of thys herbe together / and kneade them together / and vse them for the purposes aboue rehersed Thesame herbe beaten into pouder / made into pilles with a figge / and then taken / softeneth the belly Ground pyne put into the mother with hony / driueth furth such thinges as hurt the mother It driueth awaye the hardnes of the pappes / or the brestes it closeth woundes together It stoppeth also / if it be layd to with hony / sores that do run at large / and consume the fleshe Pliny also sayth / that it is good against the biting of a scorpion If it be dronke / it draweth out cloddy or clotted blood It maketh men to sweat if they be anointed with it It is also good for a newe cough latelye begon Some do write that this herbe sodden with vinegre / and dronken / will dryue out a dead chylde out of the mothers wombe Of Gume succorye Chondrylla CHondrilla is not in Englande that I haue sene / it is muche in hygh Germanye / and because it hath leues lyke succory / and stalke lyke rishes / it maye be named in English Rishe succorye / or Gume succory because it hath a clammy humor in it There is mētion made of two kindes of Chondrilla in Dioscorides / of the whiche the former kind is thus described Chondrilla which is called of some men Seris / and of other Succory / it hath a stalke / floures and leaues like Succorye wherefore some call it wilde succory / but it is hole together smaller / in whose stalkes there commeth furth a gume lyke milke / in a lumpe like a beane There is an other kinde of Chondrilla / with a longe leafe indented / as it were gnawen rounde about / spredinge it selfe vpon the ground / the stalke is full of milky iuyce / the roote is small wel lykinge yellowe and ful of iuyce The seconde is it / that I haue sene in Germanye The leaues of this herbe are spred vpon the ground / and are indented much lyke vnto Dandelion the stalkes and braunches are smal / and in the top of euery braunche is a yellow floure / which when it fadeth / is turned into whyte downe The Properties of Gume succorye THE leaues and the stalke of Gume succorye haue the poure to digest The iuyce boweth back againe the heare of the eye browes / that stande not in order It groweth in ranke and mauored groundes / some do recken that it is good against the biting of a serpent / because it is knowen by experience / that when the feld mouse is hurte / she doth eate it Of Chrysanthemon CHrysanthemon is of two kindes / one of them is spoken of in the intreating of Camomil / and it is called in English yellow camomille The other kind is it wherof I intreat now of The herbe which I take to be Chrysanthemon / groweth plentuouslye vpon the walles of Andernake in Germany / it hath smal leues after the figure of Tansey but manye partes lesse and much indented / it is ful of braunches / euerye braunche hath yellow floures / and wonderful bright Dioscorides describeth Chrysanthemō thus Chrysanthemon or Calchas which is called Bupthalmus of some / is a tender herbe and ful of braunches / bringeth furth smoth stalkes and leues / cut or indented it hath floures wounderfully shyning yellowe / and resembling the appel of an eye / wherevpon it hath gotten the name of oxey it groweth besyde tounes / The herbe maye be called in English Goldenfloure Chrysanthemon The properties of Goldenfloure THE floures of golden floure broken and mixed with oyle waxe / are supposed to dryue awaye the fat that is gathered vnder the skin / after the maner of a lompe / they heale the iaundies / and restore a man to his color shortly / if a man after the longe vse of the bath drinke of thē / after he is come furth oute of the bath Of Cicerbita called Sowthistel CIcerbita is named in Greke Sonchos / in English Sowthistel / in Duche Hasenkoel or Gensdistel / in French Lateron it groweth comon inough in al contres There are two kindes of Sowthistel / ther is one that is a wild one / hath more pricks vpon it the other is but soft tender / much desired to be eatē in meat / with a stalke ful of corners holow wtin somtyme red with leaues indented about the edges of them The other Sowthistel is yet tenderer / after the maner of a tre / hauing brode leaues / the leues departe the stalke which groweth out into braunches The kindes of Sowthistels are common in euerye countre / wherefore I nede not to tell nether their description largelier then Dioscorides hath done / nor their natural places of growinge Cicerbita Sowthistel Rough Sowthistel The Vertues of Sowthistel THE vertue of both is to coole and binde / therfore they are good for the hoote stomake / and also for inflammations / if they be laid vnto the place the iuyce of them swageth the gnawinge of the stomake if it be dronken it prouoketh also milke if it be layde to in woll It helpeth the gatheringe together of mater that is about the fundament and the mother Both the herbe and the root is good for them that are bitten of a Scorpion / if it be layde to in the maner of an emplaster Of Ciche or Ciche peese CIcer is called in Greke Erebinthos / in Duch Kicherns Kicherbs / and zisserne / in Frenche Ciche ou pois ciches Cicer is much in Italy and in Germany I haue sene thē in the gardine of the Barbican in London / and I haue it in my garden at Kew Cicer may be named in English Cich or peese / after the Frēch tonge Cicer is described nother of Dioscorides / nether of Theopra nether of Pliny / sauing that Pliny sayth / Ciche hath a round cod / but other pulse haue longe and broad Ccicer Theophrastus sayth that Ciche hath the longest roote of any pulse / and that Cicer differeth from other pulses by many properties / first in that it is longe in bringing furth the floure / and doth hastely bring furth the fruyte / for within xl dayes after that it is come vp / it maye be made perfit as some saye It is also very fast and harde as wood it is very ill for newe fallowed ground / by the reason that it wasteth it vpon / it killeth all herbes / and most sounest of all other ground thistel / euerye ground is not fit for this pulse / for it requireth a black and a grosse ground Ciche also as Pliny sayeth / cometh well vp with saltnes / and therefore it burneth the ground Cich ought not to be sowē excepte it be layed in stepe a daye before There are diuerse kindes of Ciches / one is called Cicer Arietinum / which hath the name of the likenes of a rames head / and this is
kinde whych is much lesse agreyng wyth the description of Dioscorides / then it that Fuchsius setteth furth For except I be far begyled / as I thinke I am not he setteth out for the fyrst kinde of Sideritis / marrubium palustre Tragi / that is water horehound That herbe groweth alwayes about water sydes / and it hath a stinking smell of garleke / it is a cubit hygh / and for the moste parte hygher / wherfore it can not be the fyrste kinde of Sideritis / whyche groweth in rockye groundes / and hath a stalke but a span long / or not muche aboue Thys kinde is called in Duche Glitkraut / it may be called in English Yronwurt or Rock sage The second kind hath braunches two cubites hygh / but small It hath many leaues in long footstalkes / lyke vnto the leaues of a brake / and in the ouer parte clouen of eche syde Out of the hyghest winges come furth certeyn outgrowynges / long and small / and in the hygh top of al / representing a rounde bowle / hauinge a rough heade / wherein is sede / lyke the sede of a bete / but rounder and harder I haue sene no herbe more agreyng vnto thys description / then the herbe that groweth in sennes / called of som Osmunda / but I am afrayd that the top of it and the sede will not suffer it to be Sideritim secundam Of the thyrde kinde of Sideritis THe thyrd kinde groweth in walles and wyneyardes / and it hath many leaues / commyng from one roote lyke vnto the leaues of Coriander / about litle stalkes / beyng a span hygh / smoth / tendre / and somthyng whytish It hath rede floures / in taste bitter and clammye If herbe Robert had had whyte floures as it hath rede / it myghte haue well ben the thyrde kinde of Sideritis But the other kinde that hath the whytish stalkes / after my iudgement is the thyrde kynde / whyche maye be called in Englishe Coriandre wounde wede The vertues of the kindes of Sideritis The leaues of the fyrste kinde layd to / do bynde woundes together / and defende them from inflammation The leaues of the seconde kynde is also good for woundes The thyrde kinde is also good for blodye and greue woundes Of the Carob tre Siliqua THe fruyte of the tre / that is called in Greke Keratonia / is named in Greke Keration / in Latin Siliqua / of the later Grecianes Xyloceraton / in Italian Carobe / in Frenche Carouge / in Spanishe Farobas / in Duch sant Iohans brot but howe that it is named in Englishe / I can not tell / for I neuer sawe it in England / yet I haue had the tre of it / growing in my gardin at Colon in Germanye / and I haue sene the fruyt in diuerse places of Italy / where as it is called Carobe Yet allthough thys fruyte be not / nether hath ben in England that I haue heard of / for all that all the interpretours that haue interpreted the new Testament / haue Englished siliquas coddes / not wythout a greate error For siliqua allthough it signifye som tyme a cod or an huske of beanes or peasen / or suche other like pulse / yet it signifieth in the xv of Luke / the fruyte of a tre / and not simply a cod or a huske wythoute anye addition / whereof it is a cod / for it is named in Greke of Luke Keration The tre is a talle tre / and it hath leaues in suche ordre as the asshen leaues growe in / but they are muche rounder and shorter / and in dede the braunche of the Carob tre is lykest vnto a bean / both in fruyt and leaues of any tre or pulse that I know The fruyt is lyke a longe flat beane / in color rede / in taste when it is ripe and dryed / swete / but vnpleasant whylse it is grene These thynges beynge so / it were better to Englishe siliquas / Carob coddes / then coddes alone The tre may be named in Englishe a Carob tre / and the fruyt a Carob / or the tre maye be named a bean tre / and the fruyt a Carob beane If any man can fynde any better or fitter name / I shal be wel content there wyth The vertues of the Carob FReshe and grene Carobes are euell for the stomack / but they louse the bellye the same dried / stop the belly / and become better for the stomack They prouoke also vrine / and specially suche as are layd vp in the stones of grapes Out of Galene The Carob beane ingendreth but a noughty iuyce / and it is full of wod / by reason whereof it must nedes be hard of digestion / and thys is an euell propertye that it hath / that it will not lightlye go doune Wherefore it were better that they were no more brought from the East countrees / where as they grow hyther into thys countre He wryteth also The carob tre called Cerotonia / is of a binding and drying nature / as the fruyte is / whych is called Ceratium / and it hath som swetenes in it The carob hath one thyng lyke vnto a chirrye / for whylse it is grene / it louseth the bellye more / and when it is dryed it stoppeth the bellye more / because the moysture is spent awaye / and it that is of a grosse substance / doth onlye remayne Of Mustarde Sinapi primum genus Sinapi hortense MVstarde is nether diuided into kindes / nether described of Dioscorides / because it was so well knowen in hys tyme. And now it is so well knowen / that it nedeth but a shorte description / whiche is metely well set furth in Pliny For he in the xix boke and viij chapter writeth thus of mustarde Mustarde is of thre kindes / whereof one kinde is verye small The other kinde hath leaues lyke a rape The thyrde kind hath leaues lyke rocket Thys is the diuision ioyned wyth a shorte description There maye be made an other diuision of mustarde by the sede / wherof one kynde is whyte / and the other blackish broune or redish It that hath the whyte sede / is muche shorter / then the other kindes that haue the broun sede It that groweth in the gardin / groweth vnto a greate hyght / and it hath verye manye and longe braunches It that groweth in the corne in Somersetshyre / a litle from Glassenberrye / is muche shorter then the gardine mustarde is / but nothynge behynde it in biting and sharpnes Mustarde is named in Greke / Napi or sinepi / or sinapi in Englishe / Frenche / and Lowe duche mostarde / in hygh Duche Senffe / in Latin Sinapi or Sinapis The vertues of Mustarde THe best mustard is it that is not wethered nor wrincled / and is rede and full growen / and when it is broken / it is grene within / and as it were ful of iuyce
Iuy / diuided into fyne corners as it were synewes / appearinge somthyng furth aboue the rest / drawyng themself into a sharp poynte The leaues are lyke Iuye in figure / sauing that they are round / and haue a sharper ende The commodites and properties of the Lynde tre The later wryters hold that the distelled water of the floures of the Lind tre / is good for the growyng and griping of the belly / and for the blody flixe / som vse the same agaynst the falling siknes The coles of the Linde tre beaten into pouder / menged wyth the pouder of the eyes of creuesses / dissolue clotted blood / and are good for them that are brused wyth a fall The middel or inner bark layd in / stepe in water / hath a slymye moysture / whyche is knowen by experience to be good agaynst all kindes of burnyng ther is no cole of any tre that serueth better to make gun pouder of / then the coles of the Linde tre Of the kindes of Tithymales or kindes of Spourges DIoscorides maketh vij kindes of Tithymales or Spourges The fyrst is the male called Chariacias / of other Comeles / of other Cobius or Amigdeloides The stalkes of thys excede a cubit in hyght / in color rede / full of bitinge and whyte iuyce The leaues are about the twigges like vnto oliue leaues / but longer and narrower The roote is thyck and woddye In the toppes of the stalkes there is a thyck busshy thynge lyke vnto small twigges / and vnder them are holowe places lyke vnto basynes / and there in is sede It groweth in roughe places and in mountaynes Thys kinde haue I sene in diuerse places of England Fyrst in Suffock in my lorde Wentfurthis parte besyde Nettelstede / afterward in Sion parke / aboue London / it maye be called woode spourge The seconde kinde is the female / and is called myrtites / and it hath leaues lyke a myrtel tre / but greater and sounde / at the poynte sharp and prickye / it bringeth furth long braunches a span longe It bringeth furth euerye other year a fruyte lyke a nut that gently biteth the tonge Thys groweth also in sharp places Thys kynde haue I neuer sene growynge oute of gardines I knowe no English name for it / but it may be called myrtel spourge Tithymalus Helioscopius Thys kind in dede hath leaues lyke flaxe / but they are much broder and longer / and growe thycker together vpon the braunches I knowe no English name that this hath / but vntill we get a better / it maye be called ether sea spourge / or flax spourge The fourth is called Helioscopius It hath leaues lyke vnto porcellayne / but thinner / and rounder It bringeth furth from the roote iiij or v. braunches / small / a span hygh / rede / full of much whyte licore The top is lyke vnto dyll / and the sede is as it were in litle heades / the ouermost busshy top of it / is turned about / wyth the turnyng of the sonne where vpon it is called Helioscopius / that is sonturner It groweth most comonly in olde wastes / and fallen dounwalles / and about cities This kinde is called in diuerse partes of England Wartwurt it maye also be called son spourge / or son folowynge spourge It groweth muche in the grounde / where as flaxe hath growen / shortely after that it is pulled vp Cyparissias The fyft is called Cyparissias / and it hath a stalk a span long or longer / somthyng redish / out of the whych grow leaues lyke vnto the pyne tre / but tenderer and smaller / and to be short / it is lyke a yong pyne trē / lately sprong vp / where vpon it hath the name thys hath also very much whyte iuyce Thys kinde groweth much in the stuble after the corne is caried in / it is so lyke Chamepitis / that if a man take not hede / he maye be easely deceyued in taking the one for the other I haue hetherto learned no English name of thys herbe / but it maye for lack of a better name be called / pyne spourge The sixt is called Dendroides / it groweth in rockes / aboue it is very large / and full of busshy leaues full of iuyce It hath braunches somthyng rede / about the whych are leaues lyke vnto a smal myrtel The sede is lyke the sede of wod spourge I neuer sawe thys kinde that I remembre of Tithymalus Platyphyllos The seuenth kynde is called Platyphyllos / and it is lyke vnto mullen / I remembre not that euer I sawe thys kinde The vertues of the kindes of Spourges The fyrste hath a iuyce whych hath the nature to purge the belly by neth driuing out fleme and coler / taken in the quantite of a scruple wyth vinegre and water But if it be taken wyth mede / it prouoketh vomite It taketh awaye wartes that are lyke vnto pismires / and hangyng wartes / and great thyck ones / lyke the heades of tyme and scurfines If it be layd to / it is also good for aguayles and tarbuncles and freting sores and fistels The sede is gathered in Autumne / and dried in the son / and lightly brused / clenged / and it is layd vp clean The sede and the leaues do the same / that the iuice doth / if they be taken in the measure of an half aceptable The rote cast into mede in the quantite of a dram / and dronken / driueth furth by the belly The seconde kinde hath lyke vertue wyth the former kinde / but that the former kinde is stronger in prouoking of vomit The thyrd kinde is of lyke vertue wyth the former kindes The fourth is of the same nature wyth the former / but not so strong The fyft kinde and the sixt kinde is lyke the reste and the seuenth kinde killeth fishe / as all the other kindes do Of Thyme THyme as Dioscorides sayeth is a litle bushe ful of braunches / compassed round about wyth narrow leaues / and in the top it hath litle heades wyth floures / resemblinge a purple color It groweth moste in rocky groundes / and in leane or bare places Allthough Dioscorides maketh here mention but of one kinde of thyme / yet writing of epithymum / he semeth to make two kindes of thyme / where he sayeth that epithymum is the floure of an harder thyme lyke vnto sauerey And Pliny maketh mention of two kindes of thyme / wherof the one is black / and the other whyte And we se that the thime that cummeth from Venis and from Candy / is of an other kind then it that we haue growyng in England Thyme is called in Greke thyme / in Latin thymus / in Duch thymian / or welsh quendell The vertues of Thyme Thyme hath the poure to driue furth sleme throw the belly / if it be taken wyth vinegre and salt in a drinke The broth of it wyth hony helpeth them that are shortwinded / and
it bringeth oute wormes / and both floures and the secondes / and the chylde also at conueniente tyme receyued / it prouoketh water also But if it be menged wyth honye and licked in / it maketh good auoyding oute of a mannis brest If it be put into an emplaster / it driueth away newe swellinges It louseth in peces the lumpes of brused blood if it be taken wyth vinegre It taketh awaye hanginge wartes / and those that are called thymi / of the lykenes that they haue wyth the toppes of thyme It is good for them that haue the sciatica / layd to wyth wyne and perched barley mele Thesame taken wyth meat / is good for eyes that are dull of syghte And in the tyme of health / it is good for a sauce or a seasoner of meat Thyme is hote in the thyrde degre Of the herbes called Tribuli Tribulus aquaticus Tribulus terrestris THere are two kindes of herbes that haue the name of Tribulus the one that groweth vpon the lanâ—â— / and the other in the water or vpon the water The fyrst kinde is called in Greke Tribolos chersea this kinde as Dioscorides describeth it / hath leaues lyke vnto porcellayne / but smaller / and litle braunches sprede vpon the grounde / and in them are very tarte meaning peraduenture by tart sharp also prickes and harde It groweth besyde waters and aboute olde houses and wayes The second kinde groweth in waters / wyth the top growynge aboue the water / but it hydeth the prick the leaues are brode / and they haue a loÌ„g footstalk The stalk is great in the ouer part and small beneth It hath litle tasselles lyke heares growynge vp in the lykenes of eares The fruit is hard as the other is The former kinde groweth in Italy aboute Bonony in plentye / where as I haue sene it And in dede the leaues are more lyke the leaues of ciches as Theophrast describeth Tribulus / then vnto the leaues of porcellayn / but they haue som lykenes vnto the yong leaues of porcellayn Nowe when as the one sayeth that Tribulus hath leaues lyke vnto porcellayne / and the other leaues lyke vnto a ciche / they erre verye sore / that ether Englishe tribulus / a thiâ—tel or a bramble / seynge that nether the leafe of a thistel nor of a bramble / is lyke vnto the leafe of a ciche or the leafe of porcellayne And as for the second kinde of Tribulus / nether can it be a bramble nor a thistel / except there be thistelles and brambles / that growe in and aboue the water / whych no man hetherto hath sene If anye man woulde knowe or aske me / howe I would Englishe in Matthewes gospell thys worde Tribulus If men will trust my iudgement / in englishing of thys worde / I aunswere / I had leuer English tribulus / a trible / or a ciche thistell / then englishe it ether a thistel or a bramble The water tribulus is called in Duche Wasser nuss and therefore we maye englishe it a water nut / or club nut / because the fruyt of it is lyke a club full of greate pykes But som perchance will saye that Theophrast an older autour / maketh two kindes of grounde tribulus / and therefore it is possible that though a thistell or a bramble haue not a leafe lyke vnto ciche / yet it maye be lyke vnto the leaues of a thistel / and so maye tribulus be a thistel For Theophrast sayeth Tribuli duo sunt genera vnus folio exit ciceris alter spinosus constat foliatus ambo terreni Lo here Theophrast maketh one kinde of tribulus terrestris that hath pricky leaues therefore tribulus allthough it can not be a bramble / yet it may be a thistell To thys I aunswere / that Theophrast in the sixt boke and fyft chapter writeth Serius germinat qui spinosus est semen praecoquis sesamae vicinum serotini rotundum nigricans septum in siliqua That is tribulus that hath the prickes in the leaues doth spruit or bud oute later The sede of them that are hastely rype / is lyke vnto the sede of Sesama / but the sede of it that waxeth rype late / is rounde / blackishe / closed vp in a cod If ye will then haue the seconde kinde of tribuli terrestris of Theophrast to be a thistel or a bramble / ye must shewe som thistel or bramble that hath round sede in a cod / or ellis I must thynke that ye erre very much that English tribulum ether a thistell or a bramble The vertues of the two kindes of Tribulus THey are both bindinge / and do coole / and are good to be made playsters of / for anye kinde of inflammation / with hony they heale the hote sores of the mouth / the sore kyrnelles about the rootes of the tong / and all rotting in the mouth / and the sore goumes There is also pressed out of them a iuyce for eye medicines The grene fruyte of theÌ„ dronken / is good for the stone a dram of it of the lande dronken / and layd to / is good for them that are bitten of a viper or adder It is also good agaynste poysoned drinkes / if it be dronken wyth wyne The broth of it sprinkled vpon the grounde / killeth flees There is an yron wyth four pykes called as I remembre a callerop that is also named tribulus / of the lykenes that it hath wyth the fruyt of tribulus This instrument is casten in the way to hinder the enemies that folow flyers very sore / it is called in Latin Murex Of Englishe Maydens heare Trichomanes TRichomanes groweth in the same places that Adianthum / or right Lumbardy maydens hear groweth It is lyke vnto a Ferne / very litle in quantite / and it hath smal leaues of eche syde growyng in order in figure lyke vnto the leaues of a Lentill / one agaynst an other vpon small twigges shyninge tarte / and somthynge blackishe This herbe is called of the Grecianes and Latines both Trichomanes / and of som Grecianes also Calliphyllon / and of other Politrichon / and of som Cellitrichon the comon herbaries call it capillum veneris / whiche name is more agreynge wyth the ryghte Adiantho It is called in Duch Widertod / and Venus hare / in English we call it Maydens hear or Englishe maydens heare The vertues of Maydens heare DIoscorides writeth that Trichomanes that is our English Maydens heare is supposed to haue the same vertue that the Lumbardy Maydens heare hath / therefore turne to the herbe called Adianthum or Lumbardye venus heare or maydens heare / and there ye shall fynd the vertues of it at large Pliny writeth that the broth of our maydens heare dronken wyth wyne / and a litle wilde Cumin / healeth the Strangurie The iuice stayeth the heare that falleth of / and if they be fallen of / it restoreth them agayne Of the herbe called Trifolium
Absinthium Ponticum Romae natum ABsinthium is named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / in Duche Wermut or Alkin / or Elk / in Frenche Aluin or Absince / in Italian Assenzo / in Spanishe Asentios / in Englishe Wormwode There are thre kindes of Wormwode after the iudgements of Dioscorides / Galene / Pliny / Aetius / and Paulus Egineta The fyrste kind is called Absinthium Ponticum / Dioscorides describeth not absinthium Ponticum / as an herbe well knowen in hys tyme euen vnto the common people Which thinge hath bene the cause / that of late yeares it hath bene so litle knowen of the Phisicians both in Italy and in Germanye / and in manye other countrees Howbeit a diligent and witty man might haue gathered of Dioscorides / where he compareth in diuerse places Absinthium Ponticum and other herbes together in likenes of leaues and branches / that this common Wormwode whiche hath bene longe taken for Pontike Wormwode / was not the Pontike wormwode that Dioscorides meant of For in the description of oure common Sothernwod / he sayeth that it hath small braunches lyke Wormwod / that is to saye / Pontike Wormwode and in the description of Santonik Wormwod he writes that it is not vnlyke vnto Wormwode / meaninge thereby as I sayed before / Pontike wormwode Then he that knoweth well by the description of Dioscorides / ether Sothernwode or Santonike wormwode / maye thereby metely well knowe Pontike wormwode / or at the lest that this common Wormwood is not the righte Pontike wormwode / because the braunches are not lyke But Galene perceyuinge in hys tyme that the ignorance of the righte Wormwode Pontike began to come in / belyke because that Dioscorides went ouer it vndescribed in the eleuenth boke De methodo medendi / fulfilleth perfectly it that Dioscorides left oute / in these wordes followinge When as there is in euery Wormwod a duble poure / in Pontike wormwode is no small binding propertye / in all other Wormwodes a verye vehement bitter qualitie But as for astriction or bindinge / which a man can perceyue by taste / is ether verye harde to be founde / or ellis none at all Wherefore Pontike Wormwode oughte to be chosen for the inflammationes of the lyuer But it hath muche lesse floures and leaues then other Wormwodes / and the smelle of thys is not onelye not vnpleasant / but resembleth a certeyne spicines or pleasant sauor / all other haue a verye foule smell Galene also in the sixt boke of Simple medicines writeth / that Pontike wormwod is not so hote as the other kindes of Wormwode be / and that it is more bindinge then bitter By thys description of Galene it is playne that the herbe whiche is called in the West parte of Englande / Herbe cypres / about London Wormwod Roman / in Freseland / Cypreskruyt / or wilde Rosmarine / of the Apothecaries of Anwerpe / and of Mesue Absinthium Romanum / and of the Colones Graue cruyt / is the right Absinthium Ponticum / and that the great bitter stinking common Wormwod / is not the Wormwod that Galene taketh / and teacheth to be taken for Wormwode Pontike For the hole description agreeth wyth the litle Wormwode Roman / and disagreeth wyth the common great leaued Wormwod / as euerye indifferent man that hath sene / tasted / smelled / and compared the herbes with the description / can beare witnes But Matthiolus whome the Spanyarde Amatus foloweth / holdeth not withstandinge these wordes of Galene aboue rehearsed / that oure common great Wormwod / is righte Pontike wormwod / hys wordes are these Some of later writers leaninge vnto the authorite of Galene libro secundo de methodo medendi / that Pontike wormwode differeth muche in kinde from it that groweth in oure countre / euen as Santonike and Sea wormwod do differ But I for my parte do beleue / that they differ in no otherwise / but that Pontike by the reason of the clyme and complexion of the region where it groweth / hath lesse floures and leaues then oures hath / and for the same cause I beleue that it excelles oures also both in bindinge and also in sauor or smellinge / whyche thinge Galene in the sixte boke of Simple medicines / where as he intreateth of Sothernwod / doeth sufficientlye declare / when he sayeth / there are two kindes of Sothernwod / the one which they call the male / and the other which they call the female / whiche thinge is determined by Dioscorides and Pamphilus / and infinit mo But Wormwod is an other thinge / differinge from Sothernwode and of Wormwode we must determine that there are thre kindes / of the whiche there is one that hath hys name of his kinde or countreye / as is called Pontike wormwode / the other Santonike / the thirde Seriph or Sea Wormwode Wherefore Dioscorides iudged well / where as in the kinde of common Wormwode he gaue the chefe prayse vnto Pontike The same Matthiolus writeth also these wordes There are thre kindes of Wormwode intreated of here of Dioscorides / that is to wet / oure common Wormwode / Sea wormwod whiche they call Seriphium / and Santonike / whereof France nexte vnto the Alpes hath great plenty Because Matthiolus is a learned man / and therefore by the opinion of his learninge euen wythoute good reason and autorite maye drawe other after him in to his error for the defence of the trueth / I will confute hys error both wyth reason and sufficient authorite Where he sayeth that Dioscorides intreateth of thre kindes of Wormwod / and that he intreateth fyrste of / is oure common Wormwod In the beginninge he swarueth from the trueth / for the fyrste kinde of Wormwode that Dioscorides intreateth of / is Pontike wormwode But the common Wormwode is not Pontike wormwode the beste Pontike Wormwode / as Dioscorides sayeth / groweth in Ponto in Cappadocia / and in the hill called Taurus / and in the description of Abrotoni / he maketh Abrotonum the female lyke vnto Sea Wormwode / and the male lyke in smallnes of the littel braunches vnto Wormwode Where as Wormwod doutles signifieth Pontike wormwode / for Wormwod rehearsed alone wythoute anye addicion / is euer taken for Pontike Wormwod / because it is more excellent / then all other Wormwodes be But the common Wormwod groweth not in mountaynes or wilde hilles / but onelye aboute tounes / diches / hyghe wayes / and in tilled and labored grounde / nether is it lyke vnto oure common Sothernwod / whiche is the male in Dioscorides / for it hath stalkes / leaues and braunches / ten tymes greater then Abrotonum the male hath / as euerye man maye se / that will compare the one wyth the other / Therefore this common greate Wormwode that groweth onelye aboute tounes / diches / and in tilled groundes wyth a leafe and braunches / ten tymes greater then Sothernwod / can not be Absinthium Ponticum of
is dronken against all the stinging of bees / waspes / and such other lyke The leaues with a litle oyle are layd on bytinges and burninges It is euideÌ„tly knowen that water will wexe thicke / if this roote be brused and put in it / so that the water stande abroad in the ayre without the dores An oyntment to soften all hard lumpes / swellinges and bruses in any place of the bodye / whether it come of inwarde or outward cause / which also is good to anoynt horse fete withal / if they be brused or swelled a littel / or if this oyntment be not redy / it shal be good to take the iuyces of the rotes / and to sethe them with the other gere in lesse proportions / and lay it to warme to maÌ„ and beast as they shal nede TAke of the rootes of Marrish malowes / or in the stede of it of Holyhock / or of common Malowes xij vnces of Lint sede vj. vnces / a wyne quarte full of the fattes and greses of hennes / gese / capones / or of netis fete / vj. vnces of waxe / of turpentine one vnce / of rosin iij. vnces Firste of al bruse as smal as ye can the rote and sede / and stepe them for the space of iij. dayes and iij. nightes in a pottel of water beynge scalding hote / when it is first put into it / but if ye wold stepe them / and seth them in whyte wine or in halfe water halfe wine / the medicine would be much stronger / let them be sodden the fourth daye vntill that ye maye se the broth al slymy / and then streyne it thorow a cloth / take of that same slymy broth a pint / and seth it with the fattes / and when as that watery substance as ye can gather / is sod away / and the onlye slyme remaineth / melt the waxe / the rosin / and the turpentine altogether / and seth theÌ„ a littel together / and if there be any foule scome / take it away / but it were better to take a littel of the fat / and melt firste therein the waxe / then the rosin the turpentine / and so to mixe them altogether / and seth then a littel / and take the scome awaye Of Marierum gentle MArierum is called in Greke Samsychos and Amarokos in Latin Amaracus or Maiorana in Duch Meyeran or Maioran / in French Maiorain or Maron some call this herbe in English Merierum gentle / to put a difference betwen an other herbe / called MerieruÌ„ / whiche is but a bastard kind / and this is the true kinde Merierum is a thick and bushy herbe / crepinge by the ground with leaues lyke small Calamint rough and rounde / it hath litle toppes in the hyest parte of al the stalke muche like scales / one growing ouer another / as the fyre tre nuttes do appere It hath a very good sauour The vertues THE broth of this herbe dronken / is good for the dropsy in the beginning / and for them that can not make water / and for the gnawing in the bellye The drye leaues laid to with honye / take awaye blew markes which come of beting / and in a suppository they bringe doune weomens sicknes They are also good to be layd vnto the stinging of a scorpion with salt and vinegre The same receyued into a salue made of were / are good for the membres that are out of ioynte and after the same maner they are good for lose swellinges / and they are layd vnto the eyes with the floure of barly when they haue an inflammation They are mixed with medicines / which refreshe werynes and such emplasteres as are appoynted to hete The pouder of the drye herbe put in a mannes nose / maketh him to nese / the oyle that is made of Merierum / warmeth and fasteneth the synewes This herbe is hote in the thyrde degre / and drye in the seconde Of Alisson ALisson hath the name in Greke / because it helpeth the bytinge of a wod dogge Dioscorides and Plinye do not agre with Aetius and Actuarius in the description of this herbe For Dioscorides semeth to make Alisson lyke vnto Gooshare / for Dioscorides commonlye setteth herbes of lyke forme and fashion together / he setteth nexte vnto Gooshore / whiche is called in Greke Aparine Alisson howebeit this were no necessary argumeÌ„t / if that I had no more profes then this alone But Pliny maketh Alisson lyke madder in these wordes Alyssos à rubia folijs tantùm ramis minoribus differt Alissos differeth onlye from Madder in that it hath lesse leues and lesse braunches Dioscorides describeth Alisson thus Alissos is a litle bushye herbe / somethinge sharpe with round leaues / and besyde them hath a fruyte like to litle buckleres / wherein is sede somthinge broad / It groweth in hilly and rough places The herbe which I take to be Alisson of Plinye and Dioscorides / is a smale herbe of a span height / and of one smale red roote / growe manye smal stalkes / whiche haue many rowelles as it were of spores / set in order and at euerye rowel or round order of leaues nere the toppe / there springeth furth a litle smal braunche / which hath floures / fruyte / and sede The stalke is â—oursquare / and somethinge sharpe The leaues in dede are not euen playne round taken seuerally by them selues / but they taken one with an other altogether are rounde in ordre If that the roundenes that Dioscorides speaketh of / be not thus to be vnderstande This herbe can not be Dioscorides Alisson The floures are blewish purple / and appere commonly aboute the ende of Maye The fruyte groweth euer two and two together / wherein is a litle blacke sede / somethinge flat / in some top a man maye finde foure cople of litle vesselles / whiche conteyneth thys sede There are none of these vesselles founde alone The herbe is hote and specially the sede But the heate appereth not straight waye / tyll that it hath bene a good whyle on your tonge / and then it is euidently sharpe and byting Aetius writeth thus of Alisson The medicine called Hiera / is to be giuen euery day not as a purgation / but as a helpinge medicine in the quantite of an Hasel nut / with an vnce and halfe of the broth of Salge / or the herbe Sideritis which is called Heraclea Some vse this alone / and saye that it profiteth muche / and therfore name it Alisson / because it taketh madnes awaye These wordes writeth he in the helping of the bytinge of a mad dogge And wher he intreateth of Simples / he writeth of Alisson thus They saye that Alisson is the herbe called Sideritis / whiche groweth euery where by the hygh wayes / it hath a purple floure / and thick leaues Actuarius describeth Alisson after this maner Alisson is an herbe like vnto Hore hound /
