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protection_n against_o the_o mouse_n and_o a_o providential_a integument_n pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 23._o from_o this_o natural_a guard_n conclude_v they_o to_o be_v excellent_a food_n and_o doubtless_o caesar_n think_v so_o when_o he_o transport_v they_o from_o sardis_n first_o into_o italy_n whence_o they_o be_v propagate_v into_o france_n and_o thence_o among_o we_o another_o encouragement_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n out_o of_o foreign_a country_n some_o sow_v they_o confuse_o in_o the_o furrow_n like_o the_o acorn_n and_o govern_v they_o as_o the_o oak_n but_o then_o will_v the_o ground_n be_v break_v up_o betwixt_o november_n and_o february_n and_o when_o they_o spring_v be_v cleanse_v at_o two_o foot_n asunder_o after_o two_o year_n growth_n likewise_o may_v copse_n of_o chestnut_n be_v wonderful_o increase_v and_o thicken_v by_o lay_v the_o tender_a and_o young_a branch_n but_o such_o as_o spring_v from_o the_o nut_n and_o matrons_n be_v best_a of_o all_o and_o will_v 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that_o be_v somewhat_o brittle_a they_o give_v warning_n and_o premonish_v the_o danger_n by_o a_o certain_a crackle_v which_o it_o make_v former_o they_o make_v consultatory_n staff_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o the_o variegated_a rod_n which_o jacob_n peel_a to_o lay_v in_o the_o trough_n and_o impress_v a_o fancy_n in_o his_o father-in-law_n conceive_v ewe_n be_v of_o this_o material_a the_o coal_n be_v excellent_a for_o the_o smith_n be_v soon_o kindle_v and_o as_o soon_o extinguish_v but_o the_o ash_n of_o chessnut-wood_n be_v not_o convenient_a for_o to_o make_v a_o lee_n with_o because_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o stain_v the_o linen_n as_o for_o the_o fruit_n it_o be_v better_a to_o beat_v it_o down_o from_o the_o tree_n some_o little_a time_n before_o they_o fall_v off_o themselves_o thus_o they_o will_v the_o better_o keep_v or_o else_o you_o must_v smoke-dry_a they_o but_o we_o give_v that_o fruit_n to_o our_o swine_n in_o england_n which_o be_v among_o the_o delicacy_n of_o 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they_o when_o the_o weed_n be_v very_o young_a and_o tender_a least_o in_o stead_n of_o purge_v you_o quite_o erradicate_v your_o cypress_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o water_v and_o indeed_o whilst_o young_a if_o well_o follow_v they_o will_v make_v a_o prodigious_a advance_v when_o that_o long_a and_o incomparable_a walk_n of_o cypress_n at_o frascati_fw-la near_o rome_n be_v first_o plant_v they_o draw_v a_o small_a stream_n and_o indeed_o irrigare_fw-la be_v proper_o thus_o aquam_fw-la inducere_fw-la riguis_fw-la i.e._n in_o small_a gutter_n and_o rill_n by_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o as_o the_o water_n there_o be_v in_o abundance_n tractable_a and_o make_v it_o arrive_v to_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n height_n in_o one_o year_n but_o with_o we_o we_o may_v not_o be_v too_o prodigal_a since_o be_v once_o well_o take_v they_o thrive_v best_a in_o our_o sandy_a light_a and_o warm_a ground_n whence_o cardan_n say_v juxta_fw-la aquas_fw-la arescit_fw-la mean_v in_o low_a and_o moorish_a 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likewise_o of_o it_o as_o we_o observe_v but_o now_o be_v those_o of_o st._n peter_n at_o rome_n work_n of_o cypress_n wood_n permanent_a ad_fw-la diuturnitatem_fw-la say_v vitruvius_n l._n 2._o and_o the_o poet_n perpetuâ_fw-la nunquam_fw-la moritura_fw-la cupresso_fw-la mart._n e._n 6.6_o but_o to_o resume_v the_o disquisition_n whether_o it_o be_v true_o so_o proper_a for_o ship_n be_v controvert_v though_o we_o also_o find_v in_o cassiodorus_n vor._n l._n 5._o ep._n 16._o that_o theodoric_n cause_v store_n of_o it_o to_o be_v provide_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o plato_n who_o we_o tell_v you_o make_v law_n and_o title_n to_o be_v engrave_v in_o it_o nominate_v it_o inter_v arbores_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d utilis_fw-la l._n 4._o leg_n and_o so_o do_v diodorus_n l._n 19_o and_o as_o traveller_n observe_v there_o be_v no_o other_o sort_n of_o