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it_o be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n diameter_n if_o you_o make_v your_o hole_n with_o a_o iron_n crow_n make_v it_o big_a enough_o that_o you_o do_v not_o thrust_v up_o the_o bark_n when_o you_o thrust_v they_o into_o the_o hole_n or_o if_o you_o make_v they_o with_o a_o stake_n observe_v the_o same_o but_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o bark_n to_o part_v from_o the_o wood_n tie_v it_o about_o the_o low_a end_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o wier_n etc._n etc._n set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a if_o great_a deep_a or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o quantity_n to_o set_v and_o will_v set_v they_o well_o then_o have_v a_o auger_n make_v somewhat_o like_a to_o a_o pump_n a_o little_o big_a than_o your_o set_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o set_n in_o and_o ram_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o but_o however_o you_o set_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o ram_n the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o i_o prefer_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n for_o the_o best_a season_n unless_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o wet_a then_o defer_v it_o till_o february_n but_o if_o you_o have_v ground_n that_o be_v wet_a and_o barren_a and_o that_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o plant_v make_v drein_n two_o spade-deep_a and_o a_o yard_n wide_a and_o at_o every_o two_o yard_n asunder_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o two_o yard_n of_o ground_n you_o leave_v and_o sow_v it_o the_o first_o year_n with_o oat_n to_o mellow_v the_o ground_n which_o may_v pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o your_o charge_n if_o not_o all_o the_o next_o winter_n set_v it_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o wood_n water-pople_a and_o other_o alder_a willow_n withy_o sallow_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o you_o may_v have_v a_o good_a fall_n of_o wood_n so_o may_v you_o have_v every_o five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o for_o many_o year_n to_o encourage_v you_o esquire_n evelin_n tell_v you_o of_o a_o abele_n that_o do_v shoot_v in_o one_o year_n seventeen_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o as_o thick_a as_o your_o wrist_n and_o also_o inform_v you_o of_o some_o willow_n that_o have_v shoot_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o foot_n in_o one_o year_n therefore_o to_o those_o gentleman_n that_o have_v wet_a or_o moorish_a ground_n which_o be_v bad_a and_o will_v not_o graze_v well_o do_v i_o direct_v this_o good_a husbandry_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o and_o fell_v well_o the_o charge_n to_o do_v this_o will_v not_o be_v great_a and_o to_o satisfy_v you_o the_o more_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o if_o you_o dig_v two_o spade_n deep_a then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o ground_n to_o dig_v that_o be_v to_o dig_v your_o trench_n one_o yard_n wide_a and_o leave_v two_o yard_n there_o to_o lay_v the_o earth_n and_o to_o sow_v one_o year_n or_o to_o set_v the_o set_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v make_v the_o ground_n ready_a 160_o rod_n in_o one_o acre_n divide_v by_o 3_o give_v one_o 3_o d._n of_o 160_o which_o be_v 53_o and_o â…“_n this_o 53_o double_a neglect_v the_o â…“_n as_o needless_a in_o such_o a_o business_n be_v 106_o now_o if_o i_o allow_v 3_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o one_o spade-deep_a that_o be_v 6_o d._n for_o two_o and_o then_o 2_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o set_v be_v 8_o penny_n the_o rod_n leave_v the_o set_v out_o and_o not_o count_v they_o because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v the_o scarceness_n or_o plentifulness_n of_o they_o where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v though_o they_o will_v cost_v but_o little_a now_o if_o i_o divide_v 106_o by_o 2_o be_v 2_o six_o pence_n be_v one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 53_o s._n and_o then_o divide_v 106_o by_o 6_o be_v 6_o two_o pence_n make_v one_o shilling_n be_v 17_o s._n 8._o d._n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v plant_v this_o way_n have_v the_o trench_n dig_v two_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v any_o sort_n of_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v shallow_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v full_a hereafter_o the_o charge_n except_v the_o set_v be_v but_o 3_o l._n 10_o s._n 8_o d._n where_o man_n can_v dig_v such_o ground_n for_o 3_o d._n the_o rod._n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o wet_a or_o the_o soyl_v surface_n very_o shallow_a then_o may_v you_o dig_v one_o yard_n and_o leave_v another_o throwing_z half_a your_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n and_o half_a on_o the_o other_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n this_o way_n there_o will_v not_o be_v half_o dig_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v a_o oblong_a square_n but_o if_o you_o count_v it_o at_o half_a that_o be_v 80_o rod_n which_o at_o the_o same_o price_n 3_o d._n the_o rod_n be_v 20_o s._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o threepence_n by_o four_o the_o three_o in_o a_o shilling_n the_o quotient_a give_v 20_o then_o 80_o twopence_n for_o set_v be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o by_o 6_o the_o twopence_n in_o one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 13_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o 2_o over_o which_o 2_o twopence_n be_v 4_o d._n that_o be_v then_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o 20_o s._n be_v one_o pound_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n charge_n yet_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o more_o oblong_o the_o piece_n be_v it_o will_v cost_v somewhat_o the_o less_o provide_v you_o divide_v your_o ground_n into_o yard_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o you_o can_v and_o leave_v a_o yard_n next_o the_o side_n where_o you_o begin_v and_o one_o at_o the_o side_n where_o you_o end_n have_v show_v you_o the_o charge_n or_o pretty_a near_o it_o and_o also_o two_o way_n how_o to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n of_o water-pople_a all_o sort_n of_o sallowe_n alder_n willow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n of_o root_n abele_n poplar_n and_o if_o not_o too_o wet_a elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n let_v none_o of_o these_o soft_a wood_n stand_v too_o long_o unlopt_v if_o pollard_n or_o unfel_v if_o stub_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v of_o all_o the_o popler_n water-pople_a endure_v best_o lop_n when_o great_a than_o the_o abele_n the_o asp_n worst_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a this_o water-pople_a do_v not_o increase_v of_o a_o runner_n as_o the_o other_o do_v i_o suppose_v this_o be_v the_o same_o which_o some_o call_v the_o black-pople_a it_o grow_v in_o several_a place_n about_o ware_n by_o their_o ditch-side_n and_o bring_v they_o good_a profit_n and_o therefore_o you_o that_o have_v wet_a ground_n get_v some_o of_o this_o to_o set_v by_o your_o ditch_n one_o row_n of_o this_o and_o one_o of_o willow_n for_o if_o you_o set_v one_o of_o these_o worth_n a_o halfpenny_n if_o they_o grow_v they_o will_v bring_v you_o that_o yearly_a for_o twenty_o year_n or_o more_o prune_n all_o soft_a wood_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o of_o raise_v the_o alder._n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o other_o i_o last_o write_v of_o some_o say_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o set_v they_o two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o they_o will_v certain_o grow_v and_o yield_v you_o good_a profit_n they_o love_v a_o wet_a moorish_a ground_n and_o will_v not_o grow_v on_o dry_a ground_n they_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o your_o boggy_a ground_n which_o seldom_o yield_v good_a grass_n some_o advise_v you_o to_o fell_v they_o every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n which_o be_v good_a counsel_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v above_o five_o or_o six_o year_n the_o wound_a place_n will_v be_v too_o great_a if_o you_o stay_v long_o and_o with_o wet_a will_v grow_v hollow_a if_o it_o be_v great_a before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v the_o wound_n as_o for_o soft_a wood_n or_o aquatic_a tree_n fell_a or_o lop_v none_o till_o to_o ward_n the_o spring_n viz._n february_n be_v the_o best_a season_n and_o the_o moon_n increase_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n the_o withy_a do_v best_a grow_v on_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o moist_a but_o yet_o the_o moisture_n must_v not_o be_v far_o from_o he_o as_o on_o the_o weep_a side_n of_o a_o hill_n where_o some_o spring_n break_v out_o or_o on_o bank_n by_o river_n or_o ditch_n side_n or_o on_o bank_n in_o your_o moorish_a ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o willow_n love_v to_o grow_v on_o such_o like_a ground_n both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a be_v set_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o water-pople_a be_v and_o of_o such_o set_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v pollard_n tree_n see_v the_o chapt._n before_o of_o the_o water-pople_a
and_o chap._n 6._o which_o teach_v how_o to_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o cut_n remember_v to_o keep_v they_o well_o fence_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side-shoots_a which_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o put_v out_o below_o the_o head_n and_o thin_a the_o head_n as_o you_o see_v it_o convenient_a leave_v not_o above_o six_o or_o eight_o for_o arm_n so_o do_v will_v make_v the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n swell_v and_o lie_v hold_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o better_a and_o as_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n of_o these_o and_o the_o follow_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o inquire_v after_o for_o i_o intend_v only_o to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o not_o to_o describe_v they_o and_o if_o you_o know_v how_o to_o raise_v some_o you_o may_v then_o soon_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v they_o all_o but_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n more_o which_o be_v call_v the_o smell_a willow_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o shoot_v a_o great_a shoot_n bear_v fine_a broad_a shine_a green_a leave_n and_o will_v grow_v on_o most_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o too_o dry_a it_o bear_v a_o sweet_a beautiful_a flower_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v set_v in_o orchard_n you_o that_o have_v river_n run_v by_o your_o orchard_n plant_v some_o of_o this_o if_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a and_o pretty_a good_a it_o will_v grow_v mighty_o and_o yield_v ornament_n and_o profit_n it_o be_v easy_o increase_v of_o cut_n which_o if_o set_v as_o be_v show_v in_o chap._n 6._o will_v grow_v every_o one_o only_a mind_n if_o your_o ground_n have_v a_o dry_a bottom_n than_o set_v they_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o wall_n beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o smell_n the_o industrious_a bee_n love_v it_o much_o it_o be_v as_o easy_o increase_v as_o any_o sallow_a and_o bear_v as_o good_a a_o lop_n then_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o as_o common_a from_o one_o small_a plant_n i_o have_v raise_v some_o hundred_o and_o have_v set_v several_a in_o our_o wood-walks_a at_o cashiobury_n where_o they_o grow_v well_o notwithstanding_o our_o dry_a ground_n but_o they_o be_v root_v before_o i_o set_v they_o there_o i_o commend_v the_o like_a husbandry_n to_o the_o lover_n of_o plant_v and_o to_o those_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o that_o busy_a martial_a creature_n for_o it_o be_v a_o early_a relief_n to_o they_o it_o may_v also_o be_v very_o plentiful_o increase_v by_o lay_v for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o cover_v with_o ground_n it_o will_v root_n of_o sallow_n there_o be_v three_o common_a sort_n all_o of_o they_o love_v a_o moist_a ground_n but_o that_o with_o the_o round_a leaf_n will_v grow_v on_o bank_n as_o in_o hedge_n for_o if_o you_o set_v they_o for_o stake_n they_o will_v take_v root_n and_o though_o they_o be_v no_o very_o good_a fence_n yet_o they_o will_v yield_v good_a profit_n the_o two_o