the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n by_o cut_v too_o near_o or_o leave_v a_o stump_n by_o not_o cut_v near_o enough_o one_o of_o which_o be_v not_o easy_o avoid_v by_o the_o chance_n blow_v of_o a_o axe_n or_o hatchet_n and_o be_v among_o thick_a bough_n your_o chisel_n and_o mallet_n will_v be_v more_o governable_a than_o other_o instrument_n if_o the_o bough_n be_v very_o large_a you_o may_v use_v a_o see_v first_o and_o then_o smooth_v it_o with_o the_o chisel_n §_o 6._o tree_n grow_v in_o orchard_n field_n or_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n must_v be_v prune_v from_o year_n to_o year_n as_o need_n be_v in_o november_n or_o december_n by_o cut_v off_o superfluous_a branch_n and_o such_o as_o cross_v one_o another_o and_o grow_v too_o close_o leave_v no_o dead_a twig_n or_o branch_n and_o scrape_v off_o the_o moss_n on_o the_o body_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o tree_n §_o 7._o concern_v the_o prune_v and_o order_v of_o wall-tree_n see_v hereafter_o chap._n 10._o and_o you_o must_v not_o prune_n those_o plant_n you_o intend_v for_o the_o wall_n until_o transplant_v and_o set_v at_o the_o wall_n §_o 8._o prune_n not_o much_o and_o often_o if_o you_o love_v fruit_n more_o than_o a_o tree_n to_o thrive_v in_o wood_n therefore_o whilst_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a bring_v it_o unto_o a_o handsome_a shape_n and_o order_n and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o beat_v fruit_n forbear_v prune_v unless_o in_o case_n of_o break_a or_o such_o bough_n as_o grow_v cross_n or_o gall_n or_o fret_v other_o fruit-tree_n touch_v the_o height_n of_o fruit-tree_n §_o 9_o and_o here_o i_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o thwart_v and_o contradict_v the_o opinion_n of_o all_o our_o modern_a planter_n who_o applaud_v the_o make_n tree_n not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o ell_n high_a before_o they_o spread_v their_o reason_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v 1._o because_o the_o low_a tree_n soon_o attain_v to_o be_v fruitbearing_a tree_n and_o grow_v fair_a than_o the_o tall_a the_o sap_n and_o juice_n waste_v in_o its_o long_a ball_n and_o passage_n which_o in_o the_o short_a tree_n expend_v itself_o soon_o in_o the_o branch_n 2._o you_o may_v plant_v more_o of_o they_o in_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o land_n because_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o one_o tree_n do_v not_o reach_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o other_o as_o that_o of_o the_o tall_a tree_n do_v 3._o the_o low_a and_o broad_a spread_a tree_n be_v the_o great_a bearer_n by_o reason_n the_o blossom_n in_o the_o spring_n be_v not_o so_o obvious_a to_o the_o bitter_a blast_n nor_o the_o fruit_n in_o the_o autumn_n to_o the_o fierce_a and_o destructive_a wind_n 4._o fruit_n be_v more_o easy_o gather_v from_o a_o low_a than_o a_o tall_a tree_n beat_v or_o shake_v down_o fruit_n from_o such_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v reject_v by_o all_o judicious_a cyderist_n 5._o any_o fruit_n on_o a_o low_a well_o spread_v tree_n be_v better_a and_o fair_a than_o that_o on_o a_o tall_a tree_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v fair_a because_o the_o sap_n be_v not_o so_o much_o waste_v in_o the_o low_a and_o humble_a tree_n as_o in_o the_o tall_a and_o lofty_a by_o its_o large_a trunk_n notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n seem_v plausible_a yet_o experience_n assure_v that_o a_o tree_n of_o a_o reasonable_a height_n i_o mean_v not_o high_a like_o timber_n tree_n bear_v as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a and_o if_o you_o observe_v a_o due_a distance_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o shade_n will_v not_o be_v injurious_a and_o though_o fruit_n on_o a_o low_a tree_n be_v easy_o gather_v yet_o the_o other_o may_v be_v with_o some_o little_a pain_n gather_v well_o enough_o but_o if_o you_o design_v to_o use_v the_o land_n under_o or_o about_o the_o tree_n you_o plant_v either_o in_o orchard_n field_n or_o hedge_n for_o the_o since_o spade_n or_o grasing_n of_o cattle_n especial_o let_v your_o tree_n be_v seven_o foot_n high_a at_o least_o before_o they_o begin_v to_o spread_v because_o you_o can_v scarce_o so_o cautious_o preserve_v they_o but_o cattle_n will_v sometime_o or_o other_o get_v into_o your_o orchard_n and_o then_o they_o will_v not_o a_o little_a endamage_v your_o fruit-tree_n if_o low_a by_o nip_a off_o the_o bud_n of_o all_o bough_n within_o their_o reach_n and_o if_o you_o chance_v to_o farm_v the_o orchard_n your_o tenant_n in_o despite_n of_o all_o covenant_n to_o the_o contrary_a will_v either_o be_v negligent_a malicious_a or_o so_o covetous_a as_o to_o permit_v cattle_n to_o graze_v in_o the_o orchard_n to_o your_o no_o little_a damage_n which_o by_o let_v they_o be_v seven_o foot_n high_a before_o they_o begin_v to_o spread_v will_v be_v infallible_o prevent_v but_o where_o you_o intend_v tree_n for_o table-fruit_n to_o he_o set_v in_o the_o border_n of_o garden_n or_o walk_n there_o you_o may_v let_v they_o spread_v within_o a_o ell_n and_o less_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o you_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v more_o full_o instruct_v §_o 10._o in_o prune_v tree_n be_v cautious_a of_o cut_v off_o the_o small_a sprig_n which_o be_v the_o more_o apt_a to_o bear_v fruit_n it_o be_v too_o usual_a for_o ignorant_a planter_n to_o beautify_v their_o tree_n by_o take_v off_o these_o superfluous_a branch_n as_o they_o term_v they_o whereby_o they_o deprive_v themselves_o of_o the_o furit_fw-la §_o 11._o cherry-tree_n must_v be_v graft_v at_o the_o hight_v you_o will_v have_v they_o spread_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a unless_o for_o the_o wall_n and_o then_o within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n §_o 12._o prune_n the_o head_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o have_v but_o small_a pith_n as_o appletree_n pear-tree_n etc._n etc._n when_o you_o remove_v they_o to_o proportion_v the_o branch_n and_o root_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v but_o cherry-tree_n plum-tree_n walnut-tree_n etc._n etc._n that_o have_v a_o large_a pith_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tope_v only_o some_o of_o the_o side_n branch_n may_v be_v take_v away_o if_o you_o cut_v part_n of_o any_o shoot_n or_o a_o cyen_v for_o graft_v cut_v it_o close_o at_o a_o bud_n or_o sprig_n and_o the_o wound_n will_v again_o grow_v up_o and_o a_o stub_n end_v not_o leave_v behind_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o distance_n of_o fruit-tree_n orchard-tree_n distance_n of_o orchard-tree_n §_o 1._o the_o distance_n of_o tree_n in_o orchard_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v less_o than_o eight_o yard_n neither_o need_v it_o be_v more_o than_o 13_o or_o 14_o the_o rich_a the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a distance_n you_o ought_v to_o set_v the_o tree_n at_o from_o one_o another_o to_o which_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v respect_n and_o also_o to_o the_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n you_o plant_v for_o some_o tree_n take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o other_o as_o most_o appletree_n more_o than_o pear-tree_n and_o some_o appletree_n more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o aptness_n to_o grow_v more_o or_o less_o too_o tedious_a and_o difficult_a to_o be_v here_o relate_v only_o the_o red-streak_a be_v general_o a_o desire_a fruit_n you_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o appletree_n where_o it_o yield_v the_o best_a cider_n sometime_o it_o be_v almost_o but_o a_o shrub_n the_o winter_n pear-main_a golden-renating_a and_o john-apple_n be_v tree_n that_o spread_v not_o much_o but_o the_o gregory-pippin_n a_o fruit-tree_n in_o lancashire_n be_v a_o mighty_a spreader_n even_o on_o course_n land_n grow_v well_o and_o quick_o and_o be_v a_o excellent_a fruit_n for_o any_o use_n and_o thâ—_n tree_n great_a bearer_n and_o the_o fruit_n will_v easy_o keep_v until_o the_o follow_a may._n §_o 2_o as_o to_o the_o distance_n wall-fruit-tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v at_o wall-tree_n distance_n of_o wall-tree_n where_o they_o be_v to_o grow_v you_o may_v learn_v that_o best_a by_o consider_v their_o aptness_n to_o spread_v apricock_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o plum_n spread_v most_o the_o may_v cherryâ—_n and_o some_o other_o be_v of_o a_o very_a small_a growth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o give_v rule_n for_o all_o but_o the_o general_a distance_n be_v about_o four_o yard_n asunder_o distance_n cherry_n and_o coddle_v hedge_n distance_n §_o 3._o of_o late_a time_n it_o be_v use_v to_o make_v cherry-hedge_n in_o garden_n and_o orchard_n and_o hedge_n of_o codling_n nurs-garden_n plum_n and_o such_o like_a tree_n that_o may_v be_v keep_v by_o cut_v and_o plaish_v one_o branch_n within_o another_o and_o from_o grow_v very_o large_a these_o be_v usual_o make_v along_o the_o side_n of_o walk_n or_o round_o about_o a_o garden-plot_n and_o be_v ornamental_a to_o a_o garden_n be_v order_v and_o keep_v handsome_o tree_n for_o these_o purpose_n be_v to_o be_v set_v about_o a_o yard_n or_o a_o ell_n asunder_o for_o they_o shall_v near_o meet_v
have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o november_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n cut_v off_o like_a unto_o a_o hind_n or_o goat_n foot_n on_o the_o under-side_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n till_o march_v to_o be_v plant_v be_v then_o take_v forth_o again_o it_o have_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v put_v out_o many_o fibrous_a root_n at_o the_o end_n of_o those_o big_a root_n cut_v off_o which_o have_v they_o do_v in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o next_o summer_n this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a preparation_n against_o spring_n and_o it_o be_v always_o see_v that_o tree_n set_v in_o february_n or_o march_v make_v general_o a_o much_o less_o growth_n the_o next_o year_n than_o those_o that_o be_v set_v before_o winter_n if_o a_o dry_a summer_n happen_v to_o succeed_v it_o often_o kill_v some_o of_o the_o late-set_a tree_n and_o put_v such_o a_o sap_n to_o other_o that_o they_o recover_v not_o of_o many_o year_n in_o sharp_a frost_n or_o in_o snow_n though_o you_o can_v dig_v it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o remove_v tree_n §_o 2._o if_o your_o tree_n for_o standard_n at_o set_v be_v not_o very_o weak_a body_v removal_n how_o to_o prune_n and_o order_n tree_n at_o removal_n prune_n they_o up_o leave_v three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o principal_a branch_n on_o the_o top_n that_o grow_v outward_a which_o shall_v be_v lop_v off_o almost_o a_o year_n growth_n but_o if_o they_o be_v weak_a lest_o the_o wind_n shall_v injure_v they_o by_o toss_v they_o you_o may_v top_v they_o low_o do_v it_o at_o a_o bud_n or_o small_a twigg_n and_o in_o big_a tree_n cut_v the_o top_n almost_o all_o off_o