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and_o with_o much_o less_o meat_n than_o otherwise_o they_o will_v feed_v on_o and_o fatten_v also_o with_o carrot_n cut_v small_a and_o give_v they_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v esteem_v the_o skilful_a feeder_n that_o be_v do_v goose_n the_o jew_n manner_n of_o fat_a goose_n wrap_v the_o goose_n in_o a_o linen_n apron_n they_o hang_v she_o up_o in_o a_o dark_a place_n stop_v her_o ear_n with_o pease_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n that_o by_o neither_o hear_n nor_o see_v of_o any_o thing_n she_o be_v not_o force_v to_o struggle_v nor_o cry_v after_o they_o give_v her_o pellet_n of_o ground-malt_n or_o barley_n steep_v in_o water_n thrice_o a_o day_n set_v by_o they_o water_n and_o gravel_n by_o which_o manner_n of_o feed_v they_o make_v they_o so_o fat_a that_o it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a i_o have_v hear_v it_o also_o confident_o affirm_v and_o relate_v by_o one_o that_o in_o france_n he_o see_v carp_n fat_v by_o be_v bind_v with_o their_o nose_n upright_o and_o daily_o feed_v with_o 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time_n for_o the_o soil_a of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-land_n soil_v time_n for_o soil_v be_v in_o the_o winter-season_n about_o january_n or_o february_n that_o the_o rain_n may_v wash_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n the_o fatness_n of_o the_o soil_n before_o the_o sun_n dry_v it_o away_o and_o dissolve_v the_o clot_n that_o may_v be_v spread_v with_o a_o bush_n draw_v over_o it_o like_o a_o harrow_n before_o the_o grass_n be_v too_o high_a ash_n of_o wood_n peat_n turf_n sea-coal_n or_o any_o other_o fuel_n be_v land_n soil_n for_o rushy_a and_o cold_a land_n very_o proper_a to_o be_v lay_v on_o cold_a spewey_n rushey_n and_o mossy_a land_n not_o sandy_a or_o hot_a and_o suit_v best_a therewith_o and_o agree_v with_o the_o husbandry_n of_o burn_v the_o turf_n as_o be_v before_o advise_v the_o dung_n of_o pigeon_n or_o any_o other_o fowl_n work_v a_o better_a effect_n on_o that_o than_o other_o land_n also_o all_o hot_a and_o sandy_a soil_n be_v fit_a for_o that_o sort_n of_o 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soil_n or_o compost_n proper_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v whereof_o you_o may_v find_v more_o hereafter_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o soil_n dung_n etc._n etc._n sect_n iv_o of_o several_a new_a species_n of_o hay_n or_o grass_n it_o be_v find_v by_o daily_a experience_n not_o only_o in_o foreign_a part_n but_o in_o our_o own_o country_n that_o a_o very_a great_a improvement_n may_v be_v make_v on_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o land_n by_o alter_v the_o species_n of_o such_o vegetable_n that_o be_v natural_o produce_v total_o suppress_v the_o one_o and_o propagate_a another_o in_o its_o place_n which_o may_v rejoice_v and_o thrive_v better_o there_o than_o that_o before_o as_o we_o evident_o see_v by_o corn_n sow_v on_o land_n where_o hardly_o grass_n will_v have_v grow_v what_o a_o crop_n you_o reap_v but_o these_o be_v but_o annual_n that_o which_o raise_v the_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n be_v what_o annual_o yield_v its_o increase_n without_o a_o renovation_n of_o expense_n in_o plough_v and_o sow_v as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o clover-grass_n or_o great_a trefoyl_n st._n foyn_n or_o holy-hay_a la_fw-fr lucern_n spurrey-seed_n trefoyl_n none-such_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o apart_o this_o grass_n have_v bear_v the_o name_n and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o principal_a clover-grass_n of_o the_o clover-grass_n of_o grass_n both_o for_o the_o great_a improvement_n it_o bring_v by_o its_o prodigious_a burden_n and_o by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o grass_n or_o hay_n for_o food_n for_o cattle_n and_o be_v much_o sow_v and_o use_v in_o flanders_n and_o in_o holland_n precedent_n to_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o good_a husbandry_n in_o brabant_n they_o speak_v of_o keep_v four_o cow_n winter_n and_o summer_n on_o a_o acre_n some_o cut_n and_o lay_v up_o for_o fodder_n other_o cut_v and_o eat_v green_a here_o in_o england_n they_o say_v a_o acre_n have_v keep_v four_o coach-horse_n and_o more_o all_o summer_n long_o but_o if_o it_o 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english_a improver_n blithe_n other_o say_v it_o will_v last_v five_o year_n and_o then_o also_o yield_v three_o or_o four_o year_n together_o rich_a crop_n of_o wheat_n and_o after_o that_o a_o crop_n of_o oat_n in_o the_o annotation_n upon_o mr._n hartlib_n legacy_n we_o find_v several_a computation_n of_o the_o great_a advantage_n have_v be_v make_v by_o sow_v clover-grass_n as_o that_o a_o parcel_n of_o ground_n a_o little_a above_o two_o acre_n the_o second_o year_n do_v yield_v in_o may_n two_o load_v of_o hay_n worth_a five_o pound_n the_o next_o crop_n for_o seed_n be_v ripe_a in_o august_n and_o yield_v three_o very_a great_a load_v worth_a nine_o pound_n that_o year_n the_o seed_n be_v 300_o l._n which_o with_o the_o hay_n be_v value_v at_o thirty_o pound_n beside_o the_o after-pasture_n another_o precedent_n be_v that_o on_o four_o acre_n there_o grow_v twelve_o load_v of_o hay_n at_o twice_o mow_v and_o twenty_o bushel_n of_o seed_n one_o load_n of_o the_o hay_n mow_v in_o 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other_o but_o if_o it_o be_v husky_a which_o save_v labour_n in_o cleanse_v of_o it_o and_o also_o sow_n better_o by_o fill_v the_o hand_n than_o mix_v with_o any_o other_o thing_n you_o must_v endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o true_a proportion_n according_a to_o the_o cleanness_n or_o foulness_n you_o make_v it_o but_o be_v sure_a to_o sow_v enough_o rather_o too_o much_o than_o too_o little_a for_o the_o more_o there_o be_v the_o better_a it_o shadow_v the_o ground_n some_o have_v sow_v fifteen_o pound_n on_o a_o acre_n with_o good_a success_n ten_o pound_n some_o judge_n to_o be_v of_o the_o least_o however_o let_v the_o seed_n be_v new_a and_o of_o the_o best_a which_o the_o english_a be_v esteem_v to_o be_v the_o usual_a way_n be_v thus_o advise_v when_o you_o have_v fit_v your_o land_n clover-grass_n the_o
the_o land_n whereon_o it_o have_v stand_v for_o many_o year_n and_o not_o barrennize_v it_o as_o it_o usual_a with_o annual_a seed_n you_o may_v break_v it_o up_o and_o sow_v it_o with_o corn_n till_o it_o be_v out_o of_o heart_n and_o then_o sow_v it_o with_o st._n foyn_v as_o former_o it_o will_v thrive_v on_o dry_a and_o barren_a ground_n where_o hardly_o any_o thing_n else_o will_v the_o root_n be_v great_a and_o deep_a be_v not_o so_o soon_o dry_v by_o the_o parch_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o of_o other_o grass_n they_o be_v it_o must_v be_v sow_v in_o far_o great_a quantity_n than_o the_o clover-seed_n it_o quantity_n of_o seed_n on_o a_o acre_n and_o manner_n of_o sow_v of_o it_o because_o the_o seed_n be_v much_o large_a and_o light_a it_o may_v be_v sow_v with_o oat_n or_o barley_n as_o the_o clover_n about_o equal_a part_n with_o the_o grain_n you_o sow_v it_o will_v serve_v always_o remember_v you_o sow_v your_o grain_n but_o thin_a be_v sure_a you_o make_v your_o ground_n fine_a for_o this_o and_o other_o french_a seed_n as_o you_o usual_o do_v for_o barley_n fear_v not_o the_o sow_v of_o the_o seed_n too_o thick_a for_o be_v thick_a they_o soon_o stock_n the_o ground_n and_o destroy_v all_o other_o grass_n and_o weed_n some_o advice_n to_o how_o these_o seed_n in_o like_a pease_n in_o range_v though_o not_o so_o far_o distant_a the_o better_a to_o destroy_v the_o weed_n between_o it_o this_o will_v bear_v this_o way_n of_o husbandry_n better_o than_o the_o clover_n because_o that_o have_v but_o a_o small_a root_n and_o require_v to_o shadow_v the_o ground_n more_o than_o this_o feed_v it_o not_o the_o first_o year_n because_o the_o sweetness_n thereof_o will_v provoke_v the_o cattle_n to_o bite_v too_o near_o the_o ground_n very_o much_o to_o the_o injury_n of_o your_o st._n foyn_v but_o you_o may_v mow_v it_o with_o your_o barley_n or_o oat_n or_o if_o sow_o by_o itself_o the_o first_o year_n of_o la_fw-fr lucerne_n in_o the_o next_o place_n this_o plant_n la_fw-fr lucerne_n be_v commend_v for_o a_o excellent_a fodder_n and_o by_o some_o prefer_v before_o st._n foyn_n as_o be_v require_v what_o ground_n it_o require_v very_o advantageous_a to_o dry_v and_o barren_a ground_n it_o be_v manage_v like_o the_o former_a seed_n some_o write_v that_o it_o require_v a_o moist_a ground_n and_o rich_a other_o a_o dry_a so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v it_o have_v prove_v well_o on_o all_o the_o land_n must_v be_v well_o dress_v and_o three_o time_n fallowed_a the_o time_n for_o sow_v it_o be_v after_o the_o cold_a weather_n be_v over_o about_o it_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o sow_v of_o it_o the_o middle_n of_o april_n some_o oat_n may_v be_v sow_v therewith_o but_o in_o a_o small_a proportion_n the_o seed_n be_v very_o small_a therefore_o the_o six_o part_n of_o it_o be_v allot_v to_o a_o acre_n as_o be_v require_v of_o any_o other_o grain_n one_o bushel_n thereof_o go_v as_o far_o as_o six_o of_o corn_n it_o may_v be_v mow_v twice_o a_o year_n and_o feed_v all_o the_o winter_n the_o hay_n must_v be_v well_o dry_v and_o house_v for_o it_o be_v otherwise_o bad_a to_o keep_v it_o be_v good_a use_n it_o be_v use_n for_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n but_o above_o all_o it_o agree_v best_a with_o horse_n it_o feed_v much_o more_o than_o ordinary_a hay_n that_o lean_a beast_n be_v sudden_o fat_a with_o it_o it_o cause_v abundance_n of_o milk_n in_o milch-beast_n it_o must_v be_v give_v at_o the_o first_o with_o caution_n as_o before_o we_o direct_v concern_v the_o clover_n that_o be_v mix_v with_o straw_n or_o hay_n you_o may_v also_o feed_v all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n with_o it_o green_a all_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v best_a to_o mow_v it_o but_o once_o a_o year_n it_o will_v last_v ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n if_o you_o desire_v the_o seed_n when_o it_o be_v ripe_a cut_v off_o the_o top_n in_o a_o dewy_a morning_n and_o put_v into_o sheet_n for_o fear_n of_o lose_v the_o seed_n and_o when_o they_o be_v dry_a thrash_v they_o thereon_o the_o remain_a stalk_n may_v be_v mow_v for_o hay_n by_o eat_v this_o grass_n in_o the_o spring_n horse_n be_v purge_v and_o make_v fat_a in_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n time_n one_o acre_n will_v keep_v three_o horse_n all_o the_o year_n long_o hartlib_n legacy_n sect_n v._o of_o some_o other_o grass_n or_o hays_n this_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o st._n foyn_n and_o by_o some_o judge_v to_o be_v the_o same_o esparcet_n esparcet_n this_o be_v a_o grain_n annual_o sow_v in_o france_n and_o other_o country_n vetch_n la_fw-fr rome_n yn_n or_o french_a tare_n or_o vetch_n very_o quick_a of_o growth_n and_o excellent_a food_n for_o cattle_n especial_o for_o horse_n and_o after_o the_o feed_n of_o it_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o summer_n it_o may_v be_v let_v grow_v for_o hay_o it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o la_fw-fr lucerne_n because_o this_o be_v annual_a the_o other_o of_o long_a continuance_n only_o this_o will_v grow_v on_o dry_a and_o poor_a land_n than_o lucerne_n wherein_o it_o exceed_v it_o in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o usual_o sow_v it_o twice_o in_o a_o summer_n the_o spurrey-seed_n spurrey-seed_n first_o in_o may_n in_o june_n and_o july_n it_o will_v be_v in_o flower_n and_o in_o august_n the_o seed_n be_v usual_o ripe_a the_o second_o time_n of_o sow_v be_v after_o rye-harvest_n which_o ground_n they_o usual_o plough_v up_o and_o sow_v it_o with_o spurrey-seed_n that_o it_o may_v grow_v up_o and_o serve_v their_o kine_n after_o all_o late_a grass_n be_v eat_v up_o till_o new-years-day_n this_o pasture_n make_v excellent_a butter_n prefer_v by_o many_o before_o may-butter_n hen_n will_v greedy_o eat_v the_o herb_n and_o it_o make_v they_o lay_v the_o more_o eggs._n hartlib_n legacy_n hop_v clover_n trefoyl_n or_o three-leaved_n grass_n be_v both_o fine_a and_o sweet_a trefoyl_n trefoyl_n than_o the_o great_a clover-grass_n it_o will_v grow_v in_o any_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v sow_o with_o corn_n as_o before_o or_o without_o or_o be_v sprinkle_v in_o meadow_n will_v exceed_o mend_v the_o hay_n both_o in_o burden_n and_o goodness_n at_o maddington_n in_o wiltshire_n about_o nine_o mile_n from_o salisbury_n wiltshire_n long_o grass_n in_o wiltshire_n grow_v a_o grass_n in_o a_o small_a plat_v of_o meadow-ground_n which_o grass_n in_o some_o year_n grow_v to_o a_o prodigious_a length_n sometime_o twenty_o four_o foot_n long_o but_o not_o in_o height_n as_o be_v usual_o report_v but_o creep_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o at_o least_o touch_v the_o ground_n at_o several_a of_o the_o knot_n of_o the_o grass_n it_o be_v extraordinary_a sweet_a and_o not_o so_o easy_o propagate_v as_o have_v be_v imagine_v the_o length_n thereof_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o wash_n of_o a_o decline_a sheep-down_a that_o the_o rain_n in_o a_o hasty_a shower_n bring_v with_o it_o much_o of_o the_o fatness_n of_o the_o sheep-dung_n over_o the_o meadow_n so_o that_o in_o such_o spring_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o such_o shower_n or_o at_o least_o from_o some_o certain_a coast_n this_o grass_n thrive_v not_o so_o well_o the_o ground_n be_v then_o no_o better_a than_o another_o this_o herb_n so_o little_o esteem_v because_o not_o far_o fetch_v be_v a_o saxifrage_n saxifrage_n excellent_a and_o proper_a herb_n to_o be_v nourish_v or_o sow_o in_o meadow_n for_o among_o all_o housewife_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o infallible_a rule_n that_o where_o saxifrage_n grow_v there_o you_o shall_v never_o have_v ill_a cheese_n or_o butter_n especial_o cheese_n whence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o netherlands_o abound_v much_o in_o that_o commodity_n and_o only_o as_o be_v suppose_v through_o the_o plenty_n of_o that_o herb._n these_o and_o many_o other_o most_o rare_a and_o excellent_a plant_n there_o be_v which_o if_o they_o be_v advance_v or_o propagate_v that_o they_o may_v open_o manifest_v their_o worth_n may_v be_v of_o much_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o laborious_a husbandman_n than_o the_o short_a sour_a and_o natural_o wild_a and_o barren_a grass_n mix_v with_o a_o superabundant_a proportion_n of_o pernicious_a weed_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a service_n to_o the_o whole_a nation_n if_o those_o that_o have_v land_n enough_o will_v yearly_o prove_v some_o small_a proportion_n of_o these_o and_o other_o vegetable_n not_o yet_o bring_v into_o common_a use_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o will_v not_o only_o advance_v their_o own_o estate_n but_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o general_n and_o gain_v unto_o themselves_o a_o everlasting_a fame_n and_o honour_n as_o do_v the_o family_n of_o piso_n fabius_n lentulus_n and_o cicero_n by_o bring_v into_o use_n the_o several_a pulse_n now_o call_v by_o their_o name_n chap._n iu._n of_o arable_a land_n and_o
tillage_n and_o of_o the_o several_a grain_n pulse_n etc._n etc._n usual_o propagate_v by_o the_o plough_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o most_o worthy_a of_o our_o care_n be_v the_o arable_a land_n yield_v unto_o the_o laborious_a husbandman_n the_o most_o necessary_a sustentation_n this_o life_n require_v but_o not_o without_o industry_n and_o toil_n the_o plough_n be_v the_o most_o happy_a instrument_n that_o ever_o be_v discover_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o use_n whereof_o be_v by_o the_o heathen_n celebrate_v as_o a_o goddess_n prima_fw-la ceres_n ferro_fw-la mortales_fw-la vertere_fw-la terram_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n instituit_fw-la but_o the_o plough_n itself_o triptolemus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v invent_v pliny_n pliny_n this_o art_n be_v always_o in_o esteem_n as_o before_o in_o the_o preface_n we_o have_v show_v and_o from_o this_o part_n thereof_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a do_v it_o take_v its_o name_n of_o agriculture_n from_o the_o tilling_n of_o the_o land_n with_o the_o plough_n or_o with_o the_o spade_n the_o more_o ancient_a instrument_n though_o not_o more_o necessary_a and_o beneficial_a and_o since_o its_o first_o invention_n have_v there_o be_v many_o several_a improvement_n make_v of_o it_o for_o the_o more_o facile_a and_o commodious_a use_n thereof_o and_o every_o day_n almost_o and_o in_o every_o place_n do_v the_o ingenious_a husbandman_n endeavour_v to_o excel_v the_o slothful_a in_o this_o most_o necessary_a art_n that_o from_o a_o burdensome_a and_o toilsome_a labour_n it_o be_v in_o some_o place_n become_v but_o a_o please_a and_o profitable_a exercise_n and_o it_o be_v hope_v that_o by_o those_o precedent_n and_o example_n the_o more_o vulgar_a will_v be_v provoke_v to_o a_o more_o universal_a use_n of_o that_o which_o be_v best_a and_o most_o advantageous_a to_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o public_a more_o of_o this_o instrument_n see_v hereafter_o in_o this_o treatise_n sect_n i._o what_o land_n be_v improve_v by_o tillage_n non_fw-la omnis_fw-la fert_fw-la omne_fw-la tellus_fw-la every_o sort_n of_o land_n almost_o require_v a_o different_a husbandry_n some_o ground_n produce_v plenty_n of_o that_o which_o on_o another_o will_v not_o grow_v this_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a part_n of_o the_o husbandman_n skill_n to_o understand_v what_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o be_v propagate_v on_o each_o sort_n of_o land_n the_o strong_a and_o stiff_a ground_n receive_v the_o great_a improvement_n from_o the_o plough_n and_o the_o mellow_a warm_a and_o light_n from_o other_o plantation_n of_o fruit_n etc._n etc._n densa_fw-la magis_fw-la cereri_fw-la rarissima_fw-la quaeque_fw-la lyaeo_n virgil._n virgil._n although_o the_o best_a warm_a and_o light_a land_n yield_v most_o excellent_a corn_n yet_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o land_n yield_v not_o so_o good_a fruit_n plant_n grass_n hay_o etc._n etc._n also_o necessary_a for_o the_o husbandman_n therefore_o our_o principal_a design_n must_v be_v to_o appropriate_v each_o sort_n to_o that_o method_n of_o husbandry_n most_o natural_a unto_o it_o that_o where_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n differ_v which_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o the_o same_o parish_n and_o many_o time_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o farm_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o same_o field_n that_o there_o may_v be_v use_v a_o different_a way_n we_o have_v before_o discourse_v of_o what_o land_n be_v fit_a for_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n and_o now_o shall_v give_v you_o those_o direction_n i_o find_v to_o know_v what_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o the_o plough_n the_o strong_a and_o stiff_a as_o we_o say_v before_o and_o also_o the_o cold_a and_o moist_a and_o that_o which_o lie_v obvious_a to_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n as_o be_v most_o of_o the_o champion_n or_o field-land_n for_o there_o may_v be_v sow_o such_o seed_n that_o natural_o affect_v such_o place_n until_o they_o be_v reduce_v and_o better_o qualify_v by_o enclosure_n the_o first_o and_o main_a principle_n of_o improvement_n also_o mossy_a and_o rusty_a ground_n be_v much_o improve_v by_o plough_v and_o ground_n subject_a to_o pernicious_a weed_n may_v be_v much_o advantage_v by_o destroy_v the_o weed_n and_o propagate_a good_a corn_n or_o other_o tillage_n in_o the_o room_n thereof_o all_o clay_n stiff_a cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n be_v general_o thrice_o moist_a the_o manner_n of_o plough_v or_o husband_v each_o sort_n clay_n stiff_a cold_a and_o moist_a plough_v in_o the_o spring_n summer_n and_o at_o seedtime_n for_o wheat_n and_o four_o time_n for_o barley_n if_o it_o be_v the_o first_o grain_n sow_o after_o long_o rest_v which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v not_o usual_a these_o several_a ploughing_n or_o fallowing_n be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o ground_n in_o several_a respect_n 1._o it_o lay_v the_o ground_n by_o degree_n in_o ridge_n in_o such_o order_n as_o the_o nature_n thereof_o require_v for_o the_o more_o in_o number_n and_o the_o high_a the_o ridge_n the_o better_a they_o be_v for_o wheat_n which_o natural_o delight_v in_o a_o moist_a ground_n so_o that_o it_o be_v lay_v dry_a that_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v drown_v or_o over-glutted_n with_o water_n in_o moist_n year_n and_o this_o method_n of_o lay_v the_o ridge_n much_o prevent_v the_o blast_a of_o wheat_n for_o wheat_n be_v easy_o overcharge_v with_o water_n either_o in_o winter_n or_o summer_n 2._o this_o often_o stir_v the_o land_n make_v it_o light_n and_o fit_a for_o the_o seed_n to_o take_v root_n therein_o the_o clod_n be_v apt_a to_o dissolve_v by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o weather_n and_o often_o break_v by_o the_o plough_n 3._o it_o kill_v the_o weed_n which_o in_o strong_a land_n be_v apt_a to_o overrun_v the_o corn._n 4._o it_o fertilize_v land_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o full_a be_v some_o husbandman_n soil_n virgil_n also_o seem_v to_o hint_n as_o much_o where_o he_o say_v pingue_n solum_fw-la primis_fw-la exemplo_fw-la à _fw-la mensibus_fw-la anni_fw-la fort_n invertant_fw-la tauri_n glebasque_fw-la jacentes_fw-la pulverulenta_fw-la coquat_fw-la maturis_fw-la solibus_fw-la aestas_fw-la 5._o it_o defend_v the_o corn_n much_o from_o the_o extremity_n of_o wether_n especial_o cold_a wind_n for_o the_o more_o uneven_a any_o piece_n of_o land_n be_v the_o better_a it_o bear_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o winter_n for_o which_o reason_n in_o the_o open_a champion_n where_o the_o land_n be_v dry_a and_o they_o do_v not_o lay_v up_o their_o ridge_n as_o in_o other_o place_n yet_o they_o harrow_v it_o but_o little_a and_o leave_v it_o as_o rough_a as_o they_o can_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o to_o break_v the_o fleet_a wind_n the_o gardiner_n near_a london_n now_o seem_v to_o imitate_v this_o practice_n by_o lay_v their_o garden_n in_o ridge_n not_o only_o the_o better_a to_o shelter_v their_o seed_n from_o the_o cold_a wind_n but_o also_o to_o give_v it_o a_o advantage_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o i_o myself_o prove_v it_o many_o year_n since_o that_o pease_n sow_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o small_a bed_n so_o raise_v that_o they_o seem_v to_o respond_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n prosper_v well_o and_o pass_v the_o winter_n better_o and_o be_v much_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n than_o those_o otherwise_o plant_v but_o in_o case_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v barley_n first_o therein_o after_o the_o three_o fallow_v it_o must_v lie_v over_o the_o winter_n that_o the_o frost_n may_v the_o better_a temper_n it_o for_o the_o seedtime_n when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v plough_v again_o if_o for_o pease_n or_o bean_n once_o fallow_v before_o winter_n serve_v the_o turn_n if_o it_o have_v a_o good_a sward_n or_o turf_n on_o it_o i_o rather_o advise_v you_o to_o denshire_n or_o burn_v it_o the_o summer_n before_o you_o sow_v it_o this_o be_v the_o more_o expeditious_a and_o advantageous_a way_n it_o spend_v the_o acid_n moisture_n a_o enemy_n to_o vegetation_n it_o kill_v the_o weed_n and_o bring_v the_o land_n quick_o to_o a_o 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it_o down_o it_o may_v yield_v a_o very_a good_a grass_n after_o the_o corn_n be_v carry_v off_o and_o soon_o come_v to_o a_o sward_n the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v in_o height_n according_a as_o it_o be_v inclinable_a to_o moisture_n or_o drought_n new_a break_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v sow_v with_o pease_n the_o first_o year_n save_v one_o plough_v and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o herbage_n the_o summer_n before_o it_o also_o destroy_v the_o weed_n and_o better_a prepare_v the_o land_n for_o any_o other_o grain_n in_o every_o part_n of_o england_n there_o be_v much_o waste_a land_n and_o other_o land_n poor_a and_o barren_a land_n old_a pasture_n that_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o barren_a land_n although_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o good_a husbandry_n it_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o tillage_n and_o become_v very_o fruitful_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o husbandman_n in_o particular_a and_o commonwealth_n in_o general_a as_o be_v evident_a in_o many_o particular_a parcel_n late_o enclose_v and_o take_v out_o of_o the_o suppose_a barren_a heath_n and_o commons_o that_o be_v now_o fruitful_a field_n therefore_o before_o any_o thing_n considerable_a can_v be_v effect_v to_o the_o improvement_n and_o right_n order_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n the_o design_n of_o enclosure_n ought_v to_o be_v serious_o prosecute_v but_o for_o such_o that_o be_v already_o enclose_v and_o yet_o remain_v barren_a and_o unfruitful_a it_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n of_o the_o ill_a management_n of_o the_o proprietor_n or_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o possession_n have_v but_o a_o short_a time_n or_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o nature_n and_o order_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o which_o be_v too_o common_a that_o the_o present_a charge_n of_o good_a husbandry_n exceed_v a_o ill_a husband_n store_n his_o poor_a and_o beggarly_a farm_n have_v waste_v what_o he_o have_v and_o he_o have_v no_o more_o to_o try_v new_a conclusion_n withal_o and_o in_o this_o condition_n be_v abundance_n of_o land_n in_o this_o kingdom_n barren_a land_n poor_a cattle_n and_o bad_a corn_n do_v insensible_o as_o it_o be_v devour_v we_o because_o once_o in_o five_o or_o seven_o year_n in_o a_o very_a wet_a summer_n or_o suchlike_a when_o the_o rich_a vale_n suffer_v these_o barren_a land_n yield_v a_o considerable_a advantage_n which_o as_o a_o lottery_n encourage_v we_o to_o beggary_n the_o best_a and_o speedy_a way_n to_o reduce_v these_o land_n that_o have_v long_o lie_v untilled_a and_o that_o have_v a_o sward_n either_o of_o sour_a grass_n or_o of_o rush_n weed_n or_o suchlike_a or_o of_o heathy_a goss_n fern_n or_o broom_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o have_v contract_v a_o evil_a juice_n injurious_a to_o vegetation_n and_o withal_o a_o fertile_a terrestrial_a salt_n the_o best_a way_n i_o say_v to_o improve_v and_o reduce_v these_o land_n into_o tillage_n be_v to_o burn_v boot_n or_o denshire_v they_o as_o be_v hereafter_o show_v which_o way_n be_v use_v on_o the_o barren_a and_o poor_a land_n in_o england_n or_o wales_n where_o before_o hardly_o any_o thing_n will_v grow_v now_o will_v grow_v as_o good_a wheat_n or_o other_o grain_n as_o on_o the_o best_a land_n you_o have_v many_o precedent_n hereof_o there_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o england_n where_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n by_o this_o only_a mean_n the_o husbandman_n gain_v as_o much_o above_o all_o expense_n as_o the_o purchase_n of_o the_o land_n be_v worth_a before_o observe_v only_o this_o caution_n that_o you_o be_v not_o too_o greedy_a to_o sow_v it_o so_o often_o till_o you_o have_v draw_v out_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o land_n which_o then_o it_o will_v easy_o yield_v that_o it_o must_v lie_v rest_v many_o year_n to_o gain_v a_o sward_n again_o nor_o that_o you_o expend_v the_o soil_n make_v of_o the_o straw_n on_o other_o land_n which_o ill_a husbandry_n be_v general_o use_v that_o it_o bring_v a_o ill_a name_n on_o this_o part_n of_o improvement_n which_o if_o well_o soil_v and_o lay_v for_o pasture_n after_o two_o crop_n will_v yield_v a_o very_a good_a grass_n as_o i_o have_v see_v experience_v or_o else_o may_v be_v sow_v with_o new_a hays_n or_o grass_n sect_n ii_o of_o digging_z of_o land_n for_o corn._n the_o spade_n seem_v to_o contend_v with_o the_o plough_n for_o antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v in_o use_n before_o it_o the_o spade_n be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o simple_a instrument_n and_o withal_o the_o laborious_a the_o plough_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o invention_n for_o expedition_n ease_n and_o advantage_n to_o which_o general_o all_o new_a invention_n shall_v tend_v but_o that_o now_o at_o last_o the_o spade_n shall_v supplant_v the_o plough_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o as_o the_o one_o be_v necessary_a and_o useful_a for_o the_o better_a propagate_a of_o plant_n that_o take_v deep_a root_n so_o be_v the_o other_o as_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a for_o such_o that_o root_n more_o shallow_a as_o corn_n and_o pulse_n usual_o do_v other_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o loosen_a and_o temper_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o seed_n the_o better_a to_o extend_v and_o spread_v their_o root_n and_o for_o the_o better_a bury_n and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n these_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n than_o the_o depth_n only_o but_o all_o these_o by_o a_o judicious_a and_o industrious_a husbandman_n be_v remedy_v and_o perform_v by_o the_o plough_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o spade_n for_o if_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n will_v bear_v it_o or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o seed_n you_o sow_n require_v it_o a_o double_a plough_n the_o one_o succeed_v dig_v deep_o plough_v as_o good_a as_o dig_v the_o other_o in_o depth_n may_v be_v make_v or_o the_o labour_n may_v be_v perform_v by_o two_o plough_n the_o one_o follow_v the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o furrow_n but_o if_o a_o plough_n be_v artificial_o make_v and_o set_v to_o work_v deep_a although_o yond_o plough_n the_o less_o in_o a_o day_n it_o will_v stir_v the_o land_n deep_a enough_o for_o any_o of_o our_o usual_a grain_n or_o pulse_n and_o as_o for_o break_v or_o temper_v the_o land_n and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n plough_v and_o cross_a plough_v at_o several_a season_n will_v do_v more_o and_o at_o less_o expense_n than_o once_o dig_v can_v do_v and_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v draw_v over_o the_o same_o before_o your_o last_o plough_v a_o large_a kind_n of_o harrow_n very_o heavy_a or_o with_o a_o sufficient_a weight_n on_o it_o which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v usual_o call_v drag_v this_o extremity_n be_v only_o necessary_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o stiff_a land_n other_o light_a be_v much_o more_o easy_o manage_v mr._n platt_n in_o his_o adam_n tool_n revive_v or_o his_o new_a art_n of_o set_v corn_n where_o he_o so_o much_o contend_v for_o the_o spade_n give_v this_o instance_n of_o the_o plough_n that_o a_o parcel_n of_o land_n first_o cross_v plough_v with_o a_o deep-cutting_a plough_n and_o then_o plough_v over_o the_o three_o time_n with_o a_o shallow_a plough_n that_o make_v very_o close_a and_o narrow_a furrow_n than_o be_v the_o seed_n sow_o by_o a_o skilful_a sower_n and_o then_o harrow_v over_o yield_v fifteen_o quarter_n on_o each_o acre_n so_o till_v and_o sow_o i_o presume_v if_o this_o relation_n may_v upon_o experience_n prove_v true_a that_o none_o will_v be_v so_o much_o conceit_v of_o a_o novelty_n as_o to_o desert_n this_o method_n of_o agriculture_n for_o that_o tedious_a and_o costly_a way_n of_o the_o spade_n but_o in_o case_n it_o do_v not_o annual_o amount_v unto_o such_o a_o prodigious_a increase_n as_o this_o precedent_n yet_o do_v it_o plain_o evidence_n that_o good_a culture_n do_v infinite_o meliorate_v the_o land_n and_o advance_v the_o crop_n and_o manifold_o repay_v the_o expense_n and_o labour_n bestow_v thereon_o which_o be_v the_o most_o you_o can_v expect_v of_o the_o spade_n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o different_a species_n of_o grain_n corn_n pulse_n etc._n etc._n usual_o sow_o or_o necessary_a to_o be_v propagate_v in_o our_o countryfarm_n there_o be_v not_o any_o grain_n more_o universal_o useful_a and_o necessary_a wheat_n wheat_n than_o wheat_n whereof_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n some_o more_o agreeable_a and_o better_a thrive_a on_o some_o sort_n of_o land_n than_o on_o other_o that_o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o husbandman_n advantage_n right_o to_o understand_v the_o natural_a temper_n of_o his_o land_n and_o what_o species_n of_o grain_n and_o particular_a sort_n of_o such_o grain_n best_o agree_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o land_n as_o some_o sort_n of_o land_n bear_v pulse_n better_a than_o corn_n and_o some_o bear_v barley_n better_o than_o wheat_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o wheat_n
