Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	better_a	year_n	yield_v	60	3	6.8063	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67083	Systema agriculturæ, the mystery of husbandry discovered treating of the several new and most advantagious ways of tilling, planting, sowing, manuring, ordering, improving of all sorts of gardens, orchards, meadows, pastures, corn-lands, woods & coppices, as also of fruits, corn, grain, pulse, new-hays, cattle, fowl, beasts, bees, silk-worms, &c. : with an account of the several instruments and engines used in this profession : to which is added Kalendarium rusticum, or, The husbandmans monthly directions, also the prognosticks of dearth, scarcity, plenty, sickness, heat, cold, frost, snow, winds, rain, hail, thunder, &c. and Dictionarium rusticum, or, The interpretation of rustick terms, the whole work being of great use and advantage to all that delight in that most noble practice.	Worlidge, John, fl. 1660-1698.	1675 (1675)	Wing W3599; ESTC R225414	330,040	361

time_n for_o the_o soil_a of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-land_n soil_v time_n for_o soil_v be_v in_o the_o winter-season_n about_o january_n or_o february_n that_o the_o rain_n may_v wash_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n the_o fatness_n of_o the_o soil_n before_o the_o sun_n dry_v it_o away_o and_o dissolve_v the_o clot_n that_o may_v be_v spread_v with_o a_o bush_n draw_v over_o it_o like_o a_o harrow_n before_o the_o grass_n be_v too_o high_a ash_n of_o wood_n peat_n turf_n sea-coal_n or_o any_o other_o fuel_n be_v land_n soil_n for_o rushy_a and_o cold_a land_n very_o proper_a to_o be_v lay_v on_o cold_a spewey_n rushey_n and_o mossy_a land_n not_o sandy_a or_o hot_a and_o suit_v best_a therewith_o and_o agree_v with_o the_o husbandry_n of_o burn_v the_o turf_n as_o be_v before_o advise_v the_o dung_n of_o pigeon_n or_o any_o other_o fowl_n work_v a_o better_a effect_n on_o that_o than_o other_o land_n also_o all_o hot_a and_o sandy_a soil_n be_v fit_a for_o that_o sort_n of_o land_n lime_n chalk_n marle_n or_o any_o cold_a fossil_a soil_n be_v a_o extraordinary_a land_n for_o sandy_a or_o hot_a land_n improvement_n to_o dry_v sandy_a hot_a land_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n or_o temperature_n as_o well_o for_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n as_o for_o corn-land_n i_o have_v see_v much_o of_o the_o blue_a clay_n which_o they_o call_v vrry_v that_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o coal-mine_n and_o lie_v near_o the_o coal_n lay_v on_o meadow_n and_o pasture-land_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a advantage_n many_o instance_n of_o wonderful_a improvement_n make_v by_o mix_v of_o soil_n of_o contrary_a nature_n you_o may_v find_v in_o several_a of_o our_o modern_a rural_a author_n between_o these_o two_o extreme_n your_o ordinary_a dung_n or_o soil_n be_v best_a meadow_n for_o other_o meadow_n bestow_v on_o your_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n not_o so_o much_o incline_v either_o way_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a principal_a part_n of_o good_a husbandry_n to_o apply_v the_o soil_n or_o compost_n proper_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v whereof_o you_o may_v find_v more_o hereafter_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o soil_n dung_n etc._n etc._n sect_n iv_o of_o several_a new_a species_n of_o hay_n or_o grass_n it_o be_v find_v by_o daily_a experience_n not_o only_o in_o foreign_a part_n but_o in_o our_o own_o country_n that_o a_o very_a great_a improvement_n may_v be_v make_v on_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o land_n by_o alter_v the_o species_n of_o such_o vegetable_n that_o be_v natural_o produce_v total_o suppress_v the_o one_o and_o propagate_a another_o in_o its_o place_n which_o may_v rejoice_v and_o thrive_v better_o there_o than_o that_o before_o as_o we_o evident_o see_v by_o corn_n sow_v on_o land_n where_o hardly_o grass_n will_v have_v grow_v what_o a_o crop_n you_o reap_v but_o these_o be_v but_o annual_n that_o which_o raise_v the_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n be_v what_o annual_o yield_v its_o increase_n without_o a_o renovation_n of_o expense_n in_o plough_v and_o sow_v as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o clover-grass_n or_o great_a trefoyl_n st._n foyn_n or_o holy-hay_a la_fw-fr lucern_n spurrey-seed_n trefoyl_n none-such_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o apart_o this_o grass_n have_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o principal_a clover-grass_n of_o the_o clover-grass_n of_o grass_n both_o for_o the_o great_a improvement_n it_o bring_v by_o its_o prodigious_a burden_n and_o by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o grass_n or_o hay_n for_o food_n for_o cattle_n and_o be_v much_o sow_v and_o use_v in_o flanders_n and_o in_o holland_n precedent_n to_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o good_a husbandry_n in_o brabant_n they_o speak_v of_o keep_v four_o cow_n winter_n and_o summer_n on_o a_o acre_n some_o cut_n and_o lay_v up_o for_o fodder_n other_o cut_v and_o eat_v green_a here_o in_o england_n they_o say_v a_o acre_n have_v keep_v four_o coach-horse_n and_o more_o all_o summer_n long_o but_o if_o it_o keep_v but_o two_o cow_n it_o be_v advantage_n enough_o upon_o such_o land_n as_o never_o keep_v one_o you_o may_v mow_v the_o first_o crop_n in_o the_o midst_n or_o end_n of_o may_n and_o lay_v that_o up_o for_o hay_n if_o it_o grow_v not_o too_o strong_a it_o will_v be_v exceed_o good_a and_o rich_a and_o feed_v any_o thing_n then_o reserve_v the_o next_o for_o seed_n which_o may_v yield_v four_o bushel_n upon_o a_o acre_n each_o bushel_n be_v worth_a three_o or_o four_o pound_n a_o bushel_n which_o will_v amount_v to_o the_o repute_a value_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o pound_n per_fw-la acre_n and_o after_o that_o crop_n also_o it_o may_v be_v feed_v it_o have_v also_o this_o property_n that_o after_o the_o grow_v of_o the_o clover-grass_n three_o or_o four_o year_n it_o will_v so_o frame_v the_o earth_n that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o fit_a for_o corn_n again_o which_o will_v prove_v a_o very_a great_a advantage_n and_o then_o again_o for_o clover_n thus_o far_o mr._n improver_n english_a improver_n blithe_n other_o say_v it_o will_v last_v five_o year_n and_o then_o also_o yield_v three_o or_o four_o year_n together_o rich_a crop_n of_o wheat_n and_o after_o that_o a_o crop_n of_o oat_n in_o the_o annotation_n upon_o mr._n hartlib_n legacy_n we_o find_v several_a computation_n of_o the_o great_a advantage_n have_v be_v make_v by_o sow_v clover-grass_n as_o that_o a_o parcel_n of_o ground_n a_o little_a above_o two_o acre_n the_o second_o year_n do_v yield_v in_o may_n two_o load_v of_o hay_n worth_a five_o pound_n the_o next_o crop_n for_o seed_n be_v ripe_a in_o august_n and_o yield_v three_o very_a great_a load_v worth_a nine_o pound_n that_o year_n the_o seed_n be_v 300_o l._n which_o with_o the_o hay_n be_v value_v at_o thirty_o pound_n beside_o the_o after-pasture_n another_o precedent_n be_v that_o on_o four_o acre_n there_o grow_v twelve_o load_v of_o hay_n at_o twice_o mow_v and_o twenty_o bushel_n of_o seed_n one_o load_n of_o the_o hay_n mow_v in_o may_n be_v worth_a two_o load_v of_o the_o best_a of_o other_o hay_n and_o the_o after-pasture_n three_o time_n better_o than_o any_o other_o the_o four_o acre_n yield_v in_o one_o year_n fourscore_o pound_n another_o that_o six_o acre_n of_o clover_n do_v maintain_v for_o half_a a_o year_n thirteen_o cow_n ten_o ox_n three_o horse_n and_o twenty_o six_o hog_n which_o be_v value_v at_o forty_o pound_n beside_o the_o winter-herbage_n the_o aforesaid_a precedent_n and_o valuation_n seem_v prodigious_a unless_o clover-grass_n the_o best_a land_n for_o clover-grass_n a_o rich_a light_a land_n warm_a and_o dry_a be_v sow_o therewith_o in_o which_o it_o principal_o delight_v and_o than_o it_o may_v probable_o answer_v the_o say_a valuation_n and_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o very_a high_a improvement_n although_o the_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o profitable_a before_o it_o will_v also_o prosper_v and_o thrive_v on_o any_o corn-land_n well_o manure_v or_o soil_v and_o bring_v into_o perfect_a tillage_n old_a land_n be_v it_o course_n or_o rich_a long_o untilled_a be_v best_a for_o corn_n and_o best_a and_o most_o certain_a for_o clover-grass_n and_o when_o you_o have_v corn_v your_o land_n as_o much_o as_o you_o intend_v then_o to_o sow_v it_o with_o clover_n be_v the_o proper_a season_n land_n too_o rich_a for_o corn_n can_v be_v too_o rich_a for_o clover_n poor_a land_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o clover_n unless_o burn_v or_o denshire_v as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o direct_v or_o lime_v marled_a or_o otherwise_o manure_v and_o then_o will_v it_o bring_v forth_o good_a clover_n a_o acre_n of_o ground_n will_v take_v about_o ten_o pound_n of_o your_o clover-grass_n acre_n quantity_n of_o seed_n for_o a_o acre_n seed_n which_o be_v in_o measure_n somewhat_o above_o half_a a_o peck_n according_a to_o sir_n richard_n weston_n the_o quantity_n of_o seed_n for_o a_o acre_n mr._n blithe_n conceive_v will_v be_v a_o gallon_n or_o nine_o or_o ten_o pound_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o other_o but_o if_o it_o be_v husky_a which_o save_v labour_n in_o cleanse_v of_o it_o and_o also_o sow_n better_o by_o fill_v the_o hand_n than_o mix_v with_o any_o other_o thing_n you_o must_v endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o true_a proportion_n according_a to_o the_o cleanness_n or_o foulness_n you_o make_v it_o but_o be_v sure_a to_o sow_v enough_o rather_o too_o much_o than_o too_o little_a for_o the_o more_o there_o be_v the_o better_a it_o shadow_v the_o ground_n some_o have_v sow_v fifteen_o pound_n on_o a_o acre_n with_o good_a success_n ten_o pound_n some_o judge_n to_o be_v of_o the_o least_o however_o let_v the_o seed_n be_v new_a and_o of_o the_o best_a which_o the_o english_a be_v esteem_v to_o be_v the_o usual_a way_n be_v thus_o advise_v when_o you_o have_v fit_v your_o land_n clover-grass_n the_o

a_o bush_n or_o suchlike_a they_o be_v sow_o at_o two_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n with_o other_o the_o like_a kitchin-tillage_n and_o also_o about_o midsummer_n or_o after_o in_o the_o legacy_n harlib_n legacy_n field_n for_o the_o use_n of_o cattle_n or_o any_o other_o use_n in_o holland_n they_o slice_v their_o turnip_n with_o their_o top_n and_o rape-seed_n cake_n and_o grain_n etc._n etc._n and_o therewith_o make_v mash_n for_o the_o cow_n and_o give_v it_o they_o warm_a which_o the_o cow_n will_v eat_v like_o hog_n cow_n and_o swine_n also_o will_v eat_v they_o raw_a if_o they_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o diet_n by_o give_v the_o turnip_n first_o boil_a unto_o they_o and_o then_o only_o scald_v and_o afterward_o they_o will_v eat_v they_o raw_a it_o be_v also_o report_v that_o at_o roven_n they_o boil_v turnip_n with_o the_o leave_n on_o they_o till_o they_o be_v tender_a and_o add_v thereto_o wheaten-bran_n and_o of_o the_o cake_n of_o rape-seed_n or_o lin-seed_n all_o which_o have_v a_o singular_a faculty_n of_o fat_a cattle_n but_o for_o milch-beast_n they_o put_v less_o of_o the_o seed_n this_o they_o give_v twice_o a_o day_n and_o be_v the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o feed_v for_o the_o winter_n only_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a neglect_n and_o deficiency_n in_o our_o english_a husbandry_n that_o this_o particular_a piece_n be_v no_o more_o prosecute_v see_v that_o the_o land_n it_o require_v need_v not_o be_v very_o rich_a and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sow_o as_o a_o second_o crop_n also_o especial_o after_o early-pease_n and_o that_o it_o supply_v the_o great_a want_n of_o fodder_n that_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o winter_n not_o only_o for_o fat_a beast_n swine_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o for_o our_o milk-cow_n sect_n vi_o of_o set_v of_o corn._n beside_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o sow_v of_o corn_n be_v there_o several_a other_o way_n of_o disperse_v it_o as_o by_o set_v and_o how_v of_o it_o in_o etc._n etc._n this_o art_n of_o set_v corn_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a as_o appear_v by_o virgil_n vnguibus_fw-la infodiunt_fw-la &_o ipsis_fw-la fruges_fw-la and_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n attempt_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o practice_n again_o as_o appear_v by_o mr._n platt_n adam_n tool_n revive_v print_v in_o the_o year_n 1600._o where_o he_o do_v very_o ingenious_o describe_v not_o only_o the_o way_n but_o the_o great_a advantage_n that_o accrue_v by_o this_o then_o new_a discovery_n the_o first_o part_n thereof_o give_v you_o the_o reason_n why_o corn_n sow_o in_o the_o common_a way_n yield_v not_o so_o great_a a_o increase_n as_o it_o do_v by_o be_v set_v then_o he_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o dig_v the_o land_n where_o you_o be_v to_o set_v your_o corn_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o than_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o description_n of_o his_o instrument_n whereof_o some_o be_v only_o many_o pin_n set_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o a_o board_n which_o compress_v on_o the_o earth_n make_v so_o many_o hole_n wherein_o the_o wheat-grain_n be_v to_o be_v drop_v one_o by_o one_o but_o because_o these_o be_v very_o unnecessary_a and_o troublesome_a and_o that_o there_o be_v new_a and_o better_a way_n find_v out_o i_o shall_v decline_v any_o further_a discourse_n about_o they_o also_o he_o give_v you_o the_o distance_n and_o depth_n where_o he_o observe_v that_o at_o three_o inch_n distance_n and_o three_o inch_n depth_n there_o have_v grow_v thirty_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n on_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o that_o four_o inch_n in_o depth_n and_o distance_n have_v yield_v but_o twenty_o quarter_n he_o also_o speak_v of_o five_o inch_n in_o depth_n and_o five_o in_o distance_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o diversity_n of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o these_o year_n wherein_o the_o experiment_n be_v prove_v may_v beget_v some_o difference_n afterward_o he_o advise_v in_o barren_a land_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n with_o some_o good_a mixture_n or_o fat_a compost_n or_o to_o imbibe_n the_o grain_n you_o set_v therewith_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o then_o mr._n gabriel_n platt_n succeed_v with_o his_o new_a and_o better_o treasure_n discovery_n of_o infinite_a treasure_n compose_v method_n of_o set_v corn_n whereby_o he_o pretend_v to_o remedy_v all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o former_a way_n by_o his_o two_o new_a invent_v engine_n the_o one_o for_o the_o more_o expeditious_a set_n of_o the_o corn_n the_o other_o for_o the_o lay_n up_o the_o land_n on_o ridge_n just_a on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o row_n of_o corn_n that_o neither_o surplusage_n of_o moisture_n may_v annoy_v it_o nor_o frost_n in_o winter_n kill_v it_o which_o way_n prevent_v the_o lay_v the_o land_n in_o high_a ridge_n before_o sow_v neither_o need_v the_o land_n be_v dig_v only_o plough_v harrow_v and_o then_o set_v the_o description_n of_o which_o engine_n for_o the_o set_n of_o corn_n he_o corn._n description_n of_o mr._n plat_n engine_n for_o set_v corn._n give_v you_o in_o these_o word_n let_v there_o be_v two_o board_n of_o equal_a breadth_n bore_v with_o wide_a hole_n at_o four_o inch_n distance_n and_o be_v set_v in_o a_o frame_n of_o two_o foot_n high_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o then_o let_v there_o be_v a_o funnel_n for_o every_o hole_n make_v of_o thin_a board_n about_o two_o inch_n square_a then_o for_o the_o top_n let_v there_o be_v two_o thin_a board_n of_o equal_a breadth_n bore_v likewise_o whereof_o the_o uppermost_a be_v to_o be_v bore_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n with_o hole_n long_o the_o one_o way_n than_o the_o other_o and_o be_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o thickness_n that_o but_o one_o corn_n only_o can_v lie_v in_o the_o hole_n the_o other_o board_n be_v to_o be_v bore_v with_o wide_a hole_n and_o to_o be_v loose_a that_o while_o the_o engine_n be_v charge_v the_o holey_n part_n may_v be_v under_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o uppermost_a board_n and_o when_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o the_o nether-work_n then_o to_o be_v move_v so_o that_o all_o the_o corn_n may_v drop_v down_o and_o for_o charge_v a_o little_a corn_n be_v sweep_v up_o and_o down_o by_o a_o broom_n or_o a_o brush_n will_v fill_v the_o hole_n and_o if_o any_o miss_n the_o workman_n may_v put_v in_o here_o and_o there_o a_o odd_a corn_n with_o his_o finger_n and_o then_o move_v the_o second_o board_n till_o the_o hole_n be_v answerable_a all_o the_o corn_n will_v drop_v down_o at_o a_o instant_n then_o let_v a_o large_a ledge_n be_v set_v about_o the_o top_n of_o the_o engine_n to_o keep_v the_o corn_n from_o spill_v and_o so_o be_v the_o upper-part_n thereof_o make_v and_o as_o for_o the_o nether-work_n it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o chargeable_a and_o intricate_a for_o there_o must_v be_v for_o every_o hole_n a_o little_a socket_n of_o brass_n cast_v with_o a_o verge_n to_o nail_v unto_o the_o nether-board_n about_o the_o hole_n which_o must_v be_v turn_v and_o bore_v all_o of_o one_o wideness_n to_o a_o hairs-breadth_n and_o must_v be_v wide_o above_o and_o straight_o below_o like_o a_o faucet_n then_o there_o must_v be_v iron_n pin_n of_o five_o inch_n long_o of_o great_a thick_a iron-wyer_n draw_v so_o fit_a that_o no_o earth_n can_v come_v into_o the_o brass-socket_n now_o to_o make_v these_o play_n up_o and_o down_o at_o pleasure_n be_v the_o great_a skill_n in_o the_o whole_a work_n and_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n but_o that_o which_o be_v here_o describe_v there_o must_v be_v for_o every_o wooden_a funnel_n a_o piece_n of_o iron_n forge_v flat_a with_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o middle_n edge-wise_a which_o through_o two_o slit_n in_o the_o nether-part_n must_v play_v up_o and_o down_o through_o which_o a_o brass-nail_n must_v be_v fasten_v cast_v with_o a_o head_n contrary_a to_o other_o nail_n bow_v downward_o to_o which_o the_o iron-pin_n must_v be_v fasten_v with_o wire_n and_o so_o thrust_v down_o and_o pluck_v up_o at_o pleasure_n and_o then_o every_o end_n of_o the_o flat_a piece_n of_o iron_n must_v be_v fasten_v into_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n of_o such_o thickness_n that_o two_o thereof_o may_v fill_v up_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o row_n of_o the_o wooden_a funnel_n these_o may_v be_v make_v to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o like_a virginal-jack_n and_o when_o they_o be_v lift_v up_o than_o the_o brass_n funnel_n be_v wide_o above_o than_o below_o give_v leave_n for_o the_o corn_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o hole_n all_o at_o a_o instant_n these_o jack_n must_v be_v fasten_v together_o the_o two_o first_o on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o wooden_a funnel_n than_o so_o many_o together_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o workman_n be_v able_a to_o thrust_v down_o to_o make_v the_o hole_n and_o there_o

