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ground_n body_n year_n young_a 46 3 5.5709 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A26232 Observations upon some part of Sr Francis Bacon's Naturall history as it concernes fruit-trees, fruits, and flowers especially the fifth, sixth, and seaventh centuries, improving the experiments mentioned, to the best advantage / by R.A. Austen, practiser in the art of planting. Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.; Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. Sylva sylvarum. 1658 (1658) Wing A4234; ESTC R13917 44,554 57

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and_o fruit_n it_o be_v turn_v into_o that_o body_n and_o substance_n which_o we_o see_v above_o ground_n and_o none_o at_o all_o descend_v at_o any_o time_n for_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n and_o therefore_o no_o such_o effect_n sap_n be_v continual_o asscend_v all_o the_o year_n long_o more_o or_o less_o either_o for_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o in_o life_n and_o in_o all_o its_o dimension●_n for_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a extraction_n of_o sap_n out_o of_o the_o body_n bough_n and_o branch_n by_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n as_o this_o au●hour_n elsewhere_o assert_n and_o which_o experience_n prove_v now_o if_o there_o be_v at_o any_o time_n a_o descension_n also_o what_o then_o will_v become_v of_o the_o tree_n it_o will_v q●ickly_o wither_v be_v cont●acted_v and_o shrink_v apparent_o whosoever_o be_v unsatisfy_v with_o what_o be_v here_o say_v against_o descension_n of_o sap_n in_o tree_n may_v see_v hereof_o more_o large_o many_o argument_n against_o it_o in_o my_o treatise_n of_o fruit-trees●_n pag._n 100.101.102_o etc._n etc._n if_o tree_n bear_v not_o bear_v a_o hole_n through_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tree_n 428._o and_o it_o will_v bear_v perhaps_o this_o course_n may_v do_v some_o good_a in_o let_v out_o superfluous_a sap_n observation_n if_o too_o much_o repletion_n be_v the_o cause_n but_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o cause_n of_o barrenness_n of_o fruit-tree_n as_o too_o deep_a set_n the_o root_n run_v down_o into_o gravel_n clay_n water_n etc._n etc._n which_o must_v have_v answerable_a remedy_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o all_o the_o culture_n in_o the_o world_n use_v to_o the_o root_n and_o body_n will_v not_o help_v without_o engraft_v the_o branch_n with_o graft_n of_o some_o good_a bear_v kind_n which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n i_o know_v to_o have_v store_n of_o good_a fruit_n and_o speedy_o too_o from_o barren_a tree_n 429._o to_o make_v tree_n 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they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o year_n grow●h_n and_o some_o soon_o do_v all_o bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n until_o they_o be_v extreme_a old_a and_o in_o a_o decay_a die_a condi●ion_n and_o therefore_o in_o plant_v of_o fruit-tree_n be_v sure_a to_o procure_v those_o kind_n that_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v good_a bearer_n and_o good_a fruit_n and_o such_o will_v bear_v well_o both_o when_o they_o be_v young_a and_o when_o they_o be_v old_a until_o extreme_a age_n be_v i_o to_o plant_v a_o orchard_n or_o garden_n of_o fruit-tree_n and_o may_v have_v tree_n at_o hand_n free_o for_o nothing_o of_o indifferent_a common_a kind_n a●d_fw-mi but_o ind●fferent_a beare●s_n i_o will_v rather_o ch●●e_n to_o fetch_v ●hose_v tha●_z be_v choice_a kind_n and_o special_a bearer_n one_o hundred_o or_o two_o hundred_o mile_n if_o they_o can_v not_o be_v have_v near_o and_o there_o pay_v dear_a for_o they_o too_o beside_o all_o other_o charge_n then_o take_v those_o at_o hand_n for_o when_o 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body_n h●ving_v young_a head_n which_o draw_v sap_n vigorous_o will_v be_v much_o refresh_v thereby_o and_o such_o tree_n will_v bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n many_o year_n after_o ●53_n