and_o whensoever_o you_o transplant_v young_a tree_n cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o big_a root_n on_o the_o under-side_n like_v unto_o a_o hind_n foot_n and_o they_o will_v put_v forth_o new_a root_n the_o better_a remove_v bigness_n of_o tree_n to_o be_v remove_v §_o 3._o at_o three_o year_n end_n after_o graft_v in_o the_o nursery_n tree_n may_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o orchard_n especial_o if_o you_o plough_v or_o which_o be_v safe_o dig_v the_o orchard-land_n and_o set_v bean_n or_o other_o kitchin-garden_n stuff_n in_o it_o for_o some_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n that_o you_o graze_v than_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a their_o head_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n before_o you_o set_v they_o there_o and_o you_o must_v fence_v they_o one_o of_o the_o way_n mention_v hereafter_o tree_n how_o to_o remove_v a_o large_a tree_n §_o 4._o it_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o remove_v tree_n very_o young_a as_o at_o three_o year_n growth_n if_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o danger_n which_o in_o orchard_n or_o field_n where_o cattle_n have_v liberty_n to_o feed_v they_o can_v well_o be_v with_o ordinary_a fence_v unless_o they_o be_v of_o five_o or_o six_o year_n growth_n after_o graft_v he_o that_o have_v a_o nursery_n of_o his_o own_o and_o remove_v they_o into_o place_n so_o near_o that_o he_o can_v well_o do_v it_o let_v he_o the_o very_a same_o or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o they_o be_v take_v up_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o and_o not_o cut_v off_o too_o much_o of_o the_o root_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o top_n and_o he_o may_v do_v well_o to_o plant_v strong_a and_o well_o grow_v tree_n especial_o in_o his_o field_n and_o out-ground_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o fence_v will_v be_v much_o ease_v and_o be_v careful_o set_v they_o may_v prosper_v as_o well_o or_o better_a than_o small_a one_o especial_o in_o uncultivated_a or_o stiff_a land_n by_o nature_n where_o young_a tree_n can_v so_o well_o put_v forth_o root_n and_o the_o follow_a way_n be_v better_a to_o have_v old_a tree_n grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o than_o be_v common_o practise_v viz._n if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v any_o tree_n betwixt_o ten_o and_o thirty_o year_n old_a that_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o remove_v you_o must_v about_o november_n the_o year_n 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tree_n to_o draw_v more_o nourishment_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v and_o consequent_o to_o prosper_v better_o in_o its_o new_a mansion_n §_o 5._o many_o of_o those_o tree_n remove_v very_o timely_a as_o in_o the_o end_n of_o september_n or_o in_o october_n may_v shrink_v and_o seem_v to_o wither_v much_o yet_o they_o will_v recover_v and_o come_v to_o their_o former_a plumpness_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o remove_v and_o set_v tree_n tree_n coast_v tree_n §_o 1._o in_o remove_v any_o big_a tree_n man_n general_o observe_v to_o coast_n they_o that_o be_v to_o place_v the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o southeast_n etc._n etc._n as_o grow_v former_o that_o way_n where_o it_o stand_v before_o to_o which_o end_n before_o you_o remove_v it_o you_o have_v best_o make_v some_o mark_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o way_n it_o stand_v this_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o straight_a tree_n but_o it_o be_v more_o material_a if_o your_o tree_n lean_a one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o to_o set_v the_o lean_a side_n towards_o the_o south-west_n from_o whence_o the_o strong_a wind_n blow_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o observation_n you_o need_v not_o mind_v it_o in_o small_a tree_n or_o such_o that_o have_v grow_v in_o close-nursery_n they_o not_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o considerable_a alteration_n from_o any_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o case_n a_o tree_n before_o removal_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o east_n or_o west_n sun_n more_o than_o of_o the_o south_n then_o plant_v that_o tree_n that_o before_o have_v that_o advantage_n on_o the_o like_a again_o in_o its_o new_a place_n which_o although_o it_o vary_v from_o the_o direction_n aforesaid_a yet_o not_o from_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o transplant_v how_o to_o take_v up_o tree_n to_o be_v transplant_v §_o 2._o be_v careful_a in_o take_v up_o the_o plant_n dig_v round_o about_o they_o and_o take_v off_o the_o mould_n from_o their_o root_n if_o it_o be_v a_o small_a 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no_o because_o for_o a_o little_a money_n they_o can_v have_v plant_n from_o other_o ready_o bring_v up_o to_o their_o hand_n yet_o it_o be_v far_o better_a to_o have_v they_o of_o their_o own_o bring_v up_o and_o propagation_n and_o to_o have_v seminary_n and_o nursery_n of_o their_o own_o for_o this_o purpose_n for_o these_o reason_n i._o because_o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o failure_n either_o in_o the_o kind_n great_a bearing_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n in_o all_o which_o he_o shall_v frequent_o be_v disappoint_v and_o lose_v much_o time_n and_o expense_n if_o he_o have_v his_o tree_n upon_o the_o reputation_n and_o trust_n of_o other_o who_o make_v a_o trade_n of_o sell_v they_o and_o be_v therefore_o many_o time_n incurious_a careless_a and_o perhaps_o knavish_a in_o raise_v they_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o right_a kind_n if_o they_o can_v get_v either_o ease_n or_o any_o thing_n by_o it_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o put_v he_o off_o with_o another_o ii_o this_o trouble_n and_o expense_n of_o buy_v young_a plant_n and_o get_v they_o home_o many_o time_n from_o place_n very_o remote_a and_o the_o prejudice_n they_o often_o receive_v in_o the_o carriage_n will_v be_v whole_o prevent_v iii_o this_o way_n a_o man_n shall_v with_o almost_o the_o same_o labour_n and_o charge_n both_o furnish_v himself_o sufficient_o and_o have_v so_o many_o more_o as_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n he_o may_v be_v at_o about_o it_o if_o he_o will_v sell_v they_o or_o to_o gratify_v his_o friend_n if_o he_o have_v rather_o bestow_v they_o iv_o he_o will_v this_o way_n be_v provide_v with_o stock_n for_o apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n and_o all_o choice_a wall-fruit_n raise_v from_o kernel_n and_o stone_n of_o fruit_n which_o be_v incomparable_o better_o than_o stock_n procure_v any_o other_o way_n and_o last_o those_o that_o propagate_v tree_n for_o sale_n have_v their_o nursery_n exceed_v fat_a rich_a and_o fertile_a whereby_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o they_o into_o the_o orchard_n etc._n etc._n of_o other_o which_o be_v always_o almost_o of_o a_o far_a courser_n and_o worse_a soil_n frequent_o prin_fw-mi pine_v away_o and_o very_o often_o die_v and_o if_o they_o live_v they_o seldom_o prove_v fair_a large_a or_o well_o bear_v tree_n and_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n into_o which_o they_o be_v remove_v be_v heterogeneous_a and_o unsuitable_a for_o tree_n come_v out_o of_o the_o air_n and_o nursery_n you_o have_v they_o for_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a rule_n always_o to_o transplant_v or_o remove_v tree_n or_o stock_n from_o a_o worse_o to_o a_o better_a soil_n upon_o every_o removal_n and_o then_o they_o will_v prosper_v well_o so_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o south_n into_o the_o north_n seldom_o prosper_v whereas_o tree_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o north_n into_o the_o rich_a southern_a soil_n like_v well_o so_o tree_n bring_v up_o in_o nursery_n in_o lancashire_n and_o transplant_v into_o ireland_n thrive_v and_o bear_v exceed_v well_o ground_n about_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n on_o barren_a ground_n §_o 15._o stock_n or_o tree_n that_o grow_v on_o barren_a ground_n have_v common_o their_o bark_n very_o white_a and_o hard_a whereas_o those_o on_o good_a land_n have_v their_o bark_n very_o smooth_a green_a and_o plump_a and_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v large_a and_o full_a but_o the_o other_o shoot_n be_v short_a small_a and_o meagar_n crabtree_n how_o to_o raise_v a_o fence_n of_o crabtree_n §_o 16._o if_o one_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o raise_v a_o good_a new_a fence_n about_o a_o field_n he_o design_n to_o enclose_v which_o he_o can_v keep_v for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n together_o to_o bear_v corn_n or_o clover-grass_n to_o mow_v that_o cattle_n may_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v out_o of_o it_o he_o may_v do_v it_o rare_o well_o by_o sow_v apple-kernel_n of_o as_o many_o sort_n as_o he_o will_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o new-made_a ditch-bank_n make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n that_o be_v usual_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o utside_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o defend_v they_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o may_v plaish_fw-mi this_o hedge_n leave_v at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o yard_n distance_n one_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n to_o grow_v up_o which_o of_o themselves_o will_v bear_v good_a cyder-fruit_n which_o he_o may_v guess_v at_o by_o the_o broadness_n and_o largeness_n of_o the_o leave_v they_o bring_v forth_o or_o may_v be_v graft_v to_o bear_v what_o please_v the_o owner_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o with_o small_a charge_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o fruitbearing_a and_o impregnable_a hedge_n stone_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o seminary_n all_o stock_n whether_o raise_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n §_o 17._o let_v all_o stock_n whatever_o that_o be_v remove_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o before_o you_o graft_v they_o and_o notwithstanding_o some_o opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a no_o sort_n 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wether_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n and_o grow_v warm_a the_o wind_n not_o be_v north_n or_o north-east_n you_o may_v graft_v plum_n cherry_n and_o pear_n but_o not_o apple_n till_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n will_v a_o little_a rise_n or_o peel_n from_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v seldom_o before_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n and_o often_o not_o till_o april_n because_o this_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_v they_o but_o if_o you_o will_v graft_v any_o apple_n in_o the_o cleft_n you_o may_v do_v it_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n until_o the_o ten_o of_o april_n and_o that_o