yonges at the next tyme foure than thre than .ij and at the last time but one and after that she bydeth euer barayn whan she hathe littered hir yonges they be dede and so byde tyll the thirde daye and than cometh the daÌ„me with hir familye and there they make so great a crye that thrugh the souÌ„de of it they become leuinge and be afrayde and the lyon fereth the mouse ¶ The Operacyon ¶ Esculapius saith he that sitteth vpoÌ„ a Lyons skynne is heled of y e pyles in the fundament he y t is enoynted with the sewet or bed of the kydney of y e noble lyon the wolues shal be of hiÌ„ right sore a dred the talowe of hym named adeps tempered w t oyle of roses with driueth the spottes in the vysage maketh it clere and shininge and heleth y t that is burned The gall of him tempered w t water maketh bright iyen and his hart is gode to beeten for y e fourth daye axces capitulo lxxxi LEopardus or the leoparde is engendred of the lyonesse and of y e beste pardus his coloure is pale redde with blacke spottys ouer al his bodye and the Female is stronger than the male of them and it is a beste felle out of mesure and somtyme it is tamed lerned to the chace and thei that lede it must be prouided of some quicke beste by them for whan he is in his hete and fayle of his enterpryse he will put his leder in gret iepardy of his lyfe wherfor they carye a quicke laÌ„me with theÌ„ to geue him in tyme of nede y t he may sucke the blode and ete the flesshe to abate his corage vpon that This beste is lyke the lyon in all the partes of his bodye but he is nat so great nor he is nat so stronge ¶ Leonthophonus ca. lxxxij LEonthophonus is a lytell beste that hathe his name of the lyon for it is to the lyon a great ennemy for whan it fortuneth to be taken and thaÌ„ brent to asshes and those asshes layde or strewed vpon a pece of flesshe layd in the way wher as the lyon shall pas yf he ete of it be it neuer so lytell than must he nedis dye And therfore Plinius nameth it the morall enemye of the lyon because that of it he must suffer dethe Nota lentrocuta is a beste asmoche as an asse and it is moche lyke a lyon saue on his backe behynde that is lyke an hert it hathe a wyde mouthe frome the one eare to thother it is meruelous swift in ronnynge thei be moche in the londe of ynde and they folowe gladly the sownde or speche of man ¶ The hare ca. lxxxiii Capitulo lxxxiij THe hare is a beste that is swift in roÌ„nynge alwaye full of feare drede exchewinge it hathe longe eares his hinder legges be loÌ„ger than his fore legges it hath bothe meÌ„bres for as now it â—s the male and as than it is the female alwayes the lippes be waggynge vp and downe ¶ The operacion ¶ Isaac saithe y e hare is drye of nature he maketh course blode but yet his flesshe is better than yoÌ„ge kyds flesshe and it is gode for them that be drye of coÌ„plextyon that do gret laboure capitulo lxxxiiij LEuithan is a dragoÌ„ that fleeth in the ayre it gothe on grouÌ„de swyÌ„meth in the water feghteth ofteÌ„ tymes agaynste the whale fisshe all the fisshes in the see that se this batayl come in continent and sitt vpon y e taile of the whale and than if the whale be ouercome of the dragon than eteth the dragons all those smale fisshes but yf he can nat ouercome him than wyl he blowe poison or venyÌ„ vpon the whale but he defendeth himselfe w t blowinge of water agayne vpon the dradragon so preserueth him all his felowes Capitulo lxxxv LAnificus is a worme y t maketh silke it is longe full of spottes and hathe many fete this worme maketh out of his woÌ„be y t the silke is spoÌ„ne of he eteth the leues of the more bery tree the which mete is chauÌ„ged in his wombe vnto the naturall wolle that the silke is spoÌ„ne of and it maketh his wolle on a lytell strigge in maner like a spyndell And whan it is full thaÌ„ne it gothe out about in a wonderfull maner and thys worme whiche was before a creping worme with many fete hathe nowe wynges for to flee And after that coÌ„meth bothe male female to geder .iij. dayes longe in the operation of loue than dyeth the he And within a wyle after y e she layeth innumerabli many eggis vpoÌ„ a fayre white or redde clothe y t is layde vnd her of them that wille haue the profite thaÌ„ dyeth she than those egges be layde away in fayre clowtes iÌ„ a warme place where as y e winter can do no scathe to theÌ„ whan the maye beginneth to ware warme than be they layde out in the warme sonne tyll they gette y e nature of the worme so gets lyfe Lymar is a worme bred of the nature of slyme is in maner as a snayle Cap. lxxxvi COuÌ„pted is the Lintworme as of the kynred of y e wolf but it hath vpoÌ„ his bake mani spottes like y e beste pardus he is so sharpe sighted that he seeth throughout a maÌ„nes body is fast soliduÌ„ And he hath a tong like a serpent but it is moche greater in suche quaÌ„tite that he casteth it about his necke hath cloueÌ„ fete w t gret clawes his pisse baketh in y e sonne and that becommeth a ryche stone Cap. lxxxvij THe haye sprynger is a beste w t .iiij. fete hauynge a greate hede they be gode to be eten and there be many aboute IherusaleÌ„ of the bignes of a conye but they haysprygers that we haue be grashoppis nat like those by Iherusalem the whyche we knowe richt well Cap. lxxxviij THe Wolfe is a gredy grypynge beeste and full of falshede and some saye that it is a wilde dogge for he is lyke a dogge he howleth but he harketh nat lyke a dogge he is very bold whoÌ„ he eteth thaÌ„ he fylleth him selfe w t so moche mete that he hathÌ„ no hunger in .iij. dayes after If any beste pisse where as he hathe pist the whyle y e his pisse be warm y e other beste shall neuer be frutefull afer and the wolfe eteth no thynge but flesshe The Operacion Ambrosiê° sayth If y e wolfe se the man first thaÌ„ taketh he frome man his voyce because he sholde nat crye as one y t were of the wolf ouercome but yf the man se the wolfe first than the wolf leseth therby his corage also is pase y t he can nat ronne Ex li. de na re If a wolues hert be dryed well kept it is sayde that it is aromatike The lyuer deyed and bâ—ayed to
of the water and bringheth it vpon y e stronde whan he is in his nest thaÌ„ loketh he in the radies or sonne beames techeth his yonges to loke vpon it also And they that canÌ„e nat loke vpon it them he putteth frome him w t great on worthines out of the nest and he kepeth alway one nest that maketh he vpon y e hyest tre y t he can finde for fear of euyll bestis serpeÌ„tis other fowles that myght do theÌ„ harme whilste they be yoÌ„ge he defendeth theÌ„ tyll they be able to defende themselfe whan y e egle a farre of seeth the serpeÌ„te than she descendeth rashly festeneth with his ta leÌ„tis teryth it a sonder and eteth it also he deuydeth the poyson a parte sleeth it and putteth him selfe in perill for his yonges In the north partyes of the world be grete Egles they lay almay ij· egges as before is sayd in y e toppe of the hyest tre y t they can fynde and fleeth ouâ— and taketh an hare or a foxe and bereth it to hys nest plucketh of alle ther here be smale peces couereth his egges therwith leueth them tyll they burst out of theyr owne nature and than y e damme coÌ„meth bredeth them vp fedeth them til theiÌ„ be able to gete theyr mete them selfe whan the egle is olde than flyeth he aboue all y e clowdes in the hete of y e sonne and there is his sight sharpened refresshed with that here fleeth he in a colde water and there he baptyseth hym selfe .iij. tymes in y t water from thens fleeth he vp to his nest by his yoÌ„ges and than he plucketh out all hys feders and his yoÌ„ges fetche him mete and fedeth hyÌ„ tyl that he be renewed and hys feders agayne growen and whan the eggle hathe brought vp her yonges that they can flee gete theyr leuynge than he dryueth them away from hym as farre as he can because they sholde nat lete him of his pray or mete The Operacion The gall of y e egle tempered w t honi heleth y e darkenes of the iyen The iyen enoynted w t the brayn or with the gal and 〈◊〉 honye gyueth to the iyen a gayne the brightnes of the â—ight AChatus is an on knowen byrde he is named to be one of y e byrdes of paradyse nat y t he cometh from paradyse but because that he is so faire for there is no colour but he hathe a parte of it singeth so swereli so louiÌ„gly that he wold meue any man to deuocyon and ioye whan he is takeÌ„ in bondage thaÌ„ it sigheth lyke a man tyl it be agayne at his fre libertie and he dwelleth gladly about the water of nilus he is fouÌ„de nowhere ellys There be also byrdes in those quarters of the quantyte of a choghe of a pale rede coloure and they be named byrdes of the paradyse also ¶ Aurifrigus is a byrde hauiÌ„ge one close fore another open w t grypinge talentys he coÌ„passeth loÌ„ge fleynge about in the ayre tyl that he se some fisshe in y e water than falleth he sodenly down vpon y e fisshe w t his open fote with the longe taleÌ„tis gripinge the fisshe ryght stroÌ„gly and with the other fote he defendeth hym from the peryll of the water swiÌ„miÌ„ge to the socoure of the clouen fote Cap. iij. AChantis is a lytel birde whan it hath yonges it hathe euer .xij. togeder it eteth y e erbes of the grouÌ„de therfore it hateth horses kyne y t bite ete his mete and this birde foloweth his ennemyes to be reuenged Isidorê° saith he dothe therto his best Cap. iiij ANcipiter is a goshawke and he is of foure maners The first is this great of body and wyll be sone tamed and hathe a lusty couÌ„tenauce w t great fete and longe talentis and it fereth nat to set agaynst no byrde The seconde is smaller hathe great iyen shorte taleÌ„tis is nat lightely tamed the fyrst seconde yere he is but lytell worth but the thirde yere he is gode dothe very well and is named AlietuÌ„ or in Englysshe a Tassell goshawke The third is named nisus or a sparow hawke is yet smaller it is swift and sone tamed made to the game The fourth is the smalest of theÌ„ is named a musket and they be al lyke The goshawke is of that property y t yf he take a birde ouer night whaÌ„ he brauÌ„cheth himselfe to rest that kepeth he in his talentis all the night on the morniÌ„g he letteth it fle agayn and thouhg he met w t thesame birde agayn himselfe hauinge gret hunger yet of all y t daye he wyl nat touche him of all y e birdes that he taketh he couyteth the harte The Operacion ¶ The goshawke soden in rose water is the best medetyne for all diseases of the iyen that therw t be enoynted Also his dounge brent to asshes mixâ—ed w t 〈◊〉 hony is gode for the same Esculapius saith the sewet or greâ—e of this tempered w t oyle wtdriueth the darkenes of the iyen Cap. v. ARiophilon is a noble birde and it is gretter than an Egle bothe stronge and swyft in flighte with pale red feders and a longe tayle a croked nebbe and great legges he is moste parte of the tyme in the bryghtnes of the ayre and it is very selden sene on the erthe and he fleeth so hye that no man can se hym and he geteth his mete in the ayre a birde that he meteth in in the ayre escapeth nat lyghtely his clawes and whan this birde is yonge somtyme he is takeÌ„ and tamed to the game as an hawke This bird taketh kyddes and fawnes of hertes and tereth them a sonder with his clawes comonly they flee two togeder what they gete they parte it betwene them gentilly for it is gentyll of kynde Capitulo .vi. ALauda the larke is a lytel birde w t euery man well be knowen through his songe in y e somer yt begyÌ„neth to singe in the dawning of y e day geuynge knowlege to the people of y e cominge of the daye and in fayre weder he reioyseth sore but whaÌ„ it is rayne weder than it singeth selden he singeth nat sittinge on the grownde nouther but whan he assendith vpwarde he syngeth mereli in the descending it falleth to the grownde lyke a stone The Operacion The larkes flesshe hardeneth the beli and the brothe of hym that he was so den in slaketh the beli Agochiles is a great byrde in y e orient partyes and they mylke y e gotes fore they flee gladly be the grouÌ„d wher y e gotes go a grasynge they haue bro de billes and therwyth they sucke the demes of the gotes and aft that they geue no more mylke this byrde layeth .ij. or .iij. eggis and Pliniê° sayth y t the