or sowyng The other kind is called in Latin Corruda / or Asparagus syluestris Thys kinde maye be called in Englishe Pricky Sperage / because it hath prickes growynge on it Thys kynd dyd I neuer se but only in the mount Appenine Gardin Sperage is full of braunches / and it hath leaues lyke Fenell / but muche smaller / and a great rounde roote / whych hath a knoppe in it When Sperage commeth fyrst furth of the ground / it bringeth furth certayn bigge twigges / and in the toppes are certayne buddes lyke vnto rounde knoppes / which afterwarde sprede abroad into twigges / braunches and leaues The sede of thys kynde of Sperage when it is rype / it is rede The wilde Sperage in the stede of leaues hath nothinge but prickes / in other poyntes not vnlyke the other Sperage The Properties of Gardin Sperage THE yonge stalkes of gardine Sperage broken / and taken with whyte wyne / staunche the payne of the kydnes Sperage rosted or sodden / swageth and easeth the Strangulion / the hardnes in making of water / and the bloody flixe The roote sodden wyth wyne or vinegre / helpeth membres oute of ioynte The same sodden wyth figges and ciches / and taken in / heale the iaundes / it healeth also the Sciatica and the Strangurian The prickye Sperage is good to make ones bellye louse / taken in meate and it is good to prouoke vrine it is also good for the stopping of the water / agaynst the iaundis / the diseases of the kidnes / and Sciatica It is also good for the teth ache Sperage scoureth awaye the with out any manifest hete or cold Of Cererache ASplenum as Dioscorides writeth / is called also Asplenium / Splenium / and Hemionium / and though Hemionites be a farr other herb in Dioscorides then Asplenum is / and it is called of Asclepiades / in the nynth booke of Galenes worke of the composition of medecines after the places / Hemionites / Andromachus in the same boke gyueth the same names vnto Asplenum But Galene in the first boke of Simples / and the xij Chapter / semeth contrarie Asplenum vnto all these foure autentike autours / to make two diuerse herbes of Asplenum and Stolopendrium / whilse he rehearseth these wordes / the greater diseases of the milte and liuer / require stronger herbes / that is to wit / the barkes of Capers / the rootes of Tamarisk / Stolopendrion and Scilla / called Sea onyon / and the herbe whiche representeth thesame thing by his name / called Asplenos What a man should saye in this matter / it is not very redy at hand vnto al men / nether had it ben redy vnto me / if that I had not sene two kindes of Asplenum Whilse I went by the Ryne syde / foure myles beneth Binge I chaunsed vpon great plenty of Aspleno / and there dyd I se one herbe which had whyter leaues / deper indented / and sharper leaues thē the other had in so muche as I remembre it drew very nere vnto the lykenes of a certayne kinde of a litle thistel / whiche is indented lyke Asplenum This as I suppose was the herbe whiche Galene dyd separe from Scolopendrion And yet is not Scolopendrion Hartes tonge / whiche agreeth nothinge nether in likenes / nether in description with Scolopendrion Asplenos groweth muche in Germanye / in olde moiste walles / and in rockes / it groweth also in England about Bristowe it is named in Duche Steinfarn / in Frenche Ceterache / as the Potecarye call it I haue harde no English name of this Herbe / but it maye well be called in English Ceterache / or Miltwaste / or Finger ferne because it is no longer then a mannes finger or Scaleferne / because it is all full of scales on the innersyde Asplenon hath leaues lyke in figure vnto Scolopendra the beste / which also called Centipes / is not vnlike a great and rough palmers worme The leaues are some thinge lyke Polipodium / and are indented so that one indenting is not righte ouer agaynst an other / but against euerye diuision / cutting / or indenting / standeth a round halfe circle The inner syde of the lefe is somthinge yelowe / rough / with small thinges lyke bran / or yelow scales / which with a light occasion fal of / the outer syde is grene it hath nether floure nor sede If this description can not euidently ynough declare vnto you Asplenon / take a braunche of Polipodium / and take a finger lenght of the middes of it / the nether ende / and the high ende cut awaye / cut of both the sydes the toppes and the leues awaye / and make then the remain round / and then shall ye se the very forme of Asplenon The Properties THE leaues of Ceterach haue this vertue / when they are made hote in vinegre / and dronken of for the space of xl dayes / that they wast vp the milt / but the leues must be brused laid vnto the milte with wine This herbe is also good for the Strangurian / the iaundes or guelsought it stoppeth the hichcoke or yisking / and breaketh stones in the bladder Autors write that this herbe is not to be vsed much of suche weomen as woulde fayne haue manye childer Asplenium as Galene sayth is no hote herbe / but it hath subtil partes / and therefore breaketh the stone / and maketh the milt to melt awaye Of Astragalus AStragalus is named about Colon Erdeekelen / in Nederland Erdnutte / in Ouerlād Ein Erdtnuss I haue sene it in England in Come parke / and on Rychemonde heth But I neuer coulde learne the name of it in Englishe I am cōpelled for lacke of an other name to call it Peese earthnut / because it hath leaues lyke a litle Peese / or a Ciche / and rootes lyke an Earth nut Allthough all the description of Dioscorides besyde did agre verye well vnto this herbe yet when as I had found the roote in certayne moyst places / very litle astringēt / I began to dout but after that I found that in drye places / and that it had a manifest astriction / I douted no more but that thys herbe was the righte Astragalus / allthough Fuchsius do contend / that thys should be Apios Dioscorides described Astragalus thus Astragalus is a litle busshy Herbe / growyng a litle from the grounde wyth braunches and leues lyke vnto a Ciche / the floures are purple and litle The roote is rounde as a radice / and a great wythall There groweth certayne thynges vnto the roote / stronge as horne / and black / and one wounden within an other / and astringent in tast It groweth in places open to the winde in shadow places / and where as snow lyeth longe Thys description agreeth well with the herbe that I set furth in all other thinges as far as I can se / sauinge in the roote / for the hole roote is
hath litle leaues and bitter / in forme and indentinge of the leafe lyke vnto an Oke leafe The floure is litle / and almost a purple colour It is best tyme to gather it / when as it is full of floures / redye to bringe furth sede Chamaedrys vera Chà maedrys foemina Fuchsij Chamaedrys vulgare faemina Fuchsij Chamaedrys vulgare mas Fuchsij The Vertues of Germander GRene Germander sodden in water and dronken / is good for the cough / for the hardnes of the milte / and for the stoppinge of the water / and dropsyes that are in the beginning It prouoketh also womens sycknes to come doune / and the same dronken wyth vinegre / wasteth awaye the milte It is also a special remedye with wine both dronken / and also in maner of an emplaster agaynste the bytinges of serpentes It scoureth also olde sores with honye / the same layde on wyth oyle / driueth awaye the darcknes of the eyes It cutteth in sunder all grosse humours / and openeth all the inwarde partes The leaues of Germander / as Theophrastus writeth / broken and layd in oyle / are good for burstinges / and against woundes and consuminge sores The fruyte of Germander draweth oute choler The leaues also broken in oyle / are good for the whyte hawe / or the pearle in the eye Of Chameleuce CHameleuce / called also populago / Farfagium / and Farranum is not all one herbe in Dioscorides and Aetius / for Aetius semeth to make of Chameleuce and Bechion al one herbe / for he writinge remedies against the cough / geueth the same properties vnto Chameleuce / that Dioscorides geueth vnto Tussilago or Bechion / where as Galene Paulus write in two seueral places of Bechion Chameleuce / Aetius maketh no mention at all of Bechion / comprisinge or holding it also vnder the name of Chameleuce / as far as I can se Pliny also in hys tyme sayth / that ther was some that toke Chameleuce and Tussilago to be al one And in the names that were added vnto Dioscorides / Tussilago was called Chameleuce howbeit in Dioscorides they are two contrary and diuerse herbes for he writeth contrarye description of thē in two sundry chapters Chameleuce hath leaues bowynge inwarde / and hath certeine branches but Tussilago hath plaine and streight leaues / and wanteth al kinde of branches / for euery leafe commeth out by it selfe out of the root / and not of the stalke Dioscorides sayth that Chameleuce is a grene herbe with leaues bowyng inwarde / with certeine braunches / with a floure lyke a rose / wherevpon it foloweth / seyng that Tussilago hath whytishe leaues and streight / and no braunches / nether anye floure lyke a rose / that they can not both be of one herbe This herbe that I thynke most lyke of all other to be Chameleuce / vseth to grow commonly about watersydes and in watery medowes The proportion of the lesse is muche lyke vnto a water rose / otherwise called nenufar / but the leafe is sharper and many partes lesse / and there growe many leaues on one stalke / and in the top of the stalke is a yelow floure lyke vnto the Kingcup / called ranunculus but the leaues of the floures are thycker / and turne inwarde againe / in the maner of a knop or litle belle / so that they differ nothing to loke to from the floures of the second nenufar with the yelow floure / but that they are lesse / and turne a litle more inward as I do remember / but I am sure not much But there is one thinge / that wil not suffer this herbe / that I cal Lucken gollande / to be Galenis Chameleuce and that is / that this herbe is cold / when as Galene maketh his Chameleuce hote almost in the thyrde degre When as Matthiolus a man wel sene in Simples / and as some iudge best learned in them / of al other new writers / and borne in a countrey / which is very plētuous and ful of al kindes of good herbes / which may haue comming to it out of Candy / Turky Alexandria / and out of Inde al kindes of herbes that growe not in Italy there and hath the helpe of very manye learned men in Simples as hys boke in many places doth witnes can not tell what herbe is Chameleuce in Dioscorides / it is no meruel that I a poore man without helpe / dwellinge in a bare and barbarous contrey in comparison of Italy / know it not He compleyneth of the shortnes of the description of this herbe in Dioscorides The description is shorte / but not so short as manye other be / for he sheweth thre markes / whereby he mighte haue knowen it / if he had sene it / that is the grennes of the leafe / the bowinge of the leaues inward / and the lykenes of the floure vnto a rose But if this description had bene so shorte as it is not so longe and large as nede were / it that wanted / might haue bene fulfylled by it that is written more largely of Plinye For Plinye in the 24. boke of his naturall history / and the 15. chapter / describeth Chameleucen thus Chameleuce with vs is called Farranum or Farfugium it groweth by water sydes with a leafe of a Popler tre / but greater And in the 26. boke and 6. chapter / he writeth thus of Chameleuce Bechion stilleth the cough / which is also called Tussilago There are two kindes of it / the leaues of the wilde are greater then Iuye leaues / fyue or seuen towarde the grounde whytish / aboue pale without stalke / floure and sede / and it hath a small roote Some reken that the herbe whiche is called with an other name Chameleuce / is Bechion Hetherto Plinye Now when as besyde the notes aboue marked in Dioscorides / Pliny hath put to these markes aboue rehersed / me thinke that Matthiolus hath no suche cause to compleine so much as he doth of the shorte description of Chameleuce The vertues of Chameleuce I can not find in Dioscorides any other properties that Chameleuce hath sauinge onelye that it is good for the ake of the loynes Of Chamepeuce CHamepeuce as Pliny writeth / hath leaues lyke vnto a larch tree / which is called in Latin Larix I can finde no mention of this herbe in any Autor / which hath written of herbes / sauinge onelye in Pliny / he describeth it no largelier then ye rede before Wherfore it is harde to tell which is the herbe which Pliny meaneth of Gesnerus rekeneth that the herbe whiche is called in Duche Berentopen / of other called pata vrsina / shuld be Chamepeuce the herbe that he supposeth to be chamepeuce / groweth in the top of the alpes / it is of a finger length and a halfe / bowinge somethinge doune / like a fether that standeth in ones cap and it is set about euery wher
kind of Cistus / called of some Ledon / which is a bushe / and groweth as the other Cistus doth / but it hath longer leues and blacker / which in the spring of the yere haue a certain fatnes The nature of the leues is astringent / is of as great strenght as Cistus is / of this is made gum / which is called ladanū for when as the gotes gote buckes eat the leaues of Cistus / they gather manifestly the fatnes with their beardes / and carye awaye with their clammenes it that cleueth vpon their heary and rough fete The whiche the inhabiters of the countre combe of / and streyne it / and make it in lumpes together / and so laye it vp / other pul ropes thorowe the bushes / and with them take of the clammines / and make Ladanum of it It is moste commendable that sanoreth well / and is somthinge grene / and is soune softe and fat / not full of sande / or euell fauored / and full of Rosin as it of Cyprus is It that commeth out of Arabia and Lybia / is viler then the other be The Nature of Ladanum LAdanum as Dioscorides sayth / hath the propertie to bind together / to warme / to make softe and to open the mouthes of the veynes Put myrre and myrtell oyle and wine vnto Ladanum / and it will holde still the heyre that goeth of Wyth wyne layd vpon scarres of woundes or sores / maketh them loke better fauored Ladanum poured into the eare with honyed water or rose oyle / healeth paine of the eares / and thesame in a fumigation / draweth doune the secondes Ladan put into the mother in a pessarye / or in a long fashion of a suppository / healeth the hardnes of the mother It is good to be put into medicines for the cough and in softeninge emplasters Ladan dronken with olde wyne / stoppeth the bellye / and prouoketh vrine Ladanum is full hote in the firste degre / as Galene sayth and reacheth nere vnto the seconde Of Perwincle / or Perywincle CLematis is so named of Dioscorides without anye addition / of other it is called Clematis Egyptia / because it groweth plentuouslye there It is called of Plinye in some places Daphnoides / in other Chamcedaphne / in other Vinca peruinca It is called in Englishe Perwincle / or Periwincle / in Duche Ingrien / and in Frenche Dulisseron Clematis is named in English Perwincle / and it groweth in fatt and well bearinge groundes / It hath litle braunches of the bignes of a rishe The figure and colour of the leaues / are lyke vnto a Laurell or Bay leafe / but they are lesse a great deale Thus doth Dioscorides describe Clematis It hath prety blewe floures / and the herbe crepeth vpon the grounde very thicke / one braunche wouen about an other Clematis Perwincle The properties of Perwincle THE leaues and stalkes of Perwincle dronken with wine / stoppe both the bloodye and other flixe / with milke and rose oyle or priuet oyle / thesame put into a pessary / or mother suppositorye / relese the payne of the mother Perwincle chewed / staunched the tuth ache Thesame is medicinable to be layd vpon the places that are bitten of serpentes Perwincle groweth wild in many places of Germany / and it groweth plentuouslye in Englande in gardines / and wild also in the West countre Of Clematitis CLematitis putteth furth a long branche / somthing rede / and tough / the leafe is bitinge in taste / and maketh blisteres / it crepeth vpon trees as Smilax doth I neuer sawe this plant / nether in Germany nor in England / wherfore I know nether the English nor the Duch name of thys herb / but it may be called in English Bush perwincle / or byting perwincle I sawe this in a gardin in Ferraria / it had leaues not vnlike vnto the leaues of Clematis daphnoides But they were Clematis altera longer and sharper at the ende / and very lyke vnto the smal leaues of the byting vynde / called in Latin of som Vitis syluestris Ruellius ioyneth in hys translation of Dioscorides Clematis and Clematitis together / and setteth them in one chapter / when as my Dioscorides in Greke describeth Clematis in the beginninge of the fourth boke / and Clematitis in the ende of thesame boke Which thinge Galene maketh mention of in the booke of Simple medicines / where as he checketh Pamphilus the Herbary / for confundinge these two herbes together / whose nature were diuerse Furthermore seynge that the names are also diuerse / and the herbes are described in diuerse places / it shoulde not belonge vnto a translator to make of Clematitis Clematis / and to take an herbe out of the place / where as Dioscorides hath set it / bring it by force into an other place where it should not stande / if he foloweth hys Greke exeample / that led him to that whiche he dyd / he is excusable but if he dyd it of his owne head / he is worthy blame / and not to be folowed Matthiolus hath now in hys Latin commentaries vpon Dioscorides / marked the same thinge that I noted longe before I sawe his commentaries But he maketh another herbe then I do to be Clematitida / for he maketh the wind with the douny thinge in the top about the sede / to be Clematitida / If the plant that I set furth / crepe vpon hedges and trees / as the other of Matthiolus doth / doutles it is more to be taken for Clematitidis then the other is / but I dare not holde that it doth crepe vpon bushes / like as Smilax doth / for I neuer sawe it / but at one tyme in one place But as far as I remember it did crepe vpon other bushes / as Smilax doth Thys am I sure / that when I compared the leaues of my braunches that I brought from Ferraria with the hory vinde / I found no difference betwene them at al / sauing that myne had hoote leaues withoute anye cuttinge / and the other was indented about the edges The Nature of Clematitis THE sede of Clematitis broken / and dronken in honied water / dryueth furth thynne fleme and choler The leues layd to lepres / scoure them awaye Some vse to condite thys herbe wyth Dittany to eat it Galene sayth that thys herbe is hote in the beginninge of the fourth degre Of Clinopodium / called Horse Tyme Clinopodium CLinopodion called of the Latines Clinopodium / maye be called in Englishe Horse tyme / because it is lyke vnto wilde tyme / but a great deale greater Clinopodion is thus described of Dioscorides / Clinopodium is a litle bushe full of twigges / hauinge the lenght of two spannes / it groweth in stones it hath leaues lyke vnto wilde Tyme / and floures representinge a Bedfoote / and one standinge from an other / certayne spaces goynge betwene / as we se in Horehounde Pliny describeth
be put in softenynge implaysters / mixed wythe barlye meale / the same brothe is good to be mixed in womans bathes wyth Fenygreke / and sodden barlye When they are sodden wyth rue / they are good to be powred in / agaynst the gnawinge of the bellye Figges sodden and laide to driue awaye hardnessis / they softē swellinges behinde the eares / other angrye swellinges They make rype wheles / called Pauos / speciallye yf there be put vnto them niter aryce / or lime if rawe figges be beatē wyth these / they are of lyke effecte Wythe the shell of a pomegarned they purge awaye anguaylles suche harde swellinges wythe copperus they heale the runnynge yssues of the legge / whiche are almoste incurable / if they be soddē withe wyne worniwode Romane barlye meale They are good to be layed vpon them that haue the dropsye / burnte figges laide one with a playster of waxe / are goode for kybed or mooled heles / and for ytchynges The mylkye juyce of bothe the wilde and the garden figge euen as runnynge or chese lope / maketh mylke runne together into cruddes / and louseth it that is growen together / as vinegre it takyth the skynne of from the bodye / it openyth the poores / and losith the bellye The same broken wyth an almonde dronkē / openyth the mother The same layd to wyth the yolke of an egge or Tyrrinicall waxe / bringith downe womens sycknesses It is good to be put into playsters wythe the floure of fenygreke and vinegre for the gowte It scowryth awaye lepres / frekles / skuruynes and the disease of the face / stables / runnynge sores in the head / if it be layed to wyth barlye meale It is good for them that are bytten wyth a scorpion or of anye other venemens beast / or of a mad dogge / if it be dropped into the wounde The same receaued in wulle and put into the holowe tothe / is good also for the tothe ake If it be layde to wyth fatt / it taketh awaye wertes Drye fygges are hote in the fyrste degree fullie as Galen wryteth They are hote in the beginnynge of the seconde degree / and of fyne and sutil partes The figge tree as bothe the juyce / the leaues and the tree dothe testifye / is verye hote / for they do not onlye byte or vehementlye scoure awaye / but also / do pull of the skynne / and open the mouthes of the vesselles / although figges wyth other frutes haue some euyll juyce / yet this good propertye they haue / that they go quicklye thorough the bellye / and easelye go thorowe the hole bodye / for they haue a notable vertue to scoure awaye / wherfore it chaunseth that they that are greued wyth the stone / after that they haue eaten figges voyd oute sande in theyr vrine they norishe more then the commen sorte of frutes do / but they make not fast and styffe fleshe as breade and swynes fleshe do / but somethinge lowse and emptye fleshe as beanes do Figges are wyndye / but their wyndynes endurith not / if a man eate oute of measure of rype figges / they will fill him excedinglye full of lice They haue vertue to cutt in soudre and to make fyne / by reason wherof they prouoke a man to stoole and purge the kydnes Of the Brake or Ferne. FIlix is called in Greke Pteris / in Englishe Ferne or a Brake / in Duche ein walt farne / in Frenchefauchier There are two kyndes of brakes / the one kynde is called in Latin Filix mascula / in Greke Pteris / wythoute anye addicion It growyth commenlye vpon stones It is all full of lytle winges euen frome the wote The seconde kynde is called in Greke Thelipteris / in Latin Filix femina this is the commen ferne or brake whiche the Norther men call a braken / It hath a thinge lyke a longe bare stalke / and the leaues are onelye on the top of that Dioscorides wrytith of the Ferne or Brake thus / It hath leaues wythout anye stalke or frute / whiche leaues comme oute of a thinge lyke a stalke / and the same is a cubite highe / the leaues are manye wayes deuided and full ol branches lyke fethers The sauor of it is somewhat rauke / the roote of it is black / and that goeth euen by the ouermoste parte of the grounde It is also longe / and putteth furth manye branches / the taste therof is somewhat byndynge It groweth in montaynes and in stonye placyes The female brake hath leaues lyke vnto the male full of branchis / hyer from the grounde / whiche growe not all vpon one herbes synnewe as it were / as the other Filix Ferne or a Brake doth / but vpon diuers and manye lytlen synnowes lyke stalkes This kynde hath manye longe rootes writhen one by an other / whiche beyng somthynge yelow turn toward a black Some also are founde red Dioscorides denyeth that the Ferne hath anye frute / and therbye that it hath also no seede / but not onelye the opinion of the commen people is / that the Ferne hath sede / but also it is the opinion of a Christen Phisicion / named Hieronymus Tragus / who doth not onlye saye that Ferne hath sede / but wrytith that he founde vpon mydsomer euen sede vpon Brakes I haue taken oute of his herbal his wordes concernynge that matter / haue translated that into Englishe after this maner folowinge Although that all they that haue writen of herbes / haue affyrmed and holden / that the Brake hath nether sede / nor frute yet haue I dyuers tymes proued the contrarye / whiche thinge I will testefye here in this place / for there sakes that be studentes in the knowledge of herbes / I haue foure yeres together one after an other vpon the vigill of saynt Iohn the Baptiste whiche we call in Englishe mydsomer euen soughte for this sede of Brakes vpon the nyghte / in dede I fownde it earlye in the mornynge before the daye brake / the sede was small blacke and lyke vnto poppye I gatherid it after this maner I laide shetes and mollen leaues vnderneth the brakes whiche receyued the sede / that was by shakynge and beatynge broughte oute of the branches and leaues Manye brakes in some places had no sede at all / but in other places agayne a man shall fynde sede in euerye brake / so that a man maye gather a hundred oute of one brake alone / but I went aboute this busynes / all figures / coniurynges / saunters / charmes / wytchcrafte / and sorseryes sett a syde / takynge wyth me two or three honest men to bere me cōpanye / when I soughte this seede / all the villages aboute / did shyue wyth bonfyers that the people made there / sometyme when I soughte the sede / I fownde it / and sometyme I fownde it not Somtyme I founde muche / and sometyme
altogether rounde and wtout corners / and the leues of the moste parte of our comon peasen ar roūde / the comon white peason and other lyke vnto them in form and fasshon can not be pisa of the old writers The comon gray pease with the long leues / which is not round / but cornered / is ether the pisum of the old writers / or ellis I know it not all The vertues of peasen out of Galene PEasen of theyr hole substance haue a certayn lyknes with fabis which ar called of the moste parte of learned men and taken for our beanes and ar after the same maner takē in that fabe ar But they differ in these two poyntes / frō fabis both in that they ar not so wyndy / and that they haue not suche a scowryng nature / therfore go slowlier down throw the belly Galene in that place where as he writeth of fabis / sayeth that all thynges which ar fryed want the wyndenes that they had before / but that they ar harder of digestion Then the perched or burstled peasen which ar called in Northumberlād carlines by Galenis ruel / ar not so wyndye as otherwaies dressed / ar harder to be digested / although they noy not so muche with theyr wyndenes The physiciones of Salern wryte thus of peasen in theyr booke whiche they wrote vnto the kyng of Englande Sunt inflatiua cum pellibus atque nociua Pellibus ablatis sunt bona pisa satis That is peasen with theyr skinnes ar wyndy and noysum / but when as that skynnes ar takē away they ar good inoughe Thus do they say But for all theyr sayng / I will aduise all them that haue ether wyndy stomackes / or miltes / that they vse not much pease at any tyme / howsoeuer they be dressed / except there be ether anis sede / or cumin / or mynte / or som other sede or herb of lyke propertie put thereto Wherefore I must nedes commēde the honest and lerned Physicianes who of olde tyme haue taught our cookes to put the pouder of mynte in to pease potage / for that taketh away for the moste parte the wyndines of the pease / which might els hurt all men disposed vnto any wyndines ether in the milt or stomack The cause why I do commend them is / because they haue don bothe accordyng vnto reason and to the learnyng of Galene who wrytyng of peasen / and other wyndy meates / sayeth that whatsoeuer wyndines is in any kynde of meat / the same may be amended by such herbes as ar hote and make subtile and fyne Of pitiusa or pyne spourge out of Dioscorides PItiusa is iudged to differ in spicie or kynde from the cypresse spourge / called in latin cyparissias Wherefor it is numbred amongest the kyndes of tithimales Pitiusa which I name pyne spourge bryngeth furth a stalk longer thē a cubit / hauyng many knees or ioyntes The leues ar sharp small lyke vnto the leues of a pyne tre The floures ar small / in color purple / the sede is brode as a lentil is The roote is whyte / thyck / and full of iuice Thys same is found in som places a great bushe Hytherto Dioscorides Thys pitiusa is called of the common Herbaries and apothecaries esula maidr / but how that it is called in Englishe / I can not tell / allthoug it be foūd in many places of Englād But leste it shuld be without a name / I call it pyne spourge after the Greke name and lyknes of the leues of it vnto the leues of a pyne tre It may also be called lynespourge / of the lyknes that it hath with linaria The comon herbaries hold that it is hard to discern esulam from linaria / and therfore they haue made a verse whereby a man may learn to discern the one from the other / but the verse is thys Esula lactescit linaria lac dare nescit Pinespourge hathe much milck / which linari lacketh in hyr lefe But because linari is also lyke the Cypresse spourge which is much lesse then thys is it wer best for the auoydyng of confusion continually to call pitiusam pine spourge The great kynde that Dioscorides maketh mention of / haue I sene in diuerse places of Germany / first a litle benethe Colen / by the Rhene syde / and afterward / besyde Wormes in high Germany I haue sene it diuerse tymes as hyghe as a man / and somtyme much lōger Thys herbe may be called in English spourge gyāt / or merrish or water spourges / because it groweth only in merrish and watery groundes The vertue of pitiusa out of Dioscorides TWo drammes of pitiusas rote with mede purgeth / so doth a dram of the sede / so doth a spounfull of the sap made in pilles with flour Thre drammes of the leues / may be taken for a purgation Of plantayn or weybrede Plantago maior Plantago minor Plantago II. minor Plantago aquatica THere at two kyndes of plantayn or Waybrede the lesse and the greater The lesse hath narrower leues / lesse and smother / softer and thynner It hath litle stalkes bowyng to the grounde / full of corners and pale yelowishe floures The sede is in the top of the stalkes The greater is larger with brode leues lyke vnto a bete The stalk in thys kynde is full of corners / somthyng redish of a cubit hyght / set about with small sede from the myddes vnto the top The rootes ar tender roughe / white / and of the thiknes of a finger It groweth in myri places in hedges and in moyst places / and the greater is the better Hyther to Dioscorides Besyde these two kindes there ar diuerse mo besyde which may all well be conteyned vnder these / sauyng it that groweth by the see syde only / which semeth to be a seuerall kynde from all the rest The greatest kynde is called in the South parte of England plantayn or grete plantayn / in the North countre waybrede or grete weybrede The lesse kynde is called sharp waybred or sharp plantayn / and in many places rybgrasse The Duche call the great plantayn breid Wegerich / and the lesse Spitzwegerich The vertues of bothe the Plantaynes or waybredes out of Dioscorides THe leues of plantayn / haue a drying pour and byndyng together Wherfore if they be layd to / they ar good for all perillus sores and hard to heale / and suche as draw towarde the comon lepre / and for such as ar flowyng or rynnyng and full of foul mater They stopp also the burstyng out of blood / carbuncles / fretyng sores / crepyng sores / ryght blaynes / or ploukes / they couer with a skin olde sores vneuen / and sores all moste vncurable / they heal vp corners / and hollow sores They heal also the bytyng of a dog / and burned places / and inflammationes or burnynges / and the inflammationes or
burnyng heat of swelled places / called Erispilata / or of other saynt Antonies fyre / agaynst crepinge sores and fretinge sores / agaynst the inflammationes of the eyes / agaynst burning and hote goutes It is good to poure vpon the head that aketh / the iuyce of Housleke wyth perched barley mele and rose oyle / the same to be geuen in drinke vnto them that are bitten of the felde spider It is also geuen vnto them that haue a great lax / or the blody flixe If it be dronken wyth wine / it driueth out of the bellye brode wormes if it be serued after the maner of a suppository vnto weomen / as the place inquireth / it stoppeth the issue of weomen the iuice also is good for them that are blare eyed / if it come of blood The leaues of the second kinde / called stone crepe / hath the same nature that Housleke hath The thyrde kinde called Vermicularis / hath an hote nature / and sharpe and blisteringe / and power to dryue awaye wennes / if it be layed to wyth swynes grese Of the corne called Spelt Zeae primum genus Zeae alterum genus SEmen is called in Greke Zeia / in Italian Splelta pirra biada and alga / in Duche speltz / it may in English be called spelt howbeit I neuer sawe it in England There are two kindes of zea / whereof the one is called single / and the other two cornes / because it hath the sede ioyned together in two chaffy coueringes The fyrst kind is called in Duche Tinkel The seconde kinde is called speltz / and is comon about Weissenburg in hygh Almany / viij duch myle of thys syde of Strasburg And there all men vse it in the stede of wheat / for there groweth no wheat at all Yet I neuer sawe fayrer and pleasanter bread in any place in all my lyfe / then I haue eaten there / made only of this spelt / the corn is muche lesse then wheat / and shorter then rye / but nothing so black The vertues of Spelt DIoscorides writeth / that spelt is good for the stomack / and that if it be taken in bread / it norisheth more then barley / and lesse then wheate If any man desyre to knowe any more of the fashon and properties of spelta / let him rede Galene of the poures of wheates and norishmentes / and Theophrast in the seuenth booke of plantes / there he shall haue it / that he desyreth Of Groundsell Senecio SEnecio is named in Greke Erigeron / in Englishe Groundsel or Groundiswil / in Duch kreutzwurtz Grounsel hath a stalk a cubit hygh / somthyng rede / litle leaues growyng together / indēted in the outermost partes / after the maner of the leaues of rocke / but muche lesse It hath yelowe floures / whyche shortlye ryue / and wyther into doun / whervpon it hath the name in Greke Erigeron / because the floures after the maner of heare waxe hory in the spring of the yeare The roote is nothinge wurth / it groweth most in mud walles and about cyties The vertues of groundsell THe leaues and the floures haue a coolinge nature / wherefore if they be brused / and layed to wyth a litle wyne / they heale the burninge heat or inflammation of the stones / and of the fundament / the same thinge wil they do / if they be layed on alone but layed to wyth the fyne pouder of Frankincense / it healeth both the woundes / and of the synewes / and other places / the downe also of it / layd to wyth vinegre alone / is good for the same purposes / but the freshe downe if it be dronken / strangleth the hole stalke sodden wyth water / and dronke wyth maluasey / healeth the ake of the stomack that ryseth of choler Of wild thyme Serpillum BOth Dioscorides and Plinye make two kindes of Serpillum / that is of crepinge thyme But they do not agre in the description of them for Dioscorides describeth Serpillum thus / one kinde of Serpillum groweth in gardines / and resembleth Mergerum in smell / and it is vsed to be put in garlandes it hath the name of serpendo / that is of crepinge / because whatsoeuer parte of it toucheth the grounde / it fasteneth rootes therein It hath leaues and braunches lyke Organe / called of som wilde Mergerum / but whyter but if it be set about hedges / it groweth more lustely the other kind is wild / and is called zigis This doth not crepe / but standeth right vp / and it putteth furth small stalkes / after the maner of a vind / whych are full of leaues lyke vnto rue / but the leaues are narrower / longer and harder / the floures haue a bytinge taste / the smell of it is very pleasante / the roote is nothynge wurth It groweth more stronger in rockes / and it is hoter / then it of the gardine / and is fitter for physick But Pliny wryteth thus of Serpillum Men thynke that it hath the name of serpendo / that is of crepinge / whyche thynge it chanseth in the wilde / and speciallye vpon rockes / the gardine serpillum crepeth not / but groweth vnto the hyght of a span it is fatter that groweth of hys owne will / and hath whyter leaues and boughes / and it is good agaynst serpentes Hetherto Pliny Nowe ye se the contrary iudgement of these two greate learned men / wherof the one sayeth the gardin serpillum crepeth not / but groweth ryght vp It is harde to tell to whether of these a man should stick the authorite of Dioscorides moueth me to stande of hys syde / but som experience as I shall declare hereafter / maketh me rather leane vnto Pliny / for as I haue seldom sene anye serpillum / though it had ben brought surth of the feldes / and set in the gardine / crepe and take routes from the ioyntes of the braunches so I neuer sawe anye in the felde that grew alltogether streyght vp / from the ground specially / if it were of any age / but dyd alwayes crepe and grow along by the grounde howbeit I grant that euen the wilde serpillum / when as it bringeth furth hys top and floure / hath a litle stalke aboue the ground about vj. inches longe / or therabout it is possible that Dioscorides loking vpon the wilde serpillum / about the tyme of flouringe / and not considering it at other tymes / dyd therefore geue sentence that the wilde serpillum dyd not crepe / but that it of the gardine should crepe / and take routes in the grounde at the ioyntes / it is contrarye to my experience / except he mean of such as is brought from the feldes / and is planted in the gardin / for allthough it busheth largely / and groweth somthyng asyde / yet it fastneth very seldom any rootes in the grounde / whereof the cause maye be / that the gardineres will not