other_o grow_v best_a on_o moorish_a ground_n and_o there_o will_v yield_v great_a shoot_n they_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n much_o and_o may_v be_v increase_v well_o by_o lay_v both_o which_o way_n you_o may_v thicken_v your_o wood_n very_o much_o but_o than_o you_o must_v keep_v out_o cattle_n especial_o all_o deer_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o above_o they_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o seed_n as_o the_o elm_n be_v some_o year_n for_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o all_o year_n good_a with_o we_o no_o more_o be_v the_o elm_n and_o line_n i_o have_v raise_v many_o of_o they_o of_o seed_n in_o the_o downy_a substance_n but_o they_o be_v so_o easy_o increase_v by_o cut_n and_o lay_v that_o you_o need_v not_o trouble_v yourself_o to_o raise_v they_o of_o seed_n it_o be_v as_o profitable_a a_o wood_n for_o under-wood_n in_o wood_n as_o any_o you_o can_v set_v in_o they_o for_o fire_n produce_v strong_a and_o great_a shoot_n therefore_o where_o you_o stock_n up_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n set_v two_o or_o three_o sallow_a truncheon_n with_o some_o other_o wood_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o run_v as_o elm_n cherry_n abele_n etc._n etc._n so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o thin_a wood_n make_v a_o thick_a good_a wood_n or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v moorish_a and_o will_v not_o yield_v good_a grass_n then_o plant_v as_o be_v before_o show_v of_o the_o water-pople_a and_o it_o will_v yield_v you_o quick_a and_o great_a profit_n if_o you_o will_v see_v more_o large_o of_o these_o sallowe_n etc._n etc._n see_v esquire_n evelyn_n 19_o the_o chapt._n he_o tell_v you_o you_o may_v graft_v fig_n and_o mulberry_n on_o they_o and_o that_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o the_o first_o be_v true_a you_o may_v graft_v on_o they_o but_o you_o have_v best_o try_v the_o other_o for_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o pliny_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o forbear_v of_o oziers_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n and_o be_v all_o raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o sallow_a they_o love_v a_o moist_a and_o more_o moorish_a ground_n than_o the_o sallow_a or_o willow_n the_o basket-maker_n know_v best_a the_o time_n to_o fell_v they_o which_o may_v be_v do_v any_o time_n in_o winter_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v well_o fence_v from_o cattle_n and_o thus_o i_o shall_v conclude_v of_o the_o aquatic_a tree_n only_o let_v i_o desire_v all_o those_o that_o have_v moorish_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o yield_v little_a profit_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o sure_a direction_n and_o i_o do_v engage_v you_o a_o great_a and_o certain_a profit_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n these_o stately_a tree_n want_v more_o respect_n with_o we_o than_o they_o have_v and_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n which_o make_v it_o so_o the_o first_o be_v ignorance_n in_o plant_v they_o and_o that_o be_v they_o miss_v the_o right_a time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o set_v they_o plant_v they_o when_o other_o tree_n be_v plant_v as_o from_o november_n to_o march_v which_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a time_n in_o the_o year_n but_o the_o best_a time_n to_o remove_v these_o or_o most_o sort_n of_o green_n be_v from_o mid_a march_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n or_o from_o mid_a august_n to_o the_o last_o which_o be_v the_o very_o best_a time_n unless_o for_o tender_a green_n and_o i_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v any_o of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n they_o love_v not_o dung_n but_o a_o fresh_a gravelly_a soil_n mix_v with_o loom_n also_o mind_n but_o the_o root_n and_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o that_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n must_v not_o be_v set_v too_o deep_a therefore_o take_v heed_n you_o commit_v not_o that_o fault_n to_o they_o for_o if_o you_o look_v into_o gerrard_n herbal_a with_o jonson_n addition_n to_o it_o pag._n 1364._o you_o be_v there_o inform_v by_o that_o laborious_a author_n that_o firre_v grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o rock_n in_o great_a plenty_n and_o also_o large_a tree_n in_o the_o cold_a country_n of_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o pine_n 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very_o curious_a hedge_n of_o pear_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o be_o too_o far_o get_v into_o the_o orchard_n or_o garden_n i_o must_v retreat_v to_o my_o forrest-tree_n to_o shelter_v i_o from_o the_o gardiner_n anger_n of_o those_o sort_n that_o be_v for_o ornament_n profit_n and_o for_o fence_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v two_o peculiar_a sort_n viz._n the_o white-thorn_n and_o the_o crab_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o most_o proper_a to_o fence_v in_o our_o forrest-tree_n and_o wood_n of_o any_o i_o know_v i_o know_v most_o hedge_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o many_o sort_n of_o wood_n be_v apt_a to_o come_v too_o fast_o without_o plant_v set_v of_o white-thorn_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v plentiful_a to_o be_v have_v burr_n if_o you_o will_v raise_v they_o of_o haws_n order_v they_o as_o be_v show_v of_o the_o cherry_n or_o yew-berry_n now_o to_o raise_v your_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n though_o the_o crab-stock_n be_v better_a than_o your_o apple-stock_n 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the_o kernel_n i_o mean_v a_o little_a moist_a till_o february_n and_o then_o sow_v they_o but_o be_v sure_a your_o ground_n be_v well_o prepare_v beforehand_o with_o good_a tillage_n and_o clean_o pick_v cover_v they_o about_o one_o inch_n or_o a_o little_a more_o with_o fine_a mould_n afterward_o when_o they_o come_v up_o keep_v they_o constant_o clean_a from_o weed_n remember_v if_o you_o sow_v at_o michaelmas_n that_o you_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v trap_n set_v for_o fear_v mouse_n rob_v you_o of_o your_o kernel_n thus_o may_v you_o raise_v what_o quantity_n of_o stock_n you_o please_v which_o at_o two_o and_o three_o year_n old_a you_o may_v set_v where_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o stand_v for_o to_o raise_v tree_n or_o to_o make_v hedge_n for_o fence_v in_o your_o ground_n keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n by_o digging_z or_o hoe_z thus_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o furnish_v yourselves_o with_o store_n of_o stock_n in_o a_o little_a time_n which_o will_v make_v you_o as_o strong_a and_o good_a fence_n as_o most_o wood_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v very_o profitable_a too_o both_o to_o yield_v good_a liquor_n for_o drink_v and_o to_o bring_v good_a fuel_n to_o the_o fire_n i_o shall_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o plant_v these_o quickset_n both_o for_o hedge_n with_o ditch_n and_o for_o stant-hedge_n as_o some_o call_v they_o without_o ditch_n first_o strain_v a_o line_n where_o the_o inside_n of_o your_o ditch_n must_v go_v next_o your_o hedge_n then_o mark_v along_o by_o the_o line_n slope_v as_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bank_n of_o your_o hedge_n to_o slope_v then_o strain_v the_o line_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o mark_v it_o out_o slope_v inward_a
be_v break_v and_o the_o tree_n old_a cut_v it_o off_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n but_o little_a bough_n close_o 12._o if_o a_o tree_n be_v blast_v in_o part_n or_o the_o whole_a head_n cut_v all_o that_o be_v blast_v or_o dead_a close_o off_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o take_v out_o all_o dead_a bough_n keep_v caterpillar_n from_o the_o head_n of_o young_a tree_n lest_o they_o eat_v off_o the_o leave_n and_o bud_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n 13._o take_v care_n to_o destroy_v mole_n and_o mouse_n by_o trap_n or_o poison_n for_o mole_n will_v make_v hollow_a the_o ground_n and_o much_o harm_n your_o young_a tree_n mouse_n will_v eat_v all_o the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o body_n in_o hard_a winter_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n but_o mind_v you_o in_o time_n to_o prevent_v they_o 14._o rook_n do_v destroy_v many_o a_o tree_n both_o old_a and_o young_a before_o their_o time_n as_o to_o old_a tree_n by_o pinch_v off_o the_o top_n and_o break_v off_o the_o bud_n and_o young_a tree_n by_o light_v on_o their_o head_n their_o weight_n break_v off_o their_o young_a tender_a shoot_n and_o bud_n cause_n the_o tree_n to_o die_v and_o also_o they_o destroy_v seedling_n where_o they_o breed_v their_o dung_n bring_v forth_o great_a weed_n as_o nettle_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o choke_v the_o young_a seedling_n therefore_o kill_v all_o of_o they_o you_o can_v at_o breeding-time_n by_o shoot_v they_o and_o set_v lime-twips_a on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o young_a tree_n you_o will_v thrive_v the_o better_a if_o you_o destroy_v they_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o felling_n and_o order_v wood_n and_o coppice_n if_o you_o love_v to_o have_v a_o thrive_a wood_n and_o to_o improve_v it_o for_o your_o best_a advantage_n your_o best_a way_n be_v not_o to_o let_v it_o stand_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v for_o the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o under-wood_n the_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v as_o at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n on_o a_o shallow_a ground_n and_o twelve_o or_o 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let_v his_o tree_n stand_v which_o be_v former_o worth_a 10_o or_o 5_o l._n a_o tree_n or_o more_o till_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o half_a that_o they_o be_v here_o he_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o money_n more_o than_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v a_o oak_n he_o lose_v the_o bark_n with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o it_o be_v likely_a several_a young_a tree_n may_v have_v be_v if_o that_o have_v be_v take_v down_o in_o time_n i_o know_v that_o some_o person_n of_o quality_n say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o ground_n but_o i_o think_v no_o great_a than_o it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o person_n to_o wear_v a_o garment_n very_o old_a with_o half_a a_o skirt_n a_o piece_n of_o a_o sleeve_n and_o all_o the_o trim_v off_o but_o i_o shall_v never_o pronounce_v such_o judgement_n against_o tree_n have_v ten_o time_n more_o mercy_n such_o as_o be_v thrive_v unless_o they_o stand_v too_o thick_a i_o will_v entreat_v you_o not_o to_o 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stake_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o your_o walk_n bid_v one_o of_o your_o assistance_n go_v as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v well_o see_v back-sight_n and_o foresight_n and_o there_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o your_o hand_n or_o hat_n and_o his_o own_o back-sight_n let_v he_o fix_v upright_o one_o stake_n as_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o line_n then_o take_v up_o the_o two_o little_a stake_n and_o at_o the_o centre_n fix_v in_o a_o stake_n six_o foot_n high_a straight_o and_o upright_o with_o paper_n on_o the_o top_n and_o exact_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o little_a stake_n stand_v thus_o have_v get_v two_o stake_n place_v the_o middle-stake_n and_o the_o centre-stake_n you_o may_v if_o your_o walk_n be_v level_a and_o the_o ground_n clear_a and_o the_o walk_v not_o above_o one_o mile_n long_o set_v up_o one_o stake_n at_o the_o end_n in_o the_o mid-line_n look_v over_o the_o head_n of_o that_o stake_n and_o the_o other_o move_v it_o till_o these_o three_o stake_n be_v 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the_o middle-stake_n and_o centre-stake_n one_o and_o between_o the_o middle_a and_o end-stake_n one_o if_o need_v require_v more_o i_o have_v oft_o make_v use_n of_o a_o sight-stake_n which_o i_o have_v only_o to_o find_v the_o place_n where_o my_o other_o stake_n shall_v stand_v this_o stake_n be_v make_v with_o a_o slit_n in_o the_o head_n half_o a_o foot_n deep_a which_o i_o look_v through_o over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rest_n till_o i_o find_v the_o place_n where_o to_o set_v my_o stake_n right_o in_o the_o mid-line_n it_o