¶ Prologus IN the name of ower sauiour criste Iesu maker redemour of al maÌ„kynd I LaureÌ„s aÌ„drewe of y e towne of Calis haue translated for IohnÌ„es does bo rowe booke prenter in the cite of And warpe this pÌ„sent volume deuyded in thre partes whiche was neuer before in no maternall langage prentyd tyl now The naturall maister Aristotell saith that euery body be the course of nature is enclyned to here se all that refressheth quickeneth the spretys of man wherfor I haue thus in this boke folowiÌ„ge written the nature of many bestys on erthe fowles in the ayre fysshes in the water whiche be wonderfull and maruelous to be herde of and how these forsaid be natured and fourmed whiche be figured at euery chapter ¶ And first of all I wyll speke of man because he is moste worthyest to be spoken of for he is created made like vnto the similitude of almighty god and than of all thinges that is created of almighty god to the behoue of mankynde wherby he shold be sustayned preserued of the whiche he shall answere for at the dredfull daye of iugemeÌ„t before our redemour the right wis Iuge of all such thiÌ„ges as he hath mysused that god of his infenyte grace hathe made hym lorde of cÌ„ Ca. Primo of the nature of man THe creatour that hathe created all thinge of nought our sauiour maister cryste that is lorde almighty hathe made vpon the .vi. day our fore fader Adam in the felde of damascâ— of of red erthe there he gaue vnto him bothe lyfe â—owle where thrugh he is becom man figured lyke vnto the symylitude of almyghty god and than made hym lorde of all erthly thinges and gaue hym grace thrugh his glorious godhede shaped in hym suche wyt sapience that there was neuer erthly man that had the coÌ„ninge that he had And than dyd Adam geue vnto euery thynge that is vnder heuen his perfyte name Whan this was done than dyd he set Adam in Paradys terrester there caused him to slepe out of his syde he toke a rybbe ther of he made Eua. Also god hath made y e planetes and sterres of the fyer the wyndes fowles of y e ayre y e fysshes of the water and man of erthe wherfore whan man beholdeth y e thynges made of the water than shall he fynde hymselfe very symple but whaÌ„ne he beholdeth y t that is made of the ayre thaÌ„ shall he fynde hymselfe moche more sympler yett whan he beholdith y t that god hath made of the fyre thaÌ„ is the most symplest of al and man shall nat lyke hymselfe to heueÌ„ly thynges noâ— accept hymself better thaÌ„ an erthly thynge for that he fyndeth and the bestis also and this is to be vnderstaÌ„d of y e bodi of man which body was first named Adam whaÌ„ne that our lorde 〈…〉 â—ous godhed he gaue vnto hym incontynent a coÌ„uenyent and perfyte rule lawe whiche he sholde holde kepe and this it was That he in all thoughtes wordes and workes neuer sholde thinke or wisshe of any other worse in no maner of wyse than he wolde that of hym sholde fortune Than sholde he kepe the way of rightwisnes and egalite Whan he had receyued this commandement of the heuenly kynge he stode vp naked before the hye Lorde of myght sainge thus O my lorde my god that hathe with thy heuenly handes made me a naturall bodye of vyle erthe and knet in methe humanite of fleshly nature with bones senewes to go on the grownde wherfore I beseche the lorde remeÌ„ber that thou haste made me geue me that lyfe grace that thou hast ordayned me to ¶ This our fader Adam was y e comlyest fayrest and best made that euer was on grownde of al the meÌ„bres of his body And our lorde hath shed in hyÌ„ so gret abundance of graces that no man is to hym comparable fore he was illumyned with all the seuen sciences ¶ He had also knowlege of all maner of erbis their properties and vertues of trees of metalles of stones byrdes bestys fysshes serpentis of all other thinges on erthe and the fadere of heuen commaunded alle theese forna med to be of the worlde brought before hym to thente that he sholde knowe them and geue them their names whiche they kepe euer shall whylest y e worlde endureth ¶ ClaraÌ„ preteres 〈…〉 xpÌ„i incarnationeÌ„ et passioneÌ„ solus asse qui coÌ„meruit vt in supplemeÌ„to supplementi ¶ Herfor was Adam made lorde and gouernour of the worlde and all thingines therin pertayning sholde to him be obedient Thus was Adam infenyt and not of the condicyon of nature but of the benefites of grace For the infenytnes coÌ„meth out of the tree of lyfe and the body sholde neuer haue dyed yf it had nat synned whan man had synned than was he roued from the tre of lyfe Yet nat withstandiÌ„ge the body is made of the foure elemeÌ„tis as before it is specifyed in that body be ij.c.xlij bones great and small ¶ Of the makinge of maÌ„nes 〈…〉 â–ª THe Man is Lorde and ender of all thiÌ„ges here on erthe and is also the moste perfitest and full made thinge of all leuynge creatures that euer god created as the scripture testefieth criste blewe lyfe into hym and of a rybbe he made him an helpe to the entente whan they come roged through full power that he them gaue that they sholde engender ExempluÌ„ whan he saide Cresite waxe and multiply through thencreasinge of y e sede And thus he hathe created man woman because they sholde bringe forth of their sede which sede is named sperma and is a profitable parte of y e fode coÌ„mynge after the first disiestyon and that sperma is apoynted to frutefull vessell is to the entent that our humanite sholde contynewe the lenger and nat ende But he that soweth tomoche of this sede that is to vnderstande they that occupy tomoche with womeÌ„ they wex sone feble of lyÌ„mes and dye within shorte space Wherfore Galienus saith he that is gelded may lyue a loÌ„ge season and men that haue but lytell conuersacyon with womeÌ„ may lyue longer than women for they be hoter of nature ¶ Here after foloweth the. teâ— ages of mankynde lykened be y e ten dyuers bestis as here is expresly shewed and how the nâ—ture of mankynde dothe chauÌ„ge from ten yere dethe coÌ„meâ— tyme of â—eth hiÌ„ as a gose y t iâ—to lucke y e freÌ„des 〈◊〉 it he in erthe is 〈…〉 SaÌ„ctus Augustinê° ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ vpon thesame that before is specifyed of the makyng of man in his moders wombe AVgustinus saith of the making of maÌ„nes body whan that sperâ—a is receyued in the dewe place of yeâ—oders body than is that sede formed â—efome or mylke in y e first .vi. daeys 〈◊〉 in thre dayes folowiÌ„ge it maketh â—reparacyn of the lyfe in forme of lyâ—pympels or
they be ynough in the drawynge out of the potte that y t droppeth of the longues heâ—eth the terâ—ian payne in the kydnees ¶ Haly saith the gall of the wether is gode for the paynes in the ere 's that coÌ„meth of colde ¶ Of the bore ca. iiij THe Bore is an angry and an on tame beste is very curst whan he companyeth with the sowe for the wylde bores whan they accoÌ„pany theÌ„ with theyr females than be they euer redy for to fight and they make their skinnes harde for they roÌ„ne to rubbe theyÌ„ against the trees and than to lay in foule dirt and myre the which they late drye on them that maketh their skinnes very harde and bothe the bores be moche lyke of coÌ„dicions whan they mete comonly they wyll feght yf they be in coÌ„pany of theyr females so longe tyl that the one or bothe of them be slayne and the wylde bore is comoÌ„ly blake and he stiketh with his longe croked tethe as harde and sharpe as it were yron And if the bore be huâ—ted on the morninge or he haue pissed thaÌ„ is he lightely wery but if he haue pyssed or he be huÌ„ted or whyle he is on huÌ„tinge than wyll he nat lightely be ta ken Also thoughe he be wery he wyll nat lightely yelde hym but setteth hyÌ„ on his hinder loynes to defende him agaynst the huÌ„ter but he shal nat come be the hunter to hurte hym nor to byte hym tyll he be first wounded himselfe of the hunter and without the hunter geue hym a dethes wounde without doubt he wyll put the hunter in ieoê‘dye of his lyfe except he be nigh to a tre that he may clyÌ„me vpon for his socour The bore hereth better on the right syde than any beste The Operacion ¶ Plinius saith the bores blode braines also is gode for the bits of y e serpentes the lyuer dryed mengyd with rewe dronke with wyne that is gode for the nivenemiÌ„ge of serpeÌ„tis His brain with the blode of his coddes is gode to be layd to carbuÌ„cle sore in the liuer of the sowe be lytell smale stones that be gode to be brayde asonder donke for the grauell the stone ete the lightes of the bore it shall put from y e al dron benes his gall meÌ„gyd with rosen ceruse heleth the crepinge sores or byles the asshes of his iawes heleth all crepinge sores His bladder with pisse al hanged in y e smoke dryed that putt in mete so taken heleth y e stone in the bladder taketh away the totoÌ„minge payne also a lytell of the bladder or vryne mengyd in drinke is very medecynable for the dropecy his dirte tempered in warme wyne is gode for the flixe his yarde soupleth warmeth purifietythe liÌ„mes that be stifened of colde or werynes the dirte that is warme and fresshe is very medecinable to staunche the blode at the nose ¶ Of the asse ca. v. THe asse is a rude dull beste of lytel understaÌ„ding onclne slouthfull he hathe a crosse vpon his backe there is he wekest but on his hinder partes he is stronge he hathe a great hede and longe eares he loueth thistellis better than any other mete but he hath a lothly crye and thoug he haue gone a waye oftentymes yet he caÌ„nat fynde it agayn nor he wyll nat exchewe the way for nothinge that meteth hym and he engendreth with his female whan he is .xxx. moneths olde She bereth her yonges a hole yere the asse is colde of nature and he can abyde no colde Therfore be nat the Asses cast in no colde londes or contrees The asse is very sone afrayde and he hathe no gall and he eteth grasse and other erbes of the grouÌ„de and the more water that he driÌ„keth the better fode hathe he of his mete the aâ—the oftentymes a disease named 〈◊〉 moche ordour roÌ„neth out of his 〈◊〉 it fell on his lightes he shold dye of it ¶ The Operacyon ¶ Auicenna saith the Asse hathe grete vertue for they that sitte in the water that the asse is soden in it heleth them of lepry the crampe or drye shroÌ„ked senewes the flessh is gode for theÌ„ to be eten the leuer rosted etyn in the mornynge fastinge is gode for the puleÌ„tis his flesshe liâ—er or houe breÌ„t to asshes men gyd with oyle is gode for the disease named scrofulas the vryne of the asse is gode for y e payne in the kydnes Galienus saithe the vryne of a wylde asse is gode for the stone in the coddes and it helpeth also meruelously well the ronnynge or crepynge sore The mylke of an asse is gode for the drying coghe and also for theim that spette or spewe blode the mylte of an asse brayed with clene water and layde vnto a womans brest draweth the mylke vnto it outwardes the mylke of an asse dothe swage the great styffe belyes also mylke of a asse taken in the mouthe of one that hathe weke goÌ„mes and tethe dothe strengthen them very wel the lyuer of a tame asse eten is gode for the epulentis whiche is the falling sekenes the dounge of the asse is very medecinable to staunche the blode at the vaynes or of any other woundes the water of the donge dropped in the nose thrilles stauÌ„cheth the blode there ¶ Plinius saith that if a rynge be made of the houe or of the bone of y e asses legge where as no blacke is on that p◠〈◊〉 on the finger of one that hath thâ—â—ge sekenes they shall be preserued and nat fall Make a smoke of longues of an asse in a house though there were neuer so many serpentis adders or snakes or other venymous crepinge bestes they sholde flee as fast as they coude from that place ¶ Of the Achame ca. vi AChame is a beste as grete as an hert and contrary the nature of all other bestes he hathe his gall in his eare and it is a cursed angry beste ¶ Alches is a beste that is in the forest of Hircinia and is very moche lyke a gote but it is somwhat bygger and it hathe croked iagged hornes and they haue no ioyntes in theyr legges as other bestes haue and whan the huÌ„ters wyll haue that beste they folowe him be the fote stepe to knowe where he resteth be night for he standeth and slepeth agaynst a tre and they lowse the tre be the rote and so dygge it vp or ellis they sawe it a sonder for he slepeth fast and leneth sore againste the trees wherwith he is oftentymes deceyued and falleth to the grounde and so they take hym or ellis they sholde neuer take him for he is to dangerous to come by and he is to swyft in coÌ„nynge but whan he is downe he can nat ryle ¶ Of the anabula ca. vij ANabula is a beste in Ethiope it hath a necke lyke a man fete lyke a horse legged lyke an