timber_n fit_a for_o ship_n so_o frequent_a as_o this_o tree_n about_o those_o part_n of_o assyria_n where_o the_o ark_n be_v conjecture_v to_o have_v be_v build_v so_o as_o those_o vast_a armada_n that_o alexander_n the_o great_a cause_v to_o be_v equip_v and_o set_v out_o from_o babylon_n consist_v only_o of_o cypress_n as_o we_o learn_v out_o of_o arrian_n in_o alex._n l._n 7._o and_o strabo_n l._n 16._o paulus_n colamenus_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d literaria_fw-la cap._n 24._o perstringe_n the_o most_o learned_a be_v vossius_fw-la that_o in_o his_o vindiciae_fw-la pro_fw-la lxx_o interp._n he_o affirm_v cypress_n not_o fit_a for_o ship_n but_o beside_o what_o we_o have_v produce_v fuller_n bochartus_fw-la etc._n etc._n lilius_fw-la gyraldus_n lib._n the_o navig_n c._n 4._o and_o divers_a other_o sufficient_o evince_v it_o and_o that_o the_o vessel_n build_v by_o trajan_n be_v of_o that_o material_a last_v uncorrupt_a near_o 1400_o year_n when_o it_o be_v afterward_o find_v in_o a_o certain_a lake_n if_o it_o be_v not_o rather_o as_o i_o suspect_v that_o which_o aeneas_n silvius_n report_v to_o have_v be_v discover_v in_o his_o time_n lie_v under_o water_n in_o the_o numician_n lake_n crust_v over_o with_o a_o certain_a feruginous_a mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o scales_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v of_o iron_n but_o it_o be_v pronounce_v to_o be_v larix_n and_o not_o cypress_n employ_v by_o tiberius_n final_o not_o to_o forget_v even_o the_o very_a chip_n of_o this_o precious_a wood_n which_o give_v that_o flavour_n to_o muscadines_n and_o other_o rich_a wine_n i_o commend_v it_o for_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o air_n and_o a_o specific_a for_o the_o lung_n as_o send_v forth_o most_o sweet_a and_o aromatic_a emission_n when_o ever_o it_o be_v either_o clip_v or_o handle_v and_o the_o chip_n or_o cones_fw-la be_v burn_v extinguish_v moth_n and_o expel_v the_o gnat_n and_o fly_n etc._n etc._n not_o omit_v the_o gum_n which_o it_o yield_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o terbintine_n or_o lentisc_n but_o quid_fw-la tibi_fw-la odorato_fw-la referam_fw-la sudantia_fw-la ligno_fw-la if_o i_o forget_v 14._o the_o cedar_n which_o grow_v in_o all_o extreme_n in_o the_o moist_a barbados_n the_o hot_a bermuda_n the_o cold_a new-england_n even_o where_o the_o snow_n lie_v as_o i_o be_o assure_v almost_o half_a the_o year_n why_o then_o it_o shall_v not_o thrive_v in_o old_a england_n i_o conceive_v be_v from_o our_o want_n of_o industry_n it_o grow_v in_o the_o bog_n of_o america_n and_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o asia_n it_o seem_v there_o be_v no_o place_n affright_v it_o i_o have_v frequent_o raise_v it_o of_o the_o seed_n which_o i_o set_v like_o the_o bay-berry_n and_o we_o may_v have_v of_o the_o very_o best_a kind_n in_o the_o world_n from_o the_o summer_n island_n though_o now_o almost_o utter_o exhaust_v there_o also_o and_o so_o the_o most_o incomparable_a of_o that_o sacred_a wood_n like_o to_o be_v quite_o destroy_v by_o our_o negligence_n which_o be_v
wash_v out_o and_o such_o a_o preservative_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o wood_n nay_o of_o many_o other_o thing_n as_o rope_n cable_n fishing-net_n mast_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o defend_v they_o from_o putrefaction_n either_o in_o water_n under_o or_o above_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o snow_n ice_n air_n winter_n or_o summer_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o describe_v the_o process_n of_o the_o aquafortis_n it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o our_o common_a coperas_fw-la make_v this_o aquafortis_n well_o enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n be_v draw_v over_o by_o a_o retort_n and_o for_o sulphur_n the_o island_n of_o saint_n christopher_n yield_v enough_o which_o hardly_o need_v any_o refine_v to_o furnish_v the_o whole_a world_n this_o secret_a for_o the_o curious_a i_o think_v fit_a not_o to_o omit_v though_o a_o more_o compendious_a three_o or_o four_o anointing_n with_o linseed_n oil_n have_v prove_v very_o effectual_a it_o be_v experiment_v in_o a_o walnut_n table_n where_o it_o