with_o success_n but_o graft_v in_o the_o cleave_v early_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n be_v best_a especial_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v mild_a and_o open_a and_o graft_v not_o within_o sixteen_o hour_n before_o or_o after_o the_o change_n or_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n instrument_n the_o graft_v instrument_n §_o 2._o your_o instrument_n to_o graft_v with_o be_v to_o be_v a_o fine_a neat_a sharp_a small_a well-set_a saw_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o some_o stock_n which_o be_v grow_v too_o big_a for_o the_o knife_n a_o good_a strong_a pruning-knife_n make_v a_o very_a little_a come_n which_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o your_o small_a stock_n you_o intend_v to_o graft_v also_o a_o good_a middling_a knife_n to_o cleave_v some_o of_o the_o small_a sort_n of_o stock_n with_o also_o a_o instrument_n like_o a_o broad_a chisel_n the_o handle_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o edge_n alike_o on_o both_o side_n not_o slope_v on_o one_o side_n like_o that_o of_o joiner_n but_o plain_a as_o a_o knife_n and_o very_o thin_a about_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n in_o breadth_n with_o which_o you_o may_v either_o cleave_v your_o large_a stock_n or_o prune_v your_o tree_n also_o a_o little_a mallet_n or_o else_o a_o stick_n about_o a_o foot_n long_o make_v of_o a_o old_a spade_n or_o shovel_n handle_v or_o some_o other_o hard_a wood_n to_o use_v 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the_o first_o year_n and_o shall_v be_v thus_o order_v viz._n stretch_v a_o line_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o where_o the_o hedge_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o set_v the_o tree_n straight_o at_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_a afterward_o knock_v down_o a_o stake_n betwixt_o each_o tree_n then_o have_v straight_o long_a rod_n or_o pole_n of_o ash_n or_o the_o like_a tie_v a_o row_n of_o they_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o about_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n fast_o to_o the_o stake_n with_o osier_n or_o such_o like_a or_o else_o nail_v they_o which_o be_v better_o and_o another_o row_n of_o rod_n a_o foot_n above_o they_o and_o so_o a_o three_o if_o need_v be_v according_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o young_a plant_n have_v thus_o do_v spread_v and_o tie_v the_o branch_n of_o the_o twig_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o order_n to_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o too_o hard_a and_o draw_v and_o fasten_v some_o of_o they_o down_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o so_o there_o 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every_o tree_n a_o cherrytree_n plum-tree_n or_o codling-tree_n which_o may_v grow_v up_o and_o bear_v with_o the_o other_o tree_n many_o year_n and_o never_o reach_v or_o prejudice_n they_o but_o will_v decay_v before_o the_o other_o be_v at_o full_a growth_n or_o you_o may_v set_v a_o young_a appletree_n or_o pear-tree_n betwixt_o every_o two_o of_o your_o standard_n that_o you_o set_v in_o the_o orchard_n and_o nurse_v it_o up_o with_o necessary_a dress_n and_o prune_v seven_o or_o eight_o year_n or_o less_o time_n to_o transplant_v into_o field_n or_o pasture-land_n where_o cattle_n feed_v whereby_o with_o little_a help_n it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o such_o danger_n of_o hurt_n from_o cattle_n as_o small_a one_o will_v and_o bear_v fruit_n soon_o after_o it_o be_v set_v and_o you_o can_v let_v they_o grow_v so_o long_o in_o your_o nursery_n without_o gall_v fret_a or_o hurt_v one_o another_o unless_o when_o you_o remove_v tree_n out_o of_o your_o nursery_n you_o take_v care_n to_o 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deep_a and_o a_o fat_a earth_n not_o a_o stiff_a cold_a clay_n or_o bind_v gravel_n nor_o a_o light_n sandy_a esky_a or_o hollow_a earth_n yet_o with_o good_a husbandry_n if_o it_o run_v not_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o any_o of_o these_o fruit-tree_n may_v prosper_v reasonable_o well_o in_o it_o §_o 2._o the_o natural_a soil_n for_o a_o orchard_n be_v more_o to_o be_v respect_v than_o a_o garden_n for_o the_o garden_n fruit-tree_n and_o what_o else_o grow_v there_o root_v little_o deep_o than_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o manure_v but_o pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n in_o orchard_n shall_v grow_v to_o be_v large_a tree_n and_o therefore_o send_v forth_o root_n broad_a and_o deep_a so_o that_o it_o transcend_v all_o cost_n and_o pain_n to_o enrich_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o root_n every_o way_n reach_v §_o 3._o but_o they_o that_o be_v seat_v or_o fix_v in_o any_o place_n and_o can_v convenient_o change_v their_o habitation_n must_v be_v content_a with_o their_o own_o and_o if_o any_o defect_n or_o disadvantage_n be_v in_o it_o it_o may_v be_v it_o have_v some_o advantage_n that_o another_o want_n if_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o north_n the_o tree_n bud_n and_o blossom_n the_o late_a and_o many_o time_n the_o fruit_n thereby_o succeed_v the_o better_a and_o be_v free_a from_o the_o injurious_a south-wind_n in_o the_o autumnal_a season_n §_o 4._o if_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v not_o only_o the_o advantage_n of_o be_v late_a bud_v and_o blow_v because_o of_o the_o cold_a easterly_a wind_n in_o the_o spring_n but_o the_o fruit_n ripen_v the_o better_a the_o morning_n sun_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v by_o much_o the_o best_a and_o the_o fruit_n free_v from_o the_o western_a wind_n which_o with_o the_o south_n be_v the_o worst_a §_o 5._o if_o your_o land_n be_v on_o a_o dry_a or_o rise_a ground_n you_o may_v plant_v they_o the_o thick_a which_o will_v cover_v and_o shade_v the_o ground_n the_o soon_o and_o make_v they_o bear_v the_o 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either_o a_o black_a or_o brown_a mould_n if_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o sand_n so_o much_o the_o better_a but_o the_o heavy_a cold_a and_o moist_a wheatland_n be_v not_o so_o good_a §_o 8._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o light_a and_o rich_a of_o it_o self_n or_o so_o make_v by_o improvement_n several_a sort_n of_o appletree_n especial_o the_o pippin_n will_v be_v so_o apt_a to_o canker_n that_o they_o will_v scarce_o ever_o be_v large_a tree_n therefore_o a_o firm_a and_o strong_a land_n be_v best_o for_o winter_n or_o long_a last_a fruit_n but_o for_o summer-fruit_n land_n can_v be_v too_o light_a the_o more_o it_o incline_v to_o redness_n the_o better_a ground_n how_o to_o qualify_v the_o ground_n §_o 9_o if_o
the_o well_o order_v of_o the_o branch_n that_o can_v not_o be_v well_o place_v in_o summer_n time_n and_o for_o the_o cut_v off_o great_a branch_n when_o need_n be_v preserve_v branch_n as_o low_o and_o as_o near_o the_o ground_n as_o may_v be_v and_o cause_v they_o to_o bend_v and_o grow_v straight_o along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n both_o way_n and_o suffer_v not_o the_o big_a branch_n to_o rise_v straight_o upward_o but_o nail_v they_o downward_o to_o furnish_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v sure_a to_o take_v off_o those_o that_o grow_v the_o straight_a out_o and_o will_v not_o be_v bow_v close_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o observe_v to_o bend_v down_o the_o strong_a shoot_v that_o will_v grow_v upward_o towards_o the_o side_n otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o run_v straight_o upward_a and_o not_o cover_v the_o space_n you_o design_n for_o they_o and_o by_o their_o luxurious_a growth_n will_v extreme_o rob_v the_o side-branche_n of_o their_o nourishment_n there_o 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any_o of_o these_o may_v serve_v the_o turn_n tree_n to_o renew_v old_a tree_n §_o 4._o when_o your_o wall-tree_n be_v grow_v old_a and_o full_a of_o big_a wood_n you_o may_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n time_n renew_v they_o by_o cut_v out_o some_o of_o the_o big_a stem_n or_o bough_n yearly_a cut_v each_o branch_n off_o at_o some_o small_a twig_n if_o it_o may_v be_v that_o either_o it_o or_o a_o fresh_a branch_n may_v grow_v over_o the_o cut_a place_n which_o must_v be_v keep_v cover_v with_o clay_n and_o so_o go_v on_o yearly_a till_o all_o the_o big_a wood_n be_v cut_v out_o or_o if_o you_o dislike_v the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n you_o may_v inoculate_v or_o graft_v the_o bough_n with_o a_o better_a sort_n of_o fruit_n but_o not_o all_o in_o one_o year_n but_o some_o in_o one_o year_n and_o some_o in_o another_o by_o either_o of_o these_o way_n you_o may_v renew_v a_o decay_a tree_n and_o keep_v your_o wall_n almost_o still_o furnish_v with_o less_o trouble_n and_o charge_n or_o loss_n of_o time_n than_o by_o take_v up_o the_o old_a one_o and_o plant_v a_o young_a one_o in_o its_o stead_n wall_n set_v fruit_n proper_a for_o each_o wall_n §_o 5._o in_o furnish_v your_o wall_n with_o fruit-tree_n observe_v always_o to_o plant_v peach_n and_o nectarine_n up_o to_o the_o wall_n that_o be_v most_o southward_o the_o east-wall_n be_v to_o be_v allot_v to_o apricock_n early_a cherry_n and_o the_o choice_a plum_n the_o west_n may_v be_v set_v with_o pear_n cherry_n and_o plum_n some_o of_o the_o course_v pear_n and_o plum_n you_o may_v set_v to_o the_o north-wall_n both_o to_o cover_v the_o wall_n handsome_o and_o many_o year_n they_o will_v bear_v as_o well_o on_o it_o as_o on_o standard_n especial_o if_o your_o wall_n stand_v not_o direct_o north_n but_o so_o as_o to_o have_v some_o considerable_a benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n nut-tree_n likewise_o be_v proper_a for_o this_o wall_n and_o will_v prosper_v well_o up_o to_o it_o if_o your_o conveniency_n will_v allow_v it_o and_o you_o be_v to_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o have_v your_o garden_n wall_n not_o stand_v direct_o towards_o the_o four_o point_n than_o otherwise_o and_o then_o the_o worst_a wall_n will_v be_v much_o better_a and_o the_o best_a good_a enough_o for_o your_o purpose_n as_o thus_o the_o east-wall_n to_o incline_v to_o the_o south_n the_o south-wall_n to_o the_o west_n the_o west-wall_n to_o the_o north_n the_o north_n to_o the_o east_n or_o contrary_a but_o not_o so_o well_o in_o the_o first_o way_n the_o two_o first_o wall_n will_v be_v extraordinary_a good_a and_o the_o two_o late_a good_a enough_o for_o ordinary_a fruit._n fruit-tree_n how_o to_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n for_o fruit-tree_n §_o 6._o in_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n it_o will_v be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o make_v it_o with_o half-round_n each_o semicricle_n be_v eight_o yard_n round_o in_o the_o inside_n and_o about_o six_o yard_n in_o the_o face_n or_o diameter_n each_o take_n two_o tree_n and_o betwixt_o every_o halfround_a let_v there_o be_v two_o foot_n breadth_n of_o plain_a and_o direct_a walling_n where_o you_o may_v place_v a_o