A bull lyueth xv· yere and a oxce .xx. yere ¶ Isaac sayth that an oxce flessh is the dryest flesshe amonge all other his blode is nat holsom to be eten for it wyll nat lightly disieste â–ª therfore it fedeth sore it maketh euyll huÌ„oures bredeth melaÌ„coly they melancolicus that eat moche suche metes be like to suffer many diseases as to gete an harde mylte the febris quartayn the dropcy mangines lepry cÌ„ Oê‘atio ¶ The gal of an oxe with Nitro Ethimolea meÌ„gyd togeder therwith the hede wasshed destroyeth the wormes in y e here Diascorides saith y e mylke of the kowe heleth the fresshe wouÌ„des in the mouthe The donge or dirt of y e oxe is gode to be layde vpon the stinge of a bee or waspe The sepiuÌ„ of an oxe w t gose grese pith of Ochimi heleth the cliftes in the lyps or on the mouth the mary of an oxe right legge before brayed mengyd with his blode destoryeth the euyl here 's on the browes we lyddes The gall of an oxe with y e stale of a gote or bucke heleth them y t here euyll Powder of the oxe anclow breÌ„t and rubbed on the tethe maketh theÌ„ fast that sholde fall out with payn The mylt of the oxe medled with hony is good for the mylt Nota the mylke of a kowe is good for an impostumed mawe the mangye or scabbed haÌ„des shal be heled with fresshe oxe blode for that dryeth lightely the next daye it must be wasshed af with lye The oxe gall iÌ„ a maÌ„nes eare with a silken cloth heleth the pypynge rynginge in the eare The oxe downge or dyrte layde vpon a rude impostume or byle causeth it to breke Oxe downge brent to asshes that blowen in the nose stauÌ„cheth the blode Also thesame asshes teÌ„pered with butt made plasterwyse and so layde to the behâ— excedith many other medecynes for the dropsy The lyuer of the oxe breÌ„t to powder that dronken wtale bier or wyne is gode for the flixe or flode of the blode The oxe bones breÌ„t to asshes that rubbed vpon the tethe that be weyke maketh them to stande fast ¶ Of the bombex ca. xv BOmbex is a worme that spyÌ„nes sylke the first substance that sylke coÌ„meth of it is fed with the leues of mourbery trees whan it hath begon to worke than wyll it ete nomore it taketh so great plesure in working And it maketh yelow woll or silke the which becoÌ„meth whyte with wasshiÌ„g thaÌ„ne it taketh what colour so euer a man wyl whan this worme hath all wrought than resteth hym that must be kept all the wynter tyll that the wedder be warme agayne thaÌ„ne must they be holden betwene some bodyes handes or nygh their bodyes in their bosomes tyll that the nature of those sedes chaungeth ¶ The operacyon ¶ The sylke brent to asshes strewed vpon a fowle roten wouÌ„de is very medecynable Also the same sylke brent with salt is gode to rubbe foule tethe ¶ Of borax ca. xvi BOrax is a maner of a tode that hathe a stone in his hede whan this stone is goten out the whyle that the tode dothe lyue than hathe the stone in hymselfe a fygure of an iye but if it be taken out whan the tode is ded than hathe the venym taken awaye that iye and enpayred the stone This tode whan that it is stered or meued thaÌ„ne swelleth it of his owne venym or poyson And they feght against the spyders and the tode is ouercomen of the spyder because the spider stingeth hym alway and that he can nat gete the spyder he swâ—lleth for anger that he bursteth and the byt of this tode is so venymous that it is nat lightely to be holpen or cured and with rewe thei be slayn they may nat se the brightnes of the sonÌ„e be night they couyte to be in the fote wayes or pathes and where the people trede also thei may nat smell the blossom of y e vynes somtyme they be a cubyte of leÌ„gth of these be many in spayne ¶ Of the tode ca. xvij THe tode is a poyson worme or â—myn is be kowen of euery man and of a fowle worme it is one of the moste coldest and it hathe his harte in his throte therfor it can nat lightly be kylled except it be thrust in the throte And some saye that they be bred of the fowle humours of therthe y e tode hath a poyson pestilent syght and defynge and he eteth erthe be mesure weght forasmoche as the tode may take in .i of his fore fete that is his mete all that day the tode fereth that the erth shall fayle hym therfore ouer night he taketh his pawe or fore full because y t he sholde nat mysse to haue erth ynough for to ete the next daye Sotyme they feght w t spyders and other serpentis if he be bitten of any other venymoê° serpeÌ„tis than eteth he an erbe named plaÌ„tago or plantayn and therwith he helith him selfe he eteth gladly sage but the roote of it is his dethe A tode stone found in the hede of the tode and borne about a naturall creature subdueth many venymes and poysons A tode brent to asshes and those asshes abydinge vpon the grounde of those asshes engendereth very many yong and quicke â—obes ¶ Of the buffell ca. xxviij A Bufell is a beste moche lyke an oxe but he is greter hyer than an oxe hathe blacke here and croked hornes a longe necke a grete hede lenelyÌ„mes with a smalle tayle huÌ„ble to loke on but whan he is made angry than dothe he grete scathe he is very profitable vnto man and dothe gret laboure and he wyll nat be ledde without a rynge thrugh his nose and strynges tyed to the same to lede hym with and so ye shall haue hym where ye lyst Also the Buffell wyll haue no gretter charge or burdeÌ„ than he may well bere for yf he be ouerladeÌ„ he wyl fall to the grounde for betiÌ„ges or strokes he wyll nat ryse tyll that he be on loden or discharged The operacion ¶ Plinius saith the blode of a Buffell wyll nat be thycke ¶ Haly saith the vryne of the Buffell mengyd with myrre or oyle is medecinable for the defnes that coÌ„meth of coldenes The dirt or donge of the buffell layde vpon a wouÌ„de swageth the swellynge and it is gode to be layde vpon the payne of sciatica named the goute from the lyppes dounwarde ¶ Also a plaster made therof soupleth pourgeth the harde moder ¶ Of the zubro Cap. xix ZVbro is of the maner of a wylde bull is very stronge of xv cubytes of length he is very swyft as it apereth be him for the dounge that he purgeth from behynde he receiueth it agayn vpon his hornes and with his dounge he blyndeth the houndes that chace him and maketh them so wery and
it is in Ethyope he is vnderstaÌ„ded moche lyke a dogge lyke a dogge may be lerned to all maner of games ¶ Of the beste calopus ca. xxxiij CAlapus is a beste moch hauÌ„ting about the water of Eufrates because of the coldnes of that water that it therof may drinke alwaye whan it is thursty it is bolde and also swyfte in roÌ„nynge that the huÌ„ters can nat take him with no houÌ„des it hath longe hornes carued lyke a sawe wherwith it striketh great trees downe to y e grouÌ„de than coÌ„meth he amoÌ„ge the tough grene busshes thinketh to stryke theÌ„ also with his hornes to the grounde but therin he is warred so that he can nouther out nor in but bydeth therin haÌ„ginge whan he feleth that he can nat out for very pure anger he gryndeth his tethe togeder w t so grete force that he is herde very farre of and thei that here him come take hym there or ellis they sholde nat take him lightely for no maner of wayes ¶ Of the herte ca. xxxiiij THe hert is a beste right swyft in roÌ„ninge it hathe longe sharpe tyned hornes his hornes growe from .ij yere to vi but than there growe no more tyndes on his hornes but they wexe bygger and fall out in his hede he hath a worme that vexeth hiÌ„ dayly The hert reioyseth in pypiÌ„ge and synginge and foloweth gladly the noyse therof the whiche oftentimes costeth him his lyfe he fereth sore the songe of the frogge and whaÌ„ne she wyll cast her faune she seketh a very secrete place for drede of the hunters ¶ Nota the hert feghteth gladly ayenst them that folowe or chace him but if he be ouer come he mekeneth hym lowly to his persecutour and it leueth longe ¶ The Operacion ¶ Phisiologus sayth the teares of the hert and the bones in his hart meÌ„gyd togeder and put in drinke is gode for the harte betinge In the left side of the hert is a bone that is somwhat holow and it is palered and it hathe power to purifye the fume of melancoly it is gode also for the dasinge in the hede he that is clothed in an hertis skynne fereth no serpeÌ„t the vryne of the hert is gode to be dronke for the paynes in the mylte and it is gode for the winde in the stomacke and it is gode for dyuers paynes in the eares ¶ AuiceÌ„na the vttermoste parte of y e hertis tayle is venim and they that ete it or take it in drinke gete a dasynge in their hede and so die The asshes of the hertis horne tempered with vyneger easeth the payne in the hede if it be layde therto those asshes be gode also to be rubbed on tethe y t be weke for it maketh them fast and eseth the payne to the same is scraped hertis horne gode specyally the right horne and therfore the hert hydeth it as nigh as he can in som priue corner as Plinius testefieth ¶ Of the beste zelio ca. xxxv ZElio is a beste as grete as a wolfe and it is mortall enemy bothe to man and beste for it woroweth al that it coÌ„meth by it foloweth bothe man and beste be the sounde of their voyce it barketh lyke a dogge wherwith it deceiueth many one and it ouercommeth all maner of dogges and it commeth of the beste Hyena and the Ape and it abydeth gladly in places wheras people be buryed And it eteth the cadauers or wormes ¶ Of the serpent cecula ca. xxxvi CEcula is a lytell blynde serpent and Celydros is a serpent y t abydeth in watery grouÌ„de gothe alway vpright for 〈◊〉 bowed it sholde 〈◊〉 and Chenchris is a suche lyke serpent that may nother bowe nor turne but goeth alway streght forthe ¶ Of the serpent Cerastes ca. xxxvij CErastes is a serpeÌ„t that vij hor nes on his hede of the whiche hornes in tymes past was wont to be made haftes of knyues belonginge to emperours tables for their grete vertue for whan there came any venym to y e table than the kniues heftes dyd swet of the venym was knowlege this serpent geteth his mete be subtyll menes for he layeth in the sande as yf he were dede and hydeth so moste parte of all his body the fowles and bestes that se hym weneth that he be dede thynke to eat of him so he taketh theÌ„ that is his mete and agaynst his bit is gode to be dronke in wine the sede of Raphani ¶ Of the cephos ca. xxxviij CEphos is a wonderfull monster in the londe of Ethyope the whiche hathe fete before lyke the very haÌ„des of a man he hath theÌ„ behiÌ„de lyke the fete of a man this monster hathe bene sene in the palays of Pompeyus at Rome it is heded mouthed lyke a blode houÌ„de ¶ Centrocota is a beste bodyed lyke an asse brested legged lyke a lyon it hathe a wyde gapynge mouthe from the one ere to the other it foloweth man be the voyce ¶ Of the Cirogrillus ca. xxxix IT is a beste full of bristellis pynnes lyke an vrchen facyoned lyke a swyne nothinge bolde but it wyl geue a dedly bitte ¶ Of the Cicade ca. xl That is a worme of the erth som dwell in howses iÌ„ warme places and desyre the hytte of the fyre some flye in the felde they sucke the dewe of the grasse and they singe wel thei make their holes in the grouÌ„de wher as thei haue yoÌ„ges There be Cicades that grow only of the cockes speâ—yll or moystnes those be many in Ytalye ¶ Of Cicotrocea ca. xli IT is a beste that foloweth gladly the voice of man it closeth neuer his iyen some say that they be engeÌ„dred of a wolfe and a dogge ¶ Of Critecus ca. xlij A Meruelous beste is critecus the whiche dwelleth in the erth is of diuers and many maner of colours on the hede and he hath a redde backe and a whyte bely and his here may nat be pâ—uâ—ked out for the skynne wolde go withall it is coloured moche lyke a cony it hath none eares but it hathe eare holes and it is curst byteth paryllously sore Of the Adder Cap. xliij THe Adder layeth gladly in y e sonne beames and it crepeth somtyme thrugh a very strayte hole and so strepith his skyn of and reneweth hyÌ„ It is as loÌ„ge as an ele it glydeth on y e grownde it geueth venymous blastes and trobeleth them that come in his waye styngeth them venemously it flyeth frome the herte kylleth the lyon The skyne that it strepyth of dressed in a decoctioÌ„ with oyle is very good in y e eares as testefyeth phisiolê° Of the Cocodrillus Cap. xliiij COcodrillus is a best w t .iiij. fete lyueth both in water on londe and it is .xxiiij. cubitus of length and it hath an harde skynne great tethe lyke a sawe and