destroy_v million_o of_o worm_n immediate_o and_o be_v to_o be_v practise_v for_o table_n tube_n mathematical_a instrument_n box_n bedstead_n chair_n rarity_n etc._n etc._n oil_n of_o walnut_n will_v doubtless_o do_v the_o same_o be_v sweet_a and_o a_o better_a varnish_n but_o above_o all_o be_v commend_v oil_n of_o cedar_n or_o that_o of_o juniper_n 24._o hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o tree_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n in_o particular_a now_o a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v their_o order_n in_o general_a as_o it_o relate_v to_o copse_n lop_n felling_n etc._n etc._n then_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o more_o concern_v their_o use_v as_o to_o fuel_n etc._n etc._n and_o cast_v such_o accidental_a lesson_n into_o a_o few_o aphorism_n as_o can_v not_o well_o be_v more_o regular_o insert_v last_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o some_o more_o serious_a observation_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o main_a design_n and_o project_n of_o this_o discourse_n as_o it_o concern_v the_o improvement_n of_o his_o majesty_n forest_n for_o the_o honour_n and_o security_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o copse_n copse_n 1._o sylva_n caedua_fw-la be_v as_o varro_n define_v it_o as_o well_o copse_n to_o cut_v for_o fuel_n as_o for_o use_v of_o timber_n and_o we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v both_o by_o sow_v and_o plant_v i_o shall_v only_o here_o add_v that_o if_o in_o their_o first_o designation_n they_o be_v so_o lay_v out_o as_o to_o grow_v for_o several_a fall_n they_o will_v both_o prove_v more_o profitable_a and_o most_o delightful_a most_o profitable_a because_o of_o their_o annual_a succession_n and_o most_o pleasant_a because_o there_o will_v always_o remain_v some_o of_o they_o stand_v and_o if_o they_o be_v so_o cast_v out_o as_o that_o you_o leave_v straight_o and_o even_a interval_n of_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n for_o grass_n between_o spring-wood_n and_o spring-wood_n secure_o fence_v and_o preserve_v the_o pasture_n will_v lie_v both_o warm_a and_o prove_v of_o exceed_a delight_n to_o the_o owner_n these_o space_n likewise_o useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o cart-way_n to_o fetch_v out_o the_o wood_n at_o every_o fall_n there_o be_v not_o a_o more_o noble_a and_o worthy_a husbandry_n than_o be_v this_o which_o reject_v no_o sort_n of_o ground_n as_o we_o have_v abundant_o show_v since_o even_o the_o most_o boggy_a place_n may_v so_o be_v drain_v and_o cast_v as_o to_o yield_v its_o increase_n by_o plant_v the_o dry_a sort_n upon_o the_o ridge_n and_o bank_n which_o you_o cast_v up_o where_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o and_o then_o willow_n sallow_a alder_a poplar_n sycomor_n etc._n etc._n will_v shoot_v tolerable_o well_o on_o the_o low_a and_o more_o vliginous_a with_o this_o caution_n that_o for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n they_o be_v keep_v diligent_o weed_v and_o cleanse_v which_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o fence_v and_o guard_v from_o cattle_n our_o ordinary_a copse_n be_v chief_o upon_o hazel_n or_o the_o birch_n but_o if_o among_o the_o other_o kind_n store_n of_o ash_n chessnut_n and_o sallow_a at_o least_o one_o in_o four_o be_v sprinkle_v in_o the_o plant_v the_o profit_n will_v soon_o discover_v a_o difference_n and_o well_o recompense_v the_o industry_n other_o advise_v we_o to_o plant_n shoot_v of_o sallow_a willow_n alder_n and_o of_o all_o the_o swift_a grow_a tree_n be_v of_o seven_o year_n growth_n slope_v off_o both_o the_o end_n towards_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o billet_n and_o bury_v they_o a_o reasonable_a depth_n in_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o put_v forth_o seven_o or_o eight_o branch_n each_o of_o which_o will_v become_v a_o tree_n in_o a_o short_a time_n especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v moist_a the_o near_a distance_n for_o these_o plantation_n ought_v never_o to_o be_v less_o than_o five_o foot_n at_o first_o since_o every_o fell_n render_v they_o wide_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o timber_n