the_o land_n whereon_o it_o have_v stand_v for_o many_o year_n and_o not_o barrennize_v it_o as_o it_o usual_a with_o annual_a seed_n you_o may_v break_v it_o up_o and_o sow_v it_o with_o corn_n till_o it_o be_v out_o of_o heart_n and_o then_o sow_v it_o with_o st._n foyn_v as_o former_o it_o will_v thrive_v on_o dry_a and_o barren_a ground_n where_o hardly_o any_o thing_n else_o will_v the_o root_n be_v great_a and_o deep_a be_v not_o so_o soon_o dry_v by_o the_o parch_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o of_o other_o grass_n they_o be_v it_o must_v be_v sow_v in_o far_o great_a quantity_n than_o the_o clover-seed_n it_o quantity_n of_o seed_n on_o a_o acre_n and_o manner_n of_o sow_v of_o it_o because_o the_o seed_n be_v much_o large_a and_o light_a it_o may_v be_v sow_v with_o oat_n or_o barley_n as_o the_o clover_n about_o equal_a part_n with_o the_o grain_n you_o sow_v it_o will_v serve_v always_o remember_v you_o sow_v your_o grain_n but_o thin_a be_v sure_a you_o make_v your_o ground_n fine_a for_o this_o and_o other_o french_a seed_n as_o you_o usual_o do_v for_o barley_n fear_v not_o the_o sow_v of_o the_o seed_n too_o thick_a for_o be_v thick_a they_o soon_o stock_n the_o ground_n and_o destroy_v all_o other_o grass_n and_o weed_n some_o advice_n to_o how_o these_o seed_n in_o like_a pease_n in_o range_v though_o not_o so_o far_o distant_a the_o better_a to_o destroy_v the_o weed_n between_o it_o this_o will_v bear_v this_o way_n of_o husbandry_n better_o than_o the_o clover_n because_o that_o have_v but_o a_o small_a root_n and_o require_v to_o shadow_v the_o ground_n more_o than_o this_o feed_v it_o not_o the_o first_o year_n because_o the_o sweetness_n thereof_o will_v provoke_v the_o cattle_n to_o bite_v too_o near_o the_o ground_n very_o much_o to_o the_o injury_n of_o your_o st._n foyn_v but_o you_o may_v mow_v it_o with_o your_o barley_n or_o oat_n or_o if_o sow_o by_o itself_o the_o first_o year_n of_o la_fw-fr lucerne_n in_o the_o next_o place_n this_o plant_n la_fw-fr lucerne_n be_v commend_v for_o a_o excellent_a fodder_n and_o by_o some_o prefer_v before_o st._n foyn_n as_o be_v require_v what_o ground_n it_o require_v very_o advantageous_a to_o dry_v and_o barren_a ground_n it_o be_v manage_v like_o the_o former_a seed_n some_o write_v that_o it_o require_v a_o moist_a ground_n and_o rich_a other_o a_o dry_a so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v it_o have_v prove_v well_o on_o all_o the_o land_n must_v be_v well_o dress_v and_o three_o time_n fallowed_a the_o time_n for_o sow_v it_o be_v after_o the_o cold_a weather_n be_v over_o about_o it_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o sow_v of_o it_o the_o middle_n of_o april_n some_o oat_n may_v be_v sow_v therewith_o but_o in_o a_o small_a proportion_n the_o seed_n be_v very_o small_a therefore_o the_o six_o part_n of_o it_o be_v allot_v to_o a_o acre_n as_o be_v require_v of_o any_o other_o grain_n one_o bushel_n thereof_o go_v as_o far_o as_o six_o of_o corn_n it_o may_v be_v mow_v twice_o a_o year_n and_o feed_v all_o the_o winter_n the_o hay_n must_v be_v well_o dry_v and_o house_v for_o it_o be_v otherwise_o bad_a to_o keep_v it_o be_v good_a use_n it_o be_v use_n for_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n but_o above_o all_o it_o agree_v best_a with_o horse_n it_o feed_v much_o more_o than_o ordinary_a hay_n that_o lean_a beast_n be_v sudden_o fat_a with_o it_o it_o cause_v abundance_n of_o milk_n in_o milch-beast_n it_o must_v be_v give_v at_o the_o first_o with_o caution_n as_o before_o we_o direct_v concern_v the_o clover_n that_o be_v mix_v with_o straw_n or_o hay_n you_o may_v also_o feed_v all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n with_o it_o green_a all_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v best_a to_o mow_v it_o but_o once_o a_o year_n it_o will_v last_v ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n if_o you_o desire_v the_o seed_n when_o it_o be_v ripe_a cut_v off_o the_o top_n in_o a_o dewy_a morning_n and_o put_v into_o sheet_n for_o fear_n of_o lose_v the_o seed_n and_o when_o they_o be_v dry_a thrash_v they_o thereon_o the_o remain_a stalk_n may_v be_v mow_v for_o hay_n by_o eat_v this_o grass_n in_o the_o spring_n horse_n be_v purge_v and_o make_v fat_a in_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n time_n one_o acre_n will_v keep_v three_o horse_n all_o the_o year_n long_o hartlib_n legacy_n sect_n v._o of_o some_o other_o grass_n or_o hays_n this_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o st._n foyn_n and_o by_o some_o judge_v to_o be_v the_o same_o esparcet_n esparcet_n this_o be_v a_o grain_n annual_o sow_v in_o france_n and_o other_o country_n vetch_n la_fw-fr rome_n yn_n or_o french_a tare_n or_o vetch_n very_o quick_a of_o growth_n and_o excellent_a food_n for_o cattle_n especial_o for_o horse_n and_o after_o the_o feed_n of_o it_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o summer_n it_o may_v be_v let_v grow_v for_o hay_o it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o la_fw-fr lucerne_n because_o this_o be_v annual_a the_o other_o of_o long_a continuance_n only_o this_o will_v grow_v on_o dry_a and_o poor_a land_n than_o lucerne_n wherein_o it_o exceed_v it_o in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o usual_o sow_v it_o twice_o in_o a_o summer_n the_o spurrey-seed_n spurrey-seed_n first_o in_o may_n in_o june_n and_o july_n it_o will_v be_v in_o flower_n and_o in_o august_n the_o seed_n be_v usual_o ripe_a the_o second_o time_n of_o sow_v be_v after_o rye-harvest_n which_o ground_n they_o usual_o plough_v up_o and_o sow_v it_o with_o spurrey-seed_n that_o it_o may_v grow_v up_o and_o serve_v their_o kine_n after_o all_o late_a grass_n be_v eat_v up_o till_o new-years-day_n this_o pasture_n make_v excellent_a butter_n prefer_v by_o many_o before_o may-butter_n hen_n will_v greedy_o eat_v the_o herb_n and_o it_o make_v they_o lay_v the_o more_o eggs._n hartlib_n legacy_n hop_v clover_n trefoyl_n or_o three-leaved_n grass_n be_v both_o fine_a and_o sweet_a trefoyl_n trefoyl_n than_o the_o great_a clover-grass_n it_o will_v grow_v in_o any_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v sow_o with_o corn_n as_o before_o or_o without_o or_o be_v sprinkle_v in_o meadow_n will_v exceed_o mend_v the_o hay_n both_o in_o burden_n and_o goodness_n at_o maddington_n in_o wiltshire_n about_o nine_o mile_n from_o salisbury_n wiltshire_n long_o grass_n in_o wiltshire_n grow_v a_o grass_n in_o a_o small_a plat_v of_o meadow-ground_n which_o grass_n in_o some_o year_n grow_v to_o a_o prodigious_a length_n sometime_o twenty_o four_o foot_n long_o but_o not_o in_o height_n as_o be_v usual_o report_v but_o creep_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o at_o least_o touch_v the_o ground_n at_o several_a of_o the_o knot_n of_o the_o grass_n it_o be_v extraordinary_a sweet_a and_o not_o so_o easy_o propagate_v as_o have_v be_v imagine_v the_o length_n thereof_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o wash_n of_o a_o decline_a sheep-down_a that_o the_o rain_n in_o a_o hasty_a shower_n bring_v with_o it_o much_o of_o the_o fatness_n of_o the_o sheep-dung_n over_o the_o meadow_n so_o that_o in_o such_o spring_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o such_o shower_n or_o at_o least_o from_o some_o certain_a coast_n this_o grass_n thrive_v not_o so_o well_o the_o ground_n be_v then_o no_o better_a than_o another_o this_o herb_n so_o little_o esteem_v because_o not_o far_o fetch_v be_v a_o saxifrage_n saxifrage_n excellent_a and_o proper_a herb_n to_o be_v nourish_v or_o sow_o in_o meadow_n for_o among_o all_o housewife_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o infallible_a rule_n that_o where_o saxifrage_n grow_v there_o you_o shall_v never_o have_v ill_a cheese_n or_o butter_n especial_o cheese_n whence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o netherlands_o abound_v much_o in_o that_o commodity_n and_o only_o as_o be_v suppose_v through_o the_o plenty_n of_o that_o herb._n these_o and_o many_o other_o most_o rare_a and_o excellent_a plant_n there_o be_v which_o if_o they_o be_v advance_v or_o propagate_v that_o they_o may_v open_o manifest_v their_o worth_n may_v be_v of_o much_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o laborious_a husbandman_n than_o the_o short_a sour_a and_o natural_o wild_a and_o barren_a grass_n mix_v with_o a_o superabundant_a proportion_n of_o pernicious_a weed_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a service_n to_o the_o whole_a nation_n if_o those_o that_o have_v land_n enough_o will_v yearly_o prove_v some_o small_a proportion_n of_o these_o and_o other_o vegetable_n not_o yet_o bring_v into_o common_a use_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o will_v not_o only_o advance_v their_o own_o estate_n but_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o general_n and_o gain_v unto_o themselves_o a_o everlasting_a fame_n and_o honour_n as_o do_v the_o family_n of_o piso_n fabius_n lentulus_n and_o cicero_n by_o bring_v into_o use_n the_o several_a pulse_n now_o call_v by_o their_o name_n chap._n iu._n of_o arable_a land_n and_o

tillage_n and_o of_o the_o several_a grain_n pulse_n etc._n etc._n usual_o propagate_v by_o the_o plough_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o most_o worthy_a of_o our_o care_n be_v the_o arable_a land_n yield_v unto_o the_o laborious_a husbandman_n the_o most_o necessary_a sustentation_n this_o life_n require_v but_o not_o without_o industry_n and_o toil_n the_o plough_n be_v the_o most_o happy_a instrument_n that_o ever_o be_v discover_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o use_n whereof_o be_v by_o the_o heathen_n celebrate_v as_o a_o goddess_n prima_fw-la ceres_n ferro_fw-la mortales_fw-la vertere_fw-la terram_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n instituit_fw-la but_o the_o plough_n itself_o triptolemus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v invent_v pliny_n pliny_n this_o art_n be_v always_o in_o esteem_n as_o before_o in_o the_o preface_n we_o have_v show_v and_o from_o this_o part_n thereof_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a do_v it_o take_v its_o name_n of_o agriculture_n from_o the_o tilling_n of_o the_o land_n with_o the_o plough_n or_o with_o the_o spade_n the_o more_o ancient_a instrument_n though_o not_o more_o necessary_a and_o beneficial_a and_o since_o its_o first_o invention_n have_v there_o be_v many_o several_a improvement_n make_v of_o it_o for_o the_o more_o facile_a and_o commodious_a use_n thereof_o and_o every_o day_n almost_o and_o in_o every_o place_n do_v the_o ingenious_a husbandman_n endeavour_v to_o excel_v the_o slothful_a in_o this_o most_o necessary_a art_n that_o from_o a_o burdensome_a and_o toilsome_a labour_n it_o be_v in_o some_o place_n become_v but_o a_o please_a and_o profitable_a exercise_n and_o it_o be_v hope_v that_o by_o those_o precedent_n and_o example_n the_o more_o vulgar_a will_v be_v provoke_v to_o a_o more_o universal_a use_n of_o that_o which_o be_v best_a and_o most_o advantageous_a to_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o public_a more_o of_o this_o instrument_n see_v hereafter_o in_o this_o treatise_n sect_n i._o what_o land_n be_v improve_v by_o tillage_n non_fw-la omnis_fw-la fert_fw-la omne_fw-la tellus_fw-la every_o sort_n of_o land_n almost_o require_v a_o different_a husbandry_n some_o ground_n produce_v plenty_n of_o that_o which_o on_o another_o will_v not_o grow_v this_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a part_n of_o the_o husbandman_n skill_n to_o understand_v what_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o be_v propagate_v on_o each_o sort_n of_o land_n the_o strong_a and_o stiff_a ground_n receive_v the_o great_a improvement_n from_o the_o plough_n and_o the_o mellow_a warm_a and_o light_n from_o other_o plantation_n of_o fruit_n etc._n etc._n densa_fw-la magis_fw-la cereri_fw-la rarissima_fw-la quaeque_fw-la lyaeo_n virgil._n virgil._n although_o the_o best_a warm_a and_o light_a land_n yield_v most_o excellent_a corn_n yet_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o land_n yield_v not_o so_o good_a fruit_n plant_n grass_n hay_o etc._n etc._n also_o necessary_a for_o the_o husbandman_n therefore_o our_o principal_a design_n must_v be_v to_o appropriate_v each_o sort_n to_o that_o method_n of_o husbandry_n most_o natural_a unto_o it_o that_o where_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n differ_v which_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o the_o same_o parish_n and_o many_o time_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o farm_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o same_o field_n that_o there_o may_v be_v use_v a_o different_a way_n we_o have_v before_o discourse_v of_o what_o land_n be_v fit_a for_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n and_o now_o shall_v give_v you_o those_o direction_n i_o find_v to_o know_v what_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o the_o plough_n the_o strong_a and_o stiff_a as_o we_o say_v before_o and_o also_o the_o cold_a and_o moist_a and_o that_o which_o lie_v obvious_a to_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n as_o be_v most_o of_o the_o champion_n or_o field-land_n for_o there_o may_v be_v sow_o such_o seed_n that_o natural_o affect_v such_o place_n until_o they_o be_v reduce_v and_o better_o qualify_v by_o enclosure_n the_o first_o and_o main_a principle_n of_o improvement_n also_o mossy_a and_o rusty_a ground_n be_v much_o improve_v by_o plough_v and_o ground_n subject_a to_o pernicious_a weed_n may_v be_v much_o advantage_v by_o destroy_v the_o weed_n and_o propagate_a good_a corn_n or_o other_o tillage_n in_o the_o room_n thereof_o all_o clay_n stiff_a cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n be_v general_o thrice_o moist_a the_o manner_n of_o plough_v or_o husband_v each_o sort_n clay_n stiff_a cold_a and_o moist_a plough_v in_o the_o spring_n summer_n and_o at_o seedtime_n for_o wheat_n and_o four_o time_n for_o barley_n if_o it_o be_v the_o first_o grain_n sow_o after_o long_o rest_v which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v not_o usual_a these_o several_a ploughing_n or_o fallowing_n be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o ground_n in_o several_a respect_n 1._o it_o lay_v the_o ground_n by_o degree_n in_o ridge_n in_o such_o order_n as_o the_o nature_n thereof_o require_v for_o the_o more_o in_o number_n and_o the_o high_a the_o ridge_n the_o better_a they_o be_v for_o wheat_n which_o natural_o delight_v in_o a_o moist_a ground_n so_o that_o it_o be_v lay_v dry_a that_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v drown_v or_o over-glutted_n with_o water_n in_o moist_n year_n and_o this_o method_n of_o lay_v the_o ridge_n much_o prevent_v the_o blast_a of_o wheat_n for_o wheat_n be_v easy_o overcharge_v with_o water_n either_o in_o winter_n or_o summer_n 2._o this_o often_o stir_v the_o land_n make_v it_o light_n and_o fit_a for_o the_o seed_n to_o take_v root_n therein_o the_o clod_n be_v apt_a to_o dissolve_v by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o weather_n and_o often_o break_v by_o the_o plough_n 3._o it_o kill_v the_o weed_n which_o in_o strong_a land_n be_v apt_a to_o overrun_v the_o corn._n 4._o it_o fertilize_v land_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o full_a be_v some_o husbandman_n soil_n virgil_n also_o seem_v to_o hint_n as_o much_o where_o he_o say_v pingue_n solum_fw-la primis_fw-la exemplo_fw-la à_fw-la mensibus_fw-la anni_fw-la fort_n invertant_fw-la tauri_n glebasque_fw-la jacentes_fw-la pulverulenta_fw-la coquat_fw-la maturis_fw-la solibus_fw-la aestas_fw-la 5._o it_o defend_v the_o corn_n much_o from_o the_o extremity_n of_o wether_n especial_o cold_a wind_n for_o the_o more_o uneven_a any_o piece_n of_o land_n be_v the_o better_a it_o bear_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o winter_n for_o which_o reason_n in_o the_o open_a champion_n where_o the_o land_n be_v dry_a and_o they_o do_v not_o lay_v up_o their_o ridge_n as_o in_o other_o place_n yet_o they_o harrow_v it_o but_o little_a and_o leave_v it_o as_o rough_a as_o they_o can_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o to_o break_v the_o fleet_a wind_n the_o gardiner_n near_a london_n now_o seem_v to_o imitate_v this_o practice_n by_o lay_v their_o garden_n in_o ridge_n not_o only_o the_o better_a to_o shelter_v their_o seed_n from_o the_o cold_a wind_n but_o also_o to_o give_v it_o a_o advantage_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o i_o myself_o prove_v it_o many_o year_n since_o that_o pease_n sow_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o small_a bed_n so_o raise_v that_o they_o seem_v to_o respond_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n prosper_v well_o and_o pass_v the_o winter_n better_o and_o be_v much_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n than_o those_o otherwise_o plant_v but_o in_o case_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v barley_n first_o therein_o after_o the_o three_o fallow_v it_o must_v lie_v over_o the_o winter_n that_o the_o frost_n may_v the_o better_a temper_n it_o for_o the_o seedtime_n when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v plough_v again_o if_o for_o pease_n or_o bean_n once_o fallow_v before_o winter_n serve_v the_o turn_n if_o it_o have_v a_o good_a sward_n or_o turf_n on_o it_o i_o rather_o advise_v you_o to_o denshire_n or_o burn_v it_o the_o summer_n before_o you_o sow_v it_o this_o be_v the_o more_o expeditious_a and_o advantageous_a way_n it_o spend_v the_o acid_n moisture_n a_o enemy_n to_o vegetation_n it_o kill_v the_o weed_n and_o bring_v the_o land_n quick_o to_o a_o 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barren_a dry_a and_o sandy_a ground_n hazel_n the_o hazel_n also_o mountain_n and_o rocky_a soil_n produce_v they_o but_o more_o prosperous_o in_o the_o fresh_a bottom_n and_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o in_o hedge-row_n they_o be_v best_a raise_v from_o the_o nut_n preserve_v moist_a not_o mouldy_a propagation_n propagation_n by_o lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leaf_n or_o in_o sand_n and_o sow_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n they_o be_v also_o propagate_v of_o set_v and_o sucker_n the_o young_a wand_n by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v cut_v the_o first_o year_n but_o the_o spring_n follow_v within_z three_z or_o four_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n great_a set_v may_v be_v cut_v within_o six_o inch_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o first_o year_n the_o use_n of_o hasel-pole_n and_o rod_n be_v general_o know_v to_o the_o use_n husbandman_n beside_o for_o fuel_n and_o charcoal_n it_o be_v the_o only_a plant_n for_o the_o virgula_fw-la divina_fw-la for_o the_o discovery_n of_o mine_n 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former_o defend_v they_o it_o be_v also_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ground_n into_o which_o you_o plant_v your_o tree_n be_v of_o a_o high_a and_o rich_a mould_n than_o from_o whence_o you_o remove_v it_o if_o you_o expect_v your_o tree_n to_o thrive_v the_o change_n of_o soyl_n or_o pasture_n from_o the_o worse_a to_o the_o better_a be_v of_o very_o high_a concernment_n for_o the_o improvement_n and_o advance_v of_o all_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n these_o and_o several_a other_o the_o like_a observation_n if_o they_o can_v be_v observe_v will_v much_o advantage_n the_o growth_n of_o your_o tree_n for_o the_o first_o year_n or_o two_o but_o if_o place_n and_o time_n and_o other_o accident_n