be_v of_o good_a use_n and_o fig._n 13._o may_v somewhat_o represent_v it_o you_o may_v make_v it_o to_o slide_v up_o and_o down_o the_o better_a to_o come_v to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n see_v fig._n 13._o when_o you_o take_v sight_n to_o set_v any_o stake_n true_a in_o a_o line_n with_o other_o stand_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n with_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n so_o shall_v you_o set_v it_o exacter_n in_o the_o line_n than_o when_o your_o eye_n touch_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n set_v your_o stake_n so_o that_o you_o may_v only_o see_v three_o stake_n in_o a_o line_n let_v your_o walk_n be_v of_o what_o length_n it_o will_n have_v thus_o stake_v out_o your_o mid-line_n strain_v a_o line_n in_o this_o mid-line_n and_o lay_v a_o square_a to_o that_o line_n so_o set_v off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o walk_n exact_o square_a to_o your_o middle-line_n then_o set_v up_o stake_n as_o you_o do_v against_o every_o stake_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o walk_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v the_o line_n true_a where_o your_o tree_n must_v stand_v then_o drive_v down_o oak-stake_n in_o the_o line_n to_o the_o head_n and_o then_o it_o be_v but_o put_v down_o high_a stake_n by_o these_o when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n then_o have_v resolve_v on_o the_o distance_n to_o set_v your_o tree_n at_o and_o provide_v good_a store_n of_o small_a stake_n take_v your_o chain_n and_o not_o a_o line_n for_o that_o will_v retch_v and_o shrink_v and_o with_o your_o help_n set_v little_a stake_n downright_o in_o this_o line_n and_o square_v where_o you_o will_v have_v every_o tree_n to_o stand_v these_o stake_n be_v to_o make_v your_o hole_n by_o which_o i_o will_v have_v at_o least_o three_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o hole_n make_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n if_o it_o be_v a_o year_n it_o be_v the_o better_a keep_v the_o mould_n turn_v over_o now_o and_o then_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o earth_n or_o dung_n if_o need_v be_v then_o when_o the_o time_n of_o plant_v be_v come_v begin_v betimes_o however_o on_o dry_a ground_n set_v up_o stake_n by_o every_o oak-stake_n you_o leave_v in_o the_o row_n before_o have_v prune_v the_o root_n and_o head_n to_o a_o equal_a height_n set_v they_o right_v one_o tree_n against_o another_o square_n and_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o all_o of_o one_o size_n set_v the_o great_a 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forth_o in_o one_o shoot_v or_o to_o set_v any_o sort_n of_o fruit_n with_o the_o fleshy_a part_n on_o be_v also_o great_a error_n five_o er._n to_z bear_v hole_n in_o tree_n and_o to_o put_v honey_n or_o other_o sweet_a thing_n into_o they_o to_o make_v they_o bear_v more_o and_o sweet_a fruit_n be_v also_o a_o great_a fallacy_n six_o er._n to_o think_v that_o the_o sap_n of_o tree_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o winter_n fall_v from_o the_o head_n into_o the_o root_n be_v a_o gross_a mistake_n many_o more_o there_o be_v which_o i_o can_v count_v up_o but_o these_o be_v too_o many_o either_o to_o be_v write_v or_o keep_v in_o memory_n thus_o have_v show_v you_o some_o error_n i_o here_o beg_v pardon_n for_o my_o own_o that_o be_v in_o this_o book_n i_o know_v i_o have_v commit_v tautology_n the_o reason_n be_v i_o have_v be_v long_o in_o take_v true_a observation_n but_o i_o hope_v that_o which_o be_v so_o useful_a can_v be_v too_o often_o repeat_v i_o have_v use_v arithmetic_n the_o 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not_o reason_n in_o it_o prove_v by_o experience_n whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o and_o do_v not_o say_v it_o be_v so_o or_o so_o because_o i_o say_v it_o but_o as_o you_o find_v it_o and_o let_v i_o be_v plain_a with_o you_o further_o always_o when_o i_o undertake_v any_o difficult_a business_n i_o be_v as_o careful_a as_o i_o can_v be_v to_o elect_v a_o fit_a time_n to_o begin_v that_o business_n in_o and_o to_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n i_o speak_v it_o i_o always_o have_v the_o great_a success_n in_o my_o great_a undertake_n though_o many_o time_n i_o have_v be_v altogether_o ignorant_a in_o they_o and_o many_o time_n fail_v in_o small_a thing_n when_o i_o think_v of_o the_o least_o danger_n i_o know_v some_o will_v smile_v at_o this_o truth_n but_o let_v they_o laugh_v that_o win_v i_o never_o lose_v by_o it_o the_o wise_a man_n that_o ever_o be_v tell_v you_o there_o be_v a_o time_n for_o all_o thing_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v in_o sow_v graft_a and_o garden_v for_o it_o shall_v be_v my_o opinion_n to_o think_v and_o judge_v as_o cause_v i_o find_v my_o rule_n be_v not_o another_o mind_n or_o as_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n cowley_n have_v it_o from_o the_o learned_a dubartas_n senseless_a be_v he_o who_o without_o blush_n deny_v what_o to_o sound_a sense_n most_o apparent_a lie_n and_o '_o against_o experience_n he_o that_o spit_v fallacians_n be_v to_o be_v hiss_v from_o learned_a disputation_n and_o such_o be_v he_o that_o do_v affirm_v the_o star_n to_o have_v no_o force_n on_o these_o inferior_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o some_o rule_n how_o to_o prune_v forrest-tree_n which_o well_o do_v add_v much_o to_o their_o shape_n growth_n and_o long_a life_n every_o one_o that_o make_v any_o observation_n of_o tree_n see_v this_o truth_n confirm_v in_o their_o sshape_v and_o though_o many_o be_v against_o prune_v of_o forrest-tree_n yet_o it_o add_v much_o to_o their_o growth_n and_o if_o do_v by_o a_o skilful_a hand_n and_o at_o fit_a time_n it_o add_v much_o to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o timber_n though_o several_a its_o possible_a will_v tell_v you_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v the_o borrower_n that_o thing_n of_o trust_n that_o be_v truth_n be_v great_a great_a opposer_n but_o to_o confirm_v the_o growth_n by_o prune_v take_v this_o example_n there_o grow_v a_o young_a oak_n near_o the_o orange-house_n at_o cashiobury_n about_o nine_o inch_n diameter_n with_o many_o young_a bough_n on_o the_o side_n which_o rob_v the_o head_n so_o much_o that_o it_o do_v shoot_v but_o little_a have_v more_o bough_n than_o the_o root_n can_v well_o maintain_v i_o take_v off_o the_o side-bough_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1675_o my_o lord_n order_v i_o to_o fell_v it_o it_o stand_v too_o near_o a_o walk_n we_o have_v make_v my_o lord_n be_v at_o cashiobury_n and_o discourse_v of_o prune_v forrest-tree_n with_o the_o ingenious_a artist_n sir_n samuel_n moreland_n and_o hugh_n may_v esquire_n i_o show_v they_o the_o truth_n confirm_v in_o this_o tree_n for_o that_o year_n it_o be_v prune_v it_o do_v grow_v â…–_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v near_o as_o it_o have_v grow_v in_o five_o year_n before_o it_o continue_v that_o growth_n very_o near_o for_o the_o six_o year_n after_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o annual_a circle_n to_o they_o and_o i_o and_o as_o good_a prune_v do_v help_v the_o growth_n of_o tree_n so_o also_o it_o do_v prolong_v their_o life_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o prune_n of_o some_o annual_a plant_n will_v make_v they_o live_v more_o year_n than_o one_o for_o good_a prune_v may_v take_v off_o that_o which_o ill_a prune_n have_v leave_v or_o the_o wind_n which_o otherwise_o will_v destroy_v the_o tree_n in_o little_a time_n and_o as_o i_o have_v say_v something_o in_o this_o book_n of_o prune_v forrest-tree_n so_o i_o wish_v some_o able_a man_n will_v show_v some_o rule_n or_o his_o judgement_n of_o prune_v all_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n and_o plant_n that_o bear_v fruit_n that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o light_n for_o a_o man_n to_o see_v to_o ground_v his_o reason_n on_o for_o we_o be_v much_o to_o seek_v both_o in_o the_o manner_n how_o and_o the_o time_n when_o to_o prune_n our_o fruit-tree_n both_o to_o improve_v they_o and_o their_o fruit._n i_o also_o have_v show_v you_o several_a rule_n of_o artificial_a arithmetic_n by_o the_o canon_n of_o logarithm_n and_o several_a rule_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n or_o gunter_n line_n which_o for_o their_o excellent_a use_n can_v be_v make_v too_o common_a or_o too_o well_o know_v to_o the_o ingenious_a and_o last_o i_o have_v not_o bushel_v my_o light_n but_o have_v set_v it_o to_o the_o public_a view_n which_o if_o it_o enlighten_v thou_o in_o the_o good_a and_o true_a way_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o thy_o benefit_n and_o pleasure_n it_o be_v possible_a i_o shall_v do_v thou_o if_o the_o lord_n permit_v some_o other_o piece_n of_o service_n far_o to_o direct_v thou_o in_o the_o truth_n my_o request_n to_o thou_o be_v to_o correct_v the_o mispoint_v or_o page_v for_o my_o business_n be_v such_o that_o i_o can_v see_v it_o correct_v myself_o but_o trust_v in_o your_o goodness_n shall_v conclude_v small_a fault_n if_o you_o will_v pardon_v and_o some_o amend_v then_o i_o will_v be_v you_o to_o my_o life_n end_n from_o cashiobury_n near_o watford_n novemb_n 16._o an._n 1675._o m._n cook_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o raise_v tree_n the_o best_a for_o forrest-tree_n be_v by_o their_o seed_n key_n or_o nut_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v raise_v most_o sort_n
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good_a for_o it_o will_v burn_v up_o your_o seed_n or_o plant_n this_o dung_n be_v too_o hot_a and_o quick_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o pigeon_n to_o eat_v salt_n and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o seaside_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o there_o to_o pick_v up_o salt_n which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v by_o dry_v up_o the_o salt_n water_n and_o then_o leave_v the_o salt_n upon_o the_o sand_n now_o this_o fowl_n feed_v so_o much_o upon_o salt_n the_o dung_n of_o it_o be_v hot_a and_o salt_a than_o any_o fowl_n i_o know_v now_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v good_a for_o cold_a land_n and_o withal_o to_o sow_v it_o early_o be_v these_o every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o salt_n that_o the_o dryer_n and_o hot_a it_o be_v keep_v the_o more_o it_o keep_v its_o own_o body_n and_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o water_n and_o when_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o cold_a and_o moist_a place_n it_o than_o dissolve_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o water_n and_o when_o it_o be_v turn_v into_o this_o element_n of_o water_n then_o be_v it_o fit_a for_o the_o nourish_a and_o feed_v of_o seed_n especial_o annual_n for_o they_o be_v always_o prepare_v to_o set_v forward_o in_o their_o journey_n provide_v they_o meet_v but_o with_o suitable_a entertainment_n but_o the_o seed_n of_o most_o forrest-tree_n they_o will_v stay_v the_o time_n that_o their_o and_o our_o great_a god_n have_v allot_v they_o but_o then_o why_o salt_n shall_v be_v a_o feeder_n of_o plant_n or_o seed_n i_o take_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v this_o namely_o salt-water_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v of_o salt_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o in_o meet_a place_n that_o will_v turn_v it_o into_o water_n i_o have_v oft_o observe_v that_o salt_n if_o fall_v upon_o a_o board_n or_o other_o place_n it_o will_v be_v long_o a_o dry_n and_o if_o heat_v have_v make_v it_o dry_a than_o dew_n or_o rain_n make_v it_o moist_a again_o than_o it_o steam_v forth_o and_o that_o it_o be_v which_o nourish_v all_o plant_n when_o if_o on_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a ground_n and_o late_o in_o the_o spring_n if_o dry_a weather_n come_v than_o it_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v yield_v its_o steam_n or_o fume_n as_o paracelsus_n in_o his_o philosophy_n to_o the_o athenian_n lib._n 3._o p._n 57_o say_v every_o body_n or_o tangible_a substance_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o curdle_a fume_n whence_o say_v he_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o there_o be_v a_o manifold_a coagulation_n one_o of_o wood_n another_o of_o stone_n a_o three_o of_o metal_n but_o the_o body_n be_v nothing_o but_o fume_v smoke_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n or_o matrix_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v so_o that_o which_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o fume_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o