even_o to_o thirty_o and_o forty_o foot_n in_o five_o or_o six_o felling_n 2._o though_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o we_o to_o prescribe_v at_o what_o age_n it_o be_v best_o husbandry_n to_o fell_a coppse_n as_o we_o at_o least_o call_v best_a husbandry_n that_o be_v for_o most_o and_o great_a gain_n since_o the_o mercat_n and_o the_o kind_n of_o wood_n and_o emergent_a use_n do_v so_o much_o govern_v yet_o copse_n be_v sometime_o of_o a_o competent_a stature_n after_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n from_o the_o acorn_n and_o so_o every_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n successive_o will_v rise_v better_a and_o better_o but_o this_o have_v need_n be_v in_o extraordinary_a ground_n otherwise_o you_o may_v do_v well_o to_o allow_v they_o twelve_o or_o fifteen_o to_o fit_v they_o for_o the_o axe_n but_o those_o of_o twenty_o year_n stand_v be_v better_o and_o far_o advance_v the_o price_n especial_o if_o oak_n and_o ash_n and_o chessnut_n be_v the_o chief_a furniture_n some_o of_o our_o old_a clergy_n spring-wood_n heretofore_o have_v be_v let_v rest_n till_o twenty_o five_o or_o thirty_o year_n and_o have_v prove_v high_o worth_a the_o attendance_n for_o by_o that_o time_n even_o a_o seminary_n of_o acorn_n will_v render_v a_o consideble_a advance_v as_o i_o have_v already_o exemplify_v in_o the_o northamptonshire_n lady_n and_o if_o copse_n be_v so_o divide_v as_o that_o every_o year_n there_o may_v be_v some_o fell_v it_o be_v a_o continual_a and_o a_o present_a profit_n seventeen_o year_n growth_n afford_v a_o tolerable_a fall_v suppose_v the_o copse_n of_o seventeen_o acre_n one_o acre_n may_v be_v yearly_o fall_v for_o ever_o and_o so_o more_o according_a to_o proportion_n but_o the_o seldom_o fall_v yield_v the_o more_o timber_n 3._o as_o to_o what_o number_n and_o scantlings_n you_o be_v to_o leave_v on_o every_o acre_n the_o statute_n be_v our_o general_a guide_n at_o least_o the_o legal_a it_o be_v a_o very_a ordinary_a copse_n which_o will_v not_o afford_v three_o or_o four_o first_o that_o be_v best_o fourteen_o second_o twelve_o three_o eight_o waver_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o which_o proportion_v the_o size_n of_o young_a tree_n in_o copse_a be_v to_o succeed_v one_o another_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 35_o hen._n 8._o in_o copse_n or_o vnderwood_n fell_v at_o twenty_o four_o year_n growth_n there_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v twelve_o standil_n or_o store_v of_o oak_n upon_o each_o acre_n in_o defect_n of_o so_o many_o oak_n the_o same_o number_n of_o elm_n ash_n asp_n or_o beech_n and_o they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v of_o likely_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v spare_v at_o some_o former_a felling_n unless_o there_o be_v none_o in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v to_o be_v then_o leave_v and_o so_o to_o continue_v without_o felling_n till_o they_o be_v ten_o inch_n square_a within_o a_o yard_n of_o ground_n copse_n above_o this_o growth_n fell_v to_o leave_v twelve_o great_a oak_n or_o in_o defect_n of_o they_o other_o timber-tree_n as_o above_o and_o so_o to_o be_v leave_v for_o twenty_o year_n long_o and_o to_o be_v enclose_v seven_o year_n 4._o in_o sum_n you_o be_v to_o spare_v as_o many_o likely_a tree_n for_o timber_n as_o with_o discretion_n you_o can_v and_o as_o to_o the_o fell_n begin_v at_o one_o side_n that_o the_o cart_n may_v enter_v without_o detriment_n to_o what_o you_o leave_v stand_v the_o underwood_n may_v be_v cut_v from_o january_n at_o the_o late_a till_o mid_n march_n or_o april_n or_o from_o mid_a september_n till_o near_o the_o end_n of_o november_n so_o as_o all_o be_v avoid_v by_o midsummer_n at_o the_o late_a and_o then_o fence_v where_o the_o row_v and_o brush_n lie_v long_o unbound_v or_o make_v up_o you_o endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o second_o