cider_n stand_v in_o a_o what_fw-mi cover_v to_o ferment_n a_o day_n and_o night_n before_o you_o tun_n it_o up_o and_o then_o draw_v it_o from_o the_o what_fw-mi by_o a_o tap_n about_o two_o inch_n from_o the_o bottom_n or_o more_o according_a to_o discretion_n leave_v the_o fece_n behind_o which_o will_v not_o be_v lose_v if_o you_o put_v it_o up_o on_o the_o chaff_n for_o than_o it_o meliorates_fw-la your_o pur_fw-it or_o water-cider_n if_o you_o make_v any_o when_o your_o cider_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o barrel_n where_o you_o intend_v to_o keep_v it_o leave_v some_o small_a vent_n open_a for_o several_a day_n until_o its_o wild_a spirit_n be_v spend_v which_o will_v otherwise_o break_v the_o barrel_n or_o find_v some_o vent_n that_o will_v always_o abide_v open_a though_o but_o small_a to_o the_o ruin_n of_o your_o cider_n many_o have_v spoil_v their_o cider_n by_o this_o only_a neglect_n and_o never_o apprehend_v the_o cause_n thereof_o which_o when_o stop_v close_o after_o 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prosper_v not_o without_o great_a labour_n care_n and_o skill_n and_o beside_o be_v subject_n more_o than_o other_o to_o the_o injury_n of_o unseasonable_a weather_n neither_o of_o which_o the_o slothful_a or_o ignorant_a husbandman_n can_v away_o with_o affect_v only_o such_o thing_n that_o will_v grow_v with_o least_o toil_n hazard_n or_o expense_n though_o they_o feed_v on_o bread_n and_o water_n when_o the_o diligent_a and_o industrious_a adventurer_n live_v like_o a_o petty_a prince_n on_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o labour_n and_o expectation_n which_o sufficient_o repay_v his_o expense_n and_o hazard_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o find_v any_o trade_n occupation_n or_o employment_n that_o a_o man_n may_v presume_v on_o a_o large_a and_o noble_a requital_n of_o his_o time_n cost_n or_o industry_n but_o it_o be_v hazardous_a especial_o to_o such_o that_o attempt_v the_o same_o without_o a_o special_a affectation_n thereunto_o or_o skill_n therein_o nil_fw-la tam_fw-la difficile_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la solertia_fw-la vincet_fw-la so_o this_o art_n and_o employment_n of_o plant_v propagate_a and_o increase_v of_o hop_n saffron_n liquorice_n cabbage_n onion_n and_o other_o garden-commodity_n be_v casual_a and_o more_o subject_a to_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n than_o common_o corn_n or_o grass_n be_v make_v it_o so_o much_o neglect_v for_o one_o bad_a crop_n or_o bad_a year_n for_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v more_o discourage_v a_o countryman_n from_o a_o plantation_n thereof_o than_o five_o good_a crop_n though_o never_o so_o profitable_a and_o advantageous_a shall_v encourage_v ignorant_a and_o self-willed_a man_n be_v natural_o so_o prone_a to_o raise_v objection_n on_o purpose_n to_o deter_v themselves_o and_o other_o from_o any_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_n either_o pleasant_a or_o profitable_a but_o we_o hope_v better_o of_o the_o ingenious_a that_o they_o will_v set_v to_o their_o help_a hand_n to_o promote_v this_o useful_a and_o necessary_a art_n and_o thereby_o become_v a_o provoke_a precedent_n to_o their_o ignorant_a neighbour_n that_o our_o land_n may_v be_v a_o land_n of_o plenty_n that_o it_o may_v superabound_v with_o necessary_n and_o rather_o afford_v a_o supply_n to_o their_o neighbour_n than_o expect_v it_o from_o they_o as_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o do_v in_o several_a sort_n of_o those_o thing_n we_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o book_n those_o of_o our_o own_o growth_n also_o far_o exceed_v that_o we_o have_v abroad_o which_o inconvenience_n and_o disadvantage_n nothing_o can_v better_v prevent_v than_o our_o own_o industry_n and_o ingenuity_n beside_o most_o of_o this_o garden-tillage_n be_v of_o late_a year_n become_v a_o more_o general_a food_n than_o former_o it_o be_v scarce_o a_o table_n well_o furnish_v without_o some_o dish_n of_o choice_a root_n or_o herb_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o pleasant_a to_o the_o rich_a but_o good_a for_o the_o poor_a labour_a man_n many_o where_o plenty_n be_v

feed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o tillage_n which_o have_v occasion_v that_o great_a increase_n of_o garden_n and_o plantation_n in_o most_o of_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o england_n several_a sort_n also_o of_o tillage_n be_v profitable_a in_o the_o feed_n of_o cattle_n and_o fowl_n sect_n i._o of_o hops_n we_o mention_v this_o plant_n in_o the_o first_o place_n not_o for_o his_o worth_n or_o dignity_n above_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v esteem_v a_o unwholesome_a herb_n or_o flower_n for_o the_o use_v it_o be_v usual_o put_v unto_o which_o may_v also_o be_v supply_v with_o several_a other_o wholesome_a and_o better_a herb_n but_o for_o that_o of_o all_o other_o plant_n it_o advance_v land_n to_o the_o high_a improvement_n usual_o to_o forty_o pound_n or_o fifty_o pound_n sometime_o to_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la acre_n and_o yet_o have_v we_o not_o enough_o plant_v to_o serve_v the_o kingdom_n but_o yearly_o make_v use_n of_o flemish_a hop_n nothing_o near_o so_o good_a as_o 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destroy_v the_o weed_n but_o in_o whatsoever_o state_n or_o condition_n your_o ground_n be_v till_o it_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o winter_n with_o either_o plough_n or_o spade_n and_o when_o you_o have_v set_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o your_o ground_n you_o intend_v to_o plant_v and_o lay_v the_o same_o even_o then_o must_v you_o mark_v out_o the_o several_a place_n where_o each_o hill_n be_v to_o be_v the_o best_a way_n be_v by_o a_o line_n straighten_v overthwart_a the_o ground_n with_o knot_n or_o thread_n tie_v at_o such_o distance_n you_o intend_v your_o hill_n some_o plant_v they_o in_o square_n checquerwise_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n if_o you_o intend_v to_o plough_v with_o horse_n between_o the_o hill_n other_o plant_v they_o in_o form_n of_o a_o quincunx_fw-la which_o be_v the_o more_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o better_a for_o the_o hop_v and_o will_v do_v very_o well_o where_o your_o ground_n be_v but_o small_a that_o you_o may_v overcome_v it_o with_o 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distance_n of_o the_o hill_n but_o if_o your_o hill_n be_v too_o far_o asunder_o the_o best_a way_n to_o remedy_v hill_n bigness_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o inconvenience_n be_v by_o increase_a the_o number_n of_o hop_n in_o the_o root_n in_o each_o hill_n by_o which_o mean_v you_o may_v apply_v more_o pole_n and_o supply_v the_o former_a defect_n hill_n may_v be_v make_v of_o that_o bigness_n that_o they_o may_v require_v six_o ten_o or_o twenty_o pole_n the_o common_a objection_n be_v they_o can_v so_o convenient_o be_v dress_v but_o i_o only_o propose_v it_o as_o amendment_n to_o make_v they_o somewhat_o big_a than_o ordinary_a or_o if_o your_o hill_n be_v too_o near_o together_o you_o may_v also_o abate_v the_o hop_n and_o apply_v the_o few_o

direction_n as_o you_o will_v hereafter_o find_v disperse_v the_o pole_n among_o the_o hill_n before_o you_o begin_v to_o pole_n lay_v of_o they_o between_o the_o hill_n begin_v not_o to_o pole_n until_o your_o hop_n appear_v above_o the_o ground_n that_o you_o discern_v where_o the_o big_a pole_n be_v require_v and_o so_o may_v you_o continue_v poling_n till_o they_o be_v a_o yard_n in_o height_n or_o more_o but_o stay_v not_o too_o long_o lest_o you_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o hop_v which_o will_v grow_v large_a unless_o it_o have_v a_o pole_n or_o such_o like_a to_o climb_v unto_o set_a the_o pole_n near_o to_o the_o hill_n and_o in_o depth_n according_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n nature_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o obviousness_n to_o wind_n that_o the_o pole_n may_v rather_o break_v than_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n by_o any_o fierce_a wind_n let_v the_o pole_n lean_a outward_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o stand_v equi-distant_a at_o the_o top_n to_o prevent_v housling_n as_o they_o term_v it_o which_o they_o be_v subject_a unto_o if_o they_o grow_v too_o near_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o that_o be_v they_o will_v grow_v one_o among_o another_o and_o cause_n so_o great_a a_o shade_n that_o you_o will_v have_v more_o hawm_n than_o hops_n also_o it_o be_v esteem_v a_o excellent_a piece_n of_o husbandry_n to_o set_v all_o the_o pole_n incline_v towards_o the_o south_n that_o the_o sun_n may_v the_o better_o compass_v they_o this_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o a_o lean_v or_o bend_v pole_n bear_v more_o hop_n than_o a_o upright_a be_v sure_a to_o reserve_v a_o parcel_n of_o the_o worst_a pole_n that_o you_o may_v have_v for_o your_o need_n in_o case_n when_o the_o pole_n be_v lade_v a_o pole_n may_v break_v or_o be_v overburden_a to_o support_v it_o for_o if_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n they_o soon_o perish_v with_o a_o rammer_n you_o may_v ram_v the_o earth_n at_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pole_n for_o its_o further_a security_n against_o wind_n if_o after_o some_o time_n of_o grow_v you_o find_v a_o hop_v under_o or_o over-poled_n you_o may_v unwind_v the_o hop_v and_o place_v another_o pole_n in_o its_o place_n have_v a_o companion_n with_o you_o to_o hold_v the_o hop_v while_o you_o pitch_v in_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o you_o may_v place_v another_o pole_n near_o it_o and_o bring_v the_o hop_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o the_o next_o work_n be_v after_o the_o hop_n be_v get_v two_o or_o three_o foot_n pole_n of_o tie_v of_o hop_n to_o the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n to_o conduct_v they_o to_o such_o pole_n as_o you_o think_v fit_a that_o be_v either_o near_a or_o have_v few_o hop_n and_o wind_v they_o or_o place_v they_o to_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o may_v wind_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o bind_v they_o gentle_o thereto_o with_o some_o wither_a rush_n or_o woollen_a yarn_n two_o or_o three_o string_n be_v enough_o to_o a_o pole_n i_o have_v know_v more_o hop_n on_o a_o pole_n from_o one_o string_n than_o from_o four_o or_o five_o though_o there_o have_v be_v more_o of_o hawm_n be_v cautious_a of_o break_v the_o tender_a shoot_v which_o in_o the_o morning_n be_v most_o dangerous_a but_o when_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o day_n have_v toughn_v they_o may_v it_o much_o better_o be_v do_v you_o must_v be_v daily_o among_o the_o hop_n during_o april_n and_o may_n especial_o guide_v and_o direct_v they_o else_o will_v they_o be_v apt_a to_o break_v their_o own_o neck_n by_o go_v amiss_o it_o will_v sufficient_o requite_v your_o labour_n and_o care_n at_o harvest_n it_o be_v convenient_a with_o a_o fork_a wand_n to_o direct_v the_o hop_n to_o the_o pole_n that_o be_v otherwise_o out_o of_o reach_n or_o to_o have_v a_o stool_n to_o stand_v on_o or_o a_o small_a ladder_n make_v with_o a_o stay_n on_o the_o back_n of_o it_o that_o you_o may_v reach_v they_o with_o your_o hand_n about_o midsummer_n or_o a_o little_a after_o the_o hop_v begin_v to_o leave_v run_v at_o length_n and_o then_o begin_v to_o branch_n that_o such_o hop_n that_o be_v not_o yet_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o nip_v off_o the_o top_n or_o divert_v it_o from_o the_o pole_n that_o it_o may_v branch_v the_o better_a which_o be_v much_o more_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o hop_v than_o to_o extend_v itself_o only_o in_o length_n sometime_o in_o may_n after_o a_o rain_n pare_v off_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o hill_n of_o the_o make_n up_o the_o hill_n ground_n with_o a_o spade_n how_o it_o off_o with_o a_o how_o or_o run_v it_o over_o with_o a_o plough_n with_o one_o horse_n if_o you_o have_v room_n enough_o or_o with_o a_o breast-plough_n and_o with_o these_o paring_n raise_v your_o hill_n in_o height_n and_o breadth_n bury_v and_o suppress_v all_o superfluous_a shoot_v of_o hop_n and_o weed_n by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v destroy_v the_o weed_n that_o otherwise_o will_v beggar_v your_o land_n and_o you_o suppress_v such_o sucker_n and_o weed_n that_o will_v impoverish_v your_o hop_n and_o you_o also_o preserve_v the_o hill_n moist_a by_o cover_v they_o that_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o summer_n injure_v they_o not_o also_o the_o hop_v so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n issue_v forth_o its_o root_n to_o the_o very_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o prove_v a_o very_a great_a succour_n to_o the_o hop_v this_o work_n may_v be_v continue_v throughout_o the_o summer_n but_o more_o especial_o after_o a_o rain_n to_o apply_v the_o moist_a earth_n about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o hop_v therefore_o it_o behove_v you_o to_o keep_v the_o ground_n in_o good_a heart_n for_o this_o purpose_n that_o your_o hop_n may_v be_v the_o better_a and_o in_o case_n it_o shall_v prove_v a_o very_a dry_a spring_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o water_v the_o hop_n before_o you_o raise_v your_o hill_n a_o dry_a spring_n such_o that_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o and_o hop_n manner_n of_o water_v hop_n 1674._o prove_v a_o great_a check_n to_o the_o hop_n in_o its_o first_o spring_v especial_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a ground_n in_o such_o year_n it_o be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o water_v they_o if_o it_o can_v with_o conveniency_n be_v obtain_v either_o from_o some_o rivulet_n or_o stream_n run_v through_o or_o near_o your_o hop-garden_n or_o from_o some_o well_o dig_v there_o or_o out_o of_o some_o pond_n make_v with_o clay_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o your_o ground_n to_o receive_v hasty_a shower_n by_o small_a aqueduct_n lead_v unto_o it_o which_o be_v the_o best_a water_n of_o all_o for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o every_o hill_n make_v a_o hollow_a place_n and_o thrust_v some_o point_a stick_n or_o iron_n down_o in_o the_o middle_n thereof_o and_o pour_v in_o your_o water_n by_o degree_n till_o you_o think_v the_o hill_n be_v well_o soak_v then_o cover_v the_o hill_n with_o the_o paring_n of_o your_o garden_n as_o before_o we_o direct_v which_o will_v set_v the_o hop_v main_o forward_a as_o i_o have_v know_v which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v small_a and_o weak_a and_o hardly_o ever_o recover_v to_o attain_v its_o usual_a height_n also_o a_o very_a hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n will_v make_v the_o hop_v blow_v but_o small_a and_o thin_a therefore_o will_v it_o not_o be_v labour_n lose_v to_o bestow_v a_o pail_n of_o water_n on_o every_o hill_n prepare_v beforehand_o to_o receive_v it_o for_o in_o such_o dry_a spring_n or_o summer_n such_o hop_n that_o either_o stand_v moist_a or_o have_v be_v water_v do_v very_o much_o outstrip_v their_o neighbour_n and_o in_o such_o year_n they_o will_v far_o better_o requite_v your_o labour_n and_o industry_n yield_v a_o great_a price_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o scarcity_n than_o in_o other_o seasonable_a year_n when_o every_o ground_n almost_o produce_v hops_n industry_n and_o ingenuity_n in_o these_o affair_n be_v most_o encourage_v and_o best_a reward_v at_o such_o time_n when_o ignorance_n and_o sloth_n come_v off_o with_o loss_n and_o shame_n after_o every_o water_a which_o need_v not_o be_v above_o twice_o or_o thrice_o in_o the_o dry_a summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thorough_o wet_a be_v sure_a to_o make_v up_o the_o hill_n with_o the_o paring_n and_o with_o the_o weed_n and_o cool_v and_o moiste_v material_n you_o can_v get_v for_o the_o more_o the_o hop_v be_v shade_v at_o the_o root_n from_o the_o sun_n the_o better_a it_o thrive_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o such_o that_o grow_v under_o shelter_n that_o be_v never_o dress_v yet_o may_v compare_v with_o those_o you_o bestow_v most_o pain_n and_o skill_n on_o the_o dress_n