the_o ro●ts_v of_o tree_n do_v some_o of_o they_o put_v down●-wards_n deep_a into_o the_o ground_n as_o the_o oak_n pine_n fi●re_n and_o c●_z some_o spread_v more_o towards_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o ash_n cypress-tree_n olive_n etc._n etc._n the_o ca●se_n of_o this_o l●●●r_n may_v be_v for_o that_o such_o tree_n as_o lov●_z the_o sun_n do_v not_o willi●gly_o d●scend_v far_o into_o the_o earth_n observation_n it_o be_v true_a the_o root_n of_o oak●_z tree_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n shoot_v d●wne_v deep_o into_o the_o earth_n than_o ash-tree_n and_o some_o other_o ●●ees_n may_v
to_o make_v rose_n come_v late_o first_o cut_v they_o after_o bear_v 413._o this_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n as_o to_o some_o rosetree_n observation_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v old_a i_o have_v know_v some_o of_o long_o stand_v perhaps_o a_o dozen_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n and_o some_o of_o seven_o or_o eight_o yea●es_n cut_v new_o after_o bear_v have_v bear_v rose_n again_o a_o sec●nd_v time_n late_o in_o the_o year_n be_v cut_v the_o next_o full_a moon_n after_o they_o have_v do_v bear_v but_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n i_o have_v among_o many_o other_o k●nds_n which_o natural_o bear_v a_o second_o time_n although_o the_o tree_n be_v but_o small_a and_o young_a beside_o the_o rose_n call_v the_o monthly_a rose_n 414._o second_o pull_v off_o the_o bud_n of_o the_o rose_n that_o first_o spring_n forth_o ob●ervation_n i_o have_v try_v this_o second_o way_n which_o succeed_v not_o it_o may_v be_v because_o the_o tree_n be_v young_a but_o one_o affirm_v he_o pluck_v off_o some_o bud_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o tree_n bear_v rose_n in_o november_n 415._o three_o cut_v top_n bough_n in_o the_o spring_n observation_n this_o have_v b●en_v try_v also_o but_o be_v ineffectual_a but_o the_o trial_n be_v upon_o young_a tree_n as_o for_o the_o report_n that_o follow_v in_o this_o experim●nt_fw-la of_o scion_n perish_v if_o the_o old_a top_n bough_n be_v cut_v off●_z it_o be_v otherw●se_v for_o it_o be_v a_o common_a experiment_n to_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o bough_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o to_o graft_v they_o and_o the_o graft_n will_v not_o only_o not_o perish_v but_o grow_v the_o better_a therefore_o as_o have_v all_o the_o s●p_n to_o themselves_o which_o natural_o rise_v the_o sun_n also_o draw_v it_o up_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o top_n bough_n leave_v as_o continual_a experience_n sh●wes_v 416._o four_o lay_v the_o root_n bare_a about_o the_o end_n of_o december_n observation_n m●ny_fw-mi hundred●_z of_o tree_n be_v thus_o bare_v yet_o i_o find_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o in_o the_o late_a bud_a or_o bear_v of_o such_o tree_n from_o other_o 417._o five_o remove_v the_o tree_n some_o month_n before_o it_o bud_v observation_n this_o have_v be_v do_v but_o the_o tree_n be_v remove_v so_o unseasonable_o too_o late_a they_o grow_v poor_o so_o the_o end_n be_v not_o attain_v 4●8_n six_o graft_a rose_n in_o may_n observation_n i_o know_v a_o ingenious_a ge●tleman_n that_o try_v this_o experiment●_n inoculate_v bud_n in_o the_o spring_n which_o bud_v for_o rose_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n do_v which_o bud_v be_v cut_v off_o they_o bear_v rose_n afterwards_o the_o same_o year_n when_o other_o be_v go_v seaventh_o 419._o gird_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n with_o some_o packthread_n this_o will_v not_o do_v it_o neither_o observation_n we_o see_v common_o that_o graft_v tie_v straight_o with_o strong_a flag_n and_o some_o branch_n of_o wall-tree_n nail_v straight_o to_o the_o wall_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v the_o bark_n dint_v in_o with_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o leather_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o sap_n rise_v plentiful_o through_o the_o place_n so_o gird_v up_o into_o the_o branch_n eight_o 