waxeth ripe about sommer next folowing †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus Rapum terrae Tuber terrae and Vmbilicus terrae of Apuleius Orbicularis Palalia Malum terrę Rapum porcinum and Panis porcinus in shoppes Cyclamen and Arthanita in English Sowbread in Frenche Pain de pourceau in Italian Pan porcino in Spanish some call it Mazam de porco in Germanie Schweinbrot Erdtapffel Erdtwurtz and Seuwbrot in Brabant Verckens broot and Sueghen broot Plinie calleth the colour of this flower in Latine Colossinum or Colossinus color The second kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus altera of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and we take that to be Vitalba the which shal be described hereafter in the xlviij Chapter of this booke †The Nature Sowbread is hoate and drye in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The roote of Sowbread dryed and made into powder taken in the quantitie of a dragme or a dragme and a halfe with Hydromell called also honyed water purgeth downewardes grosse tough flegme other sharpe humours The same taken in wine is profitable against al poyson and agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes to be applyed layd to outwardly vpon the wounded or hurt place The same dronken with wine or Hydromel cureth the Iaundise stopping of the liuer taketh away the yellow colour of the body if after the taking of the same in manner aforesayd one be so wel couered that he may sweat The same prouoketh the menstrual termes expulseth the dead fruit either dronken or conueyed into the body by a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The iuyce therof straked vpō the nauel or belly loseth the belly very gētly And it hath the same vertue being applied with wool to the fundement as a suppository The same iuyce with vineger setleth the fundement that is loose and fallen downe out of his naturall place if it be annoynted therewithall The same mingled with hony and dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight taketh away al spots as the web the pearle haw al impedimēts of the sight The same snift vp into the nose clenseth the braynes and purgeth at the nose grosse and colde flegmes The roote of Sowbread maketh the skinne faire and cleane and cureth all mangie scuruinesse and the falling of the heare and taketh away the markes and spottes that remayne after the small pockes and measelles and all other blemishes of the face The same layde to the melt or rather the iuyce thereof mingled with oyntmentes and Oyles for the purpose wasteth and consumeth the hardnesse and stopping of the Splene or melt It also healeth woundes being mingled with oyle and vineger and layde vpon them as Dioscorides sayth The broth or decoction of the same roote is good to bathe stue such partes of the body as be out of ioynt the gowt in the feete and kybed heeles and the scuruie sores of the head The Oyle wherin this roote hath ben boyled closeth vp olde vlcers with the same also a litle waxe they make an oyntment very good for kibed heeles and feete that are hurt with colde The roote hanged vpon wemen in trauayle with chylde causeth them to be deliuered incontinent †The Daunger In what sorte soeuer this roote be taken it is very daungerous to women with childe wherfore let thē take heede not only how they receiue it inwardly but also let them be aduised in any wise not to applye it outwardly nor to carrie it about them nor yet to plant it in their gardens for it will hinder them if they do but onely goe ouer it Of Felwort or Gentian Chap. xij †The Description THE first leaues of Gentian are great and large layd and spread abroade vpon the ground with sinewes or ribbes lyke Plantayne but greater and more lyke to the leaues of white Hellebor amōgst which springeth vp a rounde smothe holowe stalke as thicke as ones finger full of ioyntes and somtimes as long as a man with smaller leaues growing by couples at euery ioynt and sometymes somwhat snipt round about the edges with yellow flowers growing round about the stalke at the sayde ioyntes lyke to Crownes or garlandes whereof eache flower beyng spread abroade shineth with sixe narrow leaues like a starre and they grow out of little long huskes in which afterward is found the seede whch is light flat thin like the seede of Garnesey violets or stocke-gillofers or a darke euilfauoured red colour The roote is long rounde thicke sometymes forked or double of the color of the earth without yellowish within lyke to Boxe or Ocre and exceeding bitter in taste Gentiana Gentian Bysides the Gentian aforesayd there are two other sortes of herbes which are also at this tyme taken for Gentian The one is altogyther lyke Gentian sauing it is smaller and beareth blew flowers in taste it is farre bitterer wherefore Tragus saith it is of greater efficacie and vertue The other hath rounde stalkes and smothe set with greene smothe long narrow leaues alwayes growing by couples one agaynst another at the top of the stalke groweth the flowers like little belles of a light blew colour somewhat smaller than the flowers of the second kinde of Ranunculus The roote is yellow long bitter and this is that plant the which we call Autumne violettes or Belflowers is described in the xxj Chap. of the second part of this historie †The Place Gentian groweth vpon high mountaynes and in certayne Coomes or valleyes amongst ferne or brake as in sundrie places of Germanie Burgundie ⧠The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and the seede is rype in Iuly and August †The Names Gentian is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Gentiana of Apuleius Aloe gallica 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Narce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chironion Basilica Cyminalis in English Felworte in Frenche Gentiane ▪ in high Douche Entzian and Bitterwurtz in base Almaigne Gentiaen It is also called Gentiane in Italian and Spanishe †The cause of the Name Gentius king of Illyria was the first founder out of this herbe
others †The Place The blew groweth not in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes whereas it is sowen The great white Withywinde groweth in most places of this Countrie in euery garden and about hedges and inclosures The litle white Withiwinde groweth in feeldes especially amongst the stubble and sometimes amongst the Barley Otes and other grayne †The Tyme The blew flowreth very late in this Countrie The white kindes do flower in Iune and Iuly †The Names The Withiwinde or Bindeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Milax in Latine Smilax lenis of Marcus Cato Coniugulum in shoppes Volubilis of some Campanula and Funis arborum in Frenche Liset or Liseron in Douche Winde and Wranghe The kinde which beareth blewe flowers is called Coniugulum nigrum and after the opinion of some learned men in these dayes of Columella in hortis Ligustrum nigrum of Herboristes Campana Lazura The great white smothe Withiwinde is called of the Apothecaries Volubilis maior in high Douche Grosz Windenkraut and Groszweisz glocken in base Almaigne Groote Winde This kinde is taken of some to be Ligustrum album whereof Virgil treateth The smal Withiwinde or Bindeweede is called Volubilis minor in French Campanette or Vitreole in high Douchlande Klein Windenkraut in Neather Douchlande Cleyne cloexkens Winde And it seemeth to be much like to that which the Greekes cal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaecissus Hedera terrestris †The Nature Bindeweede or Withiwinde is of a hoate and drie qualitie or nature †The Vertues Withiwinde or Bindeweede is not fit to be put in medicine as Galen and Plinie witnesseth Of blacke Withiwinde / or Bindeweede Chap. liij †The Description BLacke Bindeweede hath smothe red branches very small lyke great threddes wherewithal it wrappeth and windeth it selfe about trees hedges stakes and about al herbes that it may catch or take holde vpon The leaues are lyke to Iuie but smaller and tenderer much resembling the leanes of the white Bindeweede The flowers be white and very small The seede is blacke and triangled or three square like to the seede of Bockweyde or Bolymong but smaller and blacker growing thicke togither Euery seede is inclosed and conered with a litle skinne The roote is also small and tender as a thred †The Place Blacke Bindweede groweth in Vineyardes and in the borders of feeldes and gardens about hedges and ditches and amongst herbes †The Tyme It deliuereth his seede in August and September afterward it perisheth †The Names This kinde of Bindeweede is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of the Emperour Constantine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Malacocissos hoc est Mollis Hedera Some call it in Latine Conuoluolus of some Vitealis that is to say Bindeweede of the Vineyardes or belonging to the Vine in Shoppes Volubilis media that is to say The meane Bindeweede in high Douche Swerte winde and Middelwinde in English Weede winde and Windweede or Iuybindweede ¶ The Nature Swerte Bindeweede is of a hoate nature and hath power to dissolue †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of this Bindeweede dronken doth lose and open the bellye The leaues pounde and layde to the greeued place dissolueth wasteth and consumeth swellinges as Galen sayth Helxine Cissampelos Of Soldanella or Sea Cawle Chap. liiij †The Description SOldanella hath many small branches somwhat red by the whiche it trayleth or creepeth alongst the grounde casting or spreading it self here and there couered or decked here there with litle round greene leaues more rounder and smaller then the leaues Asarabacca or lyke to the leaues of the round Aristolochia or Birthworte but smaller The flowers are lyke them of the lesser Bindeweede of a bright red or incarnate colour The seede is blacke and groweth in huskes or rounde coddes like the Bindeweedes The roote is small and long But to conclude this kinde of Bindeweede is muche like the lesser Withiwinde sauing that the leaues are muche rounder and thicker and of a saltish taste Brassica Marina †The Place This herbe groweth abundantly in Zealande vpon the Sea bankes and alongst the coast or Sea side in Flaunders and in all salt grounde standing neare the Sea †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune after which time men may gather it to keepe to serue in medicine ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassica Marina in Shoppes of the Apothecaries and common Herbaries Soldanella in high Douche Zee winde †The Nature Soldanella is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Soldanella purgeth downe mightily all kindes of waterie humours and openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and is geuen with great profite vnto suche as haue the Dropsie but it must be boyled with the brothe of some fatte meate or fleshe and dronken or els it must be dried and taken in powder ⧠The Danger Soldanella especially if it be taken in powder hurteth and troubleth the stomacke very muche †The Correction Men take to it Annys seede Cynamome Ginger and a great quantitie of Sugar and it must be so receiued in powder altogither Of Rough Bindeweede Chap. lv †The Description ROugh or prikeley Bindeweede hath tender stalkes and branches garnished or set round about with many sharpe prickes or thornes winding and wrappyng it selfe about trees hedges and bushes lyke to the other kindes of Bindeweede taking holde with their clasping branches vppon euery thing standing agaynst it The leaues be very well lyke Iuye but they are longer and sharper at the poynt The flowers are white and for his fruite it hath round beries clustering togither lyke grapes the whiche are red when they be ripe The roote is thicke and harde †The Place Rough Bindeweede as witnesseth Plinie groweth in vntoyled waterie places and in lowe and shadowie valleyes It is not founde in this Countrie but in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes Smilaxaspera †The Tyme Rough Bindeweede flowreth in the spring time but in hoate Countries it flowreth agayne in Autumne ¶ The Names This Bindeweede is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Smilaxaspera of some Volubilis acuta or Pungens in Frenche Smilax aspre or Liset piquant in high Douch Stechend windt in base Almaigne Stekēde winde And the roote of this plant is the Zarsa parella or as some do write Sparta parilla The whiche some of our time commende very muche for diuers diseases albeit very small effecte commeth thereof †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drye †The Vertues The leaues and fruite of sharpe Windeweede are very profitable against all venome and poyson and it doth not serue onely for the venome receiued beforehande but also agaynst all poyson taken after that a man hath eaten of the leaues or fruite of this plant In somuch that whosoeuer eateth hereof dayly no venome may hurt him Men do also write of this
to be made in powder and giuen to take for it stayeth them and driueth them foorth mightily The two other sorts of Mosse of the Sea is also good against flegmons or hoate tumours and the hoate gowte if they be vsed as the first kinde of Sea Mosse commonly called Corallina Of Crowfoote Chap. lxxij †The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of Ranunculus or Crowfoote as Dioscorides and Galen do affirme whereof the first is of many sortes The one hath great thicke leaues the whiche is called Water Crowfoote The seconde hath white leaues and is called White Crowfoote The thirde hath blacke leaues the whiche is called Leopardes Clawes And these be comprised of Apuleius vnder the first kinde The seconde kinde hath rough stalkes and leaues the thirde is small with yellowe flowers The fourth hath white flowers Bysides these there be yet other Crowfootes the whiche growe commonly in gardens whiche are called Butter flowers the whiche are set foorth in the the lxxiiij Chapter And yet there be other as hereafter is declared †The Description Ranunculorum primum genus quadruplex Ranunculus palustris Water Crawfoote Ranunculus albus siue echinatus White Yrchin Crowfoote THE water Crowfoote hath white greene stalkes hollowe and smooth vppon the whiche growe leaues deepely cut or clouen almost lyke the leaues of Parsely or Smalache but muche whiter softer and thicker very hoate and burning in the mouth The flowers be pale in fashion lyke Golde cuppes The which being faded there come vp in their places little heades or knoppes almost lyke the first buddes of Asparagus The roote is compact of a number of white threddes The white or Yrching Crowfoote hath also playne whitishe stalkes vpon the whiche grow leaues also of a whitishe colour very deepely cut and clouen especially the vppermost almost lyke the leaues of Coriander The flowers be lyke them aforesayde when they be fallen away in place of euery flower commeth foure or fiue round graines or beries plat rough like yrching The roote is threddie lyke the other Ranunculus auricomus Golden Crowfoote Pulsatilla Mischieuous Passeflower Golden Crowfoote hath his first leaues somewhat round but afterwarde very muche cut and diuided of a browne greene colour speckled in the midle with brode spottes somwhat blacke or blackish drawing toward the colour of fire The flowers be of a fayre yellowe colour as golde and shining after the flowers there come vp rounde heades or buttons more rougher then the knoppes of water Crowfoote Of this sorte there is yet one kinde founde as Dioscorides and Apuleius are witnesses which beareth a purple flower and the same is yet vnknowen The second kind of Ranunculus that is called Illyricus hath thinne stalkes and thereon grow cut leaues and with white small soft heares the flowers be of a pale yellowe the seede is as the other but the rootes are otherwise and be as many and somwhat more then the wheate or barlie cornes ioyning togither out of the whiche some threddes sprout with the whiche it setteth foorth and multiplieth Of this kind there is yet also another strange Ranunculus and it hath long narrow leaues as grasse of colour after white and blew drawing it out of the greene The flowers seedes are as the aforesaid but the rootes are threddie To this kind of Ranuculus is drawen another herbe which is called Passe-flower and it hath rough hearie stemmes all iagged and small cut or splitte sometimes thicke maned and lying for the most part vpon the grounde at the highest of the stalkes growe flowers almost after the fashion of little Cymballes hauing in the insyde smal yellowe threedes as in the middle of a Rose of colour most purple browne sometimes white and in some places red or yellow and whan the flowers be fallen there commeth vp a round head couered ouer with a certayne gray and browne heare Ranunculus Illyricus Ranunculus Lusitanicus The thirde kinde of Ranunculus is lesser and lower then the aforesayde his leaues be broade and vndiuided and slipperie betweene these two there groweth a stalke and one flower therevpon lyke vnto the other of a fayre yellow colour lyke vnto golde and of a very pleasant smel The rootes are of many cornes gathered the whiche be longer then the rootes of Ranunculus Illyricus The fourth kinde groweth high and hath brode leaues like vnto the Leopardes clawes but bigger the flowers are fashioned as the other of colour white The rootes are muche threeddie Byside these kindes of Ranunculus is yet another stange kind reckoned the whiche is called Troll flowers and it hath great leaues diuided into many partes and cutte rounde about the flowers growe vppermoste of the stalke and are yellow lyke vnto gold fashioned lyke the flowers of Ranunculus but bigger and not whole open but abiding halfe shut thereafter folowe many small coddes togither in the whiche the seede lyeth The rootes are muche threddie Ranunculus albo flore Crowfoote with white flowers Ranunculus flore globoso Trol flowers †The Place Crowfoote of the water groweth in ditches and standing waters sometimes also in medowes and lowe sandy groundes especially in moyst yeres The white and golden Crowfoote groweth in medowes moyst feldes These three kindes be common in this Countrie The seconde kinde of Crowfoote groweth in the Countrie of Illyria and Sardine and loueth sandy and drie ground that is vntoyled and is founde in many places of Fraunce and Almaigne In this Countrie the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens The third Ranunculus is found vpon certaine mountaines in the Countrie of Portingal and of Ciuil The fourth is here in this Countrie very strange The Trol flowers grow vpon the mountaynes of Switserlande †The Tyme The kindes of Crowfootes flower from April til Iune sometimes later †The Names Crowfoote is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ranunculus of Apuleius Herba seelerata in high Douche Hanenfusz in base Almaigne Hanenvoet that is to say Cockes foote in French Bassinet in Spanish Yerua belida in Italian Pie Coruino The first of the first kinde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apium palustre and Ranunculus palustris in Frenche Grenoillette aquatique or Bassinet deaue in high Douch Wasser epffs Wasser hanenfusz in neather Douchlande Water hanenvoet It may be called in English Water or Marrish Crowfoote The seconde is nowe called in Latine Ranunculus echinatus in Frenche Grenoillette Herissonnée in high Douche Weisz Hanenfusz Ackerhanenfusz in Brabant Witte Hanenvoet in French Bassinet blanc in English White Crowfoote or Vrchin Crowfoote The thirde is called Ranunculus auricomus in Frenche Grenoillette dorée in high Douch Wisen Hanenfusz Schwartz Hanenfusz and Geelb Hanenfusz in base Almaigne Lupaerts clawen and according to the same it is called in Latine Pes Leopardi that is to say Leopardes foote Crowfoote and Golden Crowfoote The second kinde is called Herba Sardoa Apium syluestre Apium rusticum Apiastrum and Apium
Iuraye and the seede of the same grayne which the Brabanders call Peertsbloemen Melampyrū Blacke wheat Cow wheat or Horse flower Of Blight or Brantcorne Chap. xvij †The Description VStilago is a certayne disease or infirmitie that happeneth vnto suche fruits as ebare eares but especially vnto Otes This kinde of plante before it shuteth out in eare is very lyke vnto Otes but when it beginneth to put foorth his eare in steede of a good care there commeth vp a blacke burnt eare ful of blacke dust or powder †The Place It groweth most commonly as is beforesaid amongst Otes and sometimes amongst wheate †The Tyme It is founde most commonly in Aprill when as the Sonne shineth very hoate after a rayne folowing †The Names This barren and vnfruitefull herbe is nowe called Vstilago that is to say Burned or Blighted in French Brulure in high and base Almaigne Brant †The Nature and faculties Vstilago hath no good propertie in Phisicke and serueth to no manner of good purpose but is rather a hurt or maladye to all Corne. Vstilago Of Beanes Chap. xviij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of beanes The one sort is commonly sowen the other is wild The cōmon or manured beane is diuided againe into two sortes that is great and smal Phaselus satiuus Sowen Beanes Phaselus syluestris Wilde Beanes †The Description THE great sowen Beane hath a square stalke vpright and hollowe The leaues growe vpon short stemmes standing vpon both sides of the stalkes one against another and are long thicke The flowers grow vpon the sides of the stalke and are white with a great blacke spot in them and somtimes a browne After which flowers there come vp long coddes great and round soft within frised or cottonlike In the sayd coddes the beanes are inclosed of colour most commonly white sometimes redde or browne in fashion flat almost lyke to the nayle of a mans finger or toe The lesser beane that is vsed to be sowen is like to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers and woolly coddes sauing that in all pointes it is lesser The fruite also is nothing so flat but rounder and smaller The wilde beane hath also a square holow stalke as the garden and sowen beanes haue The leaues be also like to the common beane leaues but the litle stemmes whereon the leaues do growe haue at the very ende tendrelles and claspers as the pease leaues haue The flowers be purple The coddes are flat and woolly within as it were laid with a soft Downe or Cotton but nothing so much as the coddes of the common sowen beanes The fruite is all rounde and very blacke and no bigger then a good pease of a strong vnpleasant sauor and when it is chewed it filleth the mouth full of stinking matter †The Place The domesticall or husbandly beanes do growe in feeldes and gardens where as they be sowen or planted The wilde is to be founde amongst the Herboristes and groweth of his owne kinde in Languedoc †The Tyme They are planted and sowen in Nouember Ianuary February and April and are ripe in Iune and Iuly †The Names Beanes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides also Phasioli in Latine Faseli nowe a dayes they be called in Shoppes and commonly Fabae in high and base Almaigne Bonen The great kinde is called in Latine Phaselus maior or Faselus satiuus maior in Douche Groote Boonen in English Great Beanes and garden Beanes The other may be well called Faseli minores that is to say The smaller Beane in Brabant Zeeusche Boonkens and Peerde Boonkens That the common Beane is not that kind of pulse called of the Auncientes Cyamos and Faba hath ben sufficiently declared In Historia nostra The wilde kinde may well be called in Latine Faselus syluestris and Faselus niger that is to say The wilde Beane and the blacke Beane in Douch Wilde Boonen and Swerte Boonen or Moorkens as some do cal them This may well be that Pulse whiche is called Cyamos and Faba †The Nature Greene beanes before they be rype are colde and moyst but when they be drie they haue power to binde and restrayne †The Vertues The greene and vnripe Beanes eaten do loose open the belly very gently but they be windy engender ventosities as Dioscorides saith The which is well knowen of the common sortes of people and therefore they vse to eate their beanes with Commine Drie Beanes do stop binde the belly especially when they be eaten without their huskes or skinnes and they nourishe but litle as Galen saith Beane meale layde to outwardly in manner of a Cataplasme or playster dissolueth tumours and swellinges And is very good for the vlcers and inflammation of womens pappes and against the mishappes and blastings of the genitors The wilde Beane serueth to no vse neither for meate nor medicine That I knowe Of Kidney Beane / or garden Smilax Chap. xix †The Description GArden Smilax hath long and small branches growing very high griping and taking holdfast when they be succoured with rises or long poles about the whiche they wrappe and winde them selues as the Hoppe otherwise they lye flat and creepe on the ground beare no fruite at all The leaues be broade almost like Iuie growing three and three togither as the Trefoil or three leaued grasse The flowers be somtimes white and sometimes red after the flowers there come in their places long coddes which be somtimes crooked and in them lye the sedes or fruit smaller then the common beane and flat fashioned lyke to a kidney of colour somtimes red somtimes yellow somtimes white somtimes blacke sometimes gray speckled with sundrie colours This fruit is good and pleasant to eate in so much that men gather and boyle thē before they be ripe and do eate them coddes and all †The Place In this Countrie men plant this kind of Beanes in gardens they loue good grounde and places that stande well in the Sonne †The Tyme They are planted in Aprill after that the colde and frostes be past for at their first comming vp they can by no meanes at all indure colde They are ripe in August and September ¶ The Names This kinde of Beanes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Faseolus Dolichus and Smilax hortensis The coddes or fruite are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Siliquae and Lobi of Serapio Lubia in Frenche Phaseoles in high Douch Welsch Bonen in base Almaigne Roomsche Boonen in Englishe of Turner it is called Kidney beane and Sperage of some they are called Faselles or Long Peason it may be also named Garden Smilax or Romaine Beanes Phaseolus †The Nature Kidney beanes are somewhat hoate and moyst of Complexion after the opinion of the Arabian Physitions †The Vertues Kidneybeanes do nourishe meetely well and without engendring windinesse as some other pulses do also they do gently loose
lyke the other but in the corne feldes the borders therof is a noughty hurtful weede to corne the which the husbandmen would not willingly haue in their lande or feeldes therfore they take much payne to weede and plucke vp the same †The Names This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agrostis bycause it groweth in the Gramen Couche grasse corne feeldes whiche are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agroi therfore men may easily iudge that the common grasse is not Agrostis This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen in French Grame or Dent au chien in base Almaigne Ledtgras and Knoopgras and of the Countrie or husbandmen Poeen in Englishe Couche and Couche grasse †The Nature Couche grasse is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The roott of Couche grasse boyled in wine and dronken doth swage and heale the gnawing paynes of the belly prouoketh vrine bringeth forth grauel and is very profitable against the strangurie The same with his leaues newe brused healeth greene woundes and stoppeth blood if it be layde thereto Of wall Barley or way Bennet Chap. xlv †The Description PHoenix is a kind of vnprofitable Grasse in eare and leaues almost like Iuray or Darnel but smaller shorter It hath leaues meetely long and large almost like Barley but smaller The litter or stems is short full of ioyntes and reddish The eares growe in fashion like Iucay but the litle knoppes or eares stande not so farre asunder one from an other There is yet another grasse much like to the aforesaid the which groweth almost throughout al medowes and gardens Neuerthelesse his leaues be narrower the stalkes smaller and are neuer red but alwayes of a sad greene colour and so is all the residue of the plant whereby it may be very wel discerned frō the other Phoenix ¶ The Place Phoenix groweth in the borders or edges of feeldes and is founde in great quantitie in the Countrie of Liege or Luke And as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon houses †The Tyme Phoenix is ripe in Iuly and August as other grayne is †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Phoenix and of some Lolium rubrum in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet it may be called Red-Ray or Darnell †The Nature Phoenix drieth without sharpnesse as Galen writeth †The Vertues Phoenix taken with red wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the abundant running of womens flowers and also the inuoluntarie running of vrine Some do write that this herbe wrapped in a Crymson skinne or peece of leather and bounde fast to a mans body stoppeth bleeding Of Hauer Grasse Chap. xlvi †The Description BRomus or Hauergrasse is also an vnprofitable grasse much like to Otes in leaues stemmes and eares sauing that the grasse or leaues be smaller the stalkes or motes be both shorter and smaller and the eares are longer rougher more bristeled or bearded standing farther asunder one from the other †The Place It groweth in the borders of feeldes vpon bankes and Rampers alongst by way sides †The Tyme It is to be found in eare wel neare all the sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bromus and as a difference from Otes whose Greeke name is Bromus they put to this addition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bromus herba and Auena herba It had this name first bycause of the likenesse it hath with Otes it is called in Frenche Aueron or Aueneron we may call it in Englishe Hauer or Ote grasse Bromus †The Nature Bromus is of a drie complexion †The Vertues This herbe and his roote boyled in water vntil the third part be consumed and afterwarde the same decoction boyled agayne with hony vntill it waxe thicke is good to take away the smel or stenche of the sores in the nose if it be put in with a weeke or matche but especially if you put to it Aloes The same also boyled in wine with dried roses amendeth the corrupt smell of the mouthe if it be washed throughly therwithall Of Stitchwurt Chap. xlvij †The Description THis herbe hath round tender stalkes ful of knots or ioyntes creeping by the ground at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another hard brode and sharpe at the endes The flowers be white diuided into fiue small leaues when they be fallen away there growe vp litle round heades or knoppes not much vnlike the knops or heades of Line wherin the seede is The rootes be small and knottie creeping hither and thither †The Place It groweth in this Countrie alongst the fieldes and vnder hedges and busshes †The Tyme A man may finde it in flowers in Aprill and May. †The Names This herbe hath the likenesse of the herbe called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crataeogonum Crataeonum and Crataeus it is called in high Douche Augentroostgras and the Brabanders folowing the same call it Oogentroostgras that is to say Grasse comforting the eyes And may wel be named Gramen Leucanthemum ⧠The Nature The seede of Crataeogonum heateth and dryeth †The Vertues Men haue written that if a woman drinke the seede of Crataeogonum three daies togither fasting after the purging of her flowers that the childe which she may happen to conceiue within fourtie dayes after shal be a man childe Gramen Leucanthemum Of Gupleuros Chap. xlviij †The Description BVpleuron hath long narrowe leaues longer larger then the blades of grasse otherwise not muche vnlyke The stalkes be of a three or foure foote long or more rounde vpright thicke full of ioyntes the whiche do part and diuide agayne into many branches at the toppe whereof there growe yellow flowers in round tuftes or heades afterward the seede whiche is somewhat long There is another herbe much like to the aforesayd in fashion and growing sauing that his leaues which are next the grounde are somewhat larger the stemme or stalke is shorter and the roote is bigger and of a wooddy substance in al thinges els lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place This herbe groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The seconde is founde in the borders of Languedoc †The Tyme It flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bupleurum we know none other name The seconde sort is called of the Herboristes of Prouince Auricula Leporis It is very lyke that which Valerius Cordus nameth Isophyllon Bupleuri prima species The first kind of Bupleures Bupleurialtera species The second kind of Bupleures †The Nature Buplerum is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues This herbe in time past was vsed as pot herbe and counted of Hippocrates as a conuenient food as Plinie writeth The leaues of the same