flowerpot_n on_o a_o pillar_n two_o foot_n high_a or_o plant_v a_o vine_n to_o run_v up_o it_o which_o every_o summer_n you_o may_v let_v spread_v itself_o a_o little_a into_o the_o half-round_n on_o each_o side_n it_o one_o in_o a_o cold_a country_n have_v his_o garden-wall_n thus_o make_v have_v his_o tree_n bear_v fruit_n plentiful_o in_o such_o year_n as_o his_o neighbour_n general_o fail_v in_o some_o place_n wall_n be_v thus_o make_v for_o raise_v melon_n under_o by_o a_o pattern_n and_o direction_n from_o italy_n grape_n ripen_v delicate_o on_o every_o side_n the_o cluster_n that_o grow_v in_o a_o halfround_a by_o mean_n of_o these_o round_n every_o wall_n will_v one_o time_n of_o the_o day_n or_o other_o have_v a_o share_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o best_a wall_n by_o reason_n of_o such_o a_o reflection_n and_o collection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n as_o will_v be_v in_o every_o round_n will_v be_v exceed_o hot_a and_o the_o tree_n be_v more_o secure_a from_o wind_n a_o pale_a be_v as_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o ripen_a fruit_n better_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o it_o can_v be_v raise_v up_o too_o if_o the_o pale_a be_v make_v of_o saw_v board_n nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n high_a and_o exact_o join_v that_o no_o wind_n may_v come_v through_o next_o to_o this_o in_o goodness_n be_v a_o brickwall_n and_o then_o a_o stone-wall_n and_o the_o worst_a of_o all_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o timber_n and_o mortar_n but_o in_o this_o every_o one_o can_v be_v his_o own_o chooser_n but_o must_v comply_v with_o what_o the_o country_n he_o live_v in_o will_v permit_v he_o to_o do_v for_o his_o best_a convenience_n wall-tree_n baring_n the_o root_n of_o wall-tree_n §_o 7._o sometime_o in_o the_o winter_n after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n if_o the_o soil_v the_o root_n be_v to_o spread_v into_o be_v not_o rich_a enough_o open_v the_o ground_n at_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o hole_n you_o make_v at_o set_v as_o near_o round_o about_o as_o the_o wall_n will_v permit_v if_o you_o find_v no_o root_n bare_a let_v it_o lie_v open_v a_o month_n and_o then_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o well_o mix_v with_o such_o a_o manure_n as_o suit_n with_o it_o chap._n xi_o of_o tree_n of_o low_a stature_n and_o growth_n common_o call_v dwarf-tree_n §_o 1._o dwarf-tree_n have_v be_v of_o late_o more_o than_o ordinary_o value_v and_o covet_v because_o they_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n for_o table-fruit_n whether_o pear_n apple_n plum_n or_o cherry_n and_o be_v but_o of_o low_a statute_n may_v be_v convenient_o plant_v for_o walk_n and_o in_o the_o border_n of_o garden-walk_n without_o prejudice_v any_o thing_n else_o about_o they_o and_o their_o fruit_n will_v be_v as_o well_o secure_v and_o commodious_a for_o gather_v as_o the_o wall-fruit_n pear-tree_n stock_n for_o dwarf_n pear-tree_n §_o 2._o plant_n for_o this_o purpose_n must_v be_v provide_v and_o prepare_v somewhat_o different_o from_o those_o for_o orchard_n or_o field_n the_o quince-tree_n be_v general_o use_v and_o best_a for_o stock_n for_o pear_n both_o for_o dwarf_n and_o wall_n as_o well_o because_o it_o may_v possible_o somewhat_o meliorate_v the_o pear_n as_o and_o that_o chief_o because_o it_o grow_v not_o to_o that_o bigness_n as_o on_o a_o pear-stock_n it_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o do_v appletree_n stock_n for_o dwarf_n appletree_n §_o 3._o for_o dwarf_n appletree_n the_o best_a stock_n be_v such_o as_o be_v raise_v of_o the_o cut_n of_o other_o appletree_n that_o
in_o some_o place_n this_o may_v by_o check_v the_o sap_n cause_v it_o the_o more_o abundant_o pass_v and_o be_v convert_v into_o root_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n you_o have_v see_v the_o way_n of_o prepare_v cut_n by_o circumposition_n and_o though_o some_o will_v pretend_v to_o raise_v tree_n of_o any_o kind_n by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o avail_v not_o but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o by_o a_o peculiar_a property_n be_v apt_a to_o put_v forth_o root_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o set_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o those_o general_o know_v and_o make_v use_n of_o this_o way_n be_v the_o kentish_a coddle_v the_o gennet-moil_n some_o sort_n of_o sweet_a apple_n and_o bitter-sweets_a the_o quince-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n goodsberry-tree_n curran-tree_n and_o the_o paradise_n appletree_n which_o last_o be_v much_o commend_v by_o mr._n rea_n for_o to_o raise_v stcock_n for_o dwarf_n appletree_n tree_n to_o raise_v stock_n by_o cut_v down_o a_o old_a tree_n §_o 6._o another_o way_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf-tree_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o some_o one_o tree_n of_o little_a worth_n of_o such_o a_o kind_a as_o you_o want_v stock_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o ground_n this_o will_v make_v some_o kind_n of_o tree_n very_o apt_a to_o cast_v forth_o very_o good_a sucker_n from_o the_o old_a root_n such_o as_o be_v of_o two_o year_n growth_n may_v be_v transplant_v and_o the_o stump_n above_o ground_n will_v also_o put_v forth_o abundance_n of_o young_a shoot_v after_o these_o young_a shoot_v have_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o stump_n one_o year_n cast_v mold_n or_o earth_n about_o they_o a_o good_a height_n so_o that_o you_o cover_v not_o the_o top_n of_o any_o of_o they_o where_o let_v they_o grow_v two_o year_n more_o and_o they_o will_v be_v well_o root_v then_o cut_v they_o off_o from_o the_o old_a stock_n which_o after_o that_o may_v yield_v fresh_a one_o again_o and_o set_v the_o shoot_v you_o take_v off_o as_o before_o have_v be_v direct_v about_o cut_n these_o will_v be_v about_o three_o year_n long_o before_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o graft_v than_o cut_n but_o will_v be_v very_o good_a young_a fresh_a stock_n and_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o raise_v stock_n of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o pear_n because_o quince-tree_n general_o grow_v so_o crooked_a and_o irregular_a that_o its_o difficult_a to_o procure_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o they_o by_o cut_n if_o they_o shoot_v up_o tall_a after_o they_o be_v mould_v you_o have_v best_o top_v they_o at_o a_o convenient_a height_n it_o will_v make_v they_o grow_v the_o more_o in_o bigness_n and_o so_o be_v soon_o fit_v to_o graft_v but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o the_o old_a tree_n be_v you_o need_v not_o top_v they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o you_o want_v quince-tree_n codling_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v be_v furnish_v with_o plenty_n that_o will_v make_v better_a and_o handsome_a tree_n than_o if_o you_o raise_v they_o by_o cut_n pear-tree_n stock_n for_o dwarf_n pear-tree_n §_o 7._o you_o may_v raise_v stock_n for_o dwarf_n pear-tree_n from_o sucker_n of_o old_a pear-tree_n if_o you_o can_v convenient_o get_v enough_o of_o the_o quince-tree_n for_o many_o pear-tree_n cast_v they_o natural_o which_o be_v preserve_v from_o cattle_n may_v be_v take_v up_o and_o set_v in_o bed_n of_o earth_n as_o you_o do_v the_o seedling_n if_o your_o pear-tree_n yield_v not_o sucker_n of_o themselves_o you_o need_v only_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o some_o old_a ill_a pear-tree_n and_o graff_n it_o with_o a_o better_a fruit_n if_o you_o please_v and_o the_o root_n will_v cast_v forth_o sucker_n plentiful_o and_o you_o may_v help_v they_o by_o make_v a_o small_a ditch_n or_o gutter_n so_o as_o to_o bear_v some_o of_o the_o root_n about_o two_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o tree_n or_o pare_v off_o the_o grass_n if_o any_o grow_v about_o the_o tree_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o more_o liberty_n to_o spring_v up_o or_o in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v bare_v the_o root_n and_o then_o give_v a_o cut_n across_o some_o root_n almost_o to_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o the_o cross_n cut_v cleave_v the_o root_n raise_v up_o the_o loose_a part_n and_o put_v in_o a_o little_a stone_n to_o keep_v it_o open_a cover_v it_o three_o inch_n over_o with_o mold_n let_v this_o be_v do_v if_o you_o can_v where_o you_o find_v a_o bud_n or_o eye_n on_o the_o root_n for_o the_o sucker_n to_o shoot_v out_o at_o and_o either_o inoculate_v the_o young_a shoot_n in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v or_o remove_v it_o to_o some_o other_o place_n after_o a_o year_n growth_n and_o when_o you_o do_v cut_v off_o with_o it_o about_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o old_a root_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v have_v sucker_n from_o some_o other_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o natural_o yield_v they_o plum-tree_n stock_n for_o dwarf-cherry_n and_o plum-tree_n §_o 8._o to_o 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liberty_n to_o vent_v all_o the_o sap_n that_o come_v up_o surfeit_n and_o die_v the_o small_a graft_n not_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v near_o so_o much_o sap_n as_o the_o old_a top_n do_v the_o year_n before_o thus_o many_o countryman_n when_o they_o take_v off_o the_o head_n of_o a_o old_a oak_n have_v sometime_o find_v it_o die_v and_o therefore_o in_o some_o country_n they_o leave_v one_o big_a bough_n to_o grow_v for_o one_o year_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n as_o they_o term_v it_o whereas_o it_o be_v indeed_o that_o the_o sap_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o vent_v itself_o for_o tree_n that_o