it_o and_o prefer_v it_o before_o any_o other_o every_o countryman_n also_o have_v the_o experience_n of_o it_o by_o feed_v of_o cattle_n on_o the_o fall_v hedge_n where_o the_o ashen-bough_n be_v first_o chew_v even_o to_o admiration_n before_o any_o other_o by_o the_o tender-mouthed_a heifer_n for_o fire_v there_o be_v no_o wood_n comparable_a to_o it_o for_o a_o light_n sweet_a burn_a it_o will_v also_o burn_v better_a new_o cut_v than_o any_o other_o wood._n the_o only_a season_n for_o set_v the_o ash_n for_o use_v be_v from_o november_n till_o the_o end_n of_o january_n for_o if_o the_o sap_n be_v never_o so_o little_a in_o the_o tree_n the_o worm_n take_v it_o and_o spoil_v the_o wood_n in_o a_o short_a time_n there_o be_v no_o timber_n of_o so_o speedy_a a_o growth_n as_o the_o ash_n that_o it_o be_v relate_v that_o a_o ash_n at_o forty_o year_n growth_n from_o the_o key_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o thirty_o pound_n mr._n blithe_n also_o insert_v a_o precedent_n of_o a_o nursery_n of_o young_a ash_n that_o be_v casual_o sow_o by_o the_o wind_n that_o speedy_o return_v to_o the_o owner_n a_o very_a great_a advantage_n because_o this_o tree_n be_v more_o general_o plant_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o walnut-tree_n of_o the_o walnut-tree_n fruit_n than_o the_o timber_n we_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o the_o chapter_n of_o fruit-tree_n only_o let_v you_o know_v that_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o walnut-tree_n be_v of_o so_o great_a use_n and_o benefit_n that_o its_o encouragement_n sufficient_a for_o the_o propagation_n thereof_o the_o fruit_n then_o add_v make_v the_o encouragement_n the_o great_a this_o timber_n be_v of_o universal_a use_n unless_o for_o outward_a edifice_n none_o better_a for_o the_o joiner_n upholsterer_n gunsmith_n cabinet-maker_n and_o other_o occupation_n of_o a_o more_o curious_a brown_a colour_n than_o the_o beech_n or_o other_o wood_n and_o not_o so_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n they_o delight_v in_o a_o light_a ground_n or_o moist_a gravel_n and_o will_v grow_v chesnut-tree_n of_o the_o chesnut-tree_n in_o clay_n sand_n and_o all_o mix_a soil_n upon_o expose_v and_o bleak_a place_n as_o more_o patient_a of_o cold_a than_o heat_n they_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o nut_n thus_o first_o spread_v they_o to_o propagation_n propagation_n sweat_v then_o cover_v they_o in_o sand_n a_o month_n be_v pass_v plunge_v they_o in_o water_n and_o reject_v those_o that_o swim_v be_v dry_v for_o thirty_o day_n more_o sand_n they_o again_o and_o plunge_v they_o as_o before_o keep_v they_o in_o sand_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o set_v they_o in_o your_o nursery_n but_o they_o thrive_v best_a unremoved_a you_o may_v also_o set_v they_o in_o winter_n or_o autumn_n in_o or_o without_o their_o husk_n and_o sow_v they_o with_o other_o mast_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o coppice_n the_o chesnut-tree_n grow_v in_o coppice_n yield_v incomparable_a use_n pole_n for_o the_o garden_n or_o hop-yard_n if_o it_o like_v the_o ground_n it_o will_v in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n time_n grow_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o timber_n and_o bear_v plentiful_a fruit._n the_o timber_n whereof_o be_v next_o the_o oak_n one_o of_o the_o most-sought_a after_o by_o the_o carpenter_n and_o joyner_n and_o be_v of_o very_o long_o last_v as_o appear_v by_o many_o ancient_a house_n and_o barn_n build_v thereof_o about_o gravesend_n in_o kent_n be_v plant_v in_o hedge-row_n or_o for_o avenue_n to_o our_o country-house_n they_o be_v a_o magnificent_a and_o royal_a ornament_n and_o although_o our_o englishmen_n delight_v not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o chesnut-tree_n as_o other_o nation_n yet_o will_v they_o yield_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o supply_v our_o other_o occasion_n this_o tree_n delight_v in_o reasonable_a good_a ground_n rather_o incline_v service-tree_n the_o service-tree_n to_o cold_a than_o overhot_a for_o in_o place_n that_o be_v too_o dry_a they_o never_o bear_v kind_o they_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o berry_n which_o be_v ripe_a may_v be_v propagation_n propagation_n sow_o as_o other_o mast_n these_o will_v come_v soon_o to_o be_v tree_n and_o be_v plant_v young_a thrive_v exceed_o the_o best_a and_o speedy_a way_n be_v to_o increase_v they_o from_o sucker_n or_o set_v the_o timber_n be_v useful_a for_o the_o joiner_n and_o be_v of_o a_o very_a delicate_a use_n grain_n be_v fit_a for_o divers_a curiosity_n it_o also_o yield_v beam_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n for_o building_n the_o shade_n be_v beautiful_a for_o walk_n and_o the_o fruit_n not_o unpleasant_a sect_n iii_o of_o several_a other_o tree_n not_o so_o general_o make_v use_n of_o for_o timber_n as_o for_o fuel_n coppice-wood_n hedge-row_n etc._n etc._n the_o birch_n will_v grow_v on_o any_o land_n and_o can_v well_o be_v too_o barren_a birch_n the_o birch_n it_o will_v thrive_v on_o the_o hot_a burn_a sand_n in_o the_o cold_a wet_a clay_n marsh_n bog_n and_o stony_a place_n no_o place_n come_v amiss_o to_o it_o the_o birch_n be_v altogether_o produce_v of_o sucker_n which_o be_v propagation_n propagation_n plant_v at_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n interval_n will_v sudden_o rise_v to_o tree_n after_o the_o first_o year_n you_o may_v cut_v they_o within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o they_o will_v shoot_v out_o very_o strong_o it_o be_v useful_a for_o the_o turner_n and_o for_o some_o rustic_a utensil_n it_o use_v make_v good_a fuel_n and_o charcoal_n both_o great_a and_o small_a this_o tree_n yield_v the_o best_a sap_n of_o any_o tree_n in_o england_n and_o the_o most_o in_o quantity_n prepare_v either_o with_o honey_n or_o sugar_n into_o a_o wine_n which_o be_v now_o frequent_o make_v have_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o birch-wine_n be_v a_o very_a pleasant_a and_o innocent_a liquor_n and_o retain_v a_o very_a fine_a flavour_n of_o the_o tree_n it_o come_v from_o where_o this_o tree_n plentiful_o grow_v great_a quantity_n of_o this_o liquor_n may_v be_v extract_v by_o cut_v off_o some_o small_a branch_n and_o hang_v of_o bottle_n with_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bottle_n into_o which_o the_o crystalline_a liquor_n will_v distil_v several_a bottle_n may_v thus_o hang_v on_o one_o tree_n or_o by_o bore_v or_o cut_v any_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o by_o a_o chip_n or_o the_o like_a to_o guide_v the_o sap_n into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n by_o either_o of_o which_o way_n great_a quantity_n of_o this_o liquor_n may_v be_v extract_v in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n or_o beginning_n of_o march_n when_o the_o sap_n ascend_v and_o before_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o leaf_n it_o will_v run_v free_o when_o the_o wind_n be_v south_n or_o west_n or_o the_o sun_n shine_v warm_a but_o not_o so_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v very_o cold_a or_o in_o the_o nighttime_n some_o have_v report_v that_o a_o birch-tree_n will_v yield_v in_o 12_o or_o 14_o day_n its_o own_o weight_n in_o this_o liquor_n i_o shall_v not_o 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seed_n sow_o in_o october_n which_o be_v ripe_a in_o august_n it_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a wood_n for_o the_o mill-wright_n for_o domestic_a or_o use_v rural_a utensil_n where_o hardness_n be_v require_v be_v plant_v at_o half_a a_o yard_n interval_n in_o a_o single_a row_n it_o make_v a_o stately_a hedge_n or_o walk_n in_o a_o garden_n or_o park_n grow_v tall_a and_o speedy_a leave_v to_o the_o very_a foot_n of_o the_o stem_n it_o delight_v in_o mountain_n and_o wood_n and_o to_o fix_v itself_o in_o good_a quick-beam_n the_o quick-beam_n light_a ground_n the_o set_v may_v be_v plant_v as_o the_o ash_n or_o the_o berry_n ripe_a in_o october_n use_n propagation_n and_o use_n may_v be_v sow_o it_o be_v a_o quick-growing_a coppice-wood_n be_v good_a for_o some_o ordinary_a use_n and_o for_o fuel_n this_o tree_n above_o all_o affect_v cold_a
will_v not_o admit_v thereof_o in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o plant_n may_v by_o the_o care_n and_o diligence_n of_o the_o planter_n overcome_v those_o inconvenience_n or_o obstruction_n let_v not_o the_o ground_n wherein_o you_o plant_v apple_n be_v too_o much_o enrich_v with_o dung_n they_o require_v rather_o a_o vulgar_a and_o ordinary_a light_n mould_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n or_o quantity_n of_o your_o ground_n or_o tree_n tree_n 3_o the_o distance_n of_o tree_n may_v the_o distance_n be_v but_o the_o usual_a distance_n and_o most_o convenient_a for_o appletree_n or_o pear-tree_n for_o a_o orchard_n may_v be_v from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o foot_n if_o you_o expect_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n under_o and_o between_o they_o either_o for_o grass_n or_o tillage_n or_o that_o you_o plant_v they_o in_o your_o field_n or_o pasture_n then_o from_o thirty_o to_o sixty_o foot_n may_v your_o distance_n be_v the_o far_a distance_n they_o be_v the_o more_o benefit_n and_o refreshment_n do_v they_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n the_o fruit_n be_v much_o the_o better_a and_o the_o tree_n prosper_v the_o better_a also_o and_o if_o they_o be_v too_o near_o together_o the_o ground_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o no_o advantage_n under_o they_o neither_o do_v the_o tree_n thrive_v so_o well_o nor_o be_v so_o fertile_a cherry-tree_n plum-tree_n quince-tree_n and_o such_o like_a may_v be_v plant_v about_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n which_o be_v sufficient_a wall-tree_n may_v be_v plant_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o the_o height_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v the_o high_a the_o wall_n the_o near_a together_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o low_a the_o wall_n the_o far_a distance_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o room_n to_o spread_v in_o breadth_n which_o they_o want_v in_o height_n vine_n require_v a_o more_o spacious_a and_o ample_a wall_n or_o place_n to_o spread_v against_o than_o any_o other_o fruit_n next_o to_o that_o the_o pear_n than_o the_o aprecock_n the_o peach_n the_o nectorine_n and_o then_o the_o cherry_n the_o may-cherry_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o distance_n of_o other_o small_a tree_n as_o filberd_n goosberry_n currant_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v plant_v they_o at_o such_o convenient_a distance_n that_o the_o branch_n may_v not_o entangle_v the_o one_o in_o the_o other_o according_a to_o your_o own_o discretion_n codling_n cherry_n plum_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v plant_v to_o make_v hedge_n withal_o and_o then_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v near_o together_o the_o near_a the_o soon_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hedge_n the_o far_a distance_n the_o more_o fruit_n will_v they_o bear_v but_o not_o so_o soon_o a_o hedge_n if_o you_o design_v to_o fill_v your_o plat_v of_o ground_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n for_o your_o great_a advantage_n then_o plant_v several_a row_v of_o apple_n and_o pear-tree_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o each_o row_n but_o the_o row_v of_o a_o far_a distance_n each_o from_o the_o other_o and_o then_o about_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n on_o each_o side_n the_o row_v of_o the_o great_a tree_n plant_v a_o row_n of_o cherry_n plum_n or_o such_o like_a tree_n of_o a_o lesser_a stature_n or_o growth_n and_o near_a together_o than_o the_o apple_n or_o pear-tree_n next_o unto_o they_o also_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n a_o row_n of_o filberd_n and_o next_o unto_o they_o goosberry_n currant_n raspberry_n or_o such_o like_a small_a fruit_n leave_v only_o a_o walk_n between_o the_o lesser_a tree_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v the_o whole_a ground_n be_v supply_v and_o by_o that_o time_n that_o the_o great_a tree_n be_v grow_v to_o any_o competent_a stature_n the_o lesser_a will_v be_v decay_v that_o the_o great_a tree_n may_v have_v the_o sole_a predominancy_n but_o the_o most_o complete_a order_n in_o the_o plant_n of_o a_o orchard_n of_o the_o large_a fruit-tree_n be_v that_o which_o they_o term_v the_o quincunx_fw-la by_o plant_v they_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n every_o way_n only_o with_o this_o observation_n that_o every_o tree_n of_o the_o second_o row_n may_v stand_v against_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o space_n of_o the_o first_o in_o the_o three_o against_o the_o space_n of_o the_o second_o and_o so_o throughout_o which_o make_v it_o appear_v please_v to_o the_o eye_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o orchard_n soever_o you_o stand_v in_o plant_v of_o tree_n observe_v this_o rule_n that_o if_o the_o crookedness_n of_o the_o tree_n will_v enforce_v you_o to_o plant_v it_o lean_v or_o tend_v any_o way_n let_v it_o be_v to_o the_o west_n from_o whence_o the_o strong_a wind_n blow_v or_o to_o such_o coast_n your_o orchard_n be_v most_o obvious_a sect_n x._o of_o the_o prune_v of_o tree_n it_o conduce_v very_o much_o to_o the_o proof_n and_o growth_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o be_v prune_v or_o the_o unnecessary_a and_o injurious_a branch_n to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o skilful_a hand_n of_o the_o husbandman_n when_o your_o graff_n be_v grow_v half_o a_o yard_n high_a those_o you_o find_v tree_n 1_o the_o prune_n of_o young_a tree_n to_o shoot_v up_o in_o one_o lance_n pinch_v off_o their_o tender_a top_n which_o will_v prevent_v their_o mount_a and_o cause_v they_o to_o put_v forth_o side-branche_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o guide_v a_o tree_n either_o to_o grow_v or_o extend_v itself_o in_o height_n or_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o spread_v in_o breadth_n it_o give_v not_o that_o wound_n to_o tree_n that_o incision_n or_o lance_n usual_o do_v and_o beside_o this_o may_v be_v do_v at_o that_o season_n when_o the_o take_n away_o of_o a_o bud_n prevent_v the_o expense_n of_o sap_n in_o waste_n and_o divert_v its_o course_n to_o other_o necessary_a to_o remain_v in_o march_n be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o take_v away_o the_o small_a and_o superfluous_a branch_n give_v the_o lance_n close_o behind_o a_o bud_n a_o thing_n to_o be_v special_o observe_v in_o prune_v wall-tree_n be_v to_o be_v prune_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n wall-tree_n 2_o of_o wall-tree_n in_o the_o summer_n about_o june_n or_o july_n you_o may_v take_v of_o such_o superfluous_a sprig_n or_o shoot_v of_o the_o same_o year_n growth_n off_o from_o vine_n aprecock_n or_o other_o tree_n that_o put_v forth_o many_o large_a shoot_n that_o impede_fw-la the_o fruit_n from_o its_o due_a maturation_n and_o contract_n much_o of_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o themselves_o and_o thereby_o rob_v the_o other_o in_o the_o winter_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o leaf_n be_v off_o the_o tree_n you_o may_v prune_n and_o cut_v away_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o place_v those_o that_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v leave_v in_o order_n this_o work_n may_v be_v continue_v throughout_o the_o winter_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sap_n except_o in_o great_a frost_n when_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o wound_v the_o vine_n or_o any_o other_o tender_a plant_n some_o hold_n february_n to_o be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o plash_n prune_n and_o nail_v tree_n after_o the_o great_a frost_n be_v past_a except_o peach_n and_o nectorine_n which_o be_v cut_v before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v apt_a to_o die_v after_o the_o knife_n and_o so_o stump_n and_o deform_v the_o tree_n therefore_o such_o must_v be_v leave_v till_o they_o begin_v to_o put_v forth_o bud_n and_o blossom_n the_o great_a tree_n in_o your_o garden_n orchard_n field_n etc._n etc._n tree_n 3_o the_o prune_n of_o old_a tree_n may_v be_v prune_v in_o october_n november_n or_o thenceforward_o to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sap._n observe_v to_o cut_v away_o superfluous_a branch_n such_o as_o cross_v one_o the_o other_o as_o grow_v too_o thick_a or_o that_o offend_v any_o other_o tree_n or_o place_n or_o that_o be_v break_v bruise_a or_o decay_a the_o tree_n will_v be_v the_o better_o preserve_v and_o the_o remain_a branch_n will_v yield_v the_o great_a increase_n in_o prune_v of_o tree_n especial_o the_o wall-tree_n be_v sure_a to_o leave_v tree_n other_o observation_n in_o prune_a tree_n the_o small_a twig_n that_o be_v short_a and_o knit_a to_o blossom_v the_o succeed_a year_n for_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o most_o aprecock_n peach_n plum_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n hang_v on_o those_o sprig_n be_v usual_o of_o two_o year_n growth_n these_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v careful_o nourish_v and_o not_o cut_v off_o as_o be_v usual_a to_o beautify_v the_o tree_n by_o this_o very_a observation_n your_o wall_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o fruit_n when_o your_o neighbour_n have_v but_o few_o in_o wall-fruit_n cut_v off_o all_o gross_a shoot_n however_o fair_a they_o seem_v to_o the_o eye_n that_o will_v not_o without_o much_o bend_n
water_n from_o the_o earth_n into_o it_o much_o land_n there_o be_v in_o england_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o very_a great_a etc._n stone_n shrub_n etc._n etc._n improvement_n by_o remove_v those_o common_a and_o stubborn_a obstacle_n as_o stone_n shrub_n goss_n broom_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v natural_o produce_v in_o many_o place_n and_o the_o fainthearted_a lazy_a and_o sometime_o beggarly_a husbandman_n have_v rather_o let_v they_o grow_v and_o suck_v out_o the_o marrow_n and_o fat_a of_o his_o land_n than_o bestow_v any_o cost_n or_o pain_n to_o remove_v they_o and_o be_v content_v with_o now_o and_o then_o a_o bundle_n of_o bush_n etc._n etc._n when_o the_o removal_n of_o they_o will_v not_o only_o be_v a_o improvement_n of_o his_o land_n by_o their_o absence_n but_o the_o material_n themselves_o by_o a_o right_n and_o judicious_a way_n of_o order_v they_o may_v become_v also_o a_o additional_a improvement_n as_o first_o of_o stone_n which_o be_v pick_v up_o and_o lay_v on_o heap_n about_o the_o root_n of_o either_o fruit_n or_o timber-tree_n plant_v on_o the_o bound_n and_o in_o row_v on_o the_o land_n be_v a_o very_a great_a help_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o such_o tree_n and_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o carry_v they_o off_o the_o ground_n which_o charge_v usual_o exceed_v the_o charge_n of_o pick_v they_o up_o this_o only_a where_o stone_n offend_v or_o be_v injurious_a shrub_n goss_n broom_n etc._n etc._n prove_v a_o very_a great_a annoyance_n to_o husbandry_n and_o the_o difficulty_n and_o charge_n in_o pluck_v they_o up_o be_v the_o principal_a impediment_n to_o their_o removal_n to_o such_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o most_o dextrous_a way_n use_v to_o that_o purpose_n the_o best_a whereof_o i_o find_v to_o be_v this_o describe_v by_o mr._n plat_v viz._n a_o very_a strong_a instrument_n of_o iron_n like_v unto_o a_o dung-fork_n with_o three_o grain_n or_o tines_n only_o much_o big_a according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o shrub_n you_o use_v it_o about_o the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o long_a stail_n or_o handle_v like_o a_o leaver_n now_o set_v this_o instrument_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o root_n slopewise_o and_o with_o a_o hedging-beetle_n drive_v it_o in_o a_o good_a depth_n then_o lift_v up_o the_o stail_n and_o place_n under_o it_o across_o a_o iron-bar_n or_o suchlike_a fulciment_n to_o keep_v it_o straight_o and_o that_o it_o sink_v not_o into_o the_o ground_n then_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o cord_n that_o before_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stail_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n may_v you_o eradicate_v any_o shrub_n etc._n etc._n if_o it_o will_v not_o do_v at_o once_o place_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n etc._n etc._n these_o bush_n brake_n and_o suchlike_a though_o they_o be_v of_o little_a worth_n or_o use_n for_o any_o other_o thing_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o necessary_a and_o beneficial_a to_o improve_v the_o land_n by_o burn_v they_o be_v dry_a either_o by_o themselves_o or_o under_o heap_n of_o turf_n earth_n etc._n etc._n as_o before_o 5._o chap._n 5._o be_v observe_v some_o land_n be_v more_o prone_a and_o subject_a to_o weed_n and_o that_o in_o weed_n weed_n some_o year_n than_o other_o which_o be_v often_o occasion_v by_o water_n stand_v on_o it_o destroy_v the_o corn_n and_o such_o seed_n that_o be_v usual_o sow_o in_o it_o and_o nourish_v such_o weed_n that_o most_o delight_n in_o moisture_n the_o only_a remedy_n whereof_o be_v to_o lay_v it_o dry_a and_o add_v some_o convenient_a dry_n and_o lighten_v material_n or_o compost_n thereon_o as_o sand_n ash_n etc._n etc._n also_o some_o sort_n of_o dung_n or_o manure_n cause_v weed_n as_o dung_n make_v of_o straw_n hawm_n fern_n or_o suchlike_a lay_v on_o land_n in_o any_o great_a quantity_n without_o any_o other_o mixture_n of_o horse-dung_n sheeps-dung_n lime_n ash_n or_o suchlike_a hot_a compost_n which_o do_v in_o some_o measure_n correct_v the_o cold_a and_o sluggish_a quality_n of_o it_o but_o in_o some_o year_n and_o on_o some_o land_n any_o ordinary_a cold_a dung_n beget_v weed_n which_o injure_v the_o corn_n more_o than_o the_o fatness_n of_o the_o dung_n advantage_n therefore_o lime_n marle_n chalk_n ash_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o most_o land_n weed_n in_o pasture-land_n be_v best_a destroy_v by_o burn_v of_o it_o in_o turf_n as_o before_o we_o discover_v or_o by_o plough_v of_o it_o without_o 5._o chap._n 5._o burn_v rush_n flage_n and_o suchlike_a aquaticks_n be_v best_a destroy_v by_o etc._n rush_n flag_n etc._n etc._n drain_n so_o that_o you_o cut_v your_o drain_v below_o the_o root_n thereof_o that_o it_o may_v take_v away_o the_o matter_n that_o feed_v they_o the_o sowthistle_n prove_v a_o great_a annoyance_n to_o some_o land_n by_o sowthistle_n sowthistle_n kill_v the_o grass_n corn_n etc._n etc._n although_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a token_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o land_n the_o way_n to_o destroy_v they_o be_v to_o cut_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n before_o feeding-time_n the_o advantage_n you_o will_v receive_v will_v answer_v your_o expense_n and_o more_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v this_o so_o common_a and_o know_v a_o annoyance_n fern._n fern._n be_v to_o mow_v it_o off_o in_o the_o spring_n whether_o with_o a_o iron_n or_o wooden_a since_o it_o matter_n not_o for_o it_o will_v easy_o break_v which_o work_v reiterate_v the_o same_o year_n as_o fast_o as_o it_o grow_v and_o it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v that_o it_o will_v kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o fern_n for_o ever_o after_o improvement_n and_o better_v the_o land_n by_o soil_v marling_n or_o liming_n etc._n etc._n be_v also_o a_o principal_a remedy_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o broom_n furze_n heath_n and_o other_o suchlike_a trumpery_n that_o delight_n only_o in_o barren_a land_n very_o much_o differ_v from_o mildew_n be_v the_o blight_v of_o corn_n smut_n blight_n and_o smut_n the_o mildew_n proceed_v from_o a_o different_a cause_n and_o happen_v only_o in_o dry_a summer_n when_o on_o the_o contrary_a blight_n happen_v in_o wet_a and_o be_v also_o occasion_v through_o the_o too_o much_o fatness_n and_o rankness_n in_o land_n as_o be_v observe_v that_o strong_a land_n be_v usual_o sow_o with_o barley_n pease_n or_o suchlike_a to_o abate_v the_o fertility_n thereof_o before_o it_o be_v sow_o with_o wheat_n which_o will_v otherwise_o be_v subject_a to_o blight_n or_o blast_v also_o wheat_n sow_o on_o level_n or_o low_a land_n in_o moist_a year_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o inconvenience_n for_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o wheat_n that_o grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ridge_n in_o moist_a year_n to_o be_v better_a and_o free_a than_o what_o grow_v in_o the_o furrow_n which_o be_v usual_o blight_v by_o mean_n of_o water_n and_o fatness_n lie_v more_o about_o it_o than_o the_o other_o for_o wheat_n natural_o affect_v to_o be_v keep_v dry_a on_o moist_a and_o strong_a ground_n therefore_o as_o moisture_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o ground_n together_o occasion_n this_o disease_n by_o know_v thereof_o you_o may_v easy_o remedy_v it_o by_o lay_v your_o land_n on_o high_a ridge_n which_o if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o rich_a the_o wheat_n grow_v thereon_o will_v hardly_o be_v blight_v if_o not_o overcome_v with_o moisture_n smut_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n therefore_o need_v we_o smut_n smut_n to_o say_v the_o less_o only_o that_o sometime_o smuttiness_n proceed_v from_o other_o cause_n as_o by_o sow_v of_o smutty-corn_n by_o soil_v the_o land_n with_o rot_a vegetable_n as_o straw_n hawm_n fern_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v that_o the_o smutty_a grain_n of_o wheat_n be_v sow_o will_v grow_v and_o produce_v ear_n of_o smut_n but_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v and_o shall_v therefore_o suspend_v the_o belief_n thereof_o till_o i_o have_v the_o sow_a 〈◊〉_d wheat_n that_o be_v mix_v with_o smut_n do_v general_o produce_v a_o smutty_a crop_n whether_o the_o smut_n itself_o grow_v or_o not_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o prepare_v by_o lime_v of_o it_o which_o be_v thus_o do_v first_o slake_v your_o lime_n and_o then_o moisten_v your_o corn_n and_o stir_v they_o well_o together_o etc._n etc._n and_o sow_v it_o or_o by_o steep_v of_o it_o in_o brine_n either_o of_o which_o be_v good_a prevention_n against_o the_o smut_n you_o may_v also_o prepare_v the_o ground_n by_o liming_n or_o other_o way_n of_o enrich_v it_o with_o sharp_a or_o saline_a dung_n or_o soil_n and_o it_o will_v produce_v corn_n free_a from_o smut_n for_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o land_n often_o sow_o with_o the_o same_o grain_n or_o much_o out_o of_o heart_n produce_v a_o smutty_a crop_n as_o may_v be_v
themselves_o do_v not_o only_o acquire_v a_o honourable_a and_o a_o immortal_a name_n by_o their_o write_n and_o precept_n in_o this_o art_n leave_v to_o posterity_n but_o have_v also_o diligent_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o countryman_n and_o wrought_v with_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o obtain_v thereby_o not_o a_o little_a fame_n and_o renown_n for_o which_o cause_n xenophon_n in_o his_o elegant_a tract_n of_o economic_n tell_v you_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v of_o a_o more_o regal_a or_o noble_a estimation_n and_o splendour_n than_o judicious_a agriculture_n socrates_n also_o give_v you_o a_o relation_n how_o cyrus_n that_o most_o renown_a king_n of_o persia_n a_o man_n of_o a_o sublime_a wit_n and_o most_o illustrious_a fame_n when_o lysander_n of_o lacedemonia_fw-la a_o man_n endow_v with_o excellent_a virtue_n come_v and_o bring_v he_o present_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n for_o their_o recreation_n he_o conduct_v lysander_n into_o his_o garden_n on_o every_o side_n enclose_v with_o a_o noble_a fence_n and_o cultivate_v with_o most_o curious_a art_n and_o fingular_a industry_n then_o lysander_n admire_v the_o complete_a order_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o tree_n plant_v in_o such_o direct_a line_n and_o every_o way_n lineal_a the_o earth_n adorn_v with_o plant_n the_o fairness_n of_o the_o fruit_n the_o beauty_n and_o order_n of_o the_o pleasant_a and_o fragrant_a flower_n say_v that_o he_o do_v exceed_o admire_v not_o so_o much_o at_o the_o study_n and_o diligence_n as_o the_o industry_n and_o ingenuity_n of_o the_o workman_n by_o who_o the_o same_o be_v so_o artificial_o order_v and_o contrive_v then_o cyrus_n be_v well_o please_v with_o the_o praise_n and_o commendation_n of_o his_o workmanship_n answer_v lysander_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v preform_v by_o my_o own_o industry_n these_o curious_a order_n be_v by_o i_o delineate_v these_o tree_n plant_n flower_n and_o all_o these_o thing_n thou_o so_o admire_v at_o be_v all_o plant_v and_o perform_v by_o my_o own_o hand_n then_o lysander_n behold_v his_o purple_a habit_n the_o excellency_n of_o his_o person_n and_o his_o persian_a ornament_n glitter_v with_o gold_n and_o precious_a stone_n say_v o_o cyrus_n how_o deserve_o may_v you_o of_o all_o man_n be_v esteem_v happy_a see_v so_o high_a a_o honour_n and_o fortune_n be_v conjoin_v and_o unite_v with_o so_o excellent_a a_o spirit_n pliny_n write_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v so_o high_a a_o esteem_n for_o agriculture_n that_o their_o law_n do_v extend_v to_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o negligence_n and_o abuse_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o necessary_a and_o honourable_a art_n the_o same_o author_n bring_v several_a prefident_n of_o many_o worthy_a and_o honourable_a person_n that_o addict_v themselves_o unto_o and_o affect_v this_o art_n and_o high_o set_v forth_o the_o praise_n and_o commendation_n thereof_o and_o show_v how_o the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v execute_v their_o rustic_a law_n and_o encourage_v the_o industrious_a and_o ingenious_a husbandman_n as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o c._n furius_n cresinus_n who_o out_o of_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o ground_n gather_v much_o more_o fruit_n and_o profit_n than_o his_o neighbour_n about_o he_o out_o of_o their_o great_a and_o ample_a possession_n which_o high_o contract_v their_o envy_n and_o hatred_n against_o he_o insomuch_o as_o they_o accuse_v he_o that_o by_o sorcery_n charm_n and_o witchcraft_n he_o have_v transport_v his_o neighbour_n fruit_n fertility_n and_o increase_n into_o his_o own_o field_n for_o which_o he_o be_v order_v by_o spurius_n albinus_n peremptory_o to_o answer_v the_o matter_n he_o therefore_o fear_v the_o worst_a at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o tribe_n be_v ready_a to_o give_v their_o voice_n bring_v into_o the_o common_a place_n his_o plough_n and_o other_o rural_a instrument_n belong_v to_o agriculture_n and_o place_v they_o in_o the_o open_a face_n of_o the_o court_n he_o set_v there_o also_o his_o own_o daughter_n a_o lusty_a strong_a lass_n and_o big_a of_o bone_n well_o feed_v and_o well_o clad_v also_o his_o ox_n full_a and_o fair_a then_o turn_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n my_o master_n quoth_v he_o these_o be_v the_o sorcery_n charm_n and_o all_o the_o enchantment_n that_o i_o use_v i_o may_v also_o allege_v my_o own_o travel_n and_o toil_n my_o early_a rise_n and_o late_o sit_v up_o and_o the_o painful_a sweat_n i_o daily_o endure_v but_o i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o present_v these_o to_o your_o view_n nor_o to_o bring_v they_o with_o i_o into_o this_o assembly_n which_o when_o the_o people_n have_v hear_v they_o unanimous_o pronounce_v he_o not_o guilty_a and_o he_o be_v high_o commend_v of_o all_o person_n for_o his_o ingenuity_n and_o industry_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o this_o art_n of_o agriculture_n do_v not_o require_v so_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n as_o it_o do_v judgement_n labour_n and_o industry_n which_o to_o possess_v man_n withal_o and_o encourage_v they_o unto_o be_v the_o intent_n and_o scope_n of_o our_o learned_a both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a author_n that_o we_o may_v not_o spend_v the_o best_a of_o our_o time_n in_o the_o most_o vain_a costly_a unnecessary_a and_o trifle_a study_n and_o affair_n for_o in_o former_a time_n cato_n testify_v he_o be_v high_o commend_v and_o praise_v that_o be_v esteem_v a_o good_a husband_n it_o can_v be_v think_v that_o so_o learned_a and_o wise_a man_n can_v set_v so_o high_a a_o value_n and_o esteem_v upon_o this_o art_n of_o agriculture_n but_o upon_o very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a ground_n and_o reason_n not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o various_a delight_n pleasure_n and_o content_n that_o these_o rusticity_n plentiful_o heap_v upon_o we_o they_o supply_v we_o for_o our_o necessity_n and_o advantage_n for_o without_o this_o art_n none_o in_o city_n or_o country_n can_v subsist_v as_o the_o mother_n suckle_v the_o infant_n with_o her_o milk_n so_o do_v the_o earth_n the_o mother_n of_o we_o all_o universal_o feed_v and_o nourish_v we_o at_o a_o easy_a liberal_a and_o profitable_a rate_n whereof_o we_o have_v daily_a experience_n that_o our_o industry_n labour_n and_o cost_n be_v return_v upon_o we_o with_o a_o manifold_a increase_n and_o advantage_n unless_o the_o celestial_a influence_n impede_fw-la chrysostom_n also_o show_v how_o necessary_a the_o art_n of_o agriculture_n be_v when_o enumerate_v the_o several_a advantage_n of_o mechanic_n art_n at_o length_n conclude_v that_o this_o art_n be_v by_o far_o more_o worthy_a excellent_a and_o necessary_a than_o all_o the_o other_o we_o all_o know_v how_o ill_o we_o can_v subsist_v without_o garment_n and_o other_o necessary_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o without_o the_o fruit_n and_o other_o increase_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o can_v live_v the_o scythian_n hamaxobians_n and_o gymnosophist_n esteem_v all_o other_o art_n as_o vain_a and_o unprofitable_a but_o this_o art_n of_o agriculture_n they_o account_v the_o only_a necessary_a for_o humane_a life_n they_o exercise_v and_o apply_v all_o their_o industry_n ingenuity_n practice_n and_o study_n principal_o to_o this_o only_a art_n romulus_n and_o cyrus_n know_v the_o necessariness_n and_o usefulness_n of_o this_o art_n above_o all_o other_o exercise_n and_o art_n do_v first_o institute_n or_o introduce_v their_o subject_n in_o military_a affair_n and_o agriculture_n judge_v these_o only_a sufficient_a to_o preserve_v and_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o other_o and_o to_o sustain_v their_o life_n we_o also_o read_v that_o the_o helvetian_o or_o swisser_n a_o very_a wise_a people_n in_o their_o management_n of_o affair_n inhabit_v or_o possess_v about_o one_o hundred_o town_n out_o of_o which_o they_o yearly_o send_v a_o thousand_o choose_a man_n into_o their_o army_n the_o rest_n remain_v behind_o to_o till_o the_o ground_n the_o next_o year_n some_o of_o they_o that_o stay_v go_v forth_o to_o the_o war_n the_o other_o return_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v as_o well_o exercise_v in_o war_n as_o in_o husbandry_n it_o be_v also_o note_v of_o romulus_n that_o he_o use_v to_o prefer_v husbandman_n above_o citizen_n esteem_v those_o that_o live_v in_o town_n with_o their_o wealthy_a stock_n and_o trade_n not_o equal_a nor_o worthy_a of_o compare_n with_o those_o that_o till_v the_o land_n and_o weary_a themselves_o daily_o in_o rustic_a exercise_n the_o roman_n when_o pliny_n pliny_n they_o give_v name_n to_o their_o tribe_n call_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o state_n the_o rustic_a tribe_n and_o the_o mean_a in_o degree_n the_o vrbane_n numa_n pompilius_n to_o encourage_v agriculture_n command_v the_o field_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o village_n in_o each_o of_o which_o he_o constitute_v a_o supervisor_n who_o principal_a office_n it_o be_v to_o observe_v and_o inquire_v who_o diligent_o and_o industrious_o do_v till_o their_o land_n and_o who_o neglect_v it_o who_o