for the head ache they are also good for the styngynge of waspes and bees If it be dronken / it stoppeth perbreakynge This herbe is of an hote nature / euen hote and drye in the second degre / whylse it is grene / hote and drye in the thyrde degre when it is dryed / and in the same degre is the former sisymbrium Of the puls called smilax hortensis and in English Kidney beane Smilax hortensis SMilax of the gardin / whose fruytes are called lobia / that is coddes or huskes or shales / is called sperage It hath leaues lyke vnto Yuy / but softer and smaller stalkes / and claspers wounden in busshes / whereunto they are set / whych increase to that greatnes / that they make arborres and thynges lyke tentes It hath a fruyte lyke Fenegreke / but longer and more notable / where in are sedes lyke vnto kydnes / not all of one color / but are for a parte somthynge redishe The vertues of Kidney beanes THe fruyt is sodden wyth the sede / and it is eaten after the maner of a wurt or eatable herbe / as sperage is eaten / it maketh a man make water and causeth heuy dreames Of the sharp Smilax Smilax aspera THe sharpe smilax hath leaues lyke vnto wodbinde / and many smal braunches / full of prickes / lyke vnto paliurus or the bramble It windeth it self aboute trees / crepinge vp and doune It beareth a fruyt full of berryes / as a litle cluster / growyng out of the top of the smal braunches / whych is rede / when it is rype / and biteth a litle in tast It hath an harde roote and thyck It groweth in merrish and in rough groundes The vertues of the sharp Smilax THe leafe and fruyte of thys / are a preseruatiue or triacle agaynst dedlye poysones / whether they be taken before or after Som write that if anye man geue a litle of these broken into pouder vnto a newe borne chylde / that he shall neuer after be hurt wyth anye deadlye poyson It is also put in to preseruatiue medicines to helpe agaynst deadly poysones Of the smooth Smilax or great arbor wynde The smoth smilax / whyche maye be called in English Arbor winde / or great winde / or with winde / hath leaues lyke to Iuy / but softer and smoother / and thynner / and longe braunches / as the rough smilx / whyche are wythout prickes Thys doth also wind it self aboute trees as the other It hath a fruyte lyke a Lupine / black and litle It hath aboue manye whyte floures / and rounde thorowe oute all the braunches and there of are made arbores or summer houses But in Autumne / the leaues fall of Thus far Dioscorides As for the sharpe smilax / I haue sene it diuerse tymes / and I am sure the description of Dioscorides agreeth well wyth it hetherto haue I founde no herbe / wherewyth the hole description of smilax leuis doth agre For allthough the greate wynde wyth the great bell floure be in all other partes agreynge wyth the description of Dioscorides yet the fruyt agreeth not / for it is not lyke vnto the fruyte of Alupine Aetius also in the healinge of a dropsey / sayeth that the smilax / whyche groweth in the hedges by the water syde / bringeth furth coddes as the kidney beane doth / called gardin smilax But I neuer sawe anye kinde of wynde / or wyth winde / or arbor winde / haue anye suche cod / wherefore I must confesse / that I neuer sawe the rygt herbe / whyche is called smilax leuis The herbe that Matthiolus setteth furth in hys figure for smilax leuis / hath nether a sede lyke Lupine / nor yet coddes lyke vnto the puls / called smilax hortensis wherefore it can not be smilax leuis in my iudgement / excepte that there be other kindes of Lupine / then euer I haue sene / and other kindes of coddes or huskes of the gardin smilax / then haue cummed to my syght The herbe that Matthiolus setteth furth for smilax leuis / is in my iudgement the fyrste kinde of Volubilis in Mesne / where of he writeth thus There is one great kinde of wynd or wythwinde / whych hath mylke in it / and is called in Latin Funis arborum / that is the rope of trees / it hath a whyte floure lyke vnto a bell Dioscorides taketh it for a temporat herbe / or ellis a litle hoter / then temporate / and to be drye in the second degre It resolueth / rypeth / scoureth / louseth and openeth the mouth of the vesselles of the vaynes / and therefore it is geuen wyth tragagant / mastick / spicknard / and whaye / it deliuereth men from the stoppinge of the liuer and the vaynes / that goeth betwene the liuer and the guttes / and therefore it healeth iaundes wyth the iuyce of persely / and sicorye or whaye / it purgeth gentely burnt choler / and therefore it helpeth rotten agues / and speciallye suche as are longe cholerick agues / it scoureth also awaye the excrementes and outcastes of the brestes and lounges / and therefore it is good for them that are shortwinded Of Nighte shad NIghte shad or Petemorell is called in Greke Strichnos / in Latin Solanum / in Barbarus latin Solatrū / in Duche Nacht schad / in Frenche Morelle Night shad is a bushy herbe / whyche is vsed to be eaten / it is not very great / it hath many holes lyke vnto Arne holes at the setting on of the braunches and the stalk Solanum somniferum It hath black leaues and greater then basil / and broder it hath a rounde grene berrye / the berrye is ether black or rede / when it is rype / the herbe hath a gentle taste wythout hurt The vertues of Nyghte shad THe nature of it is to coole / wherefore the leaues layd to wyth perched barley mele / is good for saint Antonies fyre / that is a colerick inflammation and it is good against tetters If the leaues be layd to by them selues / they are good to heale the inflammation in the corner of the eye / called Egelopa / whyche is disposed to brede a fistula / and also the head ache they are also good for an hote or boylinge stomack They dryue awaye the hote imposteme behynde the eare / called Parotis / if they be broken and layd to wyth salt The iuice is also good for the hote inflammation / and tetters and such lyke rinnyng sores or hote scurf or scabbes / if it be layd to wyth whyte lede rose oyle and litarge / and wyth bread / it heleth the disease of the eye / called Egilopa It is good for children that haue that burning in the head / for the inflāmation of the brayn / fylmes skinnes that go about it If it be poured wyth rose oyle vpon ones head / it is menged wyth ey medicines in stede of water or of an egge
iuice of panicis Also if they be layde vnto louse nayles / they make them come of the soner Of wall penny grasse VMbilicus veneris is named in Greke kotyledon scytalion and cymbalion It hath a leafe lyke vnto the hole that receyueth the rounde ende of the huckel bone / whiche hath the forme of a sawser / rounde and darkly holowe / a short stalk in the middes / wherein groweth sede It hath a rounde roote lyke an olyue Thys herbe groweth in welles and diuers places of Summerset shyre in more plentye / then euer I sawe in anye other place all my lyfe I knowe no English name for it but lest it should be wythout a name / I call it wall penny grasse To put a difference betwene it and the shepekyllinge penny grasse / that groweth in merishe and waterye groundes As for the other kinde / I neuer sawe it that I wote of / excepte I sawe it paynted in Matthiolus / but his seconde kinde is set oute wyth lesse leaues then the former is / whych agreeth not wyth the description of Dioscorides / who maketh the seconde kinde bigger then the former The vertues of wall pennye grasse THe iuyce of the leaues layd to wyth wyne / or poured in / louseth the stoppinge of the priuities The same layde to / is good for the inflammationes / and saint Antonies fyre / for kybed heles / and wennes / burninge stomackes But the leaues taken in meate wyth the rootes / breake the stone / prouoke water / and they are geuen wyth honied wine to them that haue the dropsey Of the Elm tre Vlmus VLmus is named in Greke Ptelea / in Duche ein ilm baum / in English an Elm tre / it groweth comonly in all countrees Theophraste maketh two kindes of elm / the elm of the playne and mount elme The playne elme is more braunchie or full of braunches the mount elme is of greater grouth the leafe is not diuided / lightly iagged about / longer then a peare tre lefe / rough and not smothe This tre is notable both in greatnes and in leingth It loueth moyste groundes the tymbre is yelowe / strong / full of synewes / and euel fauored / for it is al hart Virgil also maketh the elm an hygh tre in thys verse Nec gemere aeria cessabit turtur ab vlmo The vertues of the Elm tre THe leues / the boughes / and the barck of the elm tre / haue a binding vertue the leaues are good for the lepre / layd to with vinegre / they bind woundes together / but the bark is better / therfore if it be bound to as a swadling band But the thicker barck dronken with wine or water in the quantite of an vnce / driueth out fleme If broken bones be sprengled washed with the broth of the leaues / or the barke of the roote / they will soner be couered with an hard crust grow together But the iuyce that is in the knoppes or buddes that come fyrst furth if it be layd to / it maketh the face very clere the same moysture after that it is dried vp / is resolued into litle flies like ganattes The fyrste grene leaues are sodden for kichin or sowell as other eatable herbes be Of the Nettell Vrtica Romana Vrtica maior Vrtica minor VRtica is named in Greke acadyphe / and knide in English a nettel / in Duche ein nessel / in French ortye There are two kindes of nettels the one is wilder sharper and broder / and it hath blacker leaues the sede is lyke lynt sede / but lesser This is the kinde that is called Vrtica Romana / and it groweth in Englande onlye in gardines but in Italy / and in Mentz in Germanye it groweth wilde as our comon nettel doth The second kinde hath small sede / and is not so sharpe as the other is / and this take I to be our comon nettel of Englande The vertues of Nettels THe leaues of both the kindes of nettels / layd to wyth salt / heale the biting of a dog / sores called gangrenes / and other cākred sores / and foule sores / and partes out of ioynte / lumpes / swellinges behind the eares / swelling of kirnelles lyke bread / and impostemes The same are good to be layde on the milt wyth waxe The leaues broken and put in wyth the iuyce / stoppeth the gussing out of blood of the nose If they be brused / and put in with myr / they bringe doune floures The grene leaues layde to / set the mother in her place agayn / when it is fallen doune The sede dronken with maluasey / ster a man to the pleasure of the bodye / and openeth the mother the same licked vp wyth hony / is good for the stopping of the pipes / for the pleuresy and long sought or inflammation of the lunges It bringeth out tough fleme whyche cleueth fast in the brest or lunges The leaues sodden wyth shell fishe / soften the belly / louse winde / and make a mā pisse But then it bringeth fleme beste out of the brest / when it is soddē wyth a tyfan The broth of the leaues that are sodden wyth myrr if it be dronken / it will bring doune weomens floures the iuice if a man gargle with it / it is good for the inflāmation of the vuula Of Clot bur Xanthium XAnthium is named in duch betlers leuß or klein kletten / in French glouteron / in English clot bur or dich bur / it groweth in fat groundes and in diches / that are dryed vp it hath a stalk a cubit long / fat and full of corners / and therein many winges or holow places like armeholes The leaues ar like vnto a reche cut about the edge / wyth a smell lyke cresses the fruyt is round / as a big olyue / full of prickes / as the pilles of the playn tre are / and they will stick vpon your clothes / if ye touche them The vertues of Diche bur THe dich bur is good to be layd vnto swellinges The broth of the bark of the roote dronken / wasteth away the swelling of the milt / and the broth of it / if it be sodden wyth wyne / fasteneth louse teth / if the mouth be wasshed therewyth Of Xyris or Spourgwurt Xiris XYris hath leaues lyke floure de Lice / but broder and sharp in the top / and a great stalk of a cubit hyght / cominge oute of the leaues wherein are thresquared coddes / and in them is a purple floure / and it that is in the middes / is of a cremesin color / and there is sede in the sede vesselles / lyke the fruyte called Faba in Latin / rounde / rede and bytinge the roote is parted wyth many ioyntes / and it is long and rede in color Diuerse learned men holde that thys is the herbe / whych is comonly called of the comon herbaries spatula fetida /
there reade wherin are white flowres which haue a little blew scattered in them here and there 77 19 For clephantia read elephantia 78  Note that the figure set out for virga aurea is not so well made as it shoulde be for it wanteth indented leaues 78 10 For two kindes herbe reade two kindes of this herbe 79 8 For of uuula read of the vuula 79 35 For a brode hory thing read a brode red horie thing 79 40 For operieus read experience 80 7 For call read called 80 13 For hath mention read hath made mention 80 15 For swigerland read swicherland 80 17 For verbascum read verbascula 80 20 For prinrose read primerose 80 28 For experience it hath read experience that it hath 80 47 For bone read bones 81 15 For striken read striking 81 17 For that is out of the whole herbe read that is stilled out of the whole herbe 81 32 For a sodereth read and sodereth 81 32 For kynyes read chymneys 81 35 For the stodes read the seedes Of the herbe called Saucealone Alliaria ALliaria is called in English Saucealone / and Iack of the hedge / in Duch Lenchel or Saußkraut / in Frenche Aliayre Saucealone groweth in hedges and in wild places alone with out anye setting / and it commeth vp in the moneth of Aprill with broade leaues like vnto a violet / but broader and grener / whiche when they are broken and rubbed / smell muche lyke vnto Garleke and therefore it is called Alliaria / that is Garleke wurt / The stalke is long / and in the toppe are whyte floures / out of the which after growe litle hornes / which haue in them black sedes like to mustard or Selendine sede The complexion and vertues of this herbe THis herbe is hote at the lest in the ende of the second degre after the rules of Galene / who teacheth vs to iudge of the hete coldnes of herbes / by the tast of the tong It is commonly vsed both in England and in Germany / to be put in sauces in the springe of the yeare / wherfore the English men call it Sauce alone / the Germanes Saußkraut This is good for thē that haue a cold stomake / and it is good to be minged with other cold herbes to delaye the coldnes thereof But it is not good for them that are of a cholerike nature / or haue hote blood / or be disposed to the head ake Of the herbe called Amara dulcis Amara dulcis AMara dulcis hath no Englishe name that I knowe / but for lacke of an other name / it maye be called Bitter swete The herbe groweth about ditches and watery places / and hedges / and rinneth after the maner of a vyne alonge The leues are somthing like Nightshaddes leues / but longer and rounder / and besides that they haue two litle eares standing out of eche syde of the leafe toward the setting one of the stalke / as some boore speres and lance staues haue / and the barke of the stalke when it is tasted of / is first bitter / and afterward swete / therefore it is called in Duche / Ie lenger je lieber The longer the more louely / that is / the more ye taste it / the more swete it is / and the more louely It hath grene berries first / and when it is ripe red as coral / and of an vnpleasant tast The floures are somthinge purple with yelow smal thinges like thredes comminge out of the reddest of them Matthiolus taketh this herbe to be vitis syluestris in Dioscorides but I haue sufficiently confuted him in the second parte of myne herball / intreatinge of vitis syluestris Tragus erreth in making this herbe smilax leues in Dioscorides / for the fruyte of smilax leues is litle / black as a lupine / but the fruyte of this herbe / as he him selfe writeth / is first grene / after red as coralle / therfore it can not be smilax leues The vertues of this herbe out of Tragus I Haue knowen by experience that this is the vertue of this herbe sayth Tragus Take a pound of the woode of this herbe / and cut it into smal peces / and after that you haue cut it / put it into a newe pot with a pottel of whyte wine / let the pot be wel couered / so that no ayre come in / yet not withstanding make a litle hole in the middest paste it well about with paste and seth it vpon a soft cole fyre / vntil the thirde part be sodden awaye / and then take it awaye And then if ye take a smal draught of it in the morning / an houre before ye rise / and so when ye go to bed It driueth out the iaunders by the bellye and also by the water Some geue this when it is sodden against rotten agues / of which the iaundes is commed Of the herbe called wild Tansey Tanacetum Tanacetum Indicum WIld Tansey is called of Tragus in Latine Anserina / in Duche Genserich It maye be called in Latine also Tanacetum syluestre / some call it Potentillam This herbe groweth in colde and watery places The leaues are lyke vnto Agrimonye / but that they are lesse grene aboue and whyte benethe / it crepeth after the maner of strawberries / and hath no other stalke / but a long thing lyke a packe threde / oute of the whiche growe yelowe floures The vertues of wilde Tanseye OVR weomen in Englande and some men that be sunne burnt / and would be fayre / ether stepe this herbe in white wyne / and washe their faces with the wyne / or ellis with the distilled water of the same The practitioners of Germanye write / that the herbe if it be sodden with wine / and dronken / is good for them that haue any knawing in the bellye / and for them that haue payne in their backes / and for the stoppinge of weomens whyte floures The distilled water as they write / is good for them that haue red eyes Of the herbe called Angelica Angelica satiua Angelica syluestris ANgelica hath leues somthinge lyke louage / but not so far iagged in / but it is muche lyke vnto cowe persnepe / which I take for Sphondylium when it is yonge / but the leues are sharper / smaller and yelower by reason whereof some haue by error taken Angelica to be sphondylium It hath a verye great stalke / smoth longe / and in the toppe of it sede muche like vnto louage The roote is bigge and of a stronge smelle with some pleasantnes / full of a clammy iuyce lyke a gumme / which sauoreth verye stronge / and there growe oute of this bigger rote smale litle other rotes like braunches which grow nexte to the ground It groweth much in Norwaye in the high mountaines / and also in Germany not far from Friburge / in the wood called nigra sylua / or ellis
be Some do holde that they increase the substance of the brayne They make one slepe pleasantly / and scoure and purge the wayes that the water cometh thorow / and they are verye fit for lene folke / and the oyle of them is good for a drye crampe The oyle of bitter Almondes is hoter by one degre / then the oyle of swete Almondes is It is moste fit for eares that are stopped with grosse wind / for hardnes of hearinge / for the noyse in the eares that cometh of cold It killeth also the wormes of the eares It is tryed by experience / that this oyle is more conuenient for the eares then other oyles be Of Amy. AMy is called both of Grecians Latines Ami. The Potecaries call it Ameos in the genitiue case It may be also called in Englishe Ammi Dioscorides writeth no more of the description of Ammi / because he thought it so commonly knowen in his dayes But these wordes Ami hath muche smaller sede then Cumin / and resembleth organ in tast The herbe that is commonly vsed for Ammi in all shoppes now adayes / hath a longe grene stalke full of litle braunches about the top / with long smal indented leues / a white floure / and a bushy top lyke Dill / with a litle bitter and hote sede Although this maye be vsed for Ammi / is one kind of it / yet there groweth in Italy a better kind / which I haue sene If we could haue plentye of that kind / I would counsel men to vse it / and to leue this / whiche we vse commonly For I finde not the hete in this sede that Galene requireth / for he writeth that Ami is hote and drye in the extremitie of the third degre Howbeit this comon Ami is not to be despised This herbe groweth in many gardines in Germany / and in my lordes gardin at Sion in England The other kind whiche is the true kinde / is of late found in Italy with leues much lesse then our any hath The sede cometh nowe to Frankeford to be sold vnder the name of Amomi / but some cal it verū Ami namely the grossers of Norinberge The vertues of Ami. AMi is good againste the gnawinge in the guttes / against the stopping of the water / against the byting of serpentes dronken with wine It bringeth weomen their sicknes it mixed with corrosyues made of the flyes called Chantarides / do helpe the stopping of a mans water with hony it taketh away blew markes rising of stripes with rasynes or rosine In a perfume it purgeth the mother Some hold the weomen do soner cōceiue / if they smel this herbe / whē as the worke of conceptiō is in doing Of Amomum AMomum is a smal bushe / about the quantite of a mannis hāde / like vnto a cluster of grapes folden into him selfe / litle stickes of wood / goynge one beside and ouer an other / partely it resembleth a net / and partelye a round thicke bushe / or rather the heade of a mace / if it were al made of litle stickes / or of peces of siluer / as bigge as strawes in a rounde forme / it hath litle floures as hartes ease hath / and leaues lyke vnto brionye I sawe about sixe yeres ago at Colon a litle shrubbe / something lesse then my hande / which was in al pointes like vnto the shrub aboue described / a certeine pilgreme whiche had bene at Hierusalem / brought it out of Iewry with him Thesame is named of the Herbaries Rosa Hierecuntis / that is the rose of Hierico The sayinge is / that it openeth euery yere aboute Christenmasse / wherefore some call it a Christenmase rose This same woulde I reken to be the right Amomum / if it had that smell which Dioscorides requireth in Amomo / and a leafe lyke vnto Brion / for in al other pointes the description doth wonderfully agree If any man chaunce vpon any that hath a good sauoure with al these other properties aboue rehersed / let him take it for the true Amomum For lack of the true Amomum we maye vse the common Calamus aromaticus / or Carpesio called of some Cucuba Other iudge that a man may vse for Amomo Asarabacca / or the right Acorus The sede that is commonlye vsed for Amomo / is not of the strenght that Amomum is of The vertues AMomum hath poure to hete / to binde / to drye It prouoketh to slepe / laid to the forheade / it swageth ake / it maketh ripe / driueth awaye inflammationes impostemes hauing matter in them like hony / it helpeth them that are bitten of scorpiones / laid to emplasterwise with basil and it is good for the gout / with rasines it heleth the inflammationes of the eyes It is good for the diseases of the mother / other in a suppositorye taken before / or in a bath that weomen sit ouer The broth of it dronke / is good for the liuer / for the kidnes / and for the gout It is fit to be mixed with preseruatiues / and precious oyntmentes Of Pimpernell PImpernelle is named both in Greke and in Latin Anagallis / and Corchorus / in Duche Ganchheil / in Frenche Morgelina Pimpernell is of two kindes / it that hath the blewe floure / is called the female / but it that hath the cremesine is called the male They are lytle bushye herbes / lyinge vpon the ground / and haue litle leues / somthinge rounde lyke vnto Parietorye / which come out of a foure squared stalke The fruyte of this herbe is round / Some very vnlearnedly take Anagallis for Chickwede Pimpernell the female Pimpernell the male The Vertues of Pimpernell BOTH the kindes haue a propertye to swage and mitigate / and holdeth awaye inflammations / and put oute agayne stynges / and shyueres that are faste in the fleshe / and refrayne festringe and rotting sores The iuyce gargled in the throte and mouth / purgeth the heade of fleme / and the same poured into the nose thrylle / that is of the other syde of the head there the tuth ake is in / taketh the payne awaye With fyne honye it scoureth awaye the whyte spottes in the eyes It is good for a dull sight / and the same dronken with wine / is good for them that are bitten of serpentes / for them that are diseased in the lyuer and in the kidnes Some do write that it which hath the blewe floure / holdeth and stoppeth the falling doune of the great gute / and it with the cremesin laid to / bringeth it furth These two herbes haue some hete and a drawinge nature / and drye withoute bytinge wherfore they binde together woundes and heale rotten sores / as Galene witnesseth in the sixt boke of the properties and poures of simple medicines The male Pimpernell groweth commonly in Englande in the corne and in tilled groundes / and so doth the
female growe in Germanye about Bon and Colon. Of Anagyris ANagyris groweth not in Englande that I wote of / but I haue sene it in Italye It may be called in English Beane trifolye / because the leaues growe thre together / and the sede is muche lyke a Beane Anagyris is a bushe lyke vnto a tree with leues and twigges / like vnto Agnus castus of Italy But the leaues are greater and shorter / and growe but thre together / where as Agnus hath euer fyue together / and excedinge stinkinge / wherevpon riseth the Prouerb / Praestat hanc Anagyrim noÌ„ attigisse It hath the floures lyke vnto kole It hath a fruyt in longe horned coddes / of the lykenes of a kidney / of diuerse coloures / firme and stronge / whiche when the grape is ripe wexeth harde The properties of Anagyris THE tender and yong leaues of this bushe broken and layd to lyke an emplaster / holdeth doune wyndye and louse swellinges If the byrth sticke faste / and the floures be stopped / or the secondes abyde behynde / they are dronken in the weight of a dramme in swete wine So are they also good for the head ake with wine They are also bounde to the weomen that haue an hard labour / but so that streyght waye after they be taken awaye The sede eaten / maketh one vomite sore Of Anchusa DIoscorides maketh thre kindes of Anchusa The fyrste kinde hath leues lyke vnto sharpe leaued Lettis / rough / sharpe / black / manye growynge on euerye syde harde by the ground / and full of prickes The roote is a finger thick / and it that commeth furth in summer / is of a sanguine coloure / it groweth in a ranke ground This kind groweth in many places of Germanye / and it is so like gardine buglosse / that a man can not lightelye discerne the one from the other / sauinge onelye by the roote which is very rede withoute / but not within It maye be called in English / as the Frenche men do / Orchanet or rede Buglosh The seconde kinde differeth in thys from the fyrst / that it hath lesse leaues / and sharpe lykewyse / small braunches comminge oute of the stalke it hath a purple floure turninge towarde cremesyne It hath reade rootes / and longe / whyche in the haruest tyme putteth furth a sanguine iuyce It groweth in sandye places Thys herbe is called in some places of Englande Cattes tayles / in other places wilde Buglosse It groweth in grauilly and sandy places / and in pittes / where as grauel is digged oute of The thyrde kinde is lyke vnto the seconde / but it hath a lesse fruyte or sede / and that of a Cremesine colour I do not remembre / that I haue sene thys kinde The vertues of the two former kindes THe fyrst kinde of Anchusa / is good with oyle and wexe against burning and old sores It heleth the outragious inflammation or hete that commeth of choler with barle mele / It is layd on with vinegre against lepres and foule scurfines The same put into a womannes mother / draweth out the byrth The broth of it is giuen for the disease of the kidnes and the miâ—te / and to them that haue the iaundis / and if the pacientes haue an ague / it must be taken with mede The leues dronken with wine / stop the belly The second is good against the bitinges of all serpentes / and especiallye against the biting of a Vepere Of Tutsan TVtsan as I do iudge is the herbe / whiche is called of Dioscorides Androsemon / and of oure Potecaries Agnus castus It semeth to haue had the name of Tutsan / because it heleth all And of Androsemon / because it hath iuice like vnto mannis blood Androsemon differeth from saint Iohns grasse / and from Asciro / called great saint Iohns grasse / in that it hath manye braunches / and it hath rede twigges and leues lyke Rue / but thrise or fourfolde greater / whiche broken / put furth a winishe iuyce / they haue in the toppe two and two leues euer comminge oute one agaynste an other / resemblinge a byrdes winges stretched furth / as when the byrde doeth flye where aboute there growe smal yelowe floures / and sede in litle knoppes like vnto the sede of black poppye / and it is notable wyth certayne small leues in it The small leues in the top broused or broken sauour lyke rosyne The vertues TVtsanes sede broken / and dronken in te quantite of two drammes / driueth out cholerike excrementes / it healeth most the Sciatica But after the purgation / the pacient must drinke water The herbe layed to burned places / healeth them / and stancheth blood in woundes And not onely the herbe doth thys / but also the wyne that the herbe is sodden in / as witnesseth Galene / which vnder the name of Androsemon / conteyneth in the booke of his simple medicines / Ascyron also Anemone The common Anemone MAtthiolus in his commentaries vpon Dioscorides hath set out two kindes of Anemonis / wherof nether kind that euer I could se / groweth in Germanye and England / nether in Italy that I remember Anemone hath the name in Greke of winde / because the floure neuer openeth it selfe / but when the winde bloweth The Herbaries therefore call the herbe commonlye taken for Anemone / though it be not the true herbe / but som bastard of it Herbam venti / the Duche meÌ„ call it Hacket craut / the Frenche men Coque lourdes and it maye be called in English Rose persely / because there groweth a floure like a single rose in the top of this herbe / which is very lyke Persely in the leaues that are aboute the rote / or it maye be called Wind floure It groweth in greate plenty about Bon in Germany / and about Oxford in EnglaÌ„d / as my frende Falconer tolde me Dioscorides writeth thus of Anemone There are two kindes of Anemone / The one is wilde and the other is tame / or of the gardeine Whereof are manye other vnder kindes / one that hath a Cremesin floure / and an other a whitishe or of the coloure of milke or purple The leaues are like CoriaÌ„der / with smaller cuttinges or indentinges / nere the ground the stalke is all downye and roughe and smalle / whereon growe floures lyke poppy / and the middes of the litle heades are blacke or blewe The rootes are of the bignes of an Oliue / or bigger / it is almost compassed about wyth smalle ioyntes with knoppes like knees The wilde Anemone in all pointes is greater then the tame / and hath broder and harder leaues / a longer head / and a Cremesin flower wyth manye small rotes It is more bytinge then it that hath the black leaues This description of both the kindes of Anemone proueth playnely that the common herba venti / and that the Anemone that Bockius setteth out / are not the righte
kindes of Anemone As the common herbe maye be a bastarde kinde of Anemone / and namelye of that / which hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / that is / thin or small rootes and many / so it that Bockius setteth oute / semeth to me to be a kinde Papaueris erratici The vertues of Anemone THey haue both a bytinge and a sharpe qualite The iuyce of the roote of them / poured into ones nose / purgeth the heade The roote chewed in the mouth bringeth furth watery fleme The same sodden in swete wyne / and layd to / healeth the inflammations of the eyes and it healeth the scarres and dymnes of the same It scoureth awaye fylthye sores The leaues and stalkes / if they be eaten wyth a tysan / bringe milke to the brestes / and bringe doune a womannes sicknes / if they be layd to the place in woll If lepres be anointed therewith / it scoureth them awaye Of Dyll DYll is named in Greke Anethon / in Latin Anethum / in Duche Dyll / in Frenche Anet Dyll groweth a cubyt hyght / and some tyme halfe a cubyte hygher / It hath manye small braunches comminge furth of a greate stalke / wyth a verye small leafe and longe / muche lyke Greneheres / wyth a yelow floure / and a brode sede / wyth a spokye top as fenell hath / whome he doth represent wounders nere Of Dyll The vertues THe broth of the leaues and sede of dry Dyll dronkē / bringeth make to the brestes / it stauncheth gnawinges in the belly / and wind in the same It stoppeth also the belly and vomiting / it prouoketh vrine / swageth the hichkoke / dulleth the eye sight / and oft dronken stoppeth the sede It is good for wemen to sit ouer it in water / which haue the diseases of the mother The ashes of the sede of thys herbe layd to / after the maner of an emplaster / take awaye the hard lompes and knoppes that are aboute the fundament or in other places Dyll as Galene sayth swageth ake / prouoketh slepe when it is grene / and maketh rype rawe humores The oyle that is made of Dill / is good to be gyuen vnto them that are werye in winter / for it softeneth and moysteth / and it is good for them that are sycke of an ague that commeth of smal fleme / and for all diseases that come of a colde cause Dyll is hote in the beginning of the fyrste degree / and drye in the beginninge of the seconde Of Anyse ANyse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Anisum / in Duche Aniß / in Frenche Anise The lefe of Anise / when it commeth fyrst furth / is round / and indented about / afterward it is lyke vnto Parsely / hygh vp in the stalke / it hath a floure and a top lyke fenell / it groweth onely in gardins in England Galene sayeth that Anyse is hote and drye in the thyrde degree but thys that we vse / is not so hote wherefore I suspect that there is a better kinde / then is commonly brought vnto vs to be solde Howbeit in the meane season we must vse thys / which appeareth to me scarsely hote in the beginning of the second degree The vertues of Anyse ANyse heteth and drieth / maketh the breth sweter / swageth payne / maketh a man to pisse well / it quencheth the thurst of them that haue the dropsye It is good against the poyson of bestes / and agaynst winde It stoppeth the bellye and the whyt floures / it bringeth milke to the toppes / it stirreth men to the pleasure of the bodye / it swageth the hede ake / the smoke of it taken in at the nose / the same poured into the broken eares with rose oyle / heleth them The best is it that is newe / not full of drosse / but well smelling The best commeth out of Candye / and the next is brought out of Egypte Of Pety whine Anonis Pety whine PEtye whine / or ground whine / or litle whine is called in Latin and Greke Ononis and Anonis It is called of the common herbaries Resta bouis / Remora aratriacutella / of the Duch Stall kraut / or Hawhekel / of the Frenche Burgraues In Cambridge shyre this herbe is called a Whine / but I putt pety to it / to make difference betwene this herbe / and a fur whiche in manye places of Englande is also called a Whine Petye Whine hath busshye stalkes of a span length / and longer with manye ioyntes lyke knees wyth manye holow places / betwene the leues and stalke like arme holes / wyth litle round heades and litle leaues / thinne as Lentilles be / drawinge nere in lykenes vnto the leues of Rue or of wilde Melliote / some thinge rough / and not wythout a good sauoure It is layd vp in bryne / before it hath prickes / and is afterwarde good for meate The braunches are full of sharpe and stronge prickes The roote is whyte and hote / and suche as is able to make humours thinne that are thicke The vertues THE barke of the rootes of grounde whyn / dronken wyth wyne / prouoketh vrine / and breaketh the stone it byteth awaye the vtter moste cruftes of sores / and the broth of the same in vinegre and honye / swageth teth ake / if the teth be wasshed therewyth The roote of thys herbe / is in a maner hote in the thyrd degree / after the minde of Galene / in the boke of Simple medicines Of Camomyle Anthemis ANthemis / otherwyse called Chamemelū / conteyneth vnder it thre kindes / whiche onelye differ in the colour of the floure The braunches are a span longe / all bushye with manye places lyke arme holes / betwene the stalke and the braunches / The braunches are thinne / small and many / the litle hedes are round with yellow floures in the middes / and aboute that rounde head ether whyte floures stand in order or purple or yelow / about the greatnes of the leaues of Rue The fyrste kinde of Camomille is called in Greke Lecanthemon / in Englishe Camomyle / in Duche Romisch Camillen The Pothecaries in Germanye call this kinde Chamomillam Romanam This herbe is scarse in Germanye / but in Englande it is so plentuous / that it groweth not onelye in Gardines / but also eyght myle aboue London / it groweth in the wilde felde / in Richmonde grene / in Brantfurd grene / and in most plenty of all / in Hunsley heth The second kind is called in Greke Chrysantemon I haue sene this herbe in hygh Germany in the feldes / but neuer in Englande that I remembre It maye be called in English / yelow Camomille The thyrde kinde is called in Greke Heranthemon Diuerse thinke / that Heranthemon is the herbe / whiche is called of the Herbaries Amarisca rubra / and of oure Countre men / Rede math / or Red madewede The thing that semeth to let this herbe to be