to_o the_o very_a red-strake_a and_o before_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n but_o upon_o more_o mature_a consideration_n the_o very_a critic_n themselves_o now_o recant_v as_o be_v too_o effeminate_a and_o soft_a for_o a_o judicious_a palate_n the_o red-strake_a then_o among_o these_o accurate_a taster_n have_v obtain_v the_o absolute_a praeeminence_n of_o all_o other_o cider-fruit_n especial_o in_o hereford-shire_n 37._o as_o be_v the_o rich_a and_o most_o vinous_a liquor_n and_o now_o with_o the_o more_o earnestness_n commend_v to_o our_o practice_n for_o its_o celerity_n in_o become_v a_o orchard_n be_v ordinary_o as_o full_a of_o fruit_n at_o ten_o year_n growth_n as_o other_o tree_n be_v at_o twenty_o the_o pepin_n or_o pearmain_n at_o thirty_o and_o last_o from_o that_o no_o contemptible_a quality_n that_o though_o the_o smile_n of_o it_o entice_v even_o on_o the_o tree_n as_o be_v indeed_o better_o than_o most_o other_o table-fruit_n whilst_o hang_v yet_o it_o need_v no_o priapus_n for_o protector_n since_o as_o beautiful_a as_o it_o be_v it_o have_v no_o such_o temptation_n to_o the_o taste_n till_o it_o be_v either_o bake_v or_o convert_v into_o cider_n the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v also_o of_o the_o broms-bery-crab_n bareland-pear_n and_o many_o other_o wilding_n who_o be_v no_o less_o at_o their_o self-defence_n yet_o the_o gennet-moyle_n at_o due_a maturity_n have_v both_o a_o gentle_a and_o agreeable_a relish_n their_o unagreeableness_n to_o the_o palate_n as_o elsewhere_o note_v proceed_v only_o from_o the_o separation_n the_o juice_n make_v from_o the_o pulp_n which_o even_o child_n do_v remedy_n by_o contuse_v they_o on_o their_o sharpen_a elbow_n which_o if_o thorough_o weigh_v seem_v to_o dispute_v if_o not_o overthrow_v some_o hypothesis_n of_o fermentation_n in_o sum_n the_o red-strake_a will_n at_o three_o year_n graft_n give_v you_o fair_a hope_n and_o last_v almost_o a_o hundred_o year_n if_o from_o sundry_a man_n experience_n of_o more_o than_o 60_o year_n we_o may_v divine_v and_o that_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o soyl._n and_o the_o gennet-moyle_n hasten_v to_o a_o orchard_n for_o cider_n without_o trouble_n of_o art_n or_o graft_n but_o note_n cider_n that_o this_o tree_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o contract_v a_o bur-knot_n near_o its_o trunk_n where_o it_o begin_v to_o divide_v and_o be_v cut_v off_o under_o that_o boss_n common_o grow_v if_o so_o set_v and_o become_v speedy_o a_o tree_n except_o it_o encounter_v a_o extraordinary_a dry_a summer_n the_o first_o year_n to_o give_v it_o check_v and_o though_o the_o knack_n of_o graft_n be_v so_o obvious_a yet_o this_o more_o appear_a facility_n do_v so_o please_v the_o lazy_a clown_n that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o neither_o have_v nor_o desire_v any_o other_o orchard_n and_o how_o this_o humour_n prevail_v you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o hasty_a progress_n of_o our_o kentish_a codlin_n in_o most_o part_n of_o england_n but_o this_o hasty_a growth_n and_o maturity_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v by_o another_o instance_n confirm_v to_o we_o from_o that_o worthy_a gent._n mr._n blount_n of_o orleton_n who_o write_v i_o word_n that_o some_o of_o the_o reject_a spray_n or_o prune_n of_o the_o gennet-moyle_n take_v by_o chance_n to_o rice_n a_o plot_n of_o pease_n though_o stick_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o at_o april_n put_v forth_o root_n grow_v blossom_v and_o bear_v apple_n the_o same_o year_n but_o to_o advance_v again_o our_o red-strake_a even_o above_o the_o pepin_n and_o the_o rest_n beside_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o improvement_n and_o constant_a burden_n consider_v we_o the_o most_o incredible_a product_n since_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o each_o apple_n more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n so_o as_o in_o the_o same_o orchard_n under_o the_o same_o culture_n thirty_o red-strake_a tree_n shall_v at_o ten_o year_n graft_n yield_v more_o cider_n than_o a_o hundred_o of_o those_o pippin_n and_o surmount_v they_o in_o proportion_n during_o their_o period_n at_o least_o sixty_o or_o seventy_o year_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o cider_n of_o the_o golden-pepin_n shall_v excel_v which_o with_o some_o be_v precarious_a yet_o it_o be_v in_o no_o wise_a proper_a for_o a_o cider-orchard_n according_a to_o our_o general_a design_n not_o by_o half_a