of_o whirlwind_n 297_o of_o the_o rainbow_n 298_o of_o noise_n and_o stillness_n in_o the_o air_n id_fw-la of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n id_fw-la of_o the_o rarity_n and_o density_n of_o the_o air_n id_fw-la of_o the_o weatherglass_n or_o thermometry_n 299_o of_o the_o baroscope_n 301_o sect._n 2._o of_o observation_n and_o prognostic_n take_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n 302_o of_o the_o earth_n id_fw-la of_o the_o water_n id_fw-la of_o the_o sea_n id_fw-la sect._n 3_o of_o observation_n and_o prognostic_n take_v from_o beast_n 303_o of_o beef_n or_o kine_n id_fw-la of_o sheep_n id_fw-la of_o kid_n id_fw-la of_o ass_n id_fw-la of_o dog_n id_fw-la of_o cat_n id_fw-la of_o mouse_n and_o rat_n id_fw-la of_o swine_n 304_o sect._n 4._o of_o observation_n and_o prognostic_n take_v from_o fowl_n id_fw-la of_o waterfowl_n id_fw-la of_o land-fowl_n id_fw-la of_o the_o heron_n id_fw-la of_o the_o kite_n 305_o of_o the_o crow_n etc._n etc._n id_fw-la of_o sparrow_n id_fw-la of_o the_o jay_n id_fw-la of_o bat_n id_fw-la of_o the_o owl_n id_fw-la of_o the_o woodlark_n id_fw-la of_o the_o swallow_n id_fw-la of_o the_o cock_n id_fw-la sect._n 5._o of_o observation_n and_o prognostic_n take_v from_o fish_n and_o infect_v it_o of_o sea-fish_n id_fw-la of_o freshwater_n fish_n id_fw-la of_o frog_n id_fw-la of_o snake_n id_fw-la of_o aunt_n id_fw-la of_o bee_n id_fw-la of_o gnat_n fly_n and_o flea_n id_fw-la of_o spider_n 306_o of_o chaffer_n etc._n etc._n id_fw-la sect._n 6._o promiscuous_a observation_n prognostic_n id_fw-la of_o tree_n and_o vegetable_n it_o of_o fire_n id_fw-la sign_n of_o rain_n 307_o sign_n of_o snow_n id_fw-la chap._n xv._o dictionarium_fw-la rusticum_n 312_o chap._n i._n of_o husbandry_n and_o improvement_n in_o general_a plain_o discover_v the_o nature_n reason_n and_o cause_n of_o improvement_n and_o the_o growth_n of_o vegetable_n etc._n etc._n agriculture_n have_v be_v not_o undeserved_o esteem_v be_v what_o agriculture_n be_v a_o science_n that_o principal_o teach_v we_o the_o nature_n and_o divers_a property_n and_o quality_n as_o well_o of_o the_o several_a soil_n earth_n and_n place_n as_o of_o the_o several_a production_n or_o creature_n whether_o vegetable_a animal_n or_o mineral_n that_o either_o natural_o proceed_v or_o be_v artificial_o produce_v from_o or_o else_o maintain_v by_o the_o earth_n agricultura_fw-la est_fw-la scientia_fw-la docens_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o unoquoque_fw-la agro_n serunda_fw-la &_o faciunda_fw-la quae_fw-la terra_fw-la maximos_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la proventus_fw-la ferat_fw-la say_v varro_n the_o judicious_a and_o understanding_n husbandman_n must_v first_o consider_v labour_n of_o the_o subject_a whereon_o the_o husband_n man_n bestow_v his_o labour_n the_o subject_a whereon_o to_o spend_v his_o time_n cost_n and_o labour_n viz._n the_o earth_n or_o ground_n which_o we_o usual_o term_v either_o meadow_n arable_a pasture_n woodland_n orchard_n or_o garden-ground_n then_o whether_o it_o be_v more_o commodious_a or_o profitable_a for_o meadow_n for_o pasture_n or_o for_o wood_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v natural_o produce_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o husbandman_n or_o with_o what_o particular_a species_n of_o grain_n pulse_n tree_n fruit_n or_o other_o vegetable_n it_o be_v best_a to_o plant_v or_o sow_v the_o same_o to_o his_o great_a benefit_n and_o with_o what_o beast_n fowl_n or_o other_o animal_n to_o stock_n his_o farm_n or_o other_o land_n also_o he_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o best_a and_o most_o commodious_a way_n of_o tilling_n improve_n propagate_a plant_v and_o manure_v all_o such_o meadow_n arable_a and_o pasture_n pasture-land_n wood_n orchard_n and_o garden_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n of_o such_o improvement_n all_o which_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o discover_v to_o the_o satisfaction_n and_o content_n of_o the_o diligent_a and_o laborious_a husbandman_n but_o before_o we_o enter_v upon_o the_o particular_a way_n and_o method_n of_o agriculture_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o ensue_a work_n we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o unveil_v the_o secret_a mystery_n as_o they_o be_v common_o esteem_v of_o the_o production_n and_o increase_n of_o vegetable_n after_o a_o plain_a and_o familiar_a method_n not_o exceed_v the_o capacity_n of_o our_o husbandman_n who_o this_o treatise_n do_v principal_o concern_v by_o the_o true_a knowledge_n whereof_o a_o gate_n be_v open_v to_o propagate_v maturate_n or_o advance_v the_o growth_n or_o worth_n of_o any_o tree_n plant_n grain_n fruit_n or_o herb_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n nature_n admit_v of_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n that_o afford_v unto_o we_o the_o substance_n not_o only_o mercury_n of_o the_o universal_a spirit_n or_o mercury_n of_o ourselves_o but_o of_o all_o other_o creature_n sublunary_a be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o spirit_n most_o subtle_a and_o ethereal_a as_o it_o be_v divinioris_fw-la aurae_fw-la particula_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a willis_n term_n it_o which_o the_o original_a fermentatione_n de_fw-fr fermentatione_n or_o father_n of_o nature_n have_v place_v in_o this_o world_n as_o the_o instrument_n of_o life_n and_o motion_n of_o every_o thing_n this_o spirit_n be_v that_o which_o incessant_o administer_v unto_o every_o animal_n its_o generation_n life_n growth_n and_o motion_n to_o every_o vegetable_a its_o original_a and_o vegetation_n it_o be_v the_o vehicle_n that_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_n part_n whereof_o the_o matter_n substance_n or_o body_n of_o all_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n be_v form_v or_o compose_v it_o be_v the_o operator_n or_o workman_n that_o transmute_v by_o its_o active_a heat_n the_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n into_o those_o variety_n of_o object_n we_o daily_o behold_v or_o enjoy_v according_a to_o the_o different_a seed_n or_o matrix_fw-la wherein_o it_o operate_v it_o continual_o perspire_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n carry_v with_o it_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_n part_n the_o only_a treasure_n the_o husbandman_n seek_v for_o as_o have_v be_v by_o some_o ingenious_a artist_n mechanical_o prove_v by_o receive_v the_o same_o between_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a equinox_n in_o a_o alembick_a head_n where_o it_o have_v condense_v and_o copious_o distil_v into_o the_o receiver_n at_o that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o earth_n then_o more_o liberal_o afford_v it_o than_o in_o the_o winter-season_n which_o spiritual_a liquor_n so_o receive_v be_v not_o a_o treasure_n to_o be_v slight_v or_o neglect_v carry_v with_o it_o the_o only_a matter_n of_o vegetable_n as_o the_o same_o artist_n affirm_v that_o have_v place_v the_o same_o under_o a_o melon-glass_n near_o some_o vegetable_a it_o be_v thereby_o whole_o attract_v external_o and_o convert_v into_o that_o vegetable_a they_o conclude_v also_o the_o same_o to_o be_v that_o materia_fw-la prima_fw-la quae_fw-la absque_fw-la omni_fw-la sumptu_fw-la labour_v &_o molestia_fw-la reperta_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quam_fw-la in_o aëre_fw-la capere_fw-la te_fw-la oportet_fw-la antequam_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la perveniat_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o liquor_n undoubted_o will_v be_v of_o singular_a virtue_n and_o effect_n in_o advance_v and_o maturate_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o more_o excellent_a flower_n or_o curiosity_n be_v irrigate_v therewith_o it_o be_v easy_o obtain_v and_o that_o in_o great_a quantity_n by_o such_o that_o think_v not_o a_o little_a time_n and_o labour_n lose_v to_o scrutine_v into_o the_o mystery_n of_o nature_n but_o whether_o we_o obtain_v it_o single_o or_o simple_o or_o not_o this_o we_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v receive_v by_o place_v the_o more_o natural_a receptacle_n the_o seed_n and_o plant_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o give_v it_o we_o transmute_v into_o such_o form_n and_o substance_n as_o be_v most_o desire_a and_o necessary_a although_o the_o spirit_n or_o mercury_n be_v that_o active_a and_o move_a sulphur_n of_o the_o universal_a sulphur_n part_n and_o that_o principal_o appear_v in_o the_o generation_n or_o conception_n of_o any_o vegetable_a or_o animal_n and_o be_v also_o the_o first_o that_o fly_v in_o the_o separation_n or_o dissolution_n of_o body_n yet_o be_v it_o imbecile_v and_o defective_a without_o that_o most_o excellent_a rich_a and_o sulphureous_a principle_n which_o according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o learned_a willis_n be_v fermentatione_n de_fw-fr fermentatione_n of_o a_o little_o thick_a consistence_n than_o the_o spirit_n and_o next_o unto_o it_o the_o most_o active_a for_o when_o any_o mixture_n or_o compound_n be_v separate_v the_o spirit_n first_o fly_v then_o follow_v after_o the_o sulphureous_a particle_n the_o temperature_n of_o every_o thing_n so_o far_o as_o to_o the_o heat_n consistence_n and_o curious_a texture_n thereof_o do_v principal_o depend_v on_o sulphur_n from_o hence_o every_o plant_n fruit_n and_o flower_n receive_v those_o infinite_a variety_n of_o form_n colour_n gust_n odour_n signature_n and_o virtue_n it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a medium_fw-la to_o unite_v the_o more_o
of_o animal_n yield_v a_o very_a rich_a compost_n though_o of_o themselves_o through_o overmuch_o heat_n and_o pinguidity_n sterile_a the_o saline_n or_o more_o fix_a principle_n which_o be_v esteem_v by_o most_o abound_v where_o salt_n abound_v author_n the_o only_a thing_n conduce_v to_o fertility_n yet_o be_v of_o its_o self_n or_o in_o a_o over-bounding_a quantity_n the_o most_o barren_a and_o unfruitful_a it_o be_v prescribe_v as_o a_o sure_a way_n to_o destroy_v weed_n vegetable_n by_o water_v the_o place_n with_o brine_n or_o salt-water_n yet_o what_o more_o fruitful_a be_v moderate_o commix_v with_o other_o material_n of_o another_o nature_n than_o salt_n but_o observe_v that_o salt_n extract_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o from_o vegetable_n or_o animal_n be_v much_o more_o fertile_a than_o those_o of_o the_o sea_n contain_v in_o they_o more_o of_o the_o vegetative_a power_n or_o principles_n and_o be_v therefore_o much_o to_o be_v prefer_v glauber_n make_v it_o the_o high_a improvement_n for_o the_o land_n and_o for_o mundi_fw-la continuatio_fw-la miraculi_fw-la mundi_fw-la tree_n also_o affirm_v that_o by_o it_o you_o may_v enrich_v the_o most_o barren_a sand_n beyond_o what_o can_v be_v perform_v by_o any_o other_o soil_n or_o manure_n in_o case_n it_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o corrosive_a quality_n for_o than_o will_v it_o natural_o attract_v the_o other_o principle_n continual_o breathe_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o air_n and_o immediate_o qualify_v itself_o for_o vegetation_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o a_o parcel_n of_o field-land_n of_o about_o three_o acre_n denshire_v or_o burn-beaten_a in_o a_o very_a hot_a and_o dry_a spring_n of_o itself_o natural_o barren_a and_o after_o the_o burn_a and_o spread_v the_o ash_n wherein_o be_v the_o fertile_a salt_n deprive_v of_o its_o corrosive_a sterile_a quality_n the_o land_n be_v plough_v very_o shallow_a and_o barley_n sow_o therein_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n in_o the_o very_a ash_n as_o it_o be_v no_o rain_n fall_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o cut_v the_o turf_n yet_o in_o thirty_o and_o six_o hour_n be_v the_o barley_n shoot_v forth_o and_o the_o ground_n colour_v green_a therewith_o this_o salt_n attract_v and_o condense_v the_o ever-breathing_a spirit_n the_o like_v you_o may_v observe_v in_o wall_n and_o building_n where_o several_a sort_n of_o vegetable_n yea_o tree_n of_o a_o great_a bigness_n will_v thrive_v and_o prosper_v remote_a from_o the_o earth_n and_o without_o any_o other_o nourishment_n than_o what_o that_o fertile_a salt_n attract_v and_o condense_n as_o before_o which_o it_o can_v not_o have_v do_v have_v it_o not_o be_v purge_v of_o its_o corrosive_n and_o sterile_a nature_n by_o fire_n when_o it_o be_v make_v into_o lime_n for_o all_o chemist_n know_v that_o no_o salt_n more_o easy_o dissolve_v per_fw-la deliquum_fw-la than_o those_o that_o be_v most_o calcine_v the_o salt_n also_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o without_o its_o fertile_a nature_n be_v order_v with_o judgement_n and_o discretion_n as_o we_o see_v evident_o that_o the_o salt_n marsh_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v drain_v excel_v in_o fertility_n and_o many_o place_n be_v irrigate_v with_o the_o sea-water_n yield_v a_o notable_a increase_n corn_n also_o therewith_o imbibe_v have_v be_v much_o advance_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o countryman_n that_o casual_o let_v his_o seed-corn_n fall_v into_o the_o salt-water_n and_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o corn_n flourish_v on_o the_o very_a rock_n that_o be_v bedew_v with_o the_o salt-water_n by_o the_o blast_n of_o the_o southern_a wind_n the_o shell_n of_o fish_n be_v as_o it_o be_v only_a salt_n coagulate_v have_v prove_v a_o excellent_a manure_n for_o barren_a land_n after_o they_o have_v lie_v a_o competent_a time_n to_o dissolve_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v we_o may_v conclude_v that_o principle_n equal_a commixture_n of_o principle_n the_o high_a fertility_n and_o improvement_n be_v to_o be_v advance_v and_o make_v from_o the_o most_o equal_a commixture_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a several_a principle_n or_o of_o such_o water_n soil_n dung_n salt_n manure_n or_o compost_n that_o more_o or_o less_o abound_v with_o either_o of_o they_o have_v regard_n unto_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o vegetable_a who_o propagation_n or_o advancement_n you_o intend_v some_o delight_v in_o a_o more_o hot_a or_o cold_a moist_a or_o dry_a fat_a or_o barren_a than_o other_o and_o next_o unto_o that_o from_o due_a preservation_n reception_n and_o right_a dispose_n and_o order_v of_o that_o spiritus_fw-la mundi_fw-la every_o where_o find_v and_o to_o be_v attain_v without_o cost_n and_o as_o well_o by_o the_o poor_a as_o rich_a it_o continual_o breathe_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o note_v before_o and_o be_v diffuse_v in_o the_o air_n and_o lose_v unless_o we_o place_v convenient_a receptacle_n to_o receive_v it_o as_o by_o plant_v of_o tree_n and_o sow_v of_o pulse_n grain_n or_o seed_n out_o of_o what_o think_v you_o shall_v these_o thing_n be_v form_v or_o make_v out_o of_o rain-water_n be_v the_o common_a answer_n or_o opinion_n but_o we_o experimental_o find_v that_o this_o universal_a subject_n give_v to_o every_o plant_v its_o essence_n or_o substance_n although_o assist_v by_o rain_n or_o water_n both_o in_o its_o nourishment_n and_o condensation_n we_o see_v how_o great_a a_o tree_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o a_o small_a plat_v of_o ground_n by_o its_o send_v forth_o of_o its_o root_n to_o receive_v its_o nourishment_n penetrate_v into_o the_o small_a cranny_n and_o joint_n between_o the_o stone_n and_o rock_n where_o it_o find_v the_o great_a plenty_n of_o its_o proper_a food_n we_o constant_o perceive_v and_o find_v that_o vegetable_n have_v once_o emit_v their_o fibrous_a root_n vegetate_fw-la and_o increase_v only_o from_o the_o assistance_n of_o this_o our_o universal_a subject_n when_o the_o earth_n wherein_o it_o stand_v be_v of_o itself_o dry_a and_o not_o capable_a to_o yield_v that_o constant_a supply_n of_o moisture_n the_o plant_n daily_o require_v although_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o rain_n or_o other_o water_n accelerate_v its_o growth_n have_v in_o it_o a_o portion_n of_o that_o spiritus_fw-la mundi_fw-la &_o also_o better_a qualify_v the_o earth_n for_o its_o perspiration_n that_o this_o subject_n be_v the_o very_a essence_n of_o vegetable_n and_o that_o from_o it_o they_o receive_v their_o substance_n and_o not_o from_o water_n only_o be_v evident_a in_o such_o place_n where_o vegetable_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o grow_v and_o where_o it_o can_v vapour_n away_o nor_o be_v exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n nor_o air_n as_o underbuilding_n barn_n stable_n pigeon-house_n etc._n etc._n where_o it_o condense_n into_o nitre_n or_o salt-petre_n the_o only_a fruitful_a salt_n though_o improper_o so_o call_v contain_v so_o equal_a and_o proportionable_a a_o quantity_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o nature_n whole_o volatile_a only_o condense_v in_o defect_n of_o a_o due_a recipient_a not_o generate_v as_o some_o fond_o conceive_v from_o any_o casual_a moisture_n as_o urine_n in_o stable_n etc._n etc._n though_o augment_v thereby_o but_o mere_o from_o the_o spiritus_fw-la mundi_fw-la land_n rest_v from_o the_o plough_n or_o spade_n be_v much_o enrich_v only_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o this_o subject_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o improvement_n land_n defend_v from_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o from_o the_o sweep_a cleanse_a and_o exsiccate_a air_n or_o wind_n grow_v more_o fertile_a not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o warmth_n it_o receive_v as_o from_o the_o preservation_n of_o that_o fertile_a subject_n from_o be_v waste_v as_o we_o evident_o see_v it_o to_o be_v in_o all_o open_a champion_n land_n when_o part_n of_o the_o very_a same_o species_n of_o land_n be_v enclose_v with_o tall_a and_o defensive_a hedge_n or_o plant_v with_o wood_n be_v much_o more_o fertile_a than_o the_o other_o yea_o we_o plain_o perceive_v that_o under_o the_o covert_a of_o a_o bush_n bough_n or_o such_o like_a any_o vegetable_a will_v thrive_v and_o prosper_v better_o than_o on_o the_o naked_a plain_n where_o be_v there_o more_o barren_a dry_a and_o hungry_a land_n than_o on_o the_o plain_n and_o waste_a land_n and_o yet_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o hedge_n fertile_a either_o by_o enclosure_n or_o plant_v with_o wood_n a_o evident_a and_o sufficient_a demonstration_n of_o the_o high_a improvement_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o enclosure_n only_o also_o land_n have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v extraordinary_a fertile_a under_o stone_n log_n of_o wood_n etc._n etc._n only_o by_o the_o condensation_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o universal_a subject_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o flourish_a corn_n in_o the_o most_o stony_a ground_n where_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o stone_n take_v away_o corn_n have_v not_o
prove_v so_o well_o and_o tree_n have_v stone_n lay_v on_o the_o ground_n about_o the_o root_n of_o they_o have_v prosper_v wonderful_o from_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o the_o learned_a virgil_n hint_v on_o the_o same_o occasion_n jamque_fw-la reperti_fw-la qui_fw-la saxo_n super_fw-la atque_fw-la ingentis_fw-la pondere_fw-la testae_fw-la vrgerent_n in_o the_o water_v of_o meadow_n you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o superficial_a glide_v water_v thereof_o do_v infinite_o advance_v its_o fertility_n and_o accelerate_v its_o growth_n or_o vegetation_n not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o water_n although_o that_o be_v a_o very_a great_a help_n and_o some_o water_n abound_v very_o much_o with_o that_o universal_a subject_n but_o by_o its_o condensation_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o subject_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o warmth_n and_o early_o spring_v of_o such_o meadow_n where_o the_o water_n thin_o and_o superficial_o move_v over_o it_o where_o on_o the_o contrary_a water_n stand_v and_o submerge_v such_o meadow_n and_o lie_v and_o soak_v long_o under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n impede_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o subject_a and_o make_v the_o ground_n more_o sterile_a and_o backward_o in_o its_o growth_n or_o spring_v that_o this_o spiritus_fw-la mundi_fw-la have_v in_o it_o a_o sensible_a heat_n as_o well_o as_o fertility_n we_o may_v perceive_v by_o spring_n in_o great_a frost_n when_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v the_o body_n from_o whence_o the_o spring_n flow_v be_v warm_a on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o pore_n be_v open_a and_o this_o spirit_n waste_v and_o transform_v into_o vegetable_n animal_n etc._n etc._n and_o exhaust_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o be_v the_o body_n internal_o cold_a as_o we_o sensible_o perceive_v by_o the_o water_n in_o well_n in_o summertime_n this_o spiritus_fw-la mundi_fw-la whereof_o we_o treat_v be_v that_o which_o in_o some_o place_n perspire_v more_o free_o than_o in_o other_o and_o cause_v that_o different_a verdant_a colour_n of_o the_o grass_n in_o certain_a ring_n or_o circle_n where_o the_o countrypeople_n fancy_v the_o fairy_n dance_v the_o more_o the_o aqueous_a humour_n or_o part_n be_v concoct_v or_o exhaust_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o summertime_n the_o thick_a and_o more_o viscous_a be_v this_o subject_n as_o appear_v by_o its_o condensation_n in_o the_o air_n into_o mildew_n which_o after_o a_o more_o glutinous_a manner_n than_o other_o rain_n or_o dews_n be_v by_o the_o cool_a air_n condense_v into_o a_o fat_a and_o fruitful_a matter_n part_v thereof_o rest_v on_o the_o close_a and_o glazie_a leaf_n of_o the_o oak_n and_o suchlike_a tree_n be_v collect_v and_o with_o very_o little_a art_n transform_v by_o the_o industrious_a bee_n into_o that_o noble_a substance_n honey_n other_o part_n thereof_o fall_v on_o the_o young_a ear_n of_o wheat_n and_o the_o bud_n of_o spring_a hop_n where_o suffer_v a_o further_a degree_n of_o congelation_n impede_v their_o growth_n unless_o a_o timely_a shower_n wash_v it_o off_o it_o also_o by_o its_o heat_n tinge_v the_o straw_n of_o corn_n and_o the_o leaf_n of_o some_o tree_n in_o spot_n at_o that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o it_o usual_o coagulate_v in_o some_o place_n into_o mushroom_n which_o be_v mere_o form_v and_o make_v up_o of_o this_o subject_a undigested_a and_o perspire_v forth_o in_o such_o place_n in_o great_a plenty_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o mushroom_n near_o a_o ell_n in_o compass_n of_o less_o than_o two_o day_n growth_n the_o owner_n in_o who_o garden_n it_o grow_v affirm_v it_o to_o be_v of_o one_o night_n only_o you_o may_v also_o perceive_v it_o in_o a_o clear_a and_o cool_a morning_n condense_v into_o small_a line_n like_v unto_o spiders-web_n near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o on_o the_o low_a and_o rich_a land_n this_o be_v that_o viscous_a vapour_n that_o be_v concoct_v and_o digest_v long_o in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o otherwise_o be_v condense_v at_o length_n into_o that_o sulphurous_a and_o saline_n matter_n and_o which_o by_o its_o combat_n in_o the_o air_n occasion_n those_o igneal_a flame_n and_o clap_v of_o thunder_n which_o more_o frequent_o happen_v at_o such_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o such_o climate_n when_o and_o where_o this_o more_o concoct_v vapour_n abound_v and_o less_o in_o the_o cold_a climate_n and_o season_n where_o it_o be_v more_o aqueous_a this_o be_v that_o inexhaustible_a treasure_n the_o countryman_n be_v to_o preserve_v much_o more_o than_o the_o soil_n and_o dung_n and_o suchlike_a matter_n wash_v away_o with_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v inconsiderable_a in_o comparison_n of_o this_o for_o although_o land_n be_v never_o so_o much_o impoverish_v through_o over-tilling_a thereof_o yet_o due_o order_v and_o defend_v by_o this_o only_a subject_n may_v it_o be_v recruit_v and_o fertilize_v as_o be_v 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obstruction_n and_o have_v be_v frequent_o complain_v of_o for_o the_o remedy_n whereof_o a_o statute_n to_o compel_v the_o minor_a party_n to_o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n and_o vote_n of_o the_o major_n and_o equal_o to_o capacitate_v all_o person_n concern_v for_o such_o a_o enterprise_n will_v be_v very_o welcome_a to_o the_o countryman_n wherein_o all_o particular_a interest_n may_v be_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o as_o well_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o the_o tenant_n and_o the_o poor_a it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n to_o have_v very_o many_o great_a and_o large_a highway_n impediment_n highway_n a_o impediment_n way_n over_o most_o of_o the_o common_a field_n and_o waste_a ground_n in_o england_n which_o prove_v a_o very_a great_a check_n to_o the_o design_n of_o enclosure_n and_o may_v most_o easy_o be_v reduce_v if_o a_o statute_n may_v be_v obtain_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o be_v not_o long_o since_o in_o agitation_n though_o not_o complete_v than_o which_o 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fail_v than_o in_o the_o champion_n country_n wet_a summer_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a as_o dry_v the_o vale_n and_o enclosure_n also_o be_v by_o far_o the_o great_a support_n of_o our_o english_a granary_n than_o the_o open_v champion_n and_o the_o hill_n which_o yield_v we_o it_o be_v true_a the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o drink-corn_n delight_v in_o the_o more_o hungry_a soil_n and_o prove_v a_o good_a supply_n in_o a_o wet_a summer_n for_o the_o other_o chap._n iii_o of_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n land_n and_o the_o several_a way_n of_o their_o improvement_n either_o by_o water_v or_o drown_v or_o by_o sow_v or_o propagate_a several_a sort_n of_o extraordinary_a grass_n or_o hays_n etc._n etc._n meadow_n and_o pasture_n land_n be_v of_o so_o considerable_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n that_o they_o be_v by_o some_o prefer_v above_o arable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o advantage_n they_o bring_v annual_o into_o his_o coffer_n with_o so_o little_a toil_n expense_n 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be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n by_o sow_v or_o propagate_a of_o new_a grass_n hays_n etc._n etc._n or_o other_o way_n of_o improvement_n sect_n i._o of_o the_o water_v of_o meadow_n of_o wet_a meadow_n or_o land_n under_o that_o capacity_n of_o be_v overflow_v or_o water_v there_o be_v several_a sort_n first_o such_o meadow_n that_o lie_v general_o flat_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o great_a river_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o overflow_n of_o such_o river_n in_o time_n of_o land-flood_n only_o second_o such_o meadow_n that_o lie_v near_o to_o lesser_a river_n or_o stream_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v drown_v or_o water_v by_o divert_v such_o river_n or_o some_o part_n thereof_o out_o of_o its_o natural_a current_n over_o the_o same_o three_o such_o meadow_n or_o land_n that_o lie_v above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n and_o yet_o be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n by_o raise_v the_o water_n by_o some_o artificial_a way_n or_o mean_n over_o they_o all_o which_o sort_n of_o meadow_n or_o land_n under_o those_o capacity_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v by_o the_o water_n overflow_a they_o as_o every_o country_n and_o place_n can_v sufficient_o evidence_n and_o testify_v humida_fw-la majores_fw-la herbas_fw-la alit_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n neither_o be_v there_o scarce_o any_o kingdom_n or_o country_n in_o the_o world_n where_o this_o be_v not_o esteem_v a_o excellent_a improvement_n how_o can_v egypt_n subsist_v unless_o nilus_n do_v annual_o fertilise_v its_o bank_n by_o its_o inundation_n several_a other_o potent_a and_o wealthy_a country_n there_o be_v in_o those_o african_a and_o asian_a territory_n who_o rich_a and_o most_o fertile_a land_n be_v maintain_v in_o their_o fertility_n by_o the_o sediment_n of_o the_o overflow_a water_n huc_fw-la summis_fw-la liquuntur_fw-la rupibus_fw-la amnes_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n felicemque_fw-la trahunt_fw-la limum_fw-la but_o these_o be_v natural_a yet_o be_v not_o some_o country_n without_o their_o artificial_a way_n of_o advance_v this_o ponderous_a element_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a improvement_n as_o persia_n italy_n etc._n etc._n abound_v with_o most_o ingenious_a way_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o for_o their_o meadow_n as_o other_o necessary_a use_n on_o the_o bank_n and_o border_n of_o our_o great_a river_n and_o current_n be_v flood_n of_o meadow_n water_v by_o flood_n the_o most_o and_o rich_a meadow_n consist_v general_o of_o a_o very_a good_a fat_a soil_n as_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o very_a sediment_n of_o the_o water_n overflow_a the_o same_o after_o great_a and_o hasty_a rain_n such_o meadow_n be_v capable_a of_o very_o little_a improvement_n especial_o those_o that_o border_n on_o the_o great_a river_n as_o thames_n severn_n trent_n ouse_n etc._n etc._n uncapable_a of_o obstruction_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o husbandman_n yet_o where_o such_o meadow_n lie_v on_o the_o border_n of_o great_a river_n be_v of_o a_o dry_a and_o hungry_a soil_n and_o not_o frequent_o overflow_v by_o land-flood_n may_v artificial_a work_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o raise_v the_o water_n over_o the_o same_o to_o a_o very_a considerable_a advantage_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o in_o this_o chapter_n other_o meadow_n there_o be_v and_o those_o the_o most_o general_a in_o england_n etc._n of_o meadow_n water_v by_o diversion_n of_o river_n etc._n etc._n that_o border_n on_o the_o lesser_a river_n stream_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o many_o place_n be_v overflow_v or_o drown_v by_o divert_v the_o water_n out_o of_o its_o natural_a and_o usual_a current_n over_o they_o this_o be_v of_o late_o become_v one_o of_o the_o most_o universal_a and_o advantageous_a improvement_n in_o england_n within_o these_o few_o year_n and_o yet_o not_o comparable_a to_o what_o it_o may_v be_v advance_v unto_o in_o case_n these_o several_a obstruction_n be_v remove_v that_o impede_fw-la this_o most_o noble_a and_o profitable_a improvement_n first_o the_o several_a interest_n that_o be_v in_o land_n border_v on_o river_n drown_v hindrance_n to_o drown_v hinder_v very_o much_o this_o improvement_n because_o the_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v over_o several_a quantity_n of_o land_n under_o this_o capacity_n but_o through_o the_o land_n of_o ignorant_a and_o cross_a neighbour_n who_o will_v not_o consent_v thereunto_o although_o for_o their_o own_o advantage_n also_o under_o unreasonable_a term_n and_o some_o will_v not_o at_o all_o other_o be_v not_o by_o the_o law_n capacitate_v for_o such_o consent_n as_o we_o note_v before_o concern_v enclosure_n second_o that_o great_a and_o pernicious_a impediment_n to_o this_o improvement_n mill_n stand_v on_o so_o many_o fruitful_a stream_n prohibit_v the_o laborious_a and_o ingenious_a husbandman_n to_o receive_v the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o such_o stream_n and_o river_n carry_v in_o their_o bowel_n so_o much_o wealth_n into_o the_o ocean_n when_o the_o mill_n themselves_o yield_v not_o a_o ten_o of_o the_o profit_n to_o the_o owner_n that_o they_o hinder_v to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o their_o work_n may_v as_o well_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o wind_n as_o by_o the_o water_n or_o at_o least_o the_o water_n improve_v to_o a_o better_a advantage_n by_o facilitate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mill_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o three_o another_o grand_a impediment_n be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o countryman_n who_o in_o many_o place_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o apprehend_v neither_o the_o improvement_n nor_o the_o cause_n thereof_o but_o because_o some_o certain_a neighbour_n of_o they_o have_v their_o land_n overflow_v a_o long_a time_n and_o be_v little_a the_o better_a therefore_o will_v they_o not_o undergo_v that_o charge_n to_o so_o little_a purpose_n or_o because_o they_o be_v common_o possess_v with_o a_o foolish_a opinion_n that_o the_o water_n leave_v all_o its_o fatness_n on_o the_o ground_n it_o flow_v over_o and_o therefore_o will_v not_o advantage_v the_o next_o which_o be_v most_o untrue_a for_o i_o have_v see_v meadow_n successive_o drown_v with_o the_o same_o water_n to_o almost_o a_o equal_a improvement_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o it_o be_v true_a the_o water_n leave_v its_o fatness_n it_o have_v wash_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o highway_n in_o the_o time_n of_o great_a rain_n but_o we_o find_v by_o daily_a experience_n that_o meadow_n be_v fertilize_v by_o overflow_a as_o well_o in_o frosty_a clear_a and_o dry_a weather_n as_o in_o rainy_a and_o that_o to_o a_o very_a considerable_a improvement_n and_o also_o by_o the_o most_o clear_a and_o transparent_a stream_n be_v improve_v ordinary_a land_n that_o they_o become_v most_o fertile_a meadow_n four_o from_o a_o greedy_a and_o covetous_a principle_n they_o suffer_v the_o grass_n to_o stand_v so_o long_o on_o the_o water_a meadow_n that_o it_o be_v much_o discolour_v and_o grow_v so_o hawmy_a and_o neither_o so_o toothsome_a nor_o wholesome_a as_o that_o on_o unwatered_a meadow_n