water_n from_o the_o earth_n into_o it_o much_o land_n there_o be_v in_o england_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o very_a great_a etc._n stone_n shrub_n etc._n etc._n improvement_n by_o remove_v those_o common_a and_o stubborn_a obstacle_n as_o stone_n shrub_n goss_n broom_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v natural_o produce_v in_o many_o place_n and_o the_o fainthearted_a lazy_a and_o sometime_o beggarly_a husbandman_n have_v rather_o let_v they_o grow_v and_o suck_v out_o the_o marrow_n and_o fat_a of_o his_o land_n than_o bestow_v any_o cost_n or_o pain_n to_o remove_v they_o and_o be_v content_v with_o now_o and_o then_o a_o bundle_n of_o bush_n etc._n etc._n when_o the_o removal_n of_o they_o will_v not_o only_o be_v a_o improvement_n of_o his_o land_n by_o their_o absence_n but_o the_o material_n themselves_o by_o a_o right_n and_o judicious_a way_n of_o order_v they_o may_v become_v also_o a_o additional_a improvement_n as_o first_o of_o stone_n which_o be_v pick_v up_o and_o lay_v on_o heap_n about_o the_o root_n of_o either_o fruit_n or_o timber-tree_n plant_v on_o the_o bound_n and_o in_o row_v on_o the_o land_n be_v a_o very_a great_a help_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o such_o tree_n and_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o carry_v they_o off_o the_o ground_n which_o charge_v usual_o exceed_v the_o charge_n of_o pick_v they_o up_o this_o only_a where_o stone_n offend_v or_o be_v injurious_a shrub_n goss_n broom_n etc._n etc._n prove_v a_o very_a great_a annoyance_n to_o husbandry_n and_o the_o difficulty_n and_o charge_n in_o pluck_v they_o up_o be_v the_o principal_a impediment_n to_o their_o removal_n to_o such_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o most_o dextrous_a way_n use_v to_o that_o purpose_n the_o best_a whereof_o i_o find_v to_o be_v this_o describe_v by_o mr._n plat_v viz._n a_o very_a strong_a instrument_n of_o iron_n like_v unto_o a_o dung-fork_n with_o three_o grain_n or_o tines_n only_o much_o big_a according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o shrub_n you_o use_v it_o about_o the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o long_a stail_n or_o handle_v like_o a_o leaver_n now_o set_v this_o instrument_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o root_n slopewise_o and_o with_o a_o hedging-beetle_n drive_v it_o in_o a_o good_a depth_n then_o lift_v up_o the_o stail_n and_o place_n under_o it_o across_o a_o iron-bar_n or_o suchlike_a fulciment_n to_o keep_v it_o straight_o and_o that_o it_o sink_v not_o into_o the_o ground_n then_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o cord_n that_o before_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stail_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n may_v you_o eradicate_v any_o shrub_n etc._n etc._n if_o it_o will_v not_o do_v at_o once_o place_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n etc._n etc._n these_o bush_n brake_n and_o suchlike_a though_o they_o be_v of_o little_a worth_n or_o use_n for_o any_o other_o thing_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o necessary_a and_o beneficial_a to_o improve_v the_o land_n by_o burn_v they_o be_v dry_a either_o by_o themselves_o or_o under_o heap_n of_o turf_n earth_n etc._n etc._n as_o before_o 5._o chap._n 5._o be_v observe_v some_o land_n be_v more_o prone_a and_o subject_a to_o weed_n and_o that_o in_o weed_n weed_n some_o year_n than_o other_o which_o be_v often_o occasion_v by_o water_n stand_v on_o it_o destroy_v the_o corn_n and_o such_o seed_n that_o be_v usual_o sow_o in_o it_o and_o nourish_v such_o weed_n that_o most_o delight_n in_o moisture_n the_o only_a remedy_n whereof_o be_v to_o lay_v it_o dry_a and_o add_v some_o convenient_a dry_n and_o lighten_v material_n or_o compost_n thereon_o as_o sand_n ash_n etc._n etc._n also_o some_o sort_n of_o dung_n or_o manure_n cause_v weed_n as_o dung_n make_v of_o straw_n hawm_n fern_n or_o suchlike_a lay_v on_o land_n in_o any_o great_a quantity_n without_o any_o other_o mixture_n of_o horse-dung_n sheeps-dung_n lime_n ash_n or_o suchlike_a hot_a compost_n which_o do_v in_o some_o measure_n correct_v the_o cold_a and_o sluggish_a quality_n of_o it_o but_o in_o some_o year_n and_o on_o some_o land_n any_o ordinary_a cold_a dung_n beget_v weed_n which_o injure_v the_o corn_n more_o than_o the_o fatness_n of_o the_o dung_n advantage_n therefore_o lime_n marle_n chalk_n ash_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o most_o land_n weed_n in_o pasture-land_n be_v best_a destroy_v by_o burn_v of_o it_o in_o turf_n as_o before_o we_o discover_v or_o by_o plough_v of_o it_o without_o 5._o chap._n 5._o burn_v rush_n flage_n and_o suchlike_a aquaticks_n be_v best_a destroy_v by_o etc._n rush_n flag_n etc._n etc._n drain_n so_o that_o you_o cut_v your_o drain_v below_o the_o root_n thereof_o that_o it_o may_v take_v away_o the_o matter_n that_o feed_v they_o the_o sowthistle_n prove_v a_o great_a annoyance_n to_o some_o land_n by_o sowthistle_n sowthistle_n kill_v the_o grass_n corn_n etc._n etc._n although_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a token_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o land_n the_o way_n to_o destroy_v they_o be_v to_o cut_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n before_o feeding-time_n the_o advantage_n you_o will_v receive_v will_v answer_v your_o expense_n and_o more_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v this_o so_o common_a and_o know_v a_o annoyance_n fern._n fern._n be_v to_o mow_v it_o off_o in_o the_o spring_n whether_o with_o a_o iron_n or_o wooden_a since_o it_o matter_n not_o for_o it_o will_v easy_o break_v which_o work_v reiterate_v the_o same_o year_n as_o fast_o as_o it_o grow_v and_o it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v that_o it_o will_v kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o fern_n for_o ever_o after_o improvement_n and_o better_v the_o land_n by_o soil_v marling_n or_o liming_n etc._n etc._n be_v also_o a_o principal_a remedy_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o broom_n furze_n heath_n and_o other_o suchlike_a trumpery_n that_o delight_n only_o in_o barren_a land_n very_o much_o differ_v from_o mildew_n be_v the_o blight_v of_o corn_n smut_n blight_n and_o smut_n the_o mildew_n proceed_v from_o a_o different_a cause_n and_o happen_v only_o in_o dry_a summer_n when_o on_o the_o contrary_a blight_n happen_v in_o wet_a and_o be_v also_o occasion_v through_o the_o too_o much_o fatness_n and_o rankness_n in_o land_n as_o be_v observe_v that_o strong_a land_n be_v usual_o sow_o with_o barley_n pease_n or_o suchlike_a to_o abate_v the_o fertility_n thereof_o before_o it_o be_v sow_o with_o wheat_n which_o will_v otherwise_o be_v subject_a to_o blight_n or_o blast_v also_o wheat_n sow_o on_o level_n or_o low_a land_n in_o moist_a year_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o inconvenience_n for_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o wheat_n that_o grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ridge_n in_o moist_a year_n to_o be_v better_a and_o free_a than_o what_o grow_v in_o the_o furrow_n which_o be_v usual_o blight_v by_o mean_n of_o water_n and_o fatness_n lie_v more_o about_o it_o than_o the_o other_o for_o wheat_n natural_o affect_v to_o be_v keep_v dry_a on_o moist_a and_o strong_a ground_n therefore_o as_o moisture_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o ground_n together_o occasion_n this_o disease_n by_o know_v thereof_o you_o may_v easy_o remedy_v it_o by_o lay_v your_o land_n on_o high_a ridge_n which_o if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o rich_a the_o wheat_n grow_v thereon_o will_v hardly_o be_v blight_v if_o not_o overcome_v with_o moisture_n smut_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n therefore_o need_v we_o smut_n smut_n to_o say_v the_o less_o only_o that_o sometime_o smuttiness_n proceed_v from_o other_o cause_n as_o by_o sow_v of_o smutty-corn_n by_o soil_v the_o land_n with_o rot_a vegetable_n as_o straw_n hawm_n fern_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v that_o the_o smutty_a grain_n of_o wheat_n be_v sow_o will_v grow_v and_o produce_v ear_n of_o smut_n but_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v and_o shall_v therefore_o suspend_v the_o belief_n thereof_o till_o i_o have_v the_o sow_a 〈◊〉_d wheat_n that_o be_v mix_v with_o smut_n do_v general_o produce_v a_o smutty_a crop_n whether_o the_o smut_n itself_o grow_v or_o not_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o prepare_v by_o lime_v of_o it_o which_o be_v thus_o do_v first_o slake_v your_o lime_n and_o then_o moisten_v your_o corn_n and_o stir_v they_o well_o together_o etc._n etc._n and_o sow_v it_o or_o by_o steep_v of_o it_o in_o brine_n either_o of_o which_o be_v good_a prevention_n against_o the_o smut_n you_o may_v also_o prepare_v the_o ground_n by_o liming_n or_o other_o way_n of_o enrich_v it_o with_o sharp_a or_o saline_a dung_n or_o soil_n and_o it_o will_v produce_v corn_n free_a from_o smut_n for_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o land_n often_o sow_o with_o the_o same_o grain_n or_o much_o out_o of_o heart_n produce_v a_o smutty_a crop_n as_o may_v be_v

fail_v than_o in_o the_o champion_n country_n wet_a summer_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a as_o dry_v the_o vale_n and_o enclosure_n also_o be_v by_o far_o the_o great_a support_n of_o our_o english_a granary_n than_o the_o open_v champion_n and_o the_o hill_n which_o yield_v we_o it_o be_v true_a the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o drink-corn_n delight_v in_o the_o more_o hungry_a soil_n and_o prove_v a_o good_a supply_n in_o a_o wet_a summer_n for_o the_o other_o chap._n iii_o of_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n land_n and_o the_o several_a way_n of_o their_o improvement_n either_o by_o water_v or_o drown_v or_o by_o sow_v or_o propagate_a several_a sort_n of_o extraordinary_a grass_n or_o hays_n etc._n etc._n meadow_n and_o pasture_n land_n be_v of_o so_o considerable_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n that_o they_o be_v by_o some_o prefer_v above_o arable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o advantage_n they_o bring_v annual_o into_o his_o coffer_n with_o so_o little_a toil_n expense_n and_o hazard_n far_o exceed_v in_o value_n the_o corn_n land_n and_o of_o principal_a use_n for_o the_o increase_n and_o maintenance_n of_o his_o gattle_n his_o better_a food_n and_o the_o chief_a strength_n he_o have_v for_o the_o tilling_n and_o improve_n his_o other_o land_n meadow_n and_o pasture_n land_n be_v general_o of_o two_o sort_n wet_a or_o dry_a the_o wet_a meadow_n be_v such_o that_o the_o water_n overflow_v or_o drown_v at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n under_o which_o term_n we_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o such_o meadow_n or_o other_o land_n that_o be_v artificial_o water_v or_o overflow_v or_o that_o be_v under_o that_o capacity_n of_o improvement_n the_o dry_a meadow_n or_o pasture_n be_v such_o that_o be_v not_o overflow_v or_o water_v by_o any_o river_n or_o stream_n under_o which_o we_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o such_o enclosure_n or_o several_n that_o lie_v warm_a and_o in_o a_o fertile_a soil_n yield_v a_o annual_a burden_n of_o hay_n or_o grass_n or_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n by_o sow_v or_o propagate_a of_o new_a grass_n hays_n etc._n etc._n or_o other_o way_n of_o improvement_n sect_n i._o of_o the_o water_v of_o meadow_n of_o wet_a meadow_n or_o land_n under_o that_o capacity_n of_o be_v overflow_v or_o water_v there_o be_v several_a sort_n first_o such_o meadow_n that_o lie_v general_o flat_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o great_a river_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o overflow_n of_o such_o river_n in_o time_n of_o land-flood_n only_o second_o such_o meadow_n that_o lie_v near_o to_o lesser_a river_n or_o stream_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v drown_v or_o water_v by_o divert_v such_o river_n or_o some_o part_n thereof_o out_o of_o its_o natural_a current_n over_o the_o same_o three_o such_o meadow_n or_o land_n that_o lie_v above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n and_o yet_o be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n by_o raise_v the_o water_n by_o some_o artificial_a way_n or_o mean_n over_o they_o all_o which_o sort_n of_o meadow_n or_o land_n under_o those_o capacity_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v by_o the_o water_n overflow_a they_o as_o every_o country_n and_o place_n can_v sufficient_o evidence_n and_o testify_v humida_fw-la majores_fw-la herbas_fw-la alit_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n neither_o be_v there_o scarce_o any_o kingdom_n or_o country_n in_o the_o world_n where_o this_o be_v not_o esteem_v a_o excellent_a improvement_n how_o can_v egypt_n subsist_v unless_o nilus_n do_v annual_o fertilise_v its_o bank_n by_o its_o inundation_n several_a other_o potent_a and_o wealthy_a country_n there_o be_v in_o those_o african_a and_o asian_a territory_n who_o rich_a and_o most_o fertile_a land_n be_v maintain_v in_o their_o fertility_n by_o the_o sediment_n of_o the_o overflow_a water_n huc_fw-la summis_fw-la liquuntur_fw-la rupibus_fw-la amnes_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n felicemque_fw-la trahunt_fw-la limum_fw-la but_o these_o be_v natural_a yet_o be_v not_o some_o country_n without_o their_o artificial_a way_n of_o advance_v this_o ponderous_a element_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a improvement_n as_o persia_n italy_n etc._n etc._n abound_v with_o most_o ingenious_a way_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o for_o their_o meadow_n as_o other_o necessary_a use_n on_o the_o bank_n and_o border_n of_o our_o great_a river_n and_o current_n be_v flood_n of_o meadow_n water_v by_o flood_n the_o most_o and_o rich_a meadow_n consist_v general_o of_o a_o very_a good_a fat_a soil_n as_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o very_a sediment_n of_o the_o water_n overflow_a the_o same_o after_o great_a and_o hasty_a rain_n such_o meadow_n be_v capable_a of_o very_o little_a improvement_n especial_o those_o that_o border_n on_o the_o great_a river_n as_o thames_n severn_n trent_n ouse_n etc._n etc._n uncapable_a of_o obstruction_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o husbandman_n yet_o where_o such_o meadow_n lie_v on_o the_o border_n of_o great_a river_n be_v of_o a_o dry_a and_o hungry_a soil_n and_o not_o frequent_o overflow_v by_o land-flood_n may_v artificial_a work_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o raise_v the_o water_n over_o the_o same_o to_o a_o very_a considerable_a advantage_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o in_o this_o chapter_n other_o meadow_n there_o be_v and_o those_o the_o most_o general_a in_o england_n etc._n of_o meadow_n water_v by_o diversion_n of_o river_n etc._n etc._n that_o border_n on_o the_o lesser_a river_n stream_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o many_o place_n be_v overflow_v or_o drown_v by_o divert_v the_o water_n out_o of_o its_o natural_a and_o usual_a current_n over_o they_o this_o be_v of_o late_o become_v one_o of_o the_o most_o universal_a and_o advantageous_a improvement_n in_o england_n within_o these_o few_o year_n and_o yet_o not_o comparable_a to_o what_o it_o may_v be_v advance_v unto_o in_o case_n these_o several_a obstruction_n be_v remove_v that_o impede_fw-la this_o most_o noble_a and_o profitable_a improvement_n first_o the_o several_a interest_n that_o be_v in_o land_n border_v on_o river_n drown_v hindrance_n to_o drown_v hinder_v very_o much_o this_o improvement_n because_o the_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v over_o several_a quantity_n of_o land_n under_o this_o capacity_n but_o through_o the_o land_n of_o ignorant_a and_o cross_a neighbour_n who_o will_v not_o consent_v thereunto_o although_o for_o their_o own_o advantage_n also_o under_o unreasonable_a term_n and_o some_o will_v not_o at_o all_o other_o be_v not_o by_o the_o law_n capacitate_v for_o such_o consent_n as_o we_o note_v before_o concern_v enclosure_n second_o that_o great_a and_o pernicious_a impediment_n to_o this_o improvement_n mill_n stand_v on_o so_o many_o fruitful_a stream_n prohibit_v the_o laborious_a and_o ingenious_a husbandman_n to_o receive_v the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o such_o stream_n and_o river_n carry_v in_o their_o bowel_n so_o much_o wealth_n into_o the_o ocean_n when_o the_o mill_n themselves_o yield_v not_o a_o ten_o of_o the_o profit_n to_o the_o owner_n that_o they_o hinder_v to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o their_o work_n may_v as_o well_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o wind_n as_o by_o the_o water_n or_o at_o least_o the_o water_n improve_v to_o a_o better_a advantage_n by_o facilitate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mill_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o three_o another_o grand_a impediment_n be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o countryman_n who_o in_o many_o place_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o apprehend_v neither_o the_o improvement_n nor_o the_o cause_n thereof_o but_o because_o some_o certain_a neighbour_n of_o they_o have_v their_o land_n overflow_v a_o long_a time_n and_o be_v little_a the_o better_a therefore_o will_v they_o not_o undergo_v that_o charge_n to_o so_o little_a purpose_n or_o because_o they_o be_v common_o possess_v with_o a_o foolish_a opinion_n that_o the_o water_n leave_v all_o its_o fatness_n on_o the_o ground_n it_o flow_v over_o and_o therefore_o will_v not_o advantage_v the_o next_o which_o be_v most_o untrue_a for_o i_o have_v see_v meadow_n successive_o drown_v with_o the_o same_o water_n to_o almost_o a_o equal_a improvement_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o it_o be_v true_a the_o water_n leave_v its_o fatness_n it_o have_v wash_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o highway_n in_o the_o time_n of_o great_a rain_n but_o we_o find_v by_o daily_a experience_n that_o meadow_n be_v fertilize_v by_o overflow_a as_o well_o in_o frosty_a clear_a and_o dry_a weather_n as_o in_o rainy_a and_o that_o to_o a_o very_a considerable_a improvement_n and_o also_o by_o the_o most_o clear_a and_o transparent_a stream_n be_v improve_v ordinary_a land_n that_o they_o become_v most_o fertile_a meadow_n four_o from_o a_o greedy_a and_o covetous_a principle_n they_o suffer_v the_o grass_n to_o stand_v so_o long_o on_o the_o water_a meadow_n that_o it_o be_v much_o discolour_v and_o grow_v so_o hawmy_a and_o neither_o so_o toothsome_a nor_o wholesome_a as_o that_o on_o unwatered_a meadow_n