it hath great clawes by nycht is it in y e water and by daye is it on erthe and it hathe eggis gretter than a gose vpon y e grownde and the male female kepeth it eche his tyme there is no beste made of so smale substance y t becometh so great and it is very gluttysshe and whaÌ„ it is full it goeth to the border of the water and there it layeth down and thaÌ„ cometh a byrde named y e wreÌ„ne and flyckereth so longe aboute his mouthe y t he geteth in than this lytell byrde scratcheth hym iÌ„ his throte y t it easeth hym so moche y t he falleth therwith in slepe and whan this byrde parceyueth y t this beste is in slepe it decendeth in to the bely byteth it so sharply thrugh as yf it were shot thorow w t an arow for his bely is in maner as softe as slyme and therefore he is so hurte in the water of y e fysshes that haue harde fyÌ„nes and whan it fyndeth a man it killeth hym and than it cryeth whan it beholdeth y e man but yet it eteth hym as Plinius sayth ¶ This cocodrillus eteth gladly an herbe w t brode leuys where as a lytell serpent is hidden in whiche is his mortall ennemy this lytell eâ—pent dothe wentell tourne hym selfe in slymye grownde to begyle cocodrillus coÌ„meth to hym slepereth throughe betwene his tethe so desceÌ„deth down in to his bely tereth a sonder all cocodryllus entrayles his bely also this serpent hath so harde askiÌ„ne y t it is nat well possible to cutte it a sonder w t a sworde ¶ Plinius sayth That y e donge of cocodryllus is moche sett by where as he hanteth of olde women in y t contrey for they make an oyntmeÌ„t therof to anoynt their face therwith for thaÌ„ they seme to be yonge lusty wenches as longe as that oyntment is fresshe Of the Coney Cap. xlv THe coney is a lytel beste dwellynge in an hole of the erthe thore as he vseth he encreaseth very moche and ther fore he is profitable for man for he casteth oftentymes in the yere ¶ The Operacion Ysaac sayth That conys flesshe hathÌ„ properli y e vertue to strengen y e mawe and to dissolue the bely and it cassethÌ„ moche vryne â–ª ¶ Of the DaÌ„ma Cap. xlvi DAmma is a beste lyke 〈…〉 hath longe sharpe streight and smothe hornes it is very swyfte iÌ„ roÌ„ninge the flesshe of it is colde drye in the operacioÌ„ there be many of theÌ„ in Arabia The Operacion ¶ Albertus sayth that y e douÌ„ge of this beste teÌ„pered w t olye cawseth here for to growe yf a man ennoynt his yarde w t it or he haue adoe w t his wyse she shall loue hym euer after Of the Damula cap. xlvij DAmula is a wilde gote is very weke can nat helpe hyÌ„ withe no strengh but only w t swyft roÌ„ning it fleeth sore from y e sight of man it is gladly amonge y e moÌ„tayns whan it is hurte w t an arowe thaÌ„ it eteth an herbe named tragoÌ„teon therwith y e arouwe falleth than out The Operacion Plinius sayth The blode of this gote sowpleth leÌ„gtheneth y e shreynked senewes the serpentis ronne awaye frome this beste exchewe the brethe of it because it with driueth venime Of the Dragon cap xlviij THe DragoÌ„ is y e grettest of all ser pentes bestes as Ysidorê° sayth in Inde in Ethyope be many he groweth tyll he be .xxvi. cubites of leÌ„gthe more whaÌ„ he is come to his ful age or strength thaÌ„ lyueth he longe w t out mete but whaÌ„ he beginneth to ete he is nat lightely suffysed Augusti y e dragon dwelleth in depe caues of the grounde and whan he feleth any reyne coÌ„mynge out of the ayre than commeth he out of his caue or deÌ„ne fleethe in to the ayre betheâ— iÌ„ the ayre in suche wyse that it semeth to be a gret tempest in y e ayre his wyÌ„ges be of a great quaÌ„tyte accordynge to his body they be facyoned lyke y e winges of a backe y e flyeth in the twy lyght where as y e dragon abideth there is y e ayre darke full of venymous corrupcion The Operacion Solinus sayth y t the stone that is na med DracoÌ„cias is cut out of y e dragoÌ„s hede but and he be dede or the stone be cut out than it is nothynge worthe for than it leseth his vertue but they that wille haue y e stone ordayne herâ—es 〈◊〉 hym to eat y t he sholde slepe to th◠〈◊〉 that he sholde betaken that they sholde so iÌ„ his slepe cut the stone out of his hede the wiche is very precyous for y e kinges of Oriente bere them in great honoure ¶ The dragons flesshe is grene cold in y e operacion coleth them sore y t eteth of it therfore they of Ethiope eat moche dragons flesshe The dragons hede promiseth to make a house fortunable The tonge of the dragon his galle therof made decoccioÌ„ in wine and therwith man or womans body enoynted is good for y e encoÌ„brynge of the fayre and suche lyke Of the Draconcopedes cap. xlviij DRaconcopeâ—es be mighty great serpentis y t haue vysages fayre and bryght lyke maydens or gentyll women and some holdeÌ„ that they be of those serpeÌ„tis or suche lyke as Eua was begyled w t of the deuyll for Beda sayth that y e serpent hath a maydenly visage therfore the deuyll shewed vnâ— suche a fayre visage to th entent that he the soner sholde begile her and come to his purpose the body of this serpent was couered w t the leues and smale braÌ„ches of the tre this serpeÌ„t was very wyse or subtyle but y t come nat of hym selfe for the deuyll was in it he spake thrugh that serpent lyke as BalaaÌ„s asse spake thrugh y e angel Of the Gray cap. l. THe Gray is a fatt beste w t a brode backe and short leggis they be shorter on the lefte syde than on the righte syde and thei byteth very sore is of the mocâ—nes of the fox is slowe in ronninge to gete his mete Of the Dypsa Cap. li. DIpsa is a maner of a serpeÌ„t and it is very lytell but it stingeth man whan it hath so done incoÌ„tineÌ„t it is enflambed w t so great hete thurste that it must nedys drinke so it roÌ„neth to the water thÌ„ere it drinketh tyll it breste asonder and it is aboute a spanne of lengthe Of the Oromeda cap. lij ORomeda is a maner of a smale camell is very swyfte in roÌ„nyÌ„ge in goiÌ„ge for it hath bene proued y t it roÌ„neth an hondred myle vpoÌ„ a day ¶ Damula is a nother wilde beste is also in roÌ„ninge very swyft it is lyke an hynde it is nat lyghtely
cocodryllus before named slepiÌ„ge ther it doth wentylle turne hym selfe in slypery myre than it slippeth betwene the teth of cocodrillus so descendeth in to the bely of cocodrillus there terith it a sonder all y e intrayls guttes of his bely so sleeth it y e cocodrillus ¶ Enitra is a lytell beste of theÌ„ be many iÌ„ germania they make grete holes in y e erth they gathre in the somer that y t they lyue by in y e winter the female is alway fatte the male lene for she is euer etynge he is so gredy so sparinge y t he thyÌ„keth that he shall neuer haue ynoughe also he hydeth from his female al his mete as moch as he can because she shold nat eat of it but she is wilye y t she maketh a hole comyÌ„ge from another waye to stele his mete priuily that he dothe nate knowe of it so desceyueth him eteth his mete and that is y e cause that he is so lene Cirogrillus cap. lviij CIrogrillus erinatius is all one it is a lytelle beste lyke a pigge his skynne is rownde aboute full of sharpe pinnes saue only onder his bely that no man may come nygh hym it is moche lyke an vrchen but whaÌ„ it is layde in luke warme water than it is so glad that it stretcheth hym selfe a brode ¶ Ermyne is a lytell best lyke mustela in the wyÌ„ter on all the partyes of his body he is withe saue only on y e back and it eteth flesshe and parsecuteth the myse very sore Of Edus cap. lix Of Edus Cap. lix EDus is a lytel gote whan it is yonge it is fatt his fleesshe is of good sauour in y e wanyÌ„ge of y e mone is goode geldynge of theÌ„ lyke y e calues The Operacion Plinius sayth That y e fresshe warme blode of this gote tempred with vineger is goode for them that spet blode The luÌ„ges of hym eten kepeth a man from dronkenesse Emorois Cap. lx Emorois is a serpent that sweteth blode he that of hym is bittyn or stynged bledeth hymselfe to dethe Echele Cap. lxi EChele is a lytell worme som name it iÌ„ englisshe a leche it is in water moche it sucketh gladly y e blode of man beste it bydeth cleuynge vnto y e place y t it sucketh tyl it be ful than it falleth of but what tyme of the day y t it be the blode â—â—aÌ„cheth nat light â—ely tyll the sonne be sette whaÌ„ it hath sucked ¶ A caterpiller is a worme of dyuers colours it hath many fete it is of halfe fynger length or more or lasse they brede of stynkyÌ„ge mystes vpoÌ„ y e trees destroy y e trees frutes therof some take y e asshes of a fygge tre y t hath bene burned strewe it vpoÌ„ those erbes or trees and therwith destroye them ¶ Falena ca. lxij FAlena is a beste that hathe naturally Pryde in man or woman and wyll vpon that quarell feght to y e dethe if he wynÌ„e man and ouercom him thaÌ„ tereth he him asonder for his pryde ¶ Fiber is moche in the londe of Ponte and is a beste lyke the beuer but it is somwhat lasse and his stones may nat be of but he must dye and it hathe thesame power that the beuer hathe and whan this beste byteth any body it letteth nat go his holde tyl it here the bone cracke a sonder ¶ The Antes or pismers ca. lxiij ANtees or pismers be very lytell wormes and they be very wyse they make their holes in the grounde ande bere the erth out and they make a narowe entre into their hole make grete prouision to leue vpon all y e yere after the ante deuideth euery corne or or grayn that he geteth in thre partis that he caryeth into his hole because it sholde nat shote and waxe grene in his hole or deÌ„ne these antes cary eche other out of their holes whan they be dede and bury them ¶ The grete myris ca. lxiiij THe grete Myris as it is saide be in Ethyope and they be in quantite as gret mastifes and they be foted lyke a lyon and they cast the golde out of the golden sande and 〈…〉 nobody dare come by it In ynde be myris as gret as oxen and they be very dauÌ„gerous to come by and they be also be the golden mynes they haue four fete with croked clawes and they wyll tere any man a sâ—nder but they do nat byte or hurt other bestes lightely and for to mynisshe the synÌ„ne of couetyse there be so many of them to kepe this gold that no man can comâ— be it but IohnÌ„ mandeuyll testfieth that these antes or myris may nat abyde the here of the sonÌ„e therfor wha◠〈◊〉 fele the here thei ronÌ„e to their caues or dennes and in the mene tyme cometh men sittinge on dromodaris and cary asmoche of this golde awaye by stelth as they may but they be in great ieoê‘dye Also they gete this golde be poliâ—ye as thirs They kepe a mare with hir yonge fole very hoÌ„gry and lay on her two dossers weâ— festened vnto her body dryue her out towarde y e place where as this golde is but the fole bydeth at home tyll they wyll haue the mare home agayne And these antes haue a propertye that they may se no emptye holes wherfore whan they se these emptye baskettes vpon the maris backe they fyll it full of pure golde for they purifye it very well and whaÌ„ the owner of the mare dothe thynke that it is tyme than he taketh the fole and bringeth it out and incoÌ„tinent it beginâ— to ney crye after the daÌ„me and whan she hereth her yonge she coÌ„meth home as fast as she can and in suche maner they gete the golde Capitulo lxv A Furet is a beste longe and small and it is almoste all whyte of colour and it bryngeth the conys out of their holes whan it fyndeth them ¶ Nota Furo is a beste that hathe many fete and it seketh and fyndeth many conys in their holes and killeth theÌ„ and so eteth them be stelth capitulo lxvi GAla is a lytell beste very bolde and it feghteth agaiÌ„st diuers serpeÌ„tis and eteth gladly myse the serpent that it feghteth with eteth gladly myse also whan it hathe ouercomen the serpent than it eteth it â— by by it eteteh rewe the whiche is contrarye to all maner of serpentis ¶ A genet is somwhat bigger than a foxe it is coloured betwene a redde and a blacke and it is meke and huÌ„ble and it seketh his mete be the ryeurs syde capitulo lxvij GAmeleon is a beste with ij wynges foure fete hauinge an hede lyke an adder a longe wronge tayle lyke a dragon and bereth gere on his backe lyke woll the clohhe that therof is made can nat
any man it is so hote that he must dye ¶ Monocheron y t is a vnicorne for it hath but one horne standinge in his forhede it is so sharp y t what so euer it touchet w t his horn it tereth it a sonder or rōneth it thrugh it is a beste w t iiij fete feringe nothere yron nor stele it feghteth oftentymes agaynst y e oliphant thursteth hym in y e beli w t his sharpe horne so ouercōmeth hym Of the Rutela cap. C.xxvij THe Rutela is lyke a spiner cat 〈…〉 maners some be rede and rdwnce some be wythe w t rownde belyes some be roughe and hery some be blacke some be lyke waspis and some be called Egipciaca and theyr bytinge is very venymous and therof cōmeth great payne in the hede and causeth the parsone so stynged to be very slepye and than commeth the dethe The bath and tyna wtdryueth y e paynes of y e stygne for whan the place stygned is wet w t tina than the payne wtdraweth whā it is taken of than the payne dothe cōme agayne therfore it must be alway bathed Cap. C.xxviij AVenymous beste is Rubetum and is of the maner of a Frogge This Rubetum is very medecinable for many thynges but he casteth his vertu from him whan he wil taketh it agayne whan he wyll but alwaye it kepeth his venym by him cap. .xxix. SAlamādra is a venymous beste 〈…〉 a hoge mired with the face of an ape it lyueth in the fyre it quēcheth the flambe and it bereth a maner of woll lyke a dōne colour wherof diuers thinges be wouē y t neuer can be brent but whā they be fowle than they be cast in the fyre to be clensed this beste is lene and it hathe but lytell blode The operacion ¶ The flesshe of y e see snayle and of the froge helpeth agaynste the venym of the salamandra Cap. c.xxx LIke an adder there is a serpent and it is named Suara whan it is olde it waxeth blynde and than it ronneth against a walle towards the east lokinge vpon the vprysing of the sōne and therby it geteth sight again Stello is also a maner of an adder the whiche hathe a dedly venym and it is false subtile it hateth mā sore it hath a longe tayle and a smale hede Cap. c.xxxi SAlpiga is a serpent that is selden sene the same is named also Scitalis and is of many diuers coloures vpon his backe and is very fatte it is so hote of nature that in the wynt he casteth his skȳne of ¶ Seps is a lytel serpent is so full of venȳ that he poysoneth nat only the flesshe of man but also the bone The man that of him is stinged consumeth melteth to dethe through the great poyson cap. c.xxxij 〈…〉 Dypsa as before is specified ¶ Spuēs is a serpēt that with his spewynge or spetyll sleeth them that it falleth on this serpēt is about .ij. cubites of lengthe it styngeth a man to deth or it le ue of ¶ Syraus be serpent is in Arabye with wynges and they ronne faster than an horse