and Calamus in Frenche Canne or Roseau in high Douche Rorh in base Almaigne Riet in English Common Pole Reede Spier or Cane Reede The first kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nastus of this kinde in times past they made arrowes and dartes The seconde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arundo foemina this kinde dyd serue to make tongues for pipes shaulmes or trumpettes The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syringias Fistularis of whiche they make pipes and flutes With the fourth men did write in times past as they do now vse to do with pennes and quilles of certayne birdes the whiche for the same purpose were named Calami The fifth kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Donax 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arundo Cypria The sixth which is our commō Canereede is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Arundo vallatoria and Arundo vallaris and Arundo sepicularis in Englishe Cane Reede Pole Reede Spier and the Reede or Cane of the vally The seuenth is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Arundo Indica in Frenche Canne in base Almaigne Riet van Indien and of some also Riet van Spaengien in English Spanish Canes or Indian Reede The Sugar Cane hath none other particuler name but as men do nowe cal it Arundo saccharata or Arundo sacchari that is to say in Englishe Sugar Reede or Sugar Cane in Frenche Canne de succré in Douche Suycker Riet The Aromaticall and sweete Cane is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Calamus odoratus Calamus Aromaticus Arundo odorata altogither vnknowen in shoppes for that whiche they vse to sel for Calamus Aromaticus is no reede nor roote of a reede but is the roote of a certayne herbe lyke vnto the Yellow Flagge or bastard Acorus the whiche roote is nowe taken for the right Acorus †The Nature The Cane Reede is hoate and drie as Galensayth The Aromatical and sweete Cane is also hoate dry in the second degree †The Vertues The roote of Cane Reede or Spier pound smal and layd to draweth forth thornes and splinters and mingled with vineger it swageth the paine of members out of ioynt The greene tender leaues finely stamped and layde to healeth cholerique inflammations or wilde fier also hoate swellinges and impostumes The ashes of the Pole Reede mingled with vineger and layde to healeth the roome and scales of the head whiche do cause the heare to fal of The Aromatical or sweete Calamus being dronken prouoketh vrine and boyled with Parsley seede is good agaynst the strangnrie the payne of the raynes the bladder and dropsie The same taken in any kind of wayes is very agreable to al the inner partes as the stomacke the liuer the spleene the matrix agaynst burstinges or ruptures ⧠The Danger The downe that is in the top of the Cane reede or in the tufting tassels ther of if it chaunce to fal into the eares bringeth such a deafenesse as is hard to be cured Of Reede Grasse Chap. lv †The Description REede grasse hath long narrow leaues two edged or sharpe on both sides with a sharpe crest or backe raysed vp so that they seeme almost triangled or three square The stalkes growe amongst the leaues to the height of two or three foote or more and do beare about the vpper part of the stalkes rounde prickley knoppes or boullettes as bigge as a Nut. The roote is ful of hearie stringes †The Place It groweth in this Countrie in moyst medowes in the borders or brinkes of ditches riuers †The Tyme It bringeth foorth his boullettes or prickley knoppes in August †The Names This herbe is called in base Almaigne Rietgras and therefore some take it for a kinde of grasse which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Calamagrostis in Latine Gramen Arundinaceum in Englishe Reede grasse With the which it hath no likenesse and therefore it serueth better to be named Platanaria and lykewise it is not lyke vnto Spargamum but it is more lyke that Butomon of Theophrastus that likewise in Greeke is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Platanaria †The Nature It is of a colde and drie complexion †The Vertues Some write that the knoppes or rough buttons of this herbe boyled in wine are good agaynst the bitinges of venemous beastes if it be either dronken or the wounde be washed therewith Of Rattel grasse Chap. lvi †The Kindes THere be two kindes of this grasse one which beareth redde flowers and leaues finely iagged or snipt the other hath pale yellow flowers and long narrowe leaues snipt like a sawe rounde about the edges †The Description THe first kind hath leaues very smal iagged or dented spread abrode vpō the ground The stalkes be weake smal wherof some lye along trayling vpon the ground do beare the litle leaues the rest do growe vpright as high as a mans hand vpon them grow the flowers from the midle of the stemme round about euen hard vp to the top of a browne red or purple color somwhat like to the flower of the red nettle The which being fallē away there grow in their place litle flat powches or huskes wherein the seede is conteined which is flat blackish The roote is smal tender Fistularia Reede Rattel Crista gallinacea Yellow Rattel The seconde kind hath a straight stemme set about with narrowe leaues snipt rounde about vpon the edges The flowers growe rounde about the stemme at the highest of the stalke fashioned like the flowers of the first kinde sauing that they be of fainte or pale yellowe colour or whitishe after the whiche there come vp litle flat powches or purses couered as it were with a litle bladder or flat skin open before like the mouth of a bladder Within the litle purses is the seede the whiche is flat yellowe or brownish The roote is small and short †The Place That with the red flowers groweth in moyst medowes and is very noysome to the same That with the pale or yellowe flowers groweth in drie medowes and in the feeldes also and is to them very euill and hurtful †The Tyme That with the red flowers flowreth in May and his seede is ripe in Iune The other flowreth in Iune and Iuly and almost all the sommer †The Names The first is called of the writers in these dayes Fistularia and Crista and of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phthirion in Latine Pedicularis that is to say Louse herbe in high Douche Braun Leuszkraut bycause the cattell that pasture where plentie of this grasse groweth become full of lice They call it also in high Douch Rodel and Browne Rodel in base Almaigne Roode Ratelen some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alectorolophos of Plinie in Englishe Redde Rattel The other kind is called of the writers in these dayes Crista gallinacea and Crista galli bycause
Vertues Orache eaten in pottage as other herbes doth soften and loose the belly The seede of Orache taken in Meade or Honied water doth open and comfort the stopped lyuer and is good against the Iaundize or Guelsought Greene Orache brused is very good to be layde vppon inflammations and hoate swellinges that of the garden at the beginning of the swelling or inflammation and the wilde at the ende or going away of the same With Saltpeter honie vineger it is layd to Cholerique inflammations called Wilde Fier bycause it doth wast and consume the member it is in and also to the gowte ⧠The Danger The often vse of Orache engendreth many infirmities ouerturneth the stomacke and causeth diuers spottes freckles or pimples to artse in the face and all the rest of the body Also it is harde of digestion as sayth Diocles and Dionysius Of Blites Chap. ij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Blites the great and the small and euery of them is diuided againe into two kindes whereof the one is white and the other redde and doth common in this Countrie †The Description THE great white Blite groweth two or three foote high hath grayish or white rounde stalkes The leaues be playne and smoth almost lyke the leaues of Orache but not so soft white nor mealie The flowers growe like Orache and after them commeth the seede inclosed in litle flat huskie skinnes The great red Bleete is much lyke the other sauing that his stalkes be very red and the leaues of a browne greene color changeable vpon redde and so is the seede also The lesser Blite with the greene stalke is full of branches and groweth vp sodenly The leaues be long and narrowe or smal not much vnlike the leaues of Beetes sauing they be farre smaller The flowers be browne turning towardes redde The seede groweth clustering togither lyke Orache seede The roote is full of hearie stringes The smal red Blite hath stalkes red as blood and so are his leaues and rootes in so muche that with the iuyce of this herbe one may write as faire a red as with roset made of Brasill otherwyse it is lyke the rest of the kindes of other Blites Blitum maius The great Blite Blitum rubeum The red Blite Blitum album The white Blite ¶ The Place This herbe groweth wilde and in some gardens amongst pot herbes and where as it hath once taken roote it commeth vp euery yeere wherefore it is counted but a weede or vnprofitable herbe †The Tyme It is founde most commonly in flower about midsomer †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Blitum in Frenche Blette and Pourée rouge in high and base Almaigne Maier in Englishe Blite and Blittes ¶ The Nature This herbe is colde and moyst †The Vertues Blites eaten in pottage do soften the belly but it hurteth the stomacke and nourisheth not Of Goose foote Chap. iij. †The Description GOose soote groweth a foote and a halfe high or two foote in length he stalke is straight and full of branches the leaues be brode and deepely cut rounde about almost like to a Ganders foote wherefore it is so named The flowers be small reddish The seede groweth clustering lyke the Orache seede The roote is full of hearie threddes †The Place This herbe groweth wilde and in vntoyled places alongst by the way sides and is taken but as a weede or vnprofitable herbe †The Tyme You shal finde it flowring in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called of the writers in our tyme Pes Anserinus in high Douche Genszfusz in Frenche Pied d'oyson in base Almaigne Gansenvoet and of some Schweinsztod Seutod that is to say ▪ Swines bane bycause the Hogges eating of this herbe are immediatly baned or taken with the Murren so that within short space they die †The Nature This herbe is cold almost in the third degree Pes Anserinus †The Vertues This herbe in operation is much like Morel or Nightshade and may be vsed outwardly to all thinges wherevnto Nightshade is required Tragium Germanicum Of the ranke Goate / or stinking Motherworte Chap. iiij †The Description THis herbe also is somewhat lyke Orache but in al thinges smaller This is a little lowe tender herbe with many long branches trayling on the ground The smal leaues are whitish as though they were ouerstrowen with meale lyke to the leaues of Orache but muche smaller neither muche greater then the leaues of Marierom gentil The seede is smal and white and groweth clustering togither like the seede of Orache All the herbe stinketh like rotten corrupt fishe Tragium Germanicum or lyke stinking fishe broth or lyke a ranke stinking Goate ¶ The Place It groweth in this Countrie in sandie places by the way sides †The Tyme You may finde it in flower and seede about midsomer †The Names This herbe hath no particuler Latine name wherefore bycause of his stinking sauour we do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ▪ in Latine Tragium that is to say Goates herbe And bycause you shal reade in Dioscorides of two other herbes called Tragia to make some difference betwixt them we do name this Tragium Germanicum in Frenche Blanche putain in base Almaigne Bocxcruyt some call it Vuluaria by whiche name it is knowen of the Herboristes of this Conntrie Valerius Cordus calleth it Garosmos I haue named it in Englishe The ranke stinking Goate or stinking Motherwort And is taken of some to be that stinking herbe that of Plautus is named Nautea †The Vertues The smel of this herbe is good for women that are vexed with the rising vp of the mother and for the same greefe it is good to be layde vpon the nauell Of Beetes Chap. v. †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Beetes the white and red And of the red sorte are two kindes the one hauing leaues and roote lyke to the white Beete the other hath a great thicke roote and is a stranger amongst vs. Beta candida White Beete Beta nigra Redde Beete †The Description THE white Beete hath great brode playne leaues amongst the whiche riseth vp long crested or streked stalke The flowers grow alongst by the stalkes one vpon another like little Starres The seede is rounde harde and rough The toote is long thicke and white within The common redde Beete is muche lyke vnto the white in leaues stalkes seede and roote sauing that his leaues and stalkes are not white but of a swart browne red colour The strange red Beete is like to the cōmon red Beete in leaues stalkes seede proportion color sauing that his roote is muche thicker and shorter very well like to a Rape or Turnep but very redde within and sweeter in tast then any of the other two sortes †The Place They sowe the Beete in gardens amongst pot herbes The strange redde Beete is to be founde planted in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme
operation are muche like to Sowe Thistel or Sonchus and being vsed after the like manner be as good to al purposes They be also good for the eyesight if the iuyce of them be dropped into the eyes especially of that sort whiche is called Diuels bit Of langdebeefe Chap. xv †The Description THis herbe hath great broade leaues greater and broader then the leaues of Borache set ful of soft prickles from whiche leaues commeth vp a tender weake brittle and triangled stalke set with leaues of the same sort but smaller At the toppe of the stalke growe many small leaues thicke set and harde throng togither round about the stalke from amongst whiche litle leaues commeth a rough round Thistely knoppe bearing a purple flower the whiche is caried away with the wind The roote is thicke and crooked hauing many stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in the medowes of this Countrie and in moyst places by water brookes or ditches †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cirsium of some Buglossum magnum and Spina mollis in Brabant Groote Dauw distel vnknowē in shoppes some take Cirsion to be Langdebeefe T. lib. 1. fol. 143. †The Nature It is colde and drie of vertue like Sonchus †The Vertues Andreas the Herborist writeth that the roote of Cirsium tyed or bounde to the diseased place swageth the ache of the veynes called Varix being to muche opened or enlarged and fylled with grosse blood Cirsion Of Condrilla Gumme Succorie Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Condrilla as Dioscorides writeth the great and the small †The Description COndrilla is somewhat lyke to wylde Endiue his leaues be long grayish and deepely cut vpon both sides the stalke is small of a foote long or somewhat more in the litle stalkes of Condrilla is founde a gumme lyke Masticke of the bignesse of a beane wherevpon growe round knoppes which after their opening bringeth foorth faire flowers whiche in collour and making are much like to the flowers of wild Endiue but much smaller The roote is long and white like to Succorie The other Condrilla hath long leaues deepely indented vppon both sides lyke to the leaues of the wilde Endiue and for the most parte spreade abroade vpon the ground amongst which leaues grow vp smal playne holow stalkes carrying fayre yellowe double flowers the whiche past they turne into rounde blowballes like to fine downe or cotton and are carried away with the wind The roote is long and slender yellowish and ful of milke which commeth forth when it is cut or broken †The Place The great Condrilla is not common in this Countrie but is to be founde in the gardens of Herboristes The lesser which is our Dandelion groweth in al partes of this Countrie in medowes and pastures †The Tyme The great Condrilla flowreth in May and in Iune Dandelion flowreth in April and August ⧠The Names The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla Condrilla Gumme Succorie Condrilla Dandelyon of Plinie Condrillon and Condrillis of some also Cichorion and Seris of the later writers Condrilla maior in this Countrie Condrilla and Gumme Succorie in Douche Condrilla The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla altera in shoppes Dens leonis and Rostrum porcinum in Frenche Pisse-en-lict in high Douche Korlkraut Pfaffenblat Pfaffen rorlin in base Almaigne Papencruyt Hontsroosen Canckerbloemen and Schorftbloemen in Englishe Dandelyon †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie lyke Endiue and Succorie †The Vertues The iuyce of the great Condrilla taken by it selfe or with wine stoppeth the laske especially comming of the heate of the liuer The same brused and eaten with his leaues rootes is very good agaynst the bitinges of venemous Serpentes The seede of Condrilla doth strengthen the stomacke and causeth good digestion as Dorotheus writeth Dantdelyon in vertue and operation is much like Succorie and it may be alwayes vsed in steede thereof It layeth downe the staring heares of the eyebrowes and causeth newe heares to grow if the iuyce be often layd to the place Of Groundswell Chap. xvij †The Kindes Although Dioscorides and other the Auncients haue set foorth but one sort of Erigeron yet for al that the later learned writers do set out two kindes the one great and the other smal vnto which we haue ioyned a third kind Wherfore Erigeron is nowe to be counted of three sortes Erigeron primum secundum The first second kindes of Groundswel Erigeron tertium The third kind of Groundswel †The Description THE great Groundswel hath rough whitish leaues deeply iagged and knawen vpō both sides like to the leaues of white Mustard or senuie The stalke is two foote high or more at the top whereof growe smal knoppes which do open into smal yellow flowers the which are sodenly gone changed into downie blowbawles like to the heades of Dantdelyon and are blowen away with the winde The roote is hearie and the whole herbe is of a strange smell The lesser Groundswel hath greene leaues whiche be also much torne and deepely iagged vpon both sides like the leaues of the great groundswell but a great deale smaller greener smother and not so rough The stalke is a spanne long at the toppe whereof growe yellow flowers whiche do also chaunge sodenly into hoare heades or blowbawles and doo flye away with the winde The roote is hearie and hath no proper smell The third Groundswel hath a straight slender stemme of a browne purple colour and set full of fine cotton or downie heares the leaues be long and narrow At the top of the stalkes grow smal knoppes out of which come smal pale yellow flowers the whiche incontinently after their opening do change and become so sodenly gray or white that he that taketh not the better heede may thinke that they are so at the first opening of the knoppes for euen the self same day and sometimes the very same houre of their opening they become gray or hoare and shortly after the knoppes do spreade abrode and open and the gray heare with the seede are blowen and carried away with the winde The roote is small and very tender †The Place The great Groundswel groweth in sandy groundes and alongst by wayes and pathes The lesser is often found amongst potherbes and commonly in the feeldes The thirde groweth in darke shadowed wooddes and dry Countries †The Tyme The great Groundswel flowreth in Iune and Iuly The lesser Groundswel flowreth al the sommer and somtimes also in winter when it is milde and not to colde The thirde flowreth at Midsomer ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Senecio of some Herbulū or Erechtites in Frenche Seneceon or Senesson in high Douche Grindtkraut in English Groundswel The first kinde is called Senecio
common Mallowe yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same Of Cucumbers Chap. xxviij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cucumbers the garden and the wilde Cucumber The garden Cucumber is vsed in meates The wild kind is not good for that purpose but serueth onely for medicine we haue giuen you his description in the thirde booke of this historie the xl Chapter †The Description THE garden and eateable Cucumber hath long rough branches creeping alongest the grounde vpon whiche growe rough roundishe leaues and claspers or tendrelles The flowers growe betwixt the leaues and the stalkes of a faint yellowe colour that which being fallen away the fruite foloweth after which is long the outside thereof is sparckled and set full of litle bowles of bosses the coastes or sides be long greene at the beginning afterward yellow within the whiche groweth a broade or large white seede The roote is of a competent length †The Place These Cucumbers are sowen in gardens and loue places standing well in the Sonne †The Tyme The chiefest season for the eating of Cucumbers is in Iuly and August and they are ripe in September Cucumis satiuus Melopepon Galeni Cucumbers ⧠The Names This kinde of Cucumber is called of the later writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis satiuus or Cucumer satiuus of some Cucumis Anguinus or Anguria in shops Cucumer in French Concombre ▪ in high Douche Cucumern and Gurchen in base Almaigne Concommeren and this seemeth to be the same which Galen in libris de Alimentorum facultatibus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Melopepon †The Nature The Cucumber is colde and moyst in the seconde degree †The Vertues Cucumber taken in meates is good for the stomacke and bowels that are troubled with heate but it yeeldeth small nourrishment euil insomuch that the immesurable vse thereof fylleth the vaynes with colde noughtie humours the whiche bycause they may not be conuerted into good blood doo at the length bryng foorth long and great agues and other diseases as Galen writeth The seede dronken with milke or sweete wine looseth the belly gently and is very good agaynst the exulceration rawnesse of the bladder and inwarde stopping of the same The greene leaues stamped with wine and layde to heale the bitinges of Dogges Of Melones and Pepones Chap. xxix ⧠The Kyndes THE Pepon is a kinde of Cucumber the whiche is nowe of diuers sortes as the great round and flat whereof the great is also of two sortes that is white and greene Pepones magni Great Melons or Pepons Pepones rotundi Round Melons or Pepons †The Description THe great Pepon hath long round great rough and hollow branches beset with short sharpe prickles The leaues be great broade rough parted into foure or fiue deepe cuttes or iagges much greater then the leaues of the Gourde by the sayde leaues come foorth clasping tendrelles whereby this Pepon groweth vp and taketh holdfast by euery thyng The flowers growe amongst the leaues very great and hollowe within iagged about the edges and of a yellowe colour The fruite is very bigge thicke and and long one sort thereof is of a greenishe colour with many ribbes or costes and the rinde is very harde the other sorte is white couered with a soft and tender rinde The seede is inclosed in the fruite and is white and broade much larger then the seede of the Cucumber The seconde kind whose fruite is round hath also prickly stalkes leaues the stalkes be smaller and most commonly creepe alongst the grounde The leaues be also smaller and not so deepe cut or rent The flowers be yellow lyke the flowers of great Melon or Pepō The fruite is rounde and somewhat the other white wherin groweth the flat whereof one sorte is greene and sede smaller than the sede of the other Pepone and greater than the seede of the Cucumber The thirde kinde of Pepones is muche lyke to the seconde in creepyng branches leaues and flowers but the stalkes be not so rough the fruite is flat brode and round couered with a soft and gentle rynde or coueryng cronkeled wrinckled about the borders or edgis lyke to a buckler wherin is the seede lyke to the seede of the Cucumber but greater There is also a wilde kinde of Pepons which are lyke the tame Pepons in stalkes and rough leaues but the fruite is smaller and altogither bitter lyke to Coloquintida or the wilde Gourde or wilde Cucumber wherevnto this wilde kinde is agreeable in vertue and operation Pepones lati Brode Melons or Pepons †The Place All these kindes of Melons and Pepons are sowen in gardens and vsed in meates except the wilde kind †The Tyme The fruite is ripe in August and sometimes sooner if it be a hoate season and a forwarde yere ¶ The Names This fruit is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Pepones of Galen also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sicyopepones that is to say Pepones Cucumerales Cucumber Pepons The first kinde is called in English Melons and Pepons in Frenche Pompons dyuer or Citroulen in high Douche Pseben in base Almaigne Pepoenen of the newe writers in Latine Magni Pepones of some Cucumeres Turcici in Almaigne accordingly Turckischer Cucumeren Torcksche Cōcommeren The seconde kinde of Pepons is called Pepo or Cucumis marinus of some Zuccomarin in French Concombre marin Pompons Turquins in Douch Zee Concommere in Englishe Pompons or Melons we may also name them Sea Cucumbers or Turkie Pompons The thirde kinde whiche is the large Pompone is for the same cause called Pepones lati Broade Pepons in Douche Breede Pepoenen and of some Torcksche Meloenen that is to say Turkie Melons †The Nature The garden Melons or Pompons are colde and moyst but not so moyst as the Cucumbers †The Vertues The fruit of the garden Pepon is not often eaten raw but wel boyled with good flesh or sweete milke for being so prepared it is better and lesse hurtfull than the Cucumber and is good for suche as haue a hoate stomacke The flesh or substance of Pepons finely stamped doth swage and heale the inflammations of the eye if it be layde vnto them and being bound to the forehead it stoppeth the falling downe of humours into the eyes The seede of Pepons powned with meale and their owne iuyce doth beautifie the face for it taketh away freckles and alspottes of the face if the place be well rubbed with it in the Sonne The quantitie of a dramme of the dried roote taken with meade or honied water maketh one to vomite The same layde to with honie healeth the sores of the heate whiche be full of corruption and filthy matter Of Citrulle Cucumber Chap. xxx †The Description THe Citrul or Citrō Cucumber is also a kind of Cucumber hauing rounde rough stalkes full of Capreoles or clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh hold vpon hedges and stakes The leaues be al iagged
sowe it in their gardens †The Tyme This Parsely flowreth in Iuly and in August the seede is rype †The Names This Parsely is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equapium and Olusatrum of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Smyrnium and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Apium syluestre and of the later writers Petroselinum Alexandrinum in shoppes not without errour Petroselinum Macedonicum for it hath no similitude at all with the Parsely of Macedonie in Frenche Grand Persil or Grand Ache or Alexandre in high Douche Grosz Eppich or Grosz Epffich in base Almaigne Groote Eppe in English Alexanders ¶ The Nature This Parsely in temperament is hoate and drie like the others †The Vertues The seede of the great Parsely dronken alone or with honyed water bringeth to women their desyred sicknesse dissolueth windinesse and grypinges of the belly it warmeth the astonied members or limmes taken with colde and bruysing shiueringes or shakinges that come with extreame colde and is good against the strangurie The roote of the great Parsely breaketh and driueth foorth the stone causeth one to make water and is good against the paines of the raines and ache in the sides To conclude the seede of great Parsely is of lyke vertue to the seede of the garden Parsely and in all thinges better and more conuenient then the common Parsely seede Of wilde Parsely Chap. xlvi †The Description THE herbe which we in folowing the auncient Theophrastus do cal wilde Ache or Parsely hath large leaues al iagged cut and vittered muche lyke the leaues of the wilde Carrot but larger The stalkes be rounde and holow of foure or fiue foote long of a browne red colour next the grounde at the top of them growe spokie rundels or rounde tuffetes with white flowers after them commeth a flat rough seede not muche vnlyke the sede of Dyl but greater The roote is parted into two or three long rootes the whiche doo growe very seldome downewardes but most commonly are founde lying ouerthwarte and alongst here and there and are hoate and burning vpon the tongue The whole herbe both stalkes leaues is full of white sappe lyke to the Tithymales or Spurges the whiche commeth foorth when it is broken or pluckt ¶ The Place This herbe is founde in this Countrie in moyst places about pondes and alongst by diches neuerthelesse it is not very common †The Tyme The wilde Parsely flowreth in Iune and his seede is ripe in Iuly ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apium syluestre that is to say Wilde Parsely in Frenche Persil or Ache sauuage in high Douche Wilder Eppich or Epffich in base Almaigne Wilde Eppe Of this herbe Theophrastus writeth in his vij booke the iiij Chap. saying that the wilde Parsely hath red stemmes And Dioscorides in his third booke the lxvij Chap. In some shops of this Countrie it is called Meum they vse the rootes of this Parsely in steede of Meum †The Nature The wilde Parsely and specially the roote thereof is hoate and drye in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of wilde Parsely holden in the mouth chewed appeaseth the rigour of the tooth ache and draweth abundance of humours froÌ„ the braine Apium syluestre Of water Parsly Chap. xlvij †The Kyndes THere is founde in this Countrie two kyndes of this herbe one great the other smal the which do differ but onely in figure and that is long of the diuersite of the places where as it groweth for the one is changed into the other wheÌ„ as it is remoued froÌ„ one place to another That is to say that which groweth alwayes in the water becommeth smal being planted vpon the lande or dâ—ie grounde and on the contrarie that whiche groweth vppon the drie land becommeth great being planted in the water so that to say the trueth these two herbes are but all one which doth not only happen to this herbe but also to diuers others that grow in the waters or moyst medowes †The Description THE great water Parsely hath round holow smooth brittel stalkes long leaues made fashioned of diuers little leaues standing directly one agaynst another and spread abrode like winges wherof each litle leafe by it selfe is playne and smooth and snipt about the edges lyke to a sawe At the top of the stalkes growe litle spokie rundels with white flowers The roote is ful of hearie threds it putteth foorth on the sides new springs al the herbe is of a stronger pleasanter sauour then any of the kindes of Parsely being brused rubbed betwixt the handes doth smell almost like Petrolium The lesser water Parsely in sent is lyke to the abouesayde his stalkes be lykewise holowe but smaller The leaues be not lyke to the greater but drawing neare to the leaues of Cheruill but yet more tenderer and more mangled pounsed or iagged the smal flowers be white and do also growe in litle round tuftes and shadowie or spokie circles growing thicke and neare throng togither The roote is ful of threddy stringes and doth lykewyse put foorth diuers newe springes or branches the whiche do stretche and spreade abroade vppon the grounde and cleaue fast to the grounde taking roote here and there Lauer Crateuae Great water Parsely Lauer minus Small water Parsely Iuncus adoratus †The Place The greater water Parsely groweth in diches and pondes The lesser groweth in moyst medowes that stande lowe and waterie not very farre from pooles and standing waters yet sometimes lykewise therein †The Tyme Water Parsely flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first herbe shoulde seeme to be a kind of that which is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lauer and Sium in Frenche Berle in high Douche Wass Epffich in base Almaigne Water Eppe that is to say Ache or water Parsely Turner and Cooper do call it Sallade Parsely Yellow water cresses and Bell ragges The seconde is lykewise a kinde of Sium as namely that whiche is called Iuncus odoratus And yet it is not the vpright Iuncus for this is but named for a likenesse vnto it bycause that his stalkes be like rushes and it hath a pleasant smell †The Nature and Vertues Without doubt this herbe is of complexion hoate and drie and in vertue lyke to the other Sium Of Bastarde Parsley Chap. xlviij †The Description CAucalis is a hearie herbe somwhat rough not much vnlike Carrot The leaues be almost lyke the leaues of Coriander but disembred and parted into smaller iagges or frengis At the toppe of the branches growe shadowy bushes or spoke rundels with white flowers whose greatest blades or leaues are turned outwardes The seede is long and rough like Carrot seede but greater then Commin seede †The Place This herbe is founde in this Countrie in the Menze of Corne feeldes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and within short space after the