it_o down_o it_o may_v yield_v a_o very_a good_a grass_n after_o the_o corn_n be_v carry_v off_o and_o soon_o come_v to_o a_o sward_n the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v in_o height_n according_a as_o it_o be_v inclinable_a to_o moisture_n or_o drought_n new_a break_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v sow_v with_o pease_n the_o first_o year_n save_v one_o plough_v and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o herbage_n the_o summer_n before_o it_o also_o destroy_v the_o weed_n and_o better_a prepare_v the_o land_n for_o any_o other_o grain_n in_o every_o part_n of_o england_n there_o be_v much_o waste_a land_n and_o other_o land_n poor_a and_o barren_a land_n old_a pasture_n that_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o barren_a land_n although_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o good_a husbandry_n it_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o tillage_n and_o become_v very_o fruitful_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o husbandman_n in_o particular_a and_o commonwealth_n in_o general_a as_o be_v evident_a in_o many_o particular_a parcel_n late_o enclose_v and_o take_v out_o of_o the_o suppose_a barren_a heath_n and_o commons_o that_o be_v now_o fruitful_a field_n therefore_o before_o any_o thing_n considerable_a can_v be_v effect_v to_o the_o improvement_n and_o right_n order_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n the_o design_n of_o enclosure_n ought_v to_o be_v serious_o prosecute_v but_o for_o such_o that_o be_v already_o enclose_v and_o yet_o remain_v barren_a and_o unfruitful_a it_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n of_o the_o ill_a management_n of_o the_o proprietor_n or_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o possession_n have_v but_o a_o short_a time_n or_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o nature_n and_o order_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o which_o be_v too_o common_a that_o the_o present_a charge_n of_o good_a husbandry_n exceed_v a_o ill_a husband_n store_n his_o poor_a and_o beggarly_a farm_n have_v waste_v what_o he_o have_v and_o he_o have_v no_o more_o to_o try_v new_a conclusion_n withal_o and_o in_o this_o condition_n be_v abundance_n of_o land_n in_o this_o kingdom_n barren_a land_n poor_a cattle_n and_o bad_a corn_n do_v insensible_o as_o it_o be_v devour_v we_o because_o once_o in_o five_o or_o seven_o year_n in_o a_o very_a wet_a summer_n or_o suchlike_a when_o the_o rich_a vale_n suffer_v these_o barren_a land_n yield_v a_o considerable_a advantage_n which_o as_o a_o lottery_n encourage_v we_o to_o beggary_n the_o best_a and_o speedy_a way_n to_o reduce_v these_o land_n that_o have_v long_o lie_v untilled_a and_o that_o have_v a_o sward_n either_o of_o sour_a grass_n or_o of_o rush_n weed_n or_o suchlike_a or_o of_o heathy_a goss_n fern_n or_o broom_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o have_v contract_v a_o evil_a juice_n injurious_a to_o vegetation_n and_o withal_o a_o fertile_a terrestrial_a salt_n the_o best_a way_n i_o say_v to_o improve_v and_o reduce_v these_o land_n into_o tillage_n be_v to_o burn_v boot_n or_o denshire_v they_o as_o be_v hereafter_o show_v which_o way_n be_v use_v on_o the_o barren_a and_o poor_a land_n in_o england_n or_o wales_n where_o before_o hardly_o any_o thing_n will_v grow_v now_o will_v grow_v as_o good_a wheat_n or_o other_o grain_n as_o on_o the_o best_a land_n you_o have_v many_o precedent_n hereof_o there_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o england_n where_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n by_o this_o only_a mean_n the_o husbandman_n gain_v as_o much_o above_o all_o expense_n as_o the_o purchase_n of_o the_o land_n be_v worth_a before_o observe_v only_o this_o caution_n that_o you_o be_v not_o too_o greedy_a to_o sow_v it_o so_o often_o till_o you_o have_v draw_v out_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o land_n which_o then_o it_o will_v easy_o yield_v that_o it_o must_v lie_v rest_v many_o year_n to_o gain_v a_o sward_n again_o nor_o that_o you_o expend_v the_o soil_n make_v of_o the_o straw_n on_o other_o land_n which_o ill_a husbandry_n be_v general_o use_v that_o it_o bring_v a_o ill_a name_n on_o this_o part_n of_o improvement_n which_o if_o well_o soil_v and_o lay_v for_o pasture_n after_o two_o crop_n will_v yield_v a_o very_a good_a grass_n as_o i_o have_v see_v experience_v or_o else_o may_v be_v sow_v with_o new_a hays_n or_o grass_n sect_n ii_o of_o digging_z of_o land_n for_o corn._n the_o spade_n seem_v to_o contend_v with_o the_o plough_n for_o antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v in_o use_n before_o it_o the_o spade_n be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o simple_a instrument_n and_o withal_o the_o laborious_a the_o plough_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o invention_n for_o expedition_n ease_n and_o advantage_n to_o which_o general_o all_o new_a invention_n shall_v tend_v but_o that_o now_o at_o last_o the_o spade_n shall_v supplant_v the_o plough_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o as_o the_o one_o be_v necessary_a and_o useful_a for_o the_o better_a propagate_a of_o plant_n that_o take_v deep_a root_n so_o be_v the_o other_o as_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a for_o such_o that_o root_n more_o shallow_a as_o corn_n and_o pulse_n usual_o do_v other_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o loosen_a and_o temper_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o seed_n the_o better_a to_o extend_v and_o spread_v their_o root_n and_o for_o the_o better_a bury_n and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n these_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n than_o the_o depth_n only_o but_o all_o these_o by_o a_o judicious_a and_o industrious_a husbandman_n be_v remedy_v and_o perform_v by_o the_o plough_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o spade_n for_o if_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n will_v bear_v it_o or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o seed_n you_o sow_n require_v it_o a_o double_a plough_n the_o one_o succeed_v dig_v deep_o plough_v as_o good_a as_o dig_v the_o other_o in_o depth_n may_v be_v make_v or_o the_o labour_n may_v be_v perform_v by_o two_o plough_n the_o one_o follow_v the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o furrow_n but_o if_o a_o plough_n be_v artificial_o make_v and_o set_v to_o work_v deep_a although_o yond_o plough_n the_o less_o in_o a_o day_n it_o will_v stir_v the_o land_n deep_a enough_o for_o any_o of_o our_o usual_a grain_n or_o pulse_n and_o as_o for_o break_v or_o temper_v the_o land_n and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n plough_v and_o cross_a plough_v at_o several_a season_n will_v do_v more_o and_o at_o less_o expense_n than_o once_o dig_v can_v do_v and_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v draw_v over_o the_o same_o before_o your_o last_o plough_v a_o large_a kind_n of_o harrow_n very_o heavy_a or_o with_o a_o sufficient_a weight_n on_o it_o which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v usual_o call_v drag_v this_o extremity_n be_v only_o necessary_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o stiff_a land_n other_o light_a be_v much_o more_o easy_o manage_v mr._n platt_n in_o his_o adam_n tool_n revive_v or_o his_o new_a art_n of_o set_v corn_n where_o he_o so_o much_o contend_v for_o the_o spade_n give_v this_o instance_n of_o the_o plough_n that_o a_o parcel_n of_o land_n first_o cross_v plough_v with_o a_o deep-cutting_a plough_n and_o then_o plough_v over_o the_o three_o time_n with_o a_o shallow_a plough_n that_o make_v very_o close_a and_o narrow_a furrow_n than_o be_v the_o seed_n sow_o by_o a_o skilful_a sower_n and_o then_o harrow_v over_o yield_v fifteen_o quarter_n on_o each_o acre_n so_o till_v and_o sow_o i_o presume_v if_o this_o relation_n may_v upon_o experience_n prove_v true_a that_o none_o will_v be_v so_o much_o conceit_v of_o a_o novelty_n as_o to_o desert_n this_o method_n of_o agriculture_n for_o that_o tedious_a and_o costly_a way_n of_o the_o spade_n but_o in_o case_n it_o do_v not_o annual_o amount_v unto_o such_o a_o prodigious_a increase_n as_o this_o precedent_n yet_o do_v it_o plain_o evidence_n that_o good_a culture_n do_v infinite_o meliorate_v the_o land_n and_o advance_v the_o crop_n and_o manifold_o repay_v the_o expense_n and_o labour_n bestow_v thereon_o which_o be_v the_o most_o you_o can_v expect_v of_o the_o spade_n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o different_a species_n of_o grain_n corn_n pulse_n etc._n etc._n usual_o sow_o or_o necessary_a to_o be_v propagate_v in_o our_o countryfarm_n there_o be_v not_o any_o grain_n more_o universal_o useful_a and_o necessary_a wheat_n wheat_n than_o wheat_n whereof_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n some_o more_o agreeable_a and_o better_a thrive_a on_o some_o sort_n of_o land_n than_o on_o other_o that_o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o husbandman_n advantage_n right_o to_o understand_v the_o natural_a temper_n of_o his_o land_n and_o what_o species_n of_o grain_n and_o particular_a sort_n of_o such_o grain_n best_o agree_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o land_n as_o some_o sort_n of_o land_n bear_v pulse_n better_a than_o corn_n and_o some_o bear_v barley_n better_o than_o wheat_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o wheat_n

prove_v better_a on_o cold_a stiff_a land_n than_o on_o hot_a or_o dry_a etc._n etc._n we_o find_v many_o sort_n of_o wheat_n mention_v in_o our_o rustic_a author_n as_o whole_a straw-wheat_n rivet-wheat_n white_a and_o red_a pollard-wheat_n white_a and_o wheat_n kind_n of_o wheat_n red_a great_a and_o small_a turkey-wheat_n purkey-wheat_n gray-wheat_n flaxen-weat_a i_o suppose_v the_o same_o in_o some_o place_n call_v lammas-wheat_n chiltern_n ograve-wheat_n sarasins-wheat_n with_o several_a other_o name_n though_o it_o be_v probable_a may_v be_v the_o same_o sort_n the_o great_a pollard_n they_o say_v delight_n best_a on_o stiff_a land_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ograve_n flaxen-wheat_n and_o lammas_n on_o indifferent_a land_n and_o sarasins-wheat_n on_o any_o but_o what_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o these_o and_o other_o several_a sort_n be_v and_o in_o what_o land_n they_o most_o principal_o delight_v and_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o culture_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o more_o ingenious_a and_o expert_a husbandman_n to_o find_v out_o and_o discover_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o bearded-wheat_n suffer_v not_o by_o mildew_n because_o the_o beard_n thereof_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o defence_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o dew_n wheat_n be_v usual_o sow_o in_o the_o autumn_n and_o best_a in_o a_o wet_a season_n triticum_fw-la luto_fw-la hordeum_fw-la pulvere_fw-la conserite_fw-la and_o either_o early_o or_o late_a as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n require_v this_o be_v another_o very_a necessary_a grain_n though_o usual_o convert_v barley_n barley_n to_o the_o worst_a use_n of_o any_o that_o grow_v in_o england_n it_o be_v the_o principal_a ingredient_n into_o our_o necessary_a drink_n moderate_o use_v but_o the_o use_n thereof_o in_o excess_n be_v become_v the_o most_o general_a rage_a vice_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n to_o most_o other_o detestable_a evil_n it_o be_v also_o a_o bane_n to_o ingenuity_n many_o of_o our_o best_a mechanic_n be_v too_o much_o addict_v to_o the_o tincture_n of_o this_o grain_n nevertheless_o it_o so_o natural_o delight_v in_o our_o mean_a sort_n of_o land_n and_o in_o the_o champion_n country_n that_o it_o be_v become_v a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o countryman_z tillage_n that_o the_o too_o great_a a_o quantity_n thereof_o do_v impede_fw-la the_o propagation_n of_o several_a other_o grain_n and_o pulse_n much_o more_o necessary_a neither_o know_v i_o any_o way_n to_o remedy_v this_o neglect_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o wilfulness_n on_o the_o other_o unless_o the_o design_n of_o enclosure_n may_v take_v effect_n for_o than_o will_v the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o enrich_v that_o they_o will_v bear_v other_o grain_n to_o a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n than_o barley_n or_o that_o a_o double_a or_o treble_a tax_n may_v be_v impose_v on_o every_o acre_n of_o barley-land_n for_o what_o it_o be_v on_o other_o grain_n which_o will_v provoke_v the_o husbandman_n to_o that_o which_o will_v be_v most_o for_o his_o advantage_n then_o will_v there_o be_v a_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o grain_n and_o pulse_n and_o at_o a_o low_a price_n and_o only_o good_a liquor_n a_o little_a the_o dear_a which_o may_v by_o housekeeper_n the_o easy_o be_v bear_v withal_o the_o season_n for_o sow_v of_o barley_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n some_o sow_n in_o march_n some_o in_o april_n other_o not_o until_o may_v yet_o with_o good_a success_n no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v herein_o prescribe_v it_o usual_o prove_v as_o the_o succeed_a wether_n happen_v only_o a_o dry_a time_n be_v most_o kind_o for_o the_o seed_n there_o be_v little_a difference_n observe_v in_o barley_n only_o there_o be_v one_o barley_n difference_n of_o barley_n sort_n call_v rath-ripe_a barley_n which_o be_v usual_o ripe_a two_o or_o three_o week_n before_o the_o other_o and_o delight_v best_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o hot_a and_o dry_a land_n this_o be_v a_o grain_n general_o know_v and_o delight_v in_o a_o dry_a warm_a rye_n rye_n land_n and_o will_v grow_v in_o most_o sort_n of_o land_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o temper_v and_o loose_a it_o need_v not_o so_o rich_a a_o ground_n nor_o so_o much_o care_n nor_o cost_v bestow_v thereon_o as_o do_v the_o wheat_n only_o it_o must_v be_v sow_v in_o a_o dry_a time_n for_o rain_v soon_o drown_v it_o they_o usual_o say_v a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v drown_v it_o in_o the_o hopper_n wet_a be_v so_o great_a a_o enemy_n to_o it_o it_o be_v quick_a of_o growth_n soon_o up_o after_o it_o be_v sow_v and_o soon_o in_o the_o ear_n usual_o in_o april_n and_o also_o soon_o ripe_v than_o other_o grain_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n be_v it_o usual_a to_o sow_v wheat_n and_o rye_n mix_v which_o grow_v together_o and_o be_v reap_v together_o but_o the_o rye_n must_v needs_o be_v ripe_a before_o the_o wheat_n neither_o can_v i_o discover_v where_o a_o great_a advantage_n lie_v in_o sow_v they_o together_o than_o in_o sow_v they_o apart_o the_o principal_a season_n of_o sow_v of_o rye_n be_v in_o the_o autumn_n about_o september_n according_a as_o the_o season_n permit_v and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v oat_n be_v very_o profitable_a and_o necessary_a grain_n in_o most_o place_n of_o oat_n oat_n england_n they_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a grain_n horse_n affect_v and_o commend_v for_o that_o use_n above_o any_o other_o on_o such_o land_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a no_o other_o grain_n will_v thrive_v yet_o oat_n grow_v there_o plentiful_o as_o many_o place_n in_o wales_n and_o derbyshire_n can_v witness_v there_o be_v no_o ground_n too_o rich_a nor_o too_o poor_a too_o hot_a nor_o too_o cold_a for_o they_o they_o be_v esteem_v a_o peeler_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o best_a season_n for_o sow_v of_o they_o be_v in_o february_n or_o march_n the_o white_a oat_n be_v the_o best_a and_o heavy_a grain_n the_o meal_n make_v good_a bread_n and_o much_o use_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o many_o place_n and_o also_o good_a pottage_n and_o several_a other_o mess_n and_o be_v in_o great_a request_n towards_o scotland_n and_o in_o wales_n oaten_a malt_n also_o make_v good_a beer_n it_o be_v a_o grain_n exceed_v advanteous_a on_o barren_a sandy_a land_n french-wheat_n buck-wheat_n or_o french-wheat_n it_o be_v much_o sow_v in_o surrey_n much_o less_o than_o any_o other_o grain_n sow_n a_o acre_n it_o be_v usual_o sow_v as_o barley_n but_o late_a it_o be_v also_o late_o ripe_a and_o yield_v a_o very_a great_a increase_n and_o be_v excellent_a food_n for_o swine_n poultry_n etc._n etc._n after_o it_o be_v mow_v it_o must_v lie_v several_a day_n till_o the_o stalk_n be_v wither_v before_o it_o be_v house_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o danger_n of_o the_o seed_n fall_v from_o it_o our_o rustic_a author_n mention_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o corn_n or_o grain_n other_o sort_n of_o grain_n grain_n as_o xea_n or_o spelt-corn_n far_o millet_n sesame_n rice_n etc._n etc._n which_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o particularize_v on_o until_o we_o be_v better_o satisfy_v of_o their_o nature_n and_o use_n and_o experience_v in_o the_o way_n or_o method_n of_o their_o propagation_n of_o all_o pulse_n that_o be_v sow_v or_o propagate_v pease_n claim_v the_o pease_n pease_n pre-eminence_n not_o only_o for_o their_o general_a use_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o also_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o kind_n almost_o for_o every_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o for_o every_o season_n a_o different_a sort_n of_o pease_n some_o be_v white_a pease_n some_o gray_a green_a etc._n etc._n not_o necessary_a here_o to_o be_v enumerate_v every_o understand_a husbandman_n know_v what_o sort_v best_a accord_n with_o his_o land_n in_o a_o stiff_a fertile_a ground_n they_o yield_v a_o very_a considerable_a crop_n without_o such_o frequent_a fallowing_n as_o other_o grain_n require_v and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n and_o fit_a and_o prepare_v the_o land_n for_o after-crop_n be_v a_o improver_n and_o not_o a_o impoverisher_n of_o land_n as_o husbandman_n usual_o observe_v this_o also_o be_v of_o general_a use_n and_o benefit_n and_o place_v before_o any_o bean_n bean_n other_o pulse_n by_o pliny_n for_o its_o commodiousness_n both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n yet_o we_o find_v the_o pease_n to_o be_v more_o universal_o propagate_v of_o bean_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n the_o great_a garden-bean_n and_o middle_a sort_n of_o bean_n and_o the_o small_a bean_n or_o horse-bean_n the_o late_a only_a be_v usual_o sow_v in_o plough_v land_n and_o delight_n principal_o in_o stiff_a and_o strong_a ground_n and_o thrive_v not_o in_o light_n sandy_a or_o barren_a they_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v sow_o