which_o bring_v a_o ill_a name_n on_o the_o hay_n which_o if_o cut_v in_o time_n will_v be_v much_o better_a and_o in_o most_o water_a meadow_n as_o good_a as_o any_o other_o and_o the_o aftir-grass_n either_o to_o mow_v again_o or_o to_o be_v feed_v on_o the_o place_n will_v repay_v the_o former_a suppose_a loss_n the_o former_a impediment_n may_v with_o much_o facility_n be_v remove_v by_o a_o law_n which_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n the_o late_a only_o by_o the_o good_a example_n and_o precedent_n of_o such_o industrious_a and_o worthy_a person_n that_o understand_v better_a thing_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o world_n be_v rather_o introduce_v to_o any_o ingenious_a and_o profitable_a enterprise_n by_o example_n than_o by_o precept_n although_o some_o be_v so_o sordid_a and_o self-willed_a that_o neither_o apparent_a demonstration_n nor_o any_o convince_a argument_n whatsoever_o can_v divert_v they_o from_o their_o bias_n of_o ill-husbandry_n and_o ignorance_n who_o we_o leave_v on_o the_o border_n or_o bank_n of_o most_o river_n or_o stream_n lie_v several_a engine_n of_o meadow_n water_v by_o artificial_a engine_n piece_n of_o land_n that_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v overflow_v by_o the_o obstruction_n or_o diversion_n of_o the_o water_n without_o a_o great_a injury_n than_o the_o expect_a advantage_n will_v recompense_v which_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v improve_v very_o considerable_o by_o place_v of_o some_o artificial_a engine_n in_o or_o near_o such_o river_n or_o stream_n for_o the_o overflow_a thereof_o the_o persian_a wheel_n the_o most_o considerable_a and_o universal_a be_v the_o persian_a wheel_n much_o wheel_n of_o the_o persian_a wheel_n use_v in_o persia_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n where_o they_o say_v there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o hundred_o in_o a_o river_n whereby_o their_o ground_n be_v improve_v extraordinary_o they_o be_v also_o much_o use_v in_o spain_n italy_n and_o in_o france_n and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o facile_a and_o advantageous_a way_n of_o raise_v water_n in_o great_a quantity_n to_o any_o altitude_n within_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o wheel_n where_o there_o be_v any_o current_n of_o water_n to_o continue_v its_o motion_n which_o a_o small_a stream_n will_v do_v consider_v the_o quantity_n and_o height_n of_o the_o water_n you_o intend_v to_o raise_v this_o way_n if_o ingenious_o prosecute_v will_v prove_v a_o very_a considerable_a improvement_n for_o there_o be_v very_o much_o land_n in_o many_o place_n lie_v near_o to_o river_n that_o be_v of_o small_a worth_n which_o if_o it_o be_v water_v by_o so_o constant_a a_o stream_n as_o this_o wheel_n will_v yield_v will_v bear_v a_o good_a burden_n of_o hay_n where_o now_o it_o will_v hardly_o bear_v corn._n how_o many_o acre_n of_o land_n lie_v on_o the_o decline_a side_n of_o hill_n by_o the_o river_n side_n in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v unto_o it_o by_o any_o ordinary_a way_n yet_o by_o this_o wheel_n place_v in_o the_o river_n or_o current_n and_o a_o trough_n of_o board_n set_n on_o tressles_a to_o convey_v the_o water_n from_o it_o to_o the_o next_o place_n of_o near_o a_o equal_a altitude_n to_o the_o cistern_n may_v the_o land_n be_v continual_o water_v so_o far_o as_o be_v under_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n also_o there_o be_v very_o much_o land_n lie_v on_o the_o border_n of_o river_n that_o be_v flat_a and_o level_a yet_o neither_o do_v the_o land-flood_n overflow_v the_o same_o or_o at_o most_o but_o seldom_o nor_o can_v the_o water_n be_v make_v by_o any_o obstruction_n thereof_o or_o suchlike_a way_n to_o overflow_v it_o but_o by_o this_o persian_a wheel_n place_v in_o the_o river_n in_o the_o near_a place_n to_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o land_n you_o intend_v to_o overflow_v therewith_o may_v a_o very_a great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v raise_v for_o where_o the_o land_n be_v but_o little_a above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n a_o far_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o with_o much_o more_o facility_n may_v be_v raise_v than_o where_o a_o great_a height_n be_v require_v the_o wheel_n easy_o make_v and_o with_o less_o expense_n there_o be_v also_o many_o large_a and_o flat_a piece_n of_o land_n border_v water_n of_o wind-engine_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o water_n near_o unto_o several_a river_n or_o stream_n that_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a way_n of_o overflow_a or_o water_v either_o because_o the_o current_n can_v easy_o or_o convenient_o be_v obstruct_v or_o because_o such_o a_o persian_a wheel_n may_v not_o be_v place_v in_o the_o water_n without_o trespass_v on_o the_o opposite_a neighbour_n or_o hindrance_n to_o other_o or_o the_o water_n not_o of_o force_n sufficient_a etc._n etc._n which_o place_n may_v very_o well_o admit_v of_o a_o wind-engine_n or_o windmill_n erect_v in_o such_o part_n thereof_o where_o the_o wind_n may_v most_o commodious_o command_v it_o and_o where_o the_o land_n swell_v above_o the_o ordinary_a level_n you_o intend_v to_o water_n or_o overflow_v though_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o current_n or_o stream_n the_o water_n be_v easy_o conduct_v thereto_o by_o a_o open_a or_o subterraneal_a passage_n from_o the_o stream_n such_o windmill_n raise_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o a_o reasonable_a height_n for_o many_o acre_n of_o land_n must_v needs_o prove_v a_o very_a considerable_a advantage_n to_o the_o owner_n as_o well_o for_o the_o overflow_a thereof_o as_o it_o have_v do_v to_o many_o for_o the_o drain_n large_a fen_n of_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o necessary_a that_o such_o land_n be_v whole_o plain_a and_o open_a to_o all_o wind_n for_o in_o valley_n that_o be_v on_o each_o side_n defend_v with_o hill_n or_o in_o such_o land_n that_o be_v on_o some_o side_n plant_v with_o wood_n may_v such_o windmill_n well_o be_v place_v where_o the_o wind_n may_v at_o some_o certain_a season_n perform_v its_o work_n sufficient_o though_o not_o so_o continual_o as_o where_o the_o place_n be_v free_a to_o all_o wind_n sect_n ii_o the_o principal_a rule_n necessary_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o overflow_a or_o drown_v of_o land_n when_o you_o have_v raise_v or_o bring_v the_o water_n by_o any_o of_o the_o carriage_n 1_o in_o cut_v the_o main_a carriage_n aforesaid_a mean_n to_o the_o height_n you_o expect_v then_o cut_v your_o main_a carriage_n allow_v it_o a_o convenient_a descent_n to_o give_v the_o water_n a_o fair_a and_o plausible_a current_n all_o along_o let_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o main_a carriage_n be_v of_o breadth_n rather_o than_o depth_n sufficient_a to_o receive_v the_o whole_a stream_n you_o desire_v or_o intend_v and_o when_o you_o come_v to_o use_v a_o part_n of_o your_o water_n let_v the_o main_a carriage_n narrow_a by_o degree_n and_o so_o let_v it_o narrow_a till_o the_o end_n that_o the_o water_n may_v press_v into_o the_o lesser_a carriage_n that_o issue_n all_o along_o from_o the_o main_a at_o every_o rise_a ground_n or_o other_o convenient_a distance_n you_o ought_v carriage_n 2_o in_o cut_v the_o lesser_a carriage_n to_o cut_v small_a taper_a carriage_n proportionable_a to_o the_o distance_n and_o quantity_n of_o land_n or_o water_n you_o have_v which_o be_v to_o be_v as_o shallow_a as_o may_v be_v and_o as_o many_o in_o number_n as_o you_o can_v for_o although_o it_o seem_v to_o waste_v much_o land_n by_o cut_v so_o much_o turf_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o so_o in_o the_o end_n for_o the_o more_o nimble_o the_o water_n run_v over_o the_o grass_n by_o much_o the_o better_a the_o improvement_n be_v which_o be_v attain_v by_o make_v many_o and_o shallow_a carriage_n another_o principal_a observation_n in_o drown_v or_o water_v of_o drain_v 3_o in_o make_v the_o drain_v land_n be_v to_o make_v drain_v to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n the_o carriage_n bring_v on_o and_o therefore_o must_v bear_v some_o proportion_n to_o it_o though_o not_o so_o large_a and_o as_o the_o lesser_a carriage_n conduct_v the_o water_n to_o every_o part_n of_o your_o land_n so_o must_v the_o lesser_a drain_v be_v make_v among_o the_o carriage_n in_o the_o low_a place_n to_o lead_v the_o water_n off_o and_o must_v widen_v as_o they_o run_v as_o the_o carriage_n lessen_v for_o if_o the_o water_n be_v not_o well_o drain_v it_o prove_v injurious_a to_o the_o grass_n by_o stand_v in_o pool_n thereon_o in_o the_o winter_n it_o kill_v the_o grass_n and_o in_o the_o spring_n or_o summer_n hinder_v its_o growth_n and_o breed_v rush_n and_o bad_a weed_n which_o if_o well_o drain_v off_o work_v a_o contrary_a effect_n some_o graze_v their_o land_n till_o christmas_n some_o long_o but_o as_o soon_o land_n 4_o time_n for_o water_v
prove_v better_a on_o cold_a stiff_a land_n than_o on_o hot_a or_o dry_a etc._n etc._n we_o find_v many_o sort_n of_o wheat_n mention_v in_o our_o rustic_a author_n as_o whole_a straw-wheat_n rivet-wheat_n white_a and_o red_a pollard-wheat_n white_a and_o wheat_n kind_n of_o wheat_n red_a great_a and_o small_a turkey-wheat_n purkey-wheat_n gray-wheat_n flaxen-weat_a i_o suppose_v the_o same_o in_o some_o place_n call_v lammas-wheat_n chiltern_n ograve-wheat_n sarasins-wheat_n with_o several_a other_o name_n though_o it_o be_v probable_a may_v be_v the_o same_o sort_n the_o great_a pollard_n they_o say_v delight_n best_a on_o stiff_a land_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ograve_n flaxen-wheat_n and_o lammas_n on_o indifferent_a land_n and_o sarasins-wheat_n on_o any_o but_o what_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o these_o and_o other_o several_a sort_n be_v and_o in_o what_o land_n they_o most_o principal_o delight_v and_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o culture_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o more_o ingenious_a and_o expert_a husbandman_n to_o find_v out_o and_o discover_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o bearded-wheat_n suffer_v not_o by_o mildew_n because_o the_o beard_n thereof_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o defence_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o dew_n wheat_n be_v usual_o sow_o in_o the_o autumn_n and_o best_a in_o a_o wet_a season_n triticum_fw-la luto_fw-la hordeum_fw-la pulvere_fw-la conserite_fw-la and_o either_o early_o or_o late_a as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n require_v this_o be_v another_o very_a necessary_a grain_n though_o usual_o convert_v barley_n barley_n to_o the_o worst_a use_n of_o any_o that_o grow_v in_o england_n it_o be_v the_o principal_a ingredient_n into_o our_o necessary_a drink_n moderate_o use_v but_o the_o use_n thereof_o in_o excess_n be_v become_v the_o most_o general_a rage_a vice_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n to_o most_o other_o detestable_a evil_n it_o be_v also_o a_o bane_n to_o ingenuity_n many_o of_o our_o best_a mechanic_n be_v too_o much_o addict_v to_o the_o tincture_n of_o this_o grain_n nevertheless_o it_o so_o natural_o delight_v in_o our_o mean_a sort_n of_o land_n and_o in_o the_o champion_n country_n that_o it_o be_v become_v a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o countryman_z tillage_n that_o the_o too_o great_a a_o quantity_n thereof_o do_v impede_fw-la the_o propagation_n of_o several_a other_o grain_n and_o pulse_n much_o more_o necessary_a neither_o know_v i_o any_o way_n to_o remedy_v this_o neglect_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o wilfulness_n on_o the_o other_o unless_o the_o design_n of_o enclosure_n may_v take_v effect_n for_o than_o will_v the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o enrich_v that_o they_o will_v bear_v other_o grain_n to_o a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n than_o barley_n or_o that_o a_o double_a or_o treble_a tax_n may_v be_v impose_v on_o every_o acre_n of_o barley-land_n for_o what_o it_o be_v on_o other_o grain_n which_o will_v provoke_v the_o husbandman_n to_o that_o which_o will_v be_v most_o for_o his_o advantage_n then_o will_v there_o be_v a_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o grain_n and_o pulse_n and_o at_o a_o low_a price_n and_o only_o good_a liquor_n a_o little_a the_o dear_a which_o may_v by_o housekeeper_n the_o easy_o be_v bear_v withal_o the_o season_n for_o sow_v of_o barley_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n some_o sow_n in_o march_n some_o in_o april_n other_o not_o until_o may_v yet_o with_o good_a success_n no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v herein_o prescribe_v it_o usual_o prove_v as_o the_o succeed_a wether_n happen_v only_o a_o dry_a time_n be_v most_o kind_o for_o the_o seed_n there_o be_v little_a difference_n observe_v in_o barley_n only_o there_o be_v one_o barley_n difference_n of_o barley_n sort_n call_v rath-ripe_a barley_n which_o be_v usual_o ripe_a two_o or_o three_o week_n before_o the_o other_o and_o delight_v best_a in_o some_o sort_n of_o hot_a and_o dry_a land_n this_o be_v a_o grain_n general_o know_v and_o delight_v in_o a_o dry_a warm_a rye_n rye_n land_n and_o will_v grow_v in_o most_o sort_n of_o land_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o temper_v and_o loose_a it_o need_v not_o so_o rich_a a_o ground_n nor_o so_o much_o care_n nor_o cost_v bestow_v thereon_o as_o do_v the_o wheat_n only_o it_o must_v be_v sow_v in_o a_o dry_a time_n for_o rain_v soon_o drown_v it_o they_o usual_o say_v a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v drown_v it_o in_o the_o hopper_n wet_a be_v so_o great_a a_o enemy_n to_o it_o it_o be_v quick_a of_o growth_n soon_o up_o after_o it_o be_v sow_v and_o soon_o in_o the_o ear_n usual_o in_o april_n and_o also_o soon_o ripe_v than_o other_o grain_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n be_v it_o usual_a to_o sow_v wheat_n and_o rye_n mix_v which_o grow_v together_o and_o be_v reap_v together_o but_o the_o rye_n must_v needs_o be_v ripe_a before_o the_o wheat_n neither_o can_v i_o discover_v where_o a_o great_a advantage_n lie_v in_o sow_v they_o together_o than_o in_o sow_v they_o apart_o the_o principal_a season_n of_o sow_v of_o rye_n be_v in_o the_o autumn_n about_o september_n according_a as_o the_o season_n permit_v and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n require_v oat_n be_v very_o profitable_a and_o necessary_a grain_n in_o most_o place_n of_o oat_n oat_n england_n they_o be_v the_o most_o principal_a grain_n horse_n affect_v and_o commend_v for_o that_o use_n above_o any_o other_o on_o such_o land_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a no_o other_o grain_n will_v thrive_v yet_o oat_n grow_v there_o plentiful_o as_o many_o place_n in_o wales_n and_o derbyshire_n can_v witness_v there_o be_v no_o ground_n too_o rich_a nor_o too_o poor_a too_o hot_a nor_o too_o cold_a for_o they_o they_o be_v esteem_v a_o peeler_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o best_a season_n for_o sow_v of_o they_o be_v in_o february_n or_o march_n the_o white_a oat_n be_v the_o best_a and_o heavy_a grain_n the_o meal_n make_v good_a bread_n and_o much_o use_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o many_o place_n and_o also_o good_a pottage_n and_o several_a other_o mess_n and_o be_v in_o great_a request_n towards_o scotland_n and_o in_o wales_n oaten_a malt_n also_o make_v good_a beer_n it_o be_v a_o grain_n exceed_v advanteous_a on_o barren_a sandy_a land_n french-wheat_n buck-wheat_n or_o french-wheat_n it_o be_v much_o sow_v in_o surrey_n much_o less_o than_o any_o other_o grain_n sow_n a_o acre_n it_o be_v usual_o sow_v as_o barley_n but_o late_a it_o be_v also_o late_o ripe_a and_o yield_v a_o very_a great_a increase_n and_o be_v excellent_a food_n for_o swine_n poultry_n etc._n etc._n after_o it_o be_v mow_v it_o must_v lie_v several_a day_n till_o the_o stalk_n be_v wither_v before_o it_o be_v house_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o danger_n of_o the_o seed_n fall_v from_o it_o our_o rustic_a author_n mention_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o corn_n or_o grain_n other_o sort_n of_o grain_n grain_n as_o xea_n or_o spelt-corn_n far_o millet_n sesame_n rice_n etc._n etc._n which_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o particularize_v on_o until_o we_o be_v better_o satisfy_v of_o their_o nature_n and_o use_n and_o experience_v in_o the_o way_n or_o method_n of_o their_o propagation_n of_o all_o pulse_n that_o be_v sow_v or_o propagate_v pease_n claim_v the_o pease_n pease_n pre-eminence_n not_o only_o for_o their_o general_a use_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o also_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o kind_n almost_o for_o every_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o for_o every_o season_n a_o different_a sort_n of_o pease_n some_o be_v white_a pease_n some_o gray_a green_a etc._n etc._n not_o necessary_a here_o to_o be_v enumerate_v every_o understand_a husbandman_n know_v what_o sort_v best_a accord_n with_o his_o land_n in_o a_o stiff_a fertile_a ground_n they_o yield_v a_o very_a considerable_a crop_n without_o such_o frequent_a fallowing_n as_o other_o grain_n require_v and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n and_o fit_a and_o prepare_v the_o land_n for_o after-crop_n be_v a_o improver_n and_o not_o a_o impoverisher_n of_o land_n as_o husbandman_n usual_o observe_v this_o also_o be_v of_o general_a use_n and_o benefit_n and_o place_v before_o any_o bean_n bean_n other_o pulse_n by_o pliny_n for_o its_o commodiousness_n both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n yet_o we_o find_v the_o pease_n to_o be_v more_o universal_o propagate_v of_o bean_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n the_o great_a garden-bean_n and_o middle_a sort_n of_o bean_n and_o the_o small_a bean_n or_o horse-bean_n the_o late_a only_a be_v usual_o sow_v in_o plough_v land_n and_o delight_n principal_o in_o stiff_a and_o strong_a ground_n and_o thrive_v not_o in_o light_n sandy_a or_o barren_a they_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v sow_o
in_o land_n at_o the_o first_o break_v up_o where_o you_o intend_v afterward_o to_o sow_v other_o grain_n because_o they_o destroy_v the_o weed_n and_o improve_v the_o land_n as_o general_o do_v all_o other_o cod-ware_n of_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o bean_n and_o also_o of_o pease_n we_o shall_v say_v more_o hereafter_o in_o this_o treatise_n the_o citch_n or_o fetch_v whereof_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n but_o two_o of_o fetch_n fetch_n most_o principal_a note_n the_o winter_n and_o summer-fetch_a the_o own_o sow_o before_o winter_n and_o abide_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n the_o other_o not_o so_o hardy_a and_o sow_o in_o the_o spring_n they_o be_v much_o sow_o in_o some_o place_n and_o to_o a_o very_a considerable_a advantage_n they_o be_v a_o good_a strong_a and_o nourish_a food_n to_o cattle_n either_o give_v in_o the_o straw_n or_o without_o and_o be_v propagate_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o pease_n the_o least_o of_o all_o pulse_n be_v the_o lentil_n in_o some_o place_n call_v till_v lentil_o lentil_o they_o be_v sow_o in_o ordinary_a ground_n and_o require_v it_o not_o very_o rich_a of_o a_o very_a few_o swoon_n on_o a_o acre_n you_o shall_v reap_v a_o incredible_a quantity_n although_o they_o appear_v on_o the_o ground_n but_o small_a and_o lie_v in_o a_o little_a room_n in_o the_o cart_n they_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a sweet_a fodder_n and_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o other_o fodder_n or_o pulse_n for_o calf_n or_o any_o other_o young_a cattle_n this_o pulse_n though_o not_o use_v in_o this_o country_n as_o ever_o i_o can_v understand_v lupin_n lupin_n unless_o a_o few_o in_o a_o garden_n yet_o we_o find_v they_o high_o commend_v to_o be_v a_o pulse_n require_v little_a trouble_n and_o to_o help_v the_o ground_n the_o most_o of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v sow_o and_o to_o be_v a_o good_a manure_n for_o barren_a land_n where_o it_o thrive_v very_o well_o as_o on_o sandy_a gravelly_a and_o the_o worst_a that_o may_v be_v yea_o among_o bush_n and_o briar_n sodden_a in_o water_n they_o be_v excellent_a food_n for_o ox_n and_o doubtless_o for_o swine_n and_o other_o cattle_n if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o probable_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v i_o admire_v this_o plant_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o neglect_v but_o i_o may_v give_v you_o a_o more_o plenary_a and_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o this_o and_o some_o other_o not_o usual_a seed_n and_o pulse_n another_o time_n these_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n but_o where_o they_o tare_n tare_n be_v sow_o they_o much_o benefit_n the_o land_n as_o other_o pulse_n and_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v prefer_v for_o fodder_n than_o any_o other_o use_v they_o can_v be_v put_v unto_o there_o be_v several_a other_o pulse_n or_o seed_n mention_v in_o our_o author_n pulse_n other_o pulse_n as_o fasel_n cich_a peason_n wild_a tare_n etc._n etc._n which_o if_o careful_o and_o ingenious_o prosecute_v may_v redound_v to_o the_o husbandman_n advantage_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n may_v several_a other_z not_o yet_o bring_v into_o common_a use_n although_o they_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v as_o beneficial_a as_o those_o already_o in_o use_n sect_n iv_o of_o hemp_n and_o flax._n within_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o land_n subject_a to_o the_o culture_n of_o the_o plough_n may_v these_o two_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a vegetable_n be_v propagate_v require_v a_o competent_a proportion_n of_o ground_n to_o raise_v a_o quantity_n sufficient_a to_o supply_v our_o ordinary_a occasion_n and_o necessity_n in_o defect_n whereof_o and_o mere_o through_o our_o own_o neglect_n and_o sloth_n we_o purchase_v the_o great_a share_n of_o these_o hempen_a and_o flaxen_a commodity_n we_o use_v from_o stranger_n at_o a_o dear_a rate_n when_o we_o have_v room_n enough_o to_o raise_v wherewith_o of_o the_o same_o commodity_n to_o furnish_v they_o but_o that_o to_o our_o shame_n be_v it_o speak_v we_o prefer_v good_a liquor_n or_o at_o least_o the_o corn_n that_o make_v it_o before_o any_o other_o grain_n or_o seed_n although_o other_o may_v be_v propagate_v with_o great_a facility_n less_o hazard_n and_o abundant_o more_o advantageous_a both_o to_o the_o husbandman_n and_o nation_n in_o general_n than_o that_o i_o need_v not_o put_v excuse_n into_o the_o countrymen_n mouth_n they_o flax._n impediment_n to_o the_o sow_v of_o hemp_n and_o flax._n have_v enough_o for_o their_o grand_a negligence_n in_o this_o principal_a part_n of_o agriculture_n but_o that_o i_o here_o propose_v they_o in_o hope_n some_o worthy_a patriot_n will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n to_o remove_v these_o impediment_n 1._o the_o first_o and_o most_o grand_a impediment_n to_o this_o improvement_n impediment_n want_v of_o trade_n a_o impediment_n be_v want_n of_o encouragement_n to_o trade_n or_o a_o right_a constitution_n or_o order_v of_o employment_n for_o the_o poor_a throughout_o the_o country_n which_o may_v be_v accomplish_v without_o charge_n the_o common_a remora_n to_o all_o ingenuity_n by_o grant_v some_o extraordinary_a immunity_n to_o certain_a society_n in_o several_a place_n convenient_a in_o every_o county_n to_o be_v establish_v which_o be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a thing_n to_o be_v do_v will_v almost_o of_o itself_o remove_v all_o other_o impediment_n 2._o the_o next_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o experience_n very_o few_o understanding_n impediment_n want_v of_o experience_n a_o impediment_n the_o way_n of_o sow_v gather_v water_v heckle_a and_o other_o particular_a modes_n in_o order_v these_o commodity_n nor_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n either_o of_o they_o delight_n in_o all_o which_o by_o the_o precedent_n and_o example_n of_o some_o public_a and_o ingenious_a spirit_n and_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o trade_n to_o take_v off_o the_o say_a commodity_n to_o the_o husbandman_n advantage_n may_v easy_o be_v remove_v 3._o another_o main_a impediment_n to_o the_o improvement_n and_o propagation_n impediment_n tithe_n a_o impediment_n of_o these_o and_o several_a other_o staple-commodity_n not_o yet_o bring_v into_o public_a use_n and_o practice_n be_v that_o the_o planter_n after_o he_o have_v be_v at_o extraordinary_a expense_n in_o fertilize_v tilling_n and_o plant_v his_o land_n and_o in_o preserve_v and_o advance_v the_o growth_n of_o such_o commodity_n not_o only_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n but_o also_o of_o all_o his_o expense_n and_o labour_n must_v be_v decimate_v which_o in_o some_o year_n amount_n to_o more_o than_o his_o own_o clear_a profit_n when_o before_o such_o improvement_n make_v little_a tithe_n be_v pay_v as_o for_o pasture-land_n be_v usual_a either_o a_o reservation_n to_o the_o parson_n of_o what_o be_v former_o pay_v out_o of_o such_o unimproved_a land_n or_o a_o certain_a modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o commodity_n plant_v may_v prove_v a_o very_a great_a encouragement_n to_o the_o husbandman_n a_o infinite_a advantage_n to_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n and_o not_o the_o least_o injury_n or_o loss_n to_o the_o clergy_n or_o impropriator_n some_o other_o impediment_n there_o be_v and_o also_o other_o proposition_n may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o and_o several_a other_o commodity_n but_o they_o require_v more_o time_n to_o treat_v of_o than_o in_o this_o place_n we_o may_v dispense_v withal_o hemp_n delight_v in_o the_o best_a land_n warm_a and_o sandy_a or_o a_o little_a hemp._n hemp._n gravelly_a so_o it_o be_v rich_a and_o of_o a_o deep_a soil_n cold_a clay_n wet_a and_o moorish_a be_v not_o good_a it_o be_v good_a to_o destroy_v weed_n on_o any_o land_n the_o best_a seed_n be_v the_o bright_a that_o will_v retain_v its_o colour_n and_o substance_n in_o rub_v three_o bushel_n will_v sow_v a_o acre_n the_o rich_a the_o land_n the_o thick_a it_o must_v be_v sow_o the_o poor_a the_o thin_a from_o the_o beginning_n to_o the_o end_n of_o april_n be_v the_o time_n of_o sow_v according_a as_o the_o spring_n fall_v out_o early_o or_o late_a it_o must_v be_v careful_o preserve_v from_o bird_n who_o will_v destroy_v many_o of_o the_o seed_n the_o season_n of_o gather_v of_o it_o be_v first_o about_o lammas_n when_o a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v ripe_a that_o be_v the_o light_a summer-hemp_n that_o bear_v no_o seed_n and_o be_v call_v the_o fimble-hemp_n and_o the_o stalk_v grow_v white_a and_o when_o it_o be_v ripe_a it_o be_v most_o easy_o discernible_a which_o be_v about_o that_o season_n to_o be_v pull_v forth_o and_o dry_v and_o lay_v up_o for_o use_n you_o must_v be_v cautious_a of_o break_v what_o you_o leave_v lest_o you_o spoil_v it_o you_o must_v let_v the_o other_o grow_v till_o the_o seed_n be_v ripe_a which_o will_v be_v about_o michaelmas_n or_o before_o and_o this_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o karle-hemp_n when_o you_o have_v gather_v and_o bind_v
a_o bush_n or_o suchlike_a they_o be_v sow_o at_o two_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n with_o other_o the_o like_a kitchin-tillage_n and_o also_o about_o midsummer_n or_o after_o in_o the_o legacy_n harlib_n legacy_n field_n for_o the_o use_n of_o cattle_n or_o any_o other_o use_n in_o holland_n they_o slice_v their_o turnip_n with_o their_o top_n and_o rape-seed_n cake_n and_o grain_n etc._n etc._n and_o therewith_o make_v mash_n for_o the_o cow_n and_o give_v it_o they_o warm_a which_o the_o cow_n will_v eat_v like_o hog_n cow_n and_o swine_n also_o will_v eat_v they_o raw_a if_o they_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o diet_n by_o give_v the_o turnip_n first_o boil_a unto_o they_o and_o then_o only_o scald_v and_o afterward_o they_o will_v eat_v they_o raw_a it_o be_v also_o report_v that_o at_o roven_n they_o boil_v turnip_n with_o the_o leave_n on_o they_o till_o they_o be_v tender_a and_o add_v thereto_o wheaten-bran_n and_o of_o the_o cake_n of_o rape-seed_n or_o lin-seed_n all_o which_o have_v a_o singular_a faculty_n of_o fat_a cattle_n but_o for_o milch-beast_n they_o put_v less_o of_o the_o seed_n this_o they_o give_v twice_o a_o day_n and_o be_v the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o feed_v for_o the_o winter_n only_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a neglect_n and_o deficiency_n in_o our_o english_a husbandry_n that_o this_o particular_a piece_n be_v no_o more_o prosecute_v see_v that_o the_o land_n it_o require_v need_v not_o be_v very_o rich_a and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sow_o as_o a_o second_o crop_n also_o especial_o after_o early-pease_n and_o that_o it_o supply_v the_o great_a want_n of_o fodder_n that_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o winter_n not_o only_o for_o fat_a beast_n swine_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o for_o our_o milk-cow_n sect_n vi_o of_o set_v of_o corn._n beside_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o sow_v of_o corn_n be_v there_o several_a other_o way_n of_o disperse_v it_o as_o by_o set_v and_o how_v of_o it_o in_o etc._n etc._n this_o art_n of_o set_v corn_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a as_o appear_v by_o virgil_n vnguibus_fw-la infodiunt_fw-la &_o ipsis_fw-la fruges_fw-la and_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n attempt_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o practice_n again_o as_o appear_v by_o mr._n platt_n adam_n tool_n revive_v print_v in_o the_o year_n 1600._o where_o he_o do_v very_o ingenious_o describe_v not_o only_o the_o way_n but_o the_o great_a advantage_n that_o accrue_v by_o this_o then_o new_a discovery_n the_o first_o part_n thereof_o give_v you_o the_o reason_n why_o corn_n sow_o in_o the_o common_a way_n yield_v not_o so_o great_a a_o increase_n as_o it_o do_v by_o be_v set_v then_o he_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o dig_v the_o land_n where_o you_o be_v to_o set_v your_o corn_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o than_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o description_n of_o his_o instrument_n whereof_o some_o be_v only_o many_o pin_n set_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o a_o board_n which_o compress_v on_o the_o earth_n make_v so_o many_o hole_n wherein_o the_o wheat-grain_n be_v to_o be_v drop_v one_o by_o one_o but_o because_o these_o be_v very_o unnecessary_a and_o troublesome_a and_o that_o there_o be_v new_a and_o better_a way_n find_v out_o i_o shall_v decline_v any_o further_a discourse_n about_o they_o also_o he_o give_v you_o the_o distance_n and_o depth_n where_o he_o observe_v that_o at_o three_o inch_n distance_n and_o three_o inch_n depth_n there_o have_v grow_v thirty_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n on_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o that_o four_o inch_n in_o depth_n and_o distance_n have_v yield_v but_o twenty_o quarter_n he_o also_o speak_v of_o five_o inch_n in_o depth_n and_o five_o in_o distance_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o diversity_n of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o these_o year_n wherein_o the_o experiment_n be_v prove_v may_v beget_v some_o difference_n afterward_o he_o advise_v in_o barren_a land_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n with_o some_o good_a mixture_n or_o fat_a compost_n or_o to_o imbibe_n the_o grain_n you_o set_v therewith_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o then_o mr._n gabriel_n platt_n succeed_v with_o his_o new_a and_o better_o treasure_n discovery_n of_o infinite_a treasure_n compose_v method_n of_o set_v corn_n whereby_o he_o pretend_v to_o remedy_v all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o former_a way_n by_o his_o two_o new_a invent_v engine_n the_o one_o for_o the_o more_o expeditious_a set_n of_o the_o corn_n the_o other_o for_o the_o lay_n up_o the_o land_n on_o ridge_n just_a on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o row_n of_o corn_n that_o neither_o surplusage_n of_o moisture_n may_v annoy_v it_o nor_o frost_n in_o winter_n kill_v it_o which_o way_n prevent_v the_o lay_v the_o land_n in_o high_a ridge_n before_o sow_v neither_o need_v the_o land_n be_v dig_v only_o plough_v harrow_v and_o then_o set_v the_o description_n of_o which_o engine_n for_o the_o set_n of_o corn_n he_o corn._n description_n of_o mr._n plat_n engine_n for_o set_v corn._n give_v you_o in_o these_o word_n let_v there_o be_v two_o board_n of_o equal_a breadth_n bore_v with_o wide_a hole_n at_o four_o inch_n distance_n and_o be_v set_v in_o a_o frame_n of_o two_o foot_n high_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o then_o let_v there_o be_v a_o funnel_n for_o every_o hole_n make_v of_o thin_a board_n about_o two_o inch_n square_a then_o for_o the_o top_n let_v there_o be_v two_o thin_a board_n of_o equal_a breadth_n bore_v likewise_o whereof_o the_o uppermost_a be_v to_o be_v bore_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n with_o hole_n long_o the_o one_o way_n than_o the_o other_o and_o be_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o thickness_n that_o but_o one_o corn_n only_o can_v lie_v in_o the_o hole_n the_o other_o board_n be_v to_o be_v bore_v with_o wide_a hole_n and_o to_o be_v loose_a that_o while_o the_o engine_n be_v charge_v the_o holey_n part_n may_v be_v under_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o uppermost_a board_n and_o when_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o the_o nether-work_n then_o to_o be_v move_v so_o that_o all_o the_o corn_n may_v drop_v down_o and_o for_o charge_v a_o little_a corn_n be_v sweep_v up_o and_o down_o by_o a_o broom_n or_o a_o brush_n will_v fill_v the_o hole_n and_o if_o any_o miss_n the_o workman_n may_v put_v in_o here_o and_o there_o a_o odd_a corn_n with_o his_o finger_n and_o then_o move_v the_o second_o board_n till_o the_o hole_n be_v answerable_a all_o the_o corn_n will_v drop_v down_o at_o a_o instant_n then_o let_v a_o large_a ledge_n be_v set_v about_o the_o top_n of_o the_o engine_n to_o keep_v the_o corn_n from_o spill_v and_o so_o be_v the_o upper-part_n thereof_o make_v and_o as_o for_o the_o nether-work_n it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o chargeable_a and_o intricate_a for_o there_o must_v be_v for_o every_o hole_n a_o little_a socket_n of_o brass_n cast_v with_o a_o verge_n to_o nail_v unto_o the_o nether-board_n about_o the_o hole_n which_o must_v be_v turn_v and_o bore_v all_o of_o one_o wideness_n to_o a_o hairs-breadth_n and_o 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observe_v say_v markham_n that_o if_o you_o can_v get_v any_o earth_n of_o fuller_n earth_n perfect_a and_o rich_a marle_n if_o then_o you_o can_v get_v of_o that_o earth_n which_o be_v call_v fullers-earth_n and_o where_o the_o one_o be_v not_o common_o the_o other_o be_v than_o you_o may_v use_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o you_o shall_v do_v marle_n and_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o near_o as_o profitable_a mr._n bernhard_n palisly_n that_o french_a author_n cite_v so_o often_o by_o sir_n hugh_n platt_n commend_v the_o same_o i_o have_v not_o know_v it_o at_o any_o time_n practise_v in_o england_n for_o the_o better_n of_o any_o ground_n say_v sir_n hugh_n platt_n but_o by_o all_o presumption_n the_o same_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v very_o rich_a because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o that_o vegetative_a salt_n which_o appear_v in_o these_o scour_a effect_n for_o the_o which_o it_o be_v divers_a way_n have_v in_o use_n among_o we_o clay_n be_v by_o many_o commend_v to_o 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according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o hasel-ground_n and_o this_o improvement_n say_v he_o be_v of_o no_o little_a value_n for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o land_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o fail_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o land_n thus_o improve_v that_o will_v not_o fail_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o and_o twenty_o year_n through_o the_o distemperature_n of_o the_o weather_n mr._n bernhard_n also_o affirm_v that_o all_o marl_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o clay-ground_n and_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o differ_v only_o in_o digestion_n from_o marle_n it_o be_v good_a to_o try_v it_o on_o several_a ground_n both_o arable_a and_o pasture_n and_o for_o several_a grain_n at_o several_a time_n in_o the_o year_n and_o in_o several_a proportion_n by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v find_v out_o the_o true_a value_n and_o effect_n of_o this_o and_o by_o the_o same_o method_n of_o all_o other_o subterraneal_a soil_n or_o manure_v and_o thereby_o raise_v unto_o yourself_o 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please_v and_o what_o with_o the_o heat_n and_o warmth_n of_o their_o body_n and_o the_o fatness_n of_o their_o dung_n and_o urine_n the_o sand_n will_v turn_v to_o excellent_a rich_a soil_n and_o go_v very_o far_o upon_o land_n and_o be_v more_o serviceable_a than_o you_o can_v conceive_v there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o earth_n that_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n for_o the_o earth_n of_o earth_n better_n of_o land_n as_o all_o earth_n of_o a_o saltish_a nature_n be_v fruitful_a especial_o all_o such_o earth_n as_o lie_n dry_v cover_v with_o hovel_z or_o house_n of_o which_o you_o make_v salt-petre_a be_v rich_a for_o land_n and_o so_o be_v old_a floor_n under_o any_o building_n mr_n platt_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v know_v many_o hundred_o load_n of_o earth_n sell_v for_o twelve_o penny_n a_o load_n be_v dig_v out_o of_o a_o meadow_n near_o to_o hampton-court_n which_o be_v carry_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n to_o the_o high_a ground_n and_o fertilize_v those_o ground_n wonderful_o 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and_o from_o fish_n and_o from_o other_o matter_n that_o putrify_v in_o the_o sea_n all_o which_o the_o water_n cast_v on_o shore_n and_o purge_v forth_o of_o itself_o and_o leaf_n in_o the_o sand_n while_o itself_o be_v clean_a and_o pure_a the_o sand_n of_o fresh_a river_n challenge_v also_o a_o place_n in_o our_o improvement_n be_v lay_v on_o land_n proper_a for_o the_o same_o but_o more_o especial_o if_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o any_o other_o matter_n as_o most_o usual_o it_o be_v where_o it_o be_v cast_v on_o shelf_n at_o the_o fall_v of_o some_o land-water_n descend_v from_o hill_n or_o highway_n in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n and_o many_o other_o part_n they_o make_v a_o rivers_n of_o seaweed_n and_o weed_n in_o rivers_n very_a great_a improvement_n of_o the_o seaweed_n for_o the_o soil_a and_o manure_v