some saye that they flye also who so of theym is bittē or stȳged dieth or he fele any payne Cap. c.xxxiij SCorpio is a beste semynge hūble hauinge a meke regarde or loke but in his tayle he hathe a venimous styngue therwith dothe gret harme vnto man whāne he regardeth hym leste it lyueth of y e erth in may august it layeth eggys or a substāce lyke eggis but they be wormes y e moder wille somtyme ete thē but they hange behinde her on her leggis fete so saue them selfe ¶ A black hoge y t is strickē of this worme must nedys dye o ne of another coloure may escape but nat alway ¶ The operacion The fastinge spetyll of man kylleth y e scorpion so dothe the erbe raphana the water of it bothe yf it be layd vpō hym though of a mā were stynged of him and that he ate raphana y e stȳ 〈…〉 ca. c.xxxiiij ACnbite longe is y t serpent Seta it is a white bothe endes be a lyke thicke at hede and tayle it crepeth withe bothe the endes this serpēt is engendred of a veymous wat who drīketh of this wat shall become mad raue so ende his lyse w t payn Sardina is nat rekened amonge the serpētis ◠but Solisuga sardis crepeth in the grasse wher it lihgtneth vpon there it bringeth a sekenes Cap. c.xxxv SPoliator colubri is a worme with agoldē colour though it be smal weke yet it can ouercom a snake for whan it seeth the snake lay in y e sonne than it crepeth vp at the tayle so to y e hed but than he claweth him softly be the hede or he be ware he festneth so harde in his hede that y e snake with al his might can nat shake him of this worme sleeth him than eteth his fyll of him This worme is lyke vnto the sterre for it shyneth moste be night it cōmeth neuer forthe but whan it is a great rayne abydynge fayre wedder this worme quencheth the fyre lyke a plate afyce and yf a mannes body be touched or meued with y e donge of this beste or worme all the here of his body shall fall out Cap. c..xxxvi Talpa y e moll is a litell blake blind beste that cōmeth of the erth it hathe a soft skȳne y t is hery it liueth of the wormes in the groūde but whā it suffreth grete hunger than it eteth erthe The Operacion ¶ A moll brent to asshes that tempe◠〈…〉 the face helpeth the leprye his blode enoyted vpon a place wher as the here is fallen out causeth it to growe again the asshes of it strewed vpō a fistule cōsumeth all the filthy ordour therof Cap. c.xxxvij A Bull is a stronge beste humble companable amonge other bestes he feghteth sore with the hornes because he is strōge of all the partis of his body therfore he is sett to y e ploghe for to labour like an horse The Operacion The horne of y e bull with dryueth y e serpentes so dothe y e blode and clenseth the spotes in the face ¶ the gall w t honi and baume is good for the iyen ¶ the sepum with rosen waxe soupleth all hardnes of byles suche like his dōge aswageth all swellinges ¶ y e gall w t the stynkinge burgall menged to ged heleth bothe wounde and marke Cap. c.xxxviij TArandus is a best as grat as an oxe hath a hede lyke an hert w t braunched hornes the skinne of hys backe is so hard that some men make breste plates of it it hathe the coloure of all maner of flores of the trees and erbes there as he haūteth or hydeth hī selfe therfore he can nate
lightely be fownden of the place that he is in Cap. c.xxxix IT is a gray taxus as befor hath ben spoken of his left legges be shorter than his right therfore he can nat reÌ„ne swiftli except he be in a foroughe his her is hard coloured bothe 〈…〉 and he standeth vpright vpon his hinder fete and defendeth hymselfe w t his tethe and forfete agaynst y e howndes and y e foxe begyleth hiÌ„ also for whaÌ„ he hath made his hole and is ones out of the way the fore commeth and layeth his donge in y e entre of his hole whaÌ„ the gray coÌ„meth agayn he may nat abyde y e stenche than he leueth his hole the foxe bydeth in possescyon Operacion The sewer or grese is very medecina ble for the paynes in y e kidney and as y e mone groweth so groweth his fatte as the mone groweth more lasse so is he fatte lene accordinge to y e seson of y e mone The brayne as Esculapius sayth teÌ„pered with oyle and therwith enoyted heleth man of many paynes ¶ y e coddis dresse with hony quickeneth man to naturell lust Cap. c.xl. A Bâ—e is tragelaphus lyke 〈◊〉 hert it hath a berd lyke a gote they be by y e wat phesin ¶ Trogodita is a beste y t hath longe croked horne coÌ„minge ouer his face or mouth y e whiche lettethe hym of his mete but whaÌ„ he wyll ete than he setteth hys necke awry and so eteth with grete payne Cap. c.lxi A Wode worm is tere do that is nothinge stronge nor grete engeÌ„dred of corrupcion of the ayre it is betwene the barke the tree ther it do the oftentymes grete scathe specialli whan the wode is hewen in on sesonable tyme or that the tre where plaÌ„ted at a full mone Ca. c.xlij THe Motte bredethe amonge clothes tyll that they haue byten it a sonder it is a maniable worm and yet it hydeth him in y e clothe that it can scantly be sene it bredethe gladly in clothes that haue ben iÌ„ an euyll ayre or in a rayn or myst so layde vp with out hanging in the sonne or other swete ayre after The Operacyon The erbes that be bitter well smelliÌ„ge is good to be layde amoÌ„ge suche clothes as the baye lenis cypres wode Cap. c.xliij TIrus is a serpeÌ„t be the cite â—rico and persecuteth sore the fowles and their egges and eteth them of this serpeÌ„t is made gode tryacle for all maner of venymes som saye that before the passion of our sauiour criste this serpent had no vertue but whan our sauyour was crucifyed as it fortuned there laye one be the way nat far frome the crosse so one toke it vp and cast it at the crosse and there it abode hangynge on the one syde of our lorde euer syns all those serpeÌ„tis Tygris haue had the fornamed vertu against all maner of other poysones But yet agaynst his owne poyson he dothe no remedy at all Cap. c.xliiij TIgris is a very meruelous cursey beste and it hathe many spottes and it is meruelous swift and full of rauynge and whan his yonges be taken frome him than he foloweth y e hunter but his yonges be taken from him euery yere comonly Cap. c.xlv. A Maner of serpent is Tortuca y t hath no venym of all the tyme y t he lyueth but after his dethe as Ambrosiê° sayth If any man trede on his kidney w t his bare fete he sholde there by be empoysoned it is .ij. fote longe it hath a hede lyke a tode a tayle lyke a scorpion .ij. herde sheliys on his body so that it ran nat lightely be slayne with harde strokis it layth egges like an heÌ„ne but they may nat be eten these that be spoken of be in y e water but there be on the erth some also that hath no venym they be eten of man ¶ TaraÌ„te is a smale serpent who so he stiÌ„geth shall haue great payne and excepte triacle hym he must dye in the payne Cap. c.xlvi. VIpera is a serpent that hathe a smothe brode hede a litell smale necke a short tayle they betakeÌ„ of them that make medecines towardes the ende of maye In y e winter 〈◊〉 he Vipera out of his hele or denne rubbeth his iyen agaynste a fenell stâ—ke therwith she geteth bright iyen The vryne of a man spylt vpon the bitte or stiÌ„gne of vipera is very medecinable The Operacion Diascorides saith The fatte of vipera tempered with cedrâ—aâ— meâ— anto and with olde â—â—ye a lyke moche in weght helpeth the darke sight of man Plinius Vipera is good for all maner of serpeÌ„tis bittes and his skinne that he putteth of dressed in the wyne heleth the payne of the teth and y e iyen and his greâ—e taketh away the darkenesse of the iyen Cap. c.xlvij VRus is a wilde bulle and he is so stronge thate he thrusteth greet trees to y e grouÌ„de and will bere an armed man away vpon his hornes and they be moche in the montaynes ¶ Heliuandus saith that in the great wylde forestis of Germania be suche bulles and thei be somwhat lesse than an oliphant and they be very stronge and swifte in roÌ„nynge and spare nouther man nor beste and they that wyll haue theym make great pittes in the grouÌ„d and couer them with thin gere whan they go ouer these pittes they fall in theÌ„ than the huÌ„ters sle them ca. c.xlviij VRsus the bere is a fell beste his body is of euyll shape they lay al the winter still hidden than he layth still sucking of his fote wherof he waxeth so wonders fatt that he can nat almost go and the beres take eche other in their armes or leges like men and women slepe all the first fortnight ¶ The operacion ¶ Ysaac saith the beris flesshe is lymy euyll to be etyn but it is gode for me deeynes the fattest is best his grece doth cause here to growe ca. c. xlxix VNcia is an angry beste lyke a dogge but loÌ„ger bodied is to hiÌ„ his mete y t he â—eteth he 〈…〉 on a 〈◊〉 it â—haÌ„geth it on a bâ—auÌ„the so eteth it if man fortune of them to be bitten whan they roÌ„ne assaute thaÌ„ com many myse about him pisse on it than at y e last he must dye Capitulo c.l. VVlpis y e foxe is a fals wily beste hathe moche here with a grete tayle some say that he neuer maketh his hole hiÌ„selfe but possessith the holes of the graye as before is specified in y e forty chapt The huÌ„ters desyre more the skynne than flesshe The Operacion ¶ The foxe soden in oyle olyue that occopyed for the knottes comen of the goute and if he be soden in water thaÌ„ it withdryueth y e paynes in y e ioyÌ„tes capitulo c.li THe
in the daye he taketh one fore his repast ¶ Gosturdus is a lytell gray birde and hathe a lytelle crowne of hys owne feders on his hede they flye nat lyke other birdes but by coÌ„pulsion of the wynde some saye that they laye theyr egges in y e grownde and y e tode hatcheth theÌ„ y e daÌ„me bredeth theÌ„ vp Cap. lix· THe Crane is a great byrde and whan they flye they be a greate many of them to gyder in ordre and amonge theÌ„ they chose a kynge the whiche they obey whan the crane sleepth than standeth he vpon one fote w t his hede vnder his winges ther is one y t kepeth the wache w t his hede vpryght to wardes y e ayre whaÌ„ they ete thaÌ„ the kynge kepeth the wache fore them and than the cranes ete wtout sorowe ¶ Aristotiâ—es sayth y t aboue Egipt in farre loÌ„des come the cranes in the wiÌ„ter and there the fight w t the pygmeis as before is shewed in y e .c. .xvi. chapt The Operacion Rasi The flesshe of him is grosse nat good to distest it maketh melaÌ„colius blode ¶ The crane that is kille in somer shal be hanged vp one daye and in winter season .ij. dayes or it be eten and than it is the more disiestious Cap. lx GLutis is a birde y t whaÌ„ he flyeth he puttet out his tonge â— whan the wint coÌ„meth he companieth gladly w t the storke and the swalowe flyeth with them away but he may nat labour as they do therfore he bydethe behynde somtyme the wint is often ouerpast a great while or they can comeÌ„ ouer but whaÌ„ they retourne they come in feloship of the crane agayne Cap. lxi HArpia is a great byrde y t neuer hath eten ynoughe fore he is neuer satysfyed· this byrde is ofteÌ„times tamed is taught to speke bodely spe che This byrd dwelleth in the wildernessys by y e Pontike mere or see and he hath croked clawes for to tere asonder all that he fyndeth and he hathe a face lyke a man but he is nat of the nature lyke a man for agayÌ„st man he is very fell for yf he fynd man he sleeth hym and than he gothe to the watere for to drinke and there he seeth that he hath dystroyed his owne similitude than he morneth so very sore that ofteÌ„ tymes he morneth vnto the deth and wepeth as longe as he lyueth Cap. lxij HIrundo the swalowe is a birde y t is very light w t a clouen tayl a lytell byll it geueth warnynge of the day springe wakeneth the slepers to serue god In the wynter they flee to y e mountaynes of Apricy there they be founde naked without any feders Some swalowes ther be that haue in their leuer a stone named celidonium they be knowen hereby that in a token of peas they set their yonges in y e neste byl to byl for the other that haue no stone sitte with their tayles to eche other contrarye the other Cap. lxiij THe birde named herodiê° is very great peasible he taketh y e egle it is a noble bird his colour is whyt saue his brest wiÌ„ges he is so prowd of harte that whan he fleeth for his game with v. cranes or other byrdes a lytell a lytell he bringeth them all to the grounde one after another ther be dogges taughte to the game y t take them vp in continent killeth them Cap. lxiiij IBis is a birde that is aboute the wat of Nilus but he gothe nat in y e water but he walketh vp down to se yf the water wyll cast vp any body or roten corps for hym to ete of they haue croked bylles he is a greate eÌ„nemye to all serpeÌ„tis for Iosephus saith whan he sholde feght agayÌ„st y e morys they way was so full of serpentis that they coulde nat passe thaÌ„ brought moyses many of thesame birdes w t hym for to distroye those serpeÌ„tis This byrde layeth his eggis out of her mouthe and who so eteth of them he muste nedys dye Capitulo lxv Iâ—os is a gret stronge birde in orient is gret enemye vnto y e horse hathe bothe the voyce crye lyke the horse