moisture_n of_o mercury_n which_o be_v various_a and_o send_v forth_o several_a fume_n for_o herb_n tree_n etc._n etc._n i_o do_v remember_v when_o i_o be_v a_o boy_n about_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n the_o sea_n break_v a_o bank_n into_o a_o marsh_n of_o my_o father_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o do_v overflow_v that_o marsh_n and_o some_o other_o with_o salt_n sea-water_n the_o next_o summer_n prove_v dry_a all_o our_o grass_n be_v clear_o burn_v up_o so_o that_o i_o be_v very_o much_o concern_v for_o some_o particular_a reason_n think_v that_o all_o our_o grass_n have_v be_v quite_o kill_v and_o indeed_o so_o it_o appear_v the_o next_o summer_n prove_v wet_a so_o that_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n we_o have_v some_o grass_n again_o and_o the_o three_o summer_n we_o have_v grass_n enough_o but_o the_o four_o and_o many_o after_o in_o abundance_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v the_o ground_n be_v stupefy_v with_o too_o much_o kindness_n at_o first_o but_o after_o the_o rain_n have_v allay_v the_o too_o much_o strength_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n than_o the_o grass_n can_v well_o digest_v the_o gentle_a fume_v i_o will_v have_v those_o that_o lay_v salt_n on_o their_o gravel-walks_a to_o kill_v their_o weed_n 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principal_a and_o first_o matter_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o a_o learned_a author_n have_v it_o in_o the_o genealogy_n of_o mineral_n p._n 44_o so_o wonderful_o have_v god_n create_v water_n the_o first_o matter_n of_o nature_n which_o though_o it_o be_v so_o tender_a and_o feeble_a a_o substance_n yet_o from_o thence_o be_v create_v the_o most_o solid_a and_o durable_a fruit_n that_o be_v from_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o oily_a earthy_a water_n be_v the_o life_n of_o all_o plant_n the_o part_n of_o the_o dust_n be_v thus_o fill_v upon_o the_o sun_n attract_v that_o and_o the_o plant_n the_o root_n embrace_v this_o fume_v this_o little_a root_n it_o have_v not_o life_n to_o grow_v turn_v to_o earth_n and_o its_o grave_n be_v a_o room_n to_o lead_v the_o root_n of_o another_o plant_n in_o it_o will_v give_v good_a entertainment_n to_o its_o own_o kind_a thus_o you_o see_v the_o destruction_n of_o one_o be_v the_o increase_n of_o another_o a_o little_a of_o this_o be_v good_a for_o some_o seed_n of_o forrest-tree_n but_o sow_v it_o not_o too_o thick_a for_o any_o thing_n lest_o it_o mould_n or_o turn_v musty_a note_v that_o the_o place_n which_o be_v best_a for_o the_o root_n to_o be_v in_o when_o the_o tree_n or_o plant_n be_v grow_v be_v the_o place_n that_o bring_v it_o soon_o to_o destruction_n when_o dead_a and_o contrary_a for_o a_o tree_n can_v live_v in_o water_n or_o always_o dry_a and_o those_o preserve_v the_o timber_n long_o when_o the_o tree_n be_v dead_a this_o may_v be_v further_o improve_v by_o ingenuity_n note_v also_o that_o the_o place_n which_o be_v best_a to_o keep_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a for_o a_o tree_n or_o plant_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o contrary_a old_a rag_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n as_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n by_o the_o industrious_a farmer_n cut_v into_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o good_a compost_n for_o their_o ground_n they_o draw_v the_o dew_n and_o rain_n to_o they_o and_o keep_v it_o till_o sol_n 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be_v break_a brick_n and_o stone_n and_o lime_n be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n the_o reason_n be_v tell_v you_o chalk_n break_v small_a into_o piece_n be_v a_o very_a good_a compost_n for_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o chalk_n but_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a fat_a chalk_n be_v good_a for_o such_o ground_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o for_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o stiff_o let_v your_o reason_n instruct_v you_o further_o lime_n be_v a_o very_a rare_a compost_n for_o cold_a ground_n and_o stiff_a clayes_n for_o its_o heat_n cause_v a_o fume_n and_o its_o tenderness_n make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o fetch_v home_o their_o nourishment_n and_o its_o heat_n be_v great_a at_o first_o therefore_o lay_v not_o on_o too_o much_o on_o no_o ground_n and_o let_v that_o be_v slack_v if_o your_o dry_a ground_n be_v it_o your_o tree_n delight_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o you_o be_v force_v to_o set_v they_o on_o 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learning_n reflect_v upon_o man_n imagination_n but_o not_o the_o least_o thing_n comprehend_v substantial_o but_o to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n take_v clay_n or_o loom_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o too_o thick_a the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n and_o there_o let_v it_o be_v till_o the_o frost_n have_v make_v it_o fall_v into_o mould_n then_o in_o some_o dry_a open_a time_n harrow_v it_o all_o over_o and_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o plough_n then_o plough_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o trench_n for_o forrest_n or_o fruit-tree_n observe_v to_o order_v it_o so_o for_o by_o thus_o do_v the_o clay_n will_v mix_v with_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n much_o the_o better_o the_o better_a that_o any_o man_n chew_v his_o meat_n it_o be_v certain_o the_o easy_a to_o digest_v and_o the_o dry_a you_o put_v it_o into_o your_o ground_n provide_v it_o have_v but_o time_n to_o water_n itself_o well_o before_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v it_o be_v the_o better_a for_o than_o it_o draw_v the_o mercury_n and_o store_v it_o up_o till_o the_o root_n have_v occasion_n for_o it_o for_o it_o be_v quick_o exhale_v out_o of_o sand_n but_o the_o clay_n hold_v his_o store_n till_o a_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o then_o contribute_v to_o the_o root_n that_o be_v in_o dry_a weather_n and_o the_o small_a you_o make_v it_o to_o mix_v with_o your_o ground_n the_o likely_a the_o small_a root_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a be_v to_o meet_v with_o it_o note_v further_o that_o the_o small_a your_o plant_n be_v the_o fine_a must_v your_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o skreen_v fift_a beat_v turn_v etc._n etc._n i_o know_v by_o good_a success_n this_o to_o be_v true_a for_o the_o right_n honourable_a my_o lord_n and_o the_o more_o to_o be_v honour_v because_o a_o great_a planter_n and_o as_o great_a a_o lover_n thereof_o give_v i_o order_n to_o make_v three_o walk_n of_o line-tree_n from_o the_o new_a garden_n to_o the_o new_a bowling-green_n and_o withal_o to_o make_v they_o descend_v towards_o the_o house_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v which_o to_o do_v i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v through_o one_o hill_n thirty_o rod_n most_o of_o the_o hill_n two_o foot-deep_a into_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n be_v the_o same_o they_o be_v tree_n that_o i_o raise_v of_o seed_n most_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o layer_n at_o hadham-hail_a they_o be_v with_o my_o lord_n ever_o since_o their_o minority_n and_o he_o many_o time_n their_o barber_n engage_v he_o to_o have_v the_o more_o particular_a kindness_n for_o they_o therefore_o he_o order_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o think_v good_a in_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o which_o i_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o i_o level_v the_o hill_n and_o when_o i_o have_v bring_v the_o ground_n near_o to_o the_o level_n conclude_v on_o i_o stake_v out_o my_o ground_n where_o every_o tree_n shall_v stand_v and_o then_o order_v my_o hole_n to_o 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the_o weak_a your_o ground_n make_v your_o water_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n in_o farmer_n yard_n a_o water_n that_o wash_v from_o their_o dunghill_n a_o load_n of_o which_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o a_o load_n of_o dung_n yet_o by_o they_o total_o neglect_v but_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n thus_o have_v hint_v of_o these_o two_o useful_a and_o common_a dung_n cow_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o example_n of_o these_o line-tree_n only_o observe_v this_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v horse-dung_n be_v best_a for_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n and_o growth_n
from_o it_o till_o the_o next_o year_n or_o rather_o long_a then_o take_v it_o up_o at_o a_o fit_a season_n and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o will_v at_o those_o end_n where_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v off_o have_v draw_v many_o tender_a young_a root_n apt_a to_o take_v and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o tree_n wheresoever_o you_o shall_v transplant_v he_o further_o to_o facilitate_v the_o removal_n of_o such_o great_a tree_n or_o small_a one_o that_o be_v ticklish_a to_o remove_v for_o the_o adornment_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o the_o rarity_n of_o the_o plant_n there_o be_v this_o expedient_a a_o little_a before_o the_o hard_a frost_n surprise_v you_o make_v a_o trench_n about_o your_o tree_n at_o such_o distance_n from_o the_o stem_n as_o you_o judge_v sufficient_a for_o the_o root_n dig_v this_o so_o deep_a till_o you_o come_v low_o than_o the_o side-root_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o dry_a ground_n water_n the_o hill_n of_o earth_n the_o frost_n will_v lay_v hold_n on_o it_o the_o more_o but_o common_o in_o winter_n before_o frost_n we_o have_v shower_n save_v you_o that_o labour_n then_o lay_v some_o litter_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o trench_n which_o will_v keep_v that_o part_n from_o freeze_a in_o case_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o undermine_v it_o more_o to_o loosen_v it_o when_o you_o take_v it_o up_o as_o be_v very_o likely_a you_o will_v thus_o let_v it_o stand_v till_o some_o hard_a frost_n do_v bind_v the_o earth_n firm_o to_o the_o root_n and_o then_o convey_v it_o to_o the_o pit_n or_o hole_n prepare_v for_o its_o new_a station_n have_v before_o cover_v the_o earth_n by_o with_o some_o horselitter_n to_o keep_v that_o earth_n from_o freeze_a which_o mould_n will_v then_o be_v ready_a to_o cover_v that_o clod_n round_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n and_o so_o secure_v it_o the_o better_a and_o that_o litter_n will_v do_v well_o to_o lay_v round_o the_o tree_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o 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big_a enough_o for_o walk_n wood_n or_o what_o you_o please_v thus_o much_o at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o sycamore_n only_o remember_v as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a wood_n to_o plant_v in_o coppice_n and_o wood_n chap._n xxi_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o hornbeam_n i_o tell_v you_o but_o now_o of_o the_o sycamore_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v set_v in_o park_n because_o deer_n do_v not_o often_o bark_v they_o but_o of_o all_o tree_n that_o i_o know_v for_o that_o purpose_n this_o be_v the_o best_a for_o a_o deer_n will_v starve_v before_o he_o will_v so_o much_o as_o taste_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o hornbeam_n they_o do_v not_o love_v much_o the_o very_a small_a top_n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n or_o by_o lay_v but_o by_o seed_n be_v best_a though_o the_o young_a seedling_n be_v tender_a the_o seed_n may_v be_v sow_v at_o the_o time_n direct_v for_o the_o ash_n for_o it_o lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o it_o come_v up_o and_o then_o 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you_o may_v make_v your_o hole_n square_a if_o you_o please_v see_v figure_n 1_o this_o be_v much_o like_a to_o that_o question_n whether_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n square_n or_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n most_o when_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v some_o say_v they_o be_v both_o alike_o but_o it_o be_v their_o mistake_n for_o ½_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v only_o 6_o inch_n every_o way_n that_o be_v 6_o time_n 6_o be_v 36_o and_o 6_o time_n 36_o be_v 216_o inch_n when_o as_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n be_v the_o half_a of_o a_o cubical_a square_a foot_n the_o number_n be_v 