whiche the diers vse to dye yelowe with all / but it hath nether the leaues of Pimpernel / nor the leues of flax / nor the leaues of Goashareth Wherfore Orant is nether the Antirrhinon of Dioscorides / nor the Antirrhinon of Theophrast / nor it of Pliny / wherfor these two writers in this herbe deserue no credit Matthiolus setteth out a kinde of Antirrhinon with sede as he sayth like vnto a Calfys heade If he meane by the word semen the sede alone / and not the fruite with the sede and all together / and Pliny vnderstand the word semen euen so likewise / then I thinke that it shal be harde for Matthiolus to finde suche one But if he meane by the word semen the fruyte hole as it appeareth outwardlye then I thinke that the herbe that Matthiolus setteth out of all other / draweth nerest vnto the description of Antirrhinon in Pliny The properties of Calfes snoute MEn write that thys herbe is good agaynst all poysoned drinkes / and that they that are anoynted wyth thys herbe wyth lily oyle / or priuet oyle / shall thereby wexe fayre and well fouored Theophrastus writeth that some men haue supposed / that the vse of thys herbe shoulde helpe men to obtayne prayse and worship But all these are but dreames of sorcerers / for none of these thre learned men aboue rehersed / write / that this herbe hath thys propertye / but onelye declare the opinions of other men / whiche wrote or spake of these properties by gesse Of Gooshareth Aparine GOoshareth called also Clyuer / because it cleueth vpon mēnes clothes / is named in Greeke Aparine / Philantropos / and Omphalo carpos in Duche / Klebcraut in Frenche / Grateron It hath many branches smal / and four-square and sharpe / the leaues stande in a rounde circle aboute the stalke / certayne spaces goyng betwene / the circles are lyke vnto madder / the floure are whyte / the sede is harde / rounde / some thynge holowe / and whyte in the myddes / lyke vnto a nauell / and it cleueth vnto mennes clothes The shepherdes vse it in the stede of a strayner to pull oute here 's of the mylke Thys herbe groweth in all countres in great plentye The vertues THe iuice of the sede / stalkes / leues of Gooshareth / is good to be dronken agaynst the bytinges of Veperes / Phalanges / and other venemous beastes The same poured into a mannis eare / swageth the payne / the herbe brused wyth hogges grese / dryueth awaye harde kyrnelles and wennes / wheresoeuer they be Of Apios Apios Ernutte APios is called also Chamebalanos in Greke / in Theophrastus Ischas / and in Latin after the translation of Theodoro Carica and the same might be called in English an Ernut / or an Erth nut / hath the properties of Apios The earth nut groweth in manye places of England / and in the moste plentye that I haue sene in Northumberland Apios putteth furth two or thre braunches / which rise a litle from the ground / smale / rede / and like a rishe the leaues are like Rue / but some thinge longer / narrower / and yelowishe grene The sede is litle / the rote is lyke the roote of a white Affodill / and after the likenes of a Peare / but rounder and full of iuyce The barke without is blacke / the roote within is white The herbe whiche Matthiolus hath set out for Apios / might haue bene taken for the right Apios of all men / if he had proued that it had had a smale sede / and that the roote had purged vpward and dounwarde as Dioscorides writeth that the rote of Apios doth But whilse he doth nether of both / a man maye as well dout of his Apios / as he douteth of the Apios that Ruellius setteth out Amatus Lusitanus sayeth that Apios is called in Duche Erdtnuss But the herbe whiche is called in Duche Erdnuss / hath nether a lefe like Rue / but like a Ciche / nether a smalle sede / but a great sede in a cod like vnto a kinde of Fiche / nether doth it purge vpward and dounward / for men to eat them in Fraunce as Ruellius cited of Amatus writeth / and they are eaten also in Germany / but they onelye ingendre a lothsumnes / and stere to vomite as Tragus writeth / but they purge not / nether do anye other harme to the shepeherdes that eat them / wherfore it is playne that Amatus with Tragus and Fuchsius erreth / which taketh the herbe / called in Duche Erdnuss / to be Apion in Dioscoride The vertues THE vpper parte of the roote draweth out by vomiting choler and fleme / and the vnder parte draweth oute the same humores by the fundament The whole purgeth both the wayes The iuyce purgeth / taken in the quantite of xv graines The wordes of Dioscorides made me to doute / whether our Erthnutt were Apios or no / seynge that manye eat the hole root of Erthnut yea some tyme fyue or sixe / and yet nether go to stoole / nor vomite by the eating thereof whether Earthnut haue these foresayde properties in Grece or no / and not here I can not surely tell / but this profit shalt thou haue at the least by thys my coniecturing and setting furth of this herbe / that wyth lesse labour thou mayest knowe the true Apios / if thou chaunge to se it I woulde exhorte studentes to proue / if this Ernut of oures haue in anye other place of England / where as I haue not bene / haue the properties that Dioscorides gyueth vnto Apios or no. And if they can not find them / let thē learne of this Ernut in seking and iudging of herbes / not to iudge herbes onelye by the outwarde fashone / but also by the qualites and vertue For as the lykenes of a man alone in an ape or an image / maketh not them men / because they want the vertue poure and operation of a man So is not the figure or likenes that maketh an herbe / except it haue the strenght and operation of the herbe / whose likenes it beareth also Of Bawme BAwme is named in Greke Melissophillon or Meliphillon / in Latin Apiastrum or Citrage / in Duche Melisson or Hartzkraut / in the Frese tonge Confili / in Frēche Melisse / the Potecaries call it Melissam Bawme is named in Greke Melissophillon / and in Latin Apiastrum / because Bees / which are called in Greke Melisse / and in Latin Apes / do greatly haunt this herbe / and are delited wyth it Right Bawm hath leaues and stalkes lyke vnto stinkinge Hore hound but they are greater and thinner / but not so rough They haue the smelle of a Cytrone of a Lymon Of Apiastrum The Propertye THE leaues dronken wyth wyne / are good agaynst the bitinges of Phalanges and Scorpiones / and agaynst the bytinge of a dogge / for the same
whereof Gotes beard hath the name Let vs rede as Theophrastus doth Out of the top commeth a hore whyte bearde / wherevpon it is called Gotes bearde These be the wordes of Theophrastus The herbe which we call Goates bearde / in barone places hath but a shorte stalke / but in gardines and in ranke meddoes / it hath a longe stalke and full of ioyntes lyke knees Aboute London I haue sene in the felde thys herbe wyth a swete roote and wyth black sede and a yelowe floure / and after the floure is gone wyth a great deale of long whyte doune lyke tuftes of whyte heyre / but about Colon I sawe it which had whyte sede and a bitter roote all full of milke as in other places it doth appere Matthiolus marueyleth that the herbe nowe taken of vs for Tragopogon / is thought of Hermolaus Barbarus / nether to be the righte Tragopogon of Theophrastus or of Dioscorides Surelye I thynke that it chaunsed vnto Hermolaus as it chaunsed vnto me For I sawe diuerse tymes an herbe / that in all other poyntes dyd agree well wyth the description of Tragopogon / sauinge that the herbe alwaye had a bitter roote / whyche thinge made me still to iudge / that the herbe was not the righte Tragopogon / vntill I found an herbe with the same figure and fashion in all thinges lyke the other with a swete roote And so I thynke that Hermolaus therefore denied that thys herbe was the right Tragopogon / because he coulde neuer fynde anye with a swete roote An other cause might be that he sawe the leaues of oure Tragopogon muche greater then the leaues of Safron But Dioscorides looked not vnto the smallnes of the Safron leaues / but to the figure and whytishe list or lyne / that goeth quite thorowe the middes of the Saffron leafe In whiche two thinges the leaues of Tragopogon / and the leaues of Safron are very lyke I merueyle much when as both Theophrast and Dioscorides write / that Tragopogon hath longe rootes / that contrary vnto the open textes and mindes of these noble writers / that Amatus Lusitanus dare be so bolde / as to gyue round knoppy rootes after the maner of Bulbus / or of Ascalion / but somethinge longe vnto Tragopogon / and sayth that the rootes are of the bignes of an Hasel nutt / and that the boyes of Spayne of the lykenes / that they haue wyth a nutt / call them nozella I haue sene thre sundry sortes of Tragopogon / one sorte with a blewishe purple floure / which is called in the West parte of Englande / Starre of Hierusalem / because whilse the Sunne shyneth it openeth / and when it is vnder a clud / the floure shitteth to close agayne I knowe also two sortes wyth a yelowe floure / the one with a swete roote / and the other with a bitter roote / and full of milke All these thre sortes had longe rootes when I sawe them / and I could neuer se anye suche rounde thinge in the roote / that was lyke vnto a nut or a oynion Wherefore Amatus in the roote of this herbe is both contrary to the autorite of learned men / and to experience The Vertues of Bockes bearde DIoscorides wryteth nomore of Bockes bearde / but that it is good to eate / the newer writers saye that it is good for the diseases of the breste and liuer / for the paynes in the kidnes and bladder / and for the ache in the syde / whē it commeth first furth of the grounde / the tender buddes are good and pleasant in a sallat / and so are also the tendre stalkes a great whyle after / till the knop in the toppe comme furth The leaues are not vnpleasant afterwarde both in sallat and in potage Thys herbe semeth to be of a temperate warmnes Matthiolus writeth that both the iuyce and the water of thys herbe healeth / and bindeth vp newe and freshe woundes Of the Dasey Bellis syiluestris A Dasey is called in Latin Bellis / in Duche Kleintzitlosten / or Monathblumle / in French des margarites pasquetes / of the Herbaries Consolida minor or primula veris. There are two kindes of Dases / one with a reed floure which groweth in the gardines / and another whiche groweth abroade in euerye grene and hygh way The Northren men call this herbe a Banwurt / because it helpeth bones to knyt agayne The lefe of the Dasey is some thinge longe / and toward the ende round / ther are smal nickes in the borders or edges of the leaues Pliny writeth that the Dasey hath 53. and somtyme 55. litle whyte leues whiche go about the yelow knop it appereth that the double Daseys were not founde in Plinies tyme / which haue a great dele mo then Pliny maketh mention of Bellis minor syluestris The vertues of Daseyes PLiny writeth that this herbe dryueth awaye great swellinges and wennes The common Surgeans vse thys herbe much in healinge woundes / wherefore they call it Consolida minorē / diuerse gyue this herbe in drinke vnto their paciētes that are wounded / do them much good The later writers holde also that the iuyce of this herbe is good for the palsey / for the Gout for the Sciatica Thys haue I proued that the iuyce of the rede gardine Dasey / put into a mans nose / draweth out water wonderfully out of the heade / wherby it can not be called a herbe after the doctrine of Galene Of Betes BEta is named in Greke Teutlon or Seutlon / in English a Bete / in Duche Mangolt / in Frēche Porree / or Iotte Betes haue a stalke full of Crestes and corneres of two cubites heyght / a leafe lyke Areche or Lett es / smal yelow floures / and a longe roote whiche hath many small stringes like small thredes comming furth of it There are two kindes of Betes / the whyte Bete / which is also called Sicula / and black Betes / called in Latin Beta nigra Beta nigra Beta candida The Vertues of Betes THE blacke Bete is sodden wyth Lentilles to stoppe the bellye wythall / whiche thinge is soune broughte to passe with the roote The whyte Bete is good for the bellye / but they haue both an euell iuice / by the reason nitrosyte or bitter saltishnes whiche they haue of their like vnto saltpeter wherefore their iuyce poured into a mannes nose with honye / purgeth the head / and it healeth the paine in the eares The broth of the roote and leaues / scoureth awaye scurfe and scales / and nettes out of the head It swageth the paines of the moulled or kibed heles Thesame helpeth frekelles and spottes / if they be rubbed ouer before with saltpeter naturall So it helpeth the voyde places / whiche the falling of the heyre make / if they be stirred vp with a knyfe It helpeth runninge sores / whiche spred abroade and waste vp the fleshe as they
roughnes / whiche maketh them to cut the soner of the whiche propertye the Northen men call it Sheregres It hath a longe stalke / and thre square / and in the top of that is a sort of litle knoppes / in stede of sedes / and floures much lyke vnto oure gardine gallingal I haue not red anye vse of thys in Physicke The people of the Fenne countreys vse it in for fother / and do heate ouens with it Of Doder Cassuta DOder is called of some of the Grecianes Cassitas / of the later Latin men Cassutha It is calleth of the Potecaries and coÌ„mon Herbaries Cuscuta / and podagra liny the Duche men call it Filtzkraut / Doder and wrang / in FreÌ„ch it is named Goute de Line Doder groweth oute of herbes and small bushes / as Miscelto groweth oute of trees and nother of both growe oute of the grounde Doder is lyke a great red harpe strynge / and it windeth aboute herbes / folding muche aboute them / and hath floures and knoppes / one from another a good space / wherein is sede This herbe hath nother leaues / nor stalke / nether root in the grounde The herbes that I haue marked Doder to growe most in / are flaxe / and tares / and nettels We call in Englande Sauery / that hath Doder growynge on it / laced sauery and Tyme that hath thesame / laced tyme. The laces that go about Tyme / is Epithymum of Dioscorides / Galene / and other olde writers I haue sene it in Germany and in England in plenty Matthiolus semeth to iudge / that there is no mention made of Cassuta in Pliny / because he maketh his Cassutas to growe in Syria / and because he maketh it to winde about trees / when as oure Cassuta groweth out of Syry / and groweth not about treâ—s / but onlye vpon herbes and busshes / and because in all the Plinyes that he sawe it is written / not Cassitas but Caditas They that corrected Plinye / and red for Caditas Cassitas / did not wythoute a cause / for Serapio writinge of Cassuta / sayeth thus / as he is translated in Latin chasuth / id est / cassuta / est res que adheret herbis inuoluens eas sicut fila / sed in summitatibus habet fructum subtilem / ex ipsa crescit in arboribus That is cassuth / that is to saye / Cassuta is a thinge that cleueth to herbes / foldinge and winding about them like thredes / but in the toppes it hath a smal fruyte / and it groweth vpon trees Out of this place of Serapio / a man may gather that it ought to be red in Pliny Cassitas and not Caditas / and that Cassuta groweth not onelye about herbes / but also about trees It foloweth not / Cassitas groweth in Syria / therfore it groweth only in Syria as Matthiolus gathereth As litle doth his other argumeÌ„t folow / our Cassuta in these countres groweth only vpon herbes and busshes / therfore it groweth now here vpon trees / therefore it is not Cassitas of Plinye When as the Arabianes confesse in their writinges / that it groweth in there countres also about trees There is no cause therfore / but that we maye iudge that our Cuscuta is called in Pliny Cassitas / out of whiche worde when as y is pronunced after u gallicum / maye easelye growe cassutha The nature of Doder DOder openeth the stoppinge of the lyuer and milte It discharged the vaynes of flegmatyke and cholerike humors by the vrine It healeth the iaundes that commeth of the stoppinge of the lyuer It is good for childer that haue the ague But muche vse of it / hurteth the stomake / but that hurt is taken awaye by puttinge a litle Anis vnto it / with wormwood it purgeth a man of yelowe choler Of Chesnut tree CAstanea called Castonos in Greke / and of tome dios balanos / is named in Englishe Chesnut tree / in Duche Ein Kestenbaum / in Frenche Castaigney The fruyte of it is called of some Glans sardiana / that is a Sardian acorne Chesnut tree is a great tree / and hath leaues longe and indented lyke a Nettel / The huske of the fruyte is all roughe wythoute / and wythin it hath a broune skinne / and whyte meate wythin Chesnut trees growe plentuously in Kent abroade in the feldes / and in manye gardins in England Castanea The Vertues of Chestnuttes SImeon Sethi writeth that Chestnuttes are hote drye in the first degree / and nourishe the bodye much They are longe in goynge doune / and in digestinge and ingender grosse humors / and are full of winde / and stoppe the bellye / but if they be perched or dryed / they put away a great deale of the hurte that they wold haue done rawe Dioscorides sayeth that the broune skinne nexte vnto the meat / stoppeth mightely / and that the meat of Chestnuttes is a remedye agaynst the poyson of the herbe Ephemerum Of Nettell tree or Lote tree CEltis is named in Greke Lotos / it is called in Frenche / as Gesner sayth / Algsiez or Ledomier but howe that it is calleth in Englishe and in Duche / I can not tell for I neuer sawe it / nether in Germanye / nor in Englande / but I haue sene it in Italy It hath a lefe lyke a Nettel / therefore it maye be called in Englishe Nettel tree or Lote tree Lotus arbor siue Celtis Pliny writeth thus of Lotus Africa in that parte / where as it turneth towardes vs / bringeth furth an excellent tree called Lotus or Celtis / whiche also groweth muche in Italy It is of the bignes of a Pere tree Howbeit Cornelius Nepos maketh it a shorte tree / the leafe is indented much / ellis it might seme to be the leafe of Ilex The fruyte of thys is of the bygnes of a Bene / and of the color of Saffrone Before it is rype it hath manye diuerse coloures as grapes haue It groweth in Africa thycke as Myrtelles do / and not as Cheryes do in Italy It is so sweet meate / that it dyd gyue a name vnto the people there where it groweth They saye that the bellyes of them that eate that / shall fele no syknes it is better withoute the inward kyrnels / the which in a certaine other kinde semeth as hard as a stone There is also pressed oute of thys fruyt wyne lyke vnto honyed wyne the whiche / as it is sayde / can not endure lenger then ten dayes We haue red / sayth Pliny / that hole hostes of men in Africa haue ben fed with this same fruyte The wood hath a black colour / and is muche desyred of men for to make pypes / to make knyffe heftes / and suche other lyke thynges / of the rootes of it Dioscorides describeth an other kind of Lotus / which he sayth is of a wonderful bignes / and bringeth furth a bery
the most comon Cich / and most vsed nowe a dayes Ther is another kinde which is called Cicer nigrum / that is black Ciche / and that haue I sene in Germany / but seldom There is an other kinde that is called Cicer album / that is whyte Ciche / much lesse and rounder then the comon Ciche This also haue I sene diners tymes in Germanye There is another kinde that is called Cicer columbinum and venereum / which kinde I do not remembre that I haue sene These be the fragmentes whiche I haue gathered oute of Theophrastus and Pliny / to supplye partely the roume of a description But I will describe it as I haue sene it The comon Ciche hath a very harde stalke / and somthinge rough / and at the firste sighte it loketh lyke a pease / but the leaues are a great dele smaller / and lightely indented about / there growe of euerye branche two orders of leues / but they stand not wingwise / that is one right agaynst an other / but one hygher then another / the braunches and the standing and forme of the leaues / are not vnlyke vnto Lichores / the floure is most comenly purple / but somtyme whyte / the code is shorte and rounde / the roote is lyke the colour of the earth / and not very longe Of the propertyes of Ciche CIche as Galene writeth / is a windye pulse / and nourisheth muche / and good for the bellye / conuenient to prouoke water / and to ingendre milke and sede It prouoketh also weomens floures / but it that is called rames Ciche / doth more effectually prouoke vrine then the reste the broth of it breaketh the stones that be in the kidneys The other kinde of Ciche hath the same power of drawinge to / of making rype / of cuttinge in sundre / and in scouring away / for they are hote and measurably moyste / and haue some bitternes / by the which strenght they scoure the milte / the lyuer / and the kidneys / and clenge awaye scabbes and lepres / and foule scurfe that is vpon the skin They also awaye impostemes about the eares / swellinges / and hardnes of the stones with hony also they heale sores almost vncurable Dioscorides writeth that Ciches amende a mannes color / and they helpe also the byrth to come furth Simeon Sethy writeth thus of Ciches Al kindes of Ciches are hote and moyste in the firste degre / and are hard of digestion / and ingendre superfluities They prouoke the pleasure of the bodye / and norish more then beanes do but they open and purge and driue doune weomens floures / and they haue some salt swete qualitie with the saltnes They louse the bellye with their swetenes / they prouoke a man to make water / they ingendre wind / increase milke and do scoure But the blacke Ciche is a good medicine againste venome and poysone / and most of al / prouoketh vrine / and breaketh the stones of the kidneys and bladder / the whiche thing no other pulse can do so wel / and speciallye the black litle one / and that thinge doth the broth of them more mightelye / the whiche pulse for all that aboue al other pulses hurte the sores and exulcerations But the red Ciche is hoter then the whyte / and ingendreth grosse humores Ciches steped in water a night / and then taken / kille wormes in the bellye But he that hath taken them / let him faste sixe houres after The broth of Ciches is good for the iaundies / if black Ciche be sodden with radishe and parselye / and the broth be taken with Almonde oyle / it purgeth effectuallye and dryueth oute the stones of the kidnes and bladder But if it be taken with beanes / it maketh a good plyte and fatt fleshe Grene Ciches are verye windye / hard of digestion / and make men haue an euel color Of Cichelinge Cicercula CIcercula semeth to be a diminutiue of Cicera / and not of Cicer / for then it shoulde be named Cicerculum Cicera is founde in Palladius / whiche sayeth that Cicera differeth onelye in this from Cicercula / that the colour is vnpleasanter and blacker Cicera is called in Greke of Theophrastus Ochros / and he sayth that it is hote and drye / and therefore can preserue it selfe from corruption Cicercula as Columella writeth / hath sedes lyke a peese / but full of corners Pliny sayth that Cicercula is of the kind of Ciche / which is not equal / but full of corneres as a peese Theophrastus rekeneth Cicerculam among eruilles and peese / whiche haue a stalke falling vpon the ground / other markes or tokens wherby Cicercula maye be knowen / haue I not rede of it is called in Greke Lathyros / and it maye be called in English a Cichelinge Cicercula which I haue sene growyng / hath very longe and narrowe leaues / and a stalke al full of corners and crestes / and greater and shorter coddes / for the quantite of the pulse / then peese haue The sede is whyte ful of corners It groweth muche aboute Muffendorff / about thre English myle aboue Bon. Of Homloke or Hemloke Cicuta CIcuta is called in Greke Koneiou / in Englishe Homloke or Hemloke / in Duche Schierlinge / in Frenche Cigne or Secu. Cicuta as Dioscorides writeth / hath a stalke full of ioyntes or knees / as Fenel hath / great and full of bowes in the top the leaues are lyke vnto Fenel gyant / or herb Sapapene / called Ferula / but narrower and stinkinge There growe oute of the top both braunches / and also a spokye top and sede whyter then anise but Plinye sayth grosser and thicker / the roote is hollowe nothing worth Pliny sayth that the stalke of Cicuta is smoth and ful of ioyntes / and somthinge black / higher then two cubites / and that the leaues are smaller then Coriander leaues Here I thynke it worthy to be noted that the herbe whiche we call Homloke / hath leues not very wel agreynge vnto the description of Dioscorides / for Dioscorides writeth the Cicuta hath leaues like vnto Ferula / and Ferula hath leaues like vnto Fenel / sauing that they are much sharper / and somthinge broader But oure Homloke hath leaues lyke vnto persely / in al poyntes vnlyke vnto Fenel / wherfore Dioscorides knewe an other kinde of Cicuta then we knowe Howbeit the description of Cicuta in Pliny agreeth in al pointes with oure Homloke / for Pliny maketh the leaues of Cicuta lyke vnto Coriander / but smaller and thinner / which a great deale bigger then the leaues of Ferula / as ye shal perceyue when ye compare them both together therfore I think that this Homloke that we haue here / is the true Cicuta of Plinye Some wolde recken that therefore it shoulde not be the true Cicuta / because it hath not suche perillous properties / as auncient autours giue vnto
out vrine / and go quicklyer doune then gourdes and Melopepones but that they scoure / thou shalt euidently perceyue / if thou rub the foule skin with them / wherefore if anye man haue anye scurfines in the face or anye frekelles / or any morphew in the vtter parte of the skin / the pepones scoure them awaye But the sede scoureth more mightelye then the fleshe / for it scoureth awaye / so much that it is good for kydneys that are vexed with the stone Pepones ingendre in the bodye a noughty iuyce / and that specially when as it is not concoct or ouercummed of nature / by reason whereof it maketh men in daunger of the choleryke disease / moreouer before it be corrupted if it be largelye taken / it prouoketh men vnto vomite / except they eate afterward some other meat that hath a good and an holsome moysture or iuyce in it Melopepones are lesse moyst then the Pepones are / nether haue they so euell a iuyce / and they prouoke water lesse and go slowelye downe / and they do not so muche further vomite as Pepones do / lykewye they are not so soune corrupted in the stomake / when as an euell humoris gathered in it / or any other cause of corruption taketh it Furthermore mn vse to absteyne from it that is nexte the sede in pepones / and eate thesame n Melopepones / and that is good for them to prouoke them to the stole Tâ—ey that eate onely the Melopepones fleshe / do not sone put furth by the placâ— of excrementes it / as they do the Pepones fleshe / Cucumbres also prouoke water as Pepones do / but lesse then they / because their substance is to moiste / and therefore they are not so sone corrupted in the stomake as they be / ye sâ—all finde some that can digeste them as manye other thinges that other meâ— can not digest / by the reason of a certeine familiaritie that is betwene their â—atures Oute of Simeoâ— Sethy CVcumbers are cold and moyst in the seconde degre / and they make an euel iuyâ— and norishement in a man Ye must chuse the least raâ—her then the greatest kinde They which prouoke water â—f they be steped in vinegre / and taken into the bodye / swage the heate of an ague / and speciallye of them that câ—me hastelye The oft vsinge of these fruytes minishe a mâ—nnis sede / and quencheth the luste vnto the pleasure of â—he bodye But the sede of Cucumbres dryed / purches there by a certaine â—eate / and hath contrarye operations to the moyst and vndryed partes / and pâ—ouoketh water much more There is an other kinde of the same / which is thâ—ught to be Languria / that is cold vehementlye in the second degre / and some recken it should be cold in the third degre This kind ingendreth tough fleme in the stomacke / which is sprede abroad rawe by the veynes Therefore they that eate oft of the great kind / called Tetranguria or Languria / in continuance of tyme haue in their veynes and other hollowe places / euel humores growen together whiche ingendre longe agues The sede of these / prouoketh vrine / but lesse then Pepones sede / for it is souner corrupted in the stomache But the best of these is it that hath the lest sede They helpe drye and hote stomakes / if they be taken in a burning ague with vinegre / they are verye good and holsome Ye must eate the inner parte of this kinde / and not the outer parte / for they are of euel iuyce / and are harde of digestion and almost poyson They haue also an other propertie / that they call agayne them that haue fall into a swoune by the reason of heate / but if they finde anye fleme in the stomake / they ingendre a desyre to vomite / and the colyke / and the disease in the sydes by the pappes Of wilde Cucumbers CVcumis syluestris / named of some Cucumis anguinus / of the comon Herbaries Cucumis asininus / is named of Dioscorides in Greke Sikys agrios / of Galene / Theophrast / Aetius Sikys agrios / it maye be called in English wilde Cucumber / or of the propertie that the sede hath / lepinge or springinge Cucumber / for if ye tuche the fruyte of it / when it is ripe / it will burst / and the sede will springe all abrode out of the fruyte it groweth plentuouslye about Bononye abroad a litle oute of the towne / but in England it groweth onely in gardins Wild Cucumber doth differ fâ—om the gardine Cucumber only in the fruyte which it hath a great deale lese / not vnlike vnto longe acornes / it is lyke the gardine Cucumber both in leaâ—es and in long runninge braunches / it hath a whyte roote / it groweth in saâ—dye groundes / and in feldes nere vnto houses / all the hole bushe is bitter The Properties of wilde Cucumber THE iuyce of the leaues of wild Cucumbre poured into the eares / swage the payne of them The roote layd vnto any olde swellinge with barly mele after the maner of an emplaster / dryueth it awaye If it be layd to with Turpentine vpon hard swellinges / it bursteth and breketh them It is powren in against the sciatica If it be sodden with vinegre and layâ— to / it driueth awaye the gout The broth wherein this heâ—be is sodden / is good to washe a mans toth with / for the toth ache The poâ—der of the dryed herbe / scoureth awaye the foule scurfynes / the leprosy and the whyte spottes that are depe in the flesh It restoreth black scarres vnto the ode coloure agayne / it scoureth awaye spottes that are in the face / the iuyce in the roote of fyue graines / and also in the barke in the measure of halfe an vice / purge out choler and fleme / speciallye in them that haue the dropsey It â—useth the bellye without anye grefe of the stomache / halfe a pounde of the roâ—te is broken in ten vnces of wyne / and speciallye of Libya / and thre cyates that is about sixe vnces / are gyuen for the space of thre dayes / whylse the humor maye be manifestly perceyued to be fallen The Greke texte that Lacuna sawe / hath when ye haue taken halfe a pound of the roote / ye must beate it small with two sextarios / that is aboute two English quartes of swete wine / and speciallye of Egypte / and gyue thre ciates of it fasting vnto the pacient / for the space of thre dayes vntill the humor sufficiently fall awaye There is made of the fruyte of wilde Cucumer a medicine / which is called Elatherium / the maner of making of it / is largelye taught in Dioscorides / who so liste to learne it / let him rede these wordes of Dioscorides The medicine called Elaterium / is thus made of the fruyte of wilde Cucumbre Chuse oute wild Cucumbres / which when as