this_o challenge_v the_o priority_n not_o only_o of_o the_o dung_n of_o fowl_n pigeons-dung_n of_o pigeons-dung_n but_o of_o all_o other_o creature_n whatsoever_o pigeon_n or_o hens-dung_n be_v incomparable_a one_o load_n be_v worth_a ten_o load_n of_o other_o dung_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v usual_o sow_o on_o wheat_n or_o barley_n that_o lie_v afar_o off_o and_o not_o easy_o to_o be_v help_v it_o be_v extraordinary_a likewise_o on_o a_o hop-garden_n a_o load_n of_o pigeons-dung_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o many_o part_n a_o very_a excellent_a soil_n for_o a_o cold_a moist-natured_n land_n i_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v sow_o by_o hand_n after_o the_o grain_n be_v sow_o and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o then_o harrow_v in_o with_o the_o grain_n and_o receive_v a_o very_a great_a increase_n on_o poor_a land_n i_o have_v know_v say_v platt_n a_o load_n of_o pigeons-dung_n fetch_v sixteen_o mile_n and_o a_o load_n of_o coal_n give_v for_o it_o which_o 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same_o in_o the_o wintertime_n and_o have_v nibble_v the_o wheat_n clean_o from_o the_o ground_n and_o dung_v it_o where_o they_o go_v in_o which_o passage_n the_o next_o year_n prove_v to_o be_v very_o gallant_a wheat_n far_o exceed_v any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o field_n like_o unto_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o a_o flock_n of_o wild-goose_n have_v pitch_v upon_o a_o parcel_n of_o green_a wheat_n and_o have_v eat_v it_o up_o clean_o and_o sit_v thereon_o and_o dung_v it_o several_a night_n that_o the_o owner_n despair_v of_o have_v any_o crop_n that_o year_n but_o the_o contrary_n happen_v for_o he_o have_v a_o far_o rich_a stock_n of_o wheat_n there_o than_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour_n have_v in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v to_o the_o admiration_n of_o all_o which_o demonstrate_v that_o this_o dung_n be_v of_o a_o very_a hot_a and_o fiery_a nature_n which_o occasion_v that_o barrenness_n false_o suggest_v to_o be_v in_o it_o and_o be_v lay_v abroad_o thin_a in_o the_o wintertime_n prove_v a_o very_a rich_a manure_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v esteem_v of_o and_o be_v mix_v with_o cool_a earth_n and_o let_v putrify_v some_o time_n may_v prove_v very_o much_o for_o your_o benefit_n therefore_o neglect_v it_o not_o but_o make_v several_a trial_n the_o advantage_n will_v be_v your_o own_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o dung_n of_o any_o other_o waterfowl_n although_o that_o urine_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o destructive_a and_o 50._o of_o urine_n explicatio_fw-la miraculi_fw-la mundi_fw-la p._n 50._o mortify_a nature_n to_o vegetable_n as_o glauber_n affirm_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o salarmoniacal_a and_o burn_a spirit_n that_o be_v therein_o as_o be_v evident_a to_o our_o sense_n upon_o the_o cast_n of_o new_a urine_n on_o nettle_n or_o other_o vegetable_n it_o soon_o destroy_v they_o but_o it_o be_v with_o this_o as_o with_o many_o other_o moist_a thing_n subject_a to_o putrefaction_n time_n will_v digest_v it_o and_o alter_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n thereof_o as_o it_o do_v wine_n or_o beer_n into_o vinegar_n so_o it_o will_v of_o this_o fiery_a matter_n produce_v a_o excellent_a soil_n as_o many_o have_v have_v the_o experience_n of_o mr._n hartlib_n testify_v that_o in_o holland_n they_o as_o careful_o preserve_v the_o cow_n urine_n as_o the_o dung_n to_o enrich_v their_o land_n columella_n in_o his_o book_n of_o husbandry_n say_v that_o old_a urine_n be_v excellent_a for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n i_o know_v a_o woman_n say_v mr._n hartlib_n who_o live_v five_o mile_n south_n of_o canterbury_n who_o save_v in_o a_o pail_n all_o the_o urine_n and_o when_o the_o pail_n be_v full_a sprinkle_v it_o on_o her_o meadow_n which_o cause_v the_o grass_n at_o first_o to_o look_v yellow_a but_o after_o a_o little_a time_n it_o grow_v wonderful_o another_o also_o say_v that_o man_n urine_n be_v of_o great_a worth_n and_o will_v improver_n english_a improver_n fatten_v land_n more_o than_o you_o be_v aware_a of_o and_o it_o be_v not_o ill_a husbandry_n to_o take_v all_o opportunity_n to_o preserve_v it_o for_o land_n and_o so_o of_o all_o other_o urine_n after_o the_o dutch_a manner_n humane_a ordure_n ought_v not_o here_o to_o be_v omit_v as_o a_o rich_a soil_n if_o the_o husbandman_n will_v be_v so_o careful_a as_o to_o place_v his_o house_n of_o office_n that_o he_o may_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n add_v some_o mixture_n of_o earth_n straw_n stubble_n or_o suchlike_a to_o reduce_v it_o into_o a_o necessary_a substance_n portable_a into_o his_o land_n or_o ground_n remote_a from_o his_o dwelling_n where_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v some_o convenient_a time_n in_o a_o heap_n to_o putrify_v together_o and_o then_o thin_o disperse_v prove_v a_o unexpected_a advantage_n sect_n v._o of_o several_a other_o soyl_n or_o manure_n ash_n contain_v in_o they_o very_o much_o of_o a_o rich_a and_o fertile_a salt_n as_o ash_n ash_n before_o we_o note_v and_o therefore_o not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v slight_v and_o neglect_v as_o they_o be_v be_v they_o of_o what_o kind_n or_o nature_n soever_o virgil._n ne_fw-la pudet_fw-la effoeto_n cinerem_fw-la immundum_fw-la jactare_fw-la per_fw-la agros_fw-la the_o wood-ash_n be_v the_o best_a and_o very_o useful_a yet_o after_o they_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o buck_v of_o clothes_n they_o be_v worth_a little_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o cold_a and_o moist_a land_n where_o i_o have_v know_v they_o also_o to_o avail_v much_o sea-coal_n ash_n with_o horse-dung_n make_v a_o excellent_a compost_n for_o divers_a use_n turf_n and_o peat-ash_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o rich_a be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o burn_a of_o land_n which_o most_o know_v to_o be_v a_o very_a great_a improvement_n and_o whereof_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v ash_n be_v a_o great_a curer_n of_o moss_n and_o rush_n in_o most_o ground_n the_o ash_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o vegetable_n be_v very_o profitable_a as_o divers_a place_n in_o england_n can_v testify_v by_o experience_n who_o consume_v their_o fearn_n stubble_n straw_n heath_n fur_n sedge_n bean-stalk_n and_o the_o very_a sward_n and_o swarth_a of_o their_o ground_n to_o ash_n and_o these_o according_a to_o the_o store_n of_o salt_n which_o their_o ash_n do_v contain_v do_v either_o for_o a_o long_o or_o short_a time_n enrich_v their_o barren_a ground_n mr._n platt_n high_o commend_v soap-ash_n after_o the_o soap-boiler_n have_v make_v what_o use_n of_o they_o they_o please_v to_o be_v a_o very_a great_a enrich_n to_o land_n and_o give_v you_o a_o instance_n of_o a_o stalk_v and_o ear_n of_o barley_n of_o a_o ell_n and_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n that_o grow_v on_o barren_a land_n enrich_v with_o soap-ash_n he_o also_o say_v he_o find_v the_o like_a success_n in_o pasture-ground_n in_o
lombardy_n they_o esteem_v they_o much_o above_o other_o dung_n it_o be_v best_a to_o lay_v they_o either_o on_o corn_n or_o pasture_n or_o meadow_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o the_o shower_n may_v the_o easy_o dissolve_v they_o soot_n also_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o to_o be_v very_o good_a especial_o that_o soot_n soot_n which_o be_v make_v of_o wood._n it_o be_v most_o beneficial_a to_o tree_n or_o plant_n that_o either_o grow_v in_o the_o shade_n or_o to_o cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n common_a salt_n may_v prove_v advantageous_a if_o use_v with_o moderation_n salt_n salt_n and_o discretion_n as_o well_o to_o saltish_a sand_n mud_n earth_n etc._n etc._n some_o commend_v very_o much_o the_o sweep_a of_o a_o ship_n of_o salt_n or_o drossy_a salt_n and_o brine_n it_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n as_o daily_a experience_n testify_v be_v dissolve_v and_o seed-corn_n steep_v therein_o to_o prevent_v the_o smut_n and_o add_v fertility_n as_o we_o note_v before_o in_o the_o 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hair_n that_o be_v get_v etc._n hair_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o hide_v of_o beast_n be_v thin_o lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o suffer_v to_o putrify_v also_o course_n wool-nippings_a and_o tarry_a pitch-mark_n may_v be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n have_v great_a virtue_n in_o they_o mault-dust_n be_v commend_v as_o a_o inrich_a of_o barren_a land_n but_o mault-dust_n mault-dust_n because_o great_a quantity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v thereof_o it_o be_v best_o to_o be_v use_v in_o garden_n where_o you_o will_v find_v it_o to_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n only_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o breed_v weed_n all_o sort_n of_o fearn_n straw_n brake_n stubble_n rush_n thistle_n etc._n fearn_n straw_n stubble_n etc._n etc._n leave_n of_o tree_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o vegetable_a trash_n whatever_o either_o cast_v into_o the_o yard_n among_o the_o cattle_n or_o swine_n or_o cast_v into_o pool_n or_o place_n to_o rot_v in_o or_o mix_v with_o other_o soil_n help_v very_o much_o and_o make_v very_o good_a compost_n all_o marrowbone_n fish-bone_n horn_n or_o shave_n of_o horn_n or_o etc._n bones_o horn_n stink_a flesh_n etc._n etc._n liquor_n wherein_o flesh_n or_o fish_n have_v lie_v or_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o have_v any_o oiliness_n or_o fatness_n in_o it_o be_v useful_a in_o husband_v land_n it_o be_v not_o much_o labour_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o bone_n of_o horse_n or_o other_o beast_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n at_o some_o dog-kennel_n which_o if_o being_n burn_v in_o heap_n with_o some_o small_a addition_n of_o fuel_n will_v be_v of_o good_a effect_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o land_n there_o be_v in_o all_o bark_n a_o very_a rich_a salt_n but_o in_o the_o oaken-bark_n the_o tree_n bark_n of_o tree_n most_o which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o principal_o by_o tanner_n but_o such_o bark_n or_o rind_n of_o tree_n not_o of_o so_o high_a a_o value_n be_v break_v into_o small_a piece_n must_v of_o necessity_n enrich_v either_o corn_n or_o pasture-ground_n be_v willow-tree_n earth_n in_o willow-tree_n lay_v thereon_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v much_o rich_a than_o the_o mould_n or_o earth_n usual_o find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o old_a large_a and_o hollow_a willow-tree_n that_o be_v putrify_v within_o which_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o effectual_a among_o the_o coal-mine_n they_o usual_o dig_v a_o kind_n of_o blue_a or_o black_a clay_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o coal_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o unripe_a coal_n which_o the_o countryman_n common_o call_v vrry_v which_o they_o urry_n urry_n lie_v on_o their_o pasture_n with_o wonderful_a success_n and_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o warm_a land_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o benefit_n raise_v plant_v and_o propagate_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o timber-tree_n and_o other_o tree_n useful_a either_o in_o building_n or_o other_o mechanic_n use_v or_o for_o fence_v fuel_n etc._n etc._n sect_n i._o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o propagate_a timber-tree_n and_o other_o tree_n in_o general_n the_o propagation_n of_o wood_n or_o tree_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o improvement_n that_o can_v be_v make_v on_o most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n for_o the_o particular_a advantage_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o countryman_n and_o in_o raise_v the_o yearly_a profit_n of_o his_o farm_n and_o very_o much_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o purchase_n thereof_o over_o and_o above_o the_o annual_a gain_n and_o nothing_o can_v render_v a_o seat_n more_o delectable_a and_o pleasant_a than_o wood_n and_o water_n but_o principal_o the_o curious_a grove_n surround_v or_o border_v near_o it_o what_o can_v be_v more_o profitable_a than_o wood_n or_o tree_n which_o will_v thrive_v and_o increase_v on_o the_o most_o barren_a and_o unfruitful_a land_n be_v it_o either_o wet_a or_o dry_a cold_a mountainous_a uneven_a remote_a or_o never_o so_o inapt_a for_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o culture_n where_o neither_o corn_n grass_n or_o any_o other_o necessary_a or_o useful_a 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barren_a dry_a and_o sandy_a ground_n hazel_n the_o hazel_n also_o mountain_n and_o rocky_a soil_n produce_v they_o but_o more_o prosperous_o in_o the_o fresh_a bottom_n and_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o in_o hedge-row_n they_o be_v best_a raise_v from_o the_o nut_n preserve_v moist_a not_o mouldy_a propagation_n propagation_n by_o lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leaf_n or_o in_o sand_n and_o sow_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n they_o be_v also_o propagate_v of_o set_v and_o sucker_n the_o young_a wand_n by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v cut_v the_o first_o year_n but_o the_o spring_n follow_v within_z three_z or_o four_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n great_a set_v may_v be_v cut_v within_o six_o inch_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o first_o year_n the_o use_n of_o hasel-pole_n and_o rod_n be_v general_o know_v to_o the_o use_n husbandman_n beside_o for_o fuel_n and_o charcoal_n it_o be_v the_o only_a plant_n for_o the_o virgula_fw-la divina_fw-la for_o the_o discovery_n of_o mine_n 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or_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la they_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v regard_v for_o that_o they_o thrive_v very_o well_o in_o shady_a place_n where_o except_o the_o filberd_n and_o the_o currant_n scarce_o any_o other_o fruit_n will_v prosper_v the_o damzin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a wholsome_a and_o most_o profitable_a of_o plum_n and_o deserve_v a_o place_n in_o your_o plantation_n mr._n hartlib_n legacy_n legacy_n give_v it_o as_o a_o deficiency_n that_o the_o great_a damzin_n or_o pruin-plum_n be_v neglect_v which_o grow_v well_o and_o bear_v full_a in_o england_n plum-tree_n and_o damzin_n may_v also_o be_v plant_v in_o hedge_n be_v ordinary_o thorny_a plant_n they_o will_v thrive_v there_o better_o than_o apple_n or_o pear_n the_o medlar_n be_v a_o fruit_n of_o very_a little_a use_n the_o reason_n i_o suppose_v medlar_n 9_o of_o medlar_n they_o be_v no_o more_o multiply_v yet_o have_v they_o be_v of_o long_o stand_v they_o be_v please_v to_o the_o palate_n this_o tree_n may_v serve_v to_o fill_v up_o a_o spare_a corner_n in_o your_o orchard_n if_o we_o can_v obtain_v the_o medlar_n without_o stone_n mention_v in_o the_o french_a gardener_n they_o will_v be_v better_a worth_n the_o plant_n the_o great_a dutch_a medlar_n be_v the_o best_a the_o barberry_n be_v a_o common_a plant_n in_o orchard_n and_o bear_v a_o fruit_n barberry_n 10_o of_o barberry_n very_o useful_a in_o housewifry_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o they_o although_o but_o one_o only_a common_a above_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o which_o bear_v its_o fruit_n without_o stone_n there_o be_v also_o another_o sort_n and_o chief_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a kind_n in_o that_o the_o berry_n be_v twice_o as_o big_a and_o more_o excellent_a to_o preserve_v mr._n hartlib_n condemn_v we_o much_o for_o neglect_v the_o propagation_n legacy_n 11_o of_o almond_n legacy_n of_o this_o tree_n which_o say_v he_o grow_v well_o and_o bear_v good_a fruit_n as_o he_o have_v see_v divers_a bushel_n on_o one_o tree_n in_o his_o brother_n orchard_n they_o grow_v large_a and_o upright_o and_o need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o a_o wall_n the_o almond_n be_v in_o some_o sweet_a in_o other_o a_o little_a bitter_a the_o tree_n be_v chief_o receive_v for_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o flower_n which_o be_v many_o early_a and_o of_o a_o fair_a pale_a red_a colour_n make_v a_o fine_a show_n in_o a_o garden_n the_o common_a service-tree_n grow_v wild_a in_o many_o place_n but_o service-tree_n 12_o of_o the_o service-tree_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n thereof_o more_o rare_a which_o by_o long_o stand_v grow_v to_o a_o fair_a tree_n with_o many_o branch_n set_v with_o wing_a leaf_n like_o those_o of_o the_o ash_n but_o small_a and_o indent_v about_o the_o edge_n the_o flower_n grow_v in_o cluster_n succeed_v by_o fruit_n in_o some_o
other_o choice_a plum_n upon_o or_o for_o the_o bud_a of_o aprecock_n and_o peach_n but_o for_o a_o nectorine_n a_o peach-stock_n be_v most_o proper_a the_o stone_n of_o aprecock_n and_o peach_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o set_n for_o stock_n to_o inoculate_v with_o other_o good_a kind_n in_o respect_n their_o root_n be_v spongy_a and_o will_v neither_o last_v nor_o endure_v to_o be_v transplant_v therefore_o the_o stone_n of_o plum_n and_o cherry_n be_v chief_o for_o that_o purpose_n to_o be_v regard_v except_o the_o peach-stock_n for_o the_o nectorine_n goosberry_n and_o currant_n be_v inoculate_v on_o their_o own_o kind_n etc._n goosberry_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v plum_n apple_n pear_n and_o cherry_n sect_n iv_o of_o the_o nursery_n for_o stock_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o stock_n to_o graft_n and_o inoculate_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n you_o intend_v to_o propagate_v and_o advance_v and_o also_o to_o pleasure_v yourself_o with_o such_o that_o may_v be_v suitable_a for_o your_o intend_a purpose_n and_o not_o to_o be_v enforce_v to_o rely_v on_o such_o that_o the_o country_n spontaneous_o afford_v either_o for_o quantity_n or_o quality_n prepare_v a_o bed_n of_o earth_n well_o dress_v from_o weed_n proportionable_a to_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v and_o therein_o sow_v your_o kernel_n of_o crab_n or_o such_o like_a apple_n as_o you_o intend_v to_o raise_v your_o stock_n from_o and_o cover_v they_o with_o earth_n sift_v or_o rake_v over_o they_o two_o or_o three_o finger_n thick_a this_o may_v be_v do_v about_o october_n and_o so_o let_v lie_v till_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o stone_n of_o fruit_n you_o may_v prick_v they_o down_o in_o row_v two_o or_o three_o finger_n deep_a with_o the_o sharp_a end_n downward_o you_o may_v also_o cover_v they_o with_o long_a dung_n or_o straw_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o frost_n which_o in_o april_n you_o may_v take_v off_o and_o in_o may_v they_o will_v come_v up_o and_o be_v keep_v from_o weed_n in_o two_o year_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o remove_v into_o other_o bed_n prepare_v for_o that_o purpose_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o a_o more_o convenient_a distance_n and_o better_a order_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o conveniency_n of_o the_o grafter_n in_o autumn_n be_v the_o most_o convenient_a time_n for_o this_o purpose_n though_o it_o may_v be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n or_o spring_n before_o they_o bud_v let_v they_o be_v set_v in_o row_v about_o two_o foot_n distance_n or_o as_o best_o please_v yourself_o and_o the_o plant_n in_o each_o row_n about_o six_o or_o eight_o inch_n apart_o for_o the_o better_a conveniency_n of_o transplant_n they_o make_v the_o hole_n with_o a_o ordinary_a setting-stick_a and_o cut_v off_o the_o downright_a root_n and_o the_o top_n and_o side-branche_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o fasten_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o let_v not_o the_o root_n be_v too_o long_o nor_o set_v deep_a because_o they_o be_v afterward_o remove_v with_o more_o difficulty_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o remove_v seed-plant_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o get_v good_a root_n which_o otherwise_o they_o general_o thrust_v down_o one_o single_a root_n only_o the_o nursery_n thus_o set_v may_v be_v ready_a after_o one_o year_n to_o inoculate_v and_o after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o graft_v crab-stock_n or_o apple-stock_n thus_o raise_v be_v better_o than_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o wood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n let_v the_o kernel_n you_o raise_v your_o nursery_n from_o consist_v most_o or_o altogether_o of_o crab_n or_o wilding_n for_o the_o apple-graft_n tree_n graft_v on_o a_o gennet-moyl_a or_o cider-stock_n preserve_v best_o the_o gust_n of_o any_o delicate_a apple_n but_o on_o a_o crab-stock_n the_o tree_n last_v long_o and_o impart_v a_o more_o juicy_a and_o tart_a relish_n and_o so_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o most_o sort_n of_o apple_n the_o wild_a stock_n do_v enliven_v the_o dull_a and_o phlegmatic_a apple_n and_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o gennet-moyl_a sweeten_v and_o improve_v the_o pepin_n etc._n etc._n or_o may_v rather_o seem_v to_o abate_v some_o apple_n over-tart_a and_o severe_a the_o same_o rule_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o stock_n for_o pear_n plum_n cherry_n aprecock_n etc._n etc._n the_o more_o acid_n the_o stock_n the_o more_o life_n it_o give_v to_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o graft_n as_o the_o black_a cherry_n or_o the_o cherrytree_n be_v the_o only_a stock_n for_o the_o cherry_n etc._n etc._n although_o the_o fruit_n do_v general_o take_v after_o the_o graft_n yet_o be_v it_o somewhat_o alter_v by_o the_o stock_n either_o for_o the_o better_a or_o the_o worse_o as_o apple_n or_o other_o fruit_n graft_v on_o stock_n select_a as_o before_o advance_v or_o meliorate_v they_o so_o if_o they_o be_v graft_v on_o stock_n of_o another_o contrary_a nature_n much_o debase_v the_o gust_n of_o the_o fruit._n the_o pear_n graft_v on_o a_o quince-stock_n produce_v its_o fruit_n better_o than_o the_o same_o kind_n upon_o a_o wild_a pear-stock_n and_o fair_a much_o better_a colour_v and_o the_o tree_n to_o bear_v soon_o and_o more_o store_n of_o fruit_n for_o the_o fruit_n not_o only_o receive_v something_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o stock_n as_o well_o as_o the_o graff_n but_o also_o of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o they_o be_v plant_v and_o of_o the_o compost_n apply_v unto_o they_o therefore_o choose_v a_o plat_n of_o ground_n for_o your_o seminary_n and_o nursery_n that_o may_v be_v of_o a_o indifferent_a nature_n not_o too_o much_o enrich_v with_o dung_n nor_o too_o sterile_a lie_v warm_a the_o mould_n light_n that_o the_o stock_n may_v the_o better_o thrive_v also_o let_v your_o stock_n be_v of_o fruit_n select_a as_o before_o for_o that_o purpose_n if_o you_o desire_v to_o raise_v dwarf-tree_n let_v the_o stock_n whereon_o you_o graff_n they_o be_v of_o the_o paradise-apple_n for_o apple_n of_o the_o quince_n for_o pear_n of_o the_o morello_n or_o common_a english_a cherry_n for_o cherry_n and_o so_o will_v they_o be_v the_o more_o fit_a for_o the_o wall_n or_o for_o standard_n be_v keep_v low_o according_a to_o the_o new_a mode_n though_o i_o see_v but_o little_a pleasure_n or_o profit_n in_o that_o way_n the_o best_a way_n and_o most_o expeditious_a to_o raise_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o quince-stock_n for_o your_o nursery_n be_v to_o cut_v down_o a_o old_a quince-tree_n in_o march_n within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o will_v cause_v a_o multitude_n of_o sucker_n to_o rise_v from_o the_o root_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v half_o a_o yard_n high_a cover_v they_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o foot_n thick_a with_o good_a earth_n which_o in_o dry_a time_n must_v be_v water_v and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v put_v forth_o root_n in_o winter_n remove_v they_o into_o your_o nursery_n where_o in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o they_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o graft_v with_o pear_n plum-stock_n and_o cherry-stock_n may_v be_v raise_v from_o sucker_n as_o well_o as_o from_o stone_n have_v regard_n to_o the_o kind_n whence_o they_o proceed_v sect_n v._o of_o the_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o graft_v have_v thus_o prepare_v your_o nursery_n and_o raise_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o stock_n to_o graff_n or_o inoculate_v on_o you_o must_v consider_v the_o several_a way_n the_o several_a kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v to_o be_v propagate_v and_o which_o be_v most_o suitable_a and_o also_o the_o several_a time_n and_o season_n wherein_o to_o graff_n and_o wherein_o to_o inoculate_v the_o time_n to_o graff_n in_o be_v most_o usual_o in_o february_n and_o march_n graft_n 1_o the_o time_n for_o graft_n but_o i_o have_v graft_v even_o unto_o mid-april_n some_o backward_a fruit_n and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n you_o may_v begin_v also_o in_o january_n especial_o with_o the_o more_o forward_a fruit_n as_o plum_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n such_o that_o have_v many_o to_o do_v or_o much_o employment_n other_o way_n may_v begin_v more_o early_o lest_o they_o want_v time_n you_o may_v either_o graff_n or_o inoculate_v at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n except_o october_n and_o november_n say_v stephens_n the_o author_n of_o the_o country_n farmer_n but_o whether_o that_o may_v be_v practise_v with_o success_n in_o these_o cold_a country_n i_o much_o question_n but_o doubtless_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o season_n do_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o growth_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o graff_n as_o mild_a wether_n in_o december_n or_o january_n may_v be_v better_o for_o this_o work_n than_o frosty_a wether_n in_o february_n frost_n wether_n at_o no_o time_n be_v fit_a to_o graff_n in_o when_o the_o zephyr_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v stir_v choose_v
be_v well_o place_v to_o the_o wall_n for_o if_o any_o branch_n happen_v to_o be_v wreathe_v or_o bruise_v in_o the_o bend_n or_o turn_v which_o you_o may_v not_o easy_o perceive_v although_o it_o do_v grow_v and_o prosper_v for_o the_o present_a yet_o it_o will_v decay_v in_o time_n the_o sap_n or_o gum_n will_v also_o spew_v out_o in_o that_o place_n by_o neglect_n of_o this_o observation_n many_o seem_a fair_a tree_n decay_v in_o several_a part_n when_o the_o husbandman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n in_o prune_v the_o vine_n leave_v some_o new_a branch_n every_o year_n and_o take_v away_o if_o too_o many_o some_o of_o the_o old_a which_o much_o advantage_v the_o tree_n and_o increase_v its_o fruit_n when_o you_o cut_v your_o vine_n leave_v two_o knot_n and_o cut_v at_o the_o next_o interval_n for_o usual_o the_o two_o bud_n yield_v a_o bunch_n of_o grape_n i_o have_v observe_v vine_n thus_o prune_v to_o bear_v many_o fair_a bunch_n when_o cut_v close_o as_o usual_o be_v do_v for_o beauty_n sake_n which_o by_o the_o husbandman_n be_v not_o in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v regard_v the_o tree_n have_v be_v almost_o barren_a of_o fruit._n when_o you_o cut_v any_o pithy_a tree_n the_o vine_n especial_o make_v your_o lance_n if_o the_o sprig_n be_v upright_o on_o the_o north-side_n if_o slope_v then_o make_v your_o lance_n under_o or_o on_o one_o side_n that_o the_o wet_a or_o rain_n lodge_v not_o on_o it_o nor_o decay_v the_o pith_n which_o usual_o damnify_v the_o next_o bud_n and_o sometime_o more_o sect_n xi_o other_o necessary_a observation_n about_o fruit-tree_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v shallow_a or_o lie_v near_o gravel_n clay_n stone_n land_n 1_o of_o the_o raise_n of_o land_n or_o chalk_n or_o near_o the_o water_n take_v the_o top_n of_o one_o half_a of_o the_o same_o land_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o other_o in_o ridge_n abate_v the_o interval_n like_v unto_o walk_n and_o plant_v the_o tree_n on_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ridge_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o will_v have_v double_a the_o quantity_n of_o earth_n to_o root_v in_o that_o they_o have_v before_o and_o the_o walk_n or_o interval_n preserve_v the_o ridge_n from_o superfluous_a moisture_n it_o have_v be_v find_v a_o approve_a remedy_n in_o dry_a shallow_a land_n as_o well_o as_o in_o low_a wet_a land_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o pear-tree_n will_v thrive_v and_o prosper_v pear-tree_n pear-tree_n in_o cold_a moist_a hungry_a stony_a and_o gravelly_a land_n where_o apple_n will_v not_o bear_v so_o well_o the_o root_n of_o such_o tree_n that_o thrive_v not_o nor_o bear_v well_o may_v tree_n 2_o of_o the_o order_n the_o root_n of_o old_a tree_n be_v lay_v open_a about_o november_n and_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v poor_a and_o hungry_a then_o towards_o the_o spring_n apply_v good_a fat_a mould_n thereto_o but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v over-fat_a and_o rich_a that_o the_o tree_n spend_v itself_o in_o branch_n and_o leave_n with_o little_a fruit_n then_o apply_v to_o the_o root_n ash_n or_o lime_n or_o any_o of_o the_o compost_n that_o be_v salt_n hot_a and_o dry_a mix_v with_o the_o earth_n which_o contain_v more_o of_o fertility_n than_o the_o ordinary_a dung_n also_o lay_v store_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o vegetable_n all_o the_o summer_n about_o the_o root_n of_o fruit-tree_n to_o kill_v the_o grass_n and_o weed_n grow_v about_o the_o tree_n it_o keep_v the_o ground_n moist_a and_o cool_a and_o add_v much_o to_o the_o flourish_a and_o fertility_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o be_v the_o best_a natural_a remedy_n against_o the_o moss_n so_o that_o it_o lie_v not_o too_o near_o the_o tree_n to_o decay_v the_o bark_n thereof_o digging_z or_o plough_v about_o the_o root_n of_o fruit-tree_n add_v much_o to_o their_o fertility_n and_o prevent_v the_o moss_n in_o most_o tree_n stone_n lay_v in_o heap_n about_o the_o root_n preserve_v they_o cool_v and_o moist_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o warm_a in_o winter_n and_o be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o concernment_n to_o the_o fertility_n and_o advance_v of_o the_o growth_n of_o fruit-tree_n the_o ground_n wherein_o you_o plant_v your_o fruit-tree_n if_o you_o find_v it_o ground_n 3_o alteration_n of_o ground_n not_o suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v several_a way_n alter_v as_o before_o and_o by_o the_o apply_v of_o earth_n day_n or_o sand_n of_o a_o divers_a nature_n from_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o tree_n grow_v if_o your_o orchard_n or_o garden_n be_v not_o natural_o well_o situate_a and_o wind_n 4_o defend_v tree_n from_o wind_n defend_v from_o the_o injurious_a wind_n by_o hill_n or_o wood_n or_o that_o building_n barn_n wall_n or_o such_o like_a be_v not_o convenient_o situate_a near_o to_o preserve_v it_o it_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o raise_v a_o perpetual_a last_a and_o pleasant_a shelter_n by_o plant_v a_o complete_a thorn-hedge_n about_o the_o same_o at_o the_o time_n or_o in_o that_o year_n you_o white-thorn_n white-thorn_n first_o plant_v your_o 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together_o and_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o height_n the_o first_o year_n which_o will_v prove_v and_o thrive_v wonderful_o especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v any_o whit_n inclineable_a to_o moisture_n or_o the_o lime-tree_n if_o you_o can_v convenient_o obtain_v they_o make_v lime-tree_n lime-tree_n a_o close_a and_o secure_a defence_n from_o the_o wind_n and_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o odoriferous_a regular_a and_o delicious_a verdant_a pale_a to_o a_o garden_n or_o orchard_n the_o sycamore_n and_o the_o elm_n also_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reject_v only_o the_o elm_n have_v a_o ill_a name_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o raise_v or_o attract_v blight_n at_o the_o removal_n of_o tree_n the_o trim_n of_o the_o root_n plant_v stock_n 5_o raise_v stock_n or_o rather_o bury_v in_o the_o ground_n within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o little_o more_o of_o the_o level_n of_o the_o bed_n will_v sprout_v and_o grow_v to_o be_v very_o good_a stock_n pigeon_n dung_n or_o the_o dung_n of_o poultry_n or_o any_o fowl_n be_v of_o fruit-tree_n 6_o soil_n for_o fruit-tree_n a_o hot_a dry_a and_o salt_n nature_n have_v be_v experimental_o find_v to_o be_v the_o soil_n most_o conduce_v to_o fertility_n for_o fruit-tree_n especial_o in_o cold_a ground_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o select_v aspire_a tree_n and_o to_o expect_v the_o fair_a tree_n 7_o height_n of_o tree_n tree_n because_o tall_a and_o better_o and_o more_o fruit_n than_o those_o that_o be_v low_a it_o be_v true_a the_o more_o remote_a the_o branch_n be_v from_o the_o earth_n the_o less_o be_v they_o subject_a to_o the_o injury_n of_o cattle_n or_o the_o fruit_n to_o light_a finger_n but_o