12_o the_o square_a root_n be_v 144_o for_o 12_o time_n 12_o make_v 144_o and_o 12_o time_n 144_o make_v 1728_o the_o cube_n now_o the_o half_a of_o 1728_o be_v 864_o which_o be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a foot_n then_o if_o you_o divide_v 864_o by_o 216_o you_o will_v find_v 4_o for_o the_o quotient_a so_o that_o half_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v but_o ¼_n of_o half_a a_o square_a foot_n this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v as_o 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12_o 00_o set_v 00_o 03_o 06_o sallow_a truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o man_n to_o set_v they_o 00_o 06_o 00_o key_n and_o seed_n 00_o 05_o 06_o whole_a charge_n 02_o 10_o 00_o so_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n plant_v this_o way_n will_v cost_v you_o about_o 2_o l._n 10_o s._n where_o workman_n and_o set_v may_v be_v have_v at_o such_o a_o price_n the_o spring_n after_o i_o advise_v to_o sow_v acorn_n sycamore-keye_n apple_n and_o crab-stampings_a etc._n etc._n let_v this_o sow_v be_v do_v so_o oft_o as_o you_o find_v stamping_n and_o key_n to_o be_v have_v till_o you_o find_v your_o wood_n very_o thick_a i_o do_v sow_v all_o the_o stamping_n of_o apple_n and_o crab_n at_o cashiobury_n among_o our_o young_a wood_n which_o i_o have_v set_v and_o the_o ground_n not_o produce_v a_o strong_a grass_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o come_v up_o thick_a and_o do_v well_o but_o take_v care_v you_o let_v they_o not_o lie_v too_o thick_a long_a for_o if_o you_o do_v the_o 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and_o cover_v they_o a_o little_a with_o the_o shoveling_n of_o some_o neighbour_a ditch_n in_o do_v thus_o you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o a_o good_a thrive_a wood_n in_o a_o little_a time_n though_o the_o ground_n you_o plant_v on_o be_v almost_o never_o so_o bad_a this_o i_o do_v suppose_v to_o be_v as_o good_a a_o way_n as_o most_o be_v for_o plant_v of_o wood_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o latin_a proverb_n serere_fw-la ne_fw-la dubites_fw-la doubt_v not_o to_o plant_v and_o i_o wish_v i_o can_v persuade_v nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o good_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n to_o plant_v it_o with_o wood_n especial_o in_o those_o country_n where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o i_o dare_v insure_v they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v to_o they_o or_o their_o successor_n a_o very_a great_a benefit_n and_o also_o a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o naked_a ground_n now_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v to_o give_v you_o a_o account_n what_o the_o charge_n of_o this_o may_v be_v which_o do_v i_o but_o know_v your_o ground_n and_o what_o wage_n your_o workman_n in_o such_o place_n have_v for_o one_o day_n work_n i_o can_v then_o do_v more_o exact_o but_o we_o will_v suppose_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v a_o good_a dig_v ground_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v to_o be_v dig_v and_o lay_v up_o for_o 4_o d._n the_o rod-square_a and_o our_o example_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n of_o which_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v by_o what_o be_v before_o show_v there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o half_o plough_v and_o that_o half_a plant_v first_o then_o for_o a_o good_a deep_a plough_v of_o half_a a_o acre_n of_o ground_n 4_o s._n second_o for_o half_a a_o acre_n of_o ground_n dig_v at_o 4_o d._n the_o rod_n for_o if_o 160_o rod_n make_v one_o acre_n than_o 80_o rod_n be_v half_a a_o acre_n and_o then_o 80_o groat_n for_o the_o dig_v come_v to_o 1_o l._n 6_o s._n 8_o d._n three_o if_o every_o four_o man_n must_v have_v one_o man_n to_o sy_n to_o they_o than_o there_o must_v be_v near_o one_o four_o part_n more_o for_o he_o which_o one_o fourth_z be_v 6_o s._n 8_o d._n four_o if_o we_o allow_v for_o every_o yard_n square_a in_o this_o half_a acre_n one_o good_a set_a beside_o truncheon_n of_o sallow_a and_o willow_n etc._n etc._n the_o number_n of_o yard_n in_o a_o superficial_a rod_n square_a be_v 30_o and_o ¼_n the_o number_n of_o superficial_a sq_n rod_n in_o one_o acre_n 160._o the_o number_n of_o sq_n yard_n in_o
one_o acre_n or_o 160_o rod_n 4840._o or_o if_o you_o will_v work_v this_o question_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n and_o your_o compass_n set_v one_o point_n on_o one_o extend_v to_o 5_o and_o ½_o the_o same_o will_v reach_v from_o 5_o and_o ½_o to_o 30_o and_o ¼_n second_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o 30_o and_o ¼_n the_o same_o will_v reach_v from_o 160_o to_o 4840_o thus_o you_o may_v prove_v your_o work_n by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n now_o find_v 4840_o yard_n in_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o for_o every_o yard_n one_o set_v at_o 120_o for_o 4_o d._n come_v to_o forty_o groat_n and_o forty_o over_o which_o be_v 13_o s._n 5_o d._n 1_o q._n and_o ⅓_n of_o q._n for_o forty_o groat_n be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n than_o to_o know_v what_o the_o odd_a forty_o come_v to_o the_o rule_n rank_n itself_o thus_o if_o 120_o cost_n 4_o d._n or_o 16_o q._n what_o then_o will_v 40_o cost_n so_o you_o see_v that_o these_o 40_o will_v cost_v 5_o q._n and_o 40_o over_o and_o if_o you_o divide_v this_o 120_o by_o 40_o there_o then_o will_v be_v 3_o in_o the_o quotient_a which_o show_v that_o 40_o be_v ⅓_n of_o 120_o so_o that_o 4840_o set_v at_o 120_o for_o 4_o d._n will_v cost_v thirteen_o shilling_n five_o penny_n one_o farthing_n and_o one_o three_o part_n of_o a_o farthing_n for_o truncheon_n of_o sallow_a and_o willow_n 3_o s._n and_o for_o seed_n 10_o s._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n plough_v 00_o 04_o 00_o digging_z 01_o 06_o 08_o to_o a_o man_n to_o set_v 00_o 06_o 08_o for_o set_v 00_o 13_o 06_o for_o truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o for_o key_n nut_n and_o seed_n 00_o 10_o 00_o whole_a charge_n be_v 03_o 03_o 10_o thus_o have_v i_o show_v some_o way_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o wood_n and_o also_o what_o charge_v it_o will_v cost_v you_o though_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o low_a rate_n that_o good_a dig_v ground_n can_v be_v do_v at_o and_o where_o man_n work_v for_o 10_o d._n per_fw-la day_n yet_o if_o you_o love_v plant_n and_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o bad_a ground_n to_o dig_v as_o a_o gravel_n or_o stiff_a clay_n and_o that_o your_o set_v be_v scarce_o or_o that_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o plant_v more_o in_o your_o ground_n which_o will_v be_v the_o better_a then_o if_o you_o allow_v as_o much_o more_o to_o each_o acre_n the_o charge_n may_v be_v compute_v according_o and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v great_a there_o be_v more_o way_n to_o plant_v wood_n but_o these_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o best_a or_o thus_o instead_o of_o make_v your_o holes_n round_o you_o may_v make_v they_o a_o long_a square_n and_o the_o hole_n will_v be_v the_o easy_a to_o make_v after_o this_o way_n see_v fig._n 2._o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v i_o hope_v will_v be_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o those_o that_o love_v plant_n of_o wood_n and_o be_v to_o seek_v in_o the_o way_n which_o if_o it_o be_v i_o then_o shall_v be_v well_o satisfy_v for_o my_o design_n be_v a_o general_n more_o than_o a_o particular_a good_n now_o have_v finish_v your_o wood_n take_v care_n to_o keep_v it_o well_o fence_v from_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o when_o it_o be_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n growth_n than_o fall_v it_o prune_v up_o those_o to_o a_o head_n you_o be_v mind_v to_o leave_v for_o standard_n leave_v half_a as_o many_o more_o as_o need_v to_o stand_v for_o timber-tree_n as_o oak_n ash_n elm_n beech_n etc._n etc._n fell_v the_o rest_n at_o the_o ground_n not_o flat_o off_o but_o well_o slope_v up_o and_o if_o you_o have_v poplar_n abele_n cherry_n elm_n sarvice_n etc._n etc._n they_o will_v spring_v much_o from_o the_o root_n and_o thicken_v your_o wood_n if_o not_o set_z some_z in_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o plant_v young_a hedge_n and_o how_o to_o improve_v and_o keep_v old_a hedge_n there_o be_v and_o may_v be_v make_v many_o sort_n of_o hedge_n of_o one_o particular_a sort_n of_o wood_n alone_o some_o for_o ornament_n only_o some_o for_o ornament_n and_o profit_n and_o some_o for_o ornament_n profit_n and_o a_o fence_n juniper_n i_o take_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a for_o to_o make_v a_o low_a hedge_n of_o any_o plant_n or_o tree_n we_o have_v grow_v in_o england_n for_o it_o grow_v natural_o very_o thick_a be_v a_o slow_a grower_n and_o have_v always_o a_o fine_a fresh_a green_a colour_n and_o the_o severe_a of_o our_o hard_a winter_n will_v not_o make_v it_o change_v his_o countenance_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v something_o ticklish_a to_o be_v remove_v for_o its_o being_n not_o use_v to_o stir_v far_o from_o home_n make_v it_o many_o time_n lose_v its_o way_n and_o its_o life_n too_o if_o lead_v far_o from_o its_o native_a place_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n or_o by_o a_o ignorant_a guide_n and_o put_v into_o such_o a_o habitation_n as_o be_v not_o suitable_a for_o it_o to_o live_v in_o i_o have_v with_o good_a success_n remove_v it_o above_o thirty_o mile_n namely_o from_o beyond_o cashiobury_n to_o little-hadham_a there_o i_o make_v my_o ground_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o stiff_a clay_n by_o mix_v it_o well_o with_o gravel_n and_o sand_n i_o remove_v it_o a_o little_a after_o bartholomewtide_n and_o i_o do_v not_o lose_v one_o plant_v in_o ten_o but_o they_o do_v flourish_v in_o two_o little_a hedge_n most_o gallant_o i_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o that_o most_o healthful_a aromatic_a seed_n which_o it_o bear_v nor_o of_o the_o use_n of_o this_o cedar_n but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v further_o satisfy_v see_v esquire_n evelin_n discourse_v of_o forrest-tree_n or_o any_o herbal_a i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o raise_v any_o of_o it_o of_o seed_n but_o i_o be_o now_o make_v a_o trial_n which_o if_o they_o once_o come_v to_o endure_v remove_v while_o young_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o then_o they_o will_v be_v better_a to_o remove_v when_o old_a holly_n make_v a_o most_o stately_a and_o beautiful_a hedge_n and_o have_v we_o but_o store_n of_o the_o white-berried_n holly_n to_o mix_v in_o the_o hedge_n with_o the_o red_a it_o will_v make_v it_o the_o more_o ornamental_a it_o be_v ground_n that_o it_o most_o delight_v to_o grow_v on_o be_v dry_a and_o gravelly_a see_v more_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o holly_n or_o have_v we_o but_o store_n of_o the_o strip_v to_o make_v hedge_n with_o it_o will_v be_v very_o noble_a indeed_o hornbeam_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o good_a shape_n for_o a_o high_a hedge_n and_o very_o thick_a even_o to_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v alone_o one_o of_o the_o very_o best_a homebred_a natural_a forrest-tree_n that_o shed_v the_o leaf_n to_o make_v a_o hedge_n of_o and_o be_v senceable_a unless_o against_o the_o rude_a sort_n of_o cattle_n box_n make_v a_o good_a hedge_n and_o last_a i_o mean_v the_o english_a though_o the_o other_o be_v pretty_a for_o hedge_n both_o the_o gild_a and_o the_o dwarf_n but_o these_o two_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o name_n or_o to_o discourse_v of_o among_o forrest-tree_n i_o shall_v only_o name_v they_o and_o many_o other_o sort_n and_o so_o pass_v forward_o laurel_n as_o we_o call_v it_o or_o bay-cherry_n make_v a_o good_a hedge_n and_o if_o well_o keep_v very_o fine_a standard_n hard_a winter_n do_v pierce_v it_o on_o some_o ground_n but_o on_o most_o it_o be_v durable_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o increase_v and_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o most_o ground_n keep_v it_o but_o down_o and_o it_o will_v grow_v strong_a below_o and_o thick_a and_o then_o make_v a_o very_a fine_a hedge_n arbutus_fw-la or_o strawberry-tree_n be_v a_o curious_a plant_n for_o a_o hedge_n only_o it_o be_v very_o tender_a especial_o while_o young_a for_o the_o leave_n be_v constant_a while_o life_n last_v and_o of_o a_o fair_a green_n fine_o dent_v about_o the_o edge_n and_o its_o pretty_a white_a flower_n in_o summer_n with_o its_o strawberry_n on_o the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n all_o together_o add_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o grace_n to_o this_o plant._n cypress_n will_v make_v fine_a hedge_n but_o for_o two_o fault_n for_o first_o in_o in_o some_o ground_n it_o be_v tender_a and_o will_v not_o abide_v our_o hard_a winter_n and_o second_o it_o do_v not_o love_n to_o be_v head_v for_o that_o make_v it_o still_o more_o tender_a cut_v it_o not_o late_o in_o summer_n mezereon_o or_o dwarf-bay_n both_o the_o red_a and_o white_a together_o make_v a_o pretty_a low_a hedge_n and_o show_v very_o beautiful_o early_a in_o the_o spring_n alaternus_n or_o ever_o green_a privet_fw-la make_v a_o fine_a thick_a green_a hedge_n it_o will_v be_v support_v with_o a_o frame_n especial_o while_o it_o be_v young_a pyracantha_n or_o prickly_a coral_n make_v a_o good_a thick_a