they lepe awaye / put furth iuyce / and let them lye one nighte / and on the nexte daye folowynge set vpon a cup a syue that hath very fyne holes / and take in your handes euery Cucumbre by it selfe / and diuide it with a knyffe / hauinge the edge turned vpward / and presse out the moysture into the cup that is set in vnder / presse also out that fleshy thing that cleueth vnto the syue that it may go doune Cast as muche as is redy into the basin ordened ther to for the nones Poure swete water vpon them which are in the vsy / and presse and cast them away Styre the humor in the basin corner with a linning cloth / and set it against the sunne / and strayne thorow the water with thick groundes vntil it stand / and do this oft vntill the water that swimmeth aboue / fall to the grounde / which after that thou hast diligētly streyned out / breake in a morter the grosse groundes that remayne / and make trociskes or balles of it The best is smoth not heauy / somthyng moyst / with a certaine whytnes exceding bitter / which if it be put into a candel / burned easelye But that which is grene lyke a leke / sharpe or rough / or darke / and full of ashes / and litle thinges lyke litle peces / is greuous and noughty From the tyme that it be kept two yeres vntill it be ten yeare olde / it is good for purgations The hole measure or dosis that may be geuen / is xij granes / the leste is vj. granes A good big grane is inough for a chylde / for if it be taken in anye greater quantite / it is ieperdous It driueth out fleme both vpwarde and dounewarde It is a good purgation for them that are shortwinded If ye wil purge the bellye / put twyse as much salt and as much stibium as wil coloure it / and gyue a pyll in the quantite of a litle pese And afterward drinke an vnce and fyue drames of warme water But to prouoke vomite / take the water that Elaterium is steped in / and stroke the inwarde parte of the tonge beneth with a fether / which is dipped in the stypinge And if anye man be harde to vomite / resolue it with oyle or with oyntment made of floure deluce / and forbid slepe But wyne and oyle are conuenient to be gyuen vnto them continually / that are to muche purged / for that helpeth them agayne But if the vomite wil not stay or leue of / ye must gyue colde water / barly mele / vinegre and water / appels / and such as in makinge thicke and fast together / do streyght Elaterium helpeth weomen vnto theyr sicknes / if it be put in the place of conception in a suppositorie It healeth the iaundies or guelsought / if it be poured into the nose with milke It is verye good agaynst olde head akes It is verye excellent good for the quinsey / if it be layd to with olde oyle and honye / or the gall of a bul Mesue sayth that the iuyce of Cucumber maye be geuen from ten granes vnto the thyrde parte of a dramme / that is a scruple The pouder of the roote may be gyuen from fyftene granes vnto halfe a dramme the broth that it is sodden in / maye be gyuē from two vnces vnto foure It is hote and drye in the thyrde degre after Mesue But Galene sayth / that it is extremelye bitter and lightlye hote / so that it is hote but in the seconde degre Dioscorides is contrarye both vnto Theophrast and Plinye in the nature of Elaterium / concerninge the puttinge out of the candel or making it burne / as you maye easelye finde in their workes if ye will rede them Of the Gourde A Gourde is called in Greke Kolokyntha / in Latin Cucurbita / in Duch Kurbß / in Frenche Courge A gourde hath long runninge braunches / whiche naturally endeuoure vpwarde / but for lack of strenght / except they finde somethinge to staye and vpholde themselfes by / they crepe by the grounde It hath a rounde leafe / not vnlyke the leafe of Abur / or Asarabacca The floure is whyte / the fruyte is firste grene / and after yelowe / after the lykenes of a peare The barke of the fruyte when it is yonge / is tendre and softe but whē it is olde / it is harde / and some take the meat out of it / and vse it in the stede of a bottell Columella and Pliny write that by arte a man maye make diuerse formes and fassions of Gourdes If ye will haue longe Gourdes / then take and sow the sede that is nexte vnto the necke If ye will haue gourdes that will stande / and after that they are emptied / fit to put wine or oyle in to serue in the stede of flackettes or bottelles / then take the sede that is about the sydes in the middes / and sowe them If ye woulde fayne haue very large and greate gourdes / then take sedes that growe there / and turne the ouer parte dounewarde / and let weomen nether touche the yonge gourdes / nor loke vpon them / for at certaine tymes in the moneth the only touchinge and sighte of weomen / killeth the yonge Gourdes as these aboue named writers beare witnes Cucurbita maior Cucurbita longa Cucurbita minor The vertues of the Gourde THE Gourde which men vse to eate / brused and layde to after the maner of an emplaster / swageth swellinges and impostemes The stickes or braunches of Gourdes / are layd vpon the moulde of chylders heades to relese the hete of them / which is called Syriasis They coole also the inflammations of the eyes and of the goute The iuyce of the braunches brused by it selfe / or with rose oyle poured in / swageth the paine of the eares If it be layd vpon the burning of the skin in hote agues / it healeth it The iuyce of the hole herbe warmed and pressed / and dronken with a litle honye and saltpeter / doth gentlye lose the bellye If anye man make hollowe a rawe gourd / and will put wine into it / and set it abroad vnder the skye out of the house / and then drinke it fasting / it wil louse the bellye gently The Gourde sayth Galene is of a colde and moyste complexion / and is moyste and colde in the seconde degre Wherfore the iuyce of the braunches is good for the payne of the eares / whiche is with an inflammation / if it be layd to with rose oyle And so if it be hole layd to / it cooleth metely well hote inflammations When as it is eaten it is moyste and driueth thryst away The Gourde whilse it is rawe / is vnpleasant and hurteth the stomake / and is very harde of digestion in so muche that if a man for lacke of other meate be fayne to eate a gourde as one presumed to do he
shall fele an heauy weightly in his stomake / and shall turrne vp his stomake / and be desyrous to vomite / from the which grefes a man can only be delyuered by vomiting Therfore men vse to eat this as they do with all other vndurable fruytes ether sodden or fryed in a frying pan / or rosted The gourde as much as lyeth in it geueth vnto the bodye a moyste and coold / and therefore smal norishement / but it goeth easely vnto the bottom of the stomake / both by the reason of his slyperines and also moysture Furthermore it is not harde to be digested / if it be not corrupted before And that chaunseth vnto it when it is noughtely dressed or any euell humor is gathered in the stomake / and somtyme because it taryeth to long in the stomach / which thinge chaunceth vnto al other vndurable fruytes that are of a moyst complexion / for they putrefy quicklye in the stomake / except they come fyrst vnto the bottom of it Therefore euen as the gourde as much as is in it / hath a iuyce that can not be discerned by any sence what qualitie it is of / and is easy to be distribute into the hole body / so when as it is mingled with anye other thing that hath any great notable qualite / it is made lyke it very easely / as if it be taken with mustarde / the iuyce which commeth of these two mixed and diuided / and sent into the bodye / shal be sharpe or byting with a notable heate Euen by the same reason if it be eaten with anye salt thinge / it will ingendre in the bodye a salt humore And so is it a verye pleasant meat if it be dressed with the salt fishes of pontus / which are called in Greke mela But if it be sodden and seasoned as it ought to be with quinces / it wil haue an excellent tarte taste in the distribution If it be fryed or rosted / it putteth a greate deale awaye of his owne moysture Therefore because it is so moyste if ye will boyle it / it is best to boyle organ or wild mergerum with it For al suche as thys fruyte is / had nede to be mixed with other thinges that are byting / or sower / or tarte / or salt / if ye wold haue them delectable in eatinge / not to make one to be redy to vomite Simeon Sethy sayth that the gourde prouoketh vrine / and maketh a man go to the stole / and it is good for hote and drye complexions It stancheth the burning heate of the stomache and liuer It hurteth them that are flegmatike and waterishe / and it is euel for the colyke And if it finde euel humores in the stomach / it is corrupted therewith / and is made holsom norishment It dryueth away the desyre vnto lechery / and minished sede and engendreth thin bloode It is good for the brest / for the longes / and the bladder Of Coloquintida COloquintida is called in Greke Colokinthis / in Latin Cucurbita syluestris / the Potecaries cal it Coloquintida / it groweth only in gardins in England and Germanye Coloquintida putteth furth braunches and leaues lyke a Cucumbre / creping by the ground diuided a round fruyt lyke a balle / excedingly bitter / which ye must gather whē it beginneth fyrste to be turned into a pale yelowishe coloure The vertues of Coloquintida Coloquintida THE inner parte of the fruyte of Coloquintida hath the nature to purge / if ye take two scruples / made in pilles with honyed water / sodden honye / myrre / and nitre / or salt petre The balles bryed and broken / and poured in by clister / are good for the palsey / the sciatica / and the colyke / for it pulleth furth choler and fleme and shauinges / and somtyme also blood It taketh away the tuthache / if a man purge it and couer it with clay and heate it with vinegre and nitre / and washe his tethe with the broth that this is sodden in If anye man sethe in it honyed water or swete wine / and drinke it after that it is cooled without the dore abroad / it purgeth awaye grosse humores of the bellye / and thynges lyke shauinge or scrapinges of the guttes It is exceading hurtful vnto the stomache If it be put into a suppositorye / it will pull furth the excrements of the bellye The iuyce of the grene Coloquintida is good to be rubbed vpon the place that is vexed with the sciatica Plinye writeth thus of it Coloquintida poured in by a clyster / healeth all the diseases of the guttes / of the kydnes / loynes / and the palsey also / if the sedes be casten out The fleshe of Coloquintida with salt and wormwod / healeth the tuth ache The iuyce of Coloquintida made warme wyth vinegre / maketh fast / louse teth The same heleth the payne of the ricke bone / loynes and hyppes bone / if they be rubbed with it / and with a litle oyle let them that vse the fruyt of Coloquintida / take hede that they beate it into very fyne pouder / or ellis it wil frete the guttes verye sore Of Cummyne CVmmyne is called in Greke Kyminon / in Duche Kummine / or Comin / in Frenche Cumine The sede of gardin cummyn is well knowen in Englande / but the herb groweth not with vs that euer I could se Dioscorides describeth not the gardin comyn / belyke because it was so well knowen in his countre but he describeth two kindes of wild cummyn / the first after thys maner Wilde cumyne hath but a small bushe / and hath a stalke a span long and small / oute of which come out foure or fyue litle leues / lyke as they were indented after the maner of Gingidium It hath in the top fyue or sixe rounde and softe litle heades / wherein is chaffye sede / hoter in taste then the gardin cumyn It groweth in litle hilles The seconde kinde of wild cumyn is not vnlyke vnto the gardin cumyn / it putteth furth of euerye floure longe hornes where in is sede like vnto Git or Nigella romana The former kinde of wild cumyn haue I not sene that I can remembre but the second kind I suppose I haue sene Some there be in Italy which thinke / the pale nigella to be the second kind of wild cumyn / other recken the litle black nigella which is common in the stobble in Germany after the corne be caried awaye to be the seconde kinde of wild cummyn But nether the pale nigella / nether the other wild kinde can be wild cummyn / except the gardin nigella romana be also wilde cummyn / for they are all of one figure in leaues and sedes / and of lyke smell The second kind of wild cummyn putteth furth of euerye floure longe hornes / wherein are sede lyke vnto nigella The kindes of nigella haue hornes in dede / but no
and with oyle / prouoketh sweate Fuchsius gyueth these properties vnto the common Dogges tonge / which I recken to be Lycopsis It healeth the allmost incurable sores of the mouth of other places It is good for the bloodye flixe / therfore it ought to be vsed against all sores and woundes / and against the French pox / such lyke diseases It helpeth also the issue of sede and catarres / wherefore thys herbe is put into the pilles / which are good for euery catar or reume Nowe seynge that the properties that Dioscorides gyueth vnto Lycopsis / are lyke vnto them that the common Doggis tounge hath / and the lykenes do verye well agree We maye the more boldelye saye / that Lycopsis is oure common Dogges tonge But of this matter we will speake more at large in the intretinge of Lycopsis Of Eglentine or swete brere Rubus canis EGlentine is named in Greke Kynorhodos / in Latine Rosa camna / in Duch wild rosen / in French rose sauuage / or Eglentier The Eglentine is muche like the common brere / but the leues are swete and pleasant to smel / as the brere or heptree leues are not There is commonly a spongious ball found in the Eglentine bush / as Pliny writeth I reken that this bushe is nothing ellis but a swete kinde of Cynobatos The vertues of Eglentine PLiny writeth in the xxv boke of his natural history / that the roote of Eglentine is good against the byting of a mad dog / and that the spongious bal that groweth in the bushe burned into pouder / is good to fill vp that is fallen from the head by that red scall Eglentine semeth to haue ben firste called in Greke kynorhodos / because the rote heled them that were bitten of a mad dogge Of Adders grasse CYnos orchis is called in Latine testiculus canis / in English Adders grasse / or goukis meat or dogges coddes / in Duche Knaben kraut / in Frēch La coil au chien Testiculus canis hath leues sprede flat vpon the ground / which grow aboute the stalke and the nethermoste parte of this herbe / lyke vnto the leues of a softe olyue tree / but smother / and narrower / and longer The stalke is a span long / out of which spring purple floures The rootes are rounde somethinge longe / two together smal as an olyue / the one is hygher vp / which is the fuller / and the other which groweth lower / and is softer and fuller of wrinkles The other testiculus whiche is called serapias / hath leaues lyke a leke / somthinge longe / but broader and thycke / bowynge in the hollowe places betwene the leaues and stalke The stalk is a span long / the floures are somthinge purple / the rootes are lyke vnto dogges stones / both these kindes with diuerse other not muche differinge from them / growe plentuouslye in the middowes in euerye quarter of Englande The vertues of Adders grasse THE first kinde of dogges coddes hath two stones / wherof the ouermore eaten as it is supposed of men maketh boyes and the other more eaten of weomen / maketh wenches The weomen of Thessalia eate the softe roote with gotes milke to prouoke pleasure to venery / and the wythered one to swage the same appetite Galene writeth also as Dioscorides doth / that this herbe prouoketh the appetite of venerye The seconde kinde with the smaller longer leaues as Dioscorides writeth / prouoketh also the lust of the bodye The rootes of this herbe layde to after the maner of an emplaster / driueth awaye soft swellinges / scoureth sores / and hindereth them to sprede anye further it wasteth awaye fistulas / and if it be layd to inflammations / it swageth thē / the dryed rootes stop consuming sores for to sprede any further / and they hele putrefactions and rottinges / and the olde and almoste incurable sores of the mouthe / if they be dronken in wine / they stop the bellye Of English Golangal Cyperus CIpeirus / called also Cyperus / hath leues lyke vnto a leke / but longer and smaller / a stalke a cubit longe or longer / with cornes in it lyke vnto squinantum / in whose top litle leues with sede springe out The rotes are somthinge long lyke vnto an olyue or round / one cleuinge vnto an other / blacke in coloure and swete in sauoure / and bitter in taste Although this common Galangal of oures / be a kinde of Cyperus / yet it aunswereth not in al poyntes vnto the description / for although the rootes haue in them certain knobbes lyke vnto Oliues / yet are they not such as Dioscorides describeth The true Cyperus is now common in Rome and other partes of Italy / wherevnto the hole description of Dioscorides agreeth But we maye vse this Cyperus that we haue wel withoute ieoperdye / in the stede of the other / for it is of thesame kinde and vertue that the other is of The vertues of Cyperus THis herbe is hote in operation / louseth the mouthes of the vaines / and prouoketh vrine / it is good to be dronken against the stone the dropsye it is a remedy against the bitinge of a scorpiō / it is good for the coldnes stopping of the mother if it be bathed with it It dryueth also doune weomens natural sycknes The pouder of this herbe is good for runninge sores in the mouth / allthough they eat and wast the flesh The roote of this herbe which is onlye vsed in Physick / is custumablye put vnto hote softening emplasters and the thicknes of oyntmentes There groweth an other kinde of Cyperus in Inde / which is iudged to be Curcuma of the common writers by the consent of the beste writers that write of herbes in this tyme and it is lyke vnto Ginger / and when it is eaten / it is lyke Saffron in the taste it is bitter / and if it be layd to any place / it hath the power to pull of heyres Of the Cytisus tree Cytiscus CItiscus as Dioscorides writeth / is an hole whyte bushe as Rhamnus is / spredinge abroad braunches longer then a cubit wherevpon growe leaues lyke vnto the Fenegreke / or thre leued Lotus / but lesse / the back of the leafe stickinge oute the leaues broken sauoure lyke rocket / and in taste they resemble a Ciche I neuer sawe this bushe any where ellis growyng naturally wtout setting or sowing / sauing in the mount Apennine besyde Bonony / where as I sawe great plentye of it but I haue had it growyng ones at Collon / and now I haue it growing here in my gardin at Wisenburg The bushes were lyke litle trees / were as hyghe as a man / the braunches and twigges was whytish / and had a whyte hore on them / there growe litle coddes in the braunches lyke vnto tares / but shorter as I remembre The vertues of Cytisus out of Dioscorides THE leaues do coole /
Wherfore I can not so muche commende the distilled waters of herbes as I do the iuice and brothes / of the same / wherin the herbes are sodden Of fenel FEniculū is called in Greke Marathrō / in Englishe fenel or fenkel / in Duche finchell / in Frenche fenonil Fenel is a great a lōge herbe / somtyme higher then a man / the stalke is great and full of ioyntes / the leaues are very lōge and small / the flour is yelow / the top is lyke vnto the top of dill / the sede groweth thick in the top wythout any coueringe / it is somthinge croked lyke a horne / the outsyde of it is full of gutters and crestes / the rout is longe and white The properte of Fenell out of Dioscorides FEnell / if the leaues be eaten / or yf the sede be dronken wyth a ptisame filleth weomens papes wyth milke / the brothe of the toppes of the leaues is good to lay vnto the back / for the ake in the kidnees / for it dryueth furth water It is good to be drōkē in wine against the bytynge of serpentes It prouoketh flowres / in an agew drōken wyth colde water / it slaketh the lothsunnes / and the heate of the stomacke The rotes of fenel brokē / and layde to wyth hony / are good agaynst the bitynge of a dogge The iuice whiche is pressed out of the stalke leaues / and dryed in the sonne / is put vnto those medicines that clere and bryghe the eysight In som places men vse to cut the stalke of fenell / and to take out of it a iuice like a gumme whiche is verye good for the eyes Out of Macer FEnell prouoketh men to the procreation of childer / the serpētes chow this herbe / and purge and clere theyr eyes therwyth / wherof learned mē dyd gather that it shoulde also be good for mans eyes The iuice of fenell put into a mans eares / killeth the wormes therin the vse of fenell wyth wyne is good against the swellynge of the dropsye It is also good both Feniculum Fenell or Fenkell for diseases of the liuer and the longes The broth that the rootes of fenell is sodden in / wheter it be wather or wine / is good for the diseases of the bladder and kidnens It dryueth furth water / if it be layed vpon the belly a litle aboue the priuites The broth of the rote helpeth the ake of the yearde / if it be therwyth bathed It will do the same put vnto oyle and layde to seth fenel and vineger together / and it will swag any swellinge that cometh sodēly by bytynge The sede stirreth mankind to the procreation of childer And the same is good for a pleuresy / and so is the broth of the herbe Autours wryte that serpentes waxe yonge agayne by tastinge and eatynge of this herbe / wherfore sum thinke that the vse of the herbe therfore is very mete for aged folke Out of Aetius FEnell is so hote that it may be rekened to be hote in the thyrde degre / and it drieth in the first degre / and therfore it engendreth milke Of Fenegreke FEnum grecum is called in Greke Telis / in Englishe Fenegreke in Duche Bucks horne / in Frēche Fenecreke It groweth in Italy and Germany This herbe is also called in Greke Keratitis / that is horned / aigōkeros / that is gotis horne / and bonkeros that is cowishorne / it is also called in latin siliqua / silicia silicula Fenegreke runneth vp wyth small lytle braunches stalkes / whiche are rede / the lefe is lyke vnto trifoly thre leaued grasse The flour is lytle whyte / the sede is rede / it is conteyned in a long cod / lyke a horne / the rote is rounde and sūthinge longe The vertues of Fenegreke out of Dioscorides THe flour or meale of Fenegreke hath power to soften / to driue away The same soddē in mede / if it be layed to / is good both against inwarde and outwarde inflāmations or burnynges wyth salpeter Fenum Grecum Fenegreck and vineger it minisheth the milt the iuice of the broth is good for womās diseases / if they sit in it and be bathed therwith / whether the mother is stopped or is swelled The broth that it is sodden in / streyned and layde to the head / purgeth the here scoureth awaye scurf the runnyngh sores of the heade / if that the naturall place of conception be harde and streyte by reason wherof sum women bringe furth ther childer with great ieperdy if ye mixe Fenegreke and gose fat / and put them together in the conuenient place / accordynge vnto the discretiō of an honest midwyff enlargeth and softeneth it If it be layde to grene with vineger / it is good for raw places that haue the skynne of The droth of it is good agaynst the often vaine desyre of goinge to stole / and agaynst the stinkinge fylthe of the blody flix The oyle that is pressed out of it of myrtilles / scoureth away the starres of the priuitees Of Strauberries FRagraria is called in Englishe a Strawberye leafe / whose frute is called in Englishe a strawbery / in Latin Fragū / in Duche Erdber / in Frenche Fraisue The strawbery rynneth vpon the grounde / and hath a litle roughe stalke / and in the toppe of it growe whyte floures / after the whych floures be gone / ther growe berries / whiche are grene first / Fragraria Strauuberrie and afterward rede The leafe is indētid / alwayes thre of them grow together / the rote is in som place blake and som place redyshe The vertues of Strawberries STrawberies leaues taken in meate / helpeth thē that are diseased in the milt / so doth also the iuice dronkē wyth hony The same is good to be geuen wyth peper for them that are short winded Strawberryes quenche thirst / and are good for a cholerike stomack Ther is a iuice pressed out of strawberries / whiche by cōtinuance of tyme encreaseth in strēgh / and that is a present remedy against the sores and wheales of the face / against the blodshotten eyes The brothe of the rothe swageth the heate of the liuer / dronken the morninge eueninge Many vse this herbe to ioyne together grene woundes / to stoppe laxes / and ishewes of women / to strenghehen the gūmes / to take away the sores or wheales of the mouth / and the stinkinge of the same The frut semeth to haue som warmenes in it / but the leafe is colde Of the Ashe tree THe tre is called in Latin fraxinus / in Greke melia / is named in Englishe an ashe tree / in Duche ein Esch baum / in Frēche fraisne as Theophrastus wryteth there are two kyndes of ashes / of the whiche the one is verye high tawllē / the wood of it is whyte / hath as it were grosse
mother / and the burstinge out of man or womans water Some do write that this herbe bound to / and hanged vp in a cremesin flece / stoppeth blode Of Hiacinthus Hiacinthus maximus Hiacinthus ceruleus maior Hiacinthus Ceruleus minor Hiacinthus albicanus foemina HYacinthus hath leaues like vnto the herbe called bulbus / it hath a stalke a span long / smaller then a mans litle finger / of grene color / the toppe of the herbe hāgeth downe / full of purple flowres / the roote is like vnto the rownd hede of a Bulbus The best kinde of Hiacinthus that euer I sawe / was it that Lucas Gynus the reader of Dioscorides in Bonony shewed me about a xiiij yeares agoo / harde by the mount Appennine Hiacinthus is also commen in Englande / though it be not of the best / and it is called crowtowes / crowfote crowtese The vertues of Hiacinthus THe rote of this herbe dronken / stoppeth the belly and driueth furth water / it is a remedy againste the bytinges of a felde spider The sede is more bindinge and desired for triacles / wyth wine if it be dronken / it healeth the iawndes The boyes in Northūberlande scrape the roote of the herbe and glew theyr arrowes and bokes wyth that slyme that they scrape of Of Hiosyris HYosiris is like vnto succory / but it is lesse and rowgher / the herbe that I take for Hyosiris / hath a rowghe leafe / growinge harde by the grounde indented / after the maner of succory or dandelion / but the teth are not so sharpe / the stalkes / flowers / downe are like vnto thē that are in Dandeliō / sauinge that they are roughe in this herbe / and smothe in Dādelion Wherfore I name it roughe Dandelion It groweth in sandy baron groundes / and about casten diches that haue muche sand in them The vertues of Hyosiris PLiny writeth / if the leaues of Hyosyris be brused and laide to woundes / it healeth them wounderfull well It doth appere by the taste of this herbe / and certayne qualities that I finde in it / that it shoulde serue for the same purpose that succory and Endiue serue for Of saint Iohans grasse THe herbe whiche is called in Greke Hipericon / in Englishe saint Iohans grasse / or saint Iohans wurt / in Duche saint Iohans kraut / of some herbaries fuga demonum / groweth comēly in woddes and in hedges / in som gardines wythout any settinge Dioscorides writeth thus of Hypericō Hipericon is named of som Androsemō / of other Coriō / of other Grounde pine / because the sede of it hath the smell of rosin / it hath a bushe like ferula / that is to say / fenel gyant a span long / rede / it hath a lefe like rue / a yealow floure like vnto wall gelouer Whiche if it be brused wyth a mans finger / putteth furth a blodi iuice / wherfore som haue called it mans blode It hath a cod that is roughe and round of the bignes of barley The sede is blacke and Hypericon S. Iohans grasse of the smell of rosin This herbe is called of some of the later wryters perforata / that is throw holed / bycause if ye set the leafe betwene yow and the sonne / ther shall appere an infinite nombre of holes in the leaues The vertues of saint Iohans grasse SAint Iohans grasse driueth furth water / if it belaide to / it bringeth downe flowres It deliuereth from tertiā and quartan agues if it bedronken wyth wine The sede dronken the space of xl dayes / healeth the sciatica The leaues laide to emplasterwise wyth the sede / heale burninges Of Hysop DIoscorides leueth Hisop vndescribed / belike it was so well knowen in his dayes that he thought it neded not to be described but by that meane it is now comme to passe that we dowt whether this Hysop that we haue / be the true Hysop of the auncient writers or no. Dioscorides in the description of Ograne / compareth organe in likenes vnto the hysop / but no organ that euer I saw / whether it came out of Candi or out of Spaine / or grew here in England / like vnto oure Hysop / for their is brode leaued / and our hysop hath longe leaues / wherfore ether we haue not the true hysop / or els we neuer saw the true organ The Hysop that Mesna also describeth / is not agreinge wyth this oure Hysop as ye may perceyue by this his description that foloweth here Hysop is of two sortes / ther is one mountaine Hysop / and an other gardin Hysop The gardin Hysop is halff a cubit hyghe / hath fewer stalkes and braunches thē time hath It hath leues like vnto time but greater / the flour is purple / the wilde is shorter and hath lesse leaues Ye se here that Mesne maketh his hysopes leaues like vnto the leaues of time / but we haue no suche hysop and time that agre ether in figure or bignes together / wherfore it is to be suspect that ther is som better Hysop / then this that we haue Howbe it / I thinke in vertue propertie that it differeth nothinge from the hysop of the olde writers We haue in Sumershire beside the cōmē Hysop that groweth in all other places of Englande / a kinde of Hysop that is al roughe and hory / it is greater muche and stronger then the cōmen Hysop is / som call it rough Hysop Hyssopus Hyssopum montanum Cilicium The properties of Hysop HYsop hath the vertue to make fine and to hete The brothe of Hysop made with figges / water / hony / and rue / dronken / helpeth the inflammation of the longes / the olde coughe / the shortwinded / rheumes or poses / and them that can not well take theyr breth It killeth wormes It hath the same power if it be licked in wyth hony The brothe of it dronken wyth a drinke made of hony and vinegre / called oximell / draweth out grosse humores thorow the belly / and it is good to be eaten wyth grene figges to make yow go to the stole / but it worketh better if Aris be put therto / or Cardamome or Ireo It kepeth and maketh the color of the body continewe still Wyth a fyg and nitre / it is good for the mylt and for the dropse It is vsed to be layde vnto burninge heares or inflāmationes wyth wine It druleth and scattereth awaye the blue markes of brusinges It is good to be gargled wyth the brothe of figges against the quinsey The broth of Hysop wyth vinegre swageth the toth ache if the mouth be washed ther wyth The brethe or vapor of Hisop driueth away the winde that is in the eares if they be holden ouer it Of Gethsamine or Iesemin IEfemin or Gethsamine / as I suppose is called in Greke iasme / and it is the flower / wher of the oyle called in Dioscorides oleum
is to saye / a stalk / is that parte of the herbe / wherby the norishement is caried / ryseth vp from the grounde alone If thys be true / then shoulde there be but one floure vpon euery stalk of the floure Delice / or all should stand together in the top / and none shoulde by equall distance as Dioscorides meaneth stand one beneth an other Matthiolus setteth out ij figures of Iris / the olye is of the wilde / therein are vj. floures / in the tame are iiij floures / and in bothe the figures are but ij caules or stalkes / except he take pediculos / called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be all one with caule / which is contrari to all learninge / therefore the floures grow not allwayes in the top of euery stalk alone / but som aboue in the topp / som beneth / com out of the stalk and stand super petiolos or pediculos suos / that is vpon theyr stiles or foot stalkes Therfore hys annotation is nothyng worth Of the walnut and the walnut tree NVx wythout any farther addition is called a Walnut or a walnut tree It is called also Iuglans / nux persica / glans iouis / nux bisilica / nux regia / in Greke Carya basilica / in Duche Eyn nuß baum / oder ein Welshnuß / in Frenche Vng noier The walnut and the walnut trees are so well knowen in all countries / that I nede not to describe / wherfore I entende to leaue the description and to go to the properties of it The vertues of the Vualnut Iuglans WAlnuttes are harde of digestion / not good for the stomake / and ingēdre choler / and they make the heade ache They are euell for them that haue the coughe They are fit to be taken fastinge of them that woulde vomite If they be taken afore hande wyth rue and figges / and also after meat by by / they wythstande poison They do no lesse / if they be eaten after that a man hath dronkē poison If they be eatē in greate plenty they driue out brode wormes It is good to lay them to / wyth a litle hony and rue for the burninge heate or inflammation of the papes / for impostemes / and places out of ioynt If they be layde to wyth an onion / salt and hony / they are good for the bytinges both of men and dogges If they be burnt wyth theyr vtter huskes and laide vnto the nauell / they stāche the gnawinge of the belly The shell burnt and broken in oyle and wine / is good to anoynt childers heades wythall to make the here grow / the same is also good to fill vp the bare places of scalled heades The kernels burned / if they be broken and laide to wyth wine / they will stay the blody yssew that som tyme wemen haue The same are good to laye to olde carbuncles and crepinge sores / tetters and impostemes that are in the corners of the eye The same chowed and laide vpon the heade / are a present remedy for the fallyng of the heare A man may make oyle of the kirnels of walnuttes / if he will presse them / specially when they are olde they that are grene / are not so ill for the stomake as the olde nuttes be / because they are sweter Yf they be mixed with garleke / they take away the sharpnes And they do if they be layde to emplasterwise / driue awaye the blew markes that come of stripes The walnut tree both in his leaues and buddes hath a certayne bindinge / but the bindinge is most euidently perceyued in the vtter huskes / both moyst and drye / and therfore fullers dorse them But I / sayeth Galen / presse out the iuice of the huskes as I do out of the Mulberies bambleberes / and set it wyth sodden hony / and vse it in the steade of a mouth healinge medicine / as I vse the forsaide iuice of mulberes and brambleberes The kirnell of the nut / when it is wythered / is of subtill partes and a dryinge medicine wyth out any bytynge Out of Pliny THe Gretians haue named the walnut of that / that it bringeth the heade ache / for the strengthe of the trees and the leaues perche into the brayne / if the nuttes be taken a fore hand / they breake and quenche the myght of poyson They are good to be laide to the squynsie wyth rue oyle Cneius pompeius when he had ouercomed the myghty kinge Mythrydites / he founde in his most secret treserhouse in a lytle boke by it selffe wryttē wyth his owne hāde wyth this preseruatiue / the cōposition wherof is this Take two drye Walnuttes / and ij figges and xx leaues of rue / breake them together and put a corne of salt tho them / and if yow eate this medicine fastinge / ther shall no poyson hurt yow that daye the kirnels of the nuttes if they be chowed / of a man fastinge / is a present remedy if they be layde vnto the bytinges of a mad dogge Som vse to make succat wyth hony or sugar of the yonge nuttes / whiche are palled of the tree about midsomea Tragus wryteth that the water whiche is destilled out of the grene nuttes gathered at mitsomer / is good for the inflammation of the pappes / impostumes / and for places out of ioynt / the oyle that is pressed out of the walnuttes / saieth Tragus / is good for the purposes aboue rehersed Of Squynant IVncus odoratus siue rotundus / is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / in Englishe Squynant / in Duche Kamelhewe / in the potecaris shoppis Squinantū Squynant groweth in Aphrica and in Arabia / the best cōmeth out of Nabathea / the next in goodnes is it that cōmeth out of Arabie / the worst cometh out of Africa the best the most wourthiest to be chosen / is that whiche is redde / fresse and full of floures / but small / and hath redde peces in it / whiche beinge robbed in a mans handes / will smell lyke a rose It byteth the tonge also lyke fyer We vse no part of it / sauinge the flower / the stalke and the rote We haue not in Europa suche squynant as Dioscorides describeth I neuer sawe squynant growinge / sauinge only dryed The properties of Squynant SQuynant hath the vertue to bringe downe floures to dryue fourth water / it driueth winde awaye / maketh the heade heauy / and bindeth a lytle / breaketh and rypeth / and maketh louse the vessels that the winde maye comforth His floure is good in drinke for them that voide blode / for the paine of the stomake / longes / lyuer and kidnies The rote is more astringent bindinge / therfore it is good to be geuen in the quantite of a dram wyth so muche peper for a few dayes vnto them that haue the lothsumnes of the stomake to them that are sicke