420._o plant_v they_o in_o the_o shade_n i_o have_v know_v rosetree_n in_o a_o shady_a place_n observation_n which_o have_v not_o bear_v at_o all_o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o love_v the_o sun_n so_o that_o i_o suppose_v this_o experiment_n will_v not_o hold_v i_o have_v try_v it_o in_o one_o or_o too_o and_o it_o succeed_v not_o experiment_n touch_v the_o melioration_n of_o fruit_n tree_n and_o plant_n a_o heap_n of_o flint_n or_o stone_n lay_v about_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tree_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_v mak●s_v it_o prosper_v much_o 421._o stone_n lay_v to_o the_o root_n of_o fruit-tree_n observation_n when_o new_o set_v be_v a_o good_a experiment_n in_o some_o ground_n but_o not_o in_o all_o its_o true_a stone_n so_o lay_v keep_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n somewhat_o more_o moist_a and_o warm_a and_o steady_a that_o wind_n shake_v it_o not_o and_o so_o be_v profitable_a but_o there_o be_v danger_n in_o some_o ground_n le●t_v they_o harbor●ants_v or_o pismire_n about_o the_o tree_n root_n under_o the_o stone_n which_o i_o have_v see_v to_o the_o hurt_n and_o destruction_n of_o divers_a young_a tree_n but_o it_o be_v a_o s●fer_n and_o better_a way_n to_o lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o rot_a dung_n or_o litter_n straw_n etc._n etc._n round_o about_o the_o root_n of_o new_a set_a tree_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mould_n this_o keep_v they_o warm_a in_o winter_n and_o cool_v and_o moist_a in_o summer_n and_o steady_a and_o the_o moisture_n and_o fatness_n of_o the_o muck_n soak_v down_o to_o the_o root_n and_o refresh_v the_o tree_n very_o much_o or_o for_o want_v thereof_o lay_v a_o heap_n of_o weed_n round_o about_o the_o new_a set_v t●ee_v root●_n and_o so_o all_o the_o next_o summer_n after_o these_o thing_n be_v special_a advantage_n to_o new_a set_a t●ees_n 423._o a_o tr●e_n at_o first_o set_n shall_v not_o be_v shake_v but_o a●ter_v a_o year_n ro●ti●g_o th●n_v s●aking_v be_v good_a observation_n when_o y●ung_a tree_n be_v first_o plant_v it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o set_v a_o st●ke_a to_o each_o of_o they_o and_o tie_v they_o together_o with_o a_o hay_n band_n or_o some_o ●o●t_v band_n that_o wind_n shake_v they_o not_o and_o this_o not_o for_o a_o year_n only_o but_o divers_a year_n until_o the_o young_a tree_n be_v we●l_n root_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o be_v grow_v strong_a that_o the_o wind_n ●ow_n not_o their_o bodie●_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o grow_v crooked_a which_o fault_n i_o have_v see_v in_o very_o many_o tree_n 4●4_a cut_v away_o sucker_n and_o side_n bough_n make_v tree_n grow_v high_a obs●●vation_n all_o sucker_n must_v be_v cut_v away_o from_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o as_o for_o side_n branch_n those_o may_v be_v cut_v as_o man_n be_v mind_v to_o have_v their_o tree_n to_o spread_v near_o or_o high●r_v from_o the_o ground_n but_o cu●_z not_o the_o side_n branch_n too_o soon_o before_o the_o body_n be_v grow_v stro●g_o enough_o to_o bear_v the_o head_n else_o it_o will_v be_v top_n heavy_a and_o g●ow_o crooked_a 4●●_z to_o have_v many_o new_a root_n of_o fruit-tree_n lay_v the_o branch_n in_o the_o g●ound_n etc._n etc._n observation_n the_o branch●s_v of_o all_o kind_n of_o tree_n will_v not_o take_v root_n thus_o thi●_z way_n of_o p●opagation_n be_v only_o for_o some_o kind_n as_o mulberry_n fig●_z vine●_n q●o●li●gs_n nurs-garden_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o t●ee●_n who_o branc●●s_n be_v sof●_z and_o porous_a as_o for_o apricot_n p●aches_n and_o such_o like_a they_o will_v not_o take_v root_n thus_o i_o have_v try_v but_o not_o one_o root_n can_v be_v get_v neither_o will_v they_o take_v w●●h_a graft●ng_n i_o have_v try_v many_o the_o way_n to_o propagate_v these_o kind●_z be_v by_o inocula●ing_n bu●s_fw-la upon_o young_a stock_n full_a of_o ●ap_n 4●7_n from_o may_n to_o july_n you_o may_v take_v off_o the_o bark_n of_o any_o bough_n etc._n etc._n and_o set_v it_o and_o