the_o low_a the_o tree_n branch_v itself_o and_o spread_v the_o fair_a and_o soon_o will_v it_o attain_v to_o be_v a_o tree_n and_o the_o great_a burden_n will_v it_o bear_v of_o fruit_n and_o those_o better_a and_o large_a the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n will_v also_o be_v less_o obvious_a to_o the_o furious_a wind_n which_o 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cider_n stand_v in_o a_o what_fw-mi cover_v to_o ferment_n a_o day_n and_o night_n before_o you_o tun_n it_o up_o and_o then_o draw_v it_o from_o the_o what_fw-mi by_o a_o tap_n about_o two_o inch_n from_o the_o bottom_n or_o more_o according_a to_o discretion_n leave_v the_o fece_n behind_o which_o will_v not_o be_v lose_v if_o you_o put_v it_o up_o on_o the_o chaff_n for_o than_o it_o meliorates_fw-la your_o pur_fw-it or_o water-cider_n if_o you_o make_v any_o when_o your_o cider_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o barrel_n where_o you_o intend_v to_o keep_v it_o leave_v some_o small_a vent_n open_a for_o several_a day_n until_o its_o wild_a spirit_n be_v spend_v which_o will_v otherwise_o break_v the_o barrel_n or_o find_v some_o vent_n that_o will_v always_o abide_v open_a though_o but_o small_a to_o the_o ruin_n of_o your_o cider_n many_o have_v spoil_v their_o cider_n by_o this_o only_a neglect_n and_o never_o apprehend_v the_o cause_n thereof_o which_o when_o stop_v close_o after_o 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wine_n of_o plum_n as_o cherry-wine_n yet_o where_o plum_n be_v in_o great_a plenty_n they_o be_v tree_n easy_o propagate_v a_o very_a good_a wine_n may_v be_v make_v of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o great_a diversity_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o fruit_n you_o must_v expect_v divers_a liquor_n to_o proceed_v from_o they_o the_o black_a tawny_a plum_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a this_o fruit_n yield_v a_o good_a wine_n be_v prepare_v by_o a_o skilful_a mulberry-wine_n mulberry-wine_n hand_n the_o natural_a juice_n serve_v and_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n to_o add_v a_o tincture_n to_o other_o pale_a wine_n or_o liquor_n england_n yield_v not_o a_o fruit_n whereof_o can_v be_v make_v a_o more_o pleasant_a rasberry-wine_n rasberry-wine_n drink_n or_o rather_o wine_n than_o of_o this_o humble_a fruit_n if_o compound_v with_o other_o wine_n or_o drink_n it_o animate_v they_o with_o so_o high_a a_o fragrant_a savour_n and_o gust_n that_o it_o tempt_v the_o most_o curious_a palate_n the_o juice_n of_o this_o fruit_n boil_v with_o a_o proportionable_a addition_n curran_n wine_n of_o curran_n of_o water_n and_o sugar_n make_v a_o very_a pleasant_a wine_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o taste_v it_o be_v due_o ferment_v and_o bottle_a a_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o fruit_n may_v also_o be_v raise_v in_o a_o little_a ground_n and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o goosberry_n extract_v in_o its_o due_a time_n and_o gooseberry-wine_n gooseberry-wine_n mix_v with_o water_n and_o sugar_n be_v prepare_v a_o very_a pleasant_a cool_a repast_n this_o fruit_n be_v easy_o propagate_v and_o yield_v much_o liquor_n it_o be_v usual_o make_v unboiled_a because_o it_o contract_v a_o brown_a colour_n in_o the_o boil_a as_o for_o any_o other_o liquor_n preservation_n or_o conservation_n of_o these_o or_o any_o other_o fruit_n i_o leave_v you_o to_o the_o many_o tract_n publish_v already_o on_o that_o subject_a chap._n viii_o of_o such_o tillage_n herb_n root_n and_o fruit_n that_o be_v usual_o plant_v and_o propagate_v in_o garden_n and_o garden-ground_n either_o for_o necessary_a food_n use_v or_o advantage_n most_o of_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o tillage_n whereof_o we_o be_v now_o general_n the_o advantage_n of_o garden-tillage_n in_o general_n to_o treat_v in_o this_o chapter_n will_v raise_v unto_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n a_o extraordinary_a advantage_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v among_o the_o least_o of_o improvement_n for_o each_o sort_n be_v proper_o plant_v in_o such_o ground_n they_o most_o natural_o delight_v in_o and_o be_v well_o husbandried_a and_o judicious_o order_v produce_v a_o incredible_a advantage_n but_o think_v not_o this_o strange_a that_o common_a and_o well-known_a plant_n that_o be_v so_o natural_a to_o our_o english_a soil_n shall_v prove_v so_o beneficial_a it_o be_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o that_o some_o man_n be_v more_o industrious_a and_o ingenious_a than_o other_o for_o these_o garden-plant_n prosper_v not_o without_o great_a labour_n care_n and_o skill_n and_o beside_o be_v subject_n more_o than_o other_o to_o the_o injury_n of_o unseasonable_a weather_n neither_o of_o which_o the_o slothful_a or_o ignorant_a husbandman_n can_v away_o with_o affect_v only_o such_o thing_n that_o will_v grow_v with_o least_o toil_n hazard_n or_o expense_n though_o they_o feed_v on_o bread_n and_o water_n when_o the_o diligent_a and_o industrious_a adventurer_n live_v like_o a_o petty_a prince_n on_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o labour_n and_o expectation_n which_o sufficient_o repay_v his_o expense_n and_o hazard_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o find_v any_o trade_n occupation_n or_o employment_n that_o a_o man_n may_v presume_v on_o a_o large_a and_o noble_a requital_n of_o his_o time_n cost_n or_o industry_n but_o it_o be_v hazardous_a especial_o to_o such_o that_o attempt_v the_o same_o without_o a_o special_a affectation_n thereunto_o or_o skill_n therein_o nil_fw-la tam_fw-la difficile_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la solertia_fw-la vincet_fw-la so_o this_o art_n and_o employment_n of_o plant_v propagate_a and_o increase_v of_o hop_n saffron_n liquorice_n cabbage_n onion_n and_o other_o garden-commodity_n be_v casual_a and_o more_o subject_a to_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n than_o common_o corn_n or_o grass_n be_v make_v it_o so_o much_o neglect_v for_o one_o bad_a crop_n or_o bad_a year_n for_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v more_o discourage_v a_o countryman_n from_o a_o plantation_n thereof_o than_o five_o good_a crop_n though_o never_o so_o profitable_a and_o advantageous_a shall_v encourage_v ignorant_a and_o self-willed_a man_n be_v natural_o so_o prone_a to_o raise_v objection_n on_o purpose_n to_o deter_v themselves_o and_o other_o from_o any_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_n either_o pleasant_a or_o profitable_a but_o we_o hope_v better_o of_o the_o ingenious_a that_o they_o will_v set_v to_o their_o help_a hand_n to_o promote_v this_o useful_a and_o necessary_a art_n and_o thereby_o become_v a_o provoke_a precedent_n to_o their_o ignorant_a neighbour_n that_o our_o land_n may_v be_v a_o land_n of_o plenty_n that_o it_o may_v superabound_v with_o necessary_n and_o rather_o afford_v a_o supply_n to_o their_o neighbour_n than_o expect_v it_o from_o they_o as_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o do_v in_o several_a sort_n of_o those_o thing_n we_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o book_n those_o of_o our_o own_o growth_n also_o far_o exceed_v that_o we_o have_v abroad_o which_o inconvenience_n and_o disadvantage_n nothing_o can_v better_v prevent_v than_o our_o own_o industry_n and_o ingenuity_n beside_o most_o of_o this_o garden-tillage_n be_v of_o late_a year_n become_v a_o more_o general_a food_n than_o former_o it_o be_v scarce_o a_o table_n well_o furnish_v without_o some_o dish_n of_o choice_a root_n or_o herb_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o pleasant_a to_o the_o rich_a but_o good_a for_o the_o poor_a labour_a man_n many_o where_o plenty_n be_v
feed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o tillage_n which_o have_v occasion_v that_o great_a increase_n of_o garden_n and_o plantation_n in_o most_o of_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o england_n several_a sort_n also_o of_o tillage_n be_v profitable_a in_o the_o feed_n of_o cattle_n and_o fowl_n sect_n i._o of_o hops_n we_o mention_v this_o plant_n in_o the_o first_o place_n not_o for_o his_o worth_n or_o dignity_n above_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v esteem_v a_o unwholesome_a herb_n or_o flower_n for_o the_o use_v it_o be_v usual_o put_v unto_o which_o may_v also_o be_v supply_v with_o several_a other_o wholesome_a and_o better_a herb_n but_o for_o that_o of_o all_o other_o plant_n it_o advance_v land_n to_o the_o high_a improvement_n usual_o to_o forty_o pound_n or_o fifty_o pound_n sometime_o to_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la acre_n and_o yet_o have_v we_o not_o enough_o plant_v to_o serve_v the_o kingdom_n but_o yearly_o make_v use_n of_o flemish_a hop_n nothing_o near_o so_o good_a as_o 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of_o they_o as_o in_o flanders_n holland_n etc._n etc._n our_o land_n be_v as_o cheap_a and_o afford_v as_o great_a a_o crop_n if_o as_o well_o husbandried_a and_o we_o pay_v not_o for_o carriage_n so_o far_o but_o that_o they_o be_v more_o industrious_a than_o we_o therefore_o see_v that_o be_v so_o gainful_a a_o commodity_n to_o the_o husbandman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o sufficient_a vent_n for_o they_o at_o home_n we_o shall_v be_v the_o more_o prolix_a in_o the_o subsequent_a discourse_n the_o hop_v delight_n in_o the_o rich_a land_n a_o deep_a mould_n and_o hop-garden_n best_a land_n and_o situation_n for_o a_o hop-garden_n light_n if_o mix_v with_o sand_n it_o be_v the_o better_a a_o black_a garden-mould_n be_v excellent_a for_o the_o hop_v if_o it_o lie_v near_o the_o water_n and_o may_v be_v lay_v dry_a it_o be_v by_o much_o the_o better_o most_o sort_n of_o land_n will_v serve_v unless_o stony_a rocky_a or_o stiff_a clay-ground_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v commend_v 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hop_n manner_n of_o water_v hop_n 1674._o prove_v a_o great_a check_n to_o the_o hop_n in_o its_o first_o spring_v especial_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a ground_n in_o such_o year_n it_o be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o water_v they_o if_o it_o can_v with_o conveniency_n be_v obtain_v either_o from_o some_o rivulet_n or_o stream_n run_v through_o or_o near_o your_o hop-garden_n or_o from_o some_o well_o dig_v there_o or_o out_o of_o some_o pond_n make_v with_o clay_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o your_o ground_n to_o receive_v hasty_a shower_n by_o small_a aqueduct_n lead_v unto_o it_o which_o be_v the_o best_a water_n of_o all_o for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o every_o hill_n make_v a_o hollow_a place_n and_o thrust_v some_o point_a stick_n or_o iron_n down_o in_o the_o middle_n thereof_o and_o pour_v in_o your_o water_n by_o degree_n till_o you_o think_v the_o hill_n be_v well_o soak_v then_o cover_v the_o hill_n with_o the_o paring_n of_o your_o garden_n as_o before_o we_o 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and_o root_n which_o will_v make_v excellent_a set_v be_v cut_v about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n long_o the_o branch_n also_o may_v be_v slip_v and_o plant_v if_o it_o prove_v moist_a weather_n they_o will_v many_o of_o they_o grow_v these_o may_v serve_v to_o thicken_v where_o they_o be_v too_o thin_a the_o usual_a and_o best_a time_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o liquorice_n be_v in_o set_v time_n and_o manner_n of_o set_v february_n and_o march_n about_o a_o foot_n distance_n be_v usual_a to_o plant_v your_o set_v in_o row_v by_o a_o line_n in_o hole_n make_v with_o a_o setting-stick_a deep_a enough_o to_o contain_v the_o plant_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hole_n earth_n it_o up_o and_o if_o they_o prove_v dry_a water_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v set_v and_o so_o for_o several_a day_n until_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o witheredness_n the_o first_o year_n you_o may_v sow_v the_o ground_n with_o onion_n lettuce_n or_o suchlike_a herb_n then_o afterward_o 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preserve_v they_o over_o the_o winter_n or_o you_o may_v raise_v they_o in_o your_o hot_a bed_n at_o the_o spring_n and_o remove_v they_o when_o they_o have_v indifferent_a large_a leaf_n into_o good_a land_n prepare_v for_o that_o purpose_n but_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v small_a pit_n and_o fill_v they_o with_o good_a rich_a light_a mould_n and_o therein_o plant_v your_o coleflower_n which_o must_v be_v careful_o water_v there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o cabbage_n and_o of_o several_a colour_n and_o colewort_n cabbage_n and_o colewort_n form_n but_o we_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a cabbage_n and_o colewort_n be_v sufficient_a for_o our_o country-kitchin_n the_o seed_n be_v to_o be_v sow_o between_o midsummer_n and_o michaelmas_n that_o it_o may_v gain_v strength_n to_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o winter_n which_o nevertheless_o it_o can_v hardly_o do_v in_o some_o year_n or_o you_o may_v raise_v they_o 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plant_v weed_n dress_n and_o cure_v of_o it_o and_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n be_v very_o great_a from_o ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la acre_n to_o thirty_o or_o forty_o pound_n per_fw-la acre_n all_o charge_n pay_v before_o the_o last_o severe_a law_n many_o plantation_n be_v in_o gloucestershire_n devonshire_n somersetshire_n and_o oxfordshire_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o many_o hundred_o of_o acre_n some_o object_n that_o our_o english-tobacco_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o foreign_a but_o if_o it_o be_v as_o well_o respect_v by_o the_o vulgar_a let_v the_o more_o curious_a take_v the_o other_o that_o be_v dear_a although_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v better_a than_o foreign_a have_v a_o more_o hautgust_n which_o please_v some_o if_o other_o like_v it_o not_o they_o may_v in_o the_o cure_n of_o it_o make_v it_o mild_a and_o by_o that_o mean_n alter_v or_o change_v it_o as_o they_o please_v it_o have_v be_v often_o sell_v in_o london_n for_o spanish_a tobacco_n 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or_o cowdung_n to_o be_v mix_v therewith_o in_o the_o dig_v or_o trench_v to_o enrich_v it_o but_o if_o the_o ground_n or_o mould_n incline_v to_o a_o cold_a clay_n or_o stiff_a ground_n then_o procure_v some_o good_a light_a and_o fertile_a sand_n or_o mould_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o mix_v with_o your_o dung_n in_o some_o corner_n of_o your_o ground_n equal_o together_o and_o suffer_v it_o so_o to_o lie_v and_o rot_v over_o the_o winter_n which_o in_o the_o spring_n will_v prove_v a_o excellent_a warm_a manure_n to_o lay_v to_o the_o root_n of_o your_o plant_n or_o to_o make_v whole_a bed_n thereof_o by_o mix_v it_o in_o good_a quantity_n with_o the_o natural_a soil_n and_o if_o you_o can_v procure_v it_o with_o conveniency_n the_o more_o of_o pigeons-dung_n poultry-dung_n or_o sheeps-dung_n you_o mix_v with_o it_o the_o light_a and_o warm_a it_o will_v be_v also_o a_o equal_a composition_n or_o mixture_n of_o dung_n and_o earth_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v lay_v by_o that_o it_o 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much_o break_v the_o wind_n and_o these_o shelve_v side_n will_v much_o expedite_v the_o ripen_n of_o pease_n or_o other_o fruit_n by_o receive_v more_o direct_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o case_n the_o ground_n be_v over-moist_a you_o may_v plant_v the_o high_a and_o if_o over-dry_a than_o the_o low_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o remedy_v all_o extreme_n except_o heat_n which_o rare_o injure_v to_o make_v a_o hot_a bed_n in_o february_n or_o early_o if_o you_o please_v for_o bed_n the_o make_n of_o hot_a bed_n the_o raise_n of_o melon_n cucumber_n radish_n coleflower_v or_o any_o other_o tender_a plant_n or_o flower_n you_o must_v provide_v a_o warm_a place_n defend_v from_o all_o wind_n by_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o pale_a or_o hedge_n make_v of_o reed_n or_o straw_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a of_o such_o distance_n or_o capacity_n your_o occasion_n require_v within_o which_o you_o must_v raise_v a_o bed_n of_o about_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a 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infuse_v pigeons-dung_n sheeps-dung_n hen-dung_n ash_n lime_n or_o any_o fat_a soil_n or_o matter_n in_o your_o water_n either_o in_o pit_n cistern_n or_o other_o vessel_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o therewith_o cautious_o water_v your_o plant_n it_o will_v much_o add_v to_o their_o increase_n and_o multiplication_n for_o coleflower_n artichoke_n and_o such_o like_a let_v the_o ground_n sink_v a_o little_a round_o the_o plant_n in_o form_n of_o a_o shallow_a dish_n the_o water_n will_v the_o better_o and_o more_o even_o go_v to_o the_o root_n water_n not_o any_o plant_n overmuch_o lest_o the_o water_n carry_v with_o it_o away_o the_o vegetative_a or_o fertile_a salt_n and_o so_o impoverish_v the_o ground_n and_o also_o chill_a the_o plant._n it_o be_v also_o better_a to_o water_v a_o plant_n seldom_o and_o thorough_o than_o often_o and_o slender_o for_o a_o shallow_a water_v be_v but_o a_o delusion_n to_o the_o plant_n and_o provoke_v it_o to_o root_v shallow_a than_o otherwise_o it_o 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from_o rain_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o fear_n of_o wet_a or_o wind_v to_o annoy_v they_o here_o may_v you_o place_v any_o sort_n of_o hive_n whether_o of_o straw_n board_n glass_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o sudden_a decay_n or_o loss_n by_o the_o injury_n of_o wether_n which_o by_o place_v they_o abroad_o they_o be_v subject_a unto_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o side-door_n especial_o if_o you_o make_v the_o west-door_n to_o open_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n may_v you_o sit_v secure_a and_o observe_v the_o several_a working_n of_o the_o bee_n in_o your_o glass-hive_n if_o you_o be_v please_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o but_o if_o not_o you_o may_v at_o these_o place_n order_n view_n and_o observe_v they_o better_o than_o when_o they_o stand_v on_o naked_a stool_n and_o with_o less_o offence_n to_o the_o bee_n and_o more_o security_n to_o yourself_o in_o the_o wintertime_n if_o your_o apiary_n stand_v cold_a and_o you_o fear_v the_o extremity_n of_o frost_n may_v injure_v your_o bee_n you_o may_v within_o these_o door_n stuff_v good_a sweet_a straw_n about_o your_o hive_n to_o keep_v the_o bee_n the_o warm_a but_o extremity_n of_o cold_a injure_v not_o the_o bee_n so_o much_o in_o the_o winter_n as_o wet_v which_o these_o case_n best_o preserve_v they_o from_o or_o as_o light_n and_o the_o warm_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o such_o time_n when_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n abroad_o for_o they_o against_o which_o this_o house_n or_o cot_n be_v a_o most_o certain_a preservative_n for_o when_o the_o door_n be_v shut_v in_o such_o month_n you_o be_v not_o willing_a they_o shall_v fly_v abroad_o although_o the_o sun_n shine_v yet_o they_o be_v dark_a and_o unsensible_a of_o so_o small_a a_o heat_n the_o
remedy_n the_o sign_n of_o after-swarm_n be_v more_o certain_a when_o the_o prime-swarm_n after-swarm_n sign_n of_o after-swarm_n be_v go_v about_o the_o eight_o or_o ten_o evening_n after_o when_o another_o brood_n be_v ready_a and_o again_o have_v over-filled_n the_o hive_n the_o next_o prince_n begin_v to_o tune_n in_o her_o treble_a voice_n a_o mournful_a and_o beg_a note_n then_o in_o a_o day_n or_o two_o shall_v you_o hear_v the_o old_a queen_n in_o her_o base_a note_n reply_n and_o as_o it_o be_v consent_n in_o the_o morning_n before_o they_o swarm_v they_o come_v down_o near_o the_o stool_n and_o there_o they_o call_v somewhat_o long_o at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o swarm_v they_o descend_v to_o the_o stool_n where_o answer_v one_o another_o in_o more_o earnest_a manner_n with_o thick_a and_o shrill_a note_n the_o multitude_n come_v forth_o in_o great_a haste_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o prime_a swarm_n be_v break_v the_o second_o will_n both_o call_v and_o swarm_v the_o soon_o it_o may_v be_v the_o next_o day_n and_o after_o that_o a_o three_o and_o sometime_o a_o four_o but_o all_o usual_o within_o a_o fortnight_n sometime_o also_o a_o swarm_n will_v cast_v another_o that_o year_n when_o the_o swarm_n be_v rise_v it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n to_o play_v they_o bee_n ring_v of_o bee_n a_o fit_a of_o mirth_n upon_o a_o pan_n kettle_n bason_n or_o suchlike_a instrument_n upon_o pretence_n to_o gather_v they_o together_o and_o make_v they_o settle_v which_o custom_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a as_o virgil_n witness_v tinnitusque_fw-la cie_n &_o matris_fw-la quate_fw-la cymbala_n circum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o notwithstanding_o this_o have_v be_v account_v and_o find_v to_o be_v needless_a yet_o by_o levet_fw-la in_o his_o treatise_n of_o bee_n it_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o ridiculous_a toy_n and_o most_o absurd_a invention_n and_o rather_o hurtful_a than_o profitable_a because_o all_o great_a noise_n do_v disquiet_a and_o hurt_v they_o he_o say_v he_o have_v above_o forty_o swarm_n in_o a_o year_n without_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o when_o his_o neighbour_n have_v a_o far_o less_o number_n and_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o juggle_a lose_v divers_a also_o butler_n make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o it_o than_o where_o there_o be_v many_o apiaries_n near_o public_o to_o notify_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o rise_n that_o so_o a_o just_a and_o open_a claim_n may_v be_v lay_v unto_o the_o swarm_n esteem_v the_o pretend_a reason_n of_o stay_v the_o swarm_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n but_o if_o they_o fly_v aloft_o or_o be_v like_a to_o be_v go_v cast_v dust_n among_o they_o to_o make_v they_o come_v down_o when_o your_o swarm_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o a_o light_v place_n you_o bee_n hive_v of_o bee_n shall_v quick_o see_v they_o knit_v together_o in_o form_n of_o a_o cone_n pineapple_n or_o cluster_n of_o grape_n when_o they_o be_v full_o settle_v and_o the_o cone_n have_v be_v a_o while_n at_o the_o big_a than_o hive_n they_o first_o have_v in_o store_n several_a hive_n of_o several_a bigness_n make_v choice_n of_o a_o hive_n proportionable_a in_o bigness_n to_o your_o swarm_n that_o the_o bee_n may_v go_v near_o to_o fill_v it_o that_o year_n but_o rather_o under-hive_n a_o swarm_n than_o over-hive_n they_o then_o rub_v the_o hive_n with_o sweet_a herb_n as_o thyme_n savory_n marjerom_n baulm_n fennel_n hyssop_n mallow_n or_o bean-top_n etc._n etc._n and_o with_o a_o branch_n of_o hasel_n oak_n willow_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a herb_n but_o rather_o of_o the_o same_o tree_n whereon_o the_o swarm_v light_v wipe_v the_o hive_n clean_o and_o dip_v such_o sprig_n or_o branch_n into_o meath_z or_o fair_a water_n mix_v with_o a_o little_a honey_n or_o with_o milk_n and_o salt_n or_o salt_n only_o and_o therewith_o besprinkle_v the_o hive_n then_o have_v first_o drink_v a_o cup_n of_o good_a beer_n and_o wash_v your_o hand_n and_o face_n therewith_o or_o be_v otherwise_o defend_v if_o the_o bee_n hang_v upon_o a_o bough_n shake_v they_o into_o the_o hive_n and_o set_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o mantle_n or_o cloth_n on_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v usual_a or_o you_o may_v cut_v off_o the_o bough_n if_o it_o be_v small_a and_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o mantle_n or_o cloth_n and_o set_v the_o hive_n over_o it_o which_o be_v the_o better_a way_n if_o they_o light_v near_o the_o ground_n lay_v your_o cloth_n under_o they_o and_o shake_v they_o down_o and_o place_v the_o hive_n over_o they_o and_o such_o bee_n that_o gather_v together_o without_o the_o hive_n wipe_v they_o gentle_o with_o your_o brush_n towards_o the_o hive_n and_o if_o they_o take_v to_o any_o other_o place_n than_o the_o hive_n wipe_v they_o off_o gentle_o with_o your_o brush_n and_o rub_v the_o place_n with_o mugwort_n morgan_n wormwood_n archangel_n or_o other_o bitter_a or_o noisome_a weed_n or_o herb_n then_o set_v the_o swarm_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v to_o the_o light_v place_n till_o all_o be_v quiet_a and_o every_o one_o know_v his_o own_o home_n if_o the_o swarm_n part_n and_o light_n in_o sight_n one_o of_o another_o let_v alone_o the_o great_a and_o disturb_v the_o lesser_a part_n and_o they_o will_v fly_v to_o their_o fellow_n but_o if_o not_o in_o sight_n than_o hive_n they_o both_o in_o two_o several_a hive_n and_o bring_v they_o together_o and_o shake_v the_o bee_n out_o of_o the_o one_o hive_n on_o the_o mantle_n whereon_o the_o other_o hive_n stand_v and_o place_v the_o other_o full_a hive_n on_o they_o and_o they_o will_v all_o take_v to_o it_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o your_o swarm_n come_v late_a after_o the_o middle_n of_o swarm_n unite_n of_o swarm_n june_n and_o that_o they_o be_v small_a under_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o peck_n than_o put_v two_o or_o three_o of_o they_o together_o whether_o they_o rise_v the_o same_o day_n or_o in_o divers_a for_o by_o this_o unite_n they_o will_v labour_v careful_o gather_v store_n of_o wealth_n and_o stout_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o enemy_n the_o manner_n of_o unite_n be_v thus_o in_o the_o evening_n when_o it_o wax_v dark_a have_v spread_v a_o mantle_n on_o the_o ground_n near_o unto_o the_o stool_n where_o this_o unite_a swarm_n shall_v stand_v and_o set_v a_o pair_n of_o rest_n or_o two_o supporter_n for_o the_o hive_n knock_v down_o the_o hive_n out_o of_o which_o you_o intend_v to_o remove_v your_o bee_n upon_o the_o rest_v then_o lift_v up_o the_o hive_n a_o little_a and_o clap_v it_o between_o your_o hand_n to_o get_v out_o the_o bee_n that_o stick_v in_o it_o lay_v it_o down_o sideways_o by_o the_o bee_n and_o set_v the_o stock_n or_o swarm_n to_o which_o you_o will_v add_v they_o upon_o the_o rest_v or_o supporter_n over_o they_o and_o they_o will_v forthwith_o ascend_v into_o the_o hive_n those_o that_o remain_v in_o the_o empty_a hive_n by_o clap_v it_o will_v hasten_v after_o their_o company_n then_o when_o you_o have_v get_v they_o all_o in_o either_o that_o night_n or_o early_o in_o the_o next_o morning_n place_v the_o hive_n on_o the_o stool_n etc._n etc._n place_v the_o hive_n wherein_o you_o have_v new_o put_v your_o swarm_n you_o better_a a_o better_a intend_v to_o drive_v into_o another_o in_o a_o place_n that_o the_o skirt_n may_v be_v uppermost_a and_o set_v the_o other_o upon_o he_o bind_v they_o about_o the_o skirt_n with_o a_o long_a towel_n and_o so_o let_v they_o stand_v till_o the_o morning_n and_o the_o bee_n will_v all_o ascend_v that_o you_o may_v the_o next_o morning_n set_v the_o receiver_n on_o a_o stool_n and_o thus_o may_v you_o put_v three_o or_o four_o swarm_n together_o but_o observe_v to_o unite_v they_o the_o same_o evening_n or_o the_o next_o at_o far_a that_o they_o swarm_v lest_o have_v make_v comb_n they_o be_v the_o more_o unwilling_a to_o part_v from_o they_o in_o these_o several_a way_n of_o deal_n with_o bee_n it_o be_v good_a to_o defend_v bee_n defence_n against_o bee_n one_o self_n as_o well_o as_o may_v be_v against_o their_o sting_a which_o to_o some_o person_n prove_v very_o troublesome_a especial_o if_o they_o be_v unclean_o or_o have_v any_o ill_a scent_n about_o they_o therefore_o with_o caution_n must_v they_o be_v tamper_v withal_o some_o only_a drink_n a_o cup_n of_o good_a beer_n and_o find_v that_o sufficient_a other_o wash_v their_o hand_n and_o face_n therewith_o which_o prove_v a_o good_a defence_n i_o have_v go_v among_o they_o in_o their_o great_a anger_n and_o madness_n only_o with_o a_o handful_n of_o sweet_a herb_n in_o my_o hand_n fan_v about_o my_o face_n as_o it_o be_v to_o obscure_v and_o defend_v it_o also_o if_o a_o bee_n do_v by_o accident_n buzz_v about_o you_o be_v unprovided_a thrust_v your_o face_n among_o a_o parcel_n of_o
destructive_a frost_n and_o also_o by_o cover_v whole_a bed_n therewith_o preserve_v the_o plant_n or_o root_n therein_o also_o straw_n hawm_n fern_n or_o suchlike_a dry_a vagetable_a will_v defend_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o frost_n although_o the_o litter_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v but_o such_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v touch_v or_o suppress_v as_o coleflower-plant_n gilliflower-slips_a etc._n etc._n the_o place_n of_o stick_n like_o some_o booth_n or_o suchlike_a over_o they_o and_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o mat_n or_o canvas_n or_o suchlike_a do_v very_o much_o defend_v they_o give_v they_o sun_n and_o air_n in_o temperate_a day_n make_v they_o the_o more_o hardy_a and_o preserve_v their_o colour_n furze_n where_o it_o may_v convenient_o be_v have_v be_v a_o very_a excellent_a shelter_n and_o defence_n against_o cold_a be_v lay_v about_o tree_n or_o over_o plant_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o it_o break_v the_o violence_n of_o wind_n and_o frost_n beyond_o any_o thing_n else_o lie_v hollow_a of_o itself_o do_v not_o that_o injury_n to_o plant_n that_o other_o thing_n do_v without_o support_v and_o prove_v many_o time_n better_o than_o a_o support_a shelter_n preserve_v they_o also_o from_o rain_n unless_o as_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v they_o be_v a_o good_a prevention_n of_o frost_n for_o the_o frost_n injure_v no_o plant_n so_o much_o as_o that_o which_o stand_v wet_a as_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v that_o cyprus-tree_n and_o rosemary_n stand_v on_o very_o dry_a ground_n have_v endure_v the_o great_a frost_n when_o other_o have_v perish_v by_o the_o same_o frost_n stand_v in_o moist_a ground_n although_o more_o in_o the_o shelter_n also_o the_o most_o pernicious_a frost_n to_o fruit_n succeed_v rainy_n day_n a_o dry_a frost_n rare_o hurt_v fruit._fw-la gillyflower_n and_o several_a other_o flower_n and_o plant_n receive_v their_o great_a injury_n from_o wet_a which_o if_o keep_v dry_a endure_v severe_a cold_n the_o better_o hot-bed_n be_v much_o in_o use_n for_o the_o propagate_a of_o seed_n in_o the_o spring_n etc._n etc._n which_o when_o they_o be_v cover_v prove_v secure_a remedy_n conservatory_n wherein_n to_o remove_v your_o tender_a plant_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v a_o usual_a prevention_n of_o cold_a some_o whereof_z be_v make_v by_o some_o degree_n warm_a than_o other_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o several_a nature_n of_o the_o plant_n to_o be_v preserve_v but_o the_o compleat_a conservatory_n be_v large_a leaf_n of_o board_n to_o open_a and_o shut_v at_o pleasure_n over_o your_o orange_n or_o other_o fruit-tree_n close_o prune_v against_o a_o wall_n or_o pale_n and_o plant_v either_o against_o your_o chimney_n where_o you_o always_o keep_v a_o good_a fire_n or_o against_o some_o stove_n make_v on_o purpose_n aprecock_n so_o plant_v against_o a_o ordinary_a wall_n with_o such_o door_n must_v needs_o avail_v much_o in_o the_o springtime_n to_o defend_v the_o young_a and_o tender_a fruit_n from_o the_o sharp_a frost_n and_o be_v a_o much_o more_o practicable_a and_o sure_a way_n than_o the_o bow_v the_o branch_n into_o tub_n as_o some_o advice_n other_o hang_v clothes_n or_o mat_n over_o the_o tree_n in_o frosty_a night_n but_o these_o be_v troublesome_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o tree_n be_v under_o some_o shelter_n from_o the_o rain_n will_v bear_v plenty_n of_o fruit_n when_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o tree_n be_v open_a to_o the_o rain_n bear_v but_o little_a in_o cold_a and_o destructive_a spring_n though_o alike_o obvious_a to_o the_o cold_a and_o wind_n therefore_o endeavour_v to_o preserve_v your_o tender_a wall-fruit_n from_o the_o wet_a and_o you_o may_v the_o less_o fear_v the_o wind_n and_o cold_a to_o lay_v open_a the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o the_o spring_n to_o keep_v they_o backward_o from_o spring_v be_v a_o very_a proper_a prevention_n against_o the_o frost_n in_o apple_n pear_n etc._n etc._n for_o we_o find_v a_o forward_a spring_n that_o excite_v the_o early_a fruit_n too_o soon_o prove_v very_o injurious_a to_o it_o in_o case_n any_o frost_n succeed_v the_o freeze_a of_o water_n also_o prove_v sometime_o a_o injury_n to_o the_o husbandman_n either_o by_o hinder_v his_o cattle_n from_o drink_n or_o by_o destroy_v fish_n that_o be_v confine_v in_o a_o small_a pond_n so_o freeze_v to_o prevent_v the_o latter_a if_o you_o can_v let_v there_o be_v some_o constant_a fall_n of_o water_n into_o it_o though_o never_o so_o small_a which_o will_v always_o keep_v a_o vent_n open_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v the_o fish_n who_o can_v as_o ill_o live_v without_o air_n as_o terrestrial_a creature_n can_v without_o water_n any_o constant_a motion_n prevent_v a_o total_a congelation_n if_o you_o lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o pease-hawm_a in_o the_o water_n that_o part_n may_v lie_v above_o and_o part_n under_o the_o water_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n freeze_v not_o within_o the_o hawm_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o close_a and_o warm_a lie_v together_o which_o will_v prevent_v the_o death_n of_o fish_n as_o well_o as_o break_v of_o the_o ice_n fruit_n when_o it_o be_v gather_v into_o the_o house_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v spoil_v by_o frost_n therefore_o be_v careful_a to_o lay_v it_o in_o dry_a room_n either_o seel_a thatch_a or_o board_v for_o in_o frosty_a weather_n the_o condense_a air_n which_o be_v most_o in_o such_o room_n adhere_v to_o the_o fruit_n freeze_v and_o destroy_v it_o which_o be_v usual_o prevent_v cover_v they_o with_o straw_n etc._n etc._n but_o best_a of_o all_o by_o place_v a_o vessel_n of_o water_n near_o they_o which_o be_v of_o a_o cold_a nature_n than_o the_o fruit_n attract_v the_o moist_a air_n to_o its_o self_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o fruit_n even_o to_o admiration_n great_a rains_n prove_v injurious_a to_o such_o land_n that_o be_v of_o themselves_o rain_n much_o rain_n moist_a enough_o for_o the_o remedy_n whereof_o and_o to_o prevent_v such_o injury_n see_v more_o in_o the_o next_o section_n in_o such_o land_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n or_o foot_n of_o hill_n where_o the_o great_a fall_n of_o rain_n do_v annoy_v the_o corn_n or_o grass_n care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o convey_n away_o of_o the_o water_n by_o channel_n or_o passage_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n the_o great_a enemy_n the_o husbandman_n usual_o find_v be_v rain_n against_o which_o the_o best_a remedy_n be_v expedition_n to_o make_v hay_n while_o the_o sun_n shine_v it_o be_v a_o grand_a neglect_n that_o there_o be_v not_o some_o kind_n of_o artificial_a shelter_n make_v in_o land_n remote_a from_o our_o dwelling_n for_o the_o speedy_a conveyance_n of_o corn_n into_o shelter_n in_o drip_a harvest_n and_o there_o to_o remain_v till_o fair_a wether_n and_o leisure_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o more_o safe_a carriage_n worthy_a of_o commendation_n be_v the_o practice_n use_v in_o sommersetshire_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o lay_v their_o wheat-sheave_n in_o very_o large_a shock_n or_o heap_n in_o the_o field_n and_o so_o place_v they_o that_o they_o will_v abide_v any_o wet_a for_o a_o long_a time_n when_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o wiltshire_n and_o other_o more_o southern_o county_n they_o leave_v all_o to_o the_o good_a or_o bad_a weather_n though_o far_o remote_a from_o barn_n sometime_o to_o their_o very_a great_a detriment_n so_o natural_o slothful_a and_o ignorant_a be_v some_o people_n and_o natural_o ingenious_a and_o industrious_a be_v other_o where_o their_o land_n lie_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n from_o their_o barn_n as_o in_o some_o place_n in_o champion_n country_n they_o do_v the_o covered_z reek-staval_a much_o in_o use_n westward_o must_v needs_o prove_v of_o great_a advantage_n in_o wet_a or_o dry_a harvest_n to_o save_v long_a draught_n at_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n where_o land_n lie_v at_o a_o far_a distance_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o several_a barn_n build_v as_o the_o land_n require_v be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o more_o speedy_a house_n of_o the_o corn_n for_o the_o better_a preserve_n of_o it_o the_o more_o easy_a thrash_v it_o out_o the_o more_o convenient_a fother_n of_o the_o cattle_n with_o the_o straw_n and_o for_o the_o cheap_a dispose_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o land_n where_o on_o the_o contrary_a one_o great_a barn_n can_v lie_v near_o to_o every_o part_n of_o a_o large_a farm_n nor_o can_v corn_n be_v so_o well_o preserve_v in_o it_o nor_o with_o so_o much_o advantage_n dispose_v into_o mowes_z nor_o thrash_v nor_o the_o father_n nor_o soil_n so_o easy_o disperse_v high-wind_n prove_v very_o pernicious_a and_o injurious_a to_o the_o husbandman_n wind_n high_a wind_n in_o several_a respect_n to_o his_o building_n fruit_n tree_n hops_n corn_n etc._n etc._n as_o many_o in_o the_o