have_v a_o thick_a bark_n as_o old_a oak_n have_v when_o all_o the_o small_a bough_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v long_o in_o put_v forth_o branch_n and_o difficulty_n at_o last_o put_v forth_o so_o many_o as_o will_v spend_v the_o sap_n which_o come_v up_o the_o tree_n in_o some_o proportion_n to_o what_o it_o do_v the_o year_n before_o when_o the_o whole_a top_n be_v on_o which_o sap_n be_v chief_o in_o the_o great_a channel_n betwixt_o or_o near_o the_o bark_n and_o outside_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o not_o be_v vent_v be_v either_o dry_v or_o consume_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o putrify_v for_o want_v of_o that_o continual_a motion_n that_o be_v in_o it_o when_o it_o have_v vent_v that_o several_a tree_n die_v of_o this_o disease_n and_o when_o tree_n die_v this_o way_n the_o bark_n will_v drop_v off_o from_o the_o body_n of_o they_o soon_o by_o some_o year_n than_o otherwise_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o you_o may_v kill_v a_o tree_n by_o lop_n off_o the_o whole_a top_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n or_o so_o much_o of_o it_o that_o the_o remain_a bough_n can_v receive_v all_o the_o sap_n but_o it_o lie_v choke_v up_o for_o want_n of_o issue_n the_o second_o summer_n you_o ought_v to_o bind_v some_o hay-rope_n about_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o cyens_n there_o will_v be_v no_o great_a need_n of_o repeat_v this_o the_o three_o summer_n but_o if_o do_v it_o will_v the_o more_o certain_o secure_v they_o from_o break_v by_o the_o wind._n thus_o you_o may_v secure_o and_o speedy_o graft_v old_a tree_n that_o be_v either_o bad_a bearer_n or_o bear_v fruit_n of_o bad_a kind_n and_o they_o will_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n hear_v plentiful_o if_o you_o take_v care_n which_o you_o always_o aught_o to_o do_v upon_o any_o graft_a or_o inoculate_v to_o graft_v they_o with_o kind_n that_o experience_n of_o yourself_o or_o other_o can_v faithful_o assure_v you_o to_o be_v of_o very_o good_a bear_v kind_n chap._n xiii_o of_o propagate_a and_o order_v vine_n vine_n soil_v proper_a for_o vine_n §_o 1._o the_o best_a ground_n for_o they_o be_v a_o rich_a dry_a light_n sandy_a land_n inclinable_a to_o stony_a or_o gravel_n so_o it_o bound_v not_o if_o it_o incline_v much_o to_o bramble_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o apt_a ground_n for_o this_o plant_n the_o richness_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o requisite_a as_o the_o heat_n and_o dryness_n thereof_o a_o short_a vine_n full_a of_o knot_n or_o joint_n be_v most_o fruitful_a and_o fit_a for_o our_o climate_n the_o best_a dung_n to_o fatten_n the_o earth_n they_o grow_v in_o be_v horse_n or_o sheeps-dung_n make_v bare_a the_o root_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o throw_v in_o plenty_n of_o the_o same_o dung_n most_o winter_n england_n kind_n of_o vine_n to_o be_v propagate_v in_o england_n §_o 2._o next_o be_v sure_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o grape_n as_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o english_a soil_n and_o climate_n which_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o nip_a frost_n and_o cold_a blast_n than_o france_n etc._n etc._n and_o our_o northern_a country_n much_o worse_a than_o the_o southern_a for_o these_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o especial_o be_v better_o or_o worse_o and_o bear_v according_a to_o the_o place_n they_o grow_v in_o if_o they_o have_v a_o proper_a soil_n be_v well_o order_v have_v much_o sun_n as_o upon_o a_o south-wall_n or_o upon_o the_o east-wall_n which_o be_v best_a next_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v better_a and_o soon_o ripe_v and_o i_o have_v read_v that_o the_o vine_n that_o yield_v grape_n in_o the_o canary_n of_o which_o the_o sack_n be_v make_v be_v transplant_v from_o the_o rhine_n in_o germany_n thither_o and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o rhenish-wine_n grape_n which_o agree_v and_o improve_n in_o that_o climate_n afford_v the_o most_o delicate_a wine_n far_o different_a from_o its_o parent_n on_o the_o rhine_n the_o small_a black_a grape_n by_o some_o call_v the_o cluster-grape_n or_o currant-grape_n be_v the_o first_o ripe_a bear_v well_o the_o bunch_n be_v small_a but_o the_o grape_n so_o thick_a that_o you_o can_v put_v a_o pin_n between_o they_o and_o be_v a_o very_a pleasant_a sweet_a grape_n and_o as_o fit_v for_o propagation_n as_o any_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n so_o they_o without_o stone_n the_o next_o be_v the_o red_a and_o white_a muskadine_n bear_v well_o large_a bunch_n and_o fair_a fruit_n and_o ripen_v in_o most_o year_n against_o a_o south-wall_n but_o the_o red_a be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o white_a the_o red_a and_o white_a frontinâ—ac_n be_v a_o fruit_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a haut-gust_n where_o it_o come_v to_o perfect_a ripeness_n which_o it_o scarce_o do_v unless_o in_o a_o hot_a summer_n and_o it_o be_v plant_v against_o a_o good_a south-wall_n the_o black_a or_o red_a orleans_n be_v a_o very_a good_a grape_n and_o ripen_v very_o well_o with_o we_o the_o great_a blue-grape_n be_v very_o good_a fruit_n and_o ripen_v well_o with_o we_o the_o canada_n or_o parsley-grape_n so_o call_v from_o the_o country_n whence_o it_o come_v and_o from_o the_o form_n of_o its_o leaf_n be_v divide_v and_o jagged_a like_o a_o parsley_n leaf_n it_o be_v ripe_a somewhat_o late_o but_o a_o good_a fruit._fw-la the_o raisin-grape_n be_v a_o large_a and_o long_a grape_n but_o ripen_v not_o well_o in_o this_o climate_n the_o burlet_n be_v a_o very_a large_a grape_n but_o seldom_o ripen_v here_o grape_n de_fw-fr arbois_n be_v a_o very_a good_a grape_n the_o bursarobe_n be_v a_o excellent_a large_a sweet_a white_a crape_n and_o in_o some_o year_n ripen_v well_o as_o also_o will_v the_o muscat_n layer_n the_o way_n of_o propagate_a vine_n by_o layer_n §_o 3._o the_o best_a way_n of_o propagate_a vine_n be_v in_o november_n to_o lay_v a_o branch_n of_o that_o year_n growth_n into_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o old_a tree_n without_o cut_v it_o off_o lay_v as_o many_o joint_n or_o bud_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o you_o can_v leave_v but_o one_o or_o two_o out_o for_o it_o put_v forth_o its_o root_n chief_o at_o the_o joint_n at_o a_o year_n end_n or_o in_o the_o february_n come_v twelvemonth_n cut_v it_o off_o from_o the_o old_a one_o and_o plant_v it_o where_o you_o design_v it_o shall_v grow_v lay_v it_o in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o posture_n it_o lay_v in_o before_o and_o also_o lie_v some_o of_o the_o bud_n of_o the_o new_a wood_n that_o grow_v out_o since_o it_o be_v first_o lay_v down_o that_o it_o may_v gain_v the_o more_o root_n leave_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n again_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o bud_n cut_n propagate_a vine_n by_o sucker_n and_o cut_n you_o may_v chance_v to_o have_v sucker_n of_o a_o old_a vine_n which_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o grow_v or_o you_o may_v take_v cut_n of_o vine-branche_n of_o that_o year_n growth_n and_o cut_v the_o bottom_n in_o shape_n of_o a_o deer_n foot_n on_o the_o under_o side_n and_o set_v they_o in_o good_a warm_a loose_a land_n and_o many_o will_v grow_v if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o place_n you_o intend_v they_o shall_v always_o stand_v in_o next_o year_n lie_v down_o a_o part_n of_o that_o which_o have_v grow_v out_o to_o root_n also_o or_o else_o upon_o removal_n lay_v in_o the_o new_a growth_n all_o but_o a_o bud_n or_o two_o with_o that_o part_n which_o be_v already_o root_v if_o it_o have_v make_v but_o small_a growth_n the_o first_o year_n lay_v part_n of_o the_o second_o year_n growth_n in_o the_o ground_n it_o will_v more_o advantage_v they_o by_o help_v they_o to_o good_a root_n than_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o growth_n in_o the_o top_n will_v amount_v to_o §_o 4._o if_o you_o have_v a_o old_a vine_n that_o bear_v not_o well_o vine_n to_o help_v a_o old_a vine_n lay_v down_o in_o february_n or_o march_n some_o of_o the_o strong_a branch_n of_o the_o forego_n year_n that_o grow_v low_a in_o the_o mould_n under_o the_o old_a tree_n without_o cut_v they_o off_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o bud_n or_o two_o to_o grow_v and_o your_o wall_n will_v quick_o be_v furnish_v with_o new_a and_o fresh_a branch_n so_o that_o by_o degree_n you_o may_v cut_v off_o many_o of_o the_o old_a branch_n of_o the_o vine_n for_o though_o one_o vine_n may_v cover_v abundance_n of_o walling_n yet_o three_o or_o four_o root_n in_o that_o compass_n will_v strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o to_o bear_v vine_n of_o prune_v vine_n §_o 5._o as_o vine_n stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o prune_v than_o other_o fruit-tree_n so_o great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o perform_n of_o it_o when_o you_o have_v set_v your_o vine_n as_o you_o have_v
walnut_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o walnut_n some_o be_v large_a other_o thin_a sheld_n than_o the_o common_a but_o differ_v so_o little_a one_o from_o another_o that_o man_n have_v not_o much_o mind_v give_v they_o name_n the_o large_a sort_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o french_a walnut_n the_o best_a be_v those_o of_o a_o tender_a thin_a shell_n of_o a_o full_a kernel_n and_o of_o a_o middle_a size_n good_a for_o what_o walnut_n tree_n be_v good_a §_o 2._o walnut_n be_v much_o plant_v of_o late_a and_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o walk_n in_o ground_n and_o a_o good_a fence_n to_o shelter_v building_n and_o orchard_n the_o fruit_n be_v useful_a and_o profitable_a if_o you_o can_v spare_v any_o to_o sell_v or_o for_o oil_n for_o painter_n if_o the_o market_n shall_v be_v glut_v with_o they_o and_o the_o timber_n so_o excellent_a for_o table_n chair_n stool_n and_o the_o stocking_n of_o gun_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o go_v off_o well_o and_o take_v a_o good_a price_n walnut_n way_n of_o raise_v walnut_n §_o 3._o they_o be_v raise_v by_o nut_n gather_v from_o the_o same_o tree_n if_o you_o can_v let_v they_o have_v their_o green_a husk_n on_o they_o for_o the_o bitterness_n thereof_o will_v defend_v the_o kernel_n from_o be_v eat_v by_o worm_n before_o they_o spring_v up_o but_o you_o must_v chief_o respect_v their_o full_a ripeness_n at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v apt_a to_o shed_v their_o husk_n you_o may_v either_o set_v they_o as_o they_o come_v immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n or_o keep_v they_o in_o the_o sand_n till_o march._n set_a they_o in_o rich_a dry_a warm_a land_n little_o more_o than_o a_o inch_n deep_a and_o when_o you_o transplant_v they_o set_v they_o as_o speedy_o as_o you_o can_v after_o take_v up_o and_o cut_v off_o little_a of_o the_o root_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n the_o sap_n or_o heart-root_n as_o in_o other_o tree_n and_o top_v they_o not_o at_o all_o if_o you_o can_v help_v it_o but_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v so_o tall_a crooked_a or_o dead_a at_o the_o top_n before_o removal_n than_o you_o must_v put_v a_o peg_n or_o some_o soft_a wax_n into_o the_o pith-pole_n or_o cover_v the_o cut_a with_o clay_n that_o wet_a may_v not_o get_v in_o and_o make_v it_o die_v downward_o because_o these_o tree_n have_v a_o large_a pith_n when_o you_o do_v cut_v off_o the_o top_n do_v it_o if_o you_o can_v at_o a_o side-branch_n or_o sprig_n and_o that_o will_v spread_v under_o the_o clay_n and_o cover_v the_o top_n again_o you_o may_v cut_v off_o many_o side-branche_n when_o you_o transplant_v they_o no_o cattle_n will_v brouse_a or_o peel_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o bitterness_n so_o that_o a_o fence_n that_o will_v preserve_v they_o from_o cattle_n rub_v it_o sufficient_a walnut_n soil_v proper_a for_o walnut_n §_o 4._o they_o will_v grow_v in_o loose_a gravelly_a stoney_n or_o almost_o rockey_n land_n and_o best_a where_o they_o be_v first_o set_v without_o be_v remove_v to_o which_o end_n you_o may_v in_o such_o a_o hillock_n as_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o field-planting_a but_o not_o so_o broad_a nor_o so_o high_a set_v three_o or_o four_o nut_n or_o more_o and_o about_o