it_o will_v grow_v to_o be_v a_o fair_a tree_n in_o one_o year_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v for_o that_o the_o bare_n from_o the_o bark_n keep_v the_o sap_n from_o descend_v towards_o winter_n it_o be_v true_a observation_n that_o the_o bough_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n will_v take_v root_n in_o this_o manner_n as_o be_v here_o express_v that_o be_v such_o kind_n as_o will_v take_v root_n with_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o ground_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o experiment_n which_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o set_v may_v grow_v to_o be_v a_o f●ire_a tree_n in_o certain_a year_n not_o in_o one_o year_n as_o be_v say_v for_o the_o root_n get_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v but_o small_a and_o very_o disproportionable_a to_o the_o bough_n so_o that_o it_o can_v come_v on_o but_o very_o poor_o and_o slow_o for_o divers_a year_n as_o for_o the_o bare_n from_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o keep_v sap_n from_o descend_v towards_o winter_n i_o say_v the_o sap_n be_v as_o far_o from_o descend_v when_o the_o bark_n be_v on_o as_o when_o it_o be_v off_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n as_o descension_n of_o sap_n in_o any_o tree_n whatsoever_o this_o worthy_a author_n take_v this_o upon_o trust_n according_a to_o the_o general_a opinion_n of_o man_n for_o have_v he_o but_o stay_v a_o little_a to_o consider_v it_o he_o will_v have_v find_v it_o groundless_a and_o a_o mere_a conceit_n for_o all_o the_o sap_n that_o asscend_v into_o the_o body_n and_o bran●hes_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v change_v into_o wood_n bark_n bud_n blossom_n leaf_n
of_o culture_n degenerate_a to_o be_v base_a in_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o sometim●s_v to_o change_v into_o another_o kind_n 1._o by_o stand_v long_o unremoved_a plant_n 2._o by_o drought_n and_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o by_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o earth_n remove_v plant_n into_o worse_a mould_n or_o forbear_v to_o renew_v and_o help_v the_o ground_n with_o dung_n or_o fresh_a mould_n observation_n it_o have_v be_v (a)_o 506._o say_v that_o violet_n and_o some_o other_o flower_n will_v change_v from_o double_a to_o single_a or_o change_v in_o colour_n when_o the_o mould_n wherein_o they_o grow_v become_v barren_a and_o hartl●sse_n through_o neglect_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o all_o the_o three_o particular_n mention_v in_o the_o experiment_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o some_o fresh_a mould_n from_o year_n to_o year_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o flower_n in_o their_o perfection_n see_v hereof_o at_o large_a experiment_n 506._o and_o 510._o 519._o whatsoever_o fruit_n use_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o a_o root_n or_o slip_v if_o it_o be_v sow_v will_v d●generate_v and_o most_o of_o those_o fruit_n that_o use_v to_o be_v graft_v if_o they_o be_v set_v of_o kernel_n or_o stone_n degenerate_a it_o be_v true_a that_o peach_n do_v better_a upon_o stone_n set_v then_o upon_o graft_v and_o the_o rule_n of_o exception_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o whatsoever_o plant_n require_v much_o moisture_n prosper_v better_a upon_o the_o stone_n or_o kernel_n then_o upon_o the_o graft_n for_o the_o stock_n though_o it_o give_v a_o fine_a nourishment_n yet_o it_o give_v a_o scant_a than_o the_o earth_n at_o large_a observation_n the_o reason_n why_o fruit_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n do_v degenerate_a for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o become_v worse_o than_o the_o fruit_n out_o of_o which_o the_o seed_n be_v take_v i_o conceive_v to_o be_v this_o fruit_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n do_v partake_v both_o of_o the_o graft_n and_o of_o the_o stock_n of_o that_o tree_n from_o which_o they_o be_v take_v so_o that_o although_o the_o graft_n be_v of_o a_o special_a good_a and_o choice_a