to_o the_o ditch_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o side_n for_o example_n suppose_v you_o make_v your_o ditch_n a_o yard_n at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o spade_n or_o a_o yard_n deep_a let_v it_o slope_v so_o on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n but_o let_v the_o hedge-side_n slope_v the_o most_o then_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v green-sword_n and_o stiff_a land_n with_o a_o ture_a iron_n take_v all_o the_o turf_n off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o ditch_n then_o cut_v out_o a_o triangle-piece_n all_o along_o next_o the_o bank_n turn_z hat_z upsidet_fw-la down_n for_o to_o make_v the_o slope_n of_o your_o bank_n lay_v some_o of_o the_o turf_n you_o cut_v off_o or_o all_o of_o it_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o that_o triangle-piece_n thereon_o set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a cover_v the_o root_n with_o crumb_n of_o mould_n the_o ditch_n one_o yard_n and_o the_o bank_n a_o yard_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o figure_n 3._o where_o a._n be_v the_o triangle-piece_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n b._n the_o piece_n lay_v on_o the_o bank_n with_o the_o turf_n lay_v grass-side_n downward_o and_o the_o set_a on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o piece_n then_o level_v up_o the_o bank_n till_o it_o come_v level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o piece_n b._n and_o then_o lie_v on_o such_o another_o angular_a piece_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o a_o quickset_a as_o the_o other_o then_o level_v up_o as_o before_o and_o set_v another_o angular_a piece_n with_o the_o quick_a on_o the_o top_n so_o have_v you_o three_o row_v of_o quickset_a which_o let_v stand_v about_o one_o foot_n from_o another_o in_o each_o row_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n or_o the_o bank_n be_v dry_a set_v they_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o you_o will_v you_o may_v set_v one_o row_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o three_o row_v set_v each_o against_o other_o open_a triangle_n make_v a_o excellent_a fence_n if_o set_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a see_v fig._n 3_o and_o note_v that_o the_o high_a and_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o quick_a will_v grow_v for_o this_o paradox_n be_v true_a in_o plant_v that_o the_o more_o you_o spend_v the_o more_o you_o shall_v get_v but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o light_a soil_n than_o you_o need_v not_o take_v off_o the_o turf_n from_o the_o triangle-piece_n because_o the_o turf_n will_v make_v such_o ground_n hold_v up_o the_o bank_n the_o better_a but_o than_o it_o will_v grow_v out_o at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o will_v trouble_v you_o the_o more_o to_o weed_v your_o quick_a and_o beside_o you_o will_v want_v it_o to_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o bank_n which_o will_v feed_v your_o set_v much_o and_o make_v they_o grow_v the_o better_a but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o stant-hedge_n without_o a_o ditch_n the_o usual_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v a_o trench_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a therein_o set_v two_o or_o three_o row_v of_o quick_a which_o on_o good_a land_n may_v prove_v indifferent_a well_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v bad_a or_o that_o you_o will_v make_v it_o grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o on_o any_o land_n then_o dig_v a_o place_n where_o your_o hedge_n must_v stand_v one_o yard_n wide_a and_o make_v a_o bank_n with_o earth_n one_o yard_n high_a be_v one_o yard_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o narrow_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o top_n set_z two_o row_v of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n this_o bank_n as_o be_v show_v before_o about_o plant_v the_o bank_n by_o the_o ditch_n or_o you_o may_v make_v this_o bank_n two_o foot_n wide_o below_o and_o two_o foot_n high_a set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o one_o on_o the_o top_n as_o be_v before_o direct_v and_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o set_v will_n grow_v as_o be_v before_o note_v you_o may_v if_o your_o fence_n be_v near_o to_o a_o highway_n have_v earth_n sufficient_a from_o thence_o to_o make_v this_o bank_n which_o will_v be_v a_o little_a fence_n of_o it_o self_n and_o help_v the_o growth_n of_o your_o set_v much_o or_o you_o may_v slope_v off_o your_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a by_o this_o bank_n and_o some_o ten_o foot_n off_o come_v out_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o may_v you_o furnish_v yourself_o with_o earth_n to_o make_v the_o bank_n plough_v or_o dig_v up_o that_o ground_n where_o you_o take_v off_o the_o earth_n add_v a_o little_a dung_n to_o it_o which_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o the_o spring_n with_o corn_n or_o hay-seed_n and_o your_o ground_n in_o little_a time_n will_v be_v never_o the_o worse_o especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a thus_o have_v set_v your_o hedge_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o set_v within_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o keep_v they_o weed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v two_o year_n on_o good_a or_o three_o year_n on_o indifferent_a ground_n cut_v they_o off_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o there_o be_v some_o place_n too_o thin_a there_o lay_v down_o some_o into_o the_o gap_n and_o cover_v they_o and_o the_o rest_n over_o one_o inch_n with_o mould_n leave_v the_o end_v of_o the_o the_o layer_n out_o which_o will_v draw_v root_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n let_v his_o be_v practise_v at_o all_o time_n when_o you_o make_v or_o lay_v your_o hedge_n but_o note_n if_o your_o hedge_n be_v set_v with_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n that_o you_o leave_v one_o stand_v uncut_v up_o at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n or_o at_o every_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v your_o own_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hedge_n then_o may_v you_o so_o order_v they_o by_o prune_v or_o stake_n that_o one_o may_v lean_v into_o one_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o into_o another_o etc._n etc._n prune_n up_o these_o stock_n yearly_a till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o out_o of_o cattle_n reach_v and_o then_o graft_v they_o with_o red-strake_a jennit-moyl_a or_o what_o cider_n or_o other_o fruit_n you_o please_v but_o if_o your_o stock_n be_v of_o apple-kernel_n you_o may_v let_v they_o stand_v ungraft_v and_o they_o will_v yield_v you_o very_o good_a syder-fruit_n but_o stock_n ungraft_v will_v be_v the_o long_a before_o they_o bear_v and_o also_o when_o you_o graft_v you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o your_o kind_a but_o if_o you_o find_v a_o very_a natural_a stock_n that_o be_v likely_a by_o leaf_n shoot_v and_o bud_n try_v it_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v have_v a_o new_a fine_a fruit_n if_o you_o like_v it_o not_o you_o may_v graft_v it_o when_o you_o please_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o have_v shoot_v three_o or_o four_o year_n you_o may_v lay_v for_o to_o make_v a_o fence_n of_o itself_o for_o you_o must_v mind_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cattle_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v lay_v and_o one_o or_o two_o year_n after_o and_o now_o to_o lay_v it_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o few_o rule_n which_o may_v direct_v you_o when_o you_o lay_v any_o fence-hedge_n of_o what_o sort_n of_o wood_n soever_o it_o be_v first_o at_o every_o lay_v lay_v down_o some_o old_a plash_n or_o young_a one_o if_o your_o hedge_n be_v thin_a but_o let_v they_o point_v with_o their_o end_n to_o the_o ditch-side_n of_o the_o bank_n keep_v the_o end_v low_a on_o the_o bank_n they_o will_v the_o better_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n and_o keep_v up_o the_o earth_n of_o your_o bank_n second_o at_o every_o laying_z lay_v earth_n on_o your_o bank_n to_o heighten_v it_o and_o to_o cover_v your_o layer_n all_o but_o the_o end_n which_o earth_n will_v help_v your_o quick_a much_o and_o make_v the_o fence_n the_o better_a by_o heighten_v the_o bank_n and_o deepn_v your_o ditch_n three_o do_v not_o cut_v your_o plash_n too_o much_o but_o just_a so_o much_o as_o they_o may_v well_o bend_v down_o and_o do_v not_o lay_v they_o so_o upright_o as_o some_o of_o our_o workman_n do_v but_o lay_v they_o near_o to_o a_o level_n the_o sap_n will_v break_v out_o at_o several_a place_n the_o better_a and_o not_o run_v so_o much_o to_o the_o end_n as_o it_o will_v when_o they_o lie_v much_o slope_v if_o you_o have_v wood_n to_o spare_v cut_v up_o most_o of_o those_o that_o grow_v near_o the_o ditch_n but_o hang_v the_o bank_n then_o with_o bush_n to_o keep_v the_o cattle_n from_o crop_v they_o the_o first_o year_n these_o will_v shoot_v strong_a and_o secure_v your_o hedge_n well_o keep_v up_o the_o bank_n and_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n four_o
you_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n the_o perpendicular_a of_o that_o be_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o row_v which_o triangle_n i_o have_v draw_v by_o the_o same_o scale_n of_o the_o orchard_n see_v fig._n 4._o see_v chapter_n the_o 44_o the_o the_o breadth_n of_o my_o paper_n 6_o inch_n the_o plat_v 196_o foot_n and_o 66_o of_o 100_o for_o the_o 8_o inch_n my_o scale_n be_v near_o 33_o part_n in_o one_o inch_n but_o i_o take_v 32_o because_o it_o be_v a_o even_a number_n see_v fig._n 4._o if_o you_o will_v try_v the_o perpendicular_a of_o this_o triangle_n it_o be_v but_o 19_o foot_n so_o that_o there_o be_v 3_o foot_n between_o every_o 2_o row_v save_v by_o plant_v your_o ground_n this_o way_n more_o than_o those_o that_o plant_v their_o ground_n to_o have_v every_o 4._o tree_n to_o make_v a_o square_a the_o tree_n stand_v in_o both_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n but_o find_v that_o but_o little_a paper_n bear_v the_o full_a breadth_n of_o 6_o inch_n the_o quarter_n of_o a_o sheet_n and_o this_o be_v less_o square_a by_o twelve_o foot_n than_o my_o full_a draught_n shall_v be_v this_o be_v only_o for_o the_o square_n of_o the_o tree_n i_o draw_v and_o proportion_v my_o scale_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o 5_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a 208_o foot_n divide_v by_o 5_o and_o ½_o show_v that_o your_o scale_n must_v be_v one_o inch_n divide_v into_o 37_o part_n and_o better_o but_o for_o fear_v this_o scale_n shall_v be_v too_o great_a i_o draw_v my_o plat_v by_o the_o scale_n of_o 40_o in_o one_o inch_n so_o if_o you_o divide_v 208_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o 40_o it_o give_v 5_o inch_n and_o 8_o 40_o and_o so_o broad_a must_v the_o plat_v be_v as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n thus_o may_v you_o enlarge_v your_o draught_n or_o diminish_v it_o on_o your_o paper_n as_o your_o pleasure_n be_v but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o draw_v all_o your_o draught_n as_o large_a as_o your_o paper_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o draught_n be_v 21_o foot_n 10_o inch_n asunder_o see_v fig._n 5._o by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o if_o you_o plant_v your_o tree_n triangle_n this_o acre_n of_o ground_n have_v 11_o row_v and_o 104_o tree_n but_o if_o you_o begin_v either_o side_n with_o 10_o as_o before_o i_o begin_v with_o 9_o then_o will_v there_o be_v in_o this_o ground_n 105_o tree_n but_o to_o know_v how_o many_o row_v you_o may_v have_v