two_o year_n after_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o pluck_v up_o gentle_o all_o but_o one_o of_o they_o that_o be_v likely_a to_o make_v the_o best_a tree_n chap._n xvi_o of_o chestnut_n the_o best_a chestnut_n among_o we_o be_v those_o that_o come_v from_o beyond_o sea_n but_o of_o those_o that_o grow_v with_o we_o some_o be_v large_a than_o other_o without_o any_o difference_n worth_a observation_n chestnut-tree_n grow_v to_o bâ—_n very_o large_a and_o bear_v good_a fruit_n on_o a_o hâ—t_o dry_a land_n they_o be_v excellent_a for_o a_o defence_n â—rom_fw-mi winds_z and_o better_a than_o walnut-tree_n but_o of_o much_o flower_n growth_n it_o be_v not_o good_a â—o_o top_v they_o as_o some_o do_v when_o they_o transplat_v they_o they_o be_v raise_v by_o set_v nâ—ts_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a deep_a that_o come_v frâ—m_n beyond_o sea_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n or_o â—rom_o good_a nut_n well_o ripend_v in_o england_n â—hich_v you_o may_v set_v with_o the_o husk_n on_o wherâ—_n they_o be_v fall_v or_o rather_o keep_v in_o sand_n till_o the_o great_a frost_n be_v over_o these_o trâ—â—s_n grow_v best_a likewise_o without_o be_v ever_o â—â—moved_v some_o say_v that_o they_o will_v grow_v well_o be_v graft_v upon_o oak_n beeech_n or_o walnut-tree_n the_o horse-chesnut_n growth_n of_o layer_n and_o make_v delicate_a tree_n for_o avenue_n chap._n xvii_o of_o filbeard_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o filbeard_n distinguish_v by_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o their_o kernel_n the_o one_o be_v red_a and_o the_o other_o white_a there_o be_v another_o sort_n call_v the_o filbeard_n of_o constantinople_n the_o leave_n and_o fruit_n of_o which_o be_v big_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a and_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o a_o excellent_a large_a plump_a nut_n that_o have_v a_o very_a good_a kernel_n the_o best_a of_o which_o have_v a_o very_a thin_a shell_n filbeard_n and_o hazle-nut_n worthy_a to_o be_v plant_v in_o orchard_n or_o garden_n be_v raise_v from_o nut_n set_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o sucker_n from_o the_o root_n a_o old_a tree_n or_o may_v be_v graft_v on_o the_o common_a hazle-nut-tree_n chap_n xviii_o of_o quince_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n there_o be_v not_o a_o more_o delicate_a fruit_n for_o the_o kitchen_n and_o conservatory_n than_o the_o quince_n whereof_o there_o be_v some_o sort_n though_o not_o many_o somewhat_o different_a from_o each_o other_o the_o portugal_n apple_n quince_n be_v of_o best_a esteem_n it_o be_v a_o large_a yellow_a fruit_n tender_a pleasant_a and_o soon_o boil_v the_o portugal_n pear_n quince_n be_v much_o like_o the_o former_a except_o in_o its_o form_n the_o barbary_n quince_n be_v good_a but_o small_a the_o lion_n quince_n be_v a_o large_a yellow_a and_o the_o brunswick_n quince_n a_o large_a white_a both_o good_a fruit_n but_o inferior_a to_o the_o two_o first_o the_o english_a quince_n be_v the_o most_o stony_a and_o a_o harsh_a fruit_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o down_n or_o cotton_n the_o way_n of_o raise_v quince-tree_n be_v by_o sucker_n cut_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o eleven_o chap._n aforego_v and_o it_o be_v only_a to_o be_v add_v that_o if_o you_o have_v a_o part_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o growth_n so_o low_a that_o you_o can_v bring_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n either_o by_o plaish_v or_o otherwise_o you_o may_v do_v it_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o cover_v it_o all_o with_o earth_n but_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o let_v it_o continue_v so_o one_o year_n and_o then_o uncover_v it_o and_o every_o twig_n will_v have_v put_v forth_o root_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o transplant_v will_v make_v you_o a_o tree_n and_o this_o be_v the_o way_n of_o propagate_a fruit-tree_n by_o layer_n layer_n how_o to_o propagate_v by_o layer_n and_o you_o may_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o such_o tree_n that_o may_v be_v propagate_v by_o cut_n as_o curran_n quince_n goosberry_n raspherry_n barberry_n fig_n vine_n mulberry_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v raise_v likewise_o by_o layer_n and_o this_o way_n take_v more_o sure_a than_o by_o cut_n tree_n general_o have_v large_a pith_n that_o will_v grow_v by_o cut_n and_o layer_n quince-tree_n delight_n and_o bear_v best_a in_o a_o fat_a moist_a rich_a land_n where_o some_o sink_v or_o gutter_n that_o carry_v away_o the_o soak_v or_o wash_v of_o a_o dunghill_n or_o house_n be_v a_o place_n usual_o choose_v for_o they_o and_o be_v such_o as_o they_o like_v very_o well_o in_o some_o will_v graft_v or_o inoculate_v quince-stock_n with_o graft_n or_o bud_n from_o quince-tree_n of_o good_a bear_v kind_n which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o bear_v more_o early_o chap._n xix_o of_o mulberry_n mulberry_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o colour_n for_o there_o be_v black_a red_a and_o white_a the_o black_a mulberry-tree_n never_o fail_v of_o fruit_n after_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o but_o the_o white_a seldom_o bear_v well_o they_o be_v raise_v by_o sucker_n layer_n or_o cut_n from_o the_o branch_n or_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n these_o follow_a tree_n and_o shrub_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o grow_v of_o cut_n or_o slip_v as_o codling_n genneting_n bret_o gennet-moil_n quince_n goosberry_n currant_n fig_n vine_n tamarisk_n honeysuckle_n and_o rose_n in_o some_o ground_n by_o lay_v almost_o any_o sort_n of_o tree_n or_o shrub_n will_v grow_v if_o a_o little_a incision_n be_v make_v as_o the_o beformentioned_a and_o mulberry_n cornelion_n lime-tree_n gelder-rose_n rose_n of_o all_o sort_n the_o season_n for_o set_v of_o cut_n of_o tree_n to_o grow_v
the_o tree_n or_o by_o take_v they_o with_o bird-lime_n crow_n will_v be_v fright_v if_o you_o kill_v one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o and_o pull_v it_o in_o piece_n and_o scatter_v the_o piece_n about_o the_o tree_n they_o will_v not_o come_v their_o again_z whilst_o the_o feather_n be_v any_o thing_n fresh_a but_o magpie_n jackdaw_n jay_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fright_v from_o your_o cherry_n but_o kill_v as_o they_o come_v with_o a_o gun_n and_o that_o early_a in_o the_o morning_n earwiggs_n earwiggs_n §_o 15._o earwig_n be_v destroy_v by_o set_v oxhoof_n cane_n or_o any_o hollow_a thing_n near_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o among_o the_o bough_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o stick_n and_o they_o will_v creep_v in_o and_o lie_v there_o then_o take_v off_o these_o hoof_n quick_o and_o shake_v they_o and_o crush_v they_o on_o the_o ground_n with_o your_o foot_n cattle_n cattle_n §_o 16._o cattle_n wheresoever_o they_o come_v among_o tree_n be_v a_o mighty_a and_o mischievous_a enemy_n if_o the_o bough_n be_v within_o their_o reach_n for_o then_o they_o will_v bite_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o and_o thereby_o with_o their_o tooth_n so_o bruise_v the_o end_n of_o the_o bough_n and_o shoot_v that_o the_o tree_n seldom_n thrive_v of_o many_o year_n if_o ever_o afterward_o where_o this_o misfortune_n happen_v to_o any_o tree_n the_o only_a remedy_n be_v to_o cut_v off_o at_o some_o sprig_n or_o bud_n so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v have_v in_o their_o mouth_n or_o be_v bruise_v by_o their_o tooth_n and_o fence_v your_o orchard_n well_o from_o they_o or_o else_o which_o be_v the_o sure_a way_n not_o to_o let_v your_o tree_n begin_v to_o spread_v before_o they_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a of_o the_o trunk_n or_o body_n and_o so_o prune_v up_o that_o all_o the_o bough_n and_o every_o part_n of_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o ground_n as_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o cattle_n to_o reach_v deep_a set_v too_o deep_a §_o 17._o although_o the_o set_a tree_n too_o deep_a and_o below_o the_o good_a soil_n be_v no_o disease_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o disease_n to_o your_o fruit-tree_n as_o moss_n barkbound_n canker_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v set_v shallow_a be_v attend_v with_o no_o other_o inconvenience_n but_o that_o the_o tree_n be_v sometime_o blow_v down_o if_o not_o stake_v the_o first_o two_o year_n chap._n xxix_o of_o gather_v fruit_n and_o the_o best_a way_n of_o make_v cider_n §_o 1._o in_o gather_v of_o fruit_n be_v careful_a that_o the_o branch_n of_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o batter_v and_o break_v §_o 2._o such_o as_o you_o design_v to_o keep_v any_o time_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v shake_v off_o the_o tree_n because_o of_o bruise_v but_o pick_v off_o with_o your_o hand_n be_v sure_o the_o fruit_n you_o gather_v be_v thorough_o ripe_a which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o its_o beginning_n to_o drop_v or_o by_o cut_v a_o apple_n and_o see_v the_o kernel_n turn_v black_a let_v the_o wether_n be_v fair_a and_o dry_a when_o you_o gather_v and_o no_o dew_n upon_o the_o tree_n lay_v up_o what_o you_o thus_o gather_v in_o a_o close_a but_o a_o sweet_a room_n upon_o a_o board_v but_o not_o with_o deal_n floor_n and_o not_o on_o a_o clay_n or_o plaster_v floor_n and_o lay_v they_o up_o without_o any_o green_a leave_n or_o stick_v among_o they_o as_o you_o find_v any_o in_o your_o heap_n rot_v pick_v they_o out_o and_o in_o frost_n cover_v they_o with_o straw_n or_o straw_n mat_n and_o also_o hang_v in_o sharp_a frost_n blanket_n before_o the_o window_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o frost_n lay_v every_o kind_n by_o themselves_o if_o you_o have_v some_o pear_n that_o be_v choice_n and_o last_a wrap_v they_o up_o in_o paper_n and_o lay_v they_o one_o by_o one_o upon_o shelf_n or_o hang_v they_o up_o by_o the_o stalk_n and_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n from_o they_o as_o much_o as_o you_o can_v §_o 3._o in_o gather_v cider_n fruit_n you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o let_v they_o be_v well_o ripe_a on_o the_o tree_n mill._n gather_v of_o cider_n fruit_n and_o prepare_v it_o for_o the_o mill._n for_o there_o be_v much_o cider_n spoil_v because_o the_o apple_n be_v ground_n before_o they_o be_v ripe_a and_o all_o fruit_n yield_v a_o different_a liquor_n according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o maturity_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n for_o when_o it_o be_v most_o ripe_a it_o yield_v a_o rich_a pleasant_a and_o more_o last_a drink_n but_o if_o press_v before_o ripe_a though_o it_o yield_v a_o great_a quantity_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o a_o thin_a raw_a crude_a sour_a phlegmatic_a and_o unwholesome_a drink_n therefore_o if_o your_o fruit_n be_v not_o ripe_a all_o at_o one_o time_n select_v such_o sort_n as_o be_v of_o a_o like_a degree_n of_o maturity_n or_o if_o the_o wind_n