kind_n yet_o the_o stock_n whereon_o it_o be_v engraft_v be_v a_o crabtree_n or_o some_o other_o wild_a kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n the_o seed_n participate_v of_o both_o graft_n and_o stock_n and_o so_o bring_v forth_o a_o mongrel_n fruit_n between_o they_o both_o for_o although_o graft_n govern_v as_o have_v be_v say_v and_o may_v be_v say_v to_o bring_v forth_o the_o same_o kind_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o stock_n have_v some_o influence_n into_o the_o fruit_n according_a to_o the_o goodn●sse_n or_o badness_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o now_o in_o case_n the_o tree_n from_o which_o seed_n or_o stone_n be_v take_v be_v a_o ungraft_a tree_n one_o that_o come_v of_o seed_n itself_o than_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o the_o seed_n of_o that_o tree_n will_v bring_v forth_o the_o very_a same_o kind_n again_o without_o any_o alteration_n as_o to_o that_o the_o author_n say_v concerning_o peach_n that_o they_o come_v better_o of_o stone_n then_o graft_v i_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o this_o for_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o peach_n will_v come_v good_a of_o seed_n yet_o doubtless_o not_o better_a then_o by_o inoculate_v they_o take_v not_o with_o graft_a for_o we_o see_v by_o constant_a experience_n that_o peach_n bud_v set_v upon_o good_a stock_n will_v bring_v forth_o the_o very_a sam●_z as_o the_o tree_n from_o which_o they_o be_v cut_v if_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o culture_n and_o order_v be_v the_o same_o or_o as_o good_a and_o as_o for_o some_o that_o have_v come_v of_o stone_n i_o have_v observe_v they_o have_v be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a many_o that_o have_v come_v of_o stone_n have_v be_v stark_o nought_o though_o some_o have_v be_v good_a and_o why_o peach_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o fruit_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o come_v better_a of_o stone_n or_o s●eds_o then_o by_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v i_o apprehend_v not_o any_o reason_n as_o for_o that_o which_o be_v give_v that_o the_o stock_n give_v a_o scant_a nourishment_n than_o the_o earth_n at_o large_a let_v it_o be_v consider_v the_o twig_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o peach_n tree_n or_o any_o other_o tree_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n they_o receive_v sap_n and_o nourishment_n from_o a_o stem_n or_o body_n and_o root_n as_o w●ll_v as_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v engraft_v the_o twig_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o engraft_a tree_n have_v as_o free_a and_o full_a nourishment_n without_o any_o obstruction_n as_o the_o branch_n of_o a●ungrafted_a tree_n the_o branch_n of_o a_o graft_a tree_n have_v no_o fine_a nourishment_n no●scanter_n than_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o ungraft_v tr●●_z for_o we_o know_v the_o root_n and_o body_n of_o a_o graf●ed_a tree_n and_o of_o a_o ungraft_a tree_n be_v alike_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o free_a to_o the_o one_o as_o to_o the_o other_o it_o be_v reported●_z 534._o that_o a_o good_a strong_a canvas_n spread_v over_o a_o tree_n graft_v low_o soon_o after_o it_o put_v forth_o will_v dwarf_n it_o and_o make_v it_o spread_v tree_n the_o cause_n be_v plain_a for_o that_o all_o thing_n grow_v as_o they_o find_v room_n observation_n it_o be_v true_a as_o be_v say_v that_o cloth_n sometime_o spread_v over_o a_o tree_n graft_v low_a and_o suffer_v to_o lie_v on_o for_o a_o time_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o spread_v much_o and_o that_o this_o may_v be_v improve_v for_o our_o use_n and_o benefit_n this_o may_v be_v do_v to_o plant_v some_o few_o cherry_n tree_n plum_n tree_n or_o other_o kind_n graft_v low_o and_o cause_v to_o spread_v much_o and_o keep_v from_o rise_v up_o by_o this_o mean_n keep_v the_o earth_n bare_a clean_o from_o weed_n grass_n or_o any_o thing_n grow_v under_o or_o about_o they_o such_o tree_n if_o they_o be_v