but it is a ferful crye to here and they dryue the horses awaye w t theyr crye out of the pasture for they ete suche mete as the horses dothe Cap. lxvi ISpida is an yse birde it is fayre fleeth by the water for to take the fisshes other wormes The operacion Some saye y t whan this birdes skyÌ„ne is nayled agaynst a walle yet it reneweth feders euery yere The sorsers saye that yf this birde be sette vpon a tresoure for to kepe it and it shall multiplye and nat mynisshe Capitulo lxvij RIches is a birde that chaungeth euery day his voyce and singes euery daye a newe songe and he bredeth vpon trees and whan the ancor nes be rype than they engender get mete ynough and whan the yonges be grete and stronge for to flee Than do they brynge mete to theyr daÌ„mes their syres because they sholde nat laboure Nota. â—okis is a birde that whan he dyeth many other birdes make for hym great heuynes Cap. lxviij RInniê° is a byrde that geteth his mete lyke the egle or goshawke it bringeth forth many yonges and fedeth them diligently And nat only her yonges but also the yonges of the egle that she casteth out of her nest Karbolus is a slouthfull birde y t dothe nat brede out her yoÌ„ges nor fedeth theÌ„ nouther but fleeth to the stocke doues nest and breketh all the egges that she fyndeth and than she layth her egges ther and the stocke doue bredeth them forthe and bringeth them vp Capitulo lxix LAgus is a water byrd and is coÌ„trary to the dobchike the which is also a water byrd of nature and he fleeth frome the tempest of the water and this birde lagus reioyseth hym of the tempestyous weder Cap. lxx LAagepus is a birde that hathe iÌ„ maner fete lyke an hare they haue moche feders yet they can nat well flye And therfore he dwelleth in holes of the erth and goeth out and in to fetche his mete But he wyll neuer be tamed but dye for anger whaÌ„ne he is taken Capitulo lxxi LInachos is a birde that hathe a sharpe sight and whan his yonges can nat yet flee than he seteth theÌ„ with their iyen towardes the sonne they that can nat loke in the sonÌ„e with out wateringe of their iyen theym he kylleth the other he bringeth vp He leueth of other birdes in the water therfore whan they se him they dyue vnder y e water at their risiinge he sleeth them Cap. lxxij MAgnales be great birdes in Orient w t greet fete and nebbe and they do no scathe vnto man but they take fisshes in y e water that they ete Cap. lxxiij MErula
is a birde y t is blacke in euery part of his body but iÌ„ Achaya they be withe whan thys byrde is seke than he purgeth hyÌ„ self w t laurell leues he singeth a maruelous songe y e tame birdes doth ete flessh agayÌ„st his nature she singeth swetely badeth her selfe very gladly and pyketh her self w t her byll Cap. lxxiiij THe dokchicke swyÌ„meth in y e wat persecuteth the fissh he driueth vnder y e wat but it can nat abyd loÌ„ge vnd for it must fetche brethe thei haue theyr fete very nere y e tayle they go vpright w t their hede in y e wind and whaÌ„ they flee from y e water that beto keneth great storme they be fatter iÌ„ the winter than in the somer Cap. lxxv MErops is a birde that maketh a hole in the erthe lyke an ouen of vij fotes of heghte there she bredeth her yonges whan she hath brought vp her yonges that they be able to helpe theÌ„ selfe well y t they become aged thaÌ„ these yonges fede they re elders to theyr lyues ende And this is done to our ensample that we sholde honoure fader and moder Cap. lxxvi MElancorosus is a litel birde that bryngeth furthe many yonges fore it layeth well .xx. egges bredeth them out bringeth theÌ„ vp and whan they flee they folow the daÌ„me and she leueth nat tyll they can helpe theÌ„selfe ¶ Morfex is a great water birde and it hath a gret bill chagged lyke a sawe he maketh his nest vpon a tree lowe be the water syde he eteth gladly fisshe specially elys and thys byrde is very gredy where he latteth his dong fall vpon a tre it waxeth drye baren Cap. lxxvij MEnnonides be byrdes in Egipt be the watere of Nylus they fle vnto the graue of y e phylozophe na med MeÌ„non whan they haue gone and fleen .ij. dayes aboute that graue than they feght a great batell among them selfe byte and teare eche other sore whan thys is done they retourne agayne vnto Egypt ¶ Meauca is a birde soÌ„what grett thaÌ„ a ducke it hath a shorte necke shorte fete they be very desyrous vnto stynkynge ca ryen and to the corses of dede people specially that be casted vp with y e water and be glad of stormye wedere because they as than sholde thrugh y e teÌ„ pestyous wed y e soner gete theyr pray of them that sholde be drowned yet they ete small byrdes Cap. lxxviij THe Kyte is a grypynge birde alwayes he choseth tam byrdes as kockes heÌ„nes chekens he is byl led foted clawed lyke the goshawk he is hardy vpoÌ„ smale byrdes for the sparowe hawke chaseth hym beteth hyÌ„ though he be iij. time bigger it layth eggys and sytteth them out by the styÌ„kinge caryon they be sene most in y e somer and whan thys byrde is moste strongest than it is moste fayntharted and ferfull for it eteth than flyes and wormes of the grownde and stynkynge caryon by the strete Cap. lxxix MOnedula is a choghe and it is a blacke birde that is eÌ„nemye to the owle and the flesshe of thys byrde maketh his hede to yche that eteth of it for this byrdes hede is gladly scrat ched Muscicapa is a byrde somwhat greter than a doue and is bylled and foted lyke a swalowe and it gapeth al way wyde for to gete gnattys or flyes for ther by it leueth Cap. lxxx MVsca is a flye and is engeÌ„dred of fylth and onclenes they be moche in onclene places they stinge sucke blode Isidorê° sayth The flyes bees that be dede and drowned in water wtin an houre after they sholde be quitke agayn yf they were layde in y e sonne Plinius sayth The flyes dye that come in the place y t is wasshed w t water wher as eldorne hathe be soden in Cap. lxxxi VVltur is a gripinge birde and it smelleth carien very farre and all smale bestes y t it can gripe it tereth them asonder eteth theÌ„ he byldeth on hye trees because he sholde se farre he eÌ„uyeth y t his yoÌ„ges shold be fatte therfor he geueth them no mete but his leuingis and he hurteth theÌ„ out of theyr nest or they can flee and than coÌ„meth another birde and fedeth theÌ„ w t his yonges they be euer .ij. togedere they take a great rome The Operacion The leuer of it brayde droncke w t blode is good for the fallinge sekenesse Diascorides sayth A woman that were fumed w t the douÌ„ge of this bird sholde be quit of her secuÌ„dina after y e birth Cap. lxxxij NIsus is a sparow hawke it is a gentyll byrde is federed like a goshawke whan his felowe sitteth vpoÌ„ their egges than hath he a place where he plucketh hys byrdes that he taketh they be clene whaÌ„ he bereth it to the neste geueth it his felowe sittinge on the egges and he is so prowd that he will flee alone to y e game none other w t hiÌ„ but whaÌ„ he hath taken his game or mete he will well depart with it Cap. lxxxiij· THe nightraueÌ„ hateth the daye seketh his mete by night and he hath a croked byll croked sharpe talentes he dwelleth gladly in y e for falleÌ„ walles of howses he fedes hys yoÌ„ges well â— he reioyceth in y e speche of man he loueth the night because he can nat loke in the sonne The flessh is good for theÌ„ y t haue the roÌ„ninge goute The brayne of hym dressed in wyne or mete is good for the hedeache Cap. lxxxiiij NEpa is a byrde w t a longe byll he putteth his byll in y e erthe for to seke the worms in the grouÌ„de and they put their bylles in y e erthe somtyme so depe y t they can nat gete it vp a gayne thaÌ„ they scratche theyr billes out agayn w t theyr fete This birde resteth betimes at nyght and they be erly abrode on the morninge they ha ue swete flesshe to be eten Cap. lxxxv THis birde Onocroculê° gadereth moche mete than buryeth it in the grownde whan he hath honger he fetchet it out agayne for to ete he hathe a longe sharpe bylle is lyke a swaÌ„ne but he is bigger it is a byrde out of orieÌ„t whaÌ„ he will crye than he putteth his byll in the water therw t geueth he a great sownde he hathe a crop in his throte where as hys mete resteth an houre or it desceÌ„de iÌ„ his bely Cap. lxxxvi OPimachus is a birde w t .iiij. fete his hinder fete be longere than his fore fete whan he is on the grouÌ„de he hoppeth after his mete or praye he is gret eÌ„nemye vnto the serpeÌ„tes Cap. lxxxviij Osyna is a gret byrd lyke a swaÌ„ne he bydeth aboute ryuers vyuers because of the fisshe he hath a longe byll and he hath
and eteth that vp and the Pellicane is of white colour and euer it is lene Cap. xcvi PEerdix is a byrde very wylye the cockes feght oftentymes for the heÌ„nes and these byrdes flye of no heght and they put theyr hedes in the erthe they thinke y t they thaÌ„ be well hyâ—eÌ„ for whaÌ„ she seeth nobody she thinketh y t nobody seeth here she bredeth out other ê‘triches egges for whaÌ„ she hath lost her eges thaÌ„ she steleth other egges bredeth theÌ„ whaÌ„ they be hatched y t they can go on the grouÌ„de than this daÌ„me setteth theÌ„ out of y e nest but whan they be a brode here the wyse of theyr owne daÌ„mes incoÌ„tinent they leue theyr daÌ„me y t brought theÌ„ vp go to their owne natural daÌ„me thaÌ„ she y t brought theÌ„ vp hath lost her labour The Operacion The flesshe of a ê‘triche is â—ost holsomest of all wylde fowles y e brest vppermoste parte of y e bodie is the swetest hathe the best sauoure but y e hinder parte is nat so swete The gal w t marys milke is good for the sight of thyeÌ„ Haly The lyuer dryed robbed to pouder thaÌ„ droÌ„ken is good for y e falliÌ„ge sekenesse Pliniê° The brothe y t he hath be sodeÌ„ in is good fore y e sekenesse regio named seint cornelis sekenesse Cap. xcvij. PIca is a Pye the whiche byrde is subtyle and false and he hath a brode toÌ„ge therfor he lerneth lightly to speke he maketh his nest with .ij. holes the one he crepeth in at and the other his tayle hangeth oute at and he festeneth it withinforth wyth lome and claye and so maketh it very close and without it is stronge of wode The Operacion The flesshe of this byrde is good to be eten for to gete the sight of the iyen ¶ It is lately fortuned of a trouthe y t thei fought a batayle agaynst the ia yes in suche maner y t ther were many pyes slayne but yet they woÌ„ne y e feld and threwe to y e grownde thirty thousand iayes Cap. xcviij PIcus is a speght is a birde that heweth w t his bill grete holes in a tre he fedeth hys yonges there in y t hol of the tree And yf any body stroke in a great nayle or pine of wode ouer twharte the hole to lett hiÌ„ that he shold nat come to his yonges than dothe he fetche an herbe and layeth it to y e pyÌ„ne and as sone as it hathe touched the piÌ„ne than it fleeth out by and by and he coÌ„meth to his yonges at his will how strongly so euer it be made before Cap. xcix PIrales be great flyes with .iiij. fete w t wyÌ„ges they flee into y e middes of y e fyre and they burne theÌ„ nat for the fyre doth theÌ„ no harme for as longe as they be in the fyre they leue and wtin a shorte whyle after thate they be out of the fyre they dye Cap. C THe Popingay is bred in India is of a grene colour w t a rede ryÌ„ge about his necke he hath a brode toÌ„ge lenreth wel fore to speke he may away with all manere of waters but the rayne water killeth theÌ„ and he bredeth moche in the montayns of Gelboe wher as Saul was felled for ther coÌ„meth seldeÌ„ rayne for whaÌ„ saul was felled Dauid was very woo prayed to almighty god as it is testefyed in y e sauter boke this maner sainge Lorde god I pray y e lat not desceÌ„de rayne nor dew where as is feld y e streÌ„gthes of Israhel after that there falleth no wat nor dewe yet but it bideth alway drye this birde reioyseth him selfe in a maydenly vysage and he waxeth dronkeÌ„ in wyne Cap. c.i. POrphirio is a birde y t goeth on y e grouÌ„de swiÌ„meth in y e water he hath one close fote another open whaÌ„ he will drinke thaÌ„ he taketh wat wyth his close fote bringeth it to his mouth than drinketh and he fedeth hym lyke a man for after euery mor sel that he eteth he drinketh he hath a great bylle longe legges his mete will nat well disiest Cap. C.ij REgulus y t is y e wreÌ„ne is a lytell birde whiche wold be king of al byrdes the egle wolde be kiÌ„ge because he was stroÌ„ge coude flye hyest in y e ayre than sayde the wreÌ„ne he y t flieth hyest of vs bothe shal be kynge ther w t they began to flee the wreÌ„ne gate him vnder the winges of the egle and whan they ware at the hyest than the wreÌ„ne flewe out sate vpon y e hede of the egle sayd now arte thou ouer woÌ„ne as the fable testefyeth Cap. C.iij. SCrabones dothe growe out of roten fowle horse flesshe and y e waspes brede in hye walles they make theyr nest w t lome the scrabones brede vnder the erthe and some saye that xxvij scrabones sholde slee a chylbe of vij yere of age Cap. C.iiij SCrabei come also of the roteÌ„ flessh of an horse as scrabones dothe they be flyenge wormes they haue no styÌ„ge but thei haue hornes splayed and wherw t they nype they be mo che in the corne sedys where as thei do moche harme and some name these hornes The Operacion Plinius sayth A woman that hathe her diseas yf she be naked go rownd about the corne or sede than falle all y e Scrabeyes and hornesses of and also all other veymous bestes or wormes Scrabeis brayed asonder and layd in oyle than y t oyle layd or dropped in a maÌ„nes ear is good for y e payÌ„es therof Cap. c.v. SInifes be the smal gnattys y t flye gladly about y e brethes of y e bestes and also of the people they flie often in folkes iyen and they â—â—tethe people oftentimes haue euyll reste and trowble them oftentymes of theyr slepe Cap. C.vi THe strix flyeth by night he lo ueth his yonges very well for he droppeth moystnes of mylke in theyr mouthes Selantides be byrdes that no man knoweth frome whens they come nor whyther they wyll become but they come to y e helpe of the people y t dwell by the montaynes of cassine y e whiche be sore enoyed w t the hayspringers thaÌ„ come these birdes ete these hayspriÌ„gers lowse theÌ„ their fru tes of all their scathes thaÌ„ they flie away agayne where they become no man can tell Cap. C. vij· THe Ostryche is a beste som wyll nat reken him for a birde but he is a parte lyke a birde a parte lyke a beste he hath in a maner a fassyon as yf it were winges he listeth himself vp to assay for to flee ofteÌ„times but it will nat be for they be nat euyÌ„ federed but as yf they ware hery and so is all the fore part of his body lyker here