beat_v down_o many_o and_o you_o be_v unwilling_a to_o spoil_v or_o lose_v they_o let_v they_o lie_v dry_a as_o long_o as_o you_o can_v before_o you_o grind_v they_o to_o obtain_v as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o ripeness_n as_o they_o can_v and_o let_v that_o cider_n be_v thorough_o ferment_v before_o barreled_a and_o the_o first_o that_o be_v spend_v neither_o mix_v ripe_a with_o unripe_a fruit_n not_o aught_o you_o to_o permit_v some_o sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v too_o ripe_a because_o it_o then_o grow_v pulpy_a in_o grind_v and_o will_v not_o yield_v its_o liquor_n unless_o some_o water_n be_v mix_v therewith_o your_o choice_a summer_n fruit_n be_v some_o of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o pippin_n and_o renating_n subject_a to_o pulpiness_n if_o full_a ripe_a lay_v such_o fruit_n by_o themselves_o to_o be_v ground_n and_o press_v for_o cyderkin_n that_o be_v break_v but_o a_o small_a bruise_n do_v not_o much_o injury_n your_o apple_n be_v well_o ripe_a let_v they_o be_v gentle_o shake_v down_o and_o lay_v out_o of_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n not_o abroad_o but_o in_o a_o heap_n upon_o a_o sweet_a and_o dry_a floor_n that_o be_v board_v but_o not_o with_o deal_v nor_o on_o a_o plaisterd_a floor_n and_o on_o dry_a rye_n wheat_n or_o oaten_a straw_n till_o they_o have_v sweat_v out_o and_o digest_v their_o crude_a and_o phlegmatic_a humour_n and_o there_o let_v they_o so_o lie_v a_o fortnight_n the_o redstreak_n and_o hard_a apple_n you_o may_v let_v lie_v long_o that_o be_v three_o weak_n or_o a_o month_n the_o long_o they_o lie_v the_o less_o cider_n indeed_o they_o will_v yield_v but_o much_o the_o better_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v they_o as_o ripe_a as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o too_o many_o of_o they_o begin_v not_o to_o rot_v which_o rot_v once_o be_v to_o be_v pick_v out_o grind_v not_o your_o apple_n immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v thorough_o ripe_a though_o they_o will_v then_o yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n but_o neither_o pleasant_a nor_o last_v therefore_o let_v they_o lie_v on_o heap_n as_o aforesaid_a by_o hoard_v only_o of_o windfall_n for_o some_o time_n or_o until_o the_o time_n it_o be_v expect_v they_o shall_v have_v be_v ripe_a in_o do_v very_o much_o meliorate_v the_o cider_n make_v of_o they_o which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v very_o bad_a for_o from_o the_o due_a time_n place_n and_o manner_n of_o hoard_v of_o the_o fruit_n be_v oftentimes_o the_o cider_n very_o good_a which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v very_o bad_a thus_o when_o your_o fruit_n be_v due_o ripe_a gather_v preserve_v or_o hoard_v some_o time_n it_o be_v ready_a for_o the_o mill._n when_o you_o bring_v your_o apple_n to_o the_o mill_n or_o just_o before_o you_o fill_v they_o up_o pick_v out_o or_o cast_v by_o all_o that_o be_v green_a unripe_a rot_a or_o otherwise_o naught_o and_o all_o stalk_n leave_n etc._n etc._n that_o may_v injure_v your_o cider_n for_o it_o be_v better_a to_o want_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n than_o to_o spoil_v the_o whole_a some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o rottenness_n in_o the_o apple_n injure_v not_o the_o cider_n but_o that_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o rot_a apple_n mix_v with_o the_o sound_n be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o the_o fermentation_n and_o clarification_n of_o the_o cider_n but_o it_o be_v suppose_v they_o mean_v such_o apple_n only_o as_o have_v be_v bruise_v in_o gather_v shake_v down_o or_o carry_v which_o will_v by_o lie_v become_v rot_v and_o the_o skin_n be_v whole_a be_v not_o much_o the_o worse_o only_o the_o cider_n will_v retain_v a_o smack_n of_o they_o notwithstanding_o which_o by_o no_o mean_n admit_v they_o among_o your_o cider_n that_o you_o intend_v for_o keep_v but_o rather_o make_v cider_n of_o they_o for_o a_o more_o early_o spend_v for_o other_o affirm_v that_o one_o rot_a
let_v stand_v till_o it_o be_v cold_a it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a that_o abate_v much_o of_o its_o crudity_n water_n mix_v with_o the_o fruit_n when_o ground_n and_o permit_v to_o stand_v 48_o hour_n incorporate_v abundant_o better_o than_o if_o add_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o if_o mix_v in_o the_o vessel_n better_a than_o if_o add_v in_o the_o glass_n by_o the_o additon_n of_o water_n no_o other_o advantage_n can_v be_v expect_v than_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o liquor_n as_o more_o small_a beer_n than_o strong_a be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o malt._n for_o the_o ordinary_a expense_n in_o house_n keep_v you_o may_v make_v cyderkin_n or_o purre_n after_o you_o have_v press_v out_o your_o cider_n by_o put_v the_o murc_n must_v or_o pouz_v up_o into_o a_o large_a what_fw-mi and_o add_v thereto_o what_o quantity_n you_o think_v convenient_a of_o boil_a water_n be_v first_o cold_a again_o if_o about_o half_a that_o quantity_n as_o be_v of_o the_o cider_n that_o be_v press_v from_o it_o it_o will_v be_v good_a if_o as_o much_o as_o the_o cider_n then_o but_o small_a let_v this_o water-stand_a upon_o it_o about_o 48_o hour_n and_o then_o press_v it_o well_o that_o which_o come_v from_o the_o press_n tun_n up_o immediate_o and_o stop_v it_o up_o and_o you_o may_v drink_v it_o in_o a_o few_o day_n this_o be_v the_o most_o part_n water_n will_v clarify_v of_o itself_o and_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o small_a beer_n in_o a_o family_n and_o to_o many_o much_o more_o acceptable_a you_o may_v amend_v it_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o settle_v sediment_n or_o lee_n of_o your_o cider_n you_o last_o purify_v by_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o pulp_n before_o pressure_n or_o by_o add_v some_o overplus_n of_o cider_n that_o your_o other_o vessel_n will_v not_o â—old_a or_o by_o grind_v some_o fall_v or_o 〈◊〉_d apple_n that_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v add_v to_o your_o cider_n and_o press_v it_o with_o this_o this_o cyderkin_n or_o purre_n may_v be_v make_v to_o keep_v long_o in_o case_n you_o boil_v it_o after_o pressure_n with_o such_o a_o proportion_n of_o dry_a hop_n but_o not_o green_a hop_n as_o you_o usual_o add_v to_o your_o beer_n that_o you_o intend_v to_o keep_v for_o the_o same_o time_n and_o it_o will_v thus_o be_v very_o well_o preserve_v but_o than_o you_o need_v not_o boil_v your_o water_n before_o the_o add_v it_o to_o your_o murc_n must_v or_o pouz_n cider_n how_o to_o make_v choice_a cider_n §_o 12._o if_o any_o one_o shall_v desire_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o cider_n extraordinary_a for_o its_o goodness_n let_v he_o take_v the_o liquor_n that_o come_v first_o from_o the_o must_v without_o much_o press_v and_o dispose_v of_o what_o come_v afterward_o by_o itself_o or_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o juice_n of_o another_o grind_n some_o have_v be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o pick_v off_o the_o tree_n the_o ripe_a apple_n and_o especial_o those_o that_o have_v have_v most_o of_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o by_o themselves_o for_o choice_n and_o rich_a cider_n perry_n how_o to_o make_v perry_n §_o 13._o perry_n be_v make_v the_o very_a same_o way_n as_o cider_n only_o observe_v not_o to_o let_v your_o pear_n be_v very_o ripe_a before_o you_o grind_v they_o for_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v too_o mellow_a when_o ground_n they_o be_v so_o pulpy_n that_o they_o will_v not_o easy_o part_v with_o their_o juice_n and_o it_o be_v advise_v by_o some_o to_o mix_v crab_n at_o grind_v among_o the_o pear_n especial_o of_o weak_a juice_n and_o it_o be_v affirm_v they_o will_v very_o much_o mend_v and_o improve_v the_o perry_n the_o proportion_n must_v be_v with_o discretion_n according_a as_o the_o sweetness_n of_o the_o pear_n require_v §_o 14._o the_o best_a addition_n that_o can_v be_v make_v to_o cider_n be_v that_o of_o the_o lees_n of_o malaga_n sack_n cider_n of_o mixture_n must_v cider_n or_o canary_n new_a and_o sweet_a about_a a_o gallon_n to_o a_o hogshead_n this_o be_v a_o great_a improver_n and_o purifier_n of_o cider_n the_o juice_n of_o raspberry_n preserve_v or_o the_o wine_n thereof_o give_v a_o excellent_a tincture_n to_o this_o liquor_n and_o make_v it_o very_o pleasant_a if_o the_o cider_n be_v not_o too_o new_a or_o too_o luscious_a when_o you_o bottle_n cider_n put_v into_o every_o bottle_n a_o little_a conserve_v of_o raspberry_n and_o it_o give_v it_o a_o curious_a taste_n elderberry_n be_v of_o great_a esteem_n to_o thing_n cider_n with_o which_o may_v be_v thus_o do_v take_v a_o gallon_n or_o more_o of_o clean_o pick_v and_o full_a ripe_a elderberry_n put_v they_o in_o a_o pot_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o paper_n set_v they_o in_o this_o pot_n in_o a_o oven_n immediate_o after_o you_o have_v draw_v forth_o your_o household_n bread_n let_v they_o stand_v till_o the_o oven_n be_v cold_a if_o they_o be_v not_o enough_o heat_n the_o oven_n again_o but_o not_o too_o hot_a and_o set_v they_o in_o it_o again_o when_o take_v out_o strain_v out_o the_o juice_n which_o will_v be_v thin_a and_o clear_a and_o bottle_n it_o up_o with_o loaf_n sugar_n for_o use_v two_o or_o three_o spoonful_n of_o this_o mix_v in_o a_o quart_n bottle_n of_o cider_n at_o the_o bottle_a make_v it_o of_o a_o fine_a red_a colour_n pleasant_a to_o the_o taste_n and_o endow_n it_o with_o all_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o the_o elder-berry_n in_o like_a manner_n you_o may_v use_v mulberry_n and_o blackberry_n which_o will_v give_v cool_a tincture_n to_o cider_n if_o your_o oven_n be_v not_o very_o hot_a set_v the_o elderberry_n etc._n etc._n in_o with_o the_o bread_n &c_n to_o make_v curran_n wine_n &c_n &c_n §_o 15._o take_v twelve_o quart_n of_o full_a ripe_a and_o clean_o pick_v curran_n put_v they_o into_o a_o stone_n mortar_n and_o there_o bruise_v they_o with_o a_o wooden_a pestle_n or_o else_o rub_v they_o in_o piece_n with_o your_o hand_n than_o put_v they_o into_o a_o well_o glaze_v earthen_a pot_n and_o thereunto_o put_v of_o boil_a hot_a water_n that_o have_v be_v boil_v a_o full_a hour_n twelve_o quart_n stir_v they_o about_o very_o well_o with_o a_o wooden_a slice_v in_o the_o water_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v 24_o hour_n to_o infuse_v then_o drain_v they_o through_o a_o hair_n sieve_n and_o put_v the_o liquor_n into_o a_o small_a barrel_n well_o season_v and_o sweet_a or_o into_o a_o earthen_a pot_n close_o cover_v and_o add_v to_o each_o gallon_n of_o liquor_n two_o pound_n of_o bruise_a loaf_n sugar_n and_o let_v the_o liquor_n stand_v in_o a_o cool_a cellar_n six_o or_o seven_o week_n well_o stop_v only_o sometime_o if_o in_o a_o barrel_n give_v it_o a_o little_a vent_n else_o it_o will_v break_v the_o vessel_n then_o take_v off_o the_o scum_n or_o cream_n that_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o let_v the_o liquor_n run_v through_o