rounder The flowers grow at the top of the stalkes of the fashion of a single Rose whereof the male kinde is of colour red and the femall white at the last they change into knoppes or huskes in whiche the seede is conteyned Wheras Cistus groweth naturally of his owne kind ther is foūd a certaine excrescence or outgrowing about the roote of this plant which is of colour somtimes yellow sometimes white and sometimes greene out of the whiche is a certaine iuyce taken out by art that which they vse in shops is called Hypocistis The second kind of Cistus which is also called Ledon is a plant of a wooddy substance growing like a litle tree or shrubbe with soft leaues in figure not muche vnlyke the others but longer and browner Cistus non ladanifera Cistus cum Hypocistide †The Place The first kinde of Cistus whose figure we set foorth here for your better vnderstanding groweth in sundrie places of Italy Sicile Candie Ciprus Languedoc many other hoate Countries in rough stony vntoyled places The seconde kinde is often found in Crete Ciprus and also in Languedoc †The Tyme The first kinde of Cistus floweth in Iune and sometimes sooner The seconde Cistus flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in the spring time immediatly after the leaues fal of about sommer it recouereth newe leaues againe vpon the whiche leaues about midsomer and in the hoatest dayes is founde a certayne fatnesse the which is diligently gathered and dried to make that gumme whiche they call Ladanum ⧠The Names The first kinde of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cistus and Cistus non Ladanifera of Scribonius Largus Rosa syluatica That which groweth about the roote of Cistus is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some Erythanon and Cytinus out of this they drawe foorth a sappe or liquor the which they call Hypocistis and in shoppes Hypoquistidos The second kind of Cistus is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ledum Ladum and of the later writers Cistus Ladanifera The fat dewe or liquor whiche is gathered from the leaues is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ladanum and in Shoppes Lapadanum †The Nature The flowers and leaues of Cistus are drie in the seconde degree and somewhat astringent That whiche groweth about the rootes is of lyke temperature but more astringent Ladanum is ful hoate in the first degree and reacheth neare vnto the second and is somewhat drie and astringent †The Vertues The flowers of Cistus boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth the laske and all other issue of blood and it dryeth vp all superfluous moysture aswell of the stomacke as other partes of the belly The leaues of Cistus do cure heale smal woundes being laid therevpon Hypocistis stoppeth all laskes and fluxes of the belly is of a stronger operation then the flowers or leaues of Cistus wherfore it cureth the bloody flixe and all other fluxes especially the superfluous flowing of womens flowers Ladanum dronken with olde wine stoppeth the laske and prouoketh vrine It is very good agaynst the hardnesse of the matrix or mother layde to in manner of a pessarie and it draweth downe the secondes or after birth when it is layde vpon quicke coles and the fumigation or parfume therof be receiued vp into the body of women The same applied to the head with Myrrhe and oyle of Myrrhe cureth the scurffe called Alopecia and keepeth the heare from falling of but wheras it is alredy fallen away it will not cause the heare to growe agayne Ladanum dropped into the eares with honyed water or oyle of Roses healeth the payne of the same If it be layde to with wine vpon the scarres or sores of woundes it taketh them away It is also very profitably mixt with al oyntmentes and playsters that serue to heate soften and asswage paynes and suche as be made to lay to the breast against the cough Of the Gramble or Glackebery bushe Chap. iiij ¶ The Kindes The Bramble is of two sortes as Ruelius writeth the great and the smal †The Description THE great Bramble hath many long slender branches or shutes full of sharpe prickley thornes whereby it taketh holde and teareth the garmentes of such as go neare about thē The leaues are not smoth but crompled or frompled and deepely cut rounde about the edges of colour white vnderneath and browne aboue The flowers be white not much vnlyke the flowers of Strawberies after commeth the fruit of a swart red colour at the first but afterwarde it is blacke and it consisteth of diuers beries clustering togither not muche vnlyke the Mulberie but smaller and ful of of a redde wynie sappe or iuyce The lesser Brambles are muche lyke to the greater but this creepeth most commonly vppon the ground with his shutes and branches and taketh roote easily in diuers places incroching grounde with the toppes of his branches The branches or shutes of this Bramble be also set with prickley thornes but the thornes or prickles be not so sharpe the fruite is also like to a smal Mulberie but lesser then the fruite of the other The rootes of both kinds do put foorth many slender shutes and branches the whiche do creepe and trayle alongst the grounde †The Place Brambles do grow much in the feelds and pastures of this Country and in the wooddes and Copses and such other couert places †The Tyme The Bramble bush flowreth frō May to Iuly and the fruite is ripe in August ⧠The Names The Bramble especially the greater sort is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rubus and Sentis in high Douche Bremen in base Almaigne Breemē Braemen in Englishe the Bramble or blacke berie bushe in Frenche Rouc◠The fruit of the same is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Morum rubi Vacinia in shops Mora bati and of some ignorant people Mora bassi in Frenche Meure de Rouce or Meurons in high Douch Brombeer in base Almaigne Braēbesien and Haghebesien in Englishe Bramble beries and blacke beries Rubus The Bramble The lesser berie is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamębatus that is to say in Latine Humirubus and the fruite is called in Frenche Catherine in Englishe a heare Bremble or heath Bramble a Cocolas panter and of some a bryer The fruite is called a Dewberie or blackberie ¶ The Nature The tender springes and newe leaues of the Bramble are colde and drie almost in the thirde degree and astringent or binding and so is the vnripe fruite The ripe fruite is somewhat warme and astringent but not so much as the vnrype fruite ⧠The Vertues The newe springes of the Bramble do cure the euill sores and hoate vlcers of the mouth and throte also the swellinges of the gummes Almondes of the throte and the vuula if they be holden
is lyke to the common Broome but not so strong Of Furze or Thorne Broome Chap. ix †The Description THE Furze or prickley Broome hath many twigges or smal branches of a wooddishe substance the whiche in the beginning being yet but young and tender are full of litle greene leaues amongst which grow small thornes the whiche be soft and tender and not very prickley but when as the twigges or branches are aboue one yere old then are they for the most part cleane without leaues and then do their thornes waxe harde and sharpe with cruel prickles Amongst the little small leaues are the flowers of a faynte or pale yellowe colour and in shape and proportion like to Broome flowers but muche smaller after the whiche come small coddes full of rounde reddishe seede The roote is long and plyant The plant whiche the Brabanders do call Gaspeldoren should seeme to be a kinde of thornie Broome the whiche is rough and very full of prickles and bringeth foorth straight springes or shutes of a wooddish substance and without leaues set thicke and ful of long sharpe pinnes or prickles very rough boysteous harde and pricking amongst which growe small yellowe flowers and afterwarde coddes like to the Broome flowers or coddes The rootes be long growing ouerthwartly in the ground and almost as plyant and limmer as the roote of Rest harrow or Cammocke Genistilla Thorne Broome Genista spinosa Furze †The Place Furze or thorne Broome groweth in vntoyled places by the way sides and is founde in in many places of Brabant and Englande The common or great Furze groweth also in the lyke places and is founde in certayne places of Campany Brabant Italy Fraunce Buscaye and Englande †The Time Thorne Broome flowreth in May and Iune At the same time flowreth the common Furze †The Names The firste plante is called of the later writers in Latine Genistella and Genestalla that is to say the small Broome in high Douche Erdtfrymmen of some Klein Streichblumen and Stechende Pfrymmen in base Almaigne Stekende Brem in Englishe Thornebroome And bycause the seconde kind in his flowers cods is like Broome it should therefore seeme to be a prickley and wilde kind of Broome wherfore it may be called in Latine Genista spinosa and Genista fyluestris they call it in Frenche Du ionc marin in base Almaigne Gaspeldoren in Englishe the common Whyn or great Furze This is not Tragacantha that is to say Hirci spina or Paliurus as some do thinke nor yet Nepa or Scorpius †The Nature Furze but especially the leaues are of nature drie and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Furze boyled in wine or water and dronken do stop the excessiue course of womens flowers and the laske also The seede dronken in wine is good against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Of Cammocke / Reste Harrow / or Pety Whyn Chap. x. †The Description CAmmocke or ground Furze hath many small lythey or weake branches set full of swarte greene and roundish leaues and sharpe stiffe prickley thornes amongst whiche are sweete smelling flowers lyke Pease flowers or blowinges most commonly of a purple or carnatiō colour somtimes all white and sometimes yellowe lyke Broome flowers but that it is very seldome seene or found after the flowers come small coddes or huskes ful of brode flat seede The roote is long and very limmer spreading his brāches both large and long vnder the earth and doth oftentimes let hinder staye both the plough and Oxen in toyling the ground for they be so tough and limmer that the share colter of the plough cannot easily diuide and cut them asunder †The Place Cammocke or ground Furze is found in some places of Brabant and England about the borders of fertill feeldes and good pastures †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iune Anonis †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anonis Ononis of the later writers Arrestabouis Restabouis Remora aratri of some also Acutella of Cratenas Aegopyros in Frēch Arreste beuf in high Douch Hawhechel Ochsenbrech and Stalkraut in base Almaigne Prangwortel Stalcruyt in Englishe Rest Harrow Cammocke Whyn Pety Whyn or ground Furze †The Nature The roote of Rest Harrow is drie in the third degree and somwhat hoate †The Vertues The barke of the roote taken with hony prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone The decoction or broth of the same sodde in wine and dronken hath the same vertue The same broth boyled in hony and vineger is good to be dronken against the falling euill as Plinie writeth The same boyled in water and vineger and holden in the mouth whyles it is is warme cureth the tooth ache The tender springes and croppes before they bring foorth leaues preserued and kept in brine or salt are good to be eatē in salades for they prouoke vrine and bring foorth the stone and grauell being sometimes vsed to be eaten Of Whortes and Whortelberies Chap. xi ¶ The Kindes There be two sortes of Whortes and Whortel beries wherof the common sort are blacke and the other are red Vacinia rubra Red Whortes Vacinia nigra Blacke Whortes †The Description THE plant which bringeth foorth blacke Whortes is base and lowe of a wooddish substance bringing forth many branches of the length of a foote or somwhat more the leaues be round of a darke greene colour lyke to the leaues of Boxe or Myrtel the which at the comming of winter do fall away as the leaues of other trees and at the spring time there come forth agayne new leaues out of the same brāches The flowers be round and holowe open before and grow alongest the branches amongst the leaues The fruite is round greene at the first then red and at the last when it is ripe it is blacke and ful of liquer of a good and pleasant taste The roote is slender long and souple Of this sorte there are founde some that beare white Berries when they be rype howbeit they are but seldome seene The plant that bringeth foorth red wortes in his growing and branches is like to that which beareth the blacke berries or whortes sauing that the leaues be greater and harder almost lyke the leaues of a great boxe bush they abide the winter without falling away or perishing The flowers be of a Carnation colour long and round and do growe in clusters at the toppe of the branches The fruite is red but els not muche vnlyke the other in taste rough and astringent or binding and not altogither so full of liquer as the blacke Whorte The roote is of a wooddy substance and long Amongst these Whortes or Whortel berries we may reckē those which the Germaynes or Almaignes doo call Veenbesien that is to say Marrishe or Fenberries of whiche the stalkes be smal short limmer tender creeping and almost layde flatte vpon the grounde beset and deckt with smal narrow leaues
grauitas inest Ruceros foenum gracum Quaedā cùm virent non olent propter humorem nimium vt buceros quod est foenum graecum Acutus odor non omnium sine succo est vt violae rosae croco Quae verò ex acutis succo carent eorum omnium odor grauis vt in lilio vtriusque generis Abrotonum amaracus acres habent odores Quorundam flos tantum iucundus reliquae partes ignauae vt violae ac rosae Hortēsium odoratissima quae sicca vt ruta menta apium quae in siccis nascuntur Quędam vetustate odoratiora vt cotonea cademque decerpta quam in suis radicibus Quędam non nisi defracta aut ex attritu olent Alia non nisi detracto cortice Quędam verò non nisi vsta sicut thura myrrhęque Flore◠triti omnes amariores quà m intacti Aliqua arida diutius odorem continent vt melilotos Quedam locum ipsum odoratiorem faciunt vt iris quin arborem to tam cuiuscumque radices attingunt Hesperis noctu magis olet inde nomine inuento Animalium nullum odoratum nisi de partheris quicquam dictum est si credimus Quibus temporibus maxime legendae sunt herbae ex Dioscoridis praefatione VERVMIN PRIMIS curam impendere oportet vt suis temporibus singula demetantur recondantur Intempestiuè enim decerpta conditáue aut nullo aut euanido munere funguntur Serena etenim coeli constitutione demetenda sunt Magni siquidem refert inter colligendum si vel squallores vel imbres infesti sint quemadmodum si loca in quibus prodeunt cliuosa ventis exposita sint perflata frigidaque aquis carentia in his enim locis vires eorum longè validiores intelliguntur Contrà quae in campestribus riguis opacis ceterisque locis à vento silentibus enascuntur plaerunque degenerant minus viribus valent multoue magis si non suis horis peropportunè colligantur aut si per imbecillitatem intabuerint Neque ignorandum quod sępe pręcoci aut serotina loci natura aut anni clementia maturius aut celerius adolescūt Nonnulla propria vi hyeme florent folia pariunt quędam bis anno florifera Quare cui in animo est horum peritiā assequi necesse est ijs prima germinatione solo emergentibus adultis senescentibus adesse Nam qui pullulanti herbę duntaxat astiterit adultam cognoscere non potest neque qui adultam tantum inspexerit nuper erumpentem noscet Quo fit vt propter mutatam foliorum faciem caulium proceritates florum seminisue magnitudinem nonnulli qui olim has aetatum varietates non perspexerunt magno in errore versentur Quae caussa etiam nonnullis scriptoribus imposuit qui herbas quasdam verbi gratia Gramen Quinquefolium Tussilaginem emittere florem fructum caulem negant Ergo qui saepius ad visendas herbas earum loca se contulerint earum cognitionem maximè consequetur Scire etiamnum conuenit sola ex herbaceis medicaminibus Veratri genera nigrum inquam candidum multis edurare annis reliqua à trimatu inutilia Quę verò ramis scatent sicut Stichas Trixago Polium Abrotonū Seriphium Absynthium Hyssopum alia id genus semine pręgnantia demetantur Flores quoque antea quà m sponte sua desidant Fructus autem vt maturi excutiantur necesse est semina vbi siccari coeperint priusquā defluant Herbarum succus foliorum elici debet germinantibus ad huc cauliculis Lac lachrymae excipiantur inciso per adolescentiam caule Radices liquamenta corticésue vt recondantur eximere conuenit cùm herbę suis folijs exuuntur Siccantur etiam expurgatae inibi locis asperginem non redolentibus sed quae luto aut puluere funt obsitae aqua elui debent Flores omnia quae iucundum odorem efflant arculis tiliaceis nullo situ obductis reponantur Nonnunquam charta aut folijs semina vt perennent aptè inuoluuntur Liquidis medicaminibus densior materia argentea vitrea aut cornea conuenit Fictilis etiamsi modò rara non sit accommodatur lignea praesertim è buxo sed aenea vasa liquidis oculorum medicamentis quae aceto pice liquida aut cedria componuntur A dipem autem medullas stagneis vasis recondi conuenit ⧠The first parte of the Historie of Plantes / Conteyning the kyndes and differences / with the proper Figures and liuely descriptions of sundry sortes of Herbes and Plantes / their naturall places / times / and seasons Their names in sundry languages / and also their temperature / Complexions / and vertuous operations Compiled by the learned D. Remberte Dodoens now Physition to the Emperour his Maiestie Of Sothrenwood Chap. i. †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Sothrenwood as Dioscorides sayth the one called female Sothrenwood or the great Sothrenwood the other is the male kinde or small Sothrenwood and are both meetely common in this Contrie Abrotonum foemina Great Sothrenwood Abrotonum mas Small Sothrenwood †The Description THe great Sothrenwood doth oftētimes surmount the heigth or stature of a tal man especially being well guyded stayed in the growing vp so that it seemeth as a littell tree his twigges branches be hard about the which there groweth many small grayish leaues much cut and iagged the whiche do perish and vade in winter like the leaues of diuers other trees and do renew and spring againe in Aprill The flowres be like vnto small buttons yellow as golde growing alongst the braunches like Wormwood floures The small Sothrenwood doth neuer grow very highe his braunches or twigges are small weke and slender for the most parte so springing vp from the roote The leaues be greener longer tenderer and more iagged and cut than the leaues of the great Sothrenwood the whiche do vade and fall of at winter renew and spring againe in May out of the same old branches also frō the new springs It doth seldom flower in this countrey it is of a stronger fauour then the great Sothrenwood The roote is tender creeping alongst the groūd about the which there cōmeth forth diuers outgrowings new springs Besides the two forenamed there is founde a thirde kinde the whiche is much like the smal Southrenwood in his growing branches but his leaues are like the great Southernwood sauing that they be somwhat tenderer and not so white This kinde is of a very pleasant sauour not muche vnlike the smell of garden Cypres Wherof shal be written in his conuenient place †The Place The two first kinds grow not in this countrey but only in gardens whereas they are planted neither the thirde kinde whiche is more seldome founde and lesse knowen then the other †The Tyme They flower in August and their seede may be gathered in September †The Names Southrenwood is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Abrotonum in Italion and Spanish Abrotano yet some of them call it Hyerua Lombriguera in high Douch Stabwurtz Gertwurtz Garthagen Shoswurtz Kuttelkraut Affrusch in base Almaigne Aueroone in French Auronne The great Southrenwood is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum foemina that is to say female Southrenwood in french Auronne femelle in high douch Stabwurtz weiblin in base Almaigne Aueroone wijfkē The small Southrenwood is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum mas in French Aronne masle in high Douch Stabwurtz menelin in base Almaigne Aueroone manneken and clein Aueroone The thirde kinde seemeth to be that whiche Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum Siculum which is a kinde of female Southrenwood the highe Almaignes do call it Wolrieckende Stabwurtz that is to say sweete smelling or sauering Southrenwood ⧠The Nature All the Sothrenwoods are hoate dry in the third degree of subtill parts †The Vertues The seede of Sothrenwood either greene or drie made into pouder or boyled in water or wine dronken is very good and greatly helpeth suche as are troubled with shortnesse of winde and fetching of breath by meanes of any obstruction or stopping about the Breast and is good against the hardnesse bursting shrinking of Sinewes It is good against the Sciatica the difficultie and stopping of vrine and for women that cannot easily haue their termes or natural floures for by his subtill nature it hath power to expell waste cōsume and digest all colde moysture and tough slime and fleume stopping the splene kidneys bladder and Matrix Sothrenwood dronken in wine is good against such venome as is hurtfull vnto man and destroyeth wormes The perfume thereof driueth away all venemouse beastes and so doth the hearbe in all places whereas it is layde or strowen The asshes of Sothrenwood mingled with the oyles of Palma Christi rapes or old oyle Oliue restoreth the heare fallen from the head if the head be rubbed therewithall twise a day in the Sunne or against a fyre If the saide asshes be mingled with any the aforesaide oyles the chinne be rubbed therewithall it causeth the bearde to come forth speedely Sothrenwood pounde with a rosted Quince laide to the eyes in manner of a plaister is very good profitable against all the inflammation of the eyes The same pounde with Barley meale and boyled togither dothe dissolue waste all colde humours or swellings being applied or layde therevpon Sothrenwood stieped or soked in oyle is profitable to rubbe or annoint the body against the benomming of members taken with colde and the brusing or shyuering coldes that come by fittes like as in Agues Plinie writeth that if it be layde vnder the bedde pillow or bolster it prouoketh carnall copulation resisteth all enchantments which may let or hinder such businesse the inticements to the same †The Daunger Sothrenwood is a very hurtfull enimie to the stomacke wherefore Galen the chiefest of Physitions neuer gaue the same to be receiued into the body Of Wormwood Chap. ij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Wormwood as Dioscorides saithe The first is our cōmon Wormwood The second is sea Wormwood the thirde kinde is that which is called Santonicum And bysides these there is founde an other kinde which is called in this countrey Romaine wormwood Absynthium Latifolium Common Wormwood Seriphium Sea Wormwood †The Description THe cōmon Wormwood hath leaues of a grayishe asshe colour very much cut iagged very bitter The stalke is of a wooddy substance of two cubites high or more full of braunches alongst the braunches groweth litle yellow buttons wherin when they are ripe ready to fall is found small seede like to the seede of garden Tansie but farre smaller The roote is likewise of a wooddy substance and full of small threedes or hearie rootes There is also founde in the gardens of some Herboristes of this countrey an other forte of this kinde of Wormwood the whiche is named of some men Absynthiū Ponticum much like to our cōmon wormwood sauing the leaues are much more iagged and finelier cut and not so bitter at the least way as that whiche is set and sowen in this countrey The second kinde whiche is the Sea Wormwood is also of a whitishe or gray colour and hath many whitish leaues much like to cōmon Wormwood but much smaller tenderer and whiter finelier cut it hath many floures like to small buttons the seede ioyning to the braunches like as in the common Wormwood It groweth to the heigth of a foote and halfe or more it is of a strong smell salt of a straunge bitter taste being gathered in his naturall proper place but being remoued into gardens or into groundes which are naturally holpē with sweete waters it doth maruelously alter both in sauour nature as diuers other herbes but especially such as grow in salt groundes are remoued frō their naturall soyle to some other place of a cōtrary kinde The thirde kinde of Wormwood called Santonicum is almost like to Sea Wormwood in his small tender and iagged leaues but the colour of this is whiter and the smell thereof is not so ranke WOrmwood Romayne is like the Wormwood aforesaide sauing that it is lower and smaller the leaues be also smaller and finer and not so white as the cōmon Wormewood but chaunging more towardes greene yet they turne somwhat grayish and ashe coloured It putteth forth yellow buttons the whiche afterwarde do bring forth both floures seede The roote is full of hearie threedes trayling here and there and putting foorth on euery side much encrease of new springs The fifth kinde of Wormwood is like vnto Sea Wormwood in his smal and tender leaues also it is like in the stalke of floures but it is of a sadde or deeper colour and it hath neyther bitter taste nor sauour The sixth kinde of Wormwood his leaues be long and narrow and of a whitish colour muche like the leaues of Lauender and somwhat like it also in sauour The stalkes also be of wooddishe substance in the toppes whereof there groweth both floures and seede like as in the reste of the Wormwoodes but smaller Absynthiū Pōticum Galeni Wormwood gentle / or Romayne †The Place The common Wormwood groweth naturally in stony places and rough mountaynes in dry rude vntoyled places There is plentie of it in many places of this countrey Sea wormwood groweth in salte ground and in places adioyning to the Sea It groweth plentifully in Zeland and Flaunders alongst the sea coast and in some places of Brabant as about Barowgh The third kind groweth in some places of Zwiserland vnder the hilles or at the foote of mountaines as Conrade Gesner that famous Clerke writeth Wormwood Romayne groweth plentifully in Hungarie places neare about Constantinople in some places of Almaigne
The common Herboristes do call it in Latine Veronica in high Douch Erenbreisz mennlin and Grundheyl in base Almaigne Eerenprijs manneken The second is called Veronica foemina of the Latinistes in Frenche Veronique femelle in high Douch Erenbreisz weiblin in base Almaigne Eerenprijs wijfken †The Nature Veronica or Paules Betony is dry and somewhat hoate †The Vertues Veronica as Paule witnesseth is specially good for the stoppings paynes of the kidneys The Decoction of Veronica dronken doth soder and heale all fresh and old woundes and clenseth the bloud from all euill corruptions and from all rotten and aduste humors and for that cause it is good to be dronken for the kidneys and against scuruinesse and foule spredding Tetters and consuming or fretting sores the small Pockes and Meselles The water of Veronica distilled with wine and so often new drawen vntill it waxe of a reddish colour is much vsed against an old Cough the drynesse and harmes of the lunges for men say that it will heale all vlcers inflammations and harmes of the Pulme or Lunges The Female Veronica is of the like operation but much weaker and not so good as the Male. Of Ground Pyne / or Iua Moscata Chap. xviij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of the herbe called in Latine ChamÄ™pitys as Dioscorides sayth the one like the other in smell and fasshion ChamÄ™pitys prima The first Grounde Pyne ChamÄ™pitys altera The second Ground Pyne †The Description THe first kinde of these herbes is a small herbe and tender creping vpon the ground it hath small braunches something croked the leaues be small narrow hearie of the sauour of the Pyne or Fyrre tree The floures be small pale yellow or white the roote is sleight or single of wooddy substaÌ„ce The second hath also small braunches browne hearie and tender croking in after the fasshion of an ancker out of which braunches groweth small hearie leaues much clouen and cut crosse wise The little floures be of a purplishe colour and grow about the stalkes in tuffes like garlaÌ„ds or crownets The seede is blacke and rounde and the whole plante sauoureth like to the other The thirde is the least of all and hath small white rough leaues the floures be yellow and in smell like to the others †The Place These herbes loue to growe in stony groundes and mountaynes in this countrey it is sowen and set in gardens †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names These three herbes be all called by one Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aiuga Abiga and Ibâ—ga in shoppes Iua and Iua Artetica or Iua moscata in Spanishe Pinillo in English also Chamaepitys GrouÌ„d Pyne Herbe Iue Forget me not field Cypres in Frenche Iue musquée in highe Douch Velt Cypres of some Hoe langher hoe lieuer †The Nature They are hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ChamÄ™pitys tertia The third Ground Pyne ⧠The Vertues The leaues of Chamaepitys droÌ„ken in wine by the space of seuen dayes healeth the Iaundes dronken with Meade or Melicrat by the space of fortie dayes it healeth the Sciatica that is to say the payne of the hippe or hocklebone It is also good against the stoppings of the liuer the difficultie of vrine and causeth women to haue their termes or naturall sicknesse ChamÄ™pitys greene pound and mengled with Honie and layde vpon great woundes and virulent and corrupt vlcers cureth the same Also the same being greene pound and layde to womens breasts or pappes dissolueth the hardnesse of the same And being ordered as is beforesaide and layde to the bytings or stingings of Serpents Vipers and such other venemouse beasts is of great vertue and much profitable against the same The DecoctioÌ„ of ChamÄ™pitys dronken dissolueth clottie congeled bloud And the same boyled in vineger and dronken deliuereth the dead childe If the body be rubbed or annoynted with the iuyce thereof it causeth much sweating The like vertue haue the two other kindes but it is weaker and not of so great efficacy Of lauender Cotton / or Garden Cypres Chap. xix †The Kyndes THere be sundry sortes of garden Cypres growing in the gardens of this countrey †The Description THe first and the most coÌ„mon Cypres is a small tree or shrubbe of wooddy substance with vpright braunches bringing forth small narrow long and rouÌ„d ragged or purled leaues at the top of the braunches or stems groweth fayre Orenge-colour floures like the floures of Tansey but greater The roote is of wooddy substance with many strings or threddes hanging at it The other Cypres is much like to the first in stalkes leaues floures fasshion sauing that the braunches that bare the leaues are smaller set or couered with long small leaues the floures be paler smaller and the whole herbe is not of so strong a sauour but smelleth more gentilly and pleasantly The third kind his leaues be smaller shorter almost like the leaues of heath The fourth kinde his leaues be more single and like the leaues of the Cypresse tree but they are white The fifth hath softe wollie leaues as it were layde with a certayne downe or fine Cotton with stalkes creeping aloÌ„gst the ground The floures of these three kindes are not vnlike the floures of the first kinde Chamaecyparissus †The Place They grow not in this couÌ„trey but in the gardens where as they are plaÌ„ted †The Tyme They do both floure in Iuly and August †The Names Plinie calleth this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Chamaecyparissus some of the later writers do call it Santolina and Camphorata vnknowen in shoppes some call it in English Lauender Cotton and som Garden Cypres in French Cypres de iardyn in Douch Cypres The others without doubte are of the kindes of Cypres and not Cedre as some call it The seede of this herbe is called in shoppes Semen coÌ„tra lumbricos Semen Santonici Semen sanctum †The Nature It is hoate and very dry †The Vertues Plinie writeth that Chamaecyparissus droÌ„ken in wine is good against Serpents and Scorpions and other kinde of poyson Of Celandine / Figworte / and Marshe Marigolde Chap. xx †The Kindes THere be two kindes of the herbe called in Greeke Chelidonium wherof the one is the great Celandyne the other is small Celandyne in Latine Strophularia minor Chelidonium maius Great Celandyne Chelidonium minus Small Celandyne †The Description GReat Celandyne hath a tender stalke round hearie and full of braunches euery braunche hauing diuers ioyntes and knottes The leaues much like vnto Colombyne but tenderer deeper iagged or cut of a grayish colour by one side and greene vpon the other side somewhat drawing towards blew The floure is at the toppe of the braunches fayre and yellow like the wall Gyllofer turneth into long coddes or huskes in them is the seede whiche is small and pale All