good_a kind_n will_v bear_v much_o and_o fair_a fruit_n then_o high_a tree_n the_o reflection_n of_o heat_n from_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v almost_o as_o strong_a as_o from_o a_o wall_n and_o the_o fruit_n may_v be_v keep_v long_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n even_o till_o after_o september_n or_o october_n for_o if_o a_o cloth_n be_v sometime_o in_o hot_a weather_n spread_v over_o they_o and_o moisten_v it_o will_v keep_v the_o fruit_n from_o ripen_v too_o soon_o yet_o shade_n they_o not_o too_o much_o lest_o they_o come_v not_o to_o full_a ripeness_n afterwards_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a some_o old_a canvas_n haircloth_n or_o such_o like_a may_v be_v spread_v over_o they_o to_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n from_o bird_n and_o may_v be_v so_o keep_v long_o look_v that_o snail_n eat_v they_o not_o or_o else_o a_o net_n may_v be_v spread_v over_o such_o tree_n to_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n i_o have_v know_v fair_a cherry_n upon_o tree_n towards_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n i_o conceive_v the_o great_a bear_a cherry_n or_o other_o late_a ripe_a tart_a cherry_n to_o be_v the_o best_a to_o keep_v long_o in_o this_o manner_n such_o be_v more_o hardy_a than_o other_o kind_n cherry_n very_o late_o be_v as_o great_a rarity_n as_o those_o that_o be_v early_o 535._o tree_n be_v general_o set_v of_o root_n or_o kernel_n but_o if_o you_o set_v they_o of_o slip_n as_o the_o mulberry_n etc._n etc._n they_o will_v grow_v and_o those_o as_o be_v report_v will_v be_v dwarf_n tree_n the_o cause_n be_v for_o that_o the_o slip_n draw_v nourishment_n more_o weak_o then_o either_o a_o root_n or_o kernel_n observation_n mulberry-tree_n slip_v and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v of_o slip_n may_v be_v make_v dwarf_n tree_n if_o we_o will_v order_v they_o according_o that_o be_v if_o we_o suffer_v all_o the_o side_n branch_n to_o grow_v or_o such_o slip_n take_v root_n may_v be_v make_v high_a tree_n in_o time_n if_o we_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n branch_n and_o preserve_v only_o the_o middle_n straight_o shoot_v but_o indeed_o at_o first_o for_o certain_a year_n they_o must_v needs_o be_v dwarf_n tree_n until_o they_o can_v rise_v high_o which_o in_o time_n they_o will_v do_v if_o they_o take_v root_n well_o and_o the_o ground_n be_v good_a 544._o in_o clay_n ground_n all_o fruit-tree_n grow_v full_a of_o moss_n both_o upon_o body_n and_o bough_n which_o be_v cause_v partly_o by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n whereby_o the_o plant_n nourish_v less_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o toughness_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o the_o sap_n be_v shut_v in_o etc._n etc._n we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o tree_n grow_v upon_o cold_a observation_n and_o moist_a ground_n or_o clay_n grau●ll_v barr●n_a ground_n do_v general_o breed_v moss●_n which_o be_v cause_v as_o the_o
not_o the_o r●ason_n be_v why_o some_o put_v their_o root_n de●per_n than_o other_o b●c●●se_v those_o tree_n have_v gr●ater_a and_o large_a body_n than_o other_o a●d_fw-mi nature_n lay_v the_o foundation_n answerable_a to_o what_o be_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o it_o now_o o●kes_v be_v the_o great_a tree_n nature_n be_v wise_a enough_o acco●ding_v to_o a_o law_n god_n ha●h_v put_v into_o it_o to_o make_v the_o root_n or_o foundation_n answerable_a o●he●wise_o i_o conceive_v the_o root_n of_o all_o tree_n will_v be_v as_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o groun●_n as_o may_v be_v as_o love_v the_o sun_n as_o have_v a_o absolute_a need_n of_o it_o in_o order_n to_o their_o growth_n and_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o appetite_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o all_o ●●ees_n whatsoever_o one_o as_o well_o as_o another_o be_v upward_o and_o not_o downward_o and_o never_o exert_v itself_o down●-wards_n but_o upon_o necessity_n and_o in_o order_n