testantur That is / the vse of the herbe is Iberis restoreth these men perfitly to theyr helth agayn / thys herbe is called of som LepidiuÌ„ / of other agrio cardamum But many experimentes or profes bere witnes that the bushy one that groweth with vs / with leues lyke bay leues but greater / answereth not only in the sciatica / but also in other old diseases Thys Lepidium that Pliny / Paul describe / groweth plentuously about the water syde that rynneth thorow Morpeth in Northumberland / in suche places as great heapes of stones are casten together wyth the myght of a great spat or floode The vertues of Lepidium I Nede not to wryte any more of the vertues of Lepidium / that I haue done before / seyng that Pliny and Paul gyue the same vertues to Lepidium that Democrates / Galene and Archigenes gyue vnto Iberis Therfore they that will know more of the vertues of Lepidium / let them rede the chapter of Hiberis The Germanes in som places take the iuice of thys herbe and menge it with vinegre salt / and make a sauce there of for rostedfleshe as in Freseland / som make a sauce of redco for sodden meat Of Rosmary LIbanotis stephanω matike / called in Latine Rosmarinus / is named in English Rosemari Rosemari as Dioscorides sayeth putteth furth smal braunches / and about them small leues / thyck / long / whyte in vnder / and grene aboue / with a strong sauor The vertues of Rosmary Rosmarinus ROsmary hath an hetyng nature / Rosmary healeth the iaundes / if the broth or water that it is soddeÌ„ in / be dronken before a man exercyse hym self / and after that he hath exercised hym self / entre into a bath / and drynke vnwatered wyne after Men vse to put Rosmari in medicines that dryue werisumnes away / and into the oyntment called Gleucinum The Arabianes as Serapio witnesseth / gyue these properties vnto Rosmari Rosmari is hote drye in the thyrde degre / it is good for the colde reum that falleth from the brayn / it heateth and maketh fyne or subtil It dryueth wynde away / stirreth a man to make water / and bryngeh down weomens floures / it openeth the stoppynges of the liuer of the milt and the bowelles Tragus the Germany writeth that Rosemary is a spice in the kitchines of Germany / and not without a cause The wyne sayeth he of Rosmari / taken of a woman / if she will fast iij. or iiij houres after / is good for the payn in the mother / and agaynst the white floures if they come of any inwarde imposteme It openeth the lung pipes / and it is good for them that are shortwynded It helpeth digestion / and withstaÌ„deth poyson It stancheth the gnawyng of the belly / it scoureth the blode / and if a man will go into a warm bed after that he hath dronken of it / it will make a man swete If that Rosemary leues be soddeÌ„ in wyne / they will do the same The â—â—nserue made of the floures of Rosmari / is good for them that swoun / are week harted The water of Rosemary as the same Tragus wryteth / is good for them that for horsenes haue loste theyr speche Rosemari is also goodâ— withstand trynblyng of the membres / the dusines of the heade Of the herbe called Ligusticum LIgusticum which some call Panaceam / and other Panaces / groweth muche in Liguria in the mount Appennine / nere vnto the alpes / where vpon it hath the name The inhabitantes there about call it not without a cause Panaces / because both in the roote and stalck / it is lyke Panaci heracleotico / hath the same vertues that it hath It groweth in hygh and sharp or rough mountaynes / in shaddowy places / and specially about ryuers / or as other textes haue / about diches It hath a small stalk full of ioyntes / lyke vnto dill / and leues in the goyng about lyke vnto Melilote / but softer / well smellyng / smaller about the top / and much diuided In the top there is a bushy or a spoky top / where in haÌ„geth black sede sound and somthyng long lyke vnto fenel / sharpe in taste / in smellyng lyke spyce The roote is white / and well smellyng lyke vnto the roote of Panacis heracleotici Thys herbe dyd I neuer se in England / nether in Germany / but it that I saw in Italy / was not lyke it / that Matthiolus setteth furth For it that I sawe / had leues thrise as byg as it that Matthiolus sheweth There grew in it that I saw / all moste in euery place thre leues together / which were lyke vnto a kynd of lotus / or a clauer / or a trifoly As far as I can mark as yet / the herbe that I saw / agreeth better wyth the description / then it that Matthiolus hath caused to be paynted / but let other that haue sene the ryght Melilote where of I meruel that Matthiolus hath not set out the figure as he doth of other herbes / which he granteth that he knoweth / be iudges which of our two herbes is lyker vnto Melilote / and let that be the ryghter herbe that hath the lyker leaues vnto Melilote The vertues of Ligusticum THe nature of the sede is to hete and to make rype It is good for inward aches and swellynges / and for inflammationes / specially of suche as haue theyr stomack swellyng vp / It remedieth styngyng of serpentes In drynk it draweth down weomens sicknes / stirreth a man to make water The root layd to / hath the same effect It is very good for the mouth / wherefor the inhabiter there / where it groweth / vse it in the sede of peper / put it in meates Of Lyuerwurt LIchen which comenly groweth vpon stones / is also called bryon / it cleueth vnto watery stones / or such as at the leste are somtyme sprynkled wyth water as a mosse The colour is for the moste parte grene / but somtyme yeloweshe grene / namely iâ— the place be dryed where it groweth To thys description agreeth well the herbe which is called in Englishe Liuerwurte / in Duch Stein leberkraut or Brunleberkraut / in Frenche Hepatique / of the apothecaries hepatica If any man can not know thys Liuerworth by thys shorte description / let hym know it also by these markes It rynneth lyke a grene lefe not only vpon stones / but also vpon a moyst ground / wyth certayn bellishe swellynges / aperyng aboue the rest of the lefe There groweth out of it a certayn litle twig / lyke as it were a stalke / in the top where of are litle thynges like sterres At the first syght the hole herbe loketh lyke vnto a lefe of the crympled lettuce The vertues of Liuerwurt Lichen IF Liuerwort be laid to / it stoppeth blood / it stoppeth or holdeth back inflammationes or
both blody flixes / other And the same is good for the blody isshue that weomen are som tyme vexed wyth all Of the herbe called Flax or line Linum FLax is an herbe wyth a small stalk / where vpon grow many smal leues / somthyng long sharpe at the ende It hath blue floures in the top of the stalk / and after that they be gone / ther come furth round knoppes / sauyng that ther is in the end a sharp thyng lyke a prick growyng out These knoppes or heades are called in Northumberland bowles / and wythin these heades are long flat sedes in color redishe / and eche sede is conteyned in hys proper cell diuyded from the rest The roote is very smal Flax which is called of the Northen men lynt / in Duche Flachs / in Frenche Du lyne / in Greke Linon / and in Latin Linum / groweth very plentuously in the North parte of England / and should grow as plentuously also in the South parte / if men regarded not more theyr priuat lucre then the kynges Lawes and the comen profit of the hole realm I haue sene flax or lynt growyng wilde in Sommerset shyre wythin a myle of Welles / but it hath fewer bowles in the top then the sowen flax hath / and a greate dele a longer stalk Whiche thynges are a sure token that flax would grow there if men would take the payn to sow it The vertues of Lint sede LYnt sede hath the same vertue that Fenegrek hath It scattereth abrode or dryueth away It softeneth any thyng that is inflāmed or very hote / hath any hardnes / whether it be with in / or wythout / if it be sodde wyth hony / oyl / and a litle water / or if it be put into sodden hony When it is raw / it taketh away the defautes of the face and frekles / and litle swellynges there / if it be layd to emplaster wyse wyth nitre or salpeter and asshes of a fygtre It dryueth away swellynges behinde the eares / hardnes rynnyng sores And if it be sodden wyth wyne it scoureth away rynnynge sores / whose matter is lyke hony It pulleth away roughe nayles with a like portione of cresses hony It draweth furth the diseases of the breste / if it be taken with hony in the maner of an electuari / it swageth the coughe If it be taken in a cake plentuously with peper / it will stirr men to generation of chylder The broth of lynt sede is good to be poured in / agaynst the gnawynges / and goyng of the skin both of the guttes also of the mother It bryngeth also furth the ordur or dung of the belly It is good for weomē to sit in water where in lynt sede is sodden against the inflammationes and hete of the mother / I haue red in a practicioner / that vj. vnces of lynt sede oyle a good remedy against the pestilence if it be dronken all at one tyme. In other practicioners I rede that the oyle of lint sede is good for to be dronken about the mesure of two or iij. vnces with barley water agaynst the pleuresi But let the oyle be freshe in anywyse / for if it be old / it is vnholsom / and not to be takē within the body Of Grummel or graymile Lithospermon LIthospermon is called of the commen herbaries and apothecaries milium solis / in Duch steinsamen / in Frenche gremil / and it should be called in English gray mile and not as it is now called grummell It is called milium of the herbaries / and in Frēche mil / and also in Englishe / because in forme and fasshō it is like the yelow sede / which is called in Latin milium / and it is called gray mil of the blewish gray color that it hath / to put a difference betwene it / and the other mile or millet The Duche men gyue the name of the hardnes of the sede which is lyke vnto a stone hardnes The description of Lithospermon out of Dioscorides LIthospermon hath leues lyke vnto an Oliue / but longer and broder and softer / namely they that come furth of the roote lye vpon the grounde The braūches are streyght / small / strōg and of the bygnes of a sharp rishe and woddishe And in the top of thē is ther a double furth growyng / or a double thyng growing out / and ech of thē is lyke a stalck / with long leues / and by them is there a stony sede / litle and rounde of the bygnes of Orobus It groweth in rough hygh places Matthiolus supposeth that Fuchsius doth not know the ryght Lithospermō of Dioscorides / because he setteth out / as he sayeth the lesse milium solis for Lithospermo As for my parte I grant that there groweth a better kynde of Lithospermon viij myles aboue Bōne in Germany in a wild countre called Kaltland / then thys cōmen Lithospermō called commenly miliū solis is But it had ben Matthiolisses deuty to haue proued by the description of Dioscorides or by some parte of it / at the lesse / that milium solis that Fuchsius setteth furth / is not the true Lithospermon / and then myght he haue layd ignorance vnto Euchsiusses charge the better But in my iudgemēt Matthiolus is more ignorāt of the true Lithospermy / then Fuchsius is for it that he setteth furth / doth nether agre with the descriptiō of Dioscoridis / nor yet of Pliny The herbe that Matthiolus setteth out he myght haue set out the best Lithospermon / and the hole perfit her be with all his partes / seyng that he maketh Lithospermon so commenly knowen vnto all men in Italy hath but two small stalkes where vpon the leues sedes grow / and they are set out / not streyght but crooked / and bowyng diuerse wayes Lithospermon of Dioscorides hath diuerse braūches that are ryght or streyght The two furth growynges that Dioscorides sayeth / are in the toppes of the braunches / can not be sene in it that Matthiolus setteth furth The leues of Lithospermon that Dioscorides describeth are longer broder then an Oliue tre leueis / namely they that are next vnto the grounde But the leues of it that Matthiolus setteth furth / semeth a lyke lōg and brode in all places of the stalck or twyg that they grow on / resemble very litle an Oliue lefe as any mā that knoweth an oliue lefe can bere witnes The Lithospermō of Dioscorides hath the sede in the top / fur Dioscorides saieth In ramulorum cacumine duplex est exortus cauliculo similis folijs longis inter quae paruum semen c. But the Lithospermō that Matthiolus paynteth hath the sedes euen from the root allmoste vnto the ouermost top of all Wherefore Matthiolus accusyng Fuchsius of an error / erreth in Lithospermo much more hys selfe If he say that he setteth furth Lithospermon Plinij / thē he
allother herbes frō it If it be trymmed thus / it may wel be cut down six tymes in the yere / and it will increase for the space of ten yeres And thus far haue I writen to you the myndes and experiēce of old autores that they haue had of medic fother or horned clauer Now it that I haue proued my selfe / I will not refuse to shew vnto you my countremen I haue sowen iij. kyndes of medic fother / the leste kynde / the grete smoth kynde / and the great rough kinde The lest kind do I alow leste of all other / because the leues and stalkes are al very litle / and therfore in fedyng of cattel can do but litle seruice The grete smoth kynde as I haue proued / groweth into a meruelus greate bushe As for the greate roughe kynde / how greate it will be / I haue not as yet proued / for I neuer sowed it before thys summer But by all tokens that I can se as yet / it is lyke to be as good and greate as the greate smoth kynde If ye haue but a bushe or ij of medic / and would fayn haue much sede rype before the cōmyng of wynter / because the medic bushe is very thyck / and therefore hath many flowres and sed vesselles that the son can not come to / it is best to take the moste parte of euery bushe at the ioynt of the herbe / about the tyme that the floure is redy to come furth / and somtyme when the flour is commed furth / then ye must set the braunches that ye haue plucked of / depe in the grounde / and water them twyse on the day / and they shall bryng furth sede as well as them that are sowen / and muche better then they that are ouershaddowed in the bushe / and want the help of the son Thys haue I proued diuerse tymes / wherefore I dar be bolde to write it Of Mint DIoscorides describeth not Mint / and maketh but of one kynde of gardin mint Wherefore when as there are diuerse kyndes of myntes growyng now only in gardines / it is very harde to know which of them is it of whiche Dioscorides writeth Fuchsius maketh four kyndes of gardin mintes / and thē he describeth diligently And Matthiolus maketh iij. kyndes of myntes / but he describeth them very lyghtly and barely And allthough he disprayse the multitude or diuersite of the kyndes / semyng thereby to meane / that there is but one ryght kynde yet nether in hys descriptiones / nor in his figures he telleth which is the ryght kynde that Dioscorides describeth / whome he taketh in hand to Mentha satiua Mentha satiua altera Mentha hortensis tertia Mentha hortensis quarta expound The first kynd of Fuchsiussis gardin myntes hath a four squared stalk from the roote / a litle violet redishe with som horynes The lefe is allmost round / indented about lyke a saw / soft and well smelling It hath litle cremisin floures in the knoppes that go about the ioyntes after the maner of whorles Hys second kynde is lyke the former in al thynges / sauyng the it hath in the top of the stalkes a purplishe flour after the fasshō of a corn eare The thyrde kynde hath a longer lefe and sharper / and purple floures in the toppes of the stalkes / of the figure of eares of corne His fourth hath also longer leues / and knoppes about the ioyntes where in are purplishe floures as the first hath He calleth the first minte in Duche deyment or krauß deiment The second he calleth kraus balsum He sayeth that the thyrde is called in Duche balsammuntz / and vnserfrawen muntz or spitzmuntz / and of the herbaries Mentha Sarracenica or Romana He calleth the fourth / hertz kraut or balsam kraut Matthiolus describeth hys thre gardin myntes thus One hath shorte and curled leues / an other hath a rede stalk and a rede floure / and an other hath a whithishe flour Now will I shew yow my mynde / whych of all these mintes semeth vnto me to be it that Dioscorides wryteth of The two first kyndes that Fuchsius setteth furth / can not be the gardin mynte that Dioscorides writeth of / because they haue both roūde leues For Dioscorides in the description of fiueleued grasse / wryteth that it hath leues lyke vnto mint But the cinfoly or fiueleued grasse hath not rounde leues / but long and indented Therfore nether of them can be it that Dioscorides writeth of But seyng that hys thyrde mynte hath long sharpe indented leues lyke vnto the leues of cinkfoli / I reken it to be the ryght gardin mint As for the figures of Matthiolus I must nedes confesse that they are fayre / and so lyke one to an other that a man cā not well discerne the one from the other But yet I reken that the second agreeth better then the former with the leues of Cinkfoly Thys herbe is called with vs gardin mynte / and as far as I remembre / it is called spere mynte / and if it be not named so / it may well be called so of the sharpnes of the lefe that it hath The vertues of gardin mynt MYnt hath a warmyng / byndyng and a drying poure It will stopp blood / if the iuice of it be dronken with vinegre It killeth round wormes in the belly It prouoketh man to the generation of chylder Thre braunches taken with the iuice of sour pomgranat / stancheth the hitchcok / the choler and perbrekyng Mynte layde to the heade / swageth the ache therof It swageth the brestes or pappes / if they be stretched furth or swelled with plenty of mylke It is good to be layde to the bytynges of dogges with salt It dryueth away matery rottenfilth / if it be layd to with perched barley mele With mede it is good for the payn in the eare It smoteth the roughnes of the tong / if it be rubbed therwith It will not suffer mylck to crud and to be made chese if the leues be put into be the mylck that a man drynketh To be short / it is good for the stomack / hath a singulare pleasantnes in sawces Out of the later writers THe smell of mynt streyngthteneth the brayne / and kepeth the mentory and increaseth it Mint if it be put into milk / wil not let it crud It is good for the isshue of blood It is good for the colik with the graynes of a pomgranat It hath a singulare vertu agaynst the bytyng of a mad dog Serapio writeth that mint preserueth chese from rottyng / or corruption But the iuice is best for that purpose Macer sayeth that if mynt be layde vnto a womans breste / that it will dissolue and breke insunder cruddeth mylk Out of Symeon Sethi MInt is hote in the thyrde degre / and dry in the second / and it hath som moystenes more then the wilde mynte / it is good for
a cold liuer / and it streyngthteneth the stomack / and helpeth digestion It staÌ„cheth perbrekyng and the hitch cough It helpeth the gnawynges of the stomack and stirreth vp an appetite / and dryueth wynde away It killeth wormes / and specially the broth of the wilde mynt It stirreth vp the lust of the body / and openeth the stoppyng of the milt and liuer But ye must not eat your fill of it / for it fineth the blood / and maketh it waishe / and turneth it lyghtly into yelow choler / and also because it is of subtill or fyne partes / it driueth abrode and wasted it way But it leueth still it that is grosse and melancholishe Therefore they that are hurt with yelow gall / must forbere from mynt Bruse it with salt and it is an holsom remedy agaynst the bytyng of a mad dog When it is withered and made in pouder / and taken after mete / it helpeth digestion an heleth them that are diseased with the milt It is also good for weomen that haue an harde labor / when it is dronken with wyne The sede of it scoured the belly / but it hurteth the lunges Of the wild mynte called mentastrum MEntastrum called in Greke hediosmos agrios / hath a rougher lefe / in all poyntes greater theÌ„ SisymbriuÌ„ hath / and is of a more greuous sauor Dioscorides describeth hys wilde mynte no largelier then ye se Wherefore when as there are diuerse kyndes of wilde mynte / it shall be hard to know whiche of theÌ„ Dioscorides meaneth of But by the short descriptioÌ„ of Dioscorides we are taught that / that kynde whiche hath the greate and roughe lefe / and not any that hath any small or smothe lefe is menthastrum SisymbriuÌ„ / which is a kynd of wild bauÌ„ mynte / hath a broder lefe then mint hath / and wilde mynt hath a greater lefe then Sisymbrium hath / wherefore after the mynde of Dioscorides who teacheth it that I haue sayde / the wilde mynte must nedes haue a great lefe Thys wilde mynte groweth in moyst groundes by watersydes / with a rough lefe and hory / with certayn toppes in the ouermost parte of the stalkes / lyke vnto short eares of corn the herbe looketh muche more whytishe then the gardin mynt doth / and it hath a verye strong sauor The horse mynt semeth also to be a kynde of menthastrum how be it I take it not for the right kynde of Dioscorides The vertues of wilde mynte Mentha syluestris uel Mentastrum THe wilde mynte as Dioscorides sayeth is not so muche desyred to be vsed of holemen as the gardin mint is / greuous because it hath a more sauor Galene wryting of thys herbe vnder the name of calamint / in the proper chapter of mint writeth that thys mint is not so moyst as the gardin mint is / but that it is hoter and dryer / therfore that it is not fit for diuerse purposes that the other mint is fit for Pliny writeth thus of the wilde mynte / MeÌ„tastruÌ„ is a wild mint / differyng in the kynde of leues / for they haue the figur of Basil / the color of peny ryall Wherfore som calle it wilde penny ryall It was fouÌ„d in the tyme of PoÌ„peius the greate / that the lepre called Elephantiasis is healed with these chowed and layd on / by the experience or profe of a certain man that for shame couered hys face therwith The same are layd to and are dronken against the styngyng of scorpiones with salt / oyle / and vinegre / and agaynst scolopendres stynginges of serpentes in the quantite of ij drammes in ij cyates of wyne The leues are keped in pouder agaynst all poysones If they be strowed vpoÌ„ the grounde and smooke made of theÌ„ / they will dryue away scorpiones c. Pliny semeth to take for hys meÌ„tastro an other then Dioscorides doth / whilse he geueth the proportion of the leâ—â— of basil vnto it / and colour of peny ryall / whiche thynges agre not with the description of mentastrum in Dioscorides It appereth that the comen rede fish mynt that groweth about watersydes with whorlish circles goyng about the stalck / is the mentastrum that Pliny writeth of But as I haue sayd afore / it that Dioscorides setteth out / hath long thynges lyke eares of corn / in the toppes of the stalkes / and long roughe leues and hory / nether lyke in figur to Basil / nor in color to peny ryall / except I be farr deceyued Of Mercury MErcurialis is named in Greke ermou batanioÌ„ / and linozostis / in Englishe Mercury / in Duche rekraut / or bingelkraut / in Frenche mercurall Mercury sayeth Dioscorides hath the leues of Basil / but lesse / much like vnto Parietori or Pilletori of the wall / with litle branches compassed about with a dubble knot of ioyntes or knees The sede of the femall is very pleÌ„tuous / and resembleth Mercurialis foemina Mercurialis masc / as it were a cluster of grapes But the fruite and sede of the male coÌ„meth furth betwen the stalck and the leues / round / litle / lyke vnto ij stones ioyned together The bushe is a spaÌ„ hyghe or hygher By thys descriptioÌ„ it 〈◊〉 playn / that our forfathers haue erred in EnglaÌ„d / which hitherto in the moste parte of all EnglaÌ„d / haue vsed an other herbe in the stede of the ryght Mercury Therfore as many as had leuer ete whete / then a cornes / let them vse nomore theyr old Mercury / but thys Mercury which Dioscorides describeth The ryght Mercury groweth comen in the feldes and wynyardes of Germany without any settyng or sowyng And it beginneth now to be knowen in London / and in Gentle mennis places not far from London I neuer saw it grow more plentuously in all my lyfe then about Wormes in Germany The vertues of Mercury BOth the Mercuries are eaten in sallettes or mouses to louse the belly If ye drynke the water that Mercury is sodden in / it draweth choler and water It is perfitly knoweÌ„ as Dioscorides writeth / that the male herbe dronken / maketh men childer / that the female maketh females / if they be taken after the scouryng or purgyng / and be layd to the places conuenient Out of Pliny IT is wonderfull that is tolde of both the mercuries / that is / that the male maketh meÌ„ childer / the femal weomen chylder They say that thys coÌ„meth so then to passe / if by and by after the conceptioÌ„ / the iuice be dronkeÌ„ in maluasei / or if the leues be sodden eateÌ„ with oyl and salt / or if they be eaten raw with vinegre Of the Medler tr MEspilus is named in greke Mespile / in Englishe a Medler tre or an open arss tre / in Duche / ein nesselbaum / in FreÌ„che mesplier The mespil or medler tre / is full of prickes with a lefe lyke vnto
the ground Yet for all thys / I reken that the spike can not be properly called a roote And as for the place that they alledge out of Galene de antidotis / in Galenis wordes they must ether vnderstand Galene to calle the spike of Nardus vnproperly a roote / or ellis they muste in other places not only deny the autorite of Galene / but also of Philo / Dioscorides also / which make an open distinctione and difference betwene the roote of Nardus an the eare of the same or ellis playnly deny that the spik is a root Galene in the .ix. book de compositione medicamentorum secundum locos alledgeth in the preseruatiue or antidot of Philo ij verses amongest many other / whiche seme playnly to deny that Nardus is a roote The verses are these Et drachmam dictae falso radicis ab ipsa Terra pissae quae Ioue clara manet And Galene expoundyng these verses / sayeth these wordes folowynge Quin Nardi ipsius drachmam vnam conijciendam censet quam radicem falso dictam appellat quando quidem spica nardi verè nominatur Also he iudgeth that a dram of Nardus must be put there to / which he calleth a falsely named roote / because it is truely named the ear or spike of Nardus Dioscorides also in the description of the Nardus whiche is called gangitis / sayeth that many spikes or eares com out of one roote / where vpon it foloweth playnly by the autorite of Dioscorides that the ear of Nardus is not the root of Nardus Therefore I reken that it is playn that the spica Nardi can not be properly called a roote / without the gaynsaying of Philo / Dioscorides and Galene Matthiolus layng to other mennes charges ernestly many errours wrytyng vpon Nardus / is not very far from a manifest error if he be not wrapped within it all redy For he semeth to iudge that Nardus hath no stalk at all / and that therefore the spike or ear can not grow in the top of the stalk / which is not / or can no where be foūd Hys wordes are these Ego tametsi nardi quà m plurimum c. Allthough I haue examined picked out very much Nardus / in the shoppes of Venis / yet could I neuer fynd any thyng of Nardus there / sauyng only the eare Wherefore I thynk there can be found no Nardus which bryngeth furth the eares in the top But what reason is thys / he seeth nothyng of Nardus but the eare / ergo Nardus hath nothyng ellis / because he hath sene no more If thys be Matthiolusses argument as he semeth at the leste to go toward thys end then it appeareth that Nardus should haue nether any stalk / nether any other root besyde the eare / which is clene contrari vnto Dioscorides / whome he taketh in hand to expounde / who appoynteth both a stalk vnto Nardus / and also an other roote besyde the spikes or eares to the same And allthough in Germany there is not suche choyse of simples in euery place as is in Venis / yet in thys yere of our lorde 1557. I found in the shop of Iacob Diter the Apothecari of Wiseburg on pece of Nardus whiche hath a stalk a fynger long holow / and of the bygnes of a metely byg straw / which I haue to shew at thys present daye As touchyng the roote of Nardus if that Matthiolus could fynde nothing of it / sauyng the eare at Venis / I meruel where he found the litle roote that the eares grow one in hys figure whiche he hath set out in hys commentaries vpon Dioscorides Amatus holdeth also stiffly that the spyke or ear of Nardus is also the roote But it semeth by hys writyng both in the chapter of mew / and also in Nardus / that he shoulde meane that the ear of Nardus / should be the nether parte of the roote of Nardus / for in both the chapters he compareth the root of spiknard with the roote of mew And in bothe the places he sayeth that the tufty rootes that ar very lyke spiknarde in Mew / grow in infima parte radicis / in the lowest parte of the rootes In the later place he sayeth thus Where as Dioscorides sayeth that Nardus putteth furth of one roote many eares that serueth for our purpos / whē as out of one principall roote as the mother of the rest / many rootes as hary eares growyng one hard to an other / do spryng out / as a man may se the lyke in the rootes of Mew / whose infinite rootes were diuided into eares that all that saw them / iudged them to be Spiknard And a litle after he sayeth / wherefore we ought to conclude that ther is no other roote found in Nardus / sauyng the spike or eare If he mean thus as by hys wrytyng he semeth to do / he is very far deceyued For besyde that I haue sene a stalk immediatly commyng from the spike the stalk commeth neuer immediatly from the lowest parte of the roote Dioscorides sheweth that the Spikes com from one roote The rootes allwayes in all plantes ar the lowest nether most partes of them / then when as the Spikes com out of one roote / that roote must be lower and benethe the Spikes Then the Spikes can not be the lowest partes of the rootes / as he sayeth that the tufty endes and lowest partes of the rootes of Mew be But where as he sayeth that there is no other root sauyng the Spike / I ask them whether it is the maner of Dioscorides to geue one thyng in one place ij sundry names / and to disseuer one thyng with ij names when as the thyng is but one If it be not hys maner so to do / then is hys glose brought in vayn / where as he sayeth the the sayng of Dioscorides that many Spikes com out of one roote / is to be vnderstand / that many rootes com out of one principal or mother roote when as Dioscorides in all hys hole worke neuer calleth a roote a Spike / nor a Spike a roote As for the other error whiche he holdeth or at the leste he semeth to hold with Matthiolus / that Nardus hath nether stalk nether other roote then the eare / nede to make no other confuratione then it that a lytle aboue I haue made vnto Matthiolus for the same opinion Then thys is my opinion of Nardus / that it hath a lytle roote in the grounde / out of the whiche the Spikes or eares spryng out / and I thynk that the lowest partes of the eares at the leste touche the ground / and that the stalke as I haue ones sene it commeth out of the middes of the Spike or eare of blak redishe color / thin and holow within The vertues of Spiknard NArdus hathe pour to hete and to dry It dryueth furth water and maketh a man pisse wel
if a man wolde eat it / he had nede to sethe it very muche Aueroes writeth that the gardine carot is good for them that ar slow to the worke of increasyng the world with childer Of the herbe called Peplis Peplis PEplis whome som call wild porcellayn / Hippocrates calleth pepliō / for the moste parte groweth by the see syde / it hath a brode shaddowyng bushe which is full of whyte iuice The leues ar lyke vnto porcellayn / rounde and rede benethe Vnder the leues is a rounde sede as there is in pleplo with a burnyng taste It hathe but one single roote / which is empty and small I haue sene thys herbe in Ilandes about Venis It is very lyk vnto our English wartwurth / which is iudged of learned men to be tithimalus helioscopius / but it is much shorter thicker / and spredeth it self vpon the ground / it may be called in Englishe see wartwurt The vertues of Peplis PEplis taken in the quantite of an acetable with one cyate of mede / purgeth out choler and fleme thys herbe haue I sene in an yland besyde Venis Of the herbe called Peplis Peplos PEplus is a busshy herbe full of milky iuice / with litle leues lyke rue / but a litle broder / with a round bushe of herbes in the top / almoste a span lōg / spred vpon the grounde The sede is roūde groweth vnder the leues sumthyng lesse thē whyte poppy sede It is full of many helpes It hath but one roote that void nothyng worthe It groweth amongest the vindes in gardines I neuer saw thys herbe in any place sauyng only in Bonony / where as my master Lucas aboue xvj yeres shewed me with many other strange herbes which I neuer saw sence I cam out of Italy I know no name for thys herbe but for lak of a better name / it may be called pety spourge Thys herbe hath no other vertues as Dioscorides writeth then Peplis hath Of Vuod bynde Periclymenum PEriclymēnon is named of the comon herbaries matrisylua / in Englishe Wodbynde / or Honysuckle in som places of Englād / the Duche men call it Waldgilgen / the Frenche men call it / cheure fueille Wodbynd doth bush vp in one stalk alone and hath litle leues whiche stande by lyke spaces one from an other / imbracynge the stalk / white in vnder lyke vnto Iuy And ther grow litle twigges vp amongest the leues where on grow berries lyke vnto Iuy berries The flour is white like the faba floures / which men take for our beane / somthyng round / as thoughe it leaned down toward the leafe The sede is harde / and not easye to be plucked away The roote is round and thik It groweth in feldes and hedges / and windeth it self about busshes The properties of wodbynde IF ye gather the sede of Wodbynd when it is rype / dry it in a shaddowy place / will geue a dram of it in wyne for the space of xl dayes / it will melt away the mylt / dryue away werines / it well be excellētly good medicine for shortnes of wynde / for the hitchcoughe or yiskyng It will dryue furth water / but vpon the sixt day after the continual vse of it / it will dryue out blody water The same is good for a woman that hath an hard laboryng of childe The leues haue the sam vertues And som write that if a man drynk the leues xxxvij dayes together / that they will make hym that he shal get no mo childer If ye seth the leues of wodbynd in oyle / anoynte them that haue the ague comming vpon them by certayn courses and commynges about / and they will ease them Of the Great bur Lappa maior Personatia THe great bur is named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin personata not persolata / of the comon herbaries lappa maior / in Duche groß Kletten / in Frenche Gletteron The bur hath leues lyke vnto a gourde but bygger / rougher / blacker and thicker The stalk is som thyng whytishe / howbeit it is found som tyme with out any stalk at all It groweth comonly about townes and villages / about diches and hyghewayes doug hylles suche vile places The vertues of the great bur THe roote of the bur taken with pinaple kirnelles / in the quantite of a dram / is good for them that coughe out matter or fylthy gear / or bloode The roote is good to be layd to / for the ach that commeth by the wrinchyng or streuyng of any ioynte The leues ar good to be layd vpon olde sores Of the herbe called Petasites Petasites PEtasites hath soft stele or footstalk / a cubit lōg and somtyme longer / it is of the thicknes of a mannis finger / and in the top of it groweth a lefe which hath the fasshon of an hat / it hangeth doun after the maner of a todestool Dioscorides maketh no mention nether of the masterstalke nether of the flour of thys herbe / but I haue sene bothe In the myddes of Marche in watery groundes besyde riuerse / and brookes that ryn all the year / and ar not dry in summer thys herbe bryngeth first furth a short stalk / where vpon grow many floures as they were in a cluster / in color purple in whyte After that the stalke and floures ar faided gone away / then com vp the leues / euen as it chanceth vnto the herbe which is called in Greke Bechion / and in Latin Tussilago It hath a grete and long bitter roote with a very strong smell Thys herbe is called in Northumbreland an Eldin / in Cambridgeshyre a Butterbur / in Duch Pestilētz wurtz The vertues of Petasites BUtterbur is good as Dioscorides writeth for fretyng sores suche as ar extremely harde to he le / if it be beten and layd to after the maner of an emplaster The later writer and namely Hieronymus Tragus write that the root of thys herbe is good agaynst the pestilence They gyue a litle of the pouder of thys herbes roote in wyne to the pacient / about the quantite of a dram / and prouoke hym to sweate there with / which thyng it doth very myghtely They vse the same roote beatē into pouder agaynst the stranglyng of the mother They gyue it also both to men and beastes for wormes / to weomen that ar vexed with the vprysyng of the mother / and to any that ar shortwynded The herbe is without all dout hote and dry muche aboue the second degre Matthiolus without all reson or sufficient profe reproueth Ruellius and Fuchsius in the settingfurth of thys herbe / worthy more to be reproued hym self for so vnworthely reprouyng of them Amatus Lusitanus the ape of Matthiolus writeth much more vnlearnedly and more lyingly then Matthiolus doth For he writeth thus We can not tell what Petasites is / if it be not a kynde