Sterrewurte in French Aspergoutte menue or Estoille in high Douch Megerkraut Scartenkraut and Sternkraut in base Almaigne Sterrecruyt †The Nature It doth refresh and coole and is almost of temperature like the Rose †The Vertues It is very good against the ouer much heate and burning of the stomake being layde to outwardly vpon the same And being greene stamped and layd to the botches or impostumes about the share or priuie members preuayleth much against the same It helpeth and swageth the rednesse and inflammation of the eyes and fundament or siege and the falling downe of the Arse gutte The blew of the floure dronken in water is good to be giuen to yong children against the Squinancie and the falling sicknesse Some men say that this herbe putteth away all tumors swellings of the siege share and fundament yea whan it is but onely carried about a man Of Pennywurte Chap. xxv †The Kyndes WE shall describe in this Chapter three sortes of Penniewurte or Cotyledon wherof two kindes were well knowen of the Auncients as they be also in many countries at this day The thirde bycause of a certayne similitude or likenesse that it hath with Pennywurte of the wall we do call water Pennywurte Cotyledon vera Wall Pennywurte Cotyledon altera Matthioli Thicke Pennywurte †The Description THe leafe of the first kind of Pennywurte is rounde and thicke much lyke to Iuie leaues but rounder somewhat bluntly indēted about with some hollownes or concauitie aboue a shorte stem vnderneath in the middell of the leafe The stalke is small and hollow aboute a spanne long with diuers littell long floures of a whitishe or incarnate colour The roote is white and rounde like an Olyue Cotyledon aquatica Water Pennywurte The second kinde hath brode thicke and somewhat rounde leaues spread abroade round about the stalke like to Syngreene or Houslike from the middell whereof springeth vp the tender stalke bearing small floures Water Pennywurte hath littell smothe leaues rounde and hollow aboue but not very much euen as it were a small shollow plate the stem is vnderneth in the middest of the leafe somewhat drawing to wardes the proportion of Wall Pennywurte but it is smaller smother and of a swarter colour and and somewhat deeper natched or dented but yet bluntly also The floures be very small and white and grow beneth or also vnder the leaues The rootes be smal and hearie creeping and putting forth vpon euery side many smal yong leaues †The Place Pennywurte as Plinie saith groweth in stonie places neare the Sea but it groweth not in many coūtreys except it be planted or set in gardens It groweth plētifully in some parts of England in Sommerset shyre about Welles Mountayne or Syngreene Pennywurte is a rare plante it groweth in some places of the Alpes and other mountaynes beyond the Sea Pennywurte of the water groweth plentifully in this countrey in low medowes and moyst valeys whereas water standeth in the winter †The Tyme Wall Pennywurte floureth in May Iune but Pennywurte of the water floureth in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Cotyledon and Vmbilicus veneris and Acetabulum And of Plinie Herba Coxendicum Iacobus de Manlijs in Luminari maiori calleth it Scatum Coeli Scatum cellus in Italian Ombilico di venere Cupertioule in Spanish Scudetes Coucillos Capadella Ombligo de venus in English great Pennywurte and wall Pennywurte in French Nombril de venus in base Almaigne Nauelcruyt The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cymbalium Acetabulum alterum Vmbilieus veneris alter in base Almaigne Dat ander or dat tweede Nauelcruyt in English the second Pennywurte and Mountayne Pennywurte Pennywurte of the water is called in the shops of this countrey Vmbilicus Veneris Scatū coeli although it is not the right kinde as is beforesayd that base Almaignes do call it Penninckcruyt in English Sheepe killing Pennygrasse †The Nature The wall Pennywurte which is the right kinde is cold moyst the Pennywurte of the water is not without heate as may be perceiued by the taste †The Vertues The iuyce of Pennywurte of the wall is a singular remedy against all inflāmation and hoate tumors S. Anthonies fire kybed heeles to be annoynted therewithall and being applied to the stomacke it refressheth the same The leaues and roote eaten do breake the stone prouoke vrine are good against the Dropsie The second kinde is of vertue like to the great Syngreene or Houselike The vertue of the water Pennywurte or Pēny grasse is not yet knowen albeit the ignorant Apothecaries do dayly vse it in steed of that right Cotyledon wherein they do naught and commit manifest errour for the right Cotyledon is the great Pennywurte called of some Pennywurte of the wall bycause it groweth euer in old walles stonie places But this groweth in low groūds and Marisshes and is a hurtefull herbe vnto Sheepe Of Orpyne Chap. xxvi †The Description ORpyne hath a roūd grosse brittell stem set full of thicke leaues grosse full of sappe somwhat dented about the edges At the top of that stalke groweth many fayre purple floures of fasihion like the floures of S. Iohns wurte called in Greeke Hypericum The roote is white and very knobby or knottie There is a kinde of this herbe whose floures are white and also a thirde kinde whose floures are yellow the residue is agreable to the first †The Place Orpyne proueth wel in moyst shadowy places The people of the countrey delight much to set it in pots shelles on Midsomer Euē or vpō timber slattes or trēchers dawbed with Clay so to set or hang it vp in their houses where as it remayneth greene a long season and groweth if it be somtimes ouer sprinckled with water †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in August Crassula maior †The Names They do now call this herbe Crassula maior some call it Fabaria Faba crassa in English Orpyne Liblong or Liue lōg in French Orpin Chicotrin in high Douch Mundkraut Knabenkraut Fotzlwang and Fortzwein in base Almaigne Mondencruyt and Smeerwortele Eufrasia †The Degree or Nature Orpyne cooleth in the thirde degree †The Vertues Orpyne in operation vertue is like to Houselike or Syngreene Of Eyebright Chap. xxvij †The Description EYebright is a proper small low herbe not aboue a span long ful of branches couered with little blackish leaues dēted or snipt roūd about like a saw the floures be small and white sprincled poudered within with yellow and purple speckes The roote is littell small and hearie There is yet an other herbe whiche some do call Eyebright although it be not the right Eyebright it groweth to the heygth of a foote or more The stalkes be round parted into many collaterall or side braunches vpon whiche are littell small leaues long and narrow most commonly
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
come to this herbe whersoeuer it be strowen or layde Of Petie Mulleyn / or the kindes of Primeroses Chap. lxxxiij †The Kyndes PEtie Mulleyn whiche we call Cowslippe and Primerose is of two sortes great and small The great is also of two sortes the one hath yellow sweete smelling floures the other hath pale floures The smaller sorte which we call Primerose is of diuers kindes as yellow and greene single and dubble Verbasculum odoratum Cowslippe Verbasculum album Oxelippe †The Description THe firste kinde of petie Mulleyn hath white leaues crumpled and wrinckled somwhat like to the leaues of Bittayne but whiter and greater and not so snipt or indented about the edges amongst the whiche there ariseth bare and naked stemmes of the length of a mans hande bearing at the toppe a bunch or as it were a bundell of nine or ten yellow floures of a good sauour and hanging lopping downewardes after whiche floures past ye shall finde in the huskes wherein they stoode littell long bulleyns wherein the seede is conteyned The roote is white and of threedy strings The Oxelip or the small kinde of white Mulleyn is very like to the Cowslippe aforesayde sauing that his leaues be greater and larger and his floures be of a pale or faynt yellow colour almost white and without sauour The Prymerose whiche is the very least smallest Mulleyn hath small whitishe or yellowish greene leaues in all partes like to the leaues of Oxelippe amongst the whiche there riseth vp littel fine hearie stemmes eche stemme bearing but one onely floure like to the floures of Oxelippe both in smell colour proportion The roote is also small and threedy like the roote of Oxelippe Of this kinde some be very fayre and dubbell There is yet an other sorte whiche is very like the laste recited kinde in all partes sauing that it bringeth forth greenish floures of colour like to the leaues of the Prymerose herbe or plante †The Place Cowslippes Oxelippes and Prymeroses grow in lowe moyst wooddes standing in the pendant or hanging of hilles and mountaynes and in certayne medowes The white is common in this coūtrey and so are al the rest especially the greene dubble kindes whiche are planted in gardens Verbasculum minus Prymerose †The Tyme These herbes do floure in April and somtimes also in March February †The Names The petie Mulleyns are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Verbascula in Shoppes Primulae veris and Herbae paralysis and of some Artheticae in English Cowslippes Primeroses Oxelips and dubble Cowslips Primeroses and Oxelips in high Douch Schlusselblumen in Brabant Sluetelbloemen The first kind is now called in Latine Herba S. Petri in English Cowslips in French of some Coquu prime vere Brayes de Coquu in high Douch Himelschlussel S. Peters kraut geel Schlusselblumen wolrieckende Schusselblumen in base Almaigne S. Peeters cruyt and welrieckende Sluetelbloemen The second kinde is called in Shoppes Primula veris Herba Paralysis in English Oxelips in high Douch wilde Schlusselblumen weis Himelschuslel in base Almaigne Witte Sluetelbloemen and of some witte Betonie The thirde kinde is called in Latine Verbasculum minus in Shops Primula veris minor in English Primerose and wood Primerose in base Almaygne cleyn witte Betonie or enkel Sluetelbloemen and cleyn Sluetelbloemen †The Nature The small or petie Mulleyns are dry in the third degree without any manifest heate †The Vertues The petie Mulleyns that is to say the Cowslips Primeroses Oxelips are now vsed dayly amongst other pot herbes but in Physicke there is no great accompt made of them They are good for the head synewes and haue other good vertues as Pena and Mattiolus write Of Aethiopis Chap. lxxxiiij †The Description AEthiopis hath great brode woolly leaues like to the leaues of Mulleyn but rougher better cottoned or frysed and not so rounde by the edges but more torne with deeper cuttes in aboute the borders and roundly spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the whiche there springeth vp a square rough hearie stalke diuiding it self abrode into sundry branches alōgst that which rounde aboute certayne ioynts it bringeth forth many white floures almost like to the floures of dead Nettell but a great deale bigger The roote is long and thicke lyke the roote of Mulleyn †The Place This herbe groweth not in this countrey but in the gardēs of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme Aethiopis floureth in May. †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Aethiopis and other name than Aethiopis we know not Aethiopis †The Nature Aethiopis is meanely hoate and dry †The Vertues Aethiopis is good for those that haue the Pleuresie and for such as haue their breasts charged with corrupt and rotten matter and for such as are greeued with the asperitie and roughnesse in the throote also against the Sciatica if one drinke the decoction of the roote thereof For the sayde diseases of the breast lunges it is good to licke oftentimes of a confection made with the roote of this herbe and hony Of Sage of Ierusalem Chap. lxxxv †The Description Pulmonaria SAge of Ierusalem hath rough hearie large browne greene leaues sprinckled with diuers white spots like drops of milke Amōgst the sayd leaues springeth vp certaine stalkes of a span lōg bearing at the top many fine floures growing togither in a bunch like Cowslip floures of colour at the first redde or purple and somtimes blew after the floures it bringeth foorth small buttons wherein is the seede The roote is blacke long and thicke with many threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst shadowie places is planted almost euery where in gardens †The Tyme It floureth betimes in March and Aprill and shortly after the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called of the Apothecaries and Herboristes of this countrey Pulmonaria Pulmonalis in Latine Pulmonis herba that is to say Lungewurt or the herbe for the lunges and of some it is called in Latine Symphitum Syluestre whiche may be Englisshed wilde Comfrey the Picards call it Herbe de cueur we call it in English Sage of Ierusalem Cowslip of Ierusalem in French Herbe aux poulmons in base Almaigne Onser vrouwen melck cruyt and Onser vrouwen spin that is to say Our Ladies Milkeworte bycause the leaues be full of white spottes as though they were sprinckled with milke There is yet an other Lungeworte whereof we shall write in the third Booke †The Nature and Vertues This herbe hath no particular vse in Physicke but it is much vsed in meates and Salades with egges as is also Cowslippes and Prymeroses whervnto in temperature it is much like Of Veruayne Chap. lxxrvi †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Veruayne the one called in Latine Verbena recta that is to say Vpright or straight Veruayne The other is called Verbena
supina that is to say Low and base Veruayne the whiche againe is diuided into two sortes the male and female †The Description THe straight or vpright Veruayne hath vpright and straight stemmes of the heigth of a foote and more full of braunches with small blewishe floures growing vpon the same The leaues be greene dented about and in some places deepely cut or torne lyke an Oken leafe The roote is short and hath many threedy strings Verbeneca recta Vpright Veruayne Hiera Botane mas Flat Veruayne Hiera Botane foemina The female flat or low Veruayne The flatte or creeping Veruayne hath tender hearie and square stalkes or branches of the length of a foote or a foote a halfe creeping by the grounde with roundish leaues dent or snipt round about like to Oken leaues or the leaues of Germander described in the xvj Chapter of this booke but far smaller then Oken leaues greater than the leaues of Germander the floures be fayre and blew growing alongst the branches at the top After which there commeth small flat coddes or pursses like the seede of Paules Betony whiche we cal Speede well The roote is thredy The second kinde of flatte or creeping Veruayne whiche is also the female low Veruayne is very like to the aforesayd so that as Plinie in the xix Chap. of his xxv booke writeth Some haue made no difference betwixt the Male and Female and to say the truth there is but small differēce betwixt these two herbes for the female is very wel like to the male aswell in stēs as in the leaues floures and rootes sauing that the stemmes of the female are rounder his leaues be somwhat smaller and hath more store of branches comming vp from the roote The floures also grow thicker or nearer togither than the floures of the male flat Veruayne †The Place The first kinde of Veruayne groweth in rude places about hedges walles wayes streates and diches The second kinde groweth in gardens and lowe shadowy places and of this forte the male is more common than the female †The Tyme The Veruaynes floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The first kinde of Veruayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Verbeneca Columbina Columbaris Herba sanguinalis Crista gallinacea Exupera and of some Feria or Ferraria Trixago Verbena recta and Columbina recta in Shoppes Verbena in Italian Vermina tola vrgibaon y Macho in English Veruayne or Varueyn in French Veruaine in high Douch Eisernkraut Eisernhart Eisernrich in base Almaigne Verbene Ysercruyt and Yserhert The second kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at this time 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Pythagoras Erysisceptrum and of some others Demetria in Latine Sacra herba Verbenaca supina and Cincinalis of Apuleius Licinia Lustrago Columbina supina and Militaris in Shoppes very erroneously it is called Chamedryos or Chamedrys in English Base or flat Veruayne in high Douch Erdtweirauch and of some following the errour of the Apothecaries Gamanderle and Blawmenderle in base Almaigne it may be called Neere oft cruypende Verbene that is to say in French Veruaine basse ouse trainant par terre †The Nature These two kindes of Veruayne are of a drying power †The Vertues The leaues of vpright Veruayne or the roote alone or both together boyled in water are very good for the sores and vlcers of the mouth and iawes if the mouth be wasshed with the same Decoction The Decoction of the herbe or of his roote swageth tooth ache fasteneth loose teeth to be often gargled withall or kept a good space within the mouth The same dronken continually by the space of fiue dayes cureth the grypings of the belly Veruayne mengled with oyle of Roses and vineger or boyled in oyle layd to the head after the manner of a playster cureth the head ache The same vertue hath a garlande or Corone of Veruayne against head ache to be worne vpō the head as Archigenes saith The leaues of Veruayne pound with swynes grease or oyle of Roses doth mitigate appeace the paynes of the Mother or Matrix to be applied thereto The same pound with vineger are good to be layde to S. Anthonies fyre and naughtie scuruie and rotten sores and stamped or pounde with Hony it healeth greene woundes and closeth vp olde The flat and base Veruayne is good against all venim and poyson against the bytings and stinging of Serpents and other venemous beasts to be dronken in wine or layde vpon the greefe The leaues thereof dronken in olde wine the weight of a dram and halfe with asmuch Frankēcens by the space of fortie dayes fasting cureth the Iaundes It is good to wasshe the mouth with the Decoction of the leaues and roote thereof boyled in wine against the fretting festering sores of the mouth and iawes or the almondes or kernels vnder the throte The greene leaues pound layd too taketh away the swelling the paine of hoate impostems and tumors and clenseth corrupt and rotten vlcers Some write that the water wherin this Veruayne hath bene stiped being cast or sprinckled about the hall or place whereas any feast or banket is kepte maketh all the company both lustie and merie And that a branche of three knottes or ioyntes of this herbe is good to be dronken against a feuer tertian and a branche of foure ioyntes is good against a feuer quartayne Of Nettell Chap. lxxxvij †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Nettels The one is the burning and stinging Nettell The other is the dead Nettell whiche doth not burne nor sting at all And each of these kindes is of diuers sortes For of the hoate and stinging Nettell there be three kindes that is to say the Greeke or Romayne Nettels and the great the small the burning Nettels whereas againe they are diuided into two kindes to wit the Male and the Female so that the Romayne Nettell is the Male and the other twayne are the Female The dead Nettell shal be described in the next Chapter †The Description THE Romayne Nettell hath round rough hollow and hearie stalkes The leaues belong rough burning or stinging deepely natched or dented aboute betwixt the leaues the stalke it bringeth foorth small rounde and rough buttōs or pellettes full of browne flatte shiuing seede like vnto lyne-seede but rounder smaller Vrtica syluestris The wilde Nettell or Romayne Nettell Vrtica maior The great cōmon Nettell The small Nettell is like to the Nettels aforesayd but it is much smaller not exceeding in length a foote or a foote and a halfe The stalkes be round and rough and the leaues belike to the other sauing they be smaller and greener The seede is bigger and the roote is shorter †The Place The Romayne Nettels are found in some woodes of this countrey as the wood of Soignie but not very commonly it is also sowen in the gardens of Herboristes
are of a very sweete and pleasant sauour The second is somewhat lyke to the aforesayd but his leaues be larger and thicker and they lye strowen or spread vpon the grounde The flowers be also greater and doo stande further apart or asunder one from another of colour somwhat white The round or Bulbus roote also for his quantitie is greater The third his leaues also are longer and broder than the abouesayd much like vnto Leeke blades the stalke of a foote long carying many small holowe flowers growing so thicke about the top that they shewe like a brush or holy-water sprinckle at the first of a faire violet colour but when they beginne to wither of a decayed or olde worne color sometimes but very seldome white Finally the round and bulbus roote of this kind of Hyacinthe is greater and of colour somewhat red or purple without The fourth whiche is called Hyacinthus Autumnalis is the least of these Hyacinthes yea it is lesse then the first it hath litle narrowe small and tender leaues and small slender stemmes of halfe a span long at the whiche growe very smal flowers of a cleare azure or skie colour and fashioned when they are open like litle starres with certayne fine small and short threddes growing in the middest of them The seede is inclosed in a smal triangled huske The roote is smal yet of the fashion of an Onyon or Bulbus The last of al which is described of Fuchsius amongst the Hyacinthes hath sometimes two and sometimes three small leaues amongst whiche there springeth vp a a little stemme bearing fiue or sixe or mo flowers at the very toppe euery one of them growing vpon a small stalke by it selfe eche flower hath sixe smal leaues fashioned lyke a starre when they are spread abrode and open of a skie colour and sometimes white After these folow rounde knoppes wherein the seede is conteyned The rootes are small and Bulbus fashioned like the rest and lyke vnto litle Onyons but lesse †The Place The first kind of these base Hyacinthes do grow in the woods of Artoys that are next to the lowe Countrie of Germanie in moyst wet and lowe groundes and they be also often set and planted in gardens whereof the blew sort is meetely common but the white are geason and rare to be founde Hyacinthus Autumnalis The seconde and thirde do also grow in suche lyke places of Italy and Germanie The fourth sort doth growe in Fraunce especially neare about Paris The fifth is meetely common in Germanie it delighteth most in good fatte groundes but especially in pastures and vntoyled places †The Time The flowers of the first kinde do shewe bytimes as in Marche or before if the weather be milde and surely one kinde of these flowers especially that with the perfect azure or deepe colour putteth foorth his leaues before winter and the rest assoone as winter is gone The seconde and thirde do flower afterwarde The fourth flowreth last of all at the ende of sommer and beginning of Autumne The last flowreth bytimes as in Marche or Februarie †The Names Hyacinthus Fuchsij bifolius Hyacinthus Fuchsij trifolius The seconde is aso in the number Bulborum esculentorum And so is the thirde also whiche seemeth to be Bulbina in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Douche it is called Breunling of some Honds Knoblauch in English Dogges Leekes and bushe or tufte Hyacinthe The fourth kinde of bastarde Hyacinthe is nowe called in Latine Hyacinthus Autumnalis in English Autumne Hyacinthe The fifth Hyacinthe described of Fuchsius is called in Douche Mertzelblumen and Hoornungblum in Englishe Our Ladyes flower †The Nature and Vertues These bastarde Hyacinthes are not vsed in medicine and therfore of their nature and vertues is nothing written They are planted in gardens onely for their flowers Of Narcissus Chap. l. †The Kindes FIrst of all there are two very faire and beautifull kindes of Narcissus one with a Crimsin or red purple circle in the middle of the flower the other hauing a yellow circle or as it were a Crownet or cup in the middle of the flower †The Description Narcissus medio purpureus Narcissus with the purple edged circle in the middle Narcissus medio luteus primus Narcissus with the yellowe garlande or crownet in the middle The other Narcissus with the yellow cup or circle in the middle his blades be somewhat longer and broader and not althing so greene as the first his stalkes be longer and thicker and vppon euery of them three or foure flowers lyke vnto the first sauing they be all yellowe in the middle There is also a kinde of Narcissus that is also yellow in the middle and it beareth a great many mo flowers smaller then they before described And also another sorte whiche beareth double flowers Moreouer there be other sortes of Narcissus found whose garland or circle in the middle of the flowers is white but these be very rare and daintie †The Place The two first kindes grow plentifully in diuers places of Fraunce as Burgundie and Languedoc in medowes but in this Countrie they growe not at al sauing in gardens whereas they are so wen or planted †The Tyme Al the Narcissus for the most part do flower in Aprill sauing one of the first kindes is somwhat rather and there is another whiche flowreth not vntill the beginning of May. †The Names These pleasant flowers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Narcissus of some as witnesseth Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bulbus vomitorius and Anydros vnknowen in shoppes in Englishe Narcissus white Daffodill Primerose pierelesse in high Douch of some Narcissen Roszlin in base Almaigne Narcissen and Spaensche Iennettekens †The cause of the Name These flowers tooke their name of the noble youth Narcissus who being often required and much desyred of many braue Ladies bycause of his passing beautie he regarded them not wherfore being desyrous to be deliuered frō their importunate sutes and requestes he went a hunting and being thirstie came to a fountaine in which when he would haue dronken sawe his owne fauour and passing beautie the whiche before that time he had neuer seene and thinking it had bene one of the amorus Ladyes that loued him he was so rapt with the loue of him self that he desyred to kisse and embrace him self and when he cold not take hold of his owne shadow or figure he dyed at last by extreme force of loue In whose honour and perpetuall remembrance the earth as the Poetes fayne brought foorth this delectable and sweete smelling flower Narcissus medio luteus alter ¶ The Nature Narcissus but especially his roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The rooote of Narcissus boyled rosted or otherwayes taken in meate or drinke causeth one to haue a desire to vomite The same pounde with a little honie is good to be layde vnto burninges it cureth the sinewes that be hurt
or as it were embrace or clippe aboute the stalke the spikie tuffte is short and thicke with a number of floures of a bright or white purple colour speckled on the inside with a great many purple spottes and small darke lynes fasshioned also like to an open Hoode or Helmet out of whiche also there hang certayne thinges as it were small rabbets or yong myse or littell men without heades with their armes legges spread and cast abroade in like manner as they were wonte to paynte little chyldren hanging out of Saturnes mouth at the foote of the stalke are a couple of roūd buttons as big as Nutmegges with certayne great hearie strings or thredes annexed or growing by them Cynosorchios prima species The first kinde of Standergrasse or Dogges Cullion Cynosorchios tertia species The thirde kinde of Dogges Cullion The thirde kinde of Cynosorchios putteth vp narrow straked leaues narrower than the leaues of the seconde Cynosorchios somewhat lyke the leaues of Rybworte Plantayne a shorte stemme of nine inches long The floures growe thicke togither in a shorte spykie busshe or tuffte of a Chestnutte or darke purple colour without and whitishe within his rootes also are like to a payre of stones or Cullions wherof also one is bigger than the other The fourth Cynosorchios in his floures is like to the thirde but in leaues it is like the second kinde The fifth Cynosorchios his leaues be somewhat broade like to the second and his spike like bushe or toppe is meetely long but his floures are of a faint or pale greene colour and that ragged thing which hangeth downe out of them is as it were foure square the rootes are like to the rest †The seconde Kinde THe second kinde of Orchios called Testiculus Morionis is of twoo sortes Male and Female Testiculus Morionis mas Fooles Cullion the male kinde Testiculus Morionis foemina Fooles Cullion the female The male kind hath fiue or sixe long broade and smooth leaues almost like to Lillie leaues sauing they are full of blacke spottes the small floures do likewise grow altogither in a spykie busshe or tuffte in proportion like to a Fooles hoode or Coxcombe that is to say wide open or gaping before and as it were crested aboue hauing cares standing vp by euery side and a tayle hanging downe behinde of a violet colour and pleasant sauour The Female his leaues are likewise smooth The floures also are somwhat like the Male sauing they haue not such smal eares standing vp Of these some be of a deepe violet colour some white as Snow and some Carnation or flessh colour Of this kinde there is also an other sorte with narrow straked leaues like to the leaues of narrow Plantayne whiche some cal Ribworte The floures of this kinde are of an orient redde purple colour Testiculus morionis mas alter Another fooles cullion of the male kind Testiculi morionis feminae species A kinde of female fooles Cullion There is yet an other muche smaller kinde with fiue or sixe small leaues and a fewe small floures thin set and standing farre a sonder one from another of a sleight violet colour turning towarde Azure or skie colour and sometimes white or of a decayed and darke purple colour and of a grieuous vnpleasant sauour ¶ The thirde Kynde THe thirde kinde of Orchios called in Latine Hirci testiculus and Tragorchis his leaues are like to the firste leaues of the Lillie sauing they be smaller but yet they be larger than any of the leaues of the other Orchios The stalke is of a foote long and oftentimes wrapped aboute alowe with some leaues vpon the sayde stalke or stemme groweth a greate many of small floures togither in a spikie tuffte or bushe of a very strong fasshion or making much like to a Lezarde bycause of the twisted or wrythen tayles and speckled heades Euery one of the sayde floures alone is at the firste as it were a small rounde close huske of the bignesse or quantitie of a Pease and whan it openeth there groweth out of it a little long and slender tayle the whiche is white aboue where as it is fastened to the stalke and speckled with redde speckes hauing vpon eache side a small thing adioyned to it like to a little legge or foote the residue of the Tragorchis sayde tayle is twisted about hangeth downewarde The floure is of a ranke stinking sauour like to the smell of a Goate and prouoketh headache if it be much and often smelled vnto The rootes are like a couple of Nutmegges or a payre of stones †The fourth Kynde THe fourth kinde of Orchios called Scrapias is of three sortes one hauing a floure somewhat like a Butterflie an other hath in his floure a certayne figure of a Dorre or Drone Bee the thirde hath in it the proportion of a certayne flie The firste Serapias Orchis hath two or three leaues somewhat long broade smooth yet not so large as the leaues of white Lillies the stalke is of a foote long on which groweth here and there in a spikie bushe or top certayne pleasant white floures somwhat like Butterflies with a little tayle hanging behind in whiche is a certaine sweete iuyce or moisture like hony in tast and the sayde floures are ioyned to the stemme as it were with small twisted stalkes the rootes are like to the other sortes of Orchis The secōd Serapias Orchis hath narrow leaues certaine of them are crokedly turned and wrythed aboute next the groūd the other grow about the stalke whiche is of a span or nine inches long aboute the top whereof grow certayne floures whose lowest or basest leafe is like to a Dorre or Droone Bee but the vpper parte and leaues of the floure are sometimes of agreenish colour but most commonly of a light violet or skie colour The third which is the least of al the Serapias Orchis hath small floures like to a kinde of Horseflies Orchis Serapias primus Orchis Serapias alter †The fifth Kynde THe fifth kind of Orchis is the least of all and commonly it hath not aboue thre smal leaues with veynes somewhat like Plantayne but no bigger than fielde Sorrell or the small leaues of the cōmon Daysies The stalke is small and slender of a span long aboute whiche growe little white floures of a sweete sauour almost like to Lyllie Conuall placed in a certayne order and winding aboute the stalke like to a kinde of Hatbande or the rolling of a Cable Rope the roote is like to a payre of Stones or small long kernelles wherof one is harde and firme the other is lighte and Fungus or spungie †The Place The Stādelwurts or Stādergrasse do grow most cōmōly in moyst places marisshes woodes and medowes and some delite to grow in fatte clay groundes as the kinde whiche is called Tragorchis whiche lightly groweth in very good ground some grow in barren ground But the sweete Orchis or Ladie traces are moste commōly to be found
may be vsed in steede of it Of Horminum / wilde Clarey / or Oculus Christi Chap. lxxx †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Horminum as Dioscorides writeth the garden and wilde Horminum Horminum satiuum Dubble Clarey Horminum syluestre Oculus Christi †The Description THe garden Horminum hath leaues in a maner rounde and somewhat ouerlayde with a softe Cotton almost like Horehounde The stalkes be square and hearie of the heigth of a foote bearing all aboue at the top fiue or sixe fayre small leaues of a blewish purple colour the leaues stand at euery ioynte one against an other amongst the whiche there commeth forth little huskes that bring forth purplish blew floures The which whan the seede beginneth to waxe ripe they turne towardes the grounde and hang downewardes hauing in them blacke seede and somewhat long the whiche whan it is a little while soked or steeped in any licour it waxeth clammy or slimie almost like to the kernelles of Quinces The wilde Horminum beareth great broade leaues gasht or natched roūd aboute The stalkes also be square and somewhat hearie but yet they be longer and bigger than the stalkes of the garden Horminum The floures be of a deepe blew colour and do also grow by certayne spaces aboute the stemme like to whorles or Crownettes out of little huskes whiche do also turne downewardes whan the seede is ripe the seede is of a dunne or blackishe colour round also slymie whan it is steeped or sooked The roote is of wooddie substance and blacke These twoo herbes haue no speciall sauour especially the garden kinde for the floures of the wilde kinde do sauour somewhat like to Clarey †The Place These two kindes are founde in this countrie sowen in the gardens of Herboristes ⧠The Tyme They yeelde their floures in Iune Iuly and August in the whiche season their seede is also ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Horminum and Geminalis The first is called Horminum satiuum and Hortense The seconde Horminum syluestre they may be both called wilde Clarie some call thē dubble Clarey and some Oculi Christi †The Nature Horminum is of complexion hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede of Horminum mengled with Hony driueth away the dimnesse of the sight and clarifieth the eyes The same seede with water stamped and tempered togither draweth out thornes and splinters and resolueth or scattereth all sortes of swellings being layde or applied thereto The same vertue hath the greene herbe whan it is stamped or brused and layde vpon The same seede dronken with wine stirreth vp bodely luste especially the seede of the wilde kinde which is of greater efficacie than the seede of garden Horminum Of Horehounde Chap. lxxxi †The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of Horehounde in fasshion one like to another The whiche for all that in Latine haue their particular or seuerall names The first kinde is our white Horehounde the seconde is the blacke stinking Horehounde The third is Stachys or field Horehounde The fourth is water or Marrishe Horehounde †The Description THe white Horehounde hath many square white hoare or hearie stalkes the leaues be rounde crompled hearie ayshe coloured and of no lothesome sauour The floures be white and growing forth of small sharpe and prickley huskes compassing the stalkes like in fasshion to a ringe or garlande in whiche prickley huskes after that the floure is vanisshed there is founde a rough seede The roote is blacke with many threddie strings The blacke Horehounde is somewhat like vnto the white The stalkes be also square and hearie but yet they be blacke or swarte The leaues be larger and longer than the leaues of white Horehounde dented or snipte rounde aboute the edges almost lyke vnto Nettell leaues they are blacke and of a strong vnpleasant sauour The floures are purple lyke to the dead Nettell growing in whorling knoppes rounde aboute the stalkes like to white Horehounde Marrubium White Horehounde Ballote Blacke Horehounde Stachys or wilde Horehounde hath a round stemme or stalke full of ioyntes couered with a fine white woolly downe or cotton the leaues do euer grow by coupples two and two at euery ioynte and are white and woolly almost like the leaues of white Horehounde sauing they be longer and whiter The floures grow like Crownets or garlandes compassing the stalke of yellow colour and sometimes purple The roote is harde and of a wooddy substance All this herbe differeth nothing in smell or sauour from white Horehounde Bysides these there is yet an other herbe called sweete smelling Horehoūd or sweete wilde Sage the whiche beareth square stalkes thicke and woollie The leaues be whitish and soft and somewhat dented rounde about but much longer larger and broader than the leaues of the other Horehoundes The floures be reddish growing about the stalkes like to whorles or garlādes The seede is blacke and rounde The roote is yellowish The water Horehounde is much like to blacke Horehounde aswell in his stalkes and prickle huskes as in his leaues and floures The leaues be also of a swarte greene colour but larger and more deepely indented and not very hearie but somewhat crompled and wrinckled like to the leaues of the Birche tree whan they begin to spring The floures be white and smaller than the floures of the other Horehoundes †The Place The white Horehound and the blacke do grow with vs in all rough and vnmanured places by walles hedges wayes and aboute the borders of fieldes The third groweth on the playnes of Almaigne and else where it is not to be founde in this countrie but in the gardens of Herborists The water Horehounde is found very plenteously growing in this coūtrie by diches and watercourses and in lowe moyst places †The Tyme All these herbes do moste commonly floure in Iuly The sauery Horehounde or wilde Sage doth floure in August †The Names The firste kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Marrubium in Shops Prassium in Italian Marrabio in Spanish Marruuios in English Horehounde and white Horehounde in French Marrubin and Marochemin also Marrube blanc in high Douche weisz Andorn Marobel Gottszvergisz and Andorn mennlin in base Almaigne Malroue Malruenie Witte Andoren and Andoren Manneken Stachys Mountayne Horehounde The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Marrubium nigrum Marrubiastrum in Shoppes Prassium faetidum in Italian Marrobio nero Marrobio fendo in Spanishe Marroios negros in English blacke Horehounde and stinking Horehounde of some blacke Archangell in French Marrubin noir Marrubin puant in high Douch schwartz Andorn and Andorn weiblin in base Almaigne stinckende and swerte Malruenie and Andoren or Andoren wijfken The thirde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Stachys vnknowen in Shoppes it may be also called in English Stachys or wilde Horehounde in Frenche Saulge sanuage in high Douch rieckende Andorn fielde Andorn in base