lombardy_n they_o esteem_v they_o much_o above_o other_o dung_n it_o be_v best_a to_o lay_v they_o either_o on_o corn_n or_o pasture_n or_o meadow_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o the_o shower_n may_v the_o easy_o dissolve_v they_o soot_n also_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o to_o be_v very_o good_a especial_o that_o soot_n soot_n which_o be_v make_v of_o wood._n it_o be_v most_o beneficial_a to_o tree_n or_o plant_n that_o either_o grow_v in_o the_o shade_n or_o to_o cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n common_a salt_n may_v prove_v advantageous_a if_o use_v with_o moderation_n salt_n salt_n and_o discretion_n as_o well_o to_o saltish_a sand_n mud_n earth_n etc._n etc._n some_o commend_v very_o much_o the_o sweep_a of_o a_o ship_n of_o salt_n or_o drossy_a salt_n and_o brine_n it_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n as_o daily_a experience_n testify_v be_v dissolve_v and_o seed-corn_n steep_v therein_o to_o prevent_v the_o smut_n and_o add_v fertility_n as_o we_o note_v before_o in_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o seed_n there_o be_v also_o a_o relation_n of_o one_o that_o sow_v a_o bushel_n of_o salt_n long_o before_o on_o a_o small_a patch_n of_o barren_a ground_n at_o clapham_n which_o to_o that_o day_n remain_v more_o fresh_a and_o green_a and_o full_a of_o swarth_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o field_n about_o it_o this_o though_o not_o a_o beneficial_a experiment_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o price_n of_o salt_n yet_o a_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o the_o fertility_n that_o be_v in_o salt_n and_o give_v we_o encouragement_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o brines_n of_o salt-pit_n or_o suchlike_a now_o not_o in_o much_o esteem_n in_o rag_n of_o all_o sort_n there_o be_v good_a virtue_n they_o be_v carry_v far_o rog_n rog_n and_o lay_v upon_o land_n and_o have_v they_o in_o a_o warm_n improve_n temper_n one_o good_a load_n will_v go_v as_o far_o as_o a_o dozen_o or_o more_o of_o the_o best_a cowdung_n divers_a also_o have_v find_v singular_a profit_n in_o the_o hair_n that_o be_v get_v etc._n hair_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o hide_v of_o beast_n be_v thin_o lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o suffer_v to_o putrify_v also_o course_n wool-nippings_a and_o tarry_a pitch-mark_n may_v be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n have_v great_a virtue_n in_o they_o mault-dust_n be_v commend_v as_o a_o inrich_a of_o barren_a land_n but_o mault-dust_n mault-dust_n because_o great_a quantity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v thereof_o it_o be_v best_o to_o be_v use_v in_o garden_n where_o you_o will_v find_v it_o to_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n only_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o breed_v weed_n all_o sort_n of_o fearn_n straw_n brake_n stubble_n rush_n thistle_n etc._n fearn_n straw_n stubble_n etc._n etc._n leave_n of_o tree_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o vegetable_a trash_n whatever_o either_o cast_v into_o the_o yard_n among_o the_o cattle_n or_o swine_n or_o cast_v into_o pool_n or_o place_n to_o rot_v in_o or_o mix_v with_o other_o soil_n help_v very_o much_o and_o make_v very_o good_a compost_n all_o marrowbone_n fish-bone_n horn_n or_o shave_n of_o horn_n or_o etc._n bones_o horn_n stink_a flesh_n etc._n etc._n liquor_n wherein_o flesh_n or_o fish_n have_v lie_v or_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o have_v any_o oiliness_n or_o fatness_n in_o it_o be_v useful_a in_o husband_v land_n it_o be_v not_o much_o labour_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o bone_n of_o horse_n or_o other_o beast_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n at_o some_o dog-kennel_n which_o if_o being_n burn_v in_o heap_n with_o some_o small_a addition_n of_o fuel_n will_v be_v of_o good_a effect_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o land_n there_o be_v in_o all_o bark_n a_o very_a rich_a salt_n but_o in_o the_o oaken-bark_n the_o tree_n bark_n of_o tree_n most_o which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o principal_o by_o tanner_n but_o such_o bark_n or_o rind_n of_o tree_n not_o of_o so_o high_a a_o value_n be_v break_v into_o small_a piece_n must_v of_o necessity_n enrich_v either_o corn_n or_o pasture-ground_n be_v willow-tree_n earth_n in_o willow-tree_n lay_v thereon_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v much_o rich_a than_o the_o mould_n or_o earth_n usual_o find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o old_a large_a and_o hollow_a willow-tree_n that_o be_v putrify_v within_o which_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o effectual_a among_o the_o coal-mine_n they_o usual_o dig_v a_o kind_n of_o blue_a or_o black_a clay_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o coal_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o unripe_a coal_n which_o the_o countryman_n common_o call_v vrry_v which_o they_o urry_n urry_n lie_v on_o their_o pasture_n with_o wonderful_a success_n and_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o warm_a land_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o benefit_n raise_v plant_v and_o propagate_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o timber-tree_n and_o other_o tree_n useful_a either_o in_o building_n or_o other_o mechanic_n use_v or_o for_o fence_v fuel_n etc._n etc._n sect_n i._o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o propagate_a timber-tree_n and_o other_o tree_n in_o general_n the_o propagation_n of_o wood_n or_o tree_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o improvement_n that_o can_v be_v make_v on_o most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n for_o the_o particular_a advantage_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o countryman_n and_o in_o raise_v the_o yearly_a profit_n of_o his_o farm_n and_o very_o much_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o purchase_n thereof_o over_o and_o above_o the_o annual_a gain_n and_o nothing_o can_v render_v a_o seat_n more_o delectable_a and_o pleasant_a than_o wood_n and_o water_n but_o principal_o the_o curious_a grove_n surround_v or_o border_v near_o it_o what_o can_v be_v more_o profitable_a than_o wood_n or_o tree_n which_o will_v thrive_v and_o increase_v on_o the_o most_o barren_a and_o unfruitful_a land_n be_v it_o either_o wet_a or_o dry_a cold_a mountainous_a uneven_a remote_a or_o never_o so_o inapt_a for_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o culture_n where_o neither_o corn_n grass_n or_o any_o other_o necessary_a or_o useful_a vegetable_a will_n hardly_o grow_v yet_o may_v we_o there_o perceive_v the_o lofty_a wood_n flourish_v far_o exceed_v in_o value_n the_o purchase_n of_o the_o land_n without_o they_o and_o instead_o of_o injure_v the_o land_n whereon_o they_o stand_v it_o be_v much_o better_v and_o capacitate_v to_o bear_v tillage_n at_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o tree_n also_o the_o other_o border_a ground_n yield_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o corn_n or_o grass_n by_o their_o defence_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o bitter_a blast_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o scorch_a drought_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o what_o can_v be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o to_o have_v the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o your_o own_o propriety_n preserve_v and_o continue_v from_o age_n to_o age_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o such_o live_n and_o grow_v witness_n in_o the_o spring_n yield_v a_o revive_a cordial_n to_o your_o winter-chilled_n spirit_n give_v you_o a_o assurance_n of_o the_o approach_a summer_n by_o their_o pregnant_a bud_n and_o musical_a inhabitant_n in_o the_o summer_n what_o more_o delectable_a than_o the_o curious_a prospect_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o greenness_n dark_a shade_n and_o retirement_n from_o the_o scorch_a sunbeam_n the_o autumn_n and_o winter_n also_o not_o without_o pleasure_n and_o content_v for_o the_o active_a husbandman_n and_o what_o place_n can_v be_v more_o displease_v and_o ungrateful_a than_o a_o naked_a and_o dry_a seat_n lie_v open_a to_o all_o wind_n and_o weather_n of_o which_o it_o may_v be_v say_v as_o once_o of_o old_a sarum_n est_fw-la ibi_fw-la defectus_fw-la lymphae_fw-la sed_fw-la copia_fw-la cretae_fw-la saevit_fw-la ibi_fw-la ventus_fw-la sed_fw-la philomela_n silet_fw-la as_o for_o the_o more_o particular_a advantage_n and_o benefit_n of_o plant_v advantage_n particular_a advantage_n wood_n and_o tree_n you_o shall_v find_v that_o first_o it_o improve_v and_o meliorates_fw-la the_o land_n itself_o for_o those_o land_n where_o wood_n have_v former_o stand_v and_o be_v now_o grub_v up_o or_o take_v away_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o good_a and_o rich_a and_o bear_v excellent_a corn_n or_o any_o other_o tillage_n or_o grass_n although_o the_o ground_n be_v before_o the_o plant_n or_o grow_v of_o those_o wood_n barren_a lean_a and_o thin_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o border_a land_n on_o either_o side_n of_o such_o wood_n that_o be_v never_o plant_v second_o the_o annual_a profit_n of_o most_o land_n plant_v with_o coppice-wood_n be_v much_o great_a than_o if_o the_o same_o land_n be_v use_v for_o corn_n grass_n or_o suchlike_a for_o i_o have_v know_v on_o a_o hill_n land_n not_o worth_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n above_o five_o shilling_n per_fw-la acre_n that_o at_o twelve_o year_n growth_n the_o coppice-wood_n thereon_o grow_v have_v be_v sell_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la acre_n and_o at_o

clay-ground_n that_o a_o tun_n of_o timber_n can_v not_o be_v thence_o hale_v unless_o in_o the_o dry_a and_o summer-season_n but_o that_o the_o wheel_n will_v sink_v in_o the_o clay_n to_o the_o axletree_n they_o will_v also_o grow_v though_o but_o slow_o on_o the_o high_a stony_a and_o barren_a hill_n the_o acorn_n or_o oaken-mast_n be_v sow_o in_o your_o nursery_n after_o propagation_n propagation_n they_o be_v full_a ripe_a and_o before_o they_o be_v wither_v which_o will_v quick_o be_v if_o they_o lie_v open_a in_o the_o air_n will_v the_o next_o spring_n yield_v you_o plenty_n of_o young_a plant_n which_o you_o may_v order_v and_o transplant_v as_o hereafter_o in_o the_o nursery_n you_o shall_v have_v direction_n or_o for_o expedition-sake_n you_o may_v have_v young_a set_v draw_v by_o those_o that_o seek_v the_o wood_n for_o quicksets_a in_o such_o place_n where_o acorn_n have_v spontaneous_o grow_v and_o be_v shelter_v from_o cattle_n till_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o remove_n 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be_v take_v away_o by_o chap_a let_v your_o plant_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o thumb_n if_o you_o can_v quickset-hedge_n the_o speedy_a and_o best_a way_n of_o plant_v a_o quickset-hedge_n and_o set_v almost_o perpendicular_a and_o cut_v within_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o plant_v in_o a_o double_a row_n at_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n distance_n they_o will_v prosper_v infinite_o and_o much_o outstrip_v the_o close_a range_n of_o our_o trifle_n set_v the_o other_o way_n most_o follow_v for_o the_o plant_n of_o a_o quick_a field_n another_o way_n more_o usual_a and_o better_a for_o the_o field_n hedge_n be_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o ditch_n thus_o place_v the_o first_o row_n of_o set_v on_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o ditch_n in_o the_o upper-mould_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o the_o better_a part_n of_o the_o mould_n take_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n and_o raise_v the_o bank_n about_o eight_o or_o ten_o inch_n above_o they_o then_o place_v another_o 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the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n either_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n or_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fall_n for_o the_o hard_a sort_n of_o wood_n it_o be_v very_o indifferent_a observe_v that_o they_o be_v not_o lop_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n and_o at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n the_o elm_n and_o the_o ash_n and_o suchlike_a pithy_a and_o soft_a wood_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v shroud_v at_o the_o spring_n lest_o the_o winter_n injure_v the_o tree_n always_o observe_v to_o cut_v the_o remain_a stump_n aslope_o and_o shroud_a observation_n in_o shroud_a smooth_a that_o they_o cast_v the_o water_n off_o that_o the_o tree_n perish_v not_o take_v not_o off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o poplar_n nor_o of_o any_o of_o the_o soft_a wood_n before_o shroud_v grow_v upright_o and_o smooth_a after_o they_o have_v attain_v the_o bigness_n of_o one_o leg_n unless_o you_o leave_v some_o collateral_a shoot_n to_o attract_v the_o sap_n for_o it_o will_v endanger_v the_o tree_n 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plantation_n the_o tree_n grow_v tall_a be_v a_o great_a defence_n against_o wind_n a_o most_o excellent_a ornament_n delight_n in_o a_o dry_a sound_a and_o rich_a land_n if_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o feed_a chalk_n or_o marle_n also_o in_o stony_a ground_n and_o on_o hill_n especial_o chalky_a likewise_o in_o cornfield_n in_o several_a place_n in_o germany_n no_o young_a farmer_n be_v permit_v to_o marry_v a_o wife_n till_o he_o bring_v proof_n that_o he_o have_v plant_v and_o be_v a_o father_n of_o such_o a_o state_v number_n of_o walnut-tree_n the_o fruit_n will_v yearly_o sufficient_o recompense_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o drop_v with_o a_o good_a advantage_n the_o timber_n bear_v a_o good_a price_n and_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n in_o every_o place_n strong_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o worm_n but_o be_v not_o to_o be_v entertain_v in_o hedge-row_n no_o tree_n thrive_a under_o its_o drip_v stately_a avenue_n and_o large_a plantation_n be_v of_o they_o in_o 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repay_v in_o the_o fruit._fw-la there_o be_v several_a kind_n of_o they_o some_o be_v a_o small_a crab-quince_a other_o a_o fair_a large_a kind_n of_o quince_n it_o be_v good_a to_o plant_v of_o the_o best_a sort_n and_o the_o best_a bearer_n the_o portugal-quince_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v the_o best_a both_o for_o bear_v and_o use_n mr._n hartlib_n tell_v you_o of_o a_o gentleman_n at_o prichnel_n in_o essex_n who_o legacy_n legacy_n have_v a_o tree_n from_o beyond_o sea_n and_o have_v the_o best_a in_o england_n and_o have_v make_v above_o thirty_o pound_n of_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o ground_n plant_v with_o they_o they_o be_v difficult_a to_o propagate_v they_o will_v grow_v in_o any_o reasonable_a mulberry_n 7_o of_o mulberry_n good_a land_n the_o fruit_n be_v make_v use_n of_o several_a way_n some_o make_v a_o drink_n or_o wine_n of_o they_o it_o be_v very_o good_a to_o colour_v wine_n or_o cider_n but_o the_o great_a and_o most_o principal_a benefit_n and_o use_v of_o the_o mulberry-tree_n be_v the_o leaf_n be_v the_o only_o know_v food_n for_o the_o silkworm_n if_o the_o tree_n be_v more_o increase_v it_o will_v be_v encouragement_n sufficient_a to_o keep_v these_o curious_a creature_n although_o many_o have_v keep_v they_o and_o make_v great_a quantity_n of_o the_o silk_n yet_o the_o difficulty_n of_o obtain_v the_o leaf_n and_o where_o they_o be_v they_o legacy_n hartlib_n legacy_n grow_v in_o garden_n general_o few_o in_o quantity_n and_o value_v according_a to_o the_o ground_n they_o grow_v on_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a discouragement_n to_o that_o noble_a improvement_n if_o king_n james_n letter_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o mulberry-tree_n be_v legacy_n legacy_n again_o revive_v or_o some_o compulsive_a statute_n to_o that_o purpose_n and_o diligent_o prosecute_v it_o will_v produce_v in_o time_n a_o very_a considerable_a advantage_n to_o this_o kingdom_n or_o rather_o if_o his_o majesty_n or_o some_o honourable_a person_n will_v allot_v some_o 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or_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la they_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v regard_v for_o that_o they_o thrive_v very_o well_o in_o shady_a place_n where_o except_o the_o filberd_n and_o the_o currant_n scarce_o any_o other_o fruit_n will_v prosper_v the_o damzin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a wholsome_a and_o most_o profitable_a of_o plum_n and_o deserve_v a_o place_n in_o your_o plantation_n mr._n hartlib_n legacy_n legacy_n give_v it_o as_o a_o deficiency_n that_o the_o great_a damzin_n or_o pruin-plum_n be_v neglect_v which_o grow_v well_o and_o bear_v full_a in_o england_n plum-tree_n and_o damzin_n may_v also_o be_v plant_v in_o hedge_n be_v ordinary_o thorny_a plant_n they_o will_v thrive_v there_o better_o than_o apple_n or_o pear_n the_o medlar_n be_v a_o fruit_n of_o very_a little_a use_n the_o reason_n i_o suppose_v medlar_n 9_o of_o medlar_n they_o be_v no_o more_o multiply_v yet_o have_v they_o be_v of_o long_o stand_v they_o be_v please_v to_o the_o palate_n this_o tree_n may_v serve_v to_o fill_v up_o a_o spare_a corner_n in_o your_o orchard_n if_o we_o can_v obtain_v the_o medlar_n without_o stone_n mention_v in_o the_o french_a gardener_n they_o will_v be_v better_a worth_n the_o plant_n the_o great_a dutch_a medlar_n be_v the_o best_a the_o barberry_n be_v a_o common_a plant_n in_o orchard_n and_o bear_v a_o fruit_n barberry_n 10_o of_o barberry_n very_o useful_a in_o housewifry_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o they_o although_o but_o one_o only_a common_a above_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o which_o bear_v its_o fruit_n without_o stone_n there_o be_v also_o another_o sort_n and_o chief_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a kind_n in_o that_o the_o berry_n be_v twice_o as_o big_a and_o more_o excellent_a to_o preserve_v mr._n hartlib_n condemn_v we_o much_o for_o neglect_v the_o propagation_n legacy_n 11_o of_o almond_n legacy_n of_o this_o tree_n which_o say_v he_o grow_v well_o and_o bear_v good_a fruit_n as_o he_o have_v see_v divers_a bushel_n on_o one_o tree_n in_o his_o brother_n orchard_n they_o grow_v large_a and_o upright_o and_o need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o a_o wall_n the_o almond_n be_v in_o some_o sweet_a in_o other_o a_o little_a bitter_a the_o tree_n be_v chief_o receive_v for_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o flower_n which_o be_v many_o early_a and_o of_o a_o fair_a pale_a red_a colour_n make_v a_o fine_a show_n in_o a_o garden_n the_o common_a service-tree_n grow_v wild_a in_o many_o place_n but_o service-tree_n 12_o of_o the_o service-tree_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n thereof_o more_o rare_a which_o by_o long_o stand_v grow_v to_o a_o fair_a tree_n with_o many_o branch_n set_v with_o wing_a leaf_n like_o those_o of_o the_o ash_n but_o small_a and_o indent_v about_o the_o edge_n the_o flower_n grow_v in_o cluster_n succeed_v by_o fruit_n in_o some_o