a_o fine_a strainer_n and_o bottle_n it_o put_v into_o every_o bottle_n a_o little_a spoonful_n of_o beat_a brown_a sugar_n candy_n and_o in_o six_o week_n it_o will_v be_v ready_a for_o drink_v let_v the_o bottle_n be_v strong_a one_o else_o it_o will_v break_v they_o only_o you_o may_v prevent_v that_o by_o open_v your_o bottle_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v a_o whole_a day_n uncork_v if_o it_o either_o cause_n the_o cork_n to_o fly_v or_o break_v any_o of_o your_o bottle_n or_o put_v the_o cork_n loose_o in_o at_o the_o first_o and_o then_o knock_v they_o in_o close_a after_o some_o time_n thus_o you_o may_v make_v excellent_a and_o delicate_a wine_n of_o curran_n blackberry_n raspberry_n goosberry_n only_o let_v not_o your_o goosberry_n be_v too_o ripe_a but_o all_o the_o rest_n full_a ripe_a if_o you_o desire_v the_o wine_n to_o be_v strong_a than_o this_o put_v but_o a_o pint_n and_o half_a or_o a_o pint_n of_o boil_a water_n to_o each_o quart_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o you_o may_v make_v a_o second_o and_o small_a sort_n of_o wine_n of_o the_o must_v murc_n or_o pouz_n of_o your_o fruit._n cherrie-wine_n another_o way_n of_o make_v the_o say_a wine_n of_o curran_n etc._n etc._n but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o former_a except_o for_o cherrie-wine_n §_o 16._o for_o every_o pound_n of_o clean_o pick_v and_o ripe_a fruit_n stamp_v and_o the_o liquor_n or_o juice_n press_v out_o take_v a_o quart_n of_o spring_n water_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o pound_n of_o fine_a white_a sugar_n boil_v the_o water_n and_o sugar_n scum_n it_o and_o put_v in_o the_o juice_n of_o your_o fruit_n then_o let_v it_o boil_v up_o again_o take_v it_o off_o the_o fire_n run_v it_o through_o a_o hair_n sieve_n and_o when_o it_o be_v thorough_o cold_a put_v it_o in_o a_o stean_a pot_n or_o vessel_n close_o cover_v and_o
your_o last_o orchard_n fruit_n take_v up_o your_o potato_n for_o winter_n spend_v there_o will_v enough_o remain_v for_o stock_n though_o never_o so_o exact_o gather_v save_o the_o small_a one_o for_o set_v cut_a off_o the_o top_n of_o asparagus_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o long_a dung_n or_o make_v bed_n to_o plant_v in_o spring_n set_a yet_o all_o sort_n of_o kernel_n and_o stone_n to_o raise_v stock_n for_o nursery_n in_o frost_n cover_v the_o window_n of_o your_o fruit_n room_n and_o the_o fruit_n with_o mat_n of_o straw_n etc._n etc._n now_o order_n turnip_n for_o seed_n thus_o viz._n about_o the_o ten_o get_v up_o some_o of_o your_o large_a and_o best_a turnip_n 20_o will_v yield_v about_o a_o quart_n of_o seed_n but_o wash_v they_o not_o then_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bush_n or_o stalk_v leave_v five_o or_o six_o inch_n to_o grow_v to_o the_o turnip_n lay_v these_o about_o 14_o day_n in_o a_o cool_a room_n then_o prepare_v a_o convenient_a plot_n of_o ground_n by_o dige_v and_o trench_v good_a store_n of_o rot_a muck_n then_o set_v turnip_n half_a a_o yard_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o and_o mould_v up_o the_o earth_n three_o inch_n high_a on_o the_o stalk_v about_o each_o in_o april_n place_n small_a hazel_n rail_n about_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o up_o and_o thy'l_n be_v seed_n in_o june_n if_o you_o can_v preserve_v they_o from_o bird_n which_o be_v do_v by_o place_v a_o live_v catling_n tie_v near_o iâ—_n daily_o feed_v with_o milk_n and_o the_o old_a one_o resort_v to_o it_o if_o you_o set_v not_o these_o turnip_n till_o january_n the_o seed_n produce_v a_o watery_a but_o large_a turnip_n take_v up_o carrot_n parsnip_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v keep_v in_o cellar_n in_o sand_n for_o spend_v december_n prune_n and_o nail_n wall-fruit_n and_o standard-tree_n and_o plant_v vine_n etc._n etc._n also_o stock_n for_o graft_v sow_n and_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o kernel_n seed_n and_o stone_n trench_n ground_n and_o dung_n it_o to_o be_v ready_a for_o bordure_n or_o plant_v of_o fruit-tree_n turn_v and_o refresh_v your_o autumnal_a fruit_n lest_o they_o taint_v and_o open_v the_o window_n where_o they_o lie_v in_o a_o clear_a and_o serene_a day_n preserve_v your_o fruit_n from_o frost_n let_v planter_n note_v that_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o pear-tree_n plum-tree_n black-cherry-tree_n walnut-tree_n and_o chesnut-tree_n be_v excellent_a for_o stool_n chair_n table_n cabinet_n and_o many_o other_o work_v for_o the_o joiner_n and_o sculptor_n and_o though_o the_o wood_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o worm_n and_o putrefaction_n that_o may_v be_v both_o prevent_v and_o cure_v if_o not_o too_o far_o go_v by_o anoint_v three_o or_o four_o time_n with_o linseed_n oil_n it_o have_v be_v experiment_a in_o a_o walnut_n table_n where_o it_o destroy_v million_o of_o worm_n immediate_o and_o be_v to_o be_v practtise_v for_o table_n tube_n box_n mathematical_a instrument_n bedsted_n chair_n rarity_n etc._n etc._n oil_n of_o walnut_n will_v do_v the_o same_o be_v sweet_a and_o a_o better_a varnish_n but_o above_o all_o be_v commend_v oil_n of_o cedar_n or_o that_o of_o juniper_n but_o the_o more_o curious_a may_v use_v this_o great_a secret_n discover_v by_o mr._n evelin_n page_n 70_o of_o his_o sylva_n viz._n put_v common_a yellow_a sulphur_n into_o a_o cucurbit_n glass_n upon_o which_o pour_v so_o much_o of_o the_o strong_a aqua_n fortis_fw-la as_o may_v cover_v it_o three_o finger_n deep_a distil_v this_o to_o dryness_n which_o be_v do_v by_o two_o or_o three_o rectification_n let_v the_o sulphur_n remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n be_v of_o a_o blackish_a or_o sad_a red_a colour_n be_v lay_v on_o a_o marble_n or_o put_v into_o a_o glass_n where_o it_o will_v easy_o dissolve_v into_o oil_n with_o this_o anoint_v either_o what_o be_v infect_v or_o to_o be_v preserve_v of_o timber_n it_o tinge_v wood_n with_o no_o unpleasant_a colour_n by_o no_o art_n to_o be_v wash_v out_o and_o such_o a_o preservation_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o wood_n nay_o of_o many_o other_o thing_n as_o rope_n cable_n fishing-net_n mast_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o defend_v they_o from_o putrefaction_n either_o in_o water_n under_o or_o above_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o snow_n ice_n air_n winter_n or_o summer_n etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la addenda_fw-la 1._o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n shall_v have_v be_v add_v the_o follow_v viz._n and_o when_o stock_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o seminary_n into_o the_o nursery_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v sure_a to_o cut_v off_o as_o well_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o down_o right_a tap_n or_o heart-root_n of_o stock_n as_o also_o the_o end_n of_o all_o other_o root_n and_o then_o to_o set_v they_o as_o shallow_a as_o possible_a so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o take_v good_a root_n 2._o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 6_o sect._n in_o chap._n second_o this_o shall_v have_v be_v add_v viz._n be_v sure_a therefore_o to_o let_v your_o stock_n for_o pear_n and_o apple_n be_v well_o grow_v before_o they_o be_v graft_v that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v strong_a and_o tall_a shoot_v the_o first_o year_n after_o graft_v for_o if_o graft_v the_o same_o year_n they_o be_v remove_v or_o the_o next_o year_n not_o one_o of_o many_o make_v a_o good_a tree_n beside_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n as_o pearmains_n winter-queenings_a and_o july-flower-apple_n etc._n etc._n that_o will_v not_o make_v a_o tree_n worth_a your_o labour_n unless_o graft_v on_o a_o lusty_a plump_a stock_n because_o they_o natural_o shoot_v weak_a and_o crooked_a so_o divers_a sort_n of_o pear_n of_o which_o the_o warden_n be_v the_o worst_a to_o make_v a_o handsome_a tree_n of_o 3._o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o sect._n in_o chap._n seven_o the_o follow_a shall_v have_v be_v add_v viz._n and_o indeed_o all_o land_n proper_a for_o corn_n as_o wheat_n barley_n rye_n bean_n and_o piece_n be_v proper_a for_o fruit-tree_n but_o the_o most_o improper_a be_v extreme_a hot_a and_o dry_a sand_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n ground_n very_o wet_a and_o cold_a 4._o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o chap._n page_n 86_o the_o follow_a sect._n shall_v have_v be_v add_v viz._n §_o 23._o after_o your_o tree_n be_v transplant_v into_o orchard_n the_o great_a care_n and_o charge_n be_v to_o keep_v they_o safe_a from_o be_v abuse_v either_o by_o weed_n that_o may_v grow_v about_o they_o sucker_n that_o may_v grow_v out_o of_o they_o between_o the_o root_n and_o spread_a bough_n and_o from_o all_o cattle_n hare_n coney_n and_o canker_n for_o which_o some_o affirm_v hogs-dung_n either_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o lay_v on_o the_o top_n about_o the_o stem_n to_o be_v a_o excellent_a remedy_n and_o in_o case_n where_o they_o be_v dig_v or_o plough_v about_o the_o root_n your_o tree_n will_v thrive_v much_o better_a and_o grow_v twice_o as_o fast_o 5._o in_o page_n 99_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o sect._n the_o follow_a shall_v have_v be_v add_v viz._n observe_v in_o set_v fruit-tree_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o downright_a tap_n or_o heart-root_n and_o also_o the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o other_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o let_v not_o the_o top_n of_o the_o uppermost_a root_n be_v above_o two_o inch_n under_o the_o surface_n and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o root_n not_o more_o than_o nine_o or_o ten_o inch_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o the_o hole_n the_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o be_v dig_v deep_a and_o fill_v up_o again_o with_o good_a earth_n before_o the_o tree_n be_v plant_v unless_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o well_o tread_v down_o the_o tree_n and_o all_o will_v sink_v together_o and_o never_o prosper_v therefore_o in_o such_o a_o case_n '_o it_o be_v best_o to_o set_v the_o tree_n so_o shallow_a as_o to_o raise_v the_o earth_n six_o or_o seven_o inch_n above_o the_o root_n about_o the_o stem_n and_o to_o cover_v the_o uppermost_a root_n with_o good_a earth_n to_o prevent_v that_o misfortune_n 6._o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o line_n in_o page_n 163_o the_o follow_a shall_v have_v be_v add_v viz._n you_o may_v also_o obtain_v many_o excellent_a set_v of_o curran_n and_o goosberry_n if_o in_o january_n or_o beginning_n of_o february_n when_o the_o weather_n be_v open_a you_o lay_v down_o several_a limb_n and_o twig_n of_o they_o flat_a and_o close_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o keep_v they_o down_o by_o a_o hook_a stick_n drive_v into_o the_o earth_n or_o a_o brick_n stove_n then_o cover_v every_o limb_n and_o twigg_n so_o lay_v down_o all_o along_o two_o inch_n thick_a with_o good_a earth_n except_o the_o top_n