blumen that is to say S. Catharines floure of some Waldt schwartz kumich some learned men thinke it to be wilde Comyn whereof we haue written in the lxxxiiij Chapter of this Booke The thirde kinde is now called Melanthium Damascenum and Nigella Damascena that is to say Damaske Nigella in French Nielle de Damas in high Douch Schwartz Coriander †The Nature The seede of Nigella is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The seede of Nigella dronken with wine is a remedie against the shortnesse of breath it dissolueth and scattereth all ventositie and windinesse in the body it prouoketh vrine floures it increaseth womans milke if they drinke it often The same slayeth and driueth out wormes whether it be dronken with wine or water or else layde to the Nauell of the belly The same vertue hath the oyle that is drawen forth of Nigella seede to annoynt the region of the belly and nauell therewith The quantitie of a Dramme of it dronkē with water is very good against all poyson and the biting of venimous beasts The onely fume or smoake of Nigella tosted or burnt driueth away Serpents and other venimous beasts and killeth Flies Bees and Waspes The same mingled with the oyle of Ireos and layde to the forehead cureth the head ache and oftentimes put into the Nose is good against the webbe bloudshotten of the eyes in the beginning of the same The same well dried and pound and wrapped in a piece of Sarsenet or fine linencloath and often smelled vnto cureth all Murres Catharrhes poses drieth the brayne and restoreth the smelling being lost And boyled with water and vineger and holden in the mouth swageth the tootheache and if one chewe it being well dried it cureth the vlcers and sores of the mouth It taketh out Lentils Freckles and other spottes of the face and clenseth foule scuruinesse and itche and doth soften olde colde and harde swellings being pounde with vineger and layde vpon The same stieped in olde wine or stale pisse as Plinie saith causeth the Cornes and Agnayles to fall of from the feete if they be first scarified and scotched rounde aboute †The Daunger Take heede that ye take not to much of this herbe for if ye go beyonde the measure it bringeth death Turner lib. secundo fol. 10. Of libanotis Rosmarie Chap. xcvij. †The Kyndes LIbanotis as Dioscorides writeth is of twoo sortes the one is frutefull the other is barren Of the frutefull sorte there is two or three kindes ⧠The Description THe first frutefull kinde hath leaues as Dioscorides saith very much diuided and cut lyke vnto Fenell leaues sauing they be greater and larger moste commonly spread abroade vpon the grounde amongst them groweth vp a stalke of a cubite that is a foote and halfe long or more vpon whiche grow the floures in spokie tuffets like Dill and it beareth great round cornered seede of a strong sauour and sharpe taste The roote is thicke and hearie aboue and sauoring like Rosin The seconde kinde hath a long stalke with ioyntes like the Fenell stalke on whiche growe leaues almoste like Charuill or Homlocke sauing they be greater broader and thicker At the toppe of the stalkes groweth spokie tuffets bearing white floures the whiche do turne into sweete smelling seede flatte and almost like to the seede of Angelica and Brank vrsine The roote is blacke without and white within hearie aboue and sauereth like to Rosin or Frankencence There is yet an other sorte of these fruteful kindes of Libanotis the which is described by Theophrastus Lib .ix. Chapt .xij. It hath also a straight stalke with knottes and ioyntes and leaues greater than Marche or Smallache The floures grow in tuftes like as in the two other kindes bringe foorth great long and vneuen seede which is sharpe in taste The roote is long great thicke and white with a certayne kinde of great thicke heare aboue and smelleth also of Frankencence or Rosin Libanotidis alterum genus Libanotis Theophrasti The barren Libanotides as Dioscorides writeth are like to the frutefull in leaues rootes sauing they beare neither stalkes floures nor seede The other kinde of Libanotis called Rosmarinum coronarium in English Rosmarie hath bene already described Chap. lxxv of this Booke †The Place The frutefull Libanotides are now founde vpon the high mountaynes hilles and desertes of Germany ⧠The Tyme These herbes do floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Libanotis bicause that his roote sauoreth like the Encens which is called in Greke Libanos in Latine Rosmarinus The first kind as Dioscorides writeth is called of some Zea and Campsanema in Shoppes Faeniculus porcinus in high Douche Beerwurtz in base Almaigne Beerwortel that is to say Beers roote The seede therof is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Canchrys or Cachrys The second kinde is called in high Douch Schwartz hirtzwurtz that is to say blacke Harte roote The thirde is described of Theophrastus wherefore we haue named it Libanotis Theophrasti in high Douch weisz Hirtzwurtz that is to say white Hartes roote the seede of this kinde is also called of Theophrastus Canchrys or Cachrys †The Nature These herbes with their seedes and rootes are hoate and dry in the second degree and are proper to digest dissolue and mundifie †The Vertues The rootes of Libanotis dronken with wine prouoketh vrine floures healeth the griping paynes and torment of the belly and are very good against the bytings of Serpents and other venimous beasts The seede of Libanotis is good for the purposes aforesayde Moreouer it is singuler good against the falling sicknesse and the olde and colde diseases of the breast They vse to giue it to drinke with pepper against the Iaūders especially the seede of the seconde kynde of Libanotis for as touching the seede of the first kinde called Cachrys it is not very good to be taken into the bodie seing that by his great heate and sharpnesse it causeth the throote to be rough and grieuouse The leaues of al the Libanotides pounde do stoppe the fluxe of the Hemorrhoides or Pyles and do souple the swellings and inflammations of the tuell or fundement and it mollifieth and ripeth all olde colde and harde swellings being layde therevpon The iuyce of the herbe and rootes put into the eyes with hony doth quicken the sight and cleareth the dimnesse of the same The dry roote mengled with Hony doth scoure and clense rottē vlcers and doth consume and waste all tumors or swellings The seede mengled with oyle is good to annoynt them that haue the Crampe and it prouoketh sweate The same mengled with Yuray meale and vineger swageth the payne of the goute when it is layde thereto It doth also clense and heale the white dry scurffe and manginesse if it be layde on with good strong vineger They lay to the forehead the seede called Cachrys
against the bloudshotten or watering eyes Of Seseli Chap. xcviij †The Kindes SEseli as Dioscorides writeth is of three sortes The first is called Seseli Massiliense The second Seseli Aethiopicum The third Seseli Peloponnese †The Description THe first kinde of Seseli named Massiliense his leaues are very muche clouen and finely iagged but yet they be greater and thicker than the leaues of Fenell the stalke is long and high with knottie ioyntes and beareth tuffets at the toppe like to Dill and seede somewhat long cornered sharpe and biting The roote is long like to the roote of the great Saxifrage of a pleasant smell as Dioscorides writeth and sharpe taste The seconde Seseli as Dioscorides saith hath leaues like Iuye but smaller and longer drawing neare to the proportion of Woodbine leaues The stalke is blackishe of three or foure foote long and ful of branches The floures are yellow and grow in spokie rundels like Dill. The seede is as great as a wheate Corne thicke swarte and bitter And this is counted to be the Ethiopian Seseli although in deede it is not the right Ethiopian Seseli Seseli Massiliense Seseli Aethiopicum Seseleos species The thirde is Seseli Peloponnense which hath a straight long stalke like Fenell or longer and groweth higher then Seseli of Marsiles The leaues are all to cut and parted into diuers other small leaues yet greater and larger than the leaues of Homlock The seede groweth likewise in spokie toppes and is broade and thicke Amōgst the kindes of Seseli we may place that strange herbe which is foūd in the gardens of certayne Herboristes It hath at the first broade leaues spread vpō the grounde very tender finely iagged The stalke is aboute foure or fiue foote long with knottie ioynts and round like to a Fenel stalke but a great deale slenderer and of a faynt greene colour changing towards yellow The leaues that grow at the knots or ioyntes of the stalkes do bende and hang downewardes but especially the highest except a few smal leaues whiche grow betwixt the others they grow vpward The toppes of the stalkes and branches are full of small spoky tuffets bearing yellow floures and afterwarde seede The roote is long and lasteth many yeares †The Place The first kinde as writeth Dioscorides groweth in Prouence and especially about Marsels wherfore it is called Seseli of Marsels The second groweth as witnesseth the sayd Dioscorides in Ethiopia and it groweth also meetely plentifully in Prouence and Languedoc The third kinde groweth in Peloponneso the whiche is now called Morea and it lieth in Greece and is now vnder the Empire and dominion of the Turcke The fourth is found vpō certayne Mountaynes of Lombardie a man shall also finde it as some say in certayne places of Brabant ⧠The Tyme The first floureth twise a yeare in the spring and Autumne The second thirde and fourth do floure in Autumne †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Massiliense of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Latum Cuminum which is as much to say in English as large and broade Comyn The second kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Aethiopicum and of Egyptians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyonos phrice The third kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Peloponnēse that is to say Seseli Peloponnense The fourth hath no speciall name sauing that some take it for a kinde of Seseli and some for Libanotis †The Nature The seede and roote of Seseli are hoate and dry in the second degree and of subtile partes ⧠The Vertues The seede dronken with wine comforteth and warmeth the stomacke helpeth digestion and driueth away the gnawing and griping of the belly it cureth the shakings and brusing of a Feuer and is very good against the shortnesse of breath an old Cough to be short it is good for al the inwarde partes It prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie and hoate pisse it prouoketh the menstruall Termes expulseth the dead childe and setteleth in his naturall place againe the Matrix or Mother that is risen out of his place It is much worth vnto them that haue the falling sicknesse The traueler that drinketh the seede of Seseli with Pepper and wine shal not complayne much of colde in his iourney The same giuen vnto Goates and other foure footed beasts to drinke causeth them easilie to deliuer their yōg ones The same propertie hath the leaues to be giuen to the cattell to eate Of Seseli of Candie Chap. xcix †The Description THis is a tender herbe about the length of a foote and halfe his branches are tender and small and set but with a fewe leaues whiche be very small iagged and cut At the toppe of the branches growe the little spokie tuffets or rundels with white floures the whiche being past there commeth seede whiche is redde round and flatte garnished or compassed aboute with a white border two seedes growing togither one against an other eache of them hauing the shape and proportion of a Target or Buckler The roote is small and tender and dieth yearely so that it muste be euery yeare new sowen againe †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon the Mountayne Amanus in Cilicia it is to be found in this countrie in the gardēs of some diligent Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Paulus Egineta 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tordylium Seseli Creticum in English Seseli of Candy vnknowen for the most parte in Shoppes †The Nature The seede of Seseli of Candie is hoate and dry in the second degree †The Vertues The seede of Tordylion dronken in wine prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie causeth wemen to haue their moneths or termes Tordylion The iuyce of it drōken in the quātitie of a drāme boyled with good wine by the space of tenne dayes cureth the disease of the raynes of kidneys The roote thereof mengled with Hony and often licked vpon causeth to spitte out the tough and grosse Phlegmes that are gathered aboute the breast and lunges Of Daucus Chap. c. †The Kyndes MEn do finde three sortes of herbes comprehended vnder the name of Daucus as Dioscorides all the Auncients do write whereof the third is onely knowen at this day ⧠The Description THe firste kinde of Daucus is a tender herbe with a stalke of a spanne long set with leaues a great deale smaller and tenderer than Fenell leaues At the toppe of the stalke groweth little spokie tuffets with white floures like to the tops of Coriander yeelding a little long rough white seede of a good sauour and a sharpe taste The roote is of the thicknesse of ones finger and of a spanne long The seconde kinde is like
vpon Carbuncles and Pestilentiall botches and tumors breaketh the same especially after that it hath ben soked in vineger and mingled with leccayne It swageth tooth ache being put into the hollownesse of perished teeth or rather as Mesue sayth to be boyled in vineger and holdē or kept in the mouth Being layd to the eyes alone or mingled with Collyries made for the purpose it cleareth the sight With this gumme and Pitche they make a playster the whiche is very singuler agaynst the bytinges of al wilde and mad beastes being layd therevnto Of Laserpitium / and Laser Chap. cxij. †The Description LAserpitium by that we may gather of Theophrastus Dioscorides is an herbe that dyeth yerely his stalke is great and thicke lyke Ferula the leaues be lyke Persley and of a pleasant sent The seede is broade as it were a little leafe it hath a great many rootes growing out of one head which is thicke and couered with a blacke skinne From out of these rootes and stalkes being scarified and cut floweth a certayne strong liquor the which they drie and is verie requisite in medicine and it is called Laser but it is not all of a sorte nor in al places alyke for it chaungeth in taste sauour and fashion according to the places where as the Laserpitium groweth The sappe or liquor that floweth out of the Laserpitium growing in Cyrene is of a pleasant sauour and in tast not very grieuous so as in tymes past men dyd not onely vse it in shoppes for Physick but also in fine Cakes Iunkettes and other meates as Plinie writeth That whiche floweth out of the Laserpitium that groweth in Media and Syria is of a very lothsome and stinking sauour †The Place Laserpitium groweth on the high mountaynes and desertes of Cyrene and Aphrica and this is the best and chiefest and it yeeldeth a liquor which is very good and of a pleasant smell It groweth also in Syria Media Armenia and Lybia but the iuyce or liquor thereof is not so good but is of a very lothsome detestable and abominable smell †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Laser and Laserpitium of some as witnesseth Dioscorides Magudaris especially that whiche yeeldeth no liquor as in Lybia The stalkes of the right Laserpitium are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Silphium The rootes are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Magudaris The first leaues that spring vp out of the ground are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maspetū The iuyce or liquor of Laserpitium is called in Latine Laser and of the Arabian Physitions Asa or Assa The iuyce whiche floweth from the stalkes is called of Plinie Caulias and of Gaza the interpreter of Theophrastus Scaparium Laser That whiche floweth from the rootes is called Rhizias of Gaza Radicarium Laser The sweete sauering gumme or liquor is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Succus Cyrenaicus or Laser Cyrenaicum of some Asa Adorata vnknowen in Shoppes for that whiche they take for Laser as all the learned men of our tyme thinke is called of the Apothecaries Gummi benzui or Belzui or Assa dulcis in Englishe Belzoin or Benzoin in Frenche Benioin and it is not Laser but the gumme or liquor of a certayne great tree to vs vnknowen as the trauelers do affirme and as it doth manifestly appeare by the thicke peeces of barke and wood which is often found in and amongst the Benzoin that it cannot be the gumme or liquor of an herbe that perisheth yerely That Laser whiche commeth from Media is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Medicum or Succus Medicus That whiche commeth from Syria is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Syriacum These two last recited kindes of Laser that come from Syria and Media bycause of their lothsome sauour are called of the Arabian Physitions and Apothecaries Assa foetida in Englishe also Assa fetida in high Douche Teufels dreck that is to say Deuilles durt it is called in Brabant by a very strange name Fierilonfonsa †The Nature Laserpitium especially the roote is hoate and drie in the thirde degree Laser is also hoate and drie in the thirde degree but it exceedeth muche the heate of the leaues stalkes and rootes of Laserpitium †The Vertues The rootes of Laserpitium are very good as Dioscorides and Galen writeth to be dronken against alpoyson and a little of the same eaten with meat or taken with salte causeth one to haue a good and sweete breath The leaues of this plante as Plinie writeth boyled in wine and dronken mundifieth the Matrix and driueth foorth the Secondine and the dead fruit The rootes well pounde or stamped with Oyle scattereth clotted blood taketh away blacke and blewe markes that come of bruses or stripes cureth and dissolueth the kinges euill and all harde swellinges and Botches the places being annoynted or playstered therewith The same roote made into powder and made into a playster with the Oyle of Ireos and waxe doth both swage and cure the Sciatica or gowte of the hippe or huckle bone The same boyled with the pilles of pome Granattes and vineger doth cure the Hemorhoides and taketh away the great wartes all other superfluous outgrowinges about the fundement It hath the same vertue if one foment or bathe the fundement with the Decoction of the same rootes boyled in water They do also mundifie and clense the breast it dissolueth and ripeth tough flegme and it is very profitable against an olde cough comming of colde to be taken with hony in maner of a Lohoc or electuarie They prouoke vrine they mundife and clense the kidneyes and bladder they breake and driue foorth the Stone they moue the flowres and expulse the Secondine and the dead fruit If they be holden in the mouth and chewed vpon they swage tooth ache and drawe from the brayne a great quantitie of humours The liquor or gumme of Laserpitium especially of Cyrene broken and dissolued in water and dronken taketh away and cureth the hoarsenesse that cōmeth sodenly and being supt vp with a reare Egge it cureth the cough and taken with some good broth or supping it is good against an olde Pleurisie Laser cureth the Iaunders and Dropsie taken with dryed figges It is very good agaynst Crampes and the drawing togyther or shrincking of sinewes and other members to be taken the quantitie of a scruple and takē with Pepper Myrthe it prouoketh the flowres and driueth foorth the Secondine and dead fruit To be taken with Hony and vineger or with Syrupus Acetosus it is singuler agaynst the falling sicknesse It is good against the flixe of the belly comming of the debilitie and weakenesse of the stomacke which disease is called in Latine Coeliacus morbus with the skinne or rather the kernelles of raysons It driueth away the shakinges shiueringes of agues to be dronken with Wine Pepper
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
The cause of the Name Peonie tooke his name first of that good old man Paeon a very ancient Physition who first taught the knowledge of of this herbe Paeonia mas Male Peonie Paeonia foemina Female Peonie †The Vertues The roote of Peonie dried and the quantitie of a Beane of the same dronken with Meade called Hydromel bringeth downe womēs flowers scoureth the mother of women brought a bed and appeaseth the griping paynes and tormentes of the belly The same openeth the stopping of the liuer and the kidneyes and sod with red wine stoppeth the belly The roote of the male Peonie hanged about the necke healeth the falling sicknesse as Galen and many other haue proued especially in young children Ten or twelue of the red seedes dronken with thicke and rough red wine doth stop the red issues of women Fiftene or sixtene of the blacke cornes or seedes dronkē in wine or Meade helpeth the strangling and paynes of the Matrix or mother and is a speciall good remedie for them that are troubled with the night Mare which is a disease wherin men seeme to be oppressed in the night as with some great burthē and sometimes to be ouercome with their enimies and it is good against melancholique dreames Of Valerian / Phu or Setwal Chap. xvij †The Kyndes THere be two fortes of Valerian the garden and wilde and the wilde Valerian is of two kindes the great and small Besides all these there is yet a strange kinde the which is nowe called Greeke Valerian 1. Valeriana hortensis Setwall or garden Valerian 2. Valeriana syluestris maior The greater wilde Valerian †The Description SEtwall or garden Valerian at the first hath broade leaues of a whitish greene colour amongst which there commeth vp a round holow plaine and a knottie stalke Vppon the whiche stalkes there groweth leaues spread abroade and cut lyke leaues of the roote called garden Parsenep at the highest of the stalke groweth tuffets of Corones with white flowers of a light blew or carnation colour at the beginning and afterwarde white The roote is as thicke as a finger with little rootes and threddes adioyning therevnto The great wilde Valerian is almost lyke to the garden Valerian it hath also playne round holow stalkes diuided with knottes The leaues are lyke desplayed winges made of many smal leaues set one against another lyke the leaues of Setwall or garden Valerian whiche growe at the vpper part of the stalke but much greater and more clouē or cut The flowers grow and are like to the garden kinde of a colour drawing towardes a light blew or skye colour The roote is tender winding and trayling here and there and putting foorth euery yere newe plantes or springes in sundrie places The little wilde Valerian is very wel like the right great Valerian but it is alwayes lesse The first and neathermost leaues are like the litle leaues of Plantaine the rest which grow about the stalke are very much and deepely cut very wel lyke to the leaues of wilde Valerian or like the leaues which grow about the stalkes of gardē Valerian The stalkes be round with ioyntes about the length of a hande The flowers be like to the flouers of the aforesaid kindes The rootes be smal creeping alongst the grounde The Greekish Valerian hath two or three holow stalkes or moe vpon the which groweth spread leaues almost lyke the leaues of wilde Valerian but longer narrower and more finely cut lyke the leaues of the wylde Fetche but somewhat bigger The flowers grow thicke clustering togither at the top of the stalke of a light Azure or blew color parted into fiue litle leaues hauing in the midle smal white threddes pointed with a litle yellow at the tops The seede is small growing in round huskes The rootes are nothing els like but smal threds †The Place The garden Valerian and Greeke Valerian are sowen planted in gardens The other two kindes grow here in moyst places and in watery medowes lying low ⧠The Tyme The three first kindes of Valerian do flower from May to August The Greeke Valerian doth flower most commonly in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phu in Latine Valeriana and Nardus syluestris or Nardus rustica in shoppes Valeriana domestica or Valeriana hortēsis of some in these dayes Marinella Genicularis and Herba benedicta in Frenche Valeriane in high Douche Grosz Baldrian in base Almaigne tāme or groote Valeriā of some S. Ioris cruyt or Speercruyt that is to say Spearwurte or Speare herbe bycause his first leaues at their first comming vp in making are lyke to the Iron or head of a Speare in English Setwal or Sydwall The second kinde is called Valeriana syluestris Phu syluestre and Valeriana syluestris maior in Frenche grande Valerian sauuage in high Douch wilde Baldriā Katzenwurtzel Augenwurtz Wendwurtz Dennenmarcke in base Almaigne wilde Valeriane in English the great wilde Valerian The third is a kinde of wilde Valerian and therefore we do call it Valeriane syluestris minor that is to say the small wilde Valerian and also Phy paruum and Valeriana minor 3. Phu paruum Valeriana syluestris rainor The smal wild Valerian 4. Phu Gręcū Valeriana peregrina Greekish Valerian The fourth is called of the Herboristes of our time Phu Gręcum Valeriana Graeca that is to say Greekish or Greke Valerian it may be wel called Valeriana peregrina or Pseudophu for this is no Valerian but some other strange herbe the which we cannot compare to any of the herbes described by Dioscorides except it be the right Auricula muris for the which it is taken of some †The Nature The roote of Valerian is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The decoction of the rootes of Setwal dronken prouoketh vrine bringeth downe womens flowers and helpeth the ache and paynes of the side and stomacke They be of like vertue being made in powder and dronke in wine And they be put into preseruatiues and medicines made agaynst poyson and the pestilence as Tryacles and Mithridats The leaues rootes of the great wilde Valerian boyled in water do heale the vlceration and blistring of the mouth especially the roughnesse and inflammation of the throte if one washe his mouth or gargarize therewith Men do vse to giue it with great profit in drēches to such as are burstē wtin The two other Valerians be not vsed in medicine English men vse Greeke Valerian against cuttes and woundes Rosesenting Roote Rosesmelling Roote Of Rosewurte or Rhodia Chap. xviij †The Description ROsewurte hath three or foure stalkes growing frō the roote set ful of thicke leaues lyke the leaues of Lyblong or Crassula maior but they are more narrower cut or hackt at the top The roote is thicke hauing many smal hearie threddes whan it is eyther bruysed or bursten it doth sente and sauor like the Rose
†The Remedie Before ye occupie the seede of Stafisakre ye must stipe it in vineger and drie it and whan it is drie ye may giue it to drinke with Meade or watered honie Meade is honie and water boyled togither and whosoeuer hath receiued of this seede must walke without staying and should drinke Hidromel very oftē when he feeleth any kinde of choking and in this dooing it shall perfourme his operation without any great danger Of the wilde spirting Eueumbre Chap. xl †The Description WIlde Cucumbre hath leaues somewhat rounde and rough but lesser and rougher then the leaues of common Cucumber The stalkes be rounde and rough creeping alongst the grounde without any claspers or holders vpon whiche out of the holownesse of the collaterall branches or winges amongst the leaues grow shorte stemmes bearing a flower of a faynte yellow colour after the flowers there commeth little rough Cucumbers of the bignesse length of ones thombe full of sappe with a browne kernell the which being ripe skippeth forth assoone as one touche the Cucumbers The roote is white thicke and great with many other small rootes hanging by All the herbe is of a very bitter taste but especially the fruite whereof men vse to gather the iuyce and drye it the whiche is vsed in medicine †The Place This herbe is found in the gardens of Herboristes of this Countrie and where as it hath ben once sowen it commeth easily agayne euery yere †The Tyme These Cucumbers do flower in August their seede is ripe in September †The Names This Cucumber is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis Agrestis syluestris erraticus of some Cucumis anguinus in shoppes Cucumis asininus in English Wylde Cucumbre in French Concombre sauuage in high Douche Wilde Cucumer or Esels Cucumer in base Almaigne Wilde Concommeren or Esels Concommeren in Englishe Wilde Cucumber or leaping Cucumber Cucumissyluestris The iuyce of the roote being dry is called Elaterium in shoppes Elacterium †The Nature The iuyce of wilde Cucumbre is hoate and drie in the second degree and of a resoluing and clensing nature The roote is of the same working but not so strong as the iuyce †The Vertues Elaterium whiche is the iuyce of wilde Cucumbers dryed taken in quantitie of halfe a scruple driueth foorth by siege grosse fleme cholerique and especially waterishe humours Moreouer it is good against the Dropsie and for them that be troubled with shortnesse of breath The same delayed with sweete milke and powred into the nose putteth away from the eyes the euyl colour whiche remayneth after the Iaundise swageth headache and clenseth the brayne The same put into the place of conception sodden with honied wine helpeth women to their naturall sicknesse and deliuereth the dead childe Elaterium layd to outwardely with olde Oyle or honie or with the gall of an Oxe or Bull healeth the Squinancie and the swellinges in the throte The iuyce of the barke and roote of wilde Cucumber doth also purge fleme and cholerique and waterish humours is good for such as haue the Dropsie but not of so strong operation as Elaterium The roote of wilde Cucumber made soft or soked in vineger and layde to swageth the payne and taketh away the swelling of the gowte The vineger wherein it hath ben boyled holden in the mouth swageth the tooth ache The same layde to with parched barlie meale dissolueth cold tumours and layde to with Turpentine it breaketh and openeth impostemes The same made into powder and layd to with honie clenseth scoureth and taketh away foule scuruines spreading tetters manginesse pushes or wheales red spottes and all other blemishes and scarres of mans body The iuyce of the leaues dropped into the eares taketh away the payne of the same ⧠The Danger Elaterium taken into the body hurteth the inward partes and openeth the smal vaynes prouoketh gripinges and torments in the belly in doing his operation †The Remedie To cause that it shal do no hurt it must be geuen with Mede or with swete mylke a litle salt and Annys seede or geue it in powder with gumme Tragagante a litle Annys seede and salt Of Coloquintiba Chap. xli †The Description COloquintida creepeth with his branches alongst by the ground with rough hearie leaues of a grayish colour muche clouen or cut almost like the leaues of the Citron Cucumber The flowers are bleake or pale The fruit round of a greene colour at the beginning and after yellowe the barke thereof is neither thicke nor hard the inner part or pulpe is open spōgie full of gray seede in taste very bitter the which men dry kepe to vse in medicine There is yet founde another kind of Coloquintiba nothing lyke the first for this hath long rough stalkes mounting somewhat high and taking holde with his claspers euerywhere like Goordes The leaues be like the leaues of wilde Cucumber The fruite in all thinges is like the Goorde but farre smaller onely of the quantitie of a peare These wilde Goordes haue a very hard vpper barke or pille of a wooddy substance greene the inside is full of iuyce and of a very bitter taste Colocynthis †The Place The first kind groweth in Italie and Spayne from which places the dried fruite is brought vnto vs. The seconde kinde we haue sometime seene in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme Coloquintida bringeth foorth his fruite in September Coloquintida is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Colocynthis of Paulus Aegineta Sicyonia in shoppes Coloquintida in Douche Coloquint opffelin and Coloquint appel The seconde kinde may be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucurbita syluestris in French Courge sauuage in Douch Wilde Cauwoorden for this is a kinde of the right Goorde ⧠The Nature Coloquintida is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The white and inwarde pith or poulpe of Coloquintida taken about the weight of a scruple openeth the belly mightily and purgeth grosse flemes and cholerique humours and the slymie filthinesse and stinking corruption or scrapinges of the guttes yea sometimes it causeth blood to come foorth if it be taken in to great quantitie Like vertue it hath if it be boyled or layde to soke in honied water or any other liquor and after geuen to be dronken it profiteth muche against all colde dangerous sicknesses as the Ipoplerie falling sickenes giddinesse of the head payne to fetche breath the cholique loosenesse of the sinewes and places out of ioynt For the same purposes it may be put into Clisters and Suppositories that are put into the fundement The Oyle wherein Coloquintida hath ben boyled or whiche hath ben boyled in the Coloquintida dropped into the eares taketh away the noyse and singing of the same ⧠The Danger Coloquintida is exceeding hurtfull to the hart the stomacke and liuer and troubleth and hurteth the bowelles and other partes of the entrayles †The Remedie Ye