other_o choice_a plum_n upon_o or_o for_o the_o bud_a of_o aprecock_n and_o peach_n but_o for_o a_o nectorine_n a_o peach-stock_n be_v most_o proper_a the_o stone_n of_o aprecock_n and_o peach_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o set_n for_o stock_n to_o inoculate_v with_o other_o good_a kind_n in_o respect_n their_o root_n be_v spongy_a and_o will_v neither_o last_v nor_o endure_v to_o be_v transplant_v therefore_o the_o stone_n of_o plum_n and_o cherry_n be_v chief_o for_o that_o purpose_n to_o be_v regard_v except_o the_o peach-stock_n for_o the_o nectorine_n goosberry_n and_o currant_n be_v inoculate_v on_o their_o own_o kind_n etc._n goosberry_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v plum_n apple_n pear_n and_o cherry_n sect_n iv_o of_o the_o nursery_n for_o stock_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o stock_n to_o graft_n and_o inoculate_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n you_o intend_v to_o propagate_v and_o advance_v and_o also_o to_o pleasure_v yourself_o with_o such_o that_o may_v be_v suitable_a for_o your_o intend_a purpose_n and_o not_o to_o be_v enforce_v to_o rely_v on_o such_o that_o the_o country_n spontaneous_o afford_v either_o for_o quantity_n or_o quality_n prepare_v a_o bed_n of_o earth_n well_o dress_v from_o weed_n proportionable_a to_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v and_o therein_o sow_v your_o kernel_n of_o crab_n or_o such_o like_a apple_n as_o you_o intend_v to_o raise_v your_o stock_n from_o and_o cover_v they_o with_o earth_n sift_v or_o rake_v over_o they_o two_o or_o three_o finger_n thick_a this_o may_v be_v do_v about_o october_n and_o so_o let_v lie_v till_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o stone_n of_o fruit_n you_o may_v prick_v they_o down_o in_o row_v two_o or_o three_o finger_n deep_a with_o the_o sharp_a end_n downward_o you_o may_v also_o cover_v they_o with_o long_a dung_n or_o straw_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o frost_n which_o in_o april_n you_o may_v take_v off_o and_o in_o may_v they_o will_v come_v up_o and_o be_v keep_v from_o weed_n in_o two_o year_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o remove_v into_o other_o bed_n prepare_v for_o that_o purpose_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o a_o more_o convenient_a distance_n and_o better_a order_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o conveniency_n of_o the_o grafter_n in_o autumn_n be_v the_o most_o convenient_a time_n for_o this_o purpose_n though_o it_o may_v be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n or_o spring_n before_o they_o bud_v let_v they_o be_v set_v in_o row_v about_o two_o foot_n distance_n or_o as_o best_o please_v yourself_o and_o the_o plant_n in_o each_o row_n about_o six_o or_o eight_o inch_n apart_o for_o the_o better_a conveniency_n of_o transplant_n they_o make_v the_o hole_n with_o a_o ordinary_a setting-stick_a and_o cut_v off_o the_o downright_a root_n and_o the_o top_n and_o side-branche_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o fasten_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o let_v not_o the_o root_n be_v too_o long_o nor_o set_v deep_a because_o they_o be_v afterward_o remove_v with_o more_o difficulty_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o remove_v seed-plant_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o get_v good_a root_n which_o otherwise_o they_o general_o thrust_v down_o one_o single_a root_n only_o the_o nursery_n thus_o set_v may_v be_v ready_a after_o one_o year_n to_o inoculate_v and_o after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o graft_v crab-stock_n or_o apple-stock_n thus_o raise_v be_v better_o than_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o wood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n let_v the_o kernel_n you_o raise_v your_o nursery_n from_o consist_v most_o or_o altogether_o of_o crab_n or_o wilding_n for_o the_o apple-graft_n tree_n graft_v on_o a_o gennet-moyl_a or_o cider-stock_n preserve_v best_o the_o gust_n of_o any_o delicate_a apple_n but_o on_o a_o crab-stock_n the_o tree_n last_v long_o and_o impart_v a_o more_o juicy_a and_o tart_a relish_n and_o so_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o most_o sort_n of_o apple_n the_o wild_a stock_n do_v enliven_v the_o dull_a and_o phlegmatic_a apple_n and_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o gennet-moyl_a sweeten_v and_o improve_v the_o pepin_n etc._n etc._n or_o may_v rather_o seem_v to_o abate_v some_o apple_n over-tart_a and_o severe_a the_o same_o rule_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o stock_n for_o pear_n plum_n cherry_n aprecock_n etc._n etc._n the_o more_o acid_n the_o stock_n the_o more_o life_n it_o give_v to_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o graft_n as_o the_o black_a cherry_n or_o the_o cherrytree_n be_v the_o only_a stock_n for_o the_o cherry_n etc._n etc._n although_o the_o fruit_n do_v general_o take_v after_o the_o graft_n yet_o be_v it_o somewhat_o alter_v by_o the_o stock_n either_o for_o the_o better_a or_o the_o worse_o as_o apple_n or_o other_o fruit_n graft_v on_o stock_n select_a as_o before_o advance_v or_o meliorate_v they_o so_o if_o they_o be_v graft_v on_o stock_n of_o another_o contrary_a nature_n much_o debase_v the_o gust_n of_o the_o fruit._n the_o pear_n graft_v on_o a_o quince-stock_n produce_v its_o fruit_n better_o than_o the_o same_o kind_n upon_o a_o wild_a pear-stock_n and_o fair_a much_o better_a colour_v and_o the_o tree_n to_o bear_v soon_o and_o more_o store_n of_o fruit_n for_o the_o fruit_n not_o only_o receive_v something_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o stock_n as_o well_o as_o the_o graff_n but_o also_o of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o they_o be_v plant_v and_o of_o the_o compost_n apply_v unto_o they_o therefore_o choose_v a_o plat_n of_o ground_n for_o your_o seminary_n and_o nursery_n that_o may_v be_v of_o a_o indifferent_a nature_n not_o too_o much_o enrich_v with_o dung_n nor_o too_o sterile_a lie_v warm_a the_o mould_n light_n that_o the_o stock_n may_v the_o better_o thrive_v also_o let_v your_o stock_n be_v of_o fruit_n select_a as_o before_o for_o that_o purpose_n if_o you_o desire_v to_o raise_v dwarf-tree_n let_v the_o stock_n whereon_o you_o graff_n they_o be_v of_o the_o paradise-apple_n for_o apple_n of_o the_o quince_n for_o pear_n of_o the_o morello_n or_o common_a english_a cherry_n for_o cherry_n and_o so_o will_v they_o be_v the_o more_o fit_a for_o the_o wall_n or_o for_o standard_n be_v keep_v low_o according_a to_o the_o new_a mode_n though_o i_o see_v but_o little_a pleasure_n or_o profit_n in_o that_o way_n the_o best_a way_n and_o most_o expeditious_a to_o raise_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o quince-stock_n for_o your_o nursery_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o a_o old_a quince-tree_n in_o march_n within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o will_v cause_v a_o multitude_n of_o sucker_n to_o rise_v from_o the_o root_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v half_o a_o yard_n high_a cover_v they_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o foot_n thick_a with_o good_a earth_n which_o in_o dry_a time_n must_v be_v water_v and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v put_v forth_o root_n in_o winter_n remove_v they_o into_o your_o nursery_n where_o in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o they_o will_v 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etc._n such_o that_o have_v many_o to_o do_v or_o much_o employment_n other_o way_n may_v begin_v more_o early_o lest_o they_o want_v time_n you_o may_v either_o graff_n or_o inoculate_v at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n except_o october_n and_o november_n say_v stephens_n the_o author_n of_o the_o country_n farmer_n but_o whether_o that_o may_v be_v practise_v with_o success_n in_o these_o cold_a country_n i_o much_o question_n but_o doubtless_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o season_n do_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o growth_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o graff_n as_o mild_a wether_n in_o december_n or_o january_n may_v be_v better_o for_o this_o work_n than_o frosty_a wether_n in_o february_n frost_n wether_n at_o no_o time_n be_v fit_a to_o graff_n in_o when_o the_o zephyr_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v stir_v choose_v

will_v not_o admit_v thereof_o in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o plant_n may_v by_o the_o care_n and_o diligence_n of_o the_o planter_n overcome_v those_o inconvenience_n or_o obstruction_n let_v not_o the_o ground_n wherein_o you_o plant_v apple_n be_v too_o much_o enrich_v with_o dung_n they_o require_v rather_o a_o vulgar_a and_o ordinary_a light_n mould_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n or_o quantity_n of_o your_o ground_n or_o tree_n tree_n 3_o the_o distance_n of_o tree_n may_v the_o distance_n be_v but_o the_o usual_a distance_n and_o most_o convenient_a for_o appletree_n or_o pear-tree_n for_o a_o orchard_n may_v be_v from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o foot_n if_o you_o expect_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n under_o and_o between_o they_o either_o for_o grass_n or_o tillage_n or_o that_o you_o plant_v they_o in_o your_o field_n or_o pasture_n then_o from_o thirty_o to_o sixty_o foot_n may_v your_o distance_n be_v the_o far_a distance_n they_o be_v the_o more_o benefit_n and_o refreshment_n do_v they_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n the_o fruit_n be_v much_o the_o better_a and_o the_o tree_n prosper_v the_o better_a also_o and_o if_o they_o be_v too_o near_o together_o the_o ground_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o no_o advantage_n under_o they_o neither_o do_v the_o tree_n thrive_v so_o well_o nor_o be_v so_o fertile_a cherry-tree_n plum-tree_n quince-tree_n and_o such_o like_a may_v be_v plant_v about_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n which_o be_v sufficient_a wall-tree_n may_v be_v plant_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o the_o height_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v the_o high_a the_o wall_n the_o near_a together_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o low_a the_o wall_n the_o far_a distance_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o room_n to_o spread_v in_o breadth_n which_o they_o want_v in_o height_n vine_n require_v a_o more_o spacious_a and_o ample_a wall_n or_o place_n to_o spread_v against_o than_o any_o other_o fruit_n next_o to_o that_o the_o pear_n than_o the_o aprecock_n the_o peach_n the_o nectorine_n and_o then_o the_o cherry_n the_o may-cherry_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o distance_n of_o other_o small_a tree_n as_o filberd_n goosberry_n currant_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v plant_v they_o at_o such_o convenient_a distance_n that_o the_o branch_n may_v not_o entangle_v the_o one_o in_o the_o other_o according_a to_o your_o own_o discretion_n codling_n cherry_n plum_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v plant_v to_o make_v hedge_n withal_o and_o then_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v near_o together_o the_o near_a the_o soon_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hedge_n the_o far_a distance_n the_o more_o fruit_n will_v they_o bear_v but_o not_o so_o soon_o a_o hedge_n if_o you_o design_v to_o fill_v your_o plat_v of_o ground_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n for_o your_o great_a advantage_n then_o plant_v several_a row_v of_o apple_n and_o pear-tree_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o each_o row_n but_o the_o row_v of_o a_o far_a distance_n each_o from_o the_o other_o and_o then_o about_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n on_o each_o side_n the_o row_v of_o the_o great_a tree_n plant_v a_o row_n of_o cherry_n plum_n or_o such_o like_a tree_n of_o a_o lesser_a stature_n or_o growth_n and_o near_a together_o than_o the_o apple_n or_o pear-tree_n next_o unto_o they_o also_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n a_o row_n of_o filberd_n and_o next_o unto_o they_o goosberry_n currant_n raspberry_n or_o such_o like_a small_a fruit_n leave_v only_o a_o walk_n between_o the_o lesser_a tree_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v the_o whole_a ground_n be_v supply_v and_o by_o that_o time_n that_o the_o great_a tree_n be_v grow_v to_o any_o competent_a stature_n the_o lesser_a will_v be_v decay_v that_o the_o great_a tree_n may_v have_v the_o sole_a predominancy_n but_o the_o most_o complete_a order_n in_o the_o plant_n of_o a_o orchard_n of_o the_o large_a fruit-tree_n be_v that_o which_o they_o term_v the_o quincunx_fw-la by_o plant_v they_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n every_o way_n only_o with_o this_o observation_n that_o every_o tree_n of_o the_o second_o row_n may_v stand_v against_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o space_n of_o the_o first_o in_o the_o three_o against_o the_o space_n of_o the_o second_o and_o so_o throughout_o which_o make_v it_o appear_v please_v to_o the_o eye_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o orchard_n soever_o you_o stand_v in_o plant_v of_o tree_n observe_v this_o rule_n that_o if_o the_o crookedness_n of_o the_o tree_n will_v enforce_v you_o to_o plant_v it_o lean_v or_o tend_v any_o way_n let_v it_o be_v to_o the_o west_n from_o whence_o the_o strong_a wind_n blow_v or_o to_o such_o coast_n your_o orchard_n be_v most_o obvious_a sect_n x._o of_o the_o prune_v of_o tree_n it_o conduce_v very_o much_o to_o the_o proof_n and_o growth_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o be_v prune_v or_o the_o unnecessary_a and_o injurious_a branch_n to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o skilful_a hand_n of_o the_o husbandman_n when_o your_o graff_n be_v grow_v half_o a_o yard_n high_a those_o you_o find_v tree_n 1_o the_o prune_n of_o young_a tree_n to_o shoot_v up_o in_o one_o lance_n pinch_v off_o their_o tender_a top_n which_o will_v prevent_v their_o mount_a and_o cause_v they_o to_o put_v forth_o side-branche_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o guide_v a_o tree_n either_o to_o grow_v or_o extend_v itself_o in_o height_n or_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o spread_v in_o breadth_n it_o give_v not_o that_o wound_n to_o tree_n that_o incision_n or_o lance_n usual_o do_v and_o beside_o this_o may_v be_v do_v at_o that_o season_n when_o the_o take_n away_o of_o a_o bud_n prevent_v the_o expense_n of_o sap_n in_o waste_n and_o divert_v its_o course_n to_o other_o necessary_a to_o remain_v in_o march_n be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o take_v away_o the_o small_a and_o superfluous_a branch_n give_v the_o lance_n close_o behind_o a_o 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much_o break_v the_o wind_n and_o these_o shelve_v side_n will_v much_o expedite_v the_o ripen_n of_o pease_n or_o other_o fruit_n by_o receive_v more_o direct_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o case_n the_o ground_n be_v over-moist_a you_o may_v plant_v the_o high_a and_o if_o over-dry_a than_o the_o low_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o remedy_v all_o extreme_n except_o heat_n which_o rare_o injure_v to_o make_v a_o hot_a bed_n in_o february_n or_o early_o if_o you_o please_v for_o bed_n the_o make_n of_o hot_a bed_n the_o raise_n of_o melon_n cucumber_n radish_n coleflower_v or_o any_o other_o tender_a plant_n or_o flower_n you_o must_v provide_v a_o warm_a place_n defend_v from_o all_o wind_n by_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o pale_a or_o hedge_n make_v of_o reed_n or_o straw_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a of_o such_o distance_n or_o capacity_n your_o occasion_n require_v within_o which_o you_o must_v raise_v a_o bed_n of_o about_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a 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and_o sever_v and_o divide_v it_o by_o its_o self_n of_o capacity_n answerable_a to_o the_o stock_n you_o intend_v to_o raise_v but_o rather_o big_a than_o less_o and_o rather_o long_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n than_o square_a face_v to_o the_o south_n rather_o incline_v to_o the_o west_n than_o east_n because_o of_o the_o bee_n late_o return_v home_o that_o they_o may_v not_o then_o want_v light_a but_o some_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v best_a to_o let_v they_o have_v the_o first_o sun_n in_o the_o morning_n that_o they_o may_v go_v early_o abroad_o that_o be_v the_o most_o apt_a time_n for_o the_o gather_n of_o honey_n also_o i_o have_v know_v bee_n thrive_v very_o well_o have_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o the_o sun_n at_o their_o door_n and_z other_o not_o to_o thrive_v be_v detain_v some_o hour_n from_o it_o by_o shadowy_a tree_n and_o in_o another_o place_n by_o a_o wall_n but_o the_o sure_a way_n be_v to_o let_v they_o have_v as_o much_o of_o both_o 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two_o foot_n square_a and_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o height_n set_v on_o four_o leg_n about_o ten_o inch_n above_o ground_n and_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n within_o the_o ground_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o board_n or_o tile_n to_o cast_v off_o the_o rain_n the_o back_n or_o north-side_n be_v close_v up_o and_o the_o side_n respect_v the_o east_n and_o west_n to_o have_v door_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v at_o pleasure_n with_o latch_n or_o hasp_v to_o they_o the_o face_n or_o southside_n to_o have_v a_o falling-door_n to_o cover_v the_o one_o half_a thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v elevate_v at_o pleasure_n and_o serve_v in_o the_o summertime_n for_o a_o penthouse_n not_o only_o to_o keep_v off_o the_o beat_a rain_n from_o the_o hive_n but_o to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o about_o the_o midday_n be_v apt_a to_o melt_v their_o honey_n the_o other_o low_a half_o shall_v have_v two_o small_a door_n to_o open_a to_o either_o hand_n which_o will_v serve_v to_o defend_v the_o door_n or_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o hive_n from_o injurious_a wind_n when_o the_o winter_n approach_v and_o the_o cold_a wind_n be_v like_a to_o injure_v your_o bee_n then_o may_v you_o fasten_v all_o your_o door_n which_o will_v as_o well_o defend_v your_o bee_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o extremity_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n both_o injurious_a to_o this_o innocent_a and_o industrious_a creature_n nam_fw-la frigore_fw-la mella_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n cogit_fw-la hyems_fw-la eademque_fw-la calor_fw-la liquefacta_fw-la remittit_fw-la utraque_fw-la vis_fw-la apibus_fw-la pariter_fw-la metuenda_fw-la you_o may_v remember_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o little_a door_n to_o make_v a_o open_a square_a place_n just_a against_o the_o tee-hole_n that_o the_o bee_n may_v have_v some_o liberty_n after_o you_o have_v shut_v the_o door_n to_o fly_v abroad_o here_o need_v no_o hackle_n to_o defend_v the_o hive_n from_o rain_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o fear_n of_o wet_a or_o wind_v to_o annoy_v they_o here_o may_v you_o place_v any_o sort_n of_o hive_n whether_o of_o straw_n board_n glass_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o sudden_a decay_n or_o loss_n by_o the_o injury_n of_o wether_n which_o by_o place_v they_o abroad_o they_o be_v subject_a unto_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o side-door_n especial_o if_o you_o make_v the_o west-door_n to_o open_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n may_v you_o sit_v secure_a and_o observe_v the_o several_a working_n of_o the_o bee_n in_o your_o glass-hive_n if_o you_o be_v please_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o but_o if_o not_o you_o may_v at_o these_o place_n order_n view_n and_o observe_v they_o better_o than_o when_o they_o stand_v on_o naked_a stool_n and_o with_o less_o offence_n to_o the_o bee_n and_o more_o security_n to_o yourself_o in_o the_o wintertime_n if_o your_o apiary_n stand_v cold_a and_o you_o fear_v the_o extremity_n of_o frost_n may_v injure_v your_o bee_n you_o may_v within_o these_o door_n stuff_v good_a sweet_a straw_n about_o your_o hive_n to_o keep_v the_o bee_n the_o warm_a but_o extremity_n of_o cold_a injure_v not_o the_o bee_n so_o much_o in_o the_o winter_n as_o wet_v which_o these_o case_n best_o preserve_v they_o from_o or_o as_o light_n and_o the_o warm_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o such_o time_n when_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n abroad_o for_o they_o against_o which_o this_o house_n or_o cot_n be_v a_o most_o certain_a preservative_n for_o when_o the_o door_n be_v shut_v in_o such_o month_n you_o be_v not_o willing_a they_o shall_v fly_v abroad_o although_o the_o sun_n shine_v yet_o they_o be_v dark_a and_o unsensible_a of_o so_o small_a a_o heat_n the_o