thaÌ„ lyke feders but y e hinder parte of him is all federed lyke an other birde and he hathe a great heuy bodi lyke a litel asse he hathe clouen fete like a shepe somwhat holowe wtin wherin he grypeth stones and throweth theÌ„ behinde him whan any body foloweth him to take hiÌ„ and with the helpe of his winges he roÌ„neth faster thaÌ„ne any horse â—horse thei hateth eche other sore iÌ„ suche maner y t they may nat here nor se eche other he eteth yron distesteth it throughe his hote nature and he loketh alway w t one iye on to grownde and with the other in the ayre Cap. C.viij STuciocamelo is a birde very gret is moche in Ethiope in Affrike they be somwhat sibbe to the bestes they be as hye as a hors they roÌ„ne moche faster throughe y e helpe of their winges theyr fete be lyke y e ostriche they do w t all lyke the ostriche Sturij be lytel birdes y t flye a great hepe togeder in a rouÌ„de ringe because of the goshawke be night they be very stylle in y e dawniÌ„ge of y e daye they seke for their mete they leerne well to speke Cap. C.ix. TArda is a birde y t is slow of flight moche slower than other birdes be as it is sayde of his egges may be good coloure ¶ Tragopa is a byrde that is greter than an Egle he is moche in Ethyâ—pe is coloured moche lyke a glowinge yron he is heded lyke a fenix but he hathe .ij. hornes on his hede lyke a ramme Cap. c.x. TVrdi be litell birdes of greate forwyt they make their nestes in hye trees of erth and lome and they brayde it w t stickes and make it stroÌ„ge than incoÌ„tineÌ„t thei lay egges brede â—p theyr yonges and iÌ„ Germania be many of those byrdes Turdula is a birde that is gretter than turdus of his douÌ„ge is made good glewe Cap. C.x. A Byrde is y e Tirtyll doue that loueth alwaye to be in forestys or wodes amoÌ„ge the trees also on moÌ„ntaynes thei be euer couples togeger Ambrosiê° sayth The tirtyll doue is a clene chaste birde for yf she hathe lost her make she wolde neuer haue other after for y e losse of her firste loue is more payne sorowe vnto her than any loue of another coude coÌ„forte her aft y e whiche is bothe to man woman a wordy ensample Thei lay in y e winter in theyr feders in holowe trees and in may the come out agayn some with drawe theÌ„ into warme londes she bryÌ„geth furth but .ij. yonges yet she laith somtyme iij. egges these birdes leue be frutes The blode of this byrde is good to be put in blode shotten iyen Cap. C.xi. VAneliê° is a fayre byrde great as a doue hauiÌ„ge a crowne on hys hede lyke a pecocke his necke is a shy ninge grene his body is of a mani colours whaÌ„ any body seketh his nest than he cometh towarde theÌ„ meteth them cryeth wherby he thrughe his folisshnes is oftentymes begyled fore w t his cryeÌ„ge his nest is fouÌ„de roued Cap. C.xij VEspertilio a backe is a birde w t foure fete and hathe a mouth tethe lyke a mowse and no tayle and it hath no feders but it hath .ij. wiÌ„ges on the which be no feders but thin skiÌ„nes facioned lyke a dragons winge therw t they flee and it geteth his mete by night like the owle and it bringeth forth her yonges lyke a beste with iiij fete and it layth none egges· The blode of it is good to be enoyted vpoÌ„ maydeÌ„s brestes for thaÌ„ they shall nat waxe very grete The braynes tempered w t hony helpeth the iyen of the water y t descendeth into them Ther be in Ynde some as moche as doues and they flye by euyn tide they haue tethe like a man and these be so bolde whaÌ„ thei fle that they festen in the face of a man and byte the nose or ere 's of and shend a maÌ„nes visage Cap. C.xiij. AWaspe seketh her mete of stikin gecarion they haue stinges like the scorpioÌ„ withinforth and the fetche theyr mete also frome the floures and frutes of the trees they take flies and byte of their hedes and than carie theÌ„ to their holes in therthe but the moste parte of them leue by caryoÌ„ flesshe ¶ The operacion AuiceÌ„na A plaster made of wilde malowe leues is good to drawe out the fâ—iÌ„ge The donge of a goote draweth out the venyme of y e waspe And salt and vinegre tempered with hony is very good Oyle of bay is good also for the stynge Cap. C.xiiij VLula this byrde is so named because of his cryenge for whaÌ„ he cryeth he wepeth and sigeth Therfor some say that this birde with his cry enge maketh a significacyon of goode fortune and they be as great as a raueÌ„ and theyr feders be spotted their cryr is lyke the howlinge of a wolfe Cap. C.xv. VPapa is a birde that cryeth hop hop it hath a crowne of feders on his hede but he is very oÌ„clenly he is moche be the ordure or fylth of man and he eteth stinkinge erth he that is enoyÌ„ted with his blode and than gothe to slepe he shal thinke that the deuyll woryeth him Phisiologus sayth that whan the hoppes be foolde y t they can fle nomore than the yonge ones be so kynde to theyr daÌ„mes that they let them laye in their neste for thaÌ„ their sight fayleth them also and they plucke of their syres daÌ„mes feders they ouerstryke their iyen w t an herbe thaâ— they fynde be nature wherwith they se agayn than they sit ouer theÌ„ kepe them warme fede them tyll y t they be fully flgged can flye at their wyll The Operacion ¶ Pictagoras saith that the blode of y e Hop is meruelous for who so is enoyÌ„ted w t his blode shall haue many deuelisshe fantasies The feders or quylles layde on a maÌ„nes hede withdriueth y e paynes of the hede The tonge of it haÌ„ged on one that is very forgetfull it shall kepe hym in gode remeÌ„brauÌ„ce HEre endeth the Seconde parte of this present volume whyche hathe treated of the natures of y e fowles of the ayre And here after foloweth of the natures of the fisshes of the See whiche be right profitable to be vnderstaÌ„de Wherof I wyll wryte be y e helpe grace of almighty god to whose laude prayse this mater ensueth Cap. Primo Aâ—remon is a fruteful fisshe that hathe moche sede but it is nat through mouynge of the he but only of the owne proper nature than she rubbeth her belly vpon the grouÌ„de or sande is sharpe in handelinge salt of sauour this fisshe saueth her yonges in her bely whan it is tempestius weder whan the weder is ouerpast than she vomyteth them out agayne Nota. Achandes
see that throweth vp great waues of water as if it were great hilles out of the grounde and put many shippes in great peryll Cap. xvi CAncer the creuyce is a Fishe of y e see that is closed in a harde shelle hauyng many fete clawes and euer it crepeth bacward the he hathe two pyÌ„nes on his bely y e she hathe none whan he wyll engender he cliÌ„meth on her bake she turneth her syde towardes him so they fulfyll their workes In maye they chaunge their cotes in wiÌ„ter they hyde theÌ„ fiue monethes duringe whaÌ„ the creues hath droÌ„ken milke it may leue loÌ„ge wtout wat whaÌ„ he is olde he hathe ij stones in his hed with rede spottes that haue great vertue for if they be layde in drynke they withdryue the payne frome the herte the creuyce eteth the Oysters geteth theÌ„ be policye for whan the oyster gapeth he throweth lytell stones in him so geteth his fisshe out for it bydeth thaÌ„ open The Operacion ¶ The Asshes of hym is gode to make white tethe to kepe the motes out of the clothes it wtdryueth byles heleth mangynes The creuyce of the fresshe water geueth gret fode but it is an heuy mete to disieste Cap. xvij CAab Isiidorê° saith is a see dogge y t hathe very smal fete to y e quantyte of his body he byteth lyke a dog and he is dauÌ„gerous ennemye to all fisshes for he chaseth the fisshes in the see as the houÌ„des dothe the bestes on y e londe where as he hathe power ouer for he driueth them into a narowe corner of the water there he byteth theÌ„ perillously somtyme the fishers perceyue it they set nettis rouÌ„de about him so take him AuiceÌ„na saith that asmoche as a mustarde sede of his gal is so venymous that if a man ete it it shold sle him in a se night sethe butter of a kowe with Romayne gencyan it shall helpe him Cap. xviij CAuciê° is a fisshe that wyll nat be taken w t no hokes but eteth of y e bayte goth his way quyte Capitaâ—ê° is a lytel fisshe w t a great hede a wyde rouÌ„de mouthe it hydeth him vnder the stones Nota. Carpera is a carpe it is a fysshe that hathe great scales and the female hathe a great rowghe she can bringe forthe no yonges tyll she haue receyued mylke of her make that she receyueth at the mouth and it is yll for to take for whan it perceyueth that it shal be taken w t the net thaÌ„ it thrusteth the hede into the mudde of the water and than the nette slyppeth ouer him whiche waye so euer it come some holde them fast be the grounde grasse or erbis so saue themselfe cap. xix CEtus is the greatest whale fisshe of all his mouthe is so wyde that he bloweth vp the water as yf it were a clowde wherw t he drowneth many shippes but whan the maryners spye where he is than thei accoÌ„pany them a gret many of shyppes togeder about him with diuers iÌ„strumeÌ„tis of musike they play with grete armonye the fisshe is very gladde of this armonye coÌ„meth fletynge aboue the watere to here the melody than they haue amonge them an instrument of yron y e whiche they festeÌ„ in to the harde skiÌ„ne the weght of it synketh downwarde in to y e fatagrese sodenly w t that al y e instrumentes of musike be styll and y e shyppes departe frome thens anone he sinketh to the grownde he feleth y t the salt watere smarteth in y e wouÌ„de thaÌ„ he turneth his bely vpwaerd and rubbeth his wownde agayÌ„st y e grouÌ„d the more he rubbeth the depere it entreth he rubbeth so longe y t he sleeth hymself and whan he is dede than coÌ„meth he vp agayne and sheweth him selfe dede as he dyd before quicke and than the shippes gader them togeder agayne and take so lede hym to loÌ„de do theyr profyte with hym Cap. xx CElethy is a fisshe y t bredeth eueri vi monthes it hathe a rowe whaÌ„ he casteth his rowe thaÌ„ it semeth that his yonges be all wormes but in coÌ„tinent they waxe great and be like the daÌ„me but she casteth be the londes syde to haue the hete of the soÌ„ne this fisshe hathe a great harte and tethe lyke a bore and it slepeth so heuely that men may take it with theyr handes ¶ Ceruleum is a monster in y e entre of the water and it hathe .ij. armes of lx cubytes of lenghte he is so stroÌ„ge that whan there coÌ„meth an olyphant for to drinke at the water syde that he pulleth the olyphaÌ„t in to the water w t his armes they be lyke the creuyces armes and ofteÌ„tymes the olyphante leseth thus his lyfe Cap. xxi CHilon eteth nat like other fisshes or bestes of these but of them coÌ„ meth a maner of moystnes whiche is lymye as it were slyme that they ete and therof they leue they may fast very well yet they be very strong and myghty ¶ Circhos is a beste of the see that hathe harde blacke scales and in som place rede they be smoth they haue .iiij. fete the lefte fete be great the ryght fete be smale on euery fote be .iij. clawes lyke fyngers hys lefte fete bereth hym more than his ryghte fete In tempestyous and wyndy weder they be weke feble thaÌ„ they crepe vnder the stones there they holde them fast on whan it is fayre weder than they come out agayne they be sâ—ronge it hath an hede almoste like a man the body lyke a see dogge Cap· xxij COnâ—he be abydynge in y e harde shellis as y e mone growth or waueth so be the conches or muscles fulle or nat full but smale there be many sortes of conches or musclys but y e best be they that haue the perles in Cap. .xxiij. COoâ—hele is a snayle dwelliÌ„ge in the water also on the loÌ„de they go out of theyr howses they thruste out .ij. longe hornes wherwith they fele wether they go for they se nat whe re they crepe Cap. xxiiij THe Conger is a se fisshe facioned like an ele but they be moche greter in quaÌ„tyte whan it bloweth sore than waxe they fatte ¶ Polippus is also a stronge fisshe y t onwarse he wyl pull a man out of a shyp yet y e conger is so stronge that he wyll tere polippuÌ„ a sonder w t his teth in winter y e conger layth in y e depe cauernes or holes of the water he is nat taken but in somer ¶ Esculapius sayth Coretz is a fisshe that hydeth hym in the depe of y e water whan it rayneth for yf he receiued any rayne he sholde waxe blynde and dye of it ¶ Iorath sayth The fisshes that be named se craues whaÌ„ne