certayne long rough markes as it were small wormes hanging vppon the backside of the leafe The roote is blacke hearie and twisted or growing as it were wounden togither And it bringeth foorth neyther stalke flower nor seede ¶ The Place Hartes tongue loueth shadowie places and moyst stonie vallies about welles fountaynes and olde moyst walles Phyllitis †The Tyme It beginneth to bring foorth newe leaues in April †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Phyllitis in shoppes Scolopendria and Lingua Ceruina in Frenche Langue de cerf in high Douche Hirszung in base Almaigne Hertstonge and for a diuersitie betwixt it and Bistorte the whiche they do likewise cal Hertstonge Steenhertstonghe this is not Hemionitis as some do thinke †The Nature Hartstong is of complexion very drie and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of the leaues of Hertstong dronke is very good agaynst the bitinges of Serpentes it stoppeth the laske and the blooddy flixe Of brode or large Splenewort / or Miltwast Chap. lxv †The Description HEmionitis is also an herbe without fruite as the abouesayde Fernes and Hartes tong without stalke without flowers and seede bearing leaues somewhat great large beneth and somewhat sharpe at the top not muche differing as witnesseth Dioscorides from the leaues of the seconde Dracunculus the whiche leaues are playne by one side of the other side they haue also strakes or rough markes euen as Hartes tong his roote is compact of many stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in shadowy moyst stony and freshe places and is nowe found about the decayed places and ruines of Rome in some other places of Italie especially planted and set in the gardens of Herboristes In this Countrie it is yet a stranger †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hemionitis Splenium and of Gaza Mula herba not knowen of the Apothecaries we may call it Broade Spleneworte or large Spleneworte ¶ The Nature Hemionitis is meetely warme and drie of Complexion †The Vertues Hemionitis takē with vineger doth open and helpe the hardnesse and stopping of the splene and is a soueraigne medicine for the most part of accidentes and greeues comming or proceeding from the Rate or Spleene Hemionitis Of wild or rough Splenewort Chap. lxvi †The Description LOnchitis aspera is partly lyke the other Fernes for it beareth neyther stalke nor seede The leaues be long about the length of a spanne or foote not muche differing from the leaues of Polypodie but muche narrower creuised and cut into more diuisions The roote is browne and thicke like to the roote of Dryopteris †The Place It groweth vppon the brinkes of ditches in wooddes and low moyst places of drie Countries †The Tyme It abideth al the winter and bringeth forth newe leaues in April ¶ The Names This kind of Ferne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lonchitisaspera of some Longina and Calabrum of our later writers Asplenium magnum Asplenium syluestre in high Douche Spicant Grosz Miltzkraut in Neather Douchlande Grachtvaren We may name it in Englishe Great Spleneworte or Wilde Splenewort †The Nature Lonchitis is hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde †The Vertues Lonchitis is very good agaynst the hardnesse stoppinges and swellinges of the Splene or Melt when it is dronken or layde vpon with vineger vpon the place of the Splene outwardly Lonchitis aspera This herbe is also good for to be layde vnto woundes for it keepeth them from inflammation and apostumation Of Ceterach / or the right Scolopendria Chap. lxvij †The Description CEterach hath little leaues almost of the length of a mans fingar cut and iagged vpon both sides euen harde to the ribbe or middle sinewe with cuttes halfe rounde or compassed standing not directly but contrarie one to another fat and greene vpon one side but on the other syde it is rough and somewhat hearie reddishe or of a browne colour The roote is small blacke and rough muche platted or enterlaced And this herbe hath neither stalke flower nor seede ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in shadowy and stony places and it is muche founde about Welles neare vnto Namur and the quarters thereabout †The Tyme This herbe continueth greene al the winter and putteth foorth newe leaues in April †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asplenum or Asplenium in Shoppes Ceterach in Frenche Scolopendrie vraye in high Douch Steinfarn and Miltzkraut in base Almaigne Steenvaren in English Right Scolopendria Scaleferne Finger ferne Stone ferne Ceterach and Myltewaste †The Nature Ceterach is temperate in heate and cold of subtil partes somwhat drying †The Vertues The leaues of Ceterach taken with vineger by the space of fourtie dayes healeth the Melt that is hard and stopt and is very good agaynst Quarteyne Agues like vertue they haue boyled in wine and playstered vpon the left side Asplenum The same is also very good against the strangurie the hoate pisse the stone in the bladder it stayeth yeoxsing oryexing it openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and it is giuen with great profite to suche as haue the Iaunders Of Venus heare / or Iumbardie Maydenheare Chap. lxviij †The Kyndes VNder that name of Capillus Veneris at this day is set before vs two kindes of herbes not a litle lyke one the other wherof one who is the stranger is the right Adiantum True Maydenheare Ladies heare Venus heare Ruta Muraria Stone Rue or Wall Rue Capillus Veneris named of the Auncientes Adiantum The other is very common and hath bene vsed here for Capillus Veneris the whiche some men call Ruta Muraria in Latine and of others it is called Saluia vita †The Description THE right Venus heare hath the footestalkes of his leaues very smal blackishe and glistering with a certayne brightnesse The leaues are smal tender hackt or snipped round about like vnto the first leaues of Coriander but muche smaller The roote is tender The second kinde called Wall Rue hath likewise his leaues set vpon shorte and smal stemmes the which do somwhat resemble the leaues of garden Rue but lesser and something dented about playne and smothe vppon one side but the other side is laden or charged with small prickes or spottes The roote is tender and hearie And both these herbes be without eyther flowers or seede like to the Ferne. †The Place Venus heare groweth in walles and in stony shadowy places neare about waters and welspringes and there is great plenty therof found in Italie and Prouence It groweth not in this Countrie but it is brought drie to vs from Italie Reu of the wal is very common in this Countrie for it is to to be found almost vpon all olde walles that are moyst and not comforted or lightned with the shining
sort is founde another smal kinde like vnto the aforesayd sauing that it is much lesse The fourth kinde called Rosa Solis hath reddishe leaues somewhat rounde hollowe rough with long stemmes almost fashioned lyke little spoones amongst the whiche commeth vp a short stalke crooked at the toppe and carrying little white flowers This herbe is of a very strange nature and maruelous for although that the Sonne do shine hoate and a long time thereon yet you shall finde it alwayes moyst and bedewed and the small heares thereof alwayes full of little droppes of water and the hoater the Sonne shineth vpon this herbe so muche the moystier it is and the more bedewed and for that cause it was called Ros Solis in Latine whiche is to say in Englishe The dewe of the Sonne or Sonnedewe 5. Lycopodium Woolfs Clawe 6. Muscus Marinus Coralin or Sea Mosse The sixth kinde of Mosse called Mosse of the Sea hath many smal stalkes harde and of a stony substance diuided into many ioyntes and many branches growe foorth togither from one hat or litle stony head by the whiche it is fastened vnto rockes 7. Muscus Marinus Theophrasti Fuci species Dioscoridis Slanke Wrake or Lauer. 8. Fuci marinispecies Wrake or Sea girdell The seuēth kind of Mosse wherof The ophrastus spreaketh is a plante without stalke or stemme hearing greene leaues crimpled full of wrinckles and broade not muche differing in fashion from the leaues of some Lettise but muche more wrinckled and drawen togither the whiche leaues come vp many togither growing vpon rockes The eight which is a kinde of Fucus Marinus hath long narrow leaues almost as narrow as a Leeke the roote is thicke ful of branches and rough heared taking holde vpon rockes †The Place The first kinde of Mosse groweth vpon trees especially there where as the grounde is nought Lungwurt groweth vpon Mossie trees in moyst sandie and shadowie places Golden Maydenheare or Goldylockes Polytrichon the Ros Solis and Woolfes clawe do growe in drie waterie Countries and also in feeldes that lye vnmanured or toyled and in some shadowy wooddes The Golden Polytrichon is very common The Sea Mosse groweth vpon stones and rockes in the Sea †The Names The first kind of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus of Serapio and in Shoppes Vsnea of Aetius Dorcadias in Frenche Mousse in high Douche Mosz in base Almaigne Mosch The best and most fittest for medicine is that whiche groweth vpon the Cedar tree and next to that is that whiche groweth vpon the Popler The seconde kinde is nowe called Pulmonaria in Latine in English Lungwort in high Douch Lungenkraut in base Almaigne Longencruyt in Frēch Herbe aux Poulmons The thirde is called in Douche Gulden Widdertodt in base Almaigne Gulden Wederdoot that is to say Golden Polytrichon of some Iung fraw hare Some thinke it to be Polytrichon Ipuleanum albeit there is but small similitude betwixt the one and the other for Apuleius his Polytrichon is the true Trichomanes of Dioscorides we may cal it in English Goldylockes Polytrichon in Frenche Polytrichon doré The fourth kinde is called in this Countrie Ros Solis in Frenche Rosee de Solcil in Douch Sondaw and of some Sindaw and Loopich truyt The fifth is called in high Douche Beerlap Gurtelkraut Seilkraut Harschar Teuffels clawen in Brabant Wolfs clawen and of some Wincruyt in some Shoppes Spica Celtica and is taken for the same of the vnlearned to the great detriment dammage and hurt of the sicke and diseased people What the Greeke or Latine name is I know not and therefore after the common name I do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lycopodion that is Pes Lupi in Latine and Pied de Loup in Frenche in Englishe Woolfes clawe The sixth kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus marinus that is to say Mosse of the Sea in Frenche Mousse Marine in Douche Zee Mosch in Shoppes it is called Corallina that is to say Herbe Corall and of the vnlearned Soldanella vnto whiche it beareth no kinde of lykenesse The seuenth is called also of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus marinus that is to say Sea Mosse with the large leaues in Frenche Mousse marine a larges fueilles in Brabant Zee Mosch it is to be thought that this is the first kinde of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Fucus or Alga whereof Dioscorides treateth in his fourth booke The eight is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fucus and Alga this is the second kind of Fucus in Dioscorides the which Theophrastus nameth also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Porrum bycause the leaues are lyke vnto Leeke blades †The Nature The Mosse is drie and astringent or of a binding qualitie without any manyfest heate or colde Lungworte is lyke to the aforesayde sauing that it cooleth more Golden Maydenheare and Woolfes Clawe are drie and temperate in heate and colde The Ros Solis is hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree The Sea Mosse is colde drie and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of Mosse in water is good for women to washe them selues in whiche haue to muche of their naturall sicknesse and put into the nose it stayeth bleeding to conclude it is very well and profitably put into all oyntmentes and oyles that be astringent The Physitions of our time do muche commend this Pulmonaria or Lungwort for the diseases of the lunges especially for the inflammations and vicers of the same if it be made into powder and dronke with water They say also that the same boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth spitting of blood pissing of blood the flowers of women and the laske or fluxe of the belly The same made into powder and cast into woundes stoppeth the bleeding and cureth them Ros Solis brused with Salt and bounde vppon the fleshe or bare skinne maketh blisters and holes euen as Cantharides as you may proue by experience The common sort of people do esteeme this herbe but especially the yellow water distilled of the same to be a singuler and special remedie for such as begin to drie away or are fallen into consumptions and for them that are troubled with the disease called Asthma whiche is a straightnesse in drawing of breath or with any vlceration in their lunges thinking that it is very consolidatiue and that it hath a special vertue to strengthen and nourish the body but that whiche we haue recited before concerning the vertue of this herbe declareth sufficiently that their opinion is false Men vse not Golden Maydenheare nor Woolfes Clawe in medicine Sea Mosse is af a very astringent and preseruing qualitie Therefore men lay it to the beginning of hoate tunours or swellinges and vpon all kindes of gowtes that require refreshing or cooling The same also is very good agaynst wormes
and open the belly as Hipocrates and Diocles do write The fruite and Coddes boyled and eaten before they be ripe do prouoke vrine and cause dreames as Dioscorides sayth Of Pease or Peason Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Peason the great the meane the smal the which are lyke one another in stalkes leaues flowers and coddes but not in fruite as ye may perceaue hereafter †The Description THE great branched Peason are not muche knowen in this Countrey They growe when they be stayed vp by rises stakes or other helpes to the length of a man or higher The stalkes be rounde and holowe and somewhat cornered as big as a finger vpon the which at euery knot there growe two leaues very well closed and ioyned togither as if it were but one leafe amongst the leaues growe smal stemmes the which haue foure or fiue grosse or fatte leaues set directly opposite one against another hauing at the ende foure or fiue griping or ramping claspers whereby the Pease doth take holde and is stayed vp and fastened to such thinges as it standeth by Adioyning harde to the stemmes of the leaues aforesayd there growe other naked and bare stemmes vpō the which grow pleasant flowers of blew or purple colour After the sayde flowers there come vp long coddes rounde playne and shining hanging downewardes in which the Peason are couched and layde the whiche beyng yet but greene are rounde and whitishe but when they be drie they are gray and cornered Pisum Great Peason Branche Peason Ochros Eruilia Middle Peason The seconde sorte whiche are the common pease is muche like to the aforesayde but that his leaues and branchie stalkes are smaller neyther do they growe so high although they be stayed vp and succoured with bowes or branches The flowers are most commonly white the fruite is rounde and white and remayneth rounde whan it is drie The thirde whiche is the least kinde is lyke vnto the seconde sauing that it is much smaller in leaues stalkes coddes and fruite It is suffered for the most part to lye vppon the grounde in the feeldes without any stay or helpe of branches or bowes The fruite thereof is lykewise rounde of colour sometimes white sometimes greene and sometimes gray or blackish Besides the aforesayde kindes there is yet a certayne kind of Pease lyke vnto the wilde or least kinde It hath flat stalkes the leaues are long with clasping tendrels at the endes whole beneath next to the stemme but at the toppe of the branches the leaues are clouen and diuided into two or three small narrowe leaues almost lyke the leaues of Cicercula whiche Turner calleth Cicheling The flowers are white after the which flowers there come vp round coddes or huskes lesser then pease-coddes within them groweth the fruite which is rounde lyke vnto Pease sauing it is lesser and in taste bitter while it is yet greene very harde when it is drie †The Place The great and branched Peason are planted in gardens but the midle and least kind are sowen and planted in fruitful feeldes and are very common in this Countrie The Herb oristes do sow the wild kinde in their gardens †The Tyme Men plant them in Marche and Aprill and they be rype in August Eruilia syluestris Wilde Peason †The Names The branche Peason are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pisum in Brabant Groote Erweten Roomsche Erweten and of some Stock Erweten This kinde is the right Pisum described of Plinie and the Auncientes in Englishe Great Peason Garden Peason and Branche Peason bycause as I thinke they must be holpen or stayed vp with branches The two other kindes are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Plinie Eruiliae in French Pois in high Douch Erweyssen in base Almaigne Erweten in Italian Rouiglione at Veniz Pisareli in Englishe Common Peason The fourth is very wel like to be a kinde of wilde pease and especially that kinde whereof Hermolaus Barbarus writeth calling it Eruilia syluestris that is to sayde wilde Peason †The Nature and Vertues Branche Peason being eaten do nourish meanely engender windinesse but not so muche as the pulse whiche the Auncientes call Faba The other rounde and common Pease are beter and do nourish better then the great or branched Peason and they do lose and open the belly gently Of the Cicheling or flat Peason Chap. xxi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cichelinges the great and the small or garden and wilde Cichelinges Lathyrus Cicercula Cicheling or brode Peason Lathyrus syluestris Wilde Cicheling †The Description THe Cicheling or flat pease hath flat and crested stalkes the leaues be long and narrow standing vpward almost like the two eares of a Hare with Clasping tendrelles by the which they take holde by poles and branches that are set by thē The flowers be white lyke the flowers of branche Peason after them come flat coddes large wherein is a white fruite large flat vneuenly cornered hauing almost the sent or smell of the pease The roote is tender and threddy The lesser Cicheling is like to the aforesaid in stalkes leaues coddes The flowers are reddish The fruit is also flat vneuenly cornered as the great kind but it is smaller harder and of a more browne colour drawing towardes blacke There is also founde a wilde kinde of this pulse much lyke to the aforesayd in the flatnesse of the stalkes and in his long and narrowe leaues The whiche in like manner bringeth foorth reddish flowers and afterward narrow coddes wherin is conteyned a small browne seede round and hard The roote is great and thicke of a wooddy substance and dieth not but putteth foorth new euery yere ¶ The Place These pulses are found in this Countrie amōgst some diligent Herboristes The wild groweth in hedges and in the borders of feeldes in good fertill ground and is found in great plentie about Louayne and Brussels †The Tyme These Pulses do flower in Iune and are ripe in Iuly and August †The Names The first and greatest kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lathyrus of Columella and Paladius Cicercula Turner calleth it a Cicheling The seconde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus in Latine Cicera They are both called in Frenche Des Sars but they haue no Douche name that I knowe yet the Authour of this booke in the last Douche copie by him corrected calleth the first kinde in Douche Platte Erwten that is to say in English Broade or Flat Pease not knowen of the Apothecaries †The Nature and Vertues The first kinde is of nature and qualitie like vnto Pease and doth meanely nourishe the body as Galen saith The seconde is like to the first as witnesseth the same Galen sauing that it is harder for whiche cause it ought to be longer boyled Of Chiche Peason Chap. xxij †The Kyndes There be three kindes of Ciche Peason as Dioscorides writeth
or Plantayne and whole Gawles or the berries of Sumach The pill or shel of Lentiles hath the like propertie and in operation is of more force then the whole Lentil The meate that they vse to make of the husked or vnshelled lentil drieth the stomacke but it stoppeth not and is of harde digestion and engendreth grosse and noughtie blood They vse to swallow downe thirtie graines of Lentilles shelled or spoyled from their huskes against the weakenesse and ouercasting of the stomacke The lentil boyled with parched barley meale laid to swageth the paynes or ache of the gowte The meale of Lentiles mixed with hony doth mundifie and clense corrupt vlcers and rotten sores and filleth them againe with newe flesh The same boyled in vineger doth dissolue and driue away wennes and harde swelling strumes With Melilot a Quince oyle of Roses they helpe the inflammation of the eyes and fundement and with sea water it is good against the hoate inflammation called Erisipilas S. Antonies fier and suche lyke maladies The lentil boyled in salt or sea water serueth as a remedie against clotted clustered milke in womens breastes consumeth the abundant slowing of the same ⧠The Danger ensuing the vse of this pulse The Lentil is of hard digestion it engendreth windinesse and blastinges in the stomacke subuerteth the same they cause doting madnesse foolish toyes and terrible dreames it hurteth the lunges the sinewes and the braine And if one eate to muche thereof it dulleth the sight and bringeth the people that vse thereof in danger of Cankers and the Leprie Of Hatchet Fitche / Axsede or Axwurt Chap. xxxi Hedysaron Securidaca Axesiche or Axwurt Securidaca altera †The Description SEcuridaca hath small slender stemmes wherevpon grow small leaues spread abroade lyke to the leaues of Arachus or the wilde Vetche but smaller and rounder The flowers growe thicke togither after the sayde flowers there come long coddes round and small growing one agaynst another bowing inward crooking or crompling lyke vnto hornes within whiche crooked coddes is conteyned a flat seede with flower corners like to a litle wedge The roote is smal and tender The other Securidaca set foorth by Matthiolus in leaues is very well lyke to the aforesayd neuerthelesse his coddes be longer and not so much crooked and for that consideration not very well approching to the description of Securidaca set foorth by Dioscorides Ferrum equinum Horse shoe There is found another herbe with many stalkes trayling vpon the ground hauing at euery ioynt a leafe or rather a branche of leaues very well like to the leaues of the Lentil or Securidata but yet somewhat lesser betwixt those leaues the trayling branches it beareth smal yellow flowers in fashion lyke to the flowers of the Vetche or Lentill the which afterward do change into flat huskes or coddes the whiche are vpon one side full of deepe Chinkes or Cliftes and the graine or seede waxing ripe the saide coddes do turne crooked vpon one side so that they beare the forme and fashion of a horse shoe The sede also is crooked and turned rounde like a Croisssant or newe Moone ¶ The Place Securidaca as Galen saith groweth in some places amongst Lentiles or according to Dioscorides amongest Barley and wheate vnknowen in this Countrie and is not knowen to growe but in the gardens of Herboristes The thirde kinde groweth in some places of Italie and of Languedoc alongst the wayes and like vntoyled places †The Tyme Securidaca flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August and afterwarde the seede is ripe The Horse shoe flowreth in Iune and Iuly and the seede is ripe in August ⧠The Names The Pulse called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Securidaca of some also Pelecinon in Douch and French it hath no name that I knowe Turner calleth it in Englishe Axsich or Axeworte bycause Dioscorides saith the seede is lyke a two edged Axe The thirde kinde is called in Italian Fer di Caualla that is to say in Latine Ferrum equinum and in English Horse shoe in Frenche Fer de Cheual in Brabant Peerts ysere It shoulde seeme that this is a kinde of Securidaca and therefore we haue placed it in this Chapter †The Nature The seede of Securidaca is hoate and drie of complexion The Horse shoe is in qualitie and vertue lyke to Securidaca as you may knowe by his bitternesse †The Vertues The seede of Securidaca openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the Splene and all the inwarde partes and is very good for the stomacke bycause of his bitternesse Of the like vertue are the newe leaues and tender croppes of the same Of Italian Fitche / or Goates Rue Chap. xxxij †The Description THis herbe is not muche vnlyke Arachus or the wild Vetche in stalkes and leaues it hath round hard stalkes and thervpon displayed leaues made of diuers small leaues lyke to the leaues of Vesseron or Arachus but muche greater and lōger The flowers be eyther cleare blewe or white and do grow clustering togither spikewise and like to the wild Vetche after come long small and round coddes wherein is the seede The roote is meetely great and doth not lightly die †The Place Galega in some Countries as in Italy groweth in the borders of feeldes it groweth also in the wood called Madrill by Paris Ye shall not lightly finde it in this Countrie but sowen in the gardens of Herbozistes †The Tyme Galega flowreth in Iuly and August and foorth with the seede is ripe Galega †The Names This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes in Latine Galega Ruta Capraria and of some Foenograecum syluestre And some do also count it to be Glaux ▪ or Polygala but as I thinke it is nothing lyke any of them it is called in English ▪ Italian Fetche and Goates Rue ¶ The Nature Galega is of nature hoate and drie †The Vertues Galega as Baptista Sardus writeth is a singuler herbe against al venome and poyson and against wormes to kill and driue them foorth if the iuyce of it be giuen to little children to drinke It is of like vertue fried in Dyle of Line seede and bounde vpon the nauel of the childe They giue a sponefull of the iuyce of this herbe euery morning to drinke to young children against the falling sicknesse It is counted of great vertue to be boyled in vineger and dronken with a litle Treacle to heale the plague if it be taken within twelue houres Of the Pease Earthnut Chap. xxxiij †The Description THE Earthnut hath three or foure little stalkes or tender branches somewhat reddishe belowe next the grounde with clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh holde vpon hedges and al other thinges that it may come by The leaues be small and narrowe The flowers be of a fayre red colour and of an indifferent good smell After the fading of those flowers there come in their steede small coddes in which is conteined a
the common Melilot †The Description The true and right Melilot hath rounde stalkes the leaues iagged rounde about not muche vnlyke the leaues of Fenugreck alwayes growing three and three togither like to the Trefoyl The flowers be yellow and smal growing thicke togither in a tuft the which past there come in their places a many of small crooked huskes or coddes wheru◠the seede is conteyned The roote is tender and full of small hearie threddes The common Melilot hath rounde stalkes about two or three foote long full or branches The leaues do alwayes grow by three and three lyke to Trefoyl hacked rounde about lyke the leaues of Fenugreck or the right Melilot The flowers be yellow clustering togither after the fashion or order of spike the whiche vanished there come vp small huskes whiche conteyne the seede The roote is long al the herbe with his flowers is of a right good sauour specially whan it is drie †The Place The right Melilot groweth plentifully in Italy especially in the Countrie of Campania neare the Towne of Nola. In this Countrie the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The common Melilot groweth in this Countrie in the edges and borders of fieldes and medowes alongst by diches and trenches Melilotus Italica The right Melilot Melilotus Germanica The common Melilot †The Tyme These two kindes of Melilot do flower in Iuly and August during which time they yeelde their coddes and seedes †The Names Melilot is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melilotus and Sertula Campana The first kinde of these herbes is taken at Rome and in Italy for Melilot therfore is called Melilotus Italica that is to say Italian Melilot in French Melilot d'Italie and in Douche Italiansche or Roomsche Melilote The other kinde is called in Shoppes of this Countrie and of Almaigne Melilotus and is vsed for the same and hereof it commeth to passe that men cal it Melilotus Germanica in Frenche Melilot vulgaire in base Alemaigne Ghemeyne or Douche Melilote Some do also call it Saxifraga lutea that is saye Yellow Saxifrage and in high Douche Grosse steinklee in Englishe The common and best knowen Melilot ¶ The Nature Melilot is hoate and partly of an astringent nature and hath part of a digesting consuming dissoluing and riping power †The Vertues Melilote boyled by it selfe in sweete wine or with the yolke of a rosted egge or the meale of Fenugreck or Lineseed or with the fine flower of meale or with Cichorie doth smage and soften all kindes of hoate swellinges especially those that chaunce in the eyes the matrix or mother the fundement and genitors or coddes being layde thereto If it be layde to with Gawles or Chalke or with good wine it healeth the scurffe and suche sores as yeelde corrupt matter or filthe The same rawe and pounde or sodde in wine swageth the payne of the stomacke and dissolueth the impostumes and swellinges of the same being layde thereto The iuyce of the same dropped into the eares taketh away the payne of them and layde to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger cureth the head ache The common Melilote is vsed and found good for all suche thinges as the other serueth it is most vsed to swage and slake payne as the flower of Camomil is The same boyled in wine and dronke prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone and swageth the payne of the kidneyes the bladder and belly and ripeth fleme causing it to be easily cast foorth The iuyce therof dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight and doth consume dissolue and take away the web pearle or spot of the eye Of Horned Clauer / or Medic fother Chap. xl Medica Spanish Clauer Italian or Spanishe Clauer †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Medica the which we haue seene in this Countrie The first kind hath flat huskes and turned or folded rounde togither The other hath long rough sharpe poynted huskes turning in also togither lyke a Rammes horne or Snayle as Turner writeth otherwise one muche lyke to the other There is also a thirde kinde wherof both Turner and this Aucthor do write †The Description THe first kind of Medica hath many rounde tender stalkes which grow not vpright but are spread abrode vpon the grounde like the common medow Trefoyl The leaues be like them of the commō Trefoyl The flowers be small of a pale yellowish colour for the most part they grow three and three togither The which once past there grow vp flat huskes or coddes turned round togither like a water snayle wherein the seede is conteyned the whiche is flat The roote is leane or slender and withereth or perisheth in this Countrie after that it hath once borne seede The second kind of Medica is much like the other in stalkes leaues The cods only be not so flat but longer sharpe pointed wherin is a sede like to the other The third kind hath many stalkes growing almost right vp theron leaues like vnto the other The flowers grow in tuftes almost like to the cōmon Trefoyl of color faire purple blew somtimes yellow therafter folow many roūd flat cods turned togither of that which eche asunder about the bignes of a Lentil The roote of this is long and continueth many yeres especially in Spayne Bysides these there is yet another kind of Medica or strange Trefoyl that which lieth not alōgst the ground but standeth-vpright a foote a halfe or two foote long It hath hard round stalkes diuided into diuers branches vpō the which grow meetly large leaues gray thicke three vpō one stemme almost like the leaues of Trefoyl or Fenugreck but muche lesse The flowers be white mixt with Crymsen or Carnation color Al the herbe aswel the stalkes as leaues is whitish and couered with a soft and gentle cotton or woolly roughnesse †The Place These kindes of Trefoyl growe in Spayne They growe not of their owne kinde in this Countrie but are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme Medica flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and within short space after commeth foorth his crooked of crompled huskes The fourth kind flowreth in this Countrie at the ende of Sommer ⧠The Names The first two haue no certaine name which is knowē vnto vs therfore haue we named them in Latine Trifolia cochleata in Douche Gedrayde Claueren in French Treste au limason in English Horned Trefoyl or Clauer bycause their coddes veturned as water snayles wherein the seede is conteyned The third is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Medica in Spanish Alfafa after the Arabian name Fasfasa or Alfasfasa with the whiche Medica of Auicenna is named in Douch Spaensche Claueren in Englishe Spanish Trefoyl The fourth kind is counted of some to be Glaux of some to be Anthyllis of others it is taken for Polygala †The Nature Medica is of a colde nature †The Vertues Medica is good against