plain_a open_a or_o high_a country_n by_o woeful_a experience_n do_v find_v to_o prevent_v which_o as_o to_o building_n by_o common_a experience_n and_o observation_n we_o find_v that_o tree_n be_v the_o only_a and_o most_o proper_a safeguard_n for_o which_o the_o yew_n be_v the_o best_a although_o it_o be_v long_o a_o grow_v next_o unto_o that_o the_o elm_n which_o soon_o aspire_v to_o a_o good_a height_n and_o full_a proportionable_a body_n and_o be_v thick_a in_o the_o branch_n and_o will_v thrive_v in_o most_o land_n but_o any_o tree_n be_v better_a than_o none_o as_o to_o fruit_n wall_n pale_n or_o any_o other_o building_n be_v a_o good_a prevention_n and_o security_n for_o garden-fruit_n but_o for_o want_v of_o that_o hedge_n and_o row_v of_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v at_o a_o easy_a rate_n and_o in_o little_a time_n as_o to_o timber_n or_o other_o tree_n which_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o be_v subvert_v or_o break_v by_o high_a wind_n to_o abate_v the_o largeness_n of_o their_o head_n prove_v a_o good_a prevention_n especial_o the_o elm_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v its_o bough_n often_o abate_v else_o will_v it_o be_v much_o more_o subject_a to_o be_v injure_v by_o high_a wind_n than_o any_o other_o tree_n hop_n of_o any_o plant_v the_o husbandman_n propagate_v receive_v the_o most_o damage_n from_o high_a wind_n which_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v prevent_v against_o the_o spring-winde_n which_o nip_v the_o young_a bud_n and_o afterward_o blow_v they_o from_o the_o pole_n a_o good_a pale_a or_o thorn-hedge_n much_o advantage_v but_o against_o the_o boisterous_a wind_n when_o they_o be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pole_n a_o tall_a row_n of_o tree_n encompass_v the_o whole_a hop-garden_n be_v the_o best_a security_n in_o our_o power_n to_o give_v they_o also_o be_v sure_a to_o let_v their_o pole_n be_v firm_a and_o deep_a in_o the_o ground_n as_o to_o corn_n wind_n sometime_o prove_v a_o injury_n to_o it_o in_o the_o ear_n when_o they_o be_v accompany_v with_o great_a rain_n by_o lodging_n of_o it_o but_o the_o great_a injury_n to_o it_o be_v in_o the_o grass_n when_o it_o be_v young_a i_o mean_v winter-corn_n the_o fierce_a bitter_a blast_n in_o the_o spring_n destroy_v whole_a field_n the_o only_a and_o sure_a remedy_n or_o prevention_n against_o this_o disease_n be_v enclosure_n as_o before_o we_o note_v of_o cold._n in_o spain_n etc._n etc._n where_o the_o mist_n of_o superstition_n have_v dim_v etc._n thunder_z and_o tempest_n hail_o etc._n etc._n the_o spiritual_a and_o natural_a sight_n the_o ring_n of_o sacred_a bell_n the_o use_n of_o holy_a water_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o charm_v the_o evil_a spirit_n of_o the_o air_n which_o very_o frequent_o in_o those_o hot_a climate_n terrify_v the_o inhabitant_n that_o he_o may_v be_v a_o little_a more_o favourable_a unto_o they_o than_o other_o but_o it_o can_v enter_v into_o my_o thought_n or_o belief_n that_o any_o thing_n we_o can_v do_v here_o either_o by_o noise_n charm_n etc._n etc._n or_o by_o the_o use_n of_o bay_n laurel_n etc._n etc._n can_v prevail_v with_o so_o great_a a_o natural_a power_n and_o so_o much_o beyond_o our_o command_n prayer_n unto_o god_n except_v which_o be_v the_o only_a security_n and_o defensives_n against_o so_o potent_a and_o forcible_n enemy_n blight_v and_o mildew_n have_v be_v general_o take_v to_o be_v the_o mildew_n mildew_n same_o thing_n which_o have_v beget_v much_o error_n and_o the_o way_n and_o mean_v use_v for_o the_o prevention_n and_o cure_n have_v miscarry_v through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o disease_n for_o mildew_n be_v quite_o another_o thing_n and_o different_a from_o blast_a mildew_n be_v cause_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o a_o fat_a and_o moist_a exhalation_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n from_o the_o blossom_n and_o vegetable_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o from_o the_o earth_n its_o self_n which_o by_o the_o coolness_n and_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o night_n or_o in_o the_o upper_a serene_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v into_o a_o fat_a glutinous_a matter_n and_o fall_v to_o the_o earth_n again_o part_v whereof_o rest_v on_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o oak_n and_o some_o other_o tree_n who_o leaf_n be_v smooth_a and_o do_v not_o easy_o admit_v the_o moisture_n into_o they_o as_o the_o elm_n or_o other_o rough_a leaf_n do_v which_o mildew_n become_v the_o principal_a food_n for_o the_o industrious_a bee_n be_v of_o its_o self_n sweet_a and_o easy_o convertible_a into_o honey_n other_o part_n thereof_o rest_v on_o the_o ear_n and_o stalk_n of_o wheat_n bespot_v the_o stalk_n with_o a_o different_a from_o the_o natural_a colour_n and_o be_v of_o a_o glutinous_a substance_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v so_o bind_v up_o the_o young_a tender_a and_o close_a ear_n of_o the_o wheat_n that_o it_o prevent_v the_o growth_n and_o complete_n of_o the_o imperfect_a grain_n therein_o which_o occasion_v it_o to_o be_v very_o light_a in_o the_o harvest_n and_o yield_v a_o poor_a and_o lean_a grain_n in_o the_o heap_n but_o if_o after_o this_o mildew_n fall_v a_o shower_n succeed_v or_o the_o wind_n blow_v stiff_o it_o wash_v or_o shake_v it_o off_o and_o be_v the_o only_a natural_a remedy_n against_o this_o sometime_o heavy_a curse_n some_o advice_n in_o the_o morning_n after_o the_o mildew_n be_v fall_v and_o before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o two_o man_n go_v at_o some_o convenient_a distance_n in_o the_o furrow_n hold_v a_o cord_n stretch_v straight_o betwixt_o they_o carry_v it_o so_o that_o it_o may_v shake_v off_o the_o dew_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o corn_n before_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v thicken_v it_o it_o be_v also_o advise_v to_o sow_v wheat_n in_o open_a ground_n where_o the_o wind_n may_v the_o better_o shake_v off_o this_o dew_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o only_a inconvenience_n enclosure_n be_v subject_a unto_o but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o field-land_n be_v not_o exempt_a from_o mildew_n nor_o yet_o from_o smut_n where_o it_o be_v more_o than_o in_o enclose_v land_n the_o sow_v of_o wheat_n early_o have_v be_v esteem_v and_o doubtless_o be_v the_o best_a remedy_n against_o mildew_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o wheat_n will_v be_v well_o fill_v in_o the_o ear_n before_o they_o fall_v and_o your_o increase_n will_v be_v much_o more_o as_o for_o curiosity_n sake_n wheat_n be_v sow_o in_o all_o month_n of_o the_o year_n that_o sow_o in_o july_n produce_v such_o a_o increase_n that_o be_v almost_o incredible_a in_o france_n they_o usual_o sow_v before_o michaelmas_n bearded-wheat_n be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o mildew_n as_o the_o other_o the_o fibre_n keep_v the_o dew_n from_o the_o ear._n hop_n suffer_v very_o much_o by_o mildew_n which_o if_o they_o fall_v on_o they_o when_o small_a total_o destroy_v they_o the_o remedy_n that_o may_v be_v use_v against_o it_o be_v when_o you_o perceive_v the_o mildew_n on_o they_o to_o shake_v the_o pole_n in_o the_o morning_n or_o you_o may_v have_v a_o engine_n to_o cast_v water_n like_o unto_o rain_n on_o they_o which_o will_v wash_v the_o mildew_n from_o they_o and_o if_o you_o have_v water_n plenty_n in_o your_o hop-garden_n it_o will_v quit_v the_o cost_n in_o such_o year_n hop_n be_v usual_o sell_v at_o a_o very_a high_a rate_n sect_n ii_o from_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n next_o unto_o those_o aërial_n or_o celestial_a injury_n which_o descend_v upon_o we_o we_o shall_v discourse_v of_o such_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n that_o do_v also_o in_o a_o very_a great_a measure_n at_o some_o time_n and_o in_o some_o place_n afflict_v we_o prove_v great_a impediment_n to_o those_o improvement_n that_o may_v otherwise_o be_v easy_o accomplish_v and_o also_o great_a detriment_n unto_o the_o countryman_n upon_o that_o which_o he_o have_v already_o perform_v as_o the_o want_n of_o water_n in_o some_o place_n prove_v a_o great_a impediment_n offend_v much_o water_n offend_v and_o injury_n to_o the_o improvement_n and_o management_n of_o rustic_a affair_n so_o do_v the_o superabundant_a quantity_n either_o from_o the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n over_o the_o low_a marsh-land_n at_o springtide_n and_o high-water_n or_o from_o great_a land-floud_n but_o principal_o from_o the_o low_a and_o level_a situation_n of_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o spring_n overflowing_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v evident_a that_o much_o good_a land_n have_v for_o many_o age_n yield_v sea_n overflowing_a of_o the_o sea_n little_a benefit_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a water_n that_o sometime_o have_v cover_v it_o over_o and_o destroy_v that_o which_o in_o the_o interval_n have_v grow_v and_o have_v also_o overflow_v much_o good_a land_n so_o frequent_o
easy_o perceive_v where_o the_o same_o seed_n have_v be_v sow_o on_o two_o sort_n of_o land_n of_o different_a goodness_n the_o one_o crop_n have_v be_v smutty_n the_o other_o free_a so_o that_o smuttiness_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sickness_n incident_a to_o corn_n which_o may_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a mean_n be_v cure_v which_o if_o the_o smut_v themselves_o will_v real_o grow_v and_o produce_v smut_n again_o all_o remedy_n propose_v and_o attempt_n to_o that_o purpose_n be_v needless_a sect_n iii_o from_o several_a beast_n against_o the_o trespass_n of_o domestic_a cattle_n break_v out_o of_o your_o neighbour_n ground_n into_o you_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o say_v any_o thing_n every_o one_o know_v that_o a_o good_a and_o secure_a fence_n be_v the_o best_a prevention_n and_o a_o pound_n the_o best_a remedy_n or_o cure_v if_o the_o other_o will_v not_o serve_v but_o other_o beast_n there_o be_v that_o no_o ordinary_a fence_n will_v keep_v out_o and_o will_v hardly_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o pound_n as_o fox_n which_o usual_o torment_v the_o laborious_a husbandman_n fox_n fox_n by_o take_v away_o and_o destroy_v his_o lamb_n poultry_n goose_n etc._n etc._n that_o in_o some_o place_n near_o great_a forest_n and_o wood_n they_o can_v hardly_o keep_v any_o thing_n but_o under_o lock_n and_o key_n against_o which_o gin_n be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o which_o be_v bait_v and_o a_o train_n make_v by_o drag_v raw_a flesh_n across_o his_o usual_a path_n or_o haunt_n unto_o the_o gin_n it_o prove_v a_o inducement_n and_o a_o snare_n to_o excite_v he_o to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o destruction_n a_o fox_n will_v prey_v on_o any_o thing_n he_o can_v overcome_v and_o feed_v on_o all_o sort_n of_o carrion_n but_o the_o food_n he_o most_o delight_n in_o be_v poultry_n he_o prove_v injurious_a and_o destructive_a to_o coney-warrens_a and_o destroy_v hare_n also_o who_o he_o take_v by_o his_o subtlety_n and_o deceit_n they_o may_v be_v take_v with_o greyhound_n hound_n terrier_n and_o net_n as_o well_o as_o gins._n it_o be_v also_o a_o very_a commendable_a and_o noble_a exercise_n in_o our_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n to_o hunt_v these_o destructive_a beast_n and_o do_v they_o prosecute_v it_o at_o their_o breed_a time_n and_o at_o other_o time_n also_o with_o a_o intent_n to_o destroy_v the_o whole_a breed_n or_o kind_a there_o will_v soon_o be_v a_o end_n of_o they_o the_o otter_n be_v a_o pernicious_a destroyer_n of_o fish_n either_o in_o pond_n or_o otter_n otter_n brook_n and_o her_o abode_n be_v common_o under_o the_o root_n or_o stem_v of_o some_o tree_n near_o the_o water_n whence_o she_o expect_v hâ—â—_n food_n by_o her_o dive_v and_o hunt_v under_o water_n few_o fish_n be_v able_a to_o escape_v she_o they_o be_v take_v either_o by_o ensnare_a they_o under_o the_o water_n by_o the_o river_n side_n as_o you_o may_v do_v a_o hare_n on_o the_o land_n with_o hare-pipe_n or_o by_o hunt_v they_o with_o dog_n where_o you_o also_o make_v use_n of_o the_o spear_n in_o several_a place_n the_o husbandman_n suffer_v much_o by_o coney_n and_o etc._n coney_n hare_n etc._n etc._n hare_n that_o feed_v down_o his_o corn_n etc._n etc._n when_o it_o be_v young_a especial_o in_o hard_a winter_n and_o in_o many_o place_n they_o have_v not_o liberty_n to_o secure_v their_o own_o from_o they_o the_o hare_n be_v no_o great_a destroyer_n of_o corn_n yet_o where_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o the_o countryman_n may_v lessen_v their_o number_n as_o he_o see_v cause_n either_o by_o hunt_v or_o course_v they_o at_o seasonable_a time_n or_o by_o set_v of_o hare-pipe_n where_o he_o find_v their_o haunt_n or_o by_o trace_v they_o in_o the_o snow_n coney_n be_v destroy_v or_o take_v either_o by_o ferret_n and_o pursenet_n in_o their_o bury_v or_o by_o hayes_n or_o by_o cur_n spaniel_n or_o tumbler_n breed_v up_o for_o that_o sport_n or_o by_o gin_n pitfall_n or_o snare_n which_o some_o ingenious_a countryman_n will_v prepare_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o game_n rather_o than_o the_o prevention_n of_o the_o damage_n prompt_v they_o thereto_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a injury_n these_o animal_n do_v to_o warrens_n dove-house_n stotes_n poll-cat_n weasel_n and_o stotes_n hen-roost_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o way_n by_o take_v they_o in_o hutches_n and_o in_o small_a iron-gins_a like_o fox-gins_a be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o i_o need_v say_v nothing_o of_o it_o only_o that_o to_o prevent_v poll-cat_n or_o suchlike_a from_o destroy_v your_o pigeon-house_n be_v sure_a if_o you_o can_v to_o erect_v it_o where_o you_o may_v have_v a_o ditch_n or_o channel_n of_o water_n to_o run_v round_o it_o and_o it_o will_v keep_v those_o vermin_n from_o make_v their_o burrough_n under_o the_o ground_n mole_n be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a enemy_n to_o husbandry_n by_o loosen_a wont_v mole_n or_o wont_v the_o earth_n and_o destroy_v the_o root_n of_o corn_n grass_n herb_n flower_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o by_o cast_v up_o hill_n to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o corn_n pasture_n etc._n etc._n the_o common_a and_o usual_a way_n of_o destroy_v they_o be_v by_o trap_n that_o fall_v on_o they_o and_o strike_v the_o sharp_a tines_n or_o tooth_n through_o they_o and_o be_v so_o common_a that_o it_o need_v no_o description_n but_o the_o best_a and_o compleat_a sort_n of_o instrument_n to_o destroy_v they_o that_o i_o have_v yet_o see_v be_v make_v thus_o take_v a_o small_a board_n of_o about_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o five_o inch_n long_o on_o the_o one_o side_n thereof_o raise_v two_o small_a round_a hoop_n or_o arch_n at_o each_o one_o end_n like_o unto_o the_o two_o end-hoops_n of_o a_o carrier_n wagon_n or_o a_o tilt-boat_n capacious_a enough_o that_o a_o mole_n may_v easy_o pass_v through_o they_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o board_n make_v a_o hole_n about_o the_o bigness_n that_o a_o goose-quill_n may_v pass_v through_o so_o be_v that_o part_n finish_v then_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o short_a stick_n about_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o about_o the_o bigness_n that_o the_o end_n thereof_o may_v just_o enter_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o board_n also_o you_o must_v cut_v a_o hazel_n or_o other_o stick_n about_o a_o yard_n or_o yard_n and_o half_a long_a that_o be_v stick_v into_o the_o ground_n may_v spring_v up_o like_a unto_o the_o spring_v they_o usual_o set_v for_o fowl_n etc._n etc._n then_o make_v a_o link_n of_o horsehair_n very_o strong_a that_o will_v easy_o slip_v and_o fasten_v it_o to_o the_o end_n of_o your_o stick_n that_o spring_v also_o have_v in_o readiness_n four_o small_a hook_a stick_n then_o go_v to_o the_o furrow_n or_o passage_n of_o the_o mole_n and_o after_o you_o have_v open_v it_o fit_a in_o the_o little_a board_n with_o the_o bend_a hoop_n downward_o that_o the_o mole_n when_o she_o pass_v that_o way_n may_v go_v direct_o through_o the_o two_o semicircular_a hoop_n before_o you_o fix_v the_o board_n down_o put_v the_o hair-spring_n through_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o board_n and_o place_n it_o round_o that_o it_o may_v answer_v to_o the_o two-end_n hoop_n and_o with_o the_o small_a stick_n gentle_o put_v into_o the_o hole_n to_o stop_v the_o knot_n of_o the_o hair-spring_n place_v it_o in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o passage_n and_o by_o thrust_v in_o the_o four_o hook_a stick_n fasten_v it_o and_o cover_v it_o with_o earth_n and_o then_o when_o the_o mole_n pass_v that_o way_n either_o the_o one_o way_n or_o the_o other_o by_o displace_v or_o remove_v the_o small_a stick_n that_o hang_v perpendicular_o downward_o the_o knot_n pass_v through_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o spring_n take_v the_o mole_n about_o the_o neck_n though_o this_o description_n seem_v tedious_a yet_o the_o thing_n be_v very_o plain_a and_o easy_o perform_v and_o much_o cheap_a sure_a and_o feasible_a than_o the_o ordinary_a way_n other_o destroy_v they_o very_o expeditious_o by_o a_o spaddle_n wait_v in_o the_o morning_n when_o they_o usual_o stir_v and_o immediate_o cast_v they_o up_o especial_o about_o march_n when_o they_o breed_v by_o turn_v up_o the_o hill_n whereunder_o they_o lay_v their_o young_a they_o usual_o make_v their_o nest_n in_o the_o great_a hill_n and_o be_v most_o easy_o discern_v then_o also_o will_v the_o old_a one_o come_v to_o seek_v their_o young_a which_o you_o may_v present_o take_v the_o pot-trap_n be_v by_o some_o much_o commend_v which_o be_v a_o deep_a earthen-vessel_n set_v in_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o brim_n in_o a_o bank_n or_o hedg-row_n which_o wise_o set_v and_o plant_v at_o all_o time_n but_o especial_o in_o the_o natural_a season_n of_o bucking-time_n about_o march_n will_v destroy_v they_o insensible_o also_o where_o mole_n annoy_v your_o garden_n
meadow_n or_o such_o place_n where_o you_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o dig_v or_o much_o break_v the_o ground_n fume_v the_o hole_n with_o brimstone_n garlick_n and_o other_o unsavoury_a thing_n will_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n that_o be_v before_o infest_a with_o they_o but_o the_o put_v a_o dead_a mole_n in_o a_o common_a haunt_v will_v make_v they_o absolute_o forsake_v it_o every_o countryman_n almost_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o great_a injury_n and_o rat_n mouse_n or_o rat_n annoyance_n they_o receive_v from_o these_o vermin_n both_o in_o the_o field_n where_o they_o raise_v nursery_n of_o tree_n in_o their_o garden_n where_o they_o sow_v and_o plant_v bean_n please_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o their_o house_n barn_n and_o corn-reeks_a in_o the_o field_n orchard_n garden_n etc._n etc._n i_o know_v no_o ready_a way_n to_o destroy_v they_o than_o by_o place_v a_o earthen-pot_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o board_n with_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o middle_n thereof_o and_o over_o the_o board_n to_o lay_v hawm_n or_o suchlike_a rubbish_n under_o which_o the_o mouse_n seek_v for_o shelter_n and_o soon_o find_v their_o trap_n to_o receive_v they_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o building_n reek_n of_o corn_n on_o staval_n set_v on_o stone_n be_v the_o only_a prevention_n against_o mouse_n and_o have_v prove_v so_o successful_a that_o in_o some_o place_n large_a edifice_n be_v build_v on_o such_o stone_n that_o they_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o barn_n be_v cover_v like_o they_o granary_n also_o i_o have_v see_v build_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n binne_n or_o hutche_n for_o corn_n may_v be_v place_v on_o pin_n like_o the_o other_o and_o prove_v secure_a place_n for_o corn_n against_o these_o pernicious_a vermin_n but_o great_a caution_n must_v be_v use_v that_o no_o stick_n ladder_n or_o other_o thing_n lean_a against_o these_o place_n lest_o the_o mouse_n find_v the_o way_n to_o come_v where_o you_o will_v not_o have_v they_o in_o your_o flower-garden_n apiary_n or_o in_o the_o several_a room_n of_o your_o house_n trap_n may_v be_v place_v to_o destroy_v they_o unless_o where_o you_o can_v convenient_o keep_v a_o cat_n the_o only_a enemy_n and_o destroyer_n of_o mouse_n and_o rat_n arsenic_n or_o the_o root_n of_o white-hellebor_a will_v destroy_v they_o be_v give_v with_o sugar_n or_o suchlike_a mixture_n the_o last_o be_v the_o best_a because_o it_o destroy_v only_a rat_n and_o mouse_n sect_n iv_o from_o fowl_n as_o the_o best_a of_o content_n this_o world_n afford_v have_v its_o part_n or_o share_v of_o trouble_n and_o vexation_n so_o this_o pleasant_a and_o excellent_a rustic_a life_n and_o employment_n be_v not_o free_a from_o care_n and_o trouble_v how_o to_o preserve_v itself_o from_o those_o enemy_n and_o plague_n that_o daily_o attend_v it_o sometime_o the_o heaven_n frown_n the_o water_n swell_v the_o brier_n snarl_v the_o wild_a beast_n be_v envious_a at_o our_o innocent_a and_o most_o delectable_a enjoyment_n and_o if_o these_o withdraw_v their_o evil_a influence_n yet_o have_v we_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n infect_v and_o several_a other_o evil_n to_o encounter_v withal_o which_o without_o our_o diligent_a care_n and_o industry_n be_v ready_a to_o bereave_v we_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o our_o labour_n as_o we_o frequent_o observe_v that_o kite_n hawk_n and_o other_o bird_n of_o etc._n kite_n hawk_n etc._n etc._n prey_n wait_v for_o pigeon_n chicken_n tame_a pheasant_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o be_v it_o very_o necessary_a that_o the_o countryman_n keep_v a_o fowling-piece_n ready_a fit_v and_o charge_v which_o be_v the_o best_a mean_n to_o destroy_v and_o scare_v they_o away_o also_o you_o may_v place_v small_a iron-gins_a about_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o hand_n make_v like_o a_o fox-gin_n and_o bait_v with_o raw_a flesh_n whereby_o i_o have_v catch_v very_o large_a hawk_n also_o by_o the_o strein_v of_o line_n or_o piece_n of_o net_n over_o the_o place_n where_o you_o keep_v tame_a pheasant_n chicken_n or_o suchlike_a will_v fray_v they_o away_o the_o cut_v down_o of_o tree_n about_o your_o pigeon-house_n will_v keep_v they_o from_o haunt_v it_o so_o much_o as_o otherwise_o they_o will_v do_v crow_n raven_n rook_n and_o magpie_n be_v great_a annoyance_n to_o etc._n crow_n and_o raven_n etc._n etc._n corn_n both_o at_o seedtime_n pull_v it_o up_o by_o the_o root_n while_o it_o be_v young_a and_o feed_v on_o it_o also_o at_o the_o harvest_n a_o good_a fowling-piece_n be_v the_o best_a instrument_n for_o the_o present_a but_o the_o only_a way_n to_o destroy_v the_o kind_n of_o they_o and_o make_v their_o flock_n a_o little_o thin_a be_v by_o some_o public_a law_n to_o encourage_v the_o destruction_n of_o their_o nest_n and_o young_a which_o be_v so_o obvious_a at_o the_o building-time_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a feasible_a work_n and_o much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o crownet_n etc._n etc._n several_a pretty_a invention_n of_o scare-crow_n there_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o corn_n free_a from_o they_o among_o which_o this_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o effectual_a viz._n to_o dig_v a_o hole_n in_o some_o obvious_a place_n where_o the_o crow_n etc._n etc._n annoy_n your_o corn_n let_v it_o be_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a or_o more_o and_o near_o two_o foot_n over_o and_o stick_v long_o black_a feather_n of_o a_o crow_n or_o other_o fowl_n round_o the_o edge_n thereof_o and_o some_o also_o in_o the_o bottom_n several_a of_o these_o hole_n may_v be_v make_v if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a and_o where_o these_o hole_n be_v thus_o dress_v the_o crow_n will_v not_o dare_v to_o feed_v i_o presume_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o while_o they_o be_v feed_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o terrify_a object_n be_v out_o of_o their_o sight_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o other_o scare-crow_n wherewith_o in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o grow_v familiar_a by_o be_v always_o in_o view_n dead_a crow_n etc._n etc._n hang_v up_o do_v much_o terrify_v they_o but_o among_o cherry-tree_n and_o other_o fruit_n which_o be_v much_o prejudice_v by_o the_o crow_n etc._n etc._n draw_v a_o packthread_n or_o small_a line_n from_o tree_n to_o tree_n and_o fasten_v here_o and_o there_o a_o black_a feather_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a these_o fowl_n that_o bring_v so_o great_a a_o advantage_n to_o one_o prove_v pigeon_n pigeon_n a_o far_o great_a annoyance_n and_o devourer_n of_o grain_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n it_o be_v a_o unknown_a quantity_n of_o wheat_n barley_n pease_n etc._n etc._n that_o these_o devour_v not_o to_o mention_v the_o prodigious_a computation_n that_o some_o have_v make_v of_o the_o damage_n commit_v by_o they_o on_o the_o corn_n grain_n etc._n etc._n yet_o be_v it_o most_o evident_a that_o they_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n and_o crop_n notwithstanding_o several_a stand_n for_o their_o vindication_n allege_v that_o they_o never_o scrape_v and_o therefore_o take_v only_o the_o grain_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o will_v otherwise_o be_v destroy_v and_o not_o grow_v to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o that_o very_a corn_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o surface_n may_v prove_v the_o best_a corn_n unless_o in_o winter-corn_n the_o extreme_a frost_n destroy_v it_o or_o in_o the_o spring_n the_o extreme_a drought_n it_o have_v be_v of_o late_o find_v to_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o very_o good_a husbandry_n in_o some_o light_n and_o shallow_a land_n first_o to_o plough_v it_o about_o august_n and_o then_o to_o run_v the_o fold_n over_o it_o and_o well_o settle_v it_o and_o afterward_o to_o sow_v and_o harrow_v it_o which_o must_v needs_o make_v well_o for_o the_o pigeon_n and_o ill_o for_o the_o husbandman_n where_o they_o can_v be_v keep_v from_o it_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o flight_n of_o pigeon_n fall_v there_o they_o fill_v themselves_o and_o away_o and_o return_v again_o where_o they_o first_o rise_v and_o so_o proceed_v over_o a_o whole_a piece_n of_o ground_n if_o they_o like_v it_o although_o you_o can_v observe_v any_o grain_n above_o the_o ground_n they_o know_v how_o to_o find_v it_o as_o i_o have_v see_v the_o experience_n of_o it_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o about_o two_o or_o three_o acre_n be_v sow_o with_o pease_n the_o pigeon_n lay_v so_o much_o upon_o it_o that_o they_o devour_v at_o least_o three_o part_n in_o four_o of_o it_o which_o i_o be_o sure_a can_v not_o be_v all_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o their_o smell_a be_v their_o principal_a director_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v have_v sow_o a_o small_a plat_v of_o pease_n in_o my_o garden_n near_o a_o pigeon-house_n and_o very_o well_o cover_v they_o that_o not_o a_o pease_n appear_v above_o ground_n in_o a_o few_o
that_o your_o neighbour_n have_v without_o which_o or_o while_o you_o go_v far_o you_o suffer_v great_a loss_n and_o what_o a_o sad_a thing_n it_o will_v be_v to_o be_v deny_v as_o hesiod_n in_o his_o time_n observe_v straighten_v not_o yourself_o so_o as_o to_o ask_v to_o borrow_v of_o another_o lest_o he_o refuse_v and_o you_o want_v chap._n xi_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o instrument_n tool_n and_o engine_n incident_a to_o this_o profession_n of_o agriculture_n and_o of_o some_o amendment_n and_o profitable_a experiment_n in_o building_n either_o by_o timber_n stone_n brick_n or_o any_o other_o way_n dicendum_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la sint_fw-la duris_fw-la agrestibus_fw-la arma_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n queis_fw-la sine_fw-la nec_fw-la potuere_fw-la seri_fw-la nec_fw-la surgere_fw-la mess_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o go_v through_o the_o many_o difficulty_n in_o this_o art_n without_o many_o and_o several_a sort_n of_o tool_n and_o instrument_n as_o plough_n cart_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v also_o difficult_a and_o unprofitable_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o plough_n tool_n and_o instrument_n that_o be_v troublesome_a heavy_a and_o chargeable_a when_o the_o same_o labour_n may_v be_v as_o well_o perform_v if_o not_o better_o with_o such_o that_o be_v easy_a light_a and_o not_o so_o costly_a therefore_o i_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n discover_v unto_o you_o all_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o instrument_n necessary_a for_o the_o husbandman_n and_o what_o inconvenience_n have_v be_v find_v in_o some_o of_o they_o and_o the_o remedy_n and_o what_o new_a way_n or_o method_n have_v be_v of_o late_o discover_v to_o facilitate_v his_o labour_n as_o i_o find_v they_o disperse_v in_o several_a author_n and_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o in_o several_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n this_o instrumental_a part_n of_o agriculture_n be_v not_o of_o the_o least_o concernment_n and_o shall_v also_o discover_v unto_o you_o several_a profitable_a experiment_n and_o direction_n in_o building_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v sect_n i._o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o plough_n and_o first_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o plough_n the_o most_o necessary_a instrument_n the_o chief_a of_o all_o engine_n as_o gabriel_n plat_v term_n it_o and_o happy_o find_v out_o there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n in_o plough_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o sure_a rule_n for_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o every_o country_n yea_o almost_o every_o county_n differ_v not_o only_o in_o the_o plough_n but_o even_o in_o every_o part_n of_o they_o plough_n also_o do_v not_o only_o differ_v according_a to_o the_o several_a custom_n of_o several_a place_n but_o also_o as_o the_o land_n do_v differ_v in_o strength_n or_o weakness_n or_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n to_o describe_v they_o all_o be_v not_o a_o work_n for_o this_o place_n but_o i_o will_v give_v some_o brief_a description_n of_o the_o more_o principal_a sort_n of_o plough_n of_o the_o great_a esteem_n and_o first_o of_o the_o double-wheeled_n plough_n double-wheeled_n plough_n plough_n which_o be_v of_o most_o constant_a use_n in_o hartfordshire_n and_o many_o other_o country_n and_o be_v very_o useful_a upon_o all_o flinty_a stony_a or_o hard_a gravel_n or_o any_o other_o hard_a land_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v esteem_v a_o useful_a and_o necessary_a plough_n these_o require_v a_o great_a strength_n than_o other_o plough_n and_o to_o be_v use_v in_o such_o place_n where_o other_o improver_n english_a improver_n plough_n will_v not_o to_o any_o purpose_n it_o be_v usual_o draw_v with_o horse_n or_o ox_n two_o abreast_o the_o wheel_n be_v usual_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o inch_n high_a in_o some_o place_n the_o furrow-wheel_n be_v of_o a_o large_a circumference_n than_o the_o other_o that_o go_v on_o the_o solid_a land_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o double-wheeled_n plough_n call_v the_o turnwrest-plough_n turnwrest-plough_n turnwrest-plough_n which_o surpass_v for_o weight_n and_o clumliness_n and_o be_v call_v the_o kentish-plough_n be_v there_o much_o use_v the_o one-wheel_n plough_n be_v a_o excellent_a good_a one_o and_o you_o may_v wheel-plough_n single_a wheel-plough_n use_v it_o on_o almost_o any_o sort_n of_o land_n and_o be_v of_o that_o shape_n and_o form_n that_o will_v admit_v of_o more_o lightness_n and_o nimbleness_n than_o the_o other_o wheel-plough_n be_v the_o same_o that_o mr._n hartlib_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v legacy_n legacy_n make_v near_o greenwich_n by_o one_o who_o have_v excellent_a corn_n on_o barren_a land_n and_o yet_o plough_v his_o land_n with_o one_o horse_n this_o plough_n neat_o make_v and_o very_o small_a have_v be_v draw_v improver_n english_a improver_n with_o one_o horse_n and_o hold_v by_o one_o man_n and_o plough_v one_o acre_n a_o day_n at_o sowing-time_n in_o a_o moist_a season_n there_o have_v be_v with_o six_o good_a horse_n six_o man_n and_o six_o plough_n plough_v six_o acre_n a_o day_n at_o sowing-time_n in_o light_n and_o well-wrought_a land_n this_o seem_v to_o accord_v with_o the_o plough_n use_v in_o hesiod_n time_n where_o the_o plough_n man_n do_v both_o guide_n and_o drive_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o plough_n make_v without_o either_o wheel_n or_o foot_n plain-plough_n plain-plough_n describe_v at_o large_a by_o mr._n blithe_n to_o be_v the_o most_o easy_a go_v plough_n and_o of_o least_o workmanship_n burden_n or_o charge_n call_v the_o plain-plough_n fit_a for_o any_o land_n unless_o in_o irregular_a extreme_a land_n either_o for_o stone_n root_n or_o hardness_n and_o there_o advise_v to_o the_o double-wheeled_n plough_n be_v of_o strength_n to_o supply_v extremity_n and_o case_n of_o necessity_n mr._n blithe_n describe_v a_o double_a plough_n the_o one_o affix_v to_o the_o side_n improver_n double_a plough_n english_a improver_n of_o the_o other_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o four_o horse_n and_o two_o man_n you_o may_v plough_n a_o double_a portion_n of_o land_n the_o one_o furrow_n by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o other_o this_o he_o esteem_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a advantage_n above_o the_o other_o plain_a plough_n yet_o may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n on_o some_o land_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o double-plough_n much_o exceed_v the_o double-plough_n another_o sort_n of_o double-plough_n other_o as_o mr._n hartlib_n in_o his_o legacy_n testify_v of_o a_o ingenious_a young_a man_n of_o kent_n who_o have_v two_o plough_n fasten_v together_o very_o fine_o by_o the_o which_o he_o plough_v two_o furrow_n at_o once_o one_o under_o another_o and_o so_o stir_v up_o the_o land_n twelve_o or_o fourteen_o inch_n deep_a this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a addition_n to_o the_o plough_n if_o thorough_o prosecute_v for_o most_o land_n require_v a_o deep_a stir_n than_o be_v ordinary_o give_v it_o by_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o plough_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o those_o experiment_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o dig_v and_o set_v of_o corn._n this_o way_n also_o come_v near_o that_o of_o digging_z and_o in_o some_o case_n excel_v it_o because_o it_o only_o loosen_v and_o lighten_v the_o land_n to_o that_o depth_n but_o do_v not_o bury_v the_o upper-crust_n of_o the_o ground_n so_o deep_a as_o usual_o be_v do_v by_o digging_z it_o be_v also_o much_o easy_a to_o plough_n deep_a with_o this_o double-plough_n than_o with_o the_o single_a because_o it_o bear_v not_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n but_o the_o one_o part_n thereof_o be_v discharge_v before_o the_o other_o be_v take_v up_o some_o have_v make_v a_o plough_n with_o a_o harrow_n affix_v thereto_o other_o plough_n other_o sort_n of_o plough_n have_v design_v a_o plough_n to_o plough_n sow_n and_o harrow_n all_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o see_v they_o be_v of_o no_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n only_o invent_v to_o satisfy_v the_o mind_n of_o some_o scrutinist_n i_o leave_v they_o of_o all_o which_o several_a sort_n of_o plough_n there_o be_v great_a variation_n in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o they_o some_o differ_v in_o length_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o beam_n some_o in_o the_o share_n other_o in_o the_o coulter_n and_o in_o the_o handle_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o many_o that_o no_o one_o ploughman_n know_v they_o all_o the_o abuse_n fault_n and_o error_n incident_a to_o the_o plough_n be_v plough_n error_n of_o the_o plough_n many_o some_o in_o the_o workman_n and_o driver_n who_o when_o they_o be_v wed_v to_o a_o old_a erroneous_a custom_n though_o never_o so_o evident_o discover_v will_v not_o recede_v from_o it_o or_o in_o the_o plough_n itself_o as_o when_o it_o be_v make_v too_o big_a and_o cumbersome_a and_o disproportion_v the_o one_o part_n too_o large_a or_o too_o little_a for_o the_o other_o and_o when_o it_o be_v rough_a and_o ill_o compass_v in_o the_o share_n when_o the_o handle_n be_v too_o short_a or_o too_o upright_a the_o iron_n dull_a and_o many_o other_o fault_n there_o