ar dryed may serue be profitables as dryed figges be Men say that of all plūmes they ar the best which grow in a city of Syria called Damascus They gyue the secōd prayse to thē that cum out of Spayne But these shew out no byndyng But som of the Damascenus bynde very muche They ar the best amōg thē / that ar great / with a mesurably byndyng and ar louse But they that ar litle ones / and harde and harrish tarte / ar sterk noughts Whether ye wold eat them / or louse the belly with them / which lousyng of the belly foloweth them / that com out of Spayn If plumbes be soddē in honied water / wher in is a greater dele of hony / they louse the belly muche / allthough a man take them by them selues alone And that do they muche more if a mā sup mede or honyed water after them It is playn that it helpeth much to the lousyng of the belly / after that ye haue taken them to drynke swete wyne to them / and to let a certayn tyme go betwene / and not by and by after to go to dinner And ye must remembre that thys maner must be kept in all other such lyke as ar taken to soften the belly Out of Plini lib. 23. cap. 7. SYluestrium prunorum baccae c. the berryes of the wilde Prunus or plumtre / or the bark of the roote / if they be soddē in tart byndyng wyne / so that of x. vnces / thre remayn / stopp the belly and the gnawyng there of / it is inough to take one cyate that is an vnce and an half / and a dram one scruple of the brothe at one tyme. Hyther to Plini / of whose wordes it is playn that Cornarius erreth in denying the sloes to be the fruyte of the wild Plumtre For if that only great plumes had growen vpon prunum syluestrem / as Cornarius semeth to meane / Plini wold neuer haue called the plumbes of Pruni syluestris baccas / that is berries / which worde agreeth not vnto so great fruites as the great bullesses ar Out of the Arabianes THe plumes bothe the white blake when they ar rype they ar colde and moyste / they swage the heat of choler they louse the belly They hurt somthyng the mouth of the stomack and take away a mannis appetite Of Psillium or fleasede out of Dioscorides Psyllium PSylliū hath a lefe lyke vnto the herbe Iue / called coronopus / roughe lōger / it hath boughes a span lōg The hole herbe is full of twygges / lyke hay Hys busshy leues and branches / begin from the myd stalk vpwarde / It hath two or thre litle hedes drawen together in the top Where in is an harde blak sede / lyke vnto a slea It groweth in feldes and vntilled groundes Thus far Dioscorides Allthoughe I haue sene thys her be oft in Germany and in Englād / yet I neuer saw it grow wylde but onli in gardines But hither to I could neuer learn the Englishe or Duc◠name of it It may be well called fleasede or fleawurt / because the sede is very lyke vnto a fle The vertues of flesede out of Dioscorides THe nature of the fle sed is to coole If it be layd to with rose oyl / vinegre or water / it healeth the ach of the ioyntes / the swellyng about the eares / hard and soft swellynges both / and places out of ioynt / and it swageth the hed ach Fleasede layd to with vinegre healeth the burstyng of chylder / the goyng out of the nauil / ye must take about two vnces and an half of the sede / and bruse it and stepe it / and lay it in two quarte of water / and when the water is thick / then lay it on It cooleth excedyngly But if it be cast in to hote water / then will it stanche the heat very well It is good for the burnyng heat called saynt Antonies fyre / and hote cholerik inflammationes Som hold that if the herbe be brought in to the howse / it will let no flees brede there / the sede brused with grese / scoureth stingkyng greuous sores The iuice of it is good with hony for the rynnyng of the eares agaynst wormes ther in Out of the Arabianes PSyllium swageth the gwawynges and prickynges of the belly / and it swageth the sharpnes or rawnes of the goumes It taketh also away the vayn desyre of goyng to the stool It is good for the hed ach that commeth of hete The iuice of the leues softeneth the belly by the reson of coldnes and moysture that ar in it The harm that may com by the takyng of Psyllium / is remedied with hote medicines Psyllium lowseth the belly taken in raw But if it be perched or tosted at the fyre / it stoppeth the belly / two drammes of the sede of Psylliū is inoughe to be put in water when it hath bene long inoughe in the water / take the water put white sugar vnto it / and so receyue it / let all men take hede that they take not to muche of it / for it wil kill a man as well as many other poysones do Galene writeth that Psyllium is colde in the second degre / that it is in a mean tempre betwene moyste dry Of the herbe called Ptarmica PTarmica as Dioscorides writeth is a small bushlyng / and hath many small rounde twigges not vnlyke vnto sothernwod / and about them grow leues lyke olyue leues / long many / and in the top a hede lyke vnto camomyle / rounde and litle / which with hys smel stereth a man to neese / where vpon it hath the name It groweth in mountaynes rocky places Hytherto Dioscorides Diuerse learned men holde that the herbe which is called in Duche Wilder bertram / is Ptarmica in Dioscorides / whose diligence iudgement ar rather to be cōmended / then dispraysed Allthough ther be two thynges in the description of Ptarmica / which can not be well found in Wilder bertram The one is a lefe lyke an oliue / the other is to grow in mountaynes and rockie places For the wilde bertram hath not a lefe like an oliue / but much sharper / smaller / longer / for the bygner that it hath / they ar also indented all about the edges of the lefe / therfore is it vnlyke vnto the lefe of an oliue And Wylde bertram / groweth wheresoeuer I haue sene it / only about water sydes / in merrily medowes / and neuer that I could se / in rockes mountaynes / wherefore I dare not geue sentence with that fore named learned men / that the Wildbertram / is that ryght Ptarmica of Dioscorides / allthough it differ very litle or nothing at all / from the right Ptarmica / in workyng / and so litle that a man may well vse the one in the stede of the
other Ptarmica The vertues of Ptarmica THe leues of Ptarmica layd to with the fruite / haue a propertie to dryue away swellynges and old hard lumpes / and to purge brused places The floures make one neese excedingly Galene writeth that Ptarmica beyng grene is hote and drye in the second degre / and when it is dryed / that it is hote and dry in the thyrde degre Of Penny ryall PVlegium is named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / in English Penny ryall or puddyng grasse / in Duche Polez / in Frenche Pouliot Dioscorides describeth not Penny ryall where as he intreateth of it / but he describyng dictamnum / maketh it to haue leues lyke vnto Penny ryall / but greater Then when as dictamnus is well knowen to haue round leues / so must also Pulegium haue It crepeth much vpon the ground and hath many lytle round leues / not vnlyke vnto the leues of merierum gentil / but that they ar a litle longer and sharper / and also litle indented rounde about / and grener / then the leues of merierum ar The leues grow in litle branches / euen from the roote / out of Pulegium certayn ioyntes / by equall spaces one deuyded from an other Where as the leues grow in litle tuftes vpon the ouer partes of the braunches / if the lower partes touch the groūd / righte ouer agaynst the tuftes of the leues they take rootes in the grounde / and grow as well as the first rootes do our comon Penny ryall hath purple floures / but there is an other kynde mentioned in Pliny / whych hath a white flour / which he calleth the male / as he called the comon one the female Penny ryall groweth much with out any settyng besyd hundsley vpon the heth / beside a watery place It groweth also much wylde in Germany in such pooles as ar full of water in wynter / ar al or for the moste parte dryed vp in sommer The vertues of Penny ryall out of Dioscorides PEnny ryall maketh subtil / heateth maketh ripe When it is dronkē / it draweth furth floures / secondes / and the birthe Pēny ryall dronken with hony and salt / bryngeth furth such thynges as ar about the lunges And it is good for the cramp If it be dronken with vinegre and water / it swageth the lothsomnes / and the bytyng of the stomack It bryngeth furth Melancholi throughe the belly If it be dronken with wyne / it is good for the bytyng of venemus bestes It refressheth them that swowne / if it be layd to the nose with vinegre If it be dryed and broken into pouder burnt / it streyngtheneth the goumes it is good for the gout / layd to by it self / vntill the skin wex red The brothe of it / taketh away ach / if the place that acheth be wasshed with it It is good for the wyndynes / hardnes / and the turnyng or rysyng vp of the mother / if the patient sit in the brothe of it Out of Pliny PEnny ryall droweth furth dede chylder / it is good for the fallyng siknes geuen in the measur of and vnce and an half / in vinegre If thow must nedes drynk vnholsum water / then put Penny ryall in to it The floures of the grene herbe set a fyre / kylleth flees with the smell of it Out of the Arabianes PEnny ryall that groweth about watery places / is hote and dry in the thyrde degre / because it is made of a fyrie substance with som burnt erthly part And that doth the sharpnes of it shew with a litle bitternes The second workynges of it ar to dissolue / to make subtil / and to drye The thyrd ar to prouoke water Som holde that it is good agaynst the lepre and for them that ar bitten of venummes bestes / chefely / if it be layd vpon the bytynges And it killeth also wormes / which brede in the eares And it of the mountayn / is stronger and better then the other Of Pyrethro out of Dioscorides Pyrethrum PYrethrum is an herbe whiche hath a stalk leues like vnto fenell or wilde daucus / and a shaddowy or spokye top with a roūd circle / as dyll The roote is as great as a mannis thumb It is excedyng hote draweth out waterish fleme Thus far Dioscorides / Nether it that Fuchsius Matthiolus set furth / for Pyrethro / nether it that is comenly sold for Pyrethro / agreeth hole with the descriptiō of Dioscorides For it that they set out / as theyr figures shew / hath only a top and floures lyke to camomyle / and no spoky top like dyl And nether the rout of theyr herbe / nether of it that is comonly solde is so byg as a mannis thumb Therefore the other new kynde of pylletori / refused of Matthiolus / for hys great excedyng heat / lyketh me better / if it haue leues other partes agreyng with the rest of the description / then theyr Pyrethrū doth What meruel is it if the lately found Pyrethrum be very hote / whē as Galene geueth a blysteryng and burnyng nature vnto Pyrethro And Dioscorides writeth that the root of it is feruidissima / that is moste hote or burnyng Therfore I se no cause why that Matthiolus shuld refuse it / for the great heates sake / other markes and properties beyng present And therefore I wisshe that we myght haue the other Pyrethrum For it agreeth better with the description of Dioscorides / as far as I haue heard or red of it / then comon pilletori doth The vertues of Pyrethro out of Dioscorides PYlletoris is good for the tuth ach if the tuth be wasshed with vinegre where in it is sodden It bryngeth furth waterish fleme if it be chowed If the body be therewith anoynted with oyle / it stereth a man to swete It is good for long cold shakyng It is excellently good for any parte of the body that is fundied or foundered or made allmost num / with to much colde / and such as ar stycken with the palsey Of diuerse kyndes of Pear trees and Peares PYrum is named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / in English a Peare / in Duche in Byr / in Frenche vn Poyre Dioscorides writeth of two kindes of Pear trees of the ortiard Peartre / which is comenly called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / and of the wyld Pere tre or chouke Pere tre / or worry Pear tre / whych is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Pyrus syluestris / or Pyraster Bothe these kyndes / ar so well knowen that they nede no description We haue many kyndes of gardin Peares with vs in Englande / and som kyndes better then euer I saw in Germany for holsomnes / and som in Germany more pleasant and greater then euer I saw in Englād I haue red in no old writer so many kyndes of peares / as I rede of in
diuerse places of the West countrey / where as it is called Cassidonia or spanish lauandar / and about London it is called Frenche lauander The vertues of Cassidonia oute of Dioscorides THe broth of stichados / as the broth of hysope / is profitable and good for the diseases of the breste It is also good to be menged wyth triacles preseruatiues It deliuereth from stoppinge It maketh fyne / scoureth and streyngtheneth all the bowelles or inwarde partes / and the hole bodye / and the hole complexion They that are disposed to know more of the nature of stichados / let them rede Mesue de simplicibus / ther they shal fynd inough Of Comfrey DIoscorides maketh two kindes of symphytum / wherof the former kinde is called symphiton petreon / and hereof I intend not to write / because it groweth not in England that I know of The other kinde is called symphyton alterum / in Duche swartzwurtzel / in Englishe comfrey / of the comon herbaries consolida magna Thys hath a stalke two cubites hygh or hygher / smoth / thicke / full of corners / holow empty as the stalk of sowthistel is / about the which stalke / are rough leaues great spaces goyng betwen narrow / long / and drawyng nere vnto the likenes of winter borrage The stalke also hath certayn appearinges out of thynne leaues / clening about the corners stretched furth from the holow settinge on of euery leafe The floures are yelow / the sede is about the stalk as molleu sede is The hole stalke and leaues haue a litle sharp horynes / whych when it is touched / make a man iche or yuke The rootes are wythoute black / whyte wythin / clammy / and they are also profitable and muche to be vsed Symphytum THE rootes are good if they be broken and dronken for them that spitte bloode / and are bursten The same layd to / are good to glewe together freshe woundes They are also good to be layd to inflammationes / and specially of the fundament wyth the leaues of groundsell Of the Vghe tre TAxus is called in Greke smilax / in Duche eibenholtz / in English Vghe The Vghe tre is of the bignes of a fyre tre / and hath leaues lyke vnto the same It groweth in Italy and in Narbone of France / whyche is nexte vnto Spayn The byrdes that eat the berries of the Italian Vghe / are made black and men that eate the same / are cast into a flixe The Vghe of Narbone is so full of poyson / that if any shepe nuder it / or sit vnder the shaddow of it / are hurt / ofte tymes dye Wherefore I haue written these wordes of the Vghe tre / that men should beware of it Thus far Dioscorides Virgil also in hys Egloges signifieth that the Vghe tre is full of poyson wher as he writeth thys verse Sic tua cyrneas fugiant examina taxus Galene also writeth that the Vgh tre is of a poysoned nature Of the Turpentine tre TErebinthus is named in Greke Terminthos / I haue not sene the tre in England / and therfore I haue heard no name of it but lesse it shuld be without a name / I call it Turpentine tre / because Turpentine cometh oute of it I haue sene both the leaues and berries of turpentine / whych grow in Italy / but I haue not sene the tre it selfe Because Dioscorides describeth not Terebinthum / and Theophrast describeth it at large I will translate vnto you the description of the turpentin tre out of Theophrast Of Turpentine trees one is the male / an other is the female The male is barun / of the females one bringeth furth fruyte by by rede of the bignes of a lentill / whych can not be made ripe / the other bringeth furth a grene one / dieth after rede / maketh it at the last black / when as it waxeth rype / wyth the grape / it is of the bignes of a beane full of rosin / brimstony The tymbre of the turpentine tre is tough / the rootes are mighty in the ground thys tre is taken hole to be vncorrupt It hath a floure like vnto the oliue tre / but of a rede color The leaues are for the most parte all about one litle stalke / lyke vnto bay leaues / growyng by payres together one agaynst an other / as the sorbapple tre leaues grow / it that is in the outermost ende of the payres of leaues / is od / but the leaues are not so cornered / as the sorb tre is / and in the goyng about / they are more lyke vnto the bay tre leafe / then the sorb tre leafe The vertues of the Turpentine tre and of the Turpentine The leaues / the fruyte / the bark of the turpentine tre / haue a bindinge poure / are good for all thinges that the mastik tre is good for / they are prepared after the same maner / are taken after the same maner Som eat the fruyte / but it is euel for the stomack / maketh a man pisse well / heateth / doth very much stir a man to the procreation of childer If it be dronken with wyne / it is good for the biting of the feld speder The rosin or turpentin that coÌ„meth out of it / is brought from Arabia Petrea It groweth also in Iewry / Cyprus / in Africa in Ciclad ylandes / which is better then all the rest / is clere / thorow feable / whyte / like a glasse blewish gray / well smelling / and resembling in smell the turpeÌ„tine tre Amongest all rosines / that rosin called turpentine / is principal / mastick deserueth the second place The rosin of the pyne tre foloweth mastik in goodnes / after the which folow the rosines of the rede firre tre / of it that is called strobylus som take strobilus for a tre / other as Galene / take it for the pyne apple But euerye rosin softeneth / heateth / poureth abrode / scoureth / is good in electuaries by it selfe / or with honye for coughes It scoureth also away it that sticketh in the breste It stereth a man also to make water / maketh rype / softeneth the belly / it is good for lepres / wyth vert gresse / coperus / naturall salpeter With honye and oyle it is good for matter rinninge oute of the eares / and agaynst the itche of the priuye paâ—tes If it be layd to by it selfe / it is good for the ache in the syde Of Adders grasse and other of that kindes Orchis mas angustifolia Orchis foemina angustifolia Triorchis mas minor Orchidis alia species TEsticulus is called in Greke orchis / cynosorchis it hath the leaues sprede by the ground / about the stalk and the bottom / much lyke vnto a soft olyue leafe / but narrower and
smother / and longer The stalk is a span long / wherin are purple floures / and a knobby root / somwhat lōge / two growyng together / narrow lyke an oliue berry / the one aboue / and the other beneth / and the one of them is full / and the other soft / and full of wrinkelles There are diuers kindes of orchis / which are called in Latin testiculus / that is a stone One kinde of them hath many spottes in the leafe / and is called adder grasse in Northūberland the other kindes ar in other coūtrees called fox stones or hear stones / they may after the Greke be called dogstones Of the vertues of Adder grasse THe roote of it / when it is sodden inough / is eatable as bulbus is / they write of thys herbe / that if the greater roote be eaten of men / it maketh men chyldren / and if the roote be eaten of weomen / it maketh weomen childer And moreouer / this is also tolde of it / that the weomen of Thessalia geue it wyth gotes milk / to prouoke the pleasure of the body / whylse it is tender / but they geue the drye one / to hinder and stop the pleasure of the bodye And it groweth in stony places and in sandy groundes There is an other kinde whych is called Serapias / as Andreas sayth for the manyfolde vse of the root / it hath leaues lyke vnto a leke / long / but broder and fat / bowynge inward about the setting on of the leaues / and litle stalkes a span hygh / and floures somthyng purple there is a roote in vnder lyke vnto stones The vertue of the second kinde of Testiculus Thys layd to / hath the propertye of dryuing awaye swellinge and scouring of sores / and to stay running tetters It putteth awaye fistules / and if it be layd to / it swageth places that are inflamed set afyre The same drye / stoppeth eating sores / and rottē sores / and it healeth the greuous sores that are in the mouth It stoppeth also the bellye / if it be dronken wyth wyne Men geue all the properties vnto thys / that are geuen vnto the former kindes Of triacle mustarde called Thlaspi THlaspi is a litle herbe wyth strayte leaues / a fingre long / turned toward the ground / aboute the edge iagged / and somthynge fat It hath a smal stalke / of the hyght of two spannes / whych hath a few furth growynges and about the hole / the fruyt is somthyng brode from the top / wherein is sede lyke vnto cresses / of the figure of a disshe or coyte as it were thyrst together / after the turnyng of Cornarius broken of / wherevpon it hath the name It hath a floure somthynge whyte / and it groweth in wayes and about hedges / after the translation of Ruellius / whych is nerer the Greke Thlaspi is named in Latine thlaspium / in Duche baurensenff / it may be named in English triacle mustard / boures mustard / or dishe mustarde It groweth much in the corne both in England and in Almany / Thlaspi and I haue sene it besyde Wormes growyng besyde diches / and at Frrancfort about the walles of the cytie / in England in moste plentye aboute Sion In London it groweth in maister Riches gardin / and maister Morgaines also / and in maister Hambridges gardin in Summersedshyre as I remembre The vertues of triacle mustard THe sede of it is sharp / or biting / and heateth / and it purgeth choler vpwarde and dounwarde / if it be dronken in the quantite of two vnces and an half It is also good to be put in by a clister / for the disease of the sciatica Taken in drink / it driueth also blood / and it breaketh inwarde impostemes / and bringeth doun to weomen theyr floures / and it is euell for weomē whych are wyth chylde Out of Galene The Thlaspi that is brought out of Candy / and groweth there / is betwene redish yelow / and pale yelow / in figure rounde / so litle som tyme that it is lesse then the corne of millet The Thlaspi that cometh out of Cappadocia / is toward blacknes / and the sede is not fully rounde / and it is muche greater then the forenamed is / and vpon one syde it hath a litle thyng / like as it wer a brusinge in / where vpon it hath the name That is rekened to be the beste groweth in saurot / and it is nether lyke it that groweth in Candy / nor it the groweth commonly in other places These wordes hath Galene written of Thlaspi Matthiolus compleyneth that the thlaspi in Italy hath no indenting about / but in Englande we haue no suche cause For it hath litle cuttinges or iaggynges about the edges of the leaues / and speciallye of them that are next vnto the roote And as touchyng the sede / I could neuer fynde it in any place as yet flat / but euer round and rede / and it that is written of the breakynge of it / and of the form of a dishe / after my iudgement ought rather to be vnderstanded of the sede vesselles / then of the sede it selfe For the sede vessell bringe hole / hath the form of a dishe / and the same a litle brused / is broken into two partes as into two halff disshes Let euery man folowe it that he fyndeth to be moste true / both by reason and by experience / in this mater Of the Linden tre Tilia TIlia is named in Greke philyra / in Duche ein Linden baume / in English a Lind tre It groweth very plentuously in Essekes in a parke within two mile from Colichester / in the possession of one maister Bogges / it is also very comon in high Germany / it groweth so far abrode ther / that men set tables aboue in it / whereof som are so long that ten men maye sit well at one table / and yet roume remaynyng inough for many other besyde the table The description of tilia out of Theophrast Ther is one kind of tilia that is the male / and an other that is the femal They differ in tember / in all the fasshon of theyr bodies / because that the one of them beareth fruyt / and the other is barren / the timber of the male is harde and yelow / fuller of knottes and fuller of prickes / the tymber of the female is whyter / the male hath a thicker barck / and when it is drawen of / it is not bowyng by reason of the hardnes The barck of the female is more whyte and more bowyng / and therof they make cradelles The bark of the female is better smelling / the male is barren and hath no floures the female bringeth furth both fruyt and floures The floure is couered wyth a litle couering The fruyt is long / rounde of the bygnes of a great pease lyke vnto the berrye of an
of it be eaten with the yolke of an egge / it worketh the same effect / and the pouder doth the same thinge wounderfullye receyued in wyne And there are credit worthy witnesses aliue / as yet that haue tryed this in them selues / which could not rede without spectacles and afterward red a small text without spectacles If the wine be to stronge / tempre it with fenel water or with sugar / Thus Arnoldus in his boke of wines Tragus writeth that he hath proued that it is good for the iaundes / and I gather by the bitternes and heat that it hath measurable / that it is good against all diseases that come of the stopping of the milt or liuer / or any other parte / and that it is good to cut in peces tough fleme and other grosse humores Of Filipendula Oenanthe FIlipendula is named in Englishe also Filipendula / that is hanging by a threde / for the knobbye rootes hange by small thinges lyke thredes It is called in Duche Rotten steinbrech It is somthinge lyke vnto Burnet / but the leaues are lesse / and it resembleth also the greater kinde of Yarrow / but the leaues are greater / the rootes are manye litle knobbes like longe nuttes / hanginge vpon small thinges like thredes The stalke is longe and smalle / the floures are whyte and of a pleasant smell / not vnlyke vnto the floures of Medowurt The vertues of Filipendula FIlipendula dryueth furth water / and is good for the strangurion / and for the stone in the kidneis / and the ache therein The same as the later writers hold / driueth awaye the windines of the stomach / and that it is good for them that are shortwinded / and for al diseases that rise of cold Some hold also that the pouder of the rotes is good for the falling sicknes Of the herbe called Galega GAlega is named in Italian about Ferraria also Regalicum / in other places Ruta capraria It groweth in great plentye aboute Ferraria about the banke of the noble flood Padus It groweth high vp with leaues like Licores Galega siue Ruta capraria The vertues THE newe writers do hold that Galega is good against the pestilence and against all venome and poyson / and bitinge or prickinge of venemous beastes The iuyce of the herbe hath the same vertue / and it is good to be layde emplasterwyse vpon the same wounded and hurt places Some write that an vnce and a halfe of it is good to be geuen for them that haue the falling sicknes I neuer sawe this herbe growinge in anye place but in gardines / sauinge onlye in Italye Of Gratiola Gratiola I Haue not sene Gratiolam growing in England / sauing two rootes or thre that I set out of Brabant / gaue vnto maister Riche and maister Morgan Apotecaries of London Wherefore I knowe no Englishe name for it But it maye be called herbe Gratius / or horse werye / or werye horse / because when it is eaten of horses / it fainteth them and maketh them wery / for the which cause it is called in Italiā Stanka cauallo The herbe groweth in moyst grondes / as about Wormes in the close that is hard by the water side beyond the bridge / where as my seruantes gathered an hole wallat ful at one tyme. The herbe is somtyme two spannes longe in Germanye when it groweth by water sydes The leaues are not lyke the leaues of hisope as Matthiolus writeth / but much bigger and longer / and of an other coloure that is more whytish grene / and not so blackishe grene as hisope is About the edges of the leaues stand out litle certaine thinges like teth / namely about the endes of the leaues / the floures grow out of a long fote stalke / in figure long / in colour whitish / with some pece purplish / within a litle yelowish The leaues growe wing-wise by coples one against an other The rotes of it that groweth in Germany / are not like it that Matthiolus setteth furth / for they are more creping in the ground along / and out of these creping rootes springe out many litle stalkes / ye maye cut the crepinge roote into manye peces / and euery one of them wil growe and bring furth stalkes / leaues and floures The hole herbe is verye bitter The vertues and complexion of the Diet woode THis herbe is good for a dropsey / for it purgeth water fleme and choler strongly / for two scruples will purge a metely strong body The herbe brused and layd to a wound as Matthiolus writeth / healeth it verye quickely and spedely Of the wodde called Guiacum GViacum is otherwise called Lignum sanctum that is holy wode Some call it the Diet woode / because they that kepe a Diet for the Frenche poxe / or anye other disease hardly curable / most commonlye drinke the broth of this woode It groweth not in Europa but in Inde and in Taprobana and Iaua / and in diuerse Ilandes of Inde The lerned men as Manardus and other of oure tyme / make thre sortes of the Diet woode The first kinde is verye bigge / and in the middes / in the in most parte it appereth blacke / and wtoute it is pale or reddishe The seconde kinde is muche lesse / and the blacke within muche lesse The thirde kinde whiche is properlye called the holye woode / is lesse then all the other / and it is white both within and withoute / and this is more smellinge and bitinge then the other These thre sortes are not thre diuerse trees in kinde / but all one kinde of tree / but they differ in partes and age The great massy part with so much blacke / is the bole or bodye of the tre The seconde kinde are the bigger braunches the third kind is ether a yong tre / or the small bonghes of the old tre The best is it that is al whyte / so that it be freshe and not iuyceles and wythered The seconde beneth that in goodnes is it that is lesse / and hath lesse black then the greatest The vilest of all thre is that / which is greatest of al the other / and hath most black in it The best barcke is that which is taken of the best wode Guiacum is set oute of diuerse places / as oute of Callecute / Iaua the learned sorte holde that it is beste that commeth out of East Inde / because it is hote of subtile partes / and hath muche rosin in it The vertues of Gratiola or herbe Gratius GViacum dryeth vp / maketh fyne and subtil / melteth or resolueth / scoureth away / and prouoketh sweat / and by the reason of his rosin / withstandeth putrefaction or rottennes of humores in the bodye It is knowen that the broth of Guiacum is good for the French poxe / for the gout that is not depely rooted / for the diseases of the milt and liuer It is good for
/ because it is like thrist that groweth on the houses / which is a kinde of ayegrene / when it commeth firste out of the grounde I remember nowe that one English man called this herbe Eestrige It hath a rede stalke / and those thinges that answere / for the leaues are like vnto whete / but manye partes longer and round / in taste saltishe / and in color grene The stalke of it is ful of ioyntes / and not one far from another The older that the herbe is / the longer are the leaues / at the lenght growe oute rounde knoppes / wherein are verye smal sedes / whiche the Larkes in East Freselande eate in winter KALY The vertues of Kaly I Haue red no vertue that Kaly hath in Phisik / but they that make glasse vse the ashes of it to make glasses of / and of the broth of it is made a salt / called Salt a kali Of the two kindes of Lauander LAuander is not written of / by name in anye old writer / but in my iudgement it is a kinde of Stichados / and therfore I maruel muche at Fuchsius and Matthiolus / wherof the one writeth that it is Spica Germanica and the other that it is Spica Italica when as it differeth vtterly in likenes from all the kindes of spica / that anye auncient author maketh mention of Therefore it shal be better ether to call it thinne or longe Stichas / or after the commō herbaries Lauandulam or Lauendulam then Spicam Germanicā Anglicā Gallicam Scoticam Hispanicam or Danicam although it grow in al these cōtreys Lauendula Lauendula minor For an herbe hauinge in the toppe like an eare of corne / called in Latine Spicam ought not te be called streight waye / therefore when it groweth in Germanye Spica germanica nether where it groweth in Italye Spica Italica nether Spica in anye spece / because the Barbarus writers cal it Spicam Ther are two kindes of Lauander / one kinde onlye called Lauander / and this is the lesse kinde / and the greater and fayrer kinde is called Lauander spyke Learned men do iudge not withoute a cause / that it was first called Lauēda Lauanda or Lauendula a Lauande / of washinge / because wyse men founde by experience that it was good to washe mennis heades with / which had anye deceses there in / or weiknes that come of a colde cause These two kindes of Lauander are so well knowen in all countrees that I haue bene in / that I thinke that it were but lost labor to describe them that are so well knowen all redy / therfore I wil procede to the vertues of them The vertues of Lauander or Lauander spyke BOth these kindes of Lauander as some of the Italianes do write / are hote and drye fully in the seconde degre / and in the beginninge of the third But I do not iudge by experience and by learninge / that they are perfitly hote in the third degre / whiche they partely themselues do graunt when they say / Olio de spigo odoris adeò acerrimi est vt caetera odoramenta superet Wherfore it can not be true that the two kindes of Lauander do not differ muche in strength from al the kindes of Spikenard / namely when as beside this / alleged Galene in the eight boke of Simple medicines / graunteth that Spikenard is hote only in the first degre / and drye in the second fullye They grant also that these kindes of Lauander are good for al diseases of the brayne that come of a colde cause / also for crampes and palsyes that they strengthen the stomache / and open the liuer that is stopped / and the stopped milt also / bring doune floures and secondes / whiche properties rather belonge vnto Stechas then vnto anye kinde of Spiknarde / which ye shall wel se if ye nede the properties of Stechas / and of the kindes of Nardus / and compare thē both together Wherefore it ought not by and by to be receyued as the aunswere of Apollo / whatsoeuer the Italianes and other countrey men do write / except it can be proued by autorite or good reson The Germanes do write that the floures of Lauander sodden in wine and dronken / do make one auoyde water well The same as they write dronken thre or foure dayes together / bringe doune floures and secondes / they dryue wind away / and are good for the iaundes The floures of Lauander taken with Cinnamum cloues / Mace graynes / Cubebes / and the leaues of Rosemarye / do not only helpe the aboue named diseases more strongly / but also further helpe the palsey / and the tothe ache The water of both the Lauanders is good to washe the akinge heade with / if the cause be colde / and so it helpeth the dusines of the head The broth of the floures of both the kindes / and the water also / are good for membres that are num or taken / if they be oft bathed and washed therewith I iudge that the floures of Lauander quilted in a cappe and daylye worne / are good for all diseases of the head that come of a colde cause / and that they comforte the brayne verye well / namelye if it haue anye distemperature that commeth of cold an moystenes Of Nutmegges and Mace THE mace groweth aboute the Nutmegge / and is the floure / and at the firste it is sprede abroade like a wild rose wyth fyue leaues / and the nutte appereth in the middes / and afterwarde closeth it selfe roundabout the Nutmegge The Nutmegges growe in great plentye in an Iland of Inde / called Badon / The trees haue leaues like peche leaues / but shorter and narrower The herbe Nutmegge is inclosed in an hard shelle as a hasel nutte is And the same haue I sene verye well cūdited in sugar / it was condited whilse it was grene / as yonge walnuttes are condited hole before the shelles waye hard / and they are verye pleasant in eatinge and comfortable for the stomache The Nutmegge is called in Barbarous Latine Nux muscata in Latine Nux myristica and of some in Greke Moscocarydion or Mescoryon The vertues of Nutmegges and Mace THE best Nutmegges are rede / fat heuy / the worst are light black drye / The Nutmegges are hote dry in the end of the second degre but some hold that they are hote in the third degre / but not perfitly The Nutmegge stoppeth the bellye / and maketh ones breth sauour wel / and taketh awaye fumes of the stomache It digesteth meat / driueth winde awaye and comforteth the stomache and the liuer / and is good for the frekles in the face and the ringworme It minisheth the greatnes of the milt / and softeneth the impostemes of the liuer It is also good for the cold diseases of the mother The Arabianes hold that Nutmegges and Cloues be of one nature / but I hold that the Cloues