brode leaues and nothing prickley which is called the right Artechoke the other whose leaues be all to gashed full of sharpe prickles and deepe cuttes which may be called the Thistell or prickley Artechoke †The Description Cynara Artechokes Cynaraealiud genus Prickley Artechokes The Thistell or prickley Artechoke hath great long leaues very much and deepely cut vpō both sides euen to the very sinewes which depart the leaues and full of sharpe cruel prickles The stalke is long vpon the which grow scaly heades almost like the others They are both of one kinde not otherwise to be accounted for oftentimes of the seede of one springeth the other especially the Thistell Artechoke commeth of the seede of the right Arrechoke Whiche thing was very well knowen of Palladius who commaunded to breake the point of the seede for bycause it shoulde not bring foorth the prickley kinde ¶ The Place These two kindes growe not in this Countrie of their owne accorde but are sowen and planted in gardens †The Tyme The right prickley Artechokes bring forth their great heades in August †The Names This kinde of Thistell especially the first sorte is called of Galen in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Math. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cynara Cinara Carduus Carduus satiuus of writers of our time Arocum Alcoralum and Articocalus in Frenche Artichaut in Italian Articoca in high Douch Strobildorn in Brabāt Artichauts folowing the Frenche the heades be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spondyli in Englishe the great and right Artechok The other is called Cinaraacuta in French Chardonnerette in Brabant Chardons It may be wel Englished the Thistel or prickley Artichoke †The Nature and Vertues The heades of Artechokes are vnhole some to be eaten as Galen writeth in his boooke De Alimentis and of harde digestion wherefore they engender noughtie humours especially being eaten rawe and vnprepared Therefore they must be boyled after the order of Asparagus in some good broth of beefe or other flesh then serue them with a sause of butter or oyle salt and vineger some vse them rawe with pepper and salt and the powder of Coriander and so they yeelde a natural pleasant and kindly sweetenesse in taste They are not vsed in medicine as my Aucthor in folowing Dioscorides and Galen writeth Some write if the young and tender shelles or Nuttes of the Artechok being first srieped or soked in strong wine be eaten that they prouoke vrine and stirre vp the lust of the body Also they write that the roote is good agaynst the rancke sinel of the arme pittes if after the taking cleane away of the pith the same roote be boyled in wine and dronken For it sendeth foorth plentie of stinking vrine whereby the ranke and rammishe sauour of al the body is amended The same boyled in water and dronken doth strengthen the stomacke and so confirme the place of naturall conception in women that it maketh them apt to conceaue male Children The first springes or tender impes of the Artechok sodden in good broth with Butter doth mightely stirre vp the lust of the body both in men and women it causeth sluggishe men to be diligent in Sommer and wil not suffer women to be slowe at winter It stayeth the inuoluntarie course of the naturall seede in man or woman Of our Zadyes Thistell Chap. lxij †The Description OVr Ladies Thistel hath great broade white greene leaues speckled with many white spots set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalkes be long as bigge as ones finger at the top whereof grow rounde knapped headdes with sharpe prickles out of the same knappes come foorth fayre purple flowers and after them within the same heades groweth the seede inclosed or wrapt in a certayne cotton or downe The which is not much vnlyke the seede of wilde Carthamus but lesser rounder and blacker The roote is long thicke and white Spina alba Our Ladyes Thistel †The Place Our Ladyes Thistel groweth of his owne kinde in this Countrie almost in euery garden of potherbes and is also founde in rough vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly the same yere it is first sowen and when it hath brought foorth his seede it decayeth and starueth †The Names This Thistell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina alba of some also Agriocinara Donacitis Erysisceptrum Spina regia and Carduus Ramptarius of the Arabian Physitions Bedeguar in Englishe Our Ladies Thistell in Frenche Chardou nostre Dame in high Douche Marien Distel and Frauwen Distel in base Almaigne Onser Vrouwen Distel in shoppes Carduus Mariae †The Nature The roote of our Ladies Thistel is dry and astringent The seede is hoate and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of our Ladyes Thistel dronke in wine is good for them that spit blood and for those that haue feeble stomackes and lose bellyes Taken in the same sort it prouoketh vrine and driueth it foorth It consumeth colde and soft swellinges being layde therevnto The wine wherein it hath bene boyled swageth the tooth ache The seede is giuen with great profite to children that be troubled with the crampe or the drawing awry of any member and to suche as are bitten with Serpentes or other venemous beastes Of the Globe Thistel Chap. lxiij †The Description THis thistel hath also great broade leaues of a sadde greene colour aboue or in the vpper side and next the grounde they are rough of a grayish colour deepely iagged and hackt rounde about the indented edges are full of sharpe prickley pointes The stalke is rounde and blatkishe as bigge as ones finger and of foure or fiue foote long whervpon grow faire round heades and rough bearing rounde about a great many of smal whitish flowers mixt with blew The roote is browne without †The Place This Thistell is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde but in the gardens of Herboristes and such as loue herbes Spina peregrina †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly a yere after it hath bene sowen †The Names The Thistel is called of the writers in these dayes in Latine Spina peregrina of Valerius Cordus Carduus Sphaerocephalus in high Douche Welsch Distel or Romisch distel in base Almaigne Roomsche distel Vremde distel that is to say the Romaynes Thistel or the strange Thistel How this Thistel was called of the Auncientes we knowe not except it be Acanthus syluestris wherewithall it seemes to be much like Turner calleth it Ote Thistel or Cotton Thistel in folowing Valerius Cordus we may also call it Globe Thistell bycause the heades be of a rounde forme lyke to a Globe or bowle †The Nature This strange Thistel is hoate and drie the whiche may be perceiued by the strong smell in rubbing it betweene your handes also it may be diserned by the sharpe taste thereof †The Vertues This Thistell is not in vse that
Cardobenedictus in Englishe Blessed Thistel and Carduus benedictus †The Nature Blessed Thistel is hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues The Blessed Thistel taken in meate or drinke is good agaynst the great payne and swimming giddinesse of the head it doth strengthen memorie and is a singuler remedie against deafenesse The same boyled in wins and dronken hoate healeth the griping paynes of the belly causeth sweate prouoketh vrine driueth out grauel and moueth womens flowers The wine wherein it hath bene boyled doth cleanse and mundifie the infected stomacke and is very good to be dronken against feuer quartaynes The powder thereof dronken in wine doth ripe and digest cold fleme in the stomacke and purgeth and bringeth vp that which is in the breast scouring the same and causeth to fetche breath more easily To be taken in like manner it is good for such as begin to haue the Ptysick or consumption A Nut shell full of the powder of Carduus benedictus is giuen with great profite against the pestilence so that suche as be infected with the sayde disease do receiue of the powder as is abouesayde within the space of xxiiij houres and afterward sweate they shal be deliuered incontinent The like vertue hath the wine of the decoction of the same herbe dronken within xxiiij houres after the taking of the sayde sicknesse The Blessed Thistel or the iuyce thereof taken in what sorte soeuer it be is singuler good agaynst al poyson so that whatsoeuer he be that hath taken poyson he shall not be hurt therewithall if immediatly he take of Carduus benedictus into his body as was proued by two young folke whiche when they could not be holpē with treacle yet were they made whole by the vse of blessed Thistel as Hierome Bock writeth The iuyce of the same dropped into the eyes taketh away the rednesse and dropping of the eyes The greene herbe pound and layd to is good agaynst al hoate swellinges Erysipilas and sores or botches that be harde to be cured especially for them of the pestilence and it is good to be layde vpon the bitinges of Serpentes and other venemous beastes Of Scolymus or the Wilde Thistel Chap. lxxi †The Kindes IN this Countrie there is founde three sortes of wilde Thistelles commonly growing by the way sydes and in the borders of feeldes and in wooddes the whiche are all comprised vnder the name of wilde Thistelles Scolymus Carduus syluestris Wild Thistel Cardui syluestris tertium genus The third kind of wild Thistel †The Description THE first kinde of these Thistels groweth about a foote a halfe high it hath a round stem ful of branches and set with prickley leaues like the leaues of Acanthium but smaller and nothing at all frized or Cottonie of a browner colour at the top of the stalke grow round rough knops set round about full of sharpe prickles in fashion lyke to a Hedge Hogge the whiche being open do shewe foorth a faire purple flower within the whiche groweth the seede lyke to the seede of the other Thistelles but smaller The roote is long and browne and very full of threddes or sucking stringes The second kinde groweth three or foure foote high and beareth a rounde naked stemme with a few branches The leaues be like to the leaues aforesaid set on euery syde with sharpe prickles but they be smaller and not so large as the leaues of the other The knoppes smal and somewhat long not very sharpe or pricking the whiche when it openeth putteth foorth a purple flower The roote is blacke and of a foote long The third kind of wild Thistel groweth also to the length of three or foure foote hauing a straight stemme without many branches but set full of cruell prickles the leaues are lyke to them of the seconde kinde The knoppes of this Thistel are smaller then the knoppes of the seconde The flowers are purple The seede is white and very smal And for his roote it is nothing els but smal hearie sucking stringes †The Place These Thistels grow in all places of this Countrie by the way sides in the feeldes The second and the third sort are lykewise founde in medowes †The Tyme The Thistels flower in Iuly and August †The Names These Thistels be called Cardui syluestres that is to say Wild Thistels the two first sortes are of that kind of wild Thistels called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie in Latin Carduus syluestris also Limoniū of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pherusa and Pyracantha Cooper calleth this wild Artichoke and Cowthistel The third is also a kinde of wild Thistel yet it is not Scolymus but it may be wel called Carduus Asininus that is to say Asse Chistel †The Nature The wilde Thistel is hoate and dry in the second degree as Galen writeth †The Vertues The roote of the wilde Thistel especially that of the second kinde which is blacke and long boyled in wine dronke purgeth by vrine and driueth forth al superfluities of the blood causeth the vrine to stincke to be of a strong smel also it amendeth the stenche of the armepittes and of all the rest of the body The same layd to with vineger healeth the wild scurffe noughty scabbe Plinie writeth that in some places men do vse to eate this roote the first buddes or tender croppes of the same as Galen reporteth but it nourisheth but little and the nourishment that it yeeldeth is waterie and nought Of Tribulus Chap. lxxij †The Kyndes THeophrast and Dioscorides haue described two kindes of Tribulus the one of the lande whiche is also of two kindes The other of the water called Saligot †The Description THE first kind of Tribulus terrestris hath long branches ful of ioyntes spread abroade vpon the ground garnished with many leaues set about with a sort of litle round leaues stāding in order one by another all fastened and hanged by one sinewe or ribbe lyke the leaues of the Ciche pease amongst whiche growe small yellowe flowers made fashioned of fiue small leaues almost like the leaues of Tormētil or white Tansey called in Latine Potentilla the whiche doo turne to a square fruit ful of sharpe prickles wherein is a Nut or kernel the roote is white ful of threedy stringes Tribulus terrestris Theophrasti prior The Saligot or water Tribulus hath long slender stalkes growing vp and rising from the bottom of the water and mounting aboue the same weake and slender beneath vnder the water hauing here and there certaine tuftes or tassels full of small stringes and fine threddie heares but the sayde stalke is big or great in the vpper part where as the leaues grow foorth vpō long stemmes the said leaues be large and somewhat round a litle creauesed and toothed rounde about amongst vnder the leaues groweth the fruite which is triangled harde sharpe pointed and prickley Within the whiche is conteined a
and like Cliuer but muche lesser and gentler very smothe and without roughnesse The flowers be yellow and growe clustering about the toppes of the branches like to wilde Madder the roote is tender with hearie threddes or strings hanging at it ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in vntoyled places and hylly groundes as vppon Roesselberch by Louaine †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names This Herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Gallium of some Galation Galerium in Spanish Yerua Coaia leche in French Petit Muguet in Douch Walstroo and as Matthiolus and Turner write Vnser Frauwen Wegstro and of some Megerkraut we may also name it Pety Muguet Cheese runnning or our Ladies bedstraw Gallion †The Nature Gallion is hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues The flowers of Gallion pounde and layde vpon burninges drawe foorth the inflammation and heate and heale the sayde burninges The same layde vnto woundes or put into the nose stoppe bleeding The leaues of Gallion mingled with Oyle of rooses and set in the Sonne and afterwarde layde vpon wearied members doo refreshe and comfort them The rootes prouoke men to their naturall office in Matrimonie The herbe may serue for Rennet to make Cheese for as Matthiolus vpon Dioscorides writeth the people of Tuscane or Hetruria doo vse it to turne their milke bycause the Cheese that they vse to make of Yeowes and Goates mylke shoulde be the pleasanter and sweeter in taste Of Woodrow / or Woodrowel Chap. lxxvi †The Description WOodrowe hath many square stalkes full of ioyntes at euery knot or ioynt are seuen or eight long narrow leaues set rounde about lyke a starre almost like the leaues of Cliuer or Goosegrasse but broader and nothing rough The flowers grow at the toppe of the stemmes or branches of a white color and pleasant of smell as all the herbe is The seede is round and somwhat rough †The Place In this Countrie they plante it in all gardens and it loueth darke shadowie places and deliteth to be neare olde moyst walles †The Tyme Woodrowe flowreth in may and then is the smell most delectable Asperula ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Latine Asperula Cordialis Herba Stellaris and Spergula odorata in high Douch Hertzfreydt and Walmeyster in base Almaigne Walmeester in Frenche Muguet by the whiche name it is best knowen in most places of Brabant Some woulde haue it a kinde of Liuerwort and therefore it is called of them in Latine Hepataria Hepatica Iecoraria and in high Douche Leberkrant The ignorant Apothecaries of this Countrie do call it Iua muscata and do vse it in steede thereof not without great errour ¶ The Nature Woodrow taketh part of some heate drynesse not much vnlike to Gallion †The Vertues Woodrowe is counted a very good herbe to consolidate and glewe togither woundes to be vsed in lyke maner as those herbes we haue described in the ende of the first booke Some say if it be put into the wine whiche men doo drinke that it reioyseth the hart and comforteth the diseased liuer Of Golden Croswort / or Muguet Chap. lxxvij †The Description CRoswort is a pale greene herbe drawing nere to ayellow Popingay colour couered or set full of fine cotton or soft heares hauing many square stalkes ful of knottes or ioyntes The leaues be litle smal and short alwayes foure growing togither standing one against another in fashion lyke to a Crosse at euery ioynt aboue the said leaues growe vp from the sayde ioyntes many smal yellowish flowers growing round about compassing the stem lyke Crownettes or garlands and euery of the sayd litle proper flowers are parted againe into foure diuisiōs fashioned like to a smal Crosse The rootes be nothing els but a sort of smal tender threds †The Place Croswort groweth of his owne accorde by trenches and water courses and is founde vnder hedges in moyst places †The Tyme Croswort flowreth almost all the sommer long especially from May vnto August Cruciata †The Names This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes in Latine Cruciata that is to say Croswort in Frenche Croysée in high Douche Golden Walmaister that is Golden Muguet in base Almaigne Crusette †The Nature It is drie and astringent †The Vertues Cruciata hath a very good propertie to heale ioyne close togither wounds agreeable for all manner of woundes both inwarde and outwarde if it be so sodde in wine and dronken They giue the wine of the decoction of this herbe to folke that are bursten and lay the boyled herbe right against or vpon the bursten place as some who haue made experience thereof do affirme Of Buckes Beanes Chap. lxxviij †The Description MArrishe Trefoyl hath brode smothe thicke leaues alwayes three togither vpon one stemme in fashion quantitie thicknesse and proportion of leaues lyke to the cōmon beane The stalke is smal of a foote and a halfe or two foote long at the top wherof grow white flowers and afterwarde rounde huskes or knoppes conteyning a yellowishe browne seede The roote is long white and full of ioyntes †The Place Marrish Trefoyl groweth in lowe moyst places in pooles and sometyme on riuer sydes †The Tyme It flowreth in May and in Iune the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called of the writers nowe a dayes Trifolium palustre in Brabant Bocxboonen that is to say Bockes Beanes bycause it is like the leaues of the common Beane it shoulde seeme to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Isopyrum whiche some doo also call Phasiolon bycause of the lykenesse it hath to Phasiolos as Dioscorides writeth Matthiolus confesseth that he neuer sawe the right Isopyron ⧠The Vertues The seede of Isopyron is good against the cough and other colde diseases of the breast to be taken with Meade or Hydromel it is also good to be taken in like manner of suche as spet blood and are lyuer sicke Trifolium palustre Of Foxetayle Chap. lxxix †The Description FOxetayle hath blades and helme almost lyke wheate as Theophrastus writeth but smaller and better like the blades stems of Couche grasse at the top or end of the stemmes growe small soft hearie eares or knoppes very like to Foxetayle †The Place Foxetayle groweth not in this Countrie but in certayne places of Fraunce in fieldes and alongst the sea coast †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Theophrast calleth this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Cauda vulpina in Englishe Foxetayle in Frenche Queue de Renarde in high Douche Fuchs schuantz in base Almaigne Vossen steert †The Nature and Vertues The Auncientes haue made no mention at all of the nature and vertues of this herbe Alopecuros Of Tragacantha Chap. lxxx †The Description TRagacantha hath many branchie boughes and twigs slender and pliant so spreade abrode vppon euery side
called of the new writers Spanachea Spinachea Spinacheum olus of some Hispanicum olus of Ruellius certayne others Seutlomalache of the Arabians Hispanach in Frēch Espinars in high Douche Spinet in Neather Douche Spinagie in Englishe Spinache Spinachea †The Nature Spinache is colde and moyst of complexion †The Vertues Spinache doth lose the belly and the broth of the same is of lyke vertue The same laid vnto hoate swellinges taketh away the heate and dissolueth the swelling Of Dockes and Sorrel Chap. ix †The Kindes DIoscorides setteth foorth foure kindes of Lapathum bysides the fifth which groweth in ditches and standing waters called Hippolapathum the whiche shal be described also in this Chapter †The Description THE first kind of Lapathū or Rumex hath long narrow hard sharpe pointed leaues amōgst which come vp round holow browne stalkes with knees ioyntes or knots set and garnished with the like leaues At the vpper part of the sayde stalkes grow many litle pale flowers one aboue another and after them is found a blackish triangled seede lapt in a thinne skinne The roote is long playne and yellow within The second kind called Patience doth not differ much from the abouesaid sauing that his leaues be greater larger softer and not sharpe pointed The stalkes be long and thicke growing foure or fiue foote high The flowers yellowish The seede is red and triangled The roote is long smal and yellow Oxylapathum Sharpe poynted Patience Lapathum satiuum Patience The thirde kinde of Lapathum is muche lyke to the first yet for all that the leaues be shorter and larger most commonly layde alongst and spread vpon the ground almost like the leaues of Plantayne the stalke groweth not al so high Of this kinde is a red sort the whiche hath faire red stalkes or purple the leaues be browne and full of red veynes out of the which being brused commeth foorth a red iuyce or liquer but els like to the other in stalkes leaues and seede The fourth kinde called Sorrel hath long narrow sharpe pointed leaues and broade next the stemme very sharpe and eger in taste almost lyke vineger The stalke is rounde and slender vppon the whiche growe small flowers of a brownered colour The seede is browne triangled and muche lyke the seede of poynted Patience The roote is long and yellow Of this sort is found another kind called Romaine Sorrel the which hath short leaues in a manner round somewhat cornered and whitish almost lyke to Iuie leaues but much smaller and neither thicke nor harde The stalkes be tender vpon whiche groweth seede like the other There is yet another sort of Sorrel whiche is smal and wild and therfore called Sheepes Sorrell The same in leaues flowres stalkes and seede is muche like to the great Sorrel but altogither smaller The leaues be very small and the little stalkes are slender of a spanne long the whiche sometimes both with his flowers and seede sheweth a blood red colour and somtimes the leaues be red lykewise sometimes also you shal finde them as white as snow The fifth kinde which groweth in waters and ditches hath great leaues long and harde muche like the leaues of poynted Patience but muche larger Oxalis Sorrel Oxalis Romana Tours Sorrel or Romayne Sorrel The stalkes be rounde growing foure or fiue foote long or more the sede is like to Patience The roote is thicke and pale of a faynt red colour within Oxalis parua Sheepes sorrel †The Place The sharpepoynted Docke or Patience groweth in wette moyst medowes marshes The Docke called Patience is planted in gardens The thirde kind groweth in dry places and about wayes and pathes The red Patience is founde amongst potte herbes growing in gardens Sorrel is commonly sowen in gardens and is to be found also growing wylde in some medowes and shadowy places Sheepes Sorrel loueth dry soyles The fifth kinde groweth in ditches standing waters and is plentiful in this Countrie †The Tyme All these kindes of Lapathum doo flower in Iune Iuly †The Names Al these herbes haue but one Greke name that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rumex and Lapathum in Shoppes Lapatium The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rumex acutus in Shoppes Lapatium acutum in Frenche Parelle in high Douch Megelwurtz Grindtwurtz Streisswurtz Zitterwurtes in base Almaigne Patich and Peerdick The second kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rumex satiuus of some newe writers Rhabarbarum monachorum of Galen also Hippolapathon in Frenche Patience in base Almaigne Patientie The third kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lapathū syluestre that is to say Wilde Docke or Patience in base Almaigne Wilde Patich The red kinde is called in Latine Lapathum nigrum and of some late writers Sanguis Draconis in Frenche Sang de Dragon in Douche Draken bloet in Englishe red Patience The fourth kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oxalis in Shoppes Acetosa in Frenche Ozeille vinette or Salette in high Douche Saur Ampffer in base Almaigne Surckele in English Sorrell Romayne Sorrel is vndoubtedly a kinde of Oxalis and it shoulde seeme to be that kind wherof the Auncients haue vsed and written most properly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oxalis The later writers do call it Oxalis Romana and Acetosa Romana in Frenche Ozeille Romaine and Ozeille de Tours in Douche Roomsch Surckele The least of these kindes is called Oxalis parua in Shoppes Acetosella in Frenche Petit Ozeille and Ozeille de brebis in high Douche Klein Saurampffer in Brabant Schaeps Surckele and Velt Surckele in Englishe small Sorrel and Sheepes Sorrel The fifth kind which groweth in ditches is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hippolapathum or Lapathum magnum or Rumex palustris in Frēch Grande Parelle or Parelle de marez in high Douche Wasser Ampffer in base Almaigne Groote Patick or Water Patick in Englishe Great Sorrel Water Sorrel and Horse Sorrel †The Nature These herbes are of a reasonable mixture betwixt colde and heate but they be drie almost in the thirde degree especially the seede which is also astringent †The Vertues The leaues of all these herbes sodden and eaten as meate do lose and soften the belly gently and the broth of them is of lyke vertue The greene leaues pounde with oyle of Roses and a little Saffron do digest and dissolue the impostumes and tumours of the head called in Latine Meliceris if it be layde therevnto The seede of Dockes and Sorrel dronken in water or wine stoppeth the laske and blooddy flixe and the wambling paynes of the stomacke The same is also good agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of Scorpions so that if a man had first eaten of this seede he shoulde feele no payne albeit he were afterwarde stong of a Scorpion The rootes of this herbe boyled in wine dronken do heale
almost in third degree especially the wilde which is more drie and of a scouring or abstersiue facultie †The Vertues These herbes eaten do comfort the weake and feeble stomacke and do coole and refresh the hoate stomacke specially the wild Endiue which is most agreeable and meetest for the stomacke and inward partes The same boyled and eaten with vineger stoppeth the laske or fluxe of the belly proceeding of a hoate cause The iuyce or decoction of Succorie dronken is good for the heate of the liuer against the Iaundise and hoate Feuers and Tertians The greene leaues of Endiue and Succorie brused are good against hoate inflammations and impostumes or gathering togither of euill humours of the stomacke the trembling or shaking of the hart the hoate gowte and the great inflammation of the eyes being layde outwardly to the places of the greefes The same layd to with parched Barley meale are good agaynst cholerique inflammations called Erysipelas and of some S. Antonies fier or Phlegmon The iuyce of the leaues of Endiue and Succorie layd to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger swageth headache The same with Ceruse that is white leade and vineger is good for al tumours impostumes and inflammations whiche require cooling Of Sowthistel Chap. xiij †The Kindes SOnchus is of two sortes the one more wilde rough and prickley called Sowthistel or milke Thistell the other more soft and without prickles which we may cal Hares Lettuce or Connies milke Thistel Sonchus syluestrior aspera Rough milke Thistel Sonchus tenerior non aspera Tender or sweete milke Thistel †The Description SOwthistell hath long brode leaues very deepely cut in vpon both sides and armed with sharpe prickles The stalke is crested holowe within spaced by ioyntes or knobbes couered or set with the like leaues At the toppe of the stalke growe double yellow flowers lyke Dandelyon but muche smaller when they be past there come vp white hoare knoppes or downie heades which are caried away with the wind The roote is long and yellow full of hearie stringes The tender Milke thistel is muche lyke to the aforesayd in leaues stalkes flowers and seede but the leaues be somewhat broder not so deepely iagged or cut in vppon the borders and they haue neither thornes nor sharpe prickles but are al playne without any roughnesse †The Place These herbes doo growe of them selues both in gardens amongst other herbes and also in the feeldes and are taken but as weedes and vnprofitable herbes †The Tyme Milke thistel and Sowthistel do flower in Iune and Iuly and most commonly all the sommer †The Names These herbes be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª in Latine Sonchu of the later writers Cicerbitae Lactucellae Lacterones of Serapio and in shoppes Taraxacon The first kinde is called Sonchus asperior or syluestrior in high Douche Genszdistel Moszdistel in Brabant Gansendistel Melckweye in Frenche Laicteron and Laceron â–ª in Englishe Sowthistel and rough Milke thistel The seconde kinde is called Sonchus non aspera or Sonchus tenerior of Apuleius â—actuca leporina in Frenche Palais de lieure in high Douche Hasenkol in base Almaigne Hasen Lattouwe Hasen struyck Danwdistel Canijnencruyt in English the tender or soft Milke thistel †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie of complexion especially being greene and newe gathered for being dry or long gathered they are somewhat hoate as Galen sayth †The Vertues The iuyce of eyther of these herbes dronken swageth the gnawing paynes of the stomacke prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone and is of a soueraigne remedie against the strangurie and the Iaunders The same dronken filleth the breastes of Nurses with good and holesome milke and causeth the children whom they nourish to be of a good colour Of the same vertue is the brothe of the herbe dronken The iuyce of these herbes do coole and refreshe the heate of the fundement and the priuie partes of the body being layde thereto with cotton and of the cares being dropped in The greene leaues of Milke thistel are good agaynst all hoate swellinges and impostumations especially of the stomacke being brused layd thervpon The roote with his leaues being pounde and layde to as an emplayster is good against the byâ—…ges and stinginges of Scorpions Of Hawke weede Chap. xiiij †The Kindes DIoscorides setteth foorth two kinds of Hawke weede the great and the smal of the smaller are also three sortes †The Description Hieracium maius Great Hawkeweede Hieracium minus primum Wilde Succorie The first kinde of the lesse Hawkeweede hath long leaues diuided and cut on the edges almost lyke the leaues of Dandelyon but not so bigge nor so deepely cut and lying flat vpon the grounde from amongst those leaues shooteth vp smoth naked brownish stalkes bringing foorth double yellow flowers in the top the whiche do turne into downe bawles or globes and do flee away with the winde The roote is long and slender smoothe and white The seconde kinde of the lesser Hawkweede is lyke vnto the aforesayde in stalkes and flowers the leaues do also lye spread vpon the ground but they be smaller narrower and more deepely cut then the leaues abouesayde This Hawkweede hath no deepe downeright roote but sheweth as though it were gnawen or bitten lyke to the roote of Deuils bit whereof we haue written in the first booke of this historie of Plantes and it is full of stringes The third is the least of al three his leaues be much lyke to the first Hawkweede and so be his flowers stalkes and rootes but altogither lesse The leaues be altogither smoothe and naked and not so brownish as the leaues of the first Hawkweede †The Place These herbes grow in vntoyled places as the borders of corne fieldes in medowes high wayes and the brinkes of ditches †The Tyme These herbes doo flower from Iune to September ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Accipitrina that is to say Sperhawke herbe or Hawkeweede Apuleius calleth it Lactuca syluatica picris and Thridax agria The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium magnuÌ„ of some Sonchites Lampuca or Sitheleas in Frenche Cichorée sauuage in high Douche Grosz habichkraut in base Almaigne Groot hauickscruyt That is to say the great Hawkeweede The lesser kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium paruum of some Intybum agreste or Lactuca minor in high Douche Klein Habichkraut that is to say the lesser Hawkweede in base Almaigne Cleyn Hauickscruyt The seconde lesser kinde is also called of some Morsus Diaboli in Douche Teuffels abbisz that is to say in English Diuels bit and in Frenche Mors de Diable bycause his roote is eaten or bitten lyke the Scabiouse Diuels bit Hieracium minus alterum Yellow Deuils bit †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie †The Vertues These herbes in vertue and