be_v which_o great_o hinder_v the_o husbandman_n ease_n and_o advantage_n and_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v remedy_v and_o if_o you_o will_v have_v your_o plough_n do_v you_o service_n and_o gain_v you_o advantage_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v these_o several_a good_a property_n or_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o you_o can_v obtain_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v well-proportionated_n for_o strength_n according_a to_o plough_n good_a property_n of_o a_o plough_n the_o nature_n or_o strength_n of_o the_o ground_n you_o be_v to_o plough_n that_o the_o iron_n be_v sharp_v and_o wear_v bright_a also_o the_o short_a and_o lesser_a any_o plough_n be_v make_v have_v its_o true_a pitch_n with_o its_o true_a cast_n on_o the_o shield-board_n and_o short_a wrest_v and_o sharp_a iron_n the_o far_o easy_a what_o else_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a in_o the_o plough_n you_o may_v better_o find_v by_o your_o manual_a and_o ocular_a experience_n than_o by_o all_o the_o instruction_n that_o can_v be_v here_o give_v as_o in_o plautus_n pluris_fw-la est_fw-la oculatus_fw-la testis_fw-la unus_fw-la quam_fw-la auriti_fw-la decem_fw-la yet_o if_o you_o be_v desirous_a to_o read_v the_o large_a description_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o plough_n now_o in_o use_n with_o all_o their_o diversity_n of_o coulter_n share_n shield-board_n wrist_n etc._n etc._n i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o english_a improver_n there_o may_v be_v other_o plough_n make_v for_o several_a use_v not_o usual_o know_v as_o light_o to_o pare_v off_o the_o turf_n of_o soarded_a land_n as_o turfing-plough_n a_o turfing-plough_n they_o usual_o do_v that_o most_o laborious_a way_n with_o the_o breast-plough_n to_o be_v burn_v on_o heap_n after_o it_o be_v turn_v and_o dry_v this_o will_v save_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o expense_n of_o burnbeating_a and_o be_v every_o whit_n as_o well_o if_o not_o better_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o plough_n draw_v with_o mastiff_n dog_n other_o promise_v much_o of_o plough_n drive_v by_o the_o wind_n but_o these_o i_o esteem_v as_o fruitless_a to_o the_o husbandman_n and_o rather_o the_o product_n of_o superficial_a ingenuity_n concern_v plough_n or_o instrument_n for_o the_o make_v the_o furrow_n sow_v the_o corn_n and_o cover_v of_o it_o with_o the_o same_o plough_n with_o the_o several_a other_o use_n of_o that_o and_o other_o plough_n you_o will_v find_v discover_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n 4._o chap._n 4._o sect_n ii_o of_o cart_n and_o wagon_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o wagon_n cart_n etc._n etc._n some_o with_o four_o some_o with_o two_o wheel_n and_o also_o for_o several_a use_n either_o for_o the_o carry_v of_o timber_n corn_n dung_n or_o suchlike_a all_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o according_a to_o the_o several_a place_n whether_o hilly_a level_a stony_a or_o clayie_a or_o to_o the_o several_a occasion_n for_o which_o they_o be_v intend_v in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v much_o more_o curious_a in_o the_o form_n of_o they_o make_v they_o neat_a light_a and_o slendere_a as_o well_o in_o the_o wheel_n as_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o cart_n or_o wagon_n the_o wheel_n the_o more_o upright_a or_o square_a the_o spoke_n be_v from_o the_o box_n or_o centre_n the_o weak_a they_o be_v when_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v on_o either_o side_n to_o that_o end_n they_o make_v they_o concave_a or_o dish_v and_o also_o to_o secure_v the_o wheel_n from_o break_v in_o a_o fall_n the_o great_a the_o circumference_n of_o the_o wheel_n be_v the_o easy_a some_o contrary_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o be_v the_o motion_n because_o the_o ring_n or_o bond_n of_o the_o wheel_n be_v the_o more_o flat_a and_o do_v more_o easy_o over-pass_a any_o stone_n or_o other_o obstruction_n in_o the_o way_n and_o sink_v not_o so_o easy_o into_o the_o concavity_n or_o defective_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o motion_n be_v also_o slow_a at_o the_o centre_n for_o the_o great_a wheel_n of_o eighteen_o foot_n in_o the_o circumference_n go_v but_o once_o round_a in_o the_o same_o measure_n of_o ground_n where_o the_o lesser_a wheel_n of_o nine_o foot_n in_o the_o circumference_n go_v twice_o and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o same_o rule_n and_o proportion_n where_o the_o difference_n be_v great_a or_o lesser_a therefore_o the_o lesser_a the_o wheel_n be_v of_o any_o cart_n wagon_n or_o plough_n the_o heavy_a it_o go_v and_o more_o uneven_o or_o jog_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o fore-wheel_n be_v lesser_a in_o a_o wagon_n be_v only_o for_o its_o conveniency_n in_o turn_v the_o high_a a_o cart_n or_o wagon_n be_v set_v the_o more_o apt_a it_o be_v for_o overturning_a cart_n new_a sort_n of_o cart_n but_o because_o the_o set_n of_o it_o low_o and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o wheel_n after_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o place_v they_o can_v consist_v together_o therefore_o it_o may_v prove_v very_o commodious_a to_o place_v the_o bed_n of_o the_o cart_n under_o the_o axletree_n at_o such_o distance_n as_o the_o depth_n or_o shallowness_n of_o the_o way_n or_o water_n you_o be_v to_o go_v through_o will_v bear_v for_o by_o this_o mean_v part_n of_o the_o weight_n will_v be_v under_o the_o axletree_n which_o will_v so_o far_o counterpoise_v what_o be_v above_o that_o it_o will_v very_o much_o prevent_v the_o overturning_a or_o over-setting_a the_o cart_n or_o wagon_n for_o we_o evident_o see_v that_o the_o high_a a_o load_n lie_v whether_o it_o be_v hay_o corn_n straw_n etc._n etc._n the_o easy_a it_o oversets_a and_o the_o low_a it_o lie_v as_o stone_n metal_n etc._n etc._n the_o more_o rare_o if_o you_o make_v the_o tail_n of_o the_o cart_n or_o wagon_n turn_v upward_o i_o can_v perceive_v any_o inconvenience_n can_v arise_v from_o this_o way_n they_o be_v much_o more_o curious_a in_o make_v of_o they_o in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o as_o in_o holland_n they_o make_v they_o very_o neat_a and_o light_a one_o horse_n shall_v effect_v as_o much_o with_o a_o slender_a neat_a and_o light_a cart_n and_o wheel_n as_o two_o shall_v with_o a_o cumbersome_a heavy_a one_o in_o china_n wagon_n be_v make_v to_o pass_v frequent_o with_o sail_n like_o sail_n wagon_n with_o sail_n ship_n as_o historiographer_n relate_v it_o be_v probable_a their_o wind_n be_v more_o certain_a and_o constant_a and_o their_o way_n more_o level_a than_o they_o be_v here_o in_o holland_n a_o wagon_n be_v late_o frame_v which_o with_o legacy_n hartlib_n be_v legacy_n ordinary_a sail_n carry_v thirty_o people_n sixty_o english_a mile_n in_o four_o hour_n i_o have_v see_v much_o do_v of_o this_o nature_n and_o more_o may_v be_v do_v as_o to_o make_v a_o cart_n or_o wagon_n move_v against_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o more_o the_o wind_n blow_v the_o fast_a it_o shall_v move_v against_o it_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o perpetual_a skrew_n etc._n etc._n but_o these_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n of_o advantage_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o sect_n iii_o of_o several_a other_o instrument_n use_v in_o digging_z etc._n etc._n the_o trenching-plough_n or_o coulter_n be_v a_o certain_a instrument_n use_v plough_n of_o the_o trench_a plough_n in_o meadow_n or_o pasture-ground_n to_o cut_v out_o the_o side_n of_o trench_n carriage_n or_o drain_v or_o it_o be_v use_v in_o cut_v out_o the_o side_n of_o turf_n for_o the_o take_n of_o it_o up_o whole_a to_o the_o intent_n to_o lay_v it_o down_o again_o in_o the_o same_o or_o some_o other_o place_n it_o be_v only_o a_o long_a stale_a or_o handle_v with_o a_o button_n at_o the_o end_n for_o one_o hand_n and_o at_o the_o other_o end_v it_o turn_v upward_o like_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o plough_n to_o slide_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o which_o bend_n must_v be_v place_v a_o coulter_n or_o knife_n of_o that_o length_n you_o intend_v the_o turf_n to_o be_v in_o depth_n several_a fashion_n there_o be_v of_o they_o some_o with_o one_o wheel_n some_o with_o two_o some_o with_o none_o you_o may_v make_v they_o as_o you_o please_v there_o be_v many_o sort_n of_o spade_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n spade_n of_o spade_n of_o place_n and_o the_o several_a occasion_n and_o humour_n of_o man_n one_o sort_n be_v make_v very_o thin_a light_a and_o sharp_a with_o a_o socket_n to_o turfing-spade_n turfing-spade_n put_v the_o stail_n in_o like_o the_o hedging-bill_n the_o bit_n very_o short_a and_o not_o very_o broad_a in_o shape_n much_o like_o a_o spade_n in_o card_n of_o very_o great_a use_n to_o some_o though_o hardly_o know_v to_o other_o to_o under-cut_a the_o turf_n after_o it_o be_v mark_v out_o with_o the_o trenching-plough_n which_o it_o do_v with_o much_o ease_n and_o expedition_n for_o the_o cut_a trench_n in_o watery_a clayie_a or_o morish_a land_n trenching-spade_n trenching-spade_n they_o usual_o use_v a_o spade_n with_o a_o langet_n or_o
place_n but_o you_o may_v raise_v speedy_o tree_n about_o your_o house_n as_o before_o we_o direct_v it_o 6._o chap._n 6._o be_v far_o better_a to_o have_v your_o house_n defend_v by_o tree_n than_o hill_n for_o these_o yield_v a_o cool_a refresh_a sweet_a and_o healthy_a air_n and_o shade_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o very_o much_o break_v the_o cold_a wind_n and_o tempest_n from_o every_o coast_n in_o the_o winter_n the_o other_o according_a as_o they_o be_v situate_v defend_v only_o from_o some_o certain_a wind_n and_o if_o they_o be_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o your_o house_n as_o they_o defend_v you_o from_o that_o air_n in_o the_o winter_n so_o do_v they_o deprive_v you_o of_o it_o in_o the_o summer_n if_o they_o be_v on_o the_o southside_n it_o otherwise_o prove_v as_o inconvenient_a beside_o they_o yield_v not_o the_o pleasure_n and_o contentment_n nor_o the_o variety_n of_o oblectation_n to_o the_o ingenious_a rustic_a as_o the_o tall_a plump_n of_o tree_n and_o pleasant_a grove_n do_v yet_o be_v hill_n clothe_v with_o coppice_n or_o otherwise_o improve_v pleasant_a object_n so_o that_o they_o stand_v not_o too_o near_o your_o house_n let_v not_o your_o house_n be_v too_o low_o seat_v lest_o you_o lose_v the_o conveniency_n of_o cellar_n but_o if_o you_o can_v but_o build_v on_o low_a ground_n set_v the_o low_a floor_n of_o your_o house_n the_o high_a to_o supply_v the_o want_n in_o your_o cellar_n of_o what_o you_o can_v sink_v in_o the_o ground_n for_o in_o such_o low_a and_o moist_a ground_n it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o dryness_n and_o healthiness_n of_o the_o air_n to_o have_v cellar_n under_o the_o house_n so_o that_o the_o floor_n be_v good_a and_o siel_v underneath_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a to_o build_v barn_n stable_n or_o suchlike_a place_n too_o near_o to_o your_o house_n because_o cattle_n poultry_n and_o suchlike_a require_v to_o be_v keep_v near_o they_o which_o will_v then_o annoy_v your_o house_n let_v your_o garden_n join_v to_o one_o if_o not_o more_o side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o what_o can_v be_v more_o pleasant_a for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n than_o to_o look_v out_o at_o the_o window_n of_o your_o parlour_n and_o chamber_n into_o a_o garden_n what_o side_n of_o your_o house_n be_v not_o join_v to_o your_o garden_n let_v there_o be_v court_n or_o yard_n keep_v from_o cattle_n poultry_n etc._n etc._n and_o plant_v with_o tree_n to_o shade_n defend_v and_o refresh_v your_o house_n and_o the_o wall_n also_o plant_v with_o vine_n and_o other_o fruit_n not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o build_n of_o palace_n or_o seat_n for_o the_o nobility_n house_n secure_a and_o cheap_a way_n of_o building_n a_o house_n or_o gentry_n but_o only_o of_o plain_a and_o ordinary_a farm-house_n i_o have_v thus_o much_o observe_v that_o house_n build_v too_o high_a in_o place_n obvious_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o not_o well_o defend_v by_o hill_n or_o tree_n require_v more_o material_n to_o build_v they_o and_o more_o also_o of_o reparation_n to_o maintain_v they_o and_o be_v not_o so_o commodious_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o the_o lower-built_a house_n which_o may_v be_v make_v at_o a_o much_o easy_a rate_n and_o also_o as_o complete_a and_o beautiful_a as_o the_o other_o in_o building_n of_o a_o house_n long_o you_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o some_o room_n and_o it_o take_v up_o more_o for_o entry_n and_o passage_n and_o require_v more_o door_n and_o if_o it_o be_v foursquare_a there_o must_v needs_o be_v light_n want_v in_o some_o part_n thereof_o more_o than_o if_o it_o be_v build_v like_o a_o h_n or_o some_o other_o suchlike_a figure_n which_o make_v it_o stand_v better_a and_o firm_a against_o the_o wind_n and_o light_n and_o air_n come_v every_o way_n to_o it_o every_o room_n be_v near_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o office_n as_o the_o kitchen_n dairy-room_n brew_v and_o baking-room_n be_v near_o unto_o the_o hall_n which_o only_o divide_v between_o those_o and_o the_o parlour_n etc._n etc._n several_a description_n and_o draught_n of_o foundation_n can_v i_o give_v you_o here_o be_v not_o the_o cut_n of_o they_o too_o costly_a for_o so_o rustic_a a_o work_n to_o bear_v the_o wall_n where_o brick_n may_v be_v have_v be_v best_a and_o most_o secure_o raise_v with_o it_o and_o with_o little_a cost_n if_o you_o raise_v firm_a and_o strong_a column_n at_o the_o corner_n of_o your_o house_n of_o strength_n sufficient_a to_o support_v the_o roof_n or_o main_a beam_n you_o may_v build_v they_o square_n and_o between_o they_o may_v you_o raise_v the_o wall_n with_o the_o same_o material_n and_o work_v they_o up_o together_o with_o the_o corner_n or_o column_n leave_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o extraordinary_a breadth_n of_o the_o column_n without_o and_o the_o other_o within_o the_o wall_n whereby_o you_o will_v save_v much_o cost_n and_o charge_n both_o in_o material_n and_o workmanship_n and_o yet_o your_o house_n be_v firm_a and_o strong_a the_o heavy_a any_o cover_v be_v to_o a_o house_n the_o great_a be_v the_o house_n best_o cover_v for_o a_o house_n expense_n in_o raise_v the_o whole_a frame_n or_o building_n to_o support_v it_o and_o the_o soon_o do_v it_o require_v reparation_n therefore_o heal_v with_o lead_n or_o flat_a stone_n be_v not_o to_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o weight_n where_o earthen_a tile_n slate_n or_o shingle_a may_v be_v have_v next_o unto_o lead_n or_o stone_n tile_n make_v of_o clay_n be_v the_o heavy_a and_o most_o in_o use_n pantiles_n such_o as_o come_v from_o holland_n be_v the_o best_a and_o light_a cover_v of_o any_o sort_n of_o tile_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o that_o another_o nation_n can_v transport_v so_o earthy_a a_o commodity_n and_o pay_v all_o duty_n etc._n etc._n and_o sell_v they_o at_o our_o own_o door_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n than_o we_o can_v make_v they_o and_o yet_o have_v we_o as_o good_a material_n and_o fuel_n more_o plentiful_a than_o they_o a_o composition_n of_o clay_n sand_n etc._n etc._n be_v easy_o make_v for_o tile_n etc._n of_o tile_n brick_n etc._n etc._n that_o shall_v make_v they_o not_o only_o thin_a and_o light_a but_o also_o strong_a and_o more_o durable_a if_o ingenious_a man_n will_v undertake_v it_o which_o be_v rare_a to_o be_v find_v in_o so_o dirty_a yet_o necessary_a a_o occupation_n which_o will_v save_v very_o much_o charge_n and_o material_n in_o building_n if_o it_o be_v true_o prosecute_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o brick_n etc._n etc._n and_o with_o such_o a_o composition_n may_v be_v make_v in_o mould_v all_o window-frames_a for_o a_o house_n of_o different_a work_n and_o magnitude_n and_o chimney-piece_n and_o frame_v for_o door_n etc._n etc._n in_o several_a piece_n make_v in_o mould_v that_o when_o they_o be_v burn_v may_v be_v set_v together_o with_o a_o fine_a red_a cement_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o one_o entire_a piece_n whereby_o may_v be_v imitate_v all_o stonework_n now_o use_v in_o building_n and_o it_o will_v very_o well_o supply_v its_o defect_n where_o stone_n be_v scarce_o and_o dear_a and_o also_o may_v save_v very_o much_o timber_n which_o be_v now_o use_v in_o brick-building_n and_o appear_v much_o more_o complete_a and_o beautiful_a and_o be_v of_o more_o strength_n and_o of_o long_a continuance_n than_o timber_n or_o ordinary_a brick_n and_o be_v very_o feasible_a as_o we_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o earthen-pipe_n make_v fine_a thin_a and_o durable_a to_o carry_v water_n under_o the_o ground_n at_o portsmouth_n and_o by_o the_o earthen-back_n and_o grate_v for_o chimney_n make_v by_o sir_n john_n winter_n former_o at_o charing-oross_a of_o a_o great_a bigness_n and_o thickness_n which_o be_v evident_a and_o sufficient_a demonstration_n of_o the_o possibility_n of_o make_v work_n fine_a thin_a and_o light_a for_o tile_n either_o plain_a or_o crooked_a and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o great_a work_n in_o mould_v and_o the_o through_o burn_v of_o they_o for_o door_n window_n and_o chimney-frames_a etc._n etc._n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o feasible_a and_o beneficial_a operation_n that_o i_o know_v in_o england_n to_o be_v neglect_v where_o either_o tile_n be_v scarce_o or_o timber_n not_o very_a plenty_n that_o you_o will_v have_v your_o house_n but_o light_o cover_v shingles_n shingles_n of_o shingles_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o thatch_n and_o if_o they_o be_v make_v of_o good_a oak_n and_o slit_v or_o cleave_v out_o and_o then_o well_o season_v in_o the_o water_n and_o sun_n they_o become_v a_o sure_a light_n and_o durable_a cover_n where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v the_o thin_a blue_a slate_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a slate_n slate_n cover_v be_v very_a light_n and_o last_a this_o be_v a_o common_a cover_n
in_o most_o part_n yet_o be_v some_o to_o be_v thatch_n thatch_n prefer_v before_o other_o the_o best_a that_o i_o have_v see_v be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v helm_n that_o be_v long_o and_o stiff_a wheat-straw_n with_o the_o ear_n cut_v off_o bind_v up_o in_o bundle_n unbruised_a which_o well_o lay_v lie_v thin_a last_v long_o and_o be_v much_o neat_a than_o the_o common_a way_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a thing_n to_o see_v thick_a and_o tall_a wall_n to_o fall_v either_o by_o brick-wall_n of_o building_n of_o stone_n or_o brick-wall_n reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o foundation_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o wall_n or_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o cement_n or_o mortar_n through_o age_n which_o have_v provoke_v several_a to_o great_a and_o unnecessary_a expense_n in_o lay_v deep_a and_o strong_a foundation_n and_o in_o make_v the_o wall_n much_o thick_a than_o usual_a when_o all_o that_o extraordinary_a cost_n may_v be_v save_v by_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o few_o observation_n first_o that_o straight_a wall_n though_o thick_a and_o seem_o strong_a yet_o either_o by_o the_o falseness_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o be_v obvious_a to_o high_a wind_n or_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o mortar_n be_v apt_a to_o lean_v or_o fall_v second_o that_o wall_n build_v crooked_a though_o thin_a and_o weak_a be_v yet_o more_o last_a than_o a_o straight_a wall_n three_o that_o a_o wall_n build_v over_o a_o river_n on_o pillar_n or_o arch_n stand_v as_o firm_a as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wall_n who_o foundation_n be_v entire_a as_o i_o have_v in_o several_a place_n observe_v which_o plain_o demonstrate_v unto_o we_o that_o a_o wall_n build_v up_o much_o thin_a than_o usual_a have_v at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n or_o suchlike_a as_o you_o think_v fit_a a_o angle_n set_v out_o about_o two_o foot_n or_o more_o according_a as_o the_o wall_n be_v in_o height_n or_o have_v at_o such_o distance_n a_o column_n or_o pillar_n erect_v with_o the_o wall_n six_o or_o eight_o inch_n or_o more_o on_o each_o side_n over_o and_o above_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o foundation_n of_o such_o jet_n out_o or_o column_n be_v firm_o lay_v that_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n strengthen_v the_o wall_n much_o more_o than_o if_o five_o time_n the_o material_n use_v in_o these_o jetting_n or_o column_n be_v use_v in_o the_o wall_n be_v straight_o which_o most_o evident_o save_v you_o a_o great_a part_n of_o your_o expense_n and_o your_o wall_n much_o more_o firm_a and_o complete_a for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o wall_n for_o fruit-tree_n these_o nook_n or_o corner_n in_o the_o jetting_n out_o whether_o angular_a or_o semicircular_a be_v secure_a place_n for_o the_o more_o tender_a tree_n or_o if_o they_o be_v column_n or_o pillar_n they_o make_v the_o wall_n much_o the_o warm_a by_o break_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n that_o pass_v by_o it_o and_o these_o foundation_n lay_v secure_a although_o at_o that_o distance_n support_v the_o wall_n in_o loose_a and_o false_a ground_n as_o though_o it_o be_v entire_a but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o loose_a you_o may_v project_v a_o arch_n from_o each_o foundation_n though_o obscure_o it_o be_v a_o great_a injury_n to_o our_o building_n that_o our_o cement_n be_v no_o mortar_n of_o mortar_n better_o in_o former_a age_n when_o they_o build_v with_o small_a and_o unequal_a stone_n their_o cement_n or_o mortar_n far_o exceed_v we_o as_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o old_a monastery_n castle_n etc._n etc._n where_o their_o mortar_n be_v far_o hard_a than_o in_o any_o of_o our_o more_o modern_a building_n it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n in_o mason_n bricklayer_n etc._n etc._n to_o let_v the_o lime_n slacken_v and_o cool_a before_o they_o make_v up_o their_o mortar_n and_o also_o to_o let_v their_o mortar_n cool_v and_o die_v before_o they_o use_v it_o also_o their_o stone_n they_o let_v be_v moist_a before_o they_o use_v they_o therefore_o if_o you_o expect_v your_o work_n to_o be_v well_o do_v and_o long_o to_o continue_v work_v up_o your_o lime_n quick_a and_o but_o little_a at_o a_o time_n that_o the_o mortar_n may_v not_o lie_v long_o before_o it_o be_v use_v and_o also_o with_o dry_a stone_n for_o which_o the_o summer_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v elect_v for_o brick_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o wintertime_n let_v they_o be_v lay_v dry_a if_o in_o the_o summertime_n wet_a it_o will_v quit_v your_o cost_n to_o employ_v a_o boy_n to_o wet_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n for_o they_o will_v unite_v with_o the_o mortar_n the_o better_a the_o lime_n itself_o also_o in_o some_o place_n be_v very_o weak_a be_v make_v of_o soft_a chalk-stone_n the_o other_o that_o be_v make_v of_o hard_a be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v in_o former_a age_n they_o cut_v their_o timber_n in_o the_o wintertime_n timber_n of_o timber_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v most_o out_o of_o it_o but_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o scarceness_n of_o oak_n the_o principal_a timber_n our_o statute_n oblige_v we_o to_o fall_v it_o in_o the_o summer_n for_o the_o bark_n be_v necessary_a for_o tanner_n etc._n etc._n by_o which_o mean_v our_o timber_n shrink_v chap_n and_o decay_n much_o more_o and_o soon_o than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v do_v which_o inconvenience_n in_o square-timber_n be_v not_o so_o apparent_a as_o in_o plank_n board_n or_o suchlike_a broad_a and_o thin_a work_n therefore_o in_o such_o case_n it_o require_v some_o kind_n of_o season_v or_o other_o to_o prevent_v they_o if_o you_o lay_v they_o in_o the_o sun_n or_o wind_n they_o chap_n or_o shrink_v or_o cast_v the_o best_a remedy_n in_o that_o case_n be_v to_o lay_v they_o in_o a_o pool_n or_o running_n stream_v a_o few_o day_n to_o extract_v the_o sap_n that_o remain_v in_o they_o and_o afterward_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o sun_n or_o air_n and_o they_o will_v neither_o chap_n cast_v nor_o cleave_v against_o shrink_v there_o be_v no_o remedy_n when_o timber_n or_o board_n be_v well_o season_v or_o dry_v in_o the_o sun_n or_o air_n and_o fix_v in_o their_o place_n and_o what_o labour_v you_o intend_v be_v bestow_v on_o they_o the_o use_n of_o linseed-oyl_n tar_n or_o suchlike_a oleaginous_a matter_n tend_v much_o to_o their_o preservation_n and_o duration_n hesiod_n prescribe_v to_o hang_v your_o instrument_n in_o the_o smoke_n to_o make_v they_o strong_a and_o last_a temonem_fw-la in_o fumo_fw-la ponere_n sure_o then_o the_o oil_n of_o smoke_n or_o the_o vegetable_a oil_n by_o some_o other_o mean_v obtain_v must_v needs_o be_v effectual_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o timber_n also_o virgil_n advise_v the_o same_o et_fw-la suspensa_fw-la focis_fw-la exploret_fw-la robora_fw-la fumus_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n they_o bruise_v their_o corn_n in_o mortar_n since_o mill_n of_o mill_n which_o most_o tedious_a and_o incomplete_a way_n mill_n have_v be_v invent_v some_o to_o be_v use_v by_o hand_n as_o quern_n other_o to_o be_v move_v by_o horse_n other_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o other_o by_o the_o water_n which_o last_o be_v maintain_v with_o least_o cost_n more_o certainty_n and_o most_o advantage_n have_v gain_v the_o pre-eminence_n and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o every_o place_n where_o there_o be_v water_n fit_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o where_o there_o be_v employment_n although_o a_o little_a for_o the_o ease_n and_o conveniency_n of_o the_o near_a inhabitant_n and_o for_o the_o particular_a advantage_n of_o the_o owner_n yet_o very_o much_o to_o the_o detriment_n and_o damage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n by_o injurious_a obstruction_n of_o water_n to_o the_o spoil_n of_o much_o meadow-ground_n and_o by_o the_o prevent_a the_o use_n of_o the_o water_n for_o that_o most_o advantageous_a improvement_n of_o overflow_a or_o drown_v of_o land_n which_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o these_o mill_n may_v be_v do_v and_o the_o corn_n as_o well_o ground_n to_o serve_v every_o one_o occasion_n either_o by_o windmill_n which_o may_v be_v erect_v on_o hill_n in_o hilly_a place_n and_o in_o plain_n on_o any_o open_a place_n where_o the_o wind_n may_v as_o well_o grind_v all_o your_o corn_n in_o place_n where_o the_o water-mill_n now_o stand_v as_o in_o other_o place_n where_o be_v only_a winde-mill_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o or_o by_o the_o rectification_n of_o water-mill_n that_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n may_v do_v that_o which_o now_o require_v a_o great_a to_o which_o end_n many_o have_v make_v very_o ingenious_a attempt_n and_o without_o question_n may_v much_o be_v do_v in_o it_o both_o in_o the_o frame_n and_o order_v the_o water-work_n which_o we_o will_v pass_v by_o and_o in_o the_o contrivance_n of_o the_o mill_n itself_o which_o doubtless_o go_v much_o heavy_a by_o the_o stone_n they_o call_v the_o runner_n it_o
to_o angle_n for_o they_o sect_n iii_o of_o angle_a for_o salmon_n and_o trout_n the_o salmon_n and_o trout_n be_v fish_n much_o of_o a_o complexion_n and_o nature_n different_a in_o their_o season_n from_o other_o fish_n the_o way_n of_o angle_a for_o they_o be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o salmon_n bit_v best_a in_o the_o summer-moneth_n about_o three_o salmon_n salmon_n of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n he_o keep_v not_o to_o one_o haunt_v but_o swim_v general_o in_o the_o deep_a and_o broad_a part_n of_o the_o river_n near_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v catch_v with_o worm_n fly_v or_o minnow_n the_o garden-worm_n be_v a_o excellent_a bait_n for_o a_o salmon_n if_o keep_v in_o moss_n about_o twenty_o day_n which_o will_v scour_v they_o and_o make_v they_o tough_a and_o clear_a you_o may_v also_o troul_v for_o a_o salmon_n as_o you_o do_v for_o a_o pike_n with_o a_o trouling-rod_n and_o line_n your_o artificial_a fly_n for_o a_o salmon_n must_v be_v large_a than_o for_o a_o trout_n and_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n long_o in_o angle_a for_o a_o salmon_n at_o ground_n put_v two_o or_o three_o worm_n at_o a_o time_n on_o the_o hook_n and_o give_v he_o time_n to_o gorge_v the_o bait_n the_o trout_n be_v also_o take_v with_o worm_n minnow_n or_o fly_n to_o trout_n trout_n fish_n for_o they_o in_o the_o night_n which_o be_v the_o best_a time_n for_o the_o great_a trout_n take_v two_o great_a worm_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o put_v they_o on_o your_o hook_n cast_v they_o at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o you_o and_o draw_v they_o to_o you_o again_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n not_o let_v they_o sink_v and_o give_v the_o trout_n time_n to_o gorge_v his_o bait_n instead_o of_o these_o worm_n you_o may_v use_v a_o black_a snail_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o black_a velvet_n which_o be_v as_o well_o they_o bite_v in_o the_o night_n best_o in_o the_o still_a deep_n but_o then_o unusual_o in_o the_o stream_n if_o you_o bait_v with_o a_o minnow_n you_o must_v place_v it_o so_o on_o the_o hook_n that_o the_o minnow_n must_v run_v round_o as_o you_o draw_v it_o towards_o you_o and_o to_o that_o end_n you_o must_v have_v a_o swivel_n on_o your_o line_n lest_o the_o run_v round_o of_o the_o minnow_n over-twist_n your_o line_n the_o same_o may_v you_o do_v for_o a_o salmon_n or_o pike_n if_o you_o bait_v with_o fly_n or_o palmer_n natural_a or_o artificial_a be_v sure_a to_o observe_v the_o season_n what_o palmer_n or_o fly_v they_o most_o delight_n in_o at_o that_o time_n that_o take_v or_o imitate_v it_o as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v sect_n iv_o of_o angle_a for_o the_o pike_n and_o perch_n these_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o white_a fish_n that_o spawn_n in_o the_o spring_n early_o and_o be_v greedy_a fish_n of_o prey_n especial_o the_o pike_n which_o will_v prey_v on_o its_o own_o kind_a you_o may_v take_v the_o pike_n by_o hang_v your_o line_n to_o a_o tree_n on_o the_o pike_n pike_n side_n of_o the_o river_n with_o a_o live_a bait_n 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