remedy_n the_o sign_n of_o after-swarm_n be_v more_o certain_a when_o the_o prime-swarm_n after-swarm_n sign_n of_o after-swarm_n be_v go_v about_o the_o eight_o or_o ten_o evening_n after_o when_o another_o brood_n be_v ready_a and_o again_o have_v over-filled_n the_o hive_n the_o next_o prince_n begin_v to_o tune_n in_o her_o treble_a voice_n a_o mournful_a and_o beg_a note_n then_o in_o a_o day_n or_o two_o shall_v you_o hear_v the_o old_a queen_n in_o her_o base_a note_n reply_n and_o as_o it_o be_v consent_n in_o the_o morning_n before_o they_o swarm_v they_o come_v down_o near_o the_o stool_n and_o there_o they_o call_v somewhat_o long_o at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o swarm_v they_o descend_v to_o the_o stool_n where_o answer_v one_o another_o in_o more_o earnest_a manner_n with_o thick_a and_o shrill_a note_n the_o multitude_n come_v forth_o in_o great_a haste_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o prime_a swarm_n be_v break_v the_o second_o will_n both_o call_v and_o swarm_v the_o soon_o it_o may_v be_v the_o next_o day_n and_o after_o that_o a_o three_o and_o sometime_o a_o four_o but_o all_o usual_o within_o a_o fortnight_n sometime_o also_o a_o swarm_n will_v cast_v another_o that_o year_n when_o the_o swarm_n be_v rise_v it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n to_o play_v they_o bee_n ring_v of_o bee_n a_o fit_a of_o mirth_n upon_o a_o pan_n kettle_n bason_n or_o suchlike_a instrument_n upon_o pretence_n to_o gather_v they_o together_o and_o make_v they_o settle_v which_o custom_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a as_o virgil_n witness_v tinnitusque_fw-la cie_n &_o matris_fw-la quate_fw-la cymbala_n circum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o notwithstanding_o this_o have_v be_v account_v and_o find_v to_o be_v needless_a yet_o by_o levet_fw-la in_o his_o treatise_n of_o bee_n it_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o ridiculous_a toy_n and_o most_o absurd_a invention_n and_o rather_o hurtful_a than_o profitable_a because_o all_o great_a noise_n do_v disquiet_a and_o hurt_v they_o he_o say_v he_o have_v above_o forty_o swarm_n in_o a_o year_n without_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o when_o his_o neighbour_n have_v a_o far_o less_o number_n and_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o juggle_a lose_v divers_a also_o butler_n make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o it_o than_o where_o there_o be_v many_o apiaries_n near_o public_o to_o notify_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o rise_n that_o so_o a_o just_a and_o open_a claim_n may_v be_v lay_v unto_o the_o swarm_n esteem_v the_o pretend_a reason_n of_o stay_v the_o swarm_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n but_o if_o they_o fly_v aloft_o or_o be_v like_a to_o be_v go_v cast_v dust_n among_o they_o to_o make_v they_o come_v down_o when_o your_o swarm_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o a_o light_v place_n you_o bee_n hive_v of_o bee_n shall_v quick_o see_v they_o knit_v together_o in_o form_n of_o a_o cone_n pineapple_n or_o cluster_n of_o grape_n when_o they_o be_v full_o settle_v and_o the_o cone_n have_v be_v a_o while_n at_o the_o big_a than_o hive_n they_o first_o have_v in_o store_n several_a hive_n of_o several_a bigness_n make_v choice_n of_o a_o hive_n proportionable_a in_o bigness_n to_o your_o swarm_n that_o the_o bee_n may_v go_v near_o to_o fill_v it_o that_o year_n but_o rather_o under-hive_n a_o swarm_n than_o over-hive_n they_o then_o rub_v the_o hive_n with_o sweet_a herb_n as_o thyme_n savory_n marjerom_n baulm_n fennel_n hyssop_n mallow_n or_o bean-top_n etc._n etc._n and_o with_o a_o branch_n of_o hasel_n oak_n willow_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a herb_n but_o rather_o of_o the_o same_o tree_n whereon_o the_o swarm_v light_v wipe_v the_o hive_n clean_o and_o dip_v such_o sprig_n or_o branch_n into_o meath_z or_o fair_a water_n mix_v with_o a_o little_a honey_n or_o with_o milk_n and_o salt_n or_o salt_n only_o and_o therewith_o besprinkle_v the_o hive_n then_o have_v first_o drink_v a_o cup_n of_o good_a beer_n and_o wash_v your_o hand_n and_o face_n therewith_o or_o be_v otherwise_o defend_v if_o the_o bee_n hang_v upon_o a_o bough_n shake_v they_o into_o the_o hive_n and_o set_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o mantle_n or_o cloth_n on_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v usual_a or_o you_o may_v cut_v off_o the_o bough_n if_o it_o be_v small_a and_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o mantle_n or_o cloth_n and_o set_v the_o hive_n over_o it_o which_o be_v the_o better_a way_n if_o they_o light_v near_o the_o ground_n lay_v your_o cloth_n under_o they_o and_o shake_v they_o down_o and_o place_v the_o hive_n over_o they_o and_o such_o bee_n that_o gather_v together_o without_o the_o hive_n wipe_v they_o gentle_o with_o your_o brush_n towards_o the_o hive_n and_o if_o they_o take_v to_o any_o other_o place_n than_o the_o hive_n wipe_v they_o off_o gentle_o with_o your_o brush_n and_o rub_v the_o place_n with_o mugwort_n morgan_n wormwood_n archangel_n or_o other_o bitter_a or_o noisome_a weed_n or_o herb_n then_o set_v the_o swarm_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v to_o the_o light_v place_n till_o all_o be_v quiet_a and_o every_o one_o know_v his_o own_o home_n if_o the_o swarm_n part_n and_o light_n in_o sight_n one_o of_o another_o let_v alone_o the_o great_a and_o disturb_v the_o lesser_a part_n and_o they_o will_v fly_v to_o their_o fellow_n but_o if_o not_o in_o sight_n than_o hive_n they_o both_o in_o two_o several_a hive_n and_o bring_v they_o together_o and_o shake_v the_o bee_n out_o of_o the_o one_o hive_n on_o the_o mantle_n whereon_o the_o other_o hive_n stand_v and_o place_v the_o other_o full_a hive_n on_o they_o and_o they_o will_v all_o take_v to_o it_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o your_o swarm_n come_v late_a after_o the_o middle_n of_o swarm_n unite_n of_o swarm_n june_n and_o that_o they_o be_v small_a under_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o peck_n than_o put_v two_o or_o three_o of_o they_o together_o whether_o they_o rise_v the_o same_o day_n or_o in_o divers_a for_o by_o this_o unite_n they_o will_v labour_v careful_o gather_v store_n of_o wealth_n and_o stout_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o enemy_n the_o manner_n of_o unite_n be_v thus_o in_o the_o evening_n when_o it_o wax_v dark_a have_v spread_v a_o mantle_n on_o the_o ground_n near_o unto_o the_o stool_n where_o this_o unite_a swarm_n shall_v stand_v and_o set_v a_o pair_n of_o rest_n or_o two_o supporter_n for_o the_o hive_n knock_v down_o the_o hive_n out_o of_o which_o you_o intend_v to_o remove_v your_o bee_n upon_o the_o rest_v then_o lift_v up_o the_o hive_n a_o little_a and_o clap_v it_o between_o your_o hand_n to_o get_v out_o the_o bee_n that_o stick_v in_o it_o lay_v it_o down_o sideways_o by_o the_o bee_n and_o set_v the_o stock_n or_o swarm_n to_o which_o you_o will_v add_v they_o upon_o the_o rest_v or_o supporter_n over_o they_o and_o they_o will_v forthwith_o ascend_v into_o the_o hive_n those_o that_o remain_v in_o the_o empty_a hive_n by_o clap_v it_o will_v hasten_v after_o their_o company_n then_o when_o you_o have_v get_v they_o all_o in_o either_o that_o night_n or_o early_o in_o the_o next_o morning_n place_v the_o hive_n on_o the_o stool_n etc._n etc._n place_v the_o hive_n wherein_o you_o have_v new_o put_v your_o swarm_n you_o better_a a_o better_a intend_v to_o drive_v into_o another_o in_o a_o place_n that_o the_o skirt_n may_v be_v uppermost_a and_o set_v the_o other_o upon_o he_o bind_v they_o about_o the_o skirt_n with_o a_o long_a towel_n and_o so_o let_v they_o stand_v till_o the_o morning_n and_o the_o bee_n will_v all_o ascend_v that_o you_o may_v the_o next_o morning_n set_v the_o receiver_n on_o a_o stool_n and_o thus_o may_v you_o put_v three_o or_o four_o swarm_n together_o but_o observe_v to_o unite_v they_o the_o same_o evening_n or_o the_o next_o at_o far_a that_o they_o swarm_v lest_o have_v make_v comb_n they_o be_v the_o more_o unwilling_a to_o part_v from_o they_o in_o these_o several_a way_n of_o deal_n with_o bee_n it_o be_v good_a to_o defend_v bee_n defence_n against_o bee_n one_o self_n as_o well_o as_o may_v be_v against_o their_o sting_a which_o to_o some_o person_n prove_v very_o troublesome_a especial_o if_o they_o be_v unclean_o or_o have_v any_o ill_a scent_n about_o they_o therefore_o with_o caution_n must_v they_o be_v tamper_v withal_o some_o only_a drink_n a_o cup_n of_o good_a beer_n and_o find_v that_o sufficient_a other_o wash_v their_o hand_n and_o face_n therewith_o which_o prove_v a_o good_a defence_n i_o have_v go_v among_o they_o in_o their_o great_a anger_n and_o madness_n only_o with_o a_o handful_n of_o sweet_a herb_n in_o my_o hand_n fan_v about_o my_o face_n as_o it_o be_v to_o obscure_v and_o defend_v it_o also_o if_o a_o bee_n do_v by_o accident_n buzz_v about_o you_o be_v unprovided_a thrust_v your_o face_n among_o a_o parcel_n of_o

say_v any_o thing_n of_o common_a disease_n of_o beast_n or_o fowl_n because_o that_o subject_a be_v so_o complete_o handle_v by_o several_a other_o and_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o our_o husbandman_n to_o know_v there_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o place_n professor_n and_o practiser_n of_o that_o art_n and_o that_o have_v material_n and_o instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n yet_o for_o that_o i_o meet_v with_o some_o general_a and_o easily-practicable_a instruction_n perhaps_o not_o familiar_a with_o country_n farrier_n or_o horse-doctor_n i_o shall_v a_o little_a digress_v this_o disease_n be_v principal_o cause_v from_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a season_n murrain_n of_o the_o murrain_n of_o the_o year_n or_o rather_o from_o some_o general_a putrefaction_n of_o the_o air_n and_o beget_v a_o inflammation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o cause_v a_o swell_a in_o the_o throat_n which_o in_o little_a time_n suffocate_v the_o cattle_n also_o the_o let_v dead_a cattle_n lie_v unbury_v which_o putrify_v may_v cause_v a_o general_a infection_n to_o that_o sort_n of_o cattle_n as_o the_o learned_a vanhelmont_a observe_n that_o these_o infectious_a distemper_n go_v no_o far_o than_o their_o own_o kind_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v this_o disease_n let_v they_o stand_v cool_a in_o summer_n and_o to_o have_v abundance_n of_o good_a water_n and_o speedy_o to_o bury_v all_o carrion_n and_o if_o any_o of_o your_o cattle_n be_v already_o infect_v speedy_o let_v they_o blood_n and_o give_v they_o a_o good_a drench_n etc._n etc._n by_o which_o mean_v divers_a have_v preserve_v their_o cattle_n when_o their_o neighbour_n have_v perish_v in_o moist_a year_n sheep_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o rot_n in_o the_o same_o sheep_n of_o the_o rot_n in_o sheep_n ground_n where_o in_o dry_a year_n they_o be_v not_o and_o that_o not_o only_o from_o the_o moisture_n for_o than_o will_v sheep_n rot_v in_o all_o moist_a ground_n in_o dry_a year_n as_o well_o as_o in_o wet_a but_o from_o a_o certain_a putrefaction_n both_o in_o the_o air_n and_o in_o the_o grass_n or_o herb_n that_o usual_o attend_v they_o in_o such_o moist_a year_n which_o together_o with_o their_o moist_a food_n do_v corrupt_v their_o liver_n and_o bring_v this_o disease_n the_o cure_n whereof_o be_v difficult_a unless_o it_o be_v do_v betimes_o before_o the_o liver_n be_v too_o much_o waste_v the_o removal_n of_o they_o to_o the_o salt_n marsh_n where_o they_o may_v be_v have_v be_v a_o good_a remedy_n if_o may_v and_o june_n prove_v wet_a month_n it_o cause_v a_o frimmand_n frothy_a grass_n which_o together_o with_o the_o bad_a air_n that_o must_v necessary_o follow_v cause_v the_o rot_n in_o sheep_n therefore_o in_o such_o summer_n keep_v your_o sheep_n on_o the_o dry_a and_o barren_a land_n and_o fodder_n they_o in_o winter_n with_o the_o hard_a hay_n or_o most_o astringent_a fodder_n some_o ground_n yield_v a_o soft_a grass_n more_o than_o other_o subject_n to_o breed_v the_o rot_n in_o the_o sheep_n therefore_o feed_v other_o cattle_n there_o and_o your_o sheep_n in_o the_o dry_a hard_a and_o healthy_a pasture_n if_o your_o sheep_n be_v infect_v with_o the_o rot_n which_o you_o may_v discern_v by_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o eye_n some_o prescribe_v to_o pen_v they_o up_o in_o a_o barn_n or_o large_a sheep-coat_n set_v about_o with_o wooden_a trough_n and_o therein_o feed_v they_o with_o oat_n a_o day_n or_o two_o then_o put_v among_o they_o some_o bay-salt_n well_o stamp_v and_o after_o that_o a_o great_a quantity_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o begin_v to_o distaste_v it_o then_o give_v they_o clean_a oat_n another_o day_n or_o two_o and_o afterward_o serve_v they_o with_o salt_n as_o before_o this_o course_n be_v follow_v until_o their_o eye_n have_v recover_v their_o natural_a colour_n they_o will_v then_o be_v perfect_o cure_v where_o you_o have_v not_o a_o house_n convenient_a it_o may_v be_v do_v open_a the_o save_v of_o their_o dung_n as_o before_o we_o direct_v will_v answer_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o expense_n 5._o chap._n 5._o fold_v of_o sheep_n in_o may_n or_o june_n if_o they_o prove_v wet_a make_v they_o rot_v the_o soon_o because_o they_o more_o greedy_o devour_v the_o hurtful_a grass_n in_o the_o morning_n than_o those_o not_o fold_v therefore_o liberty_n from_o the_o fold_n at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o good_a prevention_n a_o approve_a experiment_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o the_o fashion_n in_o horse_n and_o the_o rot_n in_o sheep_n steep_v the_o regulus_n of_o antimony_n in_o ale_n with_o a_o little_a of_o the_o spice_n call_v grain_n and_o a_o little_a sugar_n which_o give_v to_o a_o horse_n about_o half_a a_o pint_n at_o a_o time_n two_o or_o three_o time_n with_o a_o day_n or_o two_o intermission_n between_o each_o time_n to_o a_o sheep_n about_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o same_o or_o the_o follow_a receipt_n may_v be_v also_o give_v to_o swine_n for_o the_o measles_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o make_v they_o fat_a give_v he_o half_o a_o dram_n of_o crude_a antimony_n in_o his_o meat_n it_o will_v swine_n for_o swine_n make_v he_o have_v a_o good_a stomach_n and_o it_o will_v likewise_o cure_v he_o of_o all_o foulness_n of_o his_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o measles_n the_o same_o be_v also_o sovereign_a for_o any_o other_o beast_n tree_n and_o plant_n and_o other_o inanimate_a thing_n be_v subject_a unto_o plant_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n disease_n that_o deprive_v they_o of_o and_o abate_v their_o excellency_n worth_n and_o duration_n as_o well_o as_o live_a creature_n and_o it_o do_v as_o well_o require_v the_o care_n and_o industry_n and_o skill_n of_o the_o husbandman_n to_o inspect_v into_o their_o nature_n and_o make_v use_n of_o such_o mean_n as_o be_v requisite_a as_o well_o to_o prevent_v as_o cure_v such_o disease_n the_o canker_n moss_n bark-bound_a and_o worm_n in_o tree_n prove_v very_o pernicious_a their_o cure_n we_o have_v already_o discourse_v of_o 7._o chap._n 7._o the_o jaundice_n or_o langor_z of_o tree_n make_v they_o seem_v to_o repine_v and_o their_o leave_n to_o fall_v off_o or_o wither_v and_o proceed_v from_o some_o hurt_n do_v to_o their_o root_n either_o by_o mole_n or_o mouse_n or_o by_o the_o stroke_n of_o some_o spade_n or_o by_o the_o tree_n stand_v too_o moist_a or_o low_a according_a as_o you_o find_v the_o disease_n so_o must_v you_o make_v use_n of_o a_o remedy_n either_o by_o search_v the_o root_n and_o if_o you_o find_v any_o wound_n or_o gall_n to_o cut_v it_o off_o a_o little_a above_o such_o wound_n and_o lay_v some_o soot_n there_o to_o keep_v vermin_n off_o if_o the_o injury_n come_v from_o they_o or_o if_o water_n offend_v either_o divert_v the_o water_n or_o remove_v the_o tree_n if_o it_o be_v plant_v too_o deep_a it_o be_v better_a to_o raise_v it_o than_o let_v it_o stand_v where_o you_o may_v be_v confident_a it_o will_v never_o thrive_v the_o general_a disease_n of_o tree_n and_o impediment_n to_o their_o thrive_a be_v either_o they_o stand_v too_o deep_a too_o dry_a too_o cold_a too_o moist_a too_o much_o in_o the_o wind_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o divers_a nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o tree_n therefore_o if_o you_o expect_v that_o a_o tree_n shall_v thrive_v observe_v his_o nature_n and_o in_o what_o place_n it_o most_o delight_n which_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n treat_v of_o wood_n and_o fruit-tree_n will_v sufficient_o direct_v sect_n vii_o of_o thief_n and_o ill_a neighbour_n there_o be_v no_o more_o constant_a certain_a and_o pernicious_a enemy_n to_o the_o husbandman_n thrift_n than_o man_n himself_o homo_fw-la homini_fw-la daemon_n they_o rob_v and_o steal_v from_o oppress_v malign_v injure_v persecute_v and_o devour_v one_o another_o to_o the_o decay_n of_o art_n and_o science_n and_o even_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o whole_a family_n of_o ingenious_a and_o industrious_a man_n every_o one_o strive_v to_o build_v up_o his_o house_n and_o raise_v his_o family_n by_o the_o ruin_n and_o decay_n of_o his_o neighbour_n but_o our_o only_a complaint_n be_v against_o the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o vile_a person_n that_o live_v after_o a_o most_o sordid_a manner_n and_o seek_v not_o wealth_n nor_o greatness_n but_o only_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o in_o a_o most_o despicable_a lazy_a kind_n of_o life_n by_o filch_v and_o steal_v from_o their_o honest_a and_o laborious_a neighbour_n and_o against_o such_o that_o though_o they_o steal_v not_o yet_o oppress_v oppugn_v and_o injure_v those_o that_o be_v more_o industrious_a than_o themselves_o the_o severe_a penalty_n of_o death_n be_v the_o punishment_n for_o theft_n thief_n against_o thief_n be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o infinite_a increase_n of_o thief_n first_o because_o many_o there_o be_v who_o if_o they_o