maior that is to say Great Groundswell in Brabant groot Cruyscruyt and of some Silsom in Frenche Grand Seneceon The seconde is called in Latine Senecio minor that is to say the lesse Groundswel in French Petit Senesson in Douch Cruyscruyt or cleyn Cruyscruyt the whiche is well knowen The thirde sort is a right Erigeron Senecio especially that which Theophras describeth for as it is abouesayde his flowers waxe sodenly white hoare from whēce it hath to name Erigeron Conrade Gesner calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and placeth it with the kindes of Conyza †The Nature Erigeron as Paulus writeth hath somewhat a cooling nature but yet digestiue †The Vertues The leaues and stalkes of Groundswell boyled in water or sweete wine and dronken healeth the ache of the stomacke that riseth of choler The leaues and flowers alone or stamped with a litle wine are good to be layde to the burning heate or inflammation of the stones and fundement The same mingled with the fine powder of Frankencense healeth all woundes especially of the sinewes being layd thereto The downe of the flowers layde to with a litle Saffron water are good for bleared and dropping eyes The same with a litle salt doth wast consume the kinges euil or strumes of the necke The small Groundswell is good to be eaten in Salades with oyle and vineger and is no euill or vnholsome foode Of Letuce Chap. xviij ¶ The Kindes OF Letuce are two sortes the garden and wilde Letuce and of the garden Letuce are sundrie sortes †The Description THe first kind of garden Letuce hath long brode leaues euen playne and smothe the whiche do neuer close nor come togither emongst which riseth a straight stalke full of white sappe lyke milke of the height of two foote the which diuideth it self at the top into sundry branches bearing yellow †The Tyme This Letuce flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lactuca sylnestris of Zoroastes Pherumbrum in shoppes Endiuia albeit this is not the right Endiue of some Seriola in Frenche Laictue sauuage in high Douche Wilder Lattiche in base Alemaigne Wilde Lattouwe in Englishe Wilde Letuce of Turner greene Endiue And this is the herbe that the Israelites did eate with their Passeouer Lambe †The Nature The wilde Letuce is partly colde and drie in the third degree and partly sharpe and abstersiue or scouring with some warmenesse ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of the wilde Letuce dronken with Oximel that is honied vineger scoureth by siege the waterie humours It reconcileth sleepe and swageth al paynes also it is good against the stinging of Scorpions and the fielde Spider called Phalangium It is also good with womans milke to be layde vnto burninges The same dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight and taketh away the clowdes dimnesse of the same The seede of this Letuce also abateth the force of Venus and is of vertue like to the garden Letuce seede Lactuca syluestris Of Purcelayne Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Purcelayne one of the garden the other wilde bysides these there is also a thirde kinde the whiche groweth onely in salt groundes †The Description GArden Purcelayne hath grosse stalkes fat round and of a brownred colour the which do grow vp to the length of a span or more vpō the sayd stalkes are the thicke fat or fleshie leaues somthing long brode round before The flowers grow betwixt the leaues and stalkes and also at the highest of the stalkes the which be very smal of a faynt yellowish colour The same being past there come little rounde close huskes in whiche is founde smal blacke seede The roote is tender and hearie The wild Purcelaine hath thicke fat round stalkes like the garden Purcelayne but tenderer smaller and redder the which grow nothing at al vpright but are spread abrode and trayle vpon the ground The leaues be smaller then the leaues of the other but the flowers sede is like These two Purcelaynes are full of iuyce and of a sharpe or quicke taste They are vsed in the sommer to be eaten in Salade as they vse Letuce Portulaca hortensis Garden Pyrcelayne Portulaca syluestris Wilde Purcelayne Portulaca marina Sea Purcelayne ¶ The Place The tame Purcelayne is sowen in gardens The wild groweth of his owne accorde in wayes and alies of gardens in some places it groweth vppon rockes cleeues and viniardes Sea Purcelayne groweth vpō bankes or walles cast vp in places adioyning to the sea and great store therof is founde in Zeeland and bysides the I le of Purbeck in Englande †The Tyme The garden wilde Purcelayne do flower from after the moneth of Iune vntill September and in this space they yeelde their seede The sea Purcelayne flowreth in Iuly ¶ The Names Purcelayne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Portulaca in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine in high Douche Burgel in base Almaigne Porceleyne in English Purcelayne The first kinde is called Portulaca satiua or Hortensis in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine domestique or cultinée in high Douche Heymisch Burgel or Burtzeskraut in base Almaigne Roomsche Porceleyne or tamme Porceleyne in English garden and tame Purcelayne The seconde kinde is called of the newe writers Portulaca syluestris in Frenche Pourpier sauuage in high Douche Wildt Burtzel in base Almaigne Ghemeyne or wilde Porceleyne in English Wild Purcelayne but yet this is not that wild Purcelayne which is described in some copies of Dioscorides the which is of a hoate nature or complexion The thirde kinde of Purcelayne of the later writers is called Portulaca marina in Frenche Pourcelaine de mer ▪ in Douch Zee Porceleyne This seemeth to be that herbe which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latinistes Halimus especially the seconde kinde described by Plinie †The Nature The garden and wilde Purcelayne are cold in the thirde degree and moyst in the seconde Sea Purcelayne is playnely hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues They vse to eate the garden and wild Purcelayne in Salades and meates as they do Letuce but it cooleth the blood and maketh it waterie nourisheth very litle yet for all that it is good for those that haue great heate in their stomackes and inwarde partes The same taken in lyke sort stoppeth all defluxions and falling downe of humours and is good for the paynes of the bladder and kidneyes it healeth them albeit they be exulcerated fret or hurt Purcelayne comforteth the weake inflamed stomacke it taketh away the imaginations dreames fansies the outragious desire to the lust of the body The iuyce of Purcelayne dronken hath the same vertue also it is good against burning feuers against the wormes that ingender in the body of man It is good for such as spit blood it stoppeth the blooddy flixe the fluxe of the Hemoroides
hoate decoction of the leaues and tender branches of Tamarisk boyled in wine The decoction of the leaues made in water doth stay the superfluous course of womens flowers if they sit or bath in the same whiles it is hoate The same decoction made with the young shutes and leaues killeth the lice and nittes if the place whereas they be be washed therewithal The fruite of the great Tamarisk is good against the spetting of blood the superfluous course of womens flowers against the laske and bitinges of venemous beastes They vse this fruite in steede of Galles in medicines that are made for the disease of the mouth and eyes The barke of Tamarisk is of the same vertue as the fruite and is good to stoppe laskes and all issue of blood Of Heath Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere is in this Countrie two kindes of Heath one whiche beareth his flowers alongst the stemmes and is called lōg Heath The other bearing his flowers in tutteys or tuftes at the toppes of the branches the whiche is called smal Heath †The Description HEath is a wooddish plant ful of branches not much vnlyke the lesser Tamarisk but much smaller tenderer and lower it hath very small iagged leaues not much vnlyke the leaues of garden Cypres which is our Lauender Cotton but browner and harder The flowers be lyke smal knoppes or buttons parted in foure of a fayre carnation colour and sometimes but very seldome white growing alongst the branches from the middle vpwarde euen to the top The rootes be long and wooddishe and of a darke red colour The second kind of Heath is also a litle base plant with many litle twigges or small slender shutes comming from the roote of a reddishe browne colour Erica Heath Erica altera Smal Heath with very smal leaues in fashion not vnlike the leaues of common Thyme but muche smaller and tenderer the flowers growe at the toppe of the strigges or twigges fiue or sixe in a company togither hanging downewardes of colour Carnation and red of making long and rounde hollowe within and open at the ende lyke a litle tonnell smaller then a Cornell which is the fruite of a Cornell tree The roote is tender and creeping alongst and putteth foorth in diuers places many newe twigges or strigges †The Place Heath groweth vpon mountaynes that be drie hungrie and barren and in playnes wooddes and wildernesse †The Tyme The first kinde of Heath flowreth both at the beginning and the end of sommer vntyl September The seconde kinde flowreth about midsommer ⧠The Names Heath Hather and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne Heyden and is thought of the later writers to be that plant which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Erice and Erica The smaller kinde also without doubt is a Heath and therfore it may truely be called in Latine Erica altera in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature Both kindes of Heath haue a manifest and euident drynesse †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of Heath dropped into the eyes doth heale the paine of the same taketh away the rednesse and strengthneth the sight If Heath be the true Erica of Dioscorides the flowers and leaues thereof are good to be layed vpon the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and such lyke venemous beastes The learned Matthiolus in his Commentaries vppon Dioscorides lib. j. doubteth not of this plant but that it is Erica of Dioscorides wherevnto he hath set two other figures of strange Heath sent vnto him by one Gabriel Falloppius a learned Physition Moreouer he commendeth muche the decoction of our common Heath made with fayre water to be dronkē warme both morning and euening in the quantitie of fiue vnces three houres before meate agaynst the stone in the bladder so that it be vsed by the space of thirtie dayes but at the last the patient must enter into a bath made of the decoction of Heath whiles he is in the said bath he must sit vpon some of the Heath that made the foresayde bath the which bath must be oftentimes repeted and vsed for by the vse of the sayd bath and diet or decoction he hath knowen many to be holpen so that the stone hath come from them in very small peeces Also Turner sayth that for the diseases of the milte it were better to vse the barkes of Heath in steede of Tamarisk then the barke of Quickbeme Tur. li. 1. fol. 210. li. 2. fol 59. Of Cotton or Bombace Chap. xvij †The Description THis plant is but a shrub or low tree that groweth not very high the leaues be brode with deepe cuttes or slittes smaller then vine leaues but els somwhat lyke The flowers be yellowe and somewhat purple in the middes iagged about the edges The fruite is almost lyke to Fylbeardes brode and flat and full of fayre white cotton or the downe that we call Bombace in whiche the seede lyeth hydden †The Place Cotton tree groweth in Egypt and the Indias and is planted in Candie Maltha and other suche Countries †The Names Cotton is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also in Latine Xylum and Gossipium in shoppes Cotum Bombax and Bombasum in high Douche Baumwol in base Almaigne Boomwolle †The Nature The seede of Cotton is hoate and moyst as Serapio saith Xylon †The Vertues The seede of Cotton swageth the cough and is good agaynst all colde diseases of the breast augmenteth naturall strength and encreaseth the seede of generation Of Capers Chap. xviij †The Description THE Caper is a prickley plant or bush almost lyke the Bramble with many shutes or brāches spread abrode stretched alongst the grounde vppon whiche do grow hard sharpe and crooked prickles with blackishe rounde leaues standing one against another not muche vnlyke the leaues of Asarabacca or folefoote or the leaues of a Quince tree as Dioscorides saith but muche rounder Amōgst the leaues spring vp smal knops or buds the whiche do open into faire starrelyke flowers of a pleasant smell or sauour afterwardes commeth the fruite whiche is long round smaller then an Olyue hath in it smal cornes or kernelles lyke to them in the Pomgranate as Turner saith The roote is long and wooddishe couered with a white thicke barke or rinde whereof they vse in Physicke Capparis †The Place Capers growe in rough vntoyled places in stony sandy grounde and in hedges and it groweth plentifully in Spayne Italy Arabia and other such hoate Countries it groweth not in this Countrie but the fruite and flowers are knowen vnto vs bycause they be brought to vs from Spayne preserued in bryne or salt ⧠The Names Capers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Capparis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosbatos that is to say in Latine Rubus Canis and Sentis Canis in high Douche Capperen in base Almaigne Cappers ¶ The Nature The Capers that grow in
The Description ANagyris is a litle lowe bush or shrub with smal branches vpon which growe small leaues alwayes three togither other wayes almost lyke to the leaues of Agnus castus The flowers be yellowe almost lyke to Broome flowers whiche being past there come vp long huskes or coddes in whiche is a flat fruite or seede that is harde firme almost lyke the kidney beanes but somewhat smaller The whole plant is of a strong ilfauoured stinking sauour as it were the smell of Gla. dyn or Spurgewort Arbor Iuda There is also another litle bush or shrub founde lyke to Anagyris in leaues growing The flowers do grow very thicke togither hanging by a fine slender stemme lyke to a spykie eare but yellowe and-somewhat resemblyng Broome flowers The coddes or cases are rounder smaller then the huskes of Anagyris with a smaller fruite also This plante is of no ranke smel but his leaues be greater and larger then the leaues of Anagyris Besydes the aforesayd there is founde another smal shrub or plant whiche bringeth foorth coddes or huskes also the whiche being well ordered in the growing vp waxeth a tall tree His branches are set with broade rounde leaues almost lyke to the leaues of Aristolochia clematitis or Asarum but stronger The flowers be purple and redde like to the flowers of garden or branche Peason and the sayde flowers do not growe vpon the smal branches and betwixt the leaues lyke the blossoms and flowers of other trees but they growe about the lowest part of the great branches the whiche afterwarde do change into long flatte coddes of colour somewhat blew or wanne hauing a certayne flat seede within which is harde and lyke to a Lentill †The Place These plantes doo growe wilde in diuers places of Italy and Prouince in wooddes and vpon the mountaynes †The Time Anagyris flowreth in Aprill and May the other in May and Iune but Arbor Iuda in Marche The fruite is ripe in September †The Names The first of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anagyris in Italian Eghelo we may call it Beane trifoly bycause the leaues grow three togither the seede is much like to a beane the Frenche name may be Bois puant The second is thought to be Laburnum Plinij This is not Anagyris neither yet Lotus as some do wrongfully iudge it The third is called of the Latine Herboristes in Latine Arbor Iuda Arbor Iudae this should seeme to be a kind of Laburnū or as some men thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Colytea of Theophrastus This is not that Cercis of Theophrastus for Cercis is a kinde of Populer the whiche Plinie calleth Populus Lybica ⧠The Nature The leaues and seede of Anagyris are hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues They giue the waight of a dramme of the leaues of Anagyris boyled in wine to moue womens flowers and to driue foorth the secondine The young and tender leaues of this bushe broken and layde to as an emplayster doth dissolue and keepe downe colde swellinges The seede eaten causeth one to vomite sore and vehemently Of Withy or Willow Chap. lxvij ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Withy very diuers The one riseth vp very high groweth to the bignesse and thicknesse of other trees the other remaineth alwayes lowe beareth Ozier roddes and twigges The barke of the first sorte is sometimes reddish sometimes white and sometimes yellowe †The Description WITHY hath a great tronke stocke or stemme out of whiche pring high branches or yeardes which be long straight and full of boughes or twigges which be weake and plyant and couered with a barke or rinde of a browne red colour or white or yellow alongst the which branches and twigges grow the leaues which be long and narrow greene aboue and white or ashe colour vnderneath The seconde kind of Withy called the Franke Ozier hath no great stemme but onely a great wride or head neare the ground out of which spring many Siōs and slender twigges or yeardes couered with a browne rinde or pyll the whiche yeardes twigges or roddes are very plyant and easy to turne and twiste euery way With this kinde of twigges or roddes they make Basketes Chayres Panniers and suche lyke stuffe †The Place All kindes of Withy delight to growe in moyst places along by diches and waters but especially the Oziers Salix †The Tyme Withy flowreth at the beginning of the spring time his flower or blossom is lyke a fine throm or thicke set veluet heaped vp togither about a little stemme the which when it openeth is soft in handling and lyke downe or Cotton and therefore the whole flower is called a Chatton Kitekin or Catteken †The Names Withy is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Salix in Frenche Saulx in high Douche Weydenbaum in base Almaigne Wilghe boom Theophrastus doth surname it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Olesicarpos that is to say in Latine Frugiperda bycause his Cattekins or blossoms do fall away before that his seede be scarse ripe That Withy or Willowe whiche groweth to a tree is called in Latine Salix perticalis Of this sort that whiche hath the reddish barke is called Salix nigra Salix purpurea and Salix Gallica in English Red Withy and the better sort therof is called Red sperte in Frenche L'ozier in high Douche Rotweiden in base Almaigne Roode wilghen of some also Salix viminalis bycause the twigges be tough and plyant and wil be wrought and writhed more easily then any of the other kindes of Withy insomuch that this kind of blacke or rather red Withy is without doubt of the selfe same kinde as the Franke Ozier is of for if you plant it in lowe waterishe places and cut it harde by the ground it will turne to Ozier Withy The seconde sorte hath a white or gray barke and is called Salix candida and of some Salix Graeca in English Dunne Withy and Goore Withy The third kinde hath a yellow barke and is called Salix vitellina and after the minde of some Salix amerina these two kindes are called in high Douche Weisz weiden in base Almaigne Witte wilghen that is to say White Withy it is called about Parris Du Bursauli in English Cane Withy The small lowe Withy is called in Latine Salix pumila and Salix viminalis of Columella Sabina salix and Amerina salix in Frenche Franc Ozier in high Douch Klein weiden in base Almaigne Wijmen in English the smal Withy the Osyar Withy the Sperte or twigge Withy †The Nature The leaues flowers seede and barkes of Withy are colde and drie in the seconde degree and astringent †The Vertues The leaues and barke of Withy do stay the spitting of blood the vomiting of blood and all other fluxe of blood with the inordinate course of womens flowers to be boyled in wine and dronken The leaues and rindes of Withy boyled in wine doo appease
Emotes Antes or Pismiers †The Place The Cypres tree delighteth high mountaynes and drie places It will not lightly growe in lowe moyst places †The Time The leaues of Cypres be alwayes greene The fruite is ripe in September euen at the beginning of winter Cupressus †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cupressus in Shops Cypressus in Englishe Cypres and Cypres tree in Frenche Cypres in high Douche Cypressenbaum in base Almaigne Cypressenboom The fruite is called in Latine Nuces Cupressi Pilulae Cupressi and of some Galbuli in Shoppes Nuces Cupressi in English Cypres Nuttes in French Noiz de Cypres †The Nature The fruite and leaues of Cypres are drie in the thirde degree without any manifest heate and astringent †The Vertues The fruite of Cypres taken into the body stoppeth the laske bloody flixe and is good against the spetting of blood and all other issue of blood The decoction of the same made with water hath the same vertue The Oyle in which the fruite or leaues of Cypres haue boyled doth strengthen the stomacke stayeth vomiting stoppeth the belly and all other fluxes of the same and cureth the excoriation or going of of the skinne from the secrete partes or members Cypres Nuttes cure them that are bursten and haue their guttes fallen into their coddes to be layde to outwardly The leaues haue the same vertue With the fruite of Cypres they cure and take away the corrupt flesh called Polypus growing in the Nose The same brused with fat drie figges doth cure the blastinges of the genitors and if ye put leuen thereto it dissolueth and wasteth botches and boyles being laide therevpon The leaues of Cypres boyled in sweete wine or Meade doo helpe the strangurie and issue of the bladder The same pounde very small close vp greene or newe woundes and stop the blood of them being layde therevnto They be also with great profite layde with parched barly meale to wilde fire Carboncles and other hoate vlcers and fretting sores The leaues and fruite of Cypres layde to with vineger make the heare blacke Of the Yew tree Chap. lxxxvi †The Description THE Ewe is a great high tree remayning alwayes greene it hath a great stemme couered with a graye barke that is clouen and scabbed or scalye The leaues be of a darke greene long narrowe like a fether set ful of smal leaues growing al alongst a stemme opposite or standing right ouer one against another whereof eache leafe is narrow and longer then the leaues of Rosemarie otherwise not muche vnlyke His fruite is faire rounde redde beries somewhat bigger than whortes but els not much vnlike ¶ The Place Ewe groweth in Arcadia Italy Spayne Fraunce and Almaigne also in the forrest of Ardein In time past it was planted in gardēs for Tamariske †The Time The fruite of Ewe is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and after Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cactos ▪ in Latine Taxus of the ignorāt Apothecaries of this Countrie Tamariscus in English Ewe or Yew in Frenche If. in high Douche Ibenbaum and accordingly in base Almaigne Ibenboom Taxus †The Nature Ewe is altogither venemous and against mans nature †The Danger Ewe is not profitable for mans body for it is so hurtful and venemous that suche as do but onely sleepe vnder the shadowe thereof become sicke and sometimes they die especially whē it bloweth In Gascoigne it is most dangerous If any eate the fruite it will cause the laske the Birdes that eate the beries do either dye or cast their fethers The ignorant Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse the barke of this tree in stede of the barke of Tamarisk by this we may wel perceiue what wickednes the ignorant Apothecaries do daily cōmit by ministring of noughty hurtful medicines in steede of good to the great perill danger of the poore diseased people Of the Pine tree Chap. lxxxvij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Pine trees as the noble Auncient Theophraste writeth that is to say the garden and wilde Pine trees there be also diuers sortes of the wilde Pine tree †The Description THE Pine tree is high great with many branches at the toppe parted into other round brāches set round about with litle hard leaues almost sharpe pointed or prickly very straight or narrow and of a greene whitish colour The timber is red and heauy within about the harte ful of sappe and liquor His fruite is great Boulleans or Bawles of a browne Chesnut colour and are called Pine Apples in which grow smal nuttes wherin is a sweet white kernell whiche is sometimes vsed in medicine The first kind of the wild Pine trees is high great and thicke and yet not so high as the tame or garden Pine The branches be spread abroade with long sharpe pointed leaues the fruite is short and not hard opening easily and falling quickly The second kind groweth not so high neither is the stemme growing straight vp but bringeth foorth many branches sodainly frō the roote creeping by the ground long slender easily to be ployed or bente insomuche that hereof they make Circles and hoopes for wine hogsheades tonnes as the noble learned Matthiolus writeth The fruite of this kinde is greater then the fruite of any of the other wilde Pine trees Pinus The third kind groweth straight vpright waxeth great high yet not so high as the other wild kindes The branches of this do grow lyke the Pitche tree The fruit is long big almost like the fruit of the Pitche tree in the same is conteyned triangled small nuttes like to the nuttes of the Pineapple but smaller britler with a kernell of good taste lyke the kernel of the tame Pine The fourth kind hath a long hard fruite the which will not open easily nor fall lightly from the tree The fifth kinde hath small rounde nuttes not muche greater then Cypres nuttes the whiche wil open and fal quickly From out of these trees commeth that liquor called Rosen especially from the wilde trees and it runneth most cōmonly out of the barke or from the timber but sometimes also it is founde in the fruite or apples Frō these trees also cōmeth pitch both liquid hard that which is drawē forth by burning of the wood as Theophrastus teacheth The which maner of drawing or melting of Pitch is yet vsed in Candie as Peter Belon writeth The tame or garden Pine groweth in many places of Italy Spayne Grece France and England in feeldes and gardens whereas it hath ben planted The wilde Pines grow vpon mountaynes some of them vpon the highest mountaynes where as none other trees nor herbes doo growe especially the first wilde kinde the whiche is also founde in Douchlande Liefland Poland and other colde regions †The Tyme The fruite or Pine apples are
about a cubite and a halfe long hauing vppon eche side large leaues spread abrode like winges and cut in like Polipodie At the top of some of the branches grow round about small rough and round graynes which are lyke vnto seede The Roote is great and thicke folded and couered ouer with many small enterlacing rootes hauing in the middle a litle white the whiche men call the Harte of Osmunde †The Place This kinde of Ferne groweth in woods and moyst shadowie places †The Tyme It springeth vp in Aprill with the other Fernes and fadeth at the comming of winter yet the roote abideth stil in the grounde ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Latine of the Herboristes or Herbaries of our tyme Osmunda Filix aquatica and of some Filicastrum of the Alcumistes Lunaria maior in Frenche Osmonde or Feuchiere aquatique in Douche Water Varen or Wildt Varen and of some Sinte Christoffels cruyt We may cal it in English Osmonde the Waterman Waterferne and Saint Christophers herbe †The Nature Osmunde in hoate is the first degree and drie in the seconde Filix aquatica Osmunda †The Vertues The Hart or middle of the roote of Osmonde is good against squattes and bruses heauie and greeuous falles burstinges aswel outwarde as inwarde or what hurt or dislocation soeuer it be And for this purpose many practisers at this day do put it into their brothes and drinkes whiche they make for woundes causing it to boyle with other herbes some do also put it in ther Consolidatiue or healing playsters Of Polypodie / Wall Ferne / or Oke Ferne. Chap. lxij †The Description POlypodie hath leaues of a spanne long diuided into many cuttes or slittes rent and torne euen harde to the middle ribbe or sinewe and yet not snipt about the litle leaues The roote is almost as bigge as a mans finger and very long creeping hard by the ground bringing foorth many litle leaues browne without hauing many small heares and within of a greene herbelike colour It hath neither branche nor flower nor seede †The Place Polypodie groweth in the borders of feeldes standing somewhat high about the rootes of trees especially of Okes. Sometimes also ye shall finde it growing vppon olde wythiese houses and olde walles †The Tyme Polypodie keepeth his leaues bothe sommer and winter but his newe leaues come foorth in Aprill Polypodium †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filicula and Polypodium in Frenche Polypode in high Douche Engelsuz Baumfarn and Dropffwurtz in base Almaigne Boomvaren and of some Eyckenvaren in Englishe Polypodie Wall Ferne and Oke Ferne. ⧠The Nature The roote of Polypodie is drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The roote of Oke Ferne openeth the belly and purgeth Melancholique grosse and flegmatique humours Moreouer it is very good agaynst the Colique that is the payne or griping in the belly agaynst the hardnesse and stopping of the Splene or Melt and agaynst quartayne agues especially if you ioyne to it Epithymum You must boyle it in mutton brothe or the brothe of a Cocke or Capon or the decoction of Mallowes or Beetes and a little Annys and after drinke thereof or els you may make it in powder and drinke it with honied water or Mede The powder of Polipody often put into the nose healeth and taketh cleane away the superfluous flesh growing in the nosethrilles whiche men call Polypus †The Choise The roote of Polypody which groweth at the foote of the Oke is the best and most fitte to be vsed in medicine and is called in Latine Polypodium quercinum Of Oke Ferne / Petie Ferne / or Pilde Osmunde Chap. lxiij THere is now a dayes found two kindes of Dryopteris or Oke Ferne the one is white the other swarte the which are not much vnlike one another Dryopteris candida White Oke Ferne. Dryopteris nigra Blacke Oke Ferne. †The Description THE white kinde of Dryopteris and the male are not muche vnlyke but it is much smaller and not exceeding a spanne in height and lykewise it beareth neither stalke flowers nor sede The leauâ—… 〈◊〉 white with great and deepe incisions and cuttes snipt rounde about with smaller and thicker snips or iagges then the leaues of malâ— Ferne and it hath also smal spottes or markes vnderneath the leafe The roâ—…s thâ—…e and blackish with many litle rootes twisted pressed and enterlaced one with another The blacke Dryopteris hath the stalke or stemme of his leaues blacke the leaues brownish the whiche are neyther so large nor yet so long neyther so muche creuished or snipt as the leaues of the white Dryopteris but in al other partes like and it is beset also with litle markes or spottes vnderneath The leaues of this kind do not perish nor fade in winter but continue greene all the yere †The Place Both kindes of Dryopteris grow in holowe wayes in shadowy and couered places in the foote or rootes of Okes that be aged and of many yeres continuance but yet they are not to be founde in all places †The Tyme The white Driopteris springeth vp in Aprill as Ferne doth The blacke bringeth foorth his leaues at the same time †The Names This kinde of Ferne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dryopteris In Latine Filix querna that is in English Oke Ferne Mathiolus and Ruellius both men of great knowledge do call it in Latine Osmunda and Osmunda Arborea Wherefore we considering the propertie of this herbe in taking away heare as also for a difference from the other Oke Fernes and Osmundes do thinke good to name this herbe in our language Osmunde Baldepate or Pylde Osmunde The white is called in shoppes Adianthum and to the great perill and danger of such as be sicke is vsed for Adianthum The blacke is not very well knowen of the Apothecaries but where as it is knowen they do lykewise call it Adianthum This may be very wel called in our tongue Small Osmunde or Petie Ferne. †The Nature The white Dryopteris is hoate sharpe and very abstersiue or clensing The blacke agreeth with the nature or facultie of Saluia vita or Stone Rue †The Vertues White Oke Ferne whiche is the right Dryopteris is of such strong power or vertue that it causeth the heare to fal of and maketh the skinne balde But for the doing of the same the roote must be pounde very small and layde vpon the place whiles a man is in the stoue or hoate house vntill he sweate well then it must be taken away and newe layde on two or three times as witnesseth both Dioscorides and Galen The blacke may be vsed for Adianthum that is to say Venus or Mayden heare Of Stone hartes tongue Chap. lxiiij †The Description HArtes tong hath long narrow leaues about the length of a spanne playne and smothe vppon one side and vpon the side next the ground it is straked ouerthwart with