or_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n above_o ground_n 654._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o branch_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v unbark_v some_o space_n at_o the_o bo●tome_n and_o so_o set_v into_o the_o ground_n even_o of_o such_o tree_n as_o if_o the_o bark_n be_v set_v on_o they_o will_v not_o grow_v yet_o contrariwise_o we_o see_v that_o a_o tree_n ●ared_v round_o in_o the_o body_n above_o gr●und_n will_v die_v the_o cause_n may_v be_v for_o that_o the_o unbarkt_a part_n draw_v the_o nourishment_n best_o but_o the_o bark_n continue_v it_o only_o it_o be_v true●some_a branch_n that_o be_v unbark_v at_o the_o bottom_n observation_n and_o set_v in_o the_o ground_n will_v grow_v of_o some_o kind_n of_o appletree_n as_o the_o quodling_n nursgarden_n moyse_n and_o some_o other_o kind_n that_o have_v soft_a barks●_n not_o because_o not_o i_o suppose_v the_o soon_o for_o that_o the_o branch_n be_v unbark_v for_o such_o will_v grow_v of_o cutting●_n or_o slip_n though_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o unbark_v and_o those_o that_o be_v unbark_v and_o grow_v it_o be_v not_o the_o unbark_v par●_z that_o draw_v nourish_v ne●t_o best_o nor_o th●t_z draw_v it_o at_o all_o but_o the_o root_n put_v forth_o from_o the_o bark_n even_o at_o the_o very_a edge_n of_o the_o cut_a part_n and_o also_o some_o break_n out_o of_o the_o bark_n where_o it_o be_v not_o cut_v as_o we_o see_v in_o those_o branch_n of_o tree_n from_o which_o we_o get_v root_n while_o they_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n by_o disb●●king_v of_o they_o a_o inch_n round_o and_o tie_v mould_n about_o see_v how_o at_o large_a treatis●_z of_o fruit-tree_n p._n 136._o the_o graft_n of_o vine_n upon_o vine_n as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n 668._o the_o ancient_n have_v it_o and_o that_o th●ee_v way_n the_o first_o be_v insition_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o graft_v the_o second_o be_v terebra●ion_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o stocke●_n and_o put_v in_o the_o scion_n there_o and_o the_o three_o be_v p●ring_v of_o two_o vine_n that_o grow_v together_o to_o the_o marrow_n and_o bind_v they_o close_o i_o have_v try_v several_a way_n to_o graft_v vine_n observation_n by_o cleve_v or_o insition_n as_o the_o author_n call_v it_o and_o also_o by_o pari●g_n two_o vine_n the_o stock_n and_o graft_n on_o two_o side_n which_o be_v my_o usual_a and_o best_a way_n of_o graft_v other_o fruit-tree_n but_o neither_o take_v effect_n so_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v those_o fruit-tree_n that_o be_v so_o easy_o propagate_v by_o other_o mean_n as_o by_o lay_v down_o the_o branch_n into_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o cut_n that_o these_o will_v not_o take_v with_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v as_o vine_n mulberry_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v try_v many_o experiment_n about_o mu●berries_n both_o for_o graft_v and_o inoculate_v ●pon_o several_a kind_n of_o stock●_z and_o yet_o none_o succeed_v but_o mulberry_n be_v increase_v by_o lay_v down_o the_o branch_n and_o by_o cut_v as_o vine_n be_v so_o that_o i_o conceive_v this_o graft_n mention_v by_o some_o ancient_a author_n be_v but_o a_o conceit_n of_o they_o experim●_z a_o graft_n in_o the_o brain_n instead_o of_o a_o real_a exp●riment_n like_o multitude_n of_o other_o thing_n record_v by_o some_o who_o its_o probable_a by_o what_o they_o say_v have_v no_o experimental_a knowledge_n in_o the_o thing_n they_o speak_v as_o for_o ma●uration_n of_o fruit_n 316._o it_o be_v effect_v by_o heat_n motion_n attract●on_n and_o by_o a_o rudiment_n of_o putrefaction_n for_o the_o inception_n of_o putrefaction_n have_v in_o it_o a_o maturation_n concerning_o the_o maturation_n or_o speedy_a ripe●ing_n or_o concoct_v of_o observation_n fruit_n all_o kind_n of_o heat_n as_o the_o author_n say_v hasten_v it_o fast_o or_o slow_a according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n apple_n or_o pear_n lay_v upon_o a_o heap_n together_o be_v new_o gather_v they_o