Sparta perilla that they geue vnto Guaico and to the rote chine Of Sanicle Saniculae SAnicle is muche lyke vnto Cinkefoly or fiueleued grasse / or vnto the leafe of a vyne / but it is more depely indented in fyue places / the leafe of it is muche lyke vnto some kindes of Kingcuppe / the rote is blacke without and whyte within / full of litle smalle tasselles like thredes comminge oute of them / the stalke is verye smalle lyke vnto a rishe / sometyme a cubite longe In the toppe of it growe manye litle floures / they departe awaye and leue behinde them pretye litle knoppes like litle burres The roote with the rest of the herbe is astringent / and somethinge bitter It groweth commonlye in colde and shadoish woddes and hedges The vertues of Sanicle THe leues or rote of Sanicle sodden in mede dronkē / scoureth away the diseases of the lunges / if it be soddē in water or wine dronkē / it is good for inward burstinges wondes if it be dressed after the same maner / it is good for them that spit blood / for the ache of the backe / for the gnawing of the belly / it stoppeth both the running out of blood of man or woman / men vse to put this herb comonly with other inward wonde herbes It is good for al maner of burstinges / layd to after the maner of an emplaster / some hold that it hath such a mightye pore in ioyning fleshe together / that if it be sodden with fleshe it will make the fleshe growe together in the potte whiles it is in sethinge Of Sanders SAnders are kindes of woode / there are thre kindes / the whyte / the red / and the yelowe / the yelowe is best smellinge / nexte vnto that is the whyte / and last of all is the red / and the yelow in my iudgement is hotest / and nexte vnto him is the whyte / and of the third the red is the coldest I do not agre with the Arabianes which holde that all the Sanders are colde / seynge that the yelow are at the lest hote in the first degre / and the whyte is temperate / and the read scarcely can be proued to be fully colde in the second degre It is proued by often experience that all the thre kindes are very good and profitable for mans principal partes / and that the yelowe are good for the trimblinge of the harte Rede sanders hinder the flowinge of humores to the partes of the bodye / and strenghthen the gummes and stomach Al kindes of Sanders are good for the trimbling of the hart ioyned with an ague / and the speciallye when they are layd vpon the hart Rede sanders are good to be menged with colde herbes both for the goute and for the head ache of an hote cause / and they stoppe humores that flowe into the eyes Sanders / namelye rede / are good to be brused and put into rose water / and to foment there with any place diseased with heate / and namelye the liuer Sanders are good against itchinge / if the place be bathed with the water that they are sodden in Of Saxifrage THE later writers call manye herbes Saxifrages / and especiallye suche as breke the stone / for so doth this worde Saxifrage signifie In Englande there is a wilde kinde of Daucus with longe smal leaues / whiche groweth commonlye in ranke medowes / that oure Countremen call Saxifrage Aboute Colon there groweth in sandye groundes not far from the Rhene syde a kinde of Saxifrage / whiche groweth verye thicke and crepeth by the grounde in fashion and forme lyke vnto Tyme the Coloners call it Klein steinbrech / and I name it in English Tyme saxifrage I haue sene of this kinde growinge in Essexe by the Seasyde There is an other in Germanye called weiss Steinbrech This hath round leaues / and is indented very litle / I mighte compare it to Yuie / if it had a sharpe pointe comminge oute of the middes / the stalke is small / and whyte floures growe in the toppes / the rote is full of litle knoppes lyke pearles It groweth verye commonlye in Germanye and in diuerse places of England to / Fuchsius maketh the common Melilote Saxifragiam luteam / that is yelow steinbrech Saxifragia alba The vertues of Saxifrage THE name of Saxifrage teacheth the vertues of all the kindes thereof / and declare the vertues of thē The white Saxifrage with the indented leafe is moste commended for the breakinge of the stone / for if the leaues and rootes be sodden in wine / they make a man make water / and purge the kidneis and driue out the stone both of the bladder and kidneys / if it be not confirmed into muche hardnes before The newe writers holde also that if the rotes be beaten into pouder / and made after the maner of an electuary and receyued / is good for the same purpose Some of them hold also / that if in the moneth of May the herbe be distilled in a duble vessel after the maner of alcumistry / that the water thereof after a man hath sitten in a warme bath dronken / hath the same propertye to breake the stone Of the herbe called Scabius SCabiosa is named in English Scabius / and there are diuerse kindes of Scabius / wherofsome are more some are lesse / most commonly according vnto the nature of the grounde where as they growe it that groweth amongest the corne / is rākest of al other And this is the token whereby Scabius is knowen from the deuils byte / and diuerse other lyke herbes vnto it / that if ye breake the leafe insunder / ther will come out small sinewes like smalle here 's whiche will not suffer the one halfe of the leafe to be pulled insunder one from an other to fall awaye to the ground of a longe tyme. All the leaues of euerye kinde of Scabius are indented or iagged / and haue blewe floures in the vppermoste of the stalke Scabiosa The vertues of Scabius SCabius which hath the name of Scabbes / is good against scabbes and breking out of the skin / whether it be takē in with the broth wherin it is sodden in / or if the sore places be anointed with the iuyce of it / or with an oyntment made of it It is good for al the diseses of the brest lunges / for it purgeth the lunges brest of all filthy matter It is very good to be layd vpon pestilent sores to ripe thē / to breke them / in so much that if dedly sores be anointed plastered therwith al / in iij. houres as the later writers hold / the same wil vanishe and go away / or ellis at the lest be resolued or made ripe Of the herbe called Sene. Sena THere hath bene a great errour of late yeares amonges many men / whiche haue thought that Sene had bene a tre / which groweth in
vertues They write that they are good to heale olde rinninge sores If one parte of the roote of Tormentil be dronken in rayne water / and an other be brused and layd to the kidneys with vinegre / it wil holde the birth that it fall not before the tyme. Tormentil is good for them that can not hold ther water / if it be taken with the iuyce of Plantayne It will stoppe weomens floures if they sitt in the broth of it vp to the nauell / the rootes wil do the same / if they be smal broken / and knodden together with hony and spicknard / and layd to the lowest part of the bellye The ponder of Tormentil sprincled vpon a wonde / stoppeth the blood that runneth out of it the pouder mingled with the whyte of an egge and fried vpon a tyle stone / and by and by eaten / stoppeth the vomitinge of choler The broth of the rootes is a good remedye for al kindes of poyson / and some hold that if it be stilled in balneo Mariae it will do the same / manye vse to put the roote in medicines that are made against the pestilence The rote of Tormentil is good for the bloodye flixe / and to heale grene wondes that are withoute and within taken in with drinke Of the herbe Trinite THere is an herbe which I haue sene growynge in the alpes and in some gardines in Germany which is called of some writers Trinitaria of other Hepatica nobilis in duch Edel leberkraut It hath thre sharpe pointes on euerye lefe The lefe looketh like vnto a clauer / but that it is hole and not cut to the bottom The leaues grow vpon longe foote stalkes The principal stalkes are longe and smalle / and vpon the toppe of them growe floures / and no where ellis / in white blew When the floures are gone / there ariseth a knop wherein the sedes ar / in color blewish and long / not vnlike vnto the sede of Columbine The vertues of herbe Trinite / or noble Liuerwurte THE later writers hold that this herbe is good for the liuer / and specially for the liuer of new maried yong men / which are desyrous of childer / and that it is good for the prouokinge of Vrine / and for the diseases of the bladder and kidneis / and other diseases of the bladder and kidneis / and other diseases of the inwarde partes The same saye that the water of this herbe is good to dryue fyrye burninges from anye place greued therewith Of Valeriane THere are diuers herbes that are called Valerian / Phu in Dioscorides is called Valeriana magna of the Apothecaries There is an herbe that groweth in watery places besides ditches and riuers / which hath leaues growynge vpon braunches lyke vnto Ashe leaues / and hath a roote full of smal stringes lyke thredes / of a smell not vnpleasant There is an other kinde whiche we call Valerian in Englishe / and it hath a blew floure which is called of some Latine men Valeriana Graeca Phu magnum Phu vulgare The vertues of these herbes OVRE Englishe men vse the Valerian / whiche is called Valeriana Graeca againste cuttes and woundes And the Duche vse there Valeriana to drinke it or to laye it in whyte wine / and to washe the eyes withal / for they saye it is tryed by experience / that it is wounderfullye good both for the kepinge of the eyes and also for the increase of the eyesight Some vse to laye the roote amonges clothes / to make them smell swete But I woulde that it shoulde be menged with other herbes that are good for the plague / and with suche herbes as are good for the openinge of the lyuer and the milt / for it serues well for that purpose Of Fluellin Veronica FLuellin is called in Latin Veronica in Duch Ehrēpreis / it crepeth by the ground and hath small litle iagged leaues / which are not very long nor very broad They grow in order two and two together / some of the leaues bowe inward and beare the likenes of a gutter / one kind which is moste common crepeth by the grounde / and is founde vpon old mold hilles couered with grasse / and aboute tre rootes / in the top of the stalkes are longe eares where in are in whyte blewe floures with a litle scattered here and there When as the floures are gone / there arise litle sede vessels like vnto them of Bursa pastoris The sedes are very smal that are conteined therein The vertues of Fluellin VEronica or Fluellin hath a certaine bitternes in it / and verye muche bindinge or astriction It is wonderfully good both for grene woundes and old also / for scabes / fourfines and all sores / some hold that it is good for the common lepre / which is in dede Clephantia The newe writers hold that it driueth away swellinges / namely such as are in the necke And they saye that it is good for the pestilence and for the stopping of the liuer and milt / and that it is good for lunges that haue the skin of Of the herbe called Virga aurea Virga aurea THE herbe that is called of some Virga aurea is named of other Herba Iudaica and Solidago Saracenica It is named in Duche Heydnisch wundkraut / it may be called in English Golden rod / or Hethnish wountwurte It hath a stalke somthinge hollowe / two cubites longe / which is rede as the rotes are also / the leaues are longe like a Pech or Wylow lefe / but al indented about like a saw There grow yelowe floures in the toppe / which at the length turne into whyte downe I haue marked two kindes herbe / whereof the better is it with the rede stalkes / braunches and rotes / and doth growe in plentye a litle from the cytie of Wysenburge in high Almanye in the syde of an high mountayne / and in diuerse other mountaynes and wildernesses in that countre The other kinde hath a grene stalke and grene braunches / but it differeth nothinge in fashon and figure from the other kinde / but in color and in the place of growynge / for this groweth in manye places besyde the Rhene The vertues of the Golden rod. THE Surgianes of Germanye make of thys herbe wyth other of lyke nature / as are Sanicle / Fluellin / Herbe two pence / and suche other a wounde drinke / whiche they gyue into them that are wounded within / and douteles they do manye great cures there with This herbe is wonderfullye good both for inward and outward woundes They vse this also for fistulas and false and hollowe woundes / crepinge inwarde Arnolde of Newton writeth that this herbe is good to make a man make water / and to breake the stone This herbe stoppeth laxes both in drinke and in clisters The broth of it healeth sores and blisters in the mouth / and it fasteneth and strenghteneth the teth If ye gargle with the
of the milt and lyuer Of the pulse called Lupines LVpinus is named in Greke thermos / in Duche feigbon / in Frēche lupin / and so may it be called in Englishe / or if a man will folow the Duche / he may call it a fyg bene Lupine hath one lōg stalke / and a lefe with v. or seuen iaggers / which altogether / when as they are growen out / haue the lykenes of a ruel of a spor / or of a sterr The floure is whyte / in whose place / when it is gone / commeth after a long cod / wherin are v. or seuen sedes in color whyte and without / somtyme a litle redishe / in fasshon flat lyke a cake it hath a shord roote in color redishe The leues of lupines turne with the son / as Pliny wryteth and experience teached The vertues of Lupines THe mele of lupines / licked vp with hony / or if it be taken with drinke / dryueth wormes out of the belly The lupines selues steped / and eatē with theyr bitternes / are good for the same purpose The broth Lupini albi of them hath lyke vertue / dronken with rue and pepper / and so is it good for thē that haue the disease of the milt With the same it is good to bathe and washe wild sores / gangrenes / and the scab / when it beginneth first to come burstinges of it of wheles / rynnyng sores of the hede / frekles and spottes Lupines put into the body after the maner of a suppositori / with hony and myrr / all beyng wrapped in woll / draweth both down weomens floures / and also hyr burden that she goeth with if it be rype The flour or mele of lupines with lynt sede / amendeth the skinne and blew markes with perched barley water it swageth inflāmationes / and burnynges It easeth swellynges / and it is good for the sciatica layd on with vinegre If it be layd to with vinegre where in it is sodden / it heleth wennes and bursteth carbuncles Lupines sodden in rayn water / vntill they wexe towgh into a thick broth / scour and make clene the face Lupines are also good for the scabbor maugenes of cattell with the roote of black chameleon / so that they be wasshed with the warm broth that they are sodden in The rootes sodden in water / prouoke or stir a man to make water Lupines broken / after that by stepyng they wex swete / if they be dronken in vinegre take away the lothsomnes of the stomake and ingendreth an appetit an lust to eat The smoke of lupines burned / dryue gnattes and mydges away as Pliny wryteth Of Lysimachia LYsimachia putteth furth stalkes of the lenght of a cubit or som tyme longer / busshy / small / the leues com out at the knees or knottes / or ioyntes of the herbe They are thinne in fasshō lyke wylow leues in taste byndyng The flour is darck rede or of the color of golde It groweth in watery in marrishe fennish groundes Thys is a very comen herbe in Germany England I meruell that Matthiolus could not fynd it in Italy vntil it was sent hym from Rome by Vincent Cāton to Goritia But all though it be foūd in mani places of Englād / yet Lysimachiae purpureae primum genus Lysimachia luthea Lysimachia III. I coulde neuer learne any Englishe name of it It may be well called after the etimologi of the worde / and also of the vertue that it hath lous strife / or it may be called herbe willow The Duche men call it weyderich The vertues of Lousstrife THe iuice of the leues / by ther byndyng poure stoppeth the castyng out of blood It is ether to be poured in / or to be taken inward for the blody flyx If it be put in a mother suppository / it will stop the excessiue rynnyng or isshue of the mother If ye stop your nose with thys herbe / it will stop the rynnyng out of blood of it It stayeth also the excessiue rynnyng out of blood out of woundes It dryueth away serpentes and killeth flies with hys smoke / for it is wonders sharpe in smell There is an other Lysimachia besyd it that I haue spoken of with a redish purple floure / that groweth much about water sydes with an heade like an eare But I red of no other properti that it shoulde haue then it which hath the yelow or golden floures Of the Mallow or Maw MAlua is named in Greke Malachi / in English a Mallow / in Duch pappel / in Frenche maulue Ther are two kyndes of Mallowes / the one is the gardin mallow / and the other is the wilde mallow And eche of these as Pliny writeth / is diuided into diuerse kindes Of those mallowes that are sowē / the Grecianes call the greater / malopen Me thynck that the other is called malache / because it softeneth the belly Amonges the wilde mallowes it that hath the greate lefe and the whyte rote / is called althea / and of the excellent workyng that it hath / it is called of som Aristalthea The former kynde is now called in Englishe / frenche mallow it may be called tre mallow of the great bygnes that it groweth to And it that is called Malache of the Grecianes / and is after Pliny the Malua hortensis Malua syluestris pumila Malua syluestris lesse kinde of gardin mallowes / is called in Englishe holy ok / in Duche Winter rosen The former kinde of wild mallow / which as Pliny sayeth / is called Althea Aristalthea / is also called of the Latin writers Hibiscus / in Englishe marsh mallow / or marrish mallow / in Duche Ibishe of Galene Anadendron / of Aetius Dēdromalache of the apothecaries maluabis malua and maluaniscus The other kynde of wilde mallow is it that groweth wilde about townes and hygh wayes / and is commenly called in Englishe a mallow Theophrast in the nynthe booke de historia plantarum writeth that certayn thynges by dressyng and trymmyng departe frō theyr kynde and olde nature / as the mallow doth / sayeth he / whiche when as it is by nature but an herbe / yet groweth vp into the greatenes of a tre He sayeth that the gardin mallow within six or seuē monethes groweth so highe / that the stalck of it will serue for a lāce staff / and that therfore diuerse vse the stalkes of mallowes for staues The leues of mallowes are knowen of all men to be round the sede is in a litle round forme lyke a chese / som mallow floures are rede / som blew / som whyte / and if they had the lyke smell in beauty / myght well be compared with the rose floures The roote is very long and depe in the ground and somthyng shymy The vertues of mallowe or mawes THe gardin mallow is better to be eaten / then the wylde mallow is Yet is it ill for the
stomack and good for the belly But the stalkes are muche better It is good for the inward partes / and for the blader The leues chowed raw / and layd to with a litle salt / and hony / he le the impostemes in the corner of the eyes / but when they begin to he le / the salt must be taken awaye Mallowes are good to be layde to / agaynst the stynginges of waspes and bees / for he that is anoynted with raw mallowes and oyl / shall be fre from the styngyng of bees and waspes With pisse it healeth the rynnyng sores / and scales / or scurfe of the heade The leues broken and layd to with oyle are good for the wilde fyre / burned places If weomen will sit in the broth of mallowes / it wil softeÌ„ the hardnes of the mother It is good for the grawyng and of goyng of the skin / of the blader / guttes mother and fundament / if it be put in with a clyster The broth of the mallow leues sodden with the roote / is a good remedy agaynst al poysones / if it be dronken by and by after / and be vomited out agayn It is a good help agaynst the bytyng of a felde spyder The sede of mallowes dronken in wyne with the sede of wilde lotus swageth the smerting of the blader Galen and the Arabianes agre not in the complexion of the mallow / for Galene gyueth a warm qualite vnto wallowes / as these wordes folowyng do playnly declare There is a certayn tough and shlymy iuice in mallowes / which manifestly differeth from coldnes / which thyng ye may perceyue euen before ye eat of the mallow / for if ye lay it to a fyrie inflammation after that ye haue layd lettice vnto it / ye shall fynde / that lyke wyse as the lettice hath cooled / that euen so the mallowes warme the place that they are layd to But AbeÌ„ Mesuai in Serapione / sayeth these wordes folowyng of the vertues of mallowes The mallow is colde and moyste in the first degre / and specially the gardin mallow / and it is euel for the stomack And whilse it is moyste / it is good for the blader / but yet the sede is muche better there to / and it is good for the roughenes or payn that commeth by going of / of the skin / and of the blader It is good for the roughnes of the lunges / and breste It is good to make a plaster of it with rose oyle / and to lay it to the impostemes of the kydnes and blader Of the Mandrage Mandragoras masc THere are two kindes of Mandrag / the black which is the female / which is called the letticer / with lesse leues and narrower then lettice / whiche haue a strong sauor / and are spred vpon the grounde And this kinde bereth apples lyke vnto sorbapples / pale in coloure and well smellyng / wherein is conteyned sede / lyke vnto the kirnelles of peres It hath rootes of a good bignes ij or iij. one foldyng it self within an other They are black with out / and whyte within / they are couered with a thick barke And thys kynde hath no stalke The other kynde is the white Mandrag / and it is called the male The leues of this are byg / white / brode and smouth as the bete lefe is The apples of thys are twyse as byg as the apples of the other be / with a color turnyng toward saffron They smell plesantly / ioyned with a certayn greuousnes This kinde of Mandrage I haue oft tymes sene in England / it is the herbe that we call comenly Mandrag The rootes whiche are conterfited made like litle puppettes mammettes / which come to be sold in England in boxes / with heir / such forme as a man hath / are nothyng elles but folishe feined trifles / not naturall For they are so trymmed of crafty theues to mocke the poore people with all / to rob them both of theyr wit and theyr money I haue in my tyme at diuerse tymes takeÌ„ vp the rootes of Mandrag out of the grounde / but I neuer saw any such thyng vpon or in them / as are in and vpon the pedlers rootes that are comenly to be solde in boxes The Mandrag is named in Latin Mandragoras / in Duch / alram It groweth only in gardines in England and in Germany / but it is more comen in England then it is there But it groweth not vnder gallosses as a certayn dotyng doctor of Colon in hys physik lecture dyd tech hys auditores / nether doth it ryse of the sede of man / that falleth from hym that is hanged / nether is it called Mandragoras / because it came of mans sede as the for sayd Doctor dremed The vertues of Mandrage THe iuice of Mandrag / dronken in the quantite of a scruple in honied wyne / draweth furth Melancoly and fleme by vomitynge / after the maner of Helleborus But if a man take so muche of it / it will kill hym It is good to be menged with the medicines and sawhe as suege ach Men vse to take the barkes of the freshe rootes and to stamp them and to presâ—e the iuice and to set it in the son vntill it be growen hard / and then to put it vp into erthen vesselles / for to be vsed when nede shall requyre They vse also to take of the bark of the roote and to put a threde throw it / and so to hang it vp / and afterwardes to vse them There is a iuice also taken out of the apples / but that is not so quick in operation as the other iuice is Som take the rootes and set them in wine vntill the thyrde parte be sodden away / and when the broth is purified / kepe it / and gyue one cyat or an vnce and an half of it / to them that can not slepe / and to them that are in great payn / to such as must be burned or cut in som place / that they should not fele the burning or cuttyng It is good to be put into the mother to soften it If it be put into the fundament after the maner of a suppository / it will make a man slepe Som wryte that the roote hath the vertue to softene euery / if it be sodden six houres with it / and that it will make it fit to receyue easely any figure or form that a man will graue in it The grene leues are good to be layd to the inflammationes of the eyes / and to gatherynges / stirred vp by sores with perched barley mele It resolueth scattereth away wennes / swellynges and hardnes The same dothe away scarres or markes of woundes without ieperdi of fretyng of the skin / if they be rubbed mesurably therw t for the space of vj. or seuen dayes The leues are kept in bryne for the same purpose The roote broken layd to with
skin as an vnyō is Within that ar many pilles / one growing aboue an other / but not hole as vnyones be the stalke cometh first furth of the roote / afterward commeth a flour whyte yelowe And a long tyme after that come out the leues / after the maner of an vnyon / bowyng dounward the grounde It groweth much in Spayn and Apulia / by the sea syde / but no other where / sauing in suche like places without settinge or sowing For it greweth not from the sea of hym selfe The vertues of squilla SQuilla hath a sharpe and hote nature / but when it is rosted / it is made profitable for manye thynges And it ought to be rosted after thys maner Take the squilla / and couer it round about wyth clay or paste / and put it into an ouen / or couer it in the coles or asshes / vntill the past be baked inough When as ye haue taken that away / yf the squilla be not tendre / and rosted inough / couer it with new paste / or new clay / and roste it as ye dyd before It that is not thus dressed / is euel for the inner partes It maye be also baked by settinge it in a pot well couered / vse only the inner partes / and cast away the outer partes It may also be soddē in water after that it is cut in peces / the fyrst water casten oute / and freshe water put vnto it / vntill the water be no more bitter Men vse it also to sklise it / and to hange it on a threde / so that one pece touche not an other / and so drye them in the shaddow And we vse it that is cut / to make oyle of it / and wyne and vinegre One parte of the raw squilla heate in oyle or melted rosen / is good to be layd vpon the riftes of the fete If it be sodden in vinegre / and layd to emplaster wyse / it is good for them that are bitten of a veper or adder We vse to take one parte of the rosted squilla / and to put vnto it viij partes of brused salt / and here of we vse to geue a spoun ful or two to a man fasting / to soften hys bellye We put it also into drinkes and spicye composiciones / and into such drinkes / wherewyth we prouoke water / and in suche drinkes as we wold helpe the dropsey with / and help them in whose stomakes the meat swimmeth aboue / or such as haue the iaundes or geelsought / and haue gnawynge in the bodye / and them that are vexed wyth a longe cough / them that ar short winded / and them that spit blood one scruple and an half is inough to be taken at one tyme wyth honye We vse to sethe it with honye / and to geue it to be eaten for the same purpose / and so dressed / it is good to help digestion It dryueth away slymye mater lyke shauinges of the guttes If it be rosted and layd to / it is good for hangyng wartes / and for kybed or mould heles The sede taken in a fyg or wyth honye / louseth the belly They that haue any exulceration or place that hath the skinne of / and raw / had nede to take hede that they vse not the squilla Som autours write / that if the squilla be hanged vp hole aboue the dore / that no wychecrafte nor sorcerye shall take any place there Out of Mesue THe sea vnyon or squilla is two wayes profitable / both because it maketh rype and redy the matter to be put furth / dryueth furth such maters as are made redy It is best that groweth wyth an other not alone For it the groweth alone besyde hote bathes / is venemous The best is bitter and sharp / and hath shyning pilles / and it groweth in a fre felde It prepareth thick and tough humores / and melancholy by cutting of thē making of thē subtile / by scouring / that they may more easely come furth / that doth most spedely the oxymel or honied vinegre / made of the squilla the same purgeth out the forsayd humores Wherfore it is good for the diseases of the head / as the head ach / for the falling siknes / for dusines of the head / for the diseases of the synewes / ioyntes / longes and breste And that doth speciallye / the electuarye made of the iuyce of it with honye / if it be licked in The same maketh a clere voice / and so doth the honyed vinegre / made with squilla / and the vinegre alone made with the same The same helpe the stopping of the milt and the swelling thereof And it hindreth putrefaction to be ingendred in a mannes body And therefore it kepeth a man in heath / and maketh a mannes body continew still in yong state / but they make a man leane The squilla helpeth the louse goomes / and the vinegre of it maketh fast teth that are louse / if the mouth be washed therewyth It taketh awaye the stinking of the mouth / and maketh the breath swete It stancheth the ache of the stomack / it helpeth digestion / and maketh a man well colored It maketh a louse body fast and compact / howsoeuer it be taken The sodden drinck of it / may be geuen from ten drammes vnto thre vnces Mesue maketh the sea vnyone hote in the thyrde degre / and drye almost in the same Out of Pliny THe vse of squilla quickeneth the eysight / if it be taken with vinegre and honye It kylleth wormes in the bellye If it be freshe layd vnder the tonge / it quencheth the thyrst of them that haue the dropsey It is good to be layd to with honye agaynst the payne of the sciatica Out of Galene THe squilla hath a meruelous cutting poure / but not for all that very hote / so that a man may iudge it to be hote in the second degre It is beste to be taken sodden or rosted / and not raw / and so is the greate vehementye or streingth abayted Auerrois also an Arabian / writeth that Squilla is hote in the second degre / though Mesue wryte that it is hote in the thyrde degre Wherefore seyng that Galene and Auerrois hold / that it is no hoter / and I haue by tasting founde it no hoter I had leuer holde with Galene / that it is hote onlye in the second degre / then with Mesue / that maketh it hote in the thyrde degre Of water Germander SCordium is named in Greke scordion / in Duche Wasser bettenich / it maye be called in English / Water germander / or merrish germander or Garleke germander It groweth in Oxforthshyre and in Cambridge shire in good plenty The description of the noble herbe called Scordium out of Dioscorides Scordium SCordium groweth in mountaines and in merrishe grounde It hath leaues lyke vnto Germander / but greater / and not so muche indented
about In smell somthing resembling Garleke / binding / and in taste bitter It hath litle stalkes / four squared / wherevpon grow floures somthinge redishe The vertues of water Germander out of Dioscorides WAter Germander hath the pour to heate / and to make a man make water The grene herbe and also dried / if it be sodden with wine / is good to be dronken against the bitinge of serpentes / and agaynst poyson If it be taken in the quantite of two drames with mede / it is good for the gnawing of the stomack agaynst the blody flixe / and for them that can not make water easely It stoureth out also thicke and watery gear out of the brest If ye will take the drye herbe / and menge it with gardin cresses / honye and rosin / and make an electuary therof / and geue it to be leked vp of the patieÌ„t / it will helpe the olde cough / and such places as are bursten / and shronke together Thesame herbe menged with acerat or treat / made of waxe / and sayd to the myd ryf it will swage the longe heat or inflammation of theÌ„ the lame is also good for the gout / if it be layd to ether with sharpe vinegre or with water / with â—ony Also it ioyneth together woundes / and stoureth old sores and couereth them with a skin / and when it is dried / it holdeth doune the fleshe that groweth to much Men vse also to drinke the iuyce of it / pressed out for all the forsayd diseases / the scordium or water germander that groweth in Pontus or in Candy / is of most vertue and streinght Out of Galene Scordium is made of diuers both tastes and poures / for it hath som bitternes / som tartues / and som sharpnes / which is lyke vnto garleke / called scorodon / wherevpon I thinke that scordium hath hys name It stoureth out and warmeth the inward bowelles also / it driueth oute both water and also floures Also if it be dronken / it healeth the partes that are bursten and shronken together / the payn of the syde if it come of stoppinge or of colde The same Galene in hys booke de antidotis / that is of triacle or preseruatiue medicines agaynst poyson / wryteth further of scordium thus The beste scordium is brought from Candis / howbeit it is not to be mislyked that groweth in other countrees It is writen by men of great grauite / that so many dead bodyes of certayn men that were killed in a battel / as fel vpon scordiuÌ„ / namely such partes as touched it / were much lesse putrified / then the other were / som came into that beleue that scordiuÌ„ was good against the putrifying poyson of venemous beastes / and of other poysones Of the herbe called Securidaca SEcuridaca is called in Greke Edisseron or PelikinoÌ„ / I haue sene this herbe only in gardines in England / wherfore I could neuer learne any English name of it but lest it should be wtout name / I call it Axsede or Axwurt / or Axsich / because Dioscorides sayeth that the sede of securidaca is lyke vnto a two edged axe The description of Securidaca out of Dioscorides Securidaca is a litle bushe hauinge leaues lyke a ciche / called in Latin Cicer / coddes lyke vnto litle hornes / wherin is rede sede / lyke vnto a two edged axe / whervpon it hath the name the sede is in tast bitter / but dronkeÌ„ it is pleasant to the stomack / I haue sene ij kindes of Axwurt / both wyth the leaues of a Ciche But the one grewe wilde in Germanye / and had coddes very litle / vowed in an other kinde wyth coddes so bowyng inwarde / that they might be compared vnto a bowe of ayock / this kind dyd I neuer se / but in gardins Dioscorides writeth that it groweth amoÌ„gest the barly wheat The nature of Securidaca Dioscorides writeth that although it be better in tast / yet it is pleasant vnto the stomack / that it is put into triacles / preseruatiues Of other good properties / he maketh no further mention Galene writeth besyde these properties / that it openeth the stopping of the inward partes / and that all the buddes and braunches do thesame Out of Aetius The sede of Axsich is most pleasant to the stomack / is most fit for all the inward bowelles In hoter complexions / the sede of Axwurt ought to be menged with the emplasters / that are made for the hardnes of the milt Howbeit also in colde complexiones / and in all other it is very excellent Of Housleke Sedum magnum Sedum foemina Sedum tertium genus Sedum minus SEdum is called also in Latin Semperuiuum / and in Greke Aeizoon There are iiij kindes of semperuiuum the fyrste kinde is called in Latin Sedum magnum / in Greke Aeizoon mega / in English Housleke / and of som Singren / but it ought better to be called Aygrene / in Duche it is called Gros hauswurtz / in French Iubarb The seconde kinde is called in English / thrift stone crop / in Latin Sedum minus The thyrde kinde is called of som late wryters Vermicularis / in English Mous tayle or litle stone crop / and in Duche Maurpfeffer The description of the kindes of Semperuiuum Housleke hath the name of Semperuiuum in Latin / and of Aeizoon in Greke / the leaues are grene wherfore me thynke that Aygrene as I sayed before / is a better name for it then Singrene The fyrst or great kinde hath a stalk a cubit hygh or hygher / as thycke as your thumb / fatt / fayre grene / hauinge litle cuttinges in it as Tithimalus characias hath the leaues are fatt / or thyck / of the bignes of a mannes thumb / at the poynt lyke a tonge The nethermoste leaues lye wyth there bellyes vpward / and the poyntes dounwarde but they that are toward the top / beyng drawen together / resemble a circle with the figure of an eye It groweth in mountaynes / and hylly places / som vse to set it vpon theyr houses But the lesse Semperuiuum / that we call thrift or great stone crop / groweth in walles / rockes / mudwalles / and shaddowy diches / it hath manye stalkes comming from one root / small / full of rounde leaues / fat and sharpe in the ende / it bringeth furth a stalk in the middes a span long / whyche hath a bushye and shaddowy top / and small grene floures There semeth to be a thyrde kinde of Aygrene / som call it Porcellayne / or Teliphium / the Romaynes call it Illicibram / it hath leaues thycker and rough drawyng nere vnto the leaues of Porcellayn / thys kind groweth in rockes The vertues of the kindes of aygrene THe great kinde hath a cooling nature and binding the leaues by them selues / and layd to wyth perched barley mele / are good for the