Ezox is a very grete fisshe in that water danowe be the londe of huÌ„garye he is of suche bygnes that a carte with .iiij. horses can nat cary hym awaye and he hath nat many bones but his hede is full and he hath swete fisshe lyke a porke and whan this fysshe is taken thaÌ„ne geue hym mylke to drynke and ye may carye hym many a myle and kepe hym longe quicke Cap. xxxviij FOcas is a see bulle is very stroÌ„ge dangerous and he feghteth euer with his wyf tyll she be dede and whan he hath kylled her than he casteth her out of his place seketh a no ther and leueth with her very well tyl he dye or tyll his wyfe ouercome him and kylle hyÌ„ he bydeth alway in one place he and his yonges leue be suche as they can gete ¶ Galata is a beste that dothe on naturall dedys for whaÌ„ she feleth her yoÌ„ges quycke or stere in her body thaÌ„ she draweth theÌ„ out lo keth vpon theÌ„ yf she se they be to yoÌ„ge thaÌ„ she putteth theÌ„ in agayne lateth them growe tyll they be bygger Cap. xxxix FAstaleoÌ„ is a fysshe that eteth no fysshe that is sibbe to hym yet other fisshes doth ete theyr kiÌ„ne yf they can ouercome them ¶ Iorath Fastes is a fisshe that taketh salt water in his mouth and maketh it swete and than coÌ„meth y e smale fysshes iÌ„ to his mouth to haue of that swete water and than he swaloweth them downe and thus they be begyled ¶ Pliniê° Fices is a fisshe that chauÌ„geth his colour and in maye he is of many colours and ther is no fissh y t bildeth a nest but this in his nest he bryngeth furth his yoÌ„ges Cap. xl GLadiê° is a fisshe so named because he is mouthed after the fascyoÌ„ of a sworde poynt and ther fore often tymes he perseth y e shyppes thorough so causeth them to be drowned Aristotiles Gastarios is a fisshe lyke the scorpion and is but lytell greter than a spyder it styngeth many fisshes w t her poyson so that they caÌ„ nat endure nowhere and he styngeth the dolphin on the hede y t it entreth in to y e brayne ¶ Isidorus Glaucus is a whyte fissh that is but selden sene except in darke rayne weder and is nat in season but in the howndes dayes Cap. xli GObio is a smale longe fissh with a rouÌ„de body full of scales and litell blacke spottys and some saye they leue of drouÌ„de caryoÌ„ the fisshers say contrarye y t they leue in clere watere in sand ye grauell and it is a holsom mete ¶ Grauus is a fisshe that hath an iye aboue on hys hede and therw t he loketh vp and saueth hym from theÌ„ that wyll eat hym Cap. xlij Gamanes is a water beste whaÌ„ she hathe caste her yoÌ„ges thaÌ„ she roÌ„neth a stray regardeth theÌ„ nomo re thaÌ„ coÌ„meth y t he eÌ„closeth theÌ„ rouÌ„d about w t wode because othere fisshes sholde nat hurte them whaÌ„ he fortuneth to be takeÌ„ in a nette thaÌ„ he thynketh on his yonges and bursteth y e nette asonder and so escapeth Cap. xliij HAimo is a fisshe of many maner of colours wil nat be takeÌ„ but w t an angle rodde they swiÌ„me to geder in greate hepys for to haue swete metys and they haue a stone in theyr hedys ¶ The see swalowes be like â—he swalowes on the erth they abyde alway vpon the see they haue wyÌ„ges flee vp to the clowdy firmament Cap. xliiij THe stone bore of the see whose stones be set about wyth sharpe pynnes lyke the chestone growynge on the tre it is thesame beste that is spokeÌ„ of in y e .lxxvij. chapter in y e fyrst boke of thâ— pÌ„sent volume cap. xlv RAlaor is a se fisshe whaÌ„ y e rayn falleth vpon hym thaÌ„ he waxeth blynd can no seke his mete and thaÌ„ it dieth for huÌ„ger Karbora is a fisshe that lyueth longe after he be taken for he hathe fresshe water laynge on his entrayles wheron he fedeth longe tyme Kyloch is a see fishe laynge in a shell lyke a snayle his mouthe is in y e myddell of his body whan he feleth ought he sinketh to y e grouÌ„de cleueth fast to a stone Cap. xlvi RArabo Isidorus saithe is a fisshe that liueth of the mudde and his fisshe stinketh he hath a brode tayle to turne quickely and they make partyes agaynst eche other in great hepys and so feght right cruelly and they take somtime fisshes and tere them asonder and than ete them and whan this fisshe is afrayd thaÌ„ it gothe bacward lyke the creuyce and ellis at all other tymes it gothe as other fysshes dothe Cap. xlvij ROky Aristotiles saith is a se best and hathe great sharpe tethe his condycyon is that he liueth bothe on water on londe but because his legges be weke he is leuer in y e water it is tayled lyke an herte and in all ê“portions and condicioÌ„s it is lyke focas in y e xxxviij chapt before specified Cap. xlviij LEo marinê° the see lyon is lyke the lyon of the londe but the lyoÌ„ on the londe is full of pryde the lyon of the see is very meke ellis they be lyke of all condicyons and strengthe wherfore I wryte nomore of him Cap. xlix LEpus marinê° the seehare hath a hede lyke the londe hare but it is poyson bothe in mete drinke and they be fouÌ„de in y e sees of Inde there is no beste of these y t toucheth him but he must dye yf a man touche him both he the man dieth he that drinketh of this beste in his drinke he hath a short breth red iyen a drye hede he speweth blode and can make no water Cap. l. LVdolacra is a meruelous fisshe or beste of nature and it is meruelously shapeÌ„ for it hath ij wynges vnder his iawes and ij wynges on his backe wherwith he flyeth meruelously sore and well Cap. li. LOligo is a meruelous monster his skinne is full of shales he hathe wiÌ„ges of quilles feders for to fly he swiÌ„meth w t other fisshes in y e grouÌ„de of these whan he is wery there he flyeth sodenly vp into the ayre but y e wynde be boystous he must downe agayne to the grouÌ„de of these be force Nota. Sepia loligo haue eche of theÌ„ two longe fete wherwith they grype their mete They liue but selden aboue two yere And some say that aboute y e moris lande be so may that they drouÌ„de the shippes oftentymes Cap. lij LOcusta mariÌ„a is named y e spriÌ„g â—ocke of the see it is four cubytes longe he waxeth lene in the winter than he layth hidden fiue monthes duringe in may and haruest he is fatte and w t the newe mone he waxeth gret Whanpolippus seeth this fisshe than he dyeth for fear Cap. liij LVcius is a pike a fisshe of y e
his hede Cap. lxvi OStrenÌ„ is an oyster that openeth his shell to receyue y e dewe swete ayre In y e oyster groweth naturali orient perles that oftentymes laye on the see stronde be but lytell regarded as Isidorus saith Cap. lxvij Pagrus is a fisshe that hath so harde tethe y t he byteth y e oyster shelles in peces eteth out the fisshe of theÌ„ Nota Pauus maris is the Pecocke of these is lyke the pecocke of the londe bothe his backe necke hede the nether body is fisshe Nota Pertus is of diuers colours swift in roÌ„nynge in y e water hathe sharpe finnes is a holsome mete for seke people Pecten is a fisshe that is in sandy grouÌ„de whaÌ„ he is meued or stered he wynketh Cap. lxviij PLatanista is a fisshe engendred in fresshe wat than coÌ„meth into y e see they be mouthed lyke a dolphyÌ„ w t a tayle of xvi cubytes longe they coÌ„pany in great hepes they haue ij armis wherw t they do great harme to the oliphaÌ„tis whan they come to y e troÌ„des for to drinke Perua is a muscle very great yelowe and wtin the shell it hathe a fayre shynynge skinne that is very costly wherw t in those partyes women be rychely attyred Cap· lxix PIstris is a great beste in the see there it bloweth somtyme so moche wat standinge vp right that it putteth often shippes in great dauÌ„ger Cap. lxx PInna is a fisshe y t layeth alwaye in the mudde and hathe alway a lodismaÌ„ some name it a lytel hoge it hathe a rouÌ„de body it is in a shell lyke a muscle it layth in the mone as it were dede gapyng open and than the smale fisshes come into his shel weniÌ„g of him to take their repaste but whan he feleth y t his shell is almoste ful than he closeth his mouthe taketh them eteth them parteth them amoÌ„ge his felowes The playce is well knowen fisshe for he is brode blake on the one syde and whyte on the other· Cap. lxxi POrcus marinus the see hoge is moche lyke the londe hogge for whan it seketh his mete it turneth vp the erth in the grouÌ„d of these his mouthe is be y e throte It hathe bristels and finnes wherof some be strong poyson he is most parte all grese The remedy for this bristell or stinge is his owne ê“per gall Cap. lxxij POliyyus hath gret strength in his fete what he therin cacheth he holdeth it fast he spriÌ„geth somtyme vp to the shippes syde snacheth a maÌ„ w t him to the grouÌ„de of the see there eteth him that y t he leueth he casteth it out of his denne agayn they be moche in these about Venis he is taken in barellis where hartys hornes be layd in for he is gladly be those hornes Cap. lxxiij PVngitiuê° is a litel fisshe w t sharp prickiÌ„ge finnes some say they growe in the water wtout sede the he hathe a rede nebbe nst y e she some say that all other fisshes grow of them For if a newe viuer be made y t theee grow of those fisshes in it the first yere the next yere there shal be of al maner of other fisshes in it y t than of it shal be engendered Cap. lxxiiij PVrpures be see muscles y t gader togeder in may they be of the same properties that murix is of in y e lviij chapter of this lest boke Cap. lxxv RAite be fisshes of these named of the gentil fisshes where as many be he is but litel set by he is almost rounde hathe ferfull iyen and is as brode as he is longe hathe a tayll ful of thornes the tayll is lyke a snake his fisshe is slimye and he waxeth fatt with a sotheren wynde Nota. Gachaes is a fisshe that wyll make a maÌ„ lame that eteth of him Cap. lxxvi RAna marina The see frogge hathe wynges she is longe hiddeÌ„ or she shewe herselfe and than gothe she on the grene where these dryueth awaye and there she taketh the smale fysshes that she eteth Cap. lxxvij RVmbus is a great fisshe stronge bolde but he is very slow iÌ„ swiÌ„miÌ„ge therfor can he gete his mete but soberly w t swiÌ„myng therfor he layth him down in the grouÌ„de or mudde hideth him there and all the fisshes that he can ouercome coÌ„mynge for by him he taketh and eteth them Cap. lxxviij RVbus is a fisshe of the grekes se of the sees of ytaly they be rouÌ„de lyke a ringe haue many rede spottes is full of sharpe finnes pinnis he is slow in swiÌ„mynge because he is so brode he gothe be the grouÌ„de wayteth there his praye suche fisshes as he can gete he burieth in the sandes it is a very swete fisshe Gyaâ—he be fisshes that be rouÌ„de somtyme they be in length brede two cubites it hath a longe tayle theron be sharpe piÌ„nes it is slowe in swiÌ„mynge Cap. lxxix SAlmo is a fysshe engendred in the swete water he waxeth longe gret also he is heuy his colour nor sauour is nat gode tyll he haue ben in the salt wat proued it thus draweth the samon to the water agaynst y e streme he neuer seaseth tyll he haue ben iÌ„ these and returned agayn to his olde home as Phisiologua saith his fisshe is rede he may nat liue in a swet staÌ„dinge water he must be in a fresshe riuer that he may playe vp and douÌ„e at his plesure Salpa is a fowle fisshe and lytell set by for it wyll neuer be y nough for no maner of dressinge tyll it haue ben beten with grete hamers staues Cap. lxx SPargus is a se fisshe that whan y e fissher casteth his nette ta take hyÌ„ than roÌ„neth he into the nette alone or he be taken Nota. Staurus is a lusty fisshe he chaweth hia mete lyke y e oxe dothe longe after that he hath eteÌ„ for he hath but fewe tethe of these fisshes be many amonge the romaynes in the water of Tyber Cap. lxxi SEpis is a fisshe that receiueth her sede thrugh the mouthe she layeth egges that becoÌ„m ful comly yoÌ„ges within forty nightis and they swiÌ„me payre payre togeder Cap. lxxij SErra is a fysshe with great tethe and on his backe he hathe sharpe fynnes lyke the combe of a cocke and iagged lyke a sawe wherw t thys monstrous fisshe cutteth a ship thorough whan he seeth a shippe coÌ„mynge than he setteth vp his finÌ„es thiÌ„keth to sayl with the shippe as fast as it but whan he seeth that he can nat coÌ„tinue thaÌ„ he latteth his finnes fall agayn destroieth the shippe with the people and thaÌ„ eteth the dede bodyes Nota. Scilla is a monster in the see betwene Italye Sicill it is great ennemye vnto maÌ„ It is faced handed lyke a