m●llow_v and_o rip●n_n fast_o than_o if_o they_o lie_v single_a at_o distance_n one_o f●om_n another_o al●o_fw-la apple_n cover_v in_o lime_n hay●_z straw_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v m●ll●w_o in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o the_o most_o speedy_a way_n to_o ripen_v hard_a fruit_n and_o to_o abate_v the_o gross_a tartness_n of_o they_o be_v the_o common_a experiment_n by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n before_o the_o fire_n or_o in_o a_o oven_n after_o bread_n be_v draw_v so_o we_o see_v as_o the_o a●thor_n obse●ves_v if_o fruit_n be_v eat_v with_o wasp_n hornet_n bird●_z etc._n etc._n some_o part_n of_o they_o the_o rest_n sweeten_v and_o rip●n_n soon_o putrefaction_n beg●nning_n and_o hasten_v by_o reason_n of_o solution_n of_o continuity_n in_o that_o part_n 343._o we_o see_v that_o beer_n or_o wine_n in_o bottle_n close_o stop_v last_v long_o and_o that_o fruit_n close_v in_o wax_n k●epe_v fresh_a and_o lik●wise_o body_n put_v in_o honey_n and_o flower_n keep_v more_o fresh_a observation_n it_o be_v true_a th●t_z liquor_n when_o they_o be_v well_o settle_v in_o the_o v●ss●ll_v after_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o after_o draw_v ou●_n into_o b●ttles_n and_o stop_v very_o close_o with_o cork_n and_o set_v in_o a_o c●ll●r_n or_o bury_v in_o sand_n such_o will_v be_v much_o more_o fresh_a and_o quick_a th●●_z th●●●me_n liquor_n in_o a_o gre●t_a vessel_n especial_o if_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v off_o and_o therefore_o this_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o keep_v cider_n perry_n white-wine_n or_o the_o like_a and_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n ●ogether_o as_o for_o fruit_n close_v in_o wax_n or_o put_v in_o honey_n i_o find_v that_o even_a cherry_n which_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o corruption_n ●hen_o many_o other_o k●nds_n of_o fruit_n will_v keep_v fresh_a many_o week_n together_o more_o than_o they_o will_v do_v of_o themselves_o in_o the_o open_a air_n exclusion_n of_o air_n preserve●_z they_o for_o a_o time_n but_o yet_o putre●ac●ion_n at_o length_n will_v work_v within_o because_o of_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n which_o h●d_fw-mi need_n of_o dry_v up_o i_o have_v try_v fruit_n in_o hon●y_n apricot_n plum_n cherry_n and_o they_o hold_v good_a two_o or_o three_o month_n a●terwards_o pu●re●action_n begin_v 378._o a_o bottle_n of_o beer_n bury_v four_o foot_n d●epe_v in_o the_o ground_n become_v more_o liu●ly_o better_a taste_v and_o clear●r_n than_o it_o was●_n and_o a_o bottle_n of_o wine_n in_o like_o manner_n a_o bottle_n of_o vinegar_n so_o bury_v come_v forth_o more_o lively_a and_o more_o ●doriferous_a smell_v almost_o like_o a_o vi●l●t_n after_o a_o month_n burial_n all_o the_o three_o come_v forth●_z as_o fresh_a and_o lively_a if_o not_o better_a than_o before_o observation_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o beer_n ale_n cider_n and_o wine_n when_o well_o settle_v and_o clear_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o draw_v off_o into_o bottle_n and_o well_o stop_v with_o cork_n and_o wax_n will_v continue_v fr●sh_n and_o good_a much_o long_o then_o in_o the_o vessel_n if_o the_o bottle_n be_v bury_v in_o sand_n as_o be_v say_v before_o or_o bury_v a_o yard_n or_o more_o in_o the_o ground_n the_o reason_n i_o conceive_v be_v for_o that_o as_o no_o air_n can_v possible_o penetrate_v so_o deep_a and_o through_o the_o bottle_n to_o the_o liquor_n nor_o can_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o least_o get_v out_o so_o neither_o can_v the_o liquor_n suffer_v any_o prejudice_n by_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n from_o heat_n to_o cold_a as_o it_o do_v in_o vessel_n above_o ground_n trial_n have_v be_v make_v with_o earthen_a bottle_n well_o stop_v 385._o hang_v in_o a_o well_o of_o twenty_o fathom_n deep_a at_o the_o least_o and_o some_o of_o the_o bottle_n have_v be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o water_n some_o other_o have_v hang_v above_o w●th●in_n about_o