in_o any_o ground_n do_v thus_o and_o you_o may_v present_o satisfy_v yourself_o you_o see_v the_o ground_n from_o one_o outside_n row_v to_o the_o other_o be_v 196_o foot_n 8_o inch_n which_o divide_v by_o 19_o the_o distance_n that_o the_o row_v be_v asunder_o neglect_v the_o fraction_n as_o needless_a now_o give_v 10_o distance_n always_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v one_o rowe_n or_o in_o a_o range_v of_o tree_n one_o more_o than_o the_o distance_n in_o this_o draught_n the_o tree_n stand_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n but_o square_a see_v fig._n 6._o by_o this_o last_o draught_n it_o appear_v that_o if_o you_o set_v the_o tree_n at_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o set_v they_o square_n that_o then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o 9_o row_v and_o 90_o tree_n in_o this_o square_a acre_n of_o ground_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v they_o triangle_n then_o will_v it_o hold_v 14_o or_o 15_o tree_n more_o but_o if_o your_o plat_v of_o ground_n be_v a_o long_a square_n or_o any_o other_o irregular_a figure_n then_o will_v your_o triangle-way_n hold_v a_o great_a many_o more_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n beside_o it_o make_v many_o more_o row_v therefore_o more_o please_v to_o the_o eye_n note_v this_o well_o for_o set_v your_o tree_n exact_o have_v find_v the_o distance_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v asunder_o and_o likewise_o how_o many_o row_v with_o a_o line_n lay_v or_o stake_n true_a set_v where_o your_o first_o row_n must_v go_v the_o say_v stake_n will_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o set_v the_o tree_n by_o when_o your_o hole_n be_v make_v have_v resolve_v on_o which_o side_n you_o will_v begin_v which_o always_o let_v be_v the_o side_n you_o find_v most_o in_o sight_n set_v down_o your_o two_o corner-stake_n for_o the_o first_o and_o last_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v then_o with_o your_o assistant_n measure_v exact_o in_o your_o row_n by_o the_o line_n 21_o foot_n and_o ten_o inch_n but_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v be_v odd_a measure_n than_o proportion_n it_o as_o be_v show_v before_o by_o make_v one_o hole_n more_o or_o less_o as_o you_o see_v cause_n then_o have_v two_o man_n to_o assist_v you_o with_o a_o chain_n for_o line_n will_v reach_v or_o shrink_v measure_v exact_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o tree_n let_v one_o hold_v at_o one_o tree_n and_o one_o at_o the_o next_o in_o the_o row_n you_o stand_v at_o the_o angle_n with_o the_o chain_n equal_o stiff_a put_v down_o a_o stake_n at_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o two_o tree_n pitch_v down_o your_o stake_n perpendicular_a and_o also_o consider_v the_o thickness_n of_o your_o stake_n thence_o let_v your_o two_o man_n go_v to_o the_o next_o and_o you_o set_v down_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o the_o whole_a ground_n this_o do_v when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v your_o chain_n strain_v both_o side_n alike_o and_o to_o allow_v for_o the_o crookedness_n of_o your_o tree_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v two_o row_v plant_v than_o your_o eye_n will_v assist_v you_o well_o enough_o to_o observe_v the_o row_v as_o you_o go_v on_o note_v also_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a and_o a_o square_a than_o your_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o find_v the_o middle_a row_n and_o set_v that_o off_o square_a from_o that_o side_n of_o your_o ground_n you_o mind_v most_o or_o find_v to_o be_v straight_a there_o begin_v to_o mark_v out_o your_o hole_n and_o also_o to_o plant_v your_o tree_n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v irregular_a or_o have_v a_o angle_n on_o one_o side_n then_o begin_v on_o your_o straight_a side_n and_o run_v the_o odd_a measure_n into_o the_o angle_n as_o far_o as_o be_v convenient_a to_o plant_v in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o need_v but_o find_v what_o distance_n your_o first_o row_n must_v be_v set_v at_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n have_v both_o the_o side_n straight_o than_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o set_v the_o side-rowe_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o your_o fence_n thus_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v but_o measure_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o proportion_n one_o to_o the_o distance_n your_o tree_n be_v to_o stand_v at_o the_o other_o to_o the_o distance_n the_o row_v be_v to_o be_v asunder_o and_o you_o may_v proceed_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n after_o this_o method_n you_o may_v plant_v any_o sort_n of_o forrest_n tree_n in_o grove_n the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n before_o you_o plant_v a_o tree_n or_o make_v one_o hole_n by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v well_o perceive_v where_o a_o fault_n be_v and_o easy_o mend_v it_o in_o time_n though_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n otherwise_o but_o i_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o judgement_n and_o satisfy_v myself_o with_o experience_n and_o reason_n but_o for_o fear_v any_o thing_n shall_v be_v dubious_a to_o you_o that_o i_o have_v write_v observe_v but_o the_o set_n out_o of_o these_o two_o row_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v plain_o demonstrate_v to_o you_o how_o to_o proceed_v suppose_v the_o length_n of_o your_o ground_n shall_v be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n mark_v at_o the_o end_n thus_o see_v figure_n 7._o have_v stake_v out_o your_o first_o row_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o have_v the_o chain_n exact_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o open_n then_o bid_v one_o of_o your_o man_n take_v one_o end_v and_o the_o other_o man_n the_o other_o end_v you_o hold_v exact_o the_o middle_a bid_v one_o hold_n at_o the_o stake_n one_o the_o other_o at_o the_o stake_n two_o then_o pitch_v you_o down_o your_o stake_n right_o at_o the_o angles_n as_o the_o prick_a line_n show_v so_o let_v your_o two_o man_n remove_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_n and_o you_o from_o angle_n to_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o row_n and_o then_o let_v they_o come_v to_o that_o row_n you_o last_o set_v out_o and_o go_v on_o to_o another_o so_o proceed_v till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n thus_o much_o for_o plant_v tree_n in_o orchard_n fashion_n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a to_o
example_n suppose_v the_o altitude_n a._n b._n the_o glass_n or_o bole_n of_o water_n imagine_v to_o stand_v at_o the_o prick_n in_o the_o square_a c._n you_o stand_v at_o d._n your_o eye_n at_o e._n see_v the_o top_n a._n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o square_n your_o distance_n from_o d._n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o square_n be_v 7_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a your_o distance_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o ground_n e._n d._n 5_o foot_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o square_n to_o the_o prick_n at_o the_o foot_n or_o base_a b._n be_v 120_o foot_n see_v fig._n 11._o as_o 7.5_o be_v to_o 5_o so_o be_v 120_o to_o 80_o foot_n or_o add_v a_o cypher_n to_o the_o 600_o and_o a_o cypher_n to_o the_o 7_o foot_n and_o ½_o and_o divide_v as_o before_o thus_o may_v you_o take_v the_o height_n exact_o to_o take_v a_o altitude_n accessible_a at_o one_o station_n by_o the_o quadrant_n suppose_v a._n b._n the_o altitude_n as_o before_o take_v your_o quadrant_n and_o look_v through_o the_o sight_n thereof_o go_v near_o or_o further_o from_o the_o altitude_n till_o you_o see_v the_o top_n at_o a._n through_o your_o sight_n and_o also_o that_o your_o thread_n at_o the_o same_o time_n fall_v just_a at_o the_o same_o distance_n upon_o 45_o degree_n of_o the_o limb_n of_o the_o quadrant_n then_o measure_v the_o distance_n upon_o a_o level_a line_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o altitude_n from_o the_o place_n where_o you_o stand_v and_o if_o the_o altitude_n be_v perpendicular_a that_o distance_n be_v the_o height_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v so_o that_o you_o can_v take_v sight_n at_o that_o distance_n then_o go_v near_o the_o altitude_n till_o the_o thread_n fall_v upon_o 63_o deg_n 26_o min._n in_o the_o limb_n this_o distance_n be_v double_v and_o your_o height_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o ground_n add_v make_v the_o height_n of_o the_o altitude_n if_o the_o ground_n where_o you_o stand_v be_v level_a with_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n if_o not_o you_o must_v make_v it_o level_n or_o if_o you_o find_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o take_v your_o sight_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n than_o where_o the_o line_n or_o thread_n hang_v or_o fall_v upon_o 45_o degree_n then_o go_v to_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o last_o examp._n of_o 63_o deg_n 26_o till_o the_o thread_n hang_v upon_o 26_o deg_n 34_o min._n in_o the_o limb_n the_o distance_n be_v measure_v and_o the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n upon_o a_o level_n to_o the_o altitude_n add_v make_v double_a the_o height_n of_o the_o altitude_n these_o rule_n be_v so_o plain_a there_o need_v no_o more_o examp._n but_o the_o large_a your_o quadrant_n the_o better_a and_o note_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o level_a you_o must_v find_v the_o level_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n and_o also_o measure_v the_o distance_n upon_o a_o level_n and_o straight_o line_n always_o mind_v to_o add_v what_o be_v below_o the_o level_n of_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o distance_n measure_v when_o you_o take_v a_o altitude_n make_v use_n of_o two_o of_o these_o rule_n the_o one_o will_v confirm_v the_o other_o for_o the_o rule_n be_v all_o true_a in_o themselves_o therefore_o be_v you_o so_o in_o work_v they_o thus_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o take_v a_o altitude_n by_o the_o most_o useful_a instrument_n the_o quadrant_n i_o shall_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n and_o if_o you_o will_v be_v more_o satisfy_v in_o that_o most_o useful_a and_o pleasant_a study_n read_v these_o learned_a man_n work_n mr._n bridges_n trigonometria_fw-la britannica_fw-la mr._n gellibrans_n trigonometrie_n mr._n wing_n astronomia_fw-la britannica_fw-la his_fw-la geodatus_fw-la practicus_fw-la mr._n wingates_n use_v of_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n in_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n or_o mr._n newtons_n trigonometria_fw-la britannica_fw-la pag._n 51._o who_o rule_v i_o shall_v observe_v though_o the_o examp._n be_v my_o own_o and_o as_o before_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o angles_n and_o one_o leg_n give_v to_o find_v the_o other_o in_o the_o rectangular_a triangle_n a._n b._n c._n the_o leg_n b._n c._n be_v inquire_v the_o term_n of_o proportion_n be_v thus_o as_o the_o radius_fw-la to_o the_o leg_n give_v so_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n conterminate_v with_o the_o give_v leg_n to_o the_o leg_n inquire_v illustration_n by_o number_n as_o the_o radius_fw-la 10.0000000_o to_o the_o leg_n a._n b._n 80._o 1.9030893_o so_o be_v the_o tangent_fw-la of_o b._n a._n c._n 45_o d._n 10.0001515_o to_o the_o leg_n b._n c._n give_v 80_o 028_o 1000_o 1.9032408_o see_v fig._n 12._o you_o see_v the_o difference_n be_v not_o the_o 28_o the_o part_n of_o 1000_o and_o it_o be_v worth_a mind_v how_o it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o first_o examp._n of_o the_o quadrant_n etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v wrought_v otherwise_o thus_o as_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n opposite_a to_o the_o give_v leg_n to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n opposite_a to_o the_o leg_n inquire_v so_o the_o leg_n give_v to_o the_o leg_n inquire_v or_o thus_o as_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n opposite_a to_o the_o give_v leg_n be_v to_o the_o radius_fw-la so_o be_v the_o leg_n give_v to_o the_o leg_n inquire_v thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o any_o other_o altitude_n several_a way_n now_o if_o you_o will_v judge_v the_o worth_n of_o a_o tree_n stand_v first_o take_v the_o height_n to_o the_o very_a top_n or_o near_o it_o then_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o length_n of_o timber_n so_o far_o as_o your_o reason_n tell_v you_o you_o may_v measure_v it_o if_o it_o be_v down_o subtract_v the_o length_n of_o the_o timber_n from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o whole_a tree_n there_o then_o remain_v the_o length_n of_o the_o head_n thus_o have_v you_o the_o length_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o head_n next_o of_o all_o set_v a_o ladder_n to_o your_o tree_n and_o gird_v it_o in_o such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o convenient_a allow_v for_o the_o bark_n then_o according_a to_o the_o customary_a way_n of_o measure_v you_o may_v know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o so_o consequent_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o timber_n according_a to_o the_o price_n where_o the_o timber_n be_v stand_v the_o timber_n of_o the_o tree_n may_v thus_o easy_o and_o near_o to_o the_o quantity_n be_v guess_v at_o the_o head_n will_v be_v more_o difficult_a because_o of_o the_o different_a form_n they_o grow_v in_o and_o beside_o some_o timber-tree_n head_n much_o low_a than_o other_o so_o that_o for_o want_v of_o help_v up_o either_o by_o their_o not_o stand_v near_o other_o to_o draw_v or_o help_v one_o another_o up_o or_o for_o want_n of_o prune_v up_o while_o young_a they_o head_n low_a and_o run_v into_o great_a arm_n of_o good_a length_n of_o timber_n with_o such_o tree_n you_o must_v go_v the_o high_a into_o the_o arm_n account_v they_o with_o the_o timber_n as_o your_o reason_n will_v best_o direct_v you_o now_o then_o to_o estimate_v this_o head_n by_o rule_n i_o do_v judge_n that_o if_o all_o the_o bough_n of_o the_o head_n of_o most_o tree_n be_v in_o a_o entire_a piece_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o timber_n to_o the_o very_a top_n the_o near_a and_o i_o suppose_v exact_a figure_n of_o any_o will_v be_v a_o cone_n or_o near_o to_o a_o conical_a form_n that_o the_o head_n end_v in_o for_o we_o see_v that_o when_o a_o tree_n be_v head_v it_o break_v out_o into_o a_o great_a many_o shoot_v and_o as_o the_o tree_n grow_v high_a in_o the_o lop_n some_o of_o these_o shoot_v decay_n still_o the_o more_o endeavour_v to_o end_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o conical_a body_n and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o your_o pollard-tree_n be_v great_a than_o the_o body_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o sap_n swell_v that_o place_n endeavour_v to_o break_v out_o near_o to_o where_o it_o be_v accustom_v to_o go_v up_o the_o bough_n it_o search_v for_o a_o passage_n till_o it_o can_v contain_v itself_o no_o long_o and_o so_o swell_v the_o head_n this_o head_n common_o go_v with_o the_o bough_n and_o do_v the_o better_a help_v they_o to_o be_v allow_v this_o form_n while_o young_a so_o that_o take_v a_o tree_n head_a or_o never_o head_v it_o still_o end_n in_o this_o figure_n near_o than_o any_o other_o especial_o those_o that_o never_o be_v head_v this_o be_v then_o the_o near_a figure_n part_n of_o the_o head_n can_v be_v reduce_v into_o this_o be_v grant_v it_o be_v as_o easy_o measure_v for_o if_o you_o multiply_v the_o
but_o these_o we_o have_v here_o make_v be_v call_v ambligone_n that_o be_v a_o triangle_n which_o have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v show_v you_o most_o of_o the_o regular_a figure_n through_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v or_o in_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v i_o shall_v now_o show_v how_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v through_o a_o square_a and_o so_o proceed_v see_v fig._n 26._o you_o may_v make_v your_o walk_n according_a to_o this_o figure_n or_o you_o may_v have_v the_o walk_n break_v into_o the_o square_n in_o the_o middle_a on_o every_o side_n which_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o with_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o centre_n where_o the_o prick_n be_v thus_o see_v fig._n 27._o how_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v in_o a_o square_a may_v well_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o last_o figure_n beside_o it_o be_v common_a in_o many_o place_n to_o be_v see_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o convenient_a for_o a_o walk_n to_o end_v in_o as_o the_o aforesaid_a figure_n from_o these_o forego_n you_o may_v make_v several_a other_o according_a to_o your_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n to_o cut_v your_o coat_n according_a to_o your_o cloth_n and_o to_o proportion_v the_o figure_n your_o walk_n end_v in_o according_a to_o the_o best_a convenience_n of_o your_o ground_n let_v not_o your_o hand_n always_o for_o copy_n stay_v but_o let_v a_o active_a fancy_n lead_v your_o way_n proportion_n still_o your_o figure_n to_o your_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v triangle_n square_n or_o round_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n be_v also_o the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o lawn_n that_o be_v a_o spacious_a plane_n join_v to_o your_o house_n which_o let_v be_v in_o largeness_n according_a as_o your_o ground_n will_v permit_v as_o 100_o acre_n or_o more_o this_o lawn_n be_v most_o convenient_a to_o be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n or_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o if_o it_o be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n it_o give_v the_o more_o way_n for_o the_o west_n wind_n which_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a to_o harm_v your_o house_n by_o its_o free_a passage_n thereto_o also_o if_o your_o best_a room_n front_v your_o lawn_n as_o they_o always_o shall_v do_v the_o afternoon_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a time_n in_o which_o great_a person_n do_v solace_v themselves_o in_o these_o principal_a room_n the_o afternoon_n sun_n will_v then_o be_v offensive_a to_o such_o room_n and_o the_o prospect_n will_v both_o be_v hinder_v and_o not_o so_o pleasant_a for_o the_o sun_n by_o shine_v against_o you_o and_o from_o the_o object_n do_v by_o both_o hinder_v your_o prospect_n and_o most_o prospect_n be_v most_o pleasant_a when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o they_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o arise_v from_o your_o lawn_n be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o your_o house_n be_v consider_v i_o thence_o conclude_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n that_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o your_o lawn_n to_o be_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o there_o you_o have_v your_o room_n shady_a in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o object_n which_o you_o view_v from_o your_o house_n much_o beautify_v by_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o afternoon_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n your_o lawn_n may_v do_v very_o well_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o the_o sun_n shine_v most_o part_n of_o the_o day_n on_o that_o side_n of_o your_o house_n do_v much_o add_v to_o the_o beauty_n of_o that_o front_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o best_a front_n of_o your_o house_n therefore_o a_o large_a lawn_n on_o that_o side_n do_v much_o help_n the_o prospect_n to_o the_o house_n and_o also_o from_o it_o a_o lawn_n on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v no_o way_n convenient_a for_o that_o lay_v your_o house_n too_o open_a to_o the_o cold_a north_n wind_n etc._n etc._n wherefore_o let_v your_o north_n and_o west_n side_n be_v plant_v with_o wood_n orchard_n etc._n etc._n a_o square_n be_v no_o ill_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n thus_o where_o there_o may_v be_v three_o avenue_n break_v out_o at_o the_o three_o angle_n or_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n opposite_a to_o the_o house_n and_o if_o your_o lawn_n be_v rise_v ground_n to_o the_o house_n some_o tree_n set_v thin_a on_o the_o lawn_n will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a see_v fig._n 28._o your_o lawn_n may_v be_v bound_v with_o walk_n if_o you_o please_v which_o in_o this_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o or_o you_o may_v have_v a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n with_o set_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o they_o will_v show_v the_o shape_n of_o their_o head_n the_o better_a as_o the_o prick_n be_v on_o the_o lawn_n so_o may_v your_o tree_n stand_v but_o leave_v the_o front_n clear_a except_o the_o lawn_n be_v much_o fall_a ground_n from_o the_o house_n let_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o house_n be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o these_o two_o fig._n 28_o 29._o or_o any_o other_o yet_o let_v the_o lawn_n be_v on_o both_o side_n the_o front_n alike_o make_v a_o angle_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o front_n or_o at_o some_o court_n gate_n right_a before_o it_o and_o break_v off_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o fig._n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o house_n a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n set_v at_o 4_o rod_n distance_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o fig._n will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n see_v fig._n 29._o from_o these_o two_o you_o may_v make_v several_a but_o still_o mind_n to_o make_v such_o as_o will_v best_o fit_v your_o ground_n a_o circle_n be_v a_o good_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n only_o it_o must_v break_v off_o before_o it_o come_v against_o the_o front_n a_o triangle_n be_v also_o a_o very_a proper_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v too_o acute_a at_o the_o angle_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o front_n but_o rather_o obtuse_a or_o right_o angle_v at_o the_o angle_n next_o the_o front_n as_o in_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v some_o field_n lie_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o triangle_n lead_v up_o between_o two_o wood_n or_o large_a hedge_n and_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v a_o house_n at_o the_o angle_n this_o have_v be_v very_o pleasant_a to_o my_o fancy_n especial_o when_o it_o have_v ascend_v up_o hill_n and_o have_v have_v the_o south_n southeast_n or_o east_n aspect_n now_o if_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v ground_n convenient_a will_v but_o make_v some_o such_o lawn_n before_o their_o house_n it_o will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o seat_n they_o may_v make_v these_o lawn_n and_o clear_v the_o wood_n that_o be_v within_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o as_o it_o decay_v or_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n the_o charge_n will_v not_o be_v great_a but_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n will_v certain_o be_v great_a and_o last_a i_o do_v prefer_v your_o lime-tree_n to_o bind_v in_o your_o lawn_n because_o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o any_o soil_n have_v but_o care_n to_o plant_v it_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v beside_o the_o fine_a shape_n all_o the_o tree_n will_v natural_o grow_v in_o for_o they_o will_v seem_v as_o though_o they_o be_v cut_v provide_v they_o be_v not_o set_v too_o thick_a for_o then_o one_o hinder_v the_o shape_n of_o another_o the_o elm_n be_v a_o good_a tree_n for_o this_o purpose_n for_o it_o have_v a_o fine_a green_a leaf_n and_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_a for_o it_o it_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o great_a tree_n and_o straight_o if_o keep_v with_o prune_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v these_o tree_n you_o may_v plant_v thick_a round_o your_o lawn_n the_o beech_n in_o ground_n where_o it_o like_v make_v a_o stately_a tree_n so_o do_v the_o walnut_n chesnut_n black_a cherry_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n be_v quick_a grower_n and_o very_o pleasant_a in_o the_o spring_n when_o they_o be_v clothe_v in_o their_o white_a garment_n and_o indeed_o any_o tree_n that_o be_v not_o very_o dangerous_a to_o remove_v as_o be_v the_o stately_a oak_n and_o pines_n which_o be_v the_o very_o best_a be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o fault_n the_o fir_n and_o ewe_n be_v not_o so_o difficult_a they_o will_v do_v well_o where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n now_o where_o man_n have_v not_o the_o convenience_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n if_o they_o make_v but_o 20_o acre_n in_o a_o field_n in_o some_o good_a figure_n lead_v to_o the_o house_n it_o will_v be_v the_o more_o pleasant_a and_o the_o charge_n as_o little_a as_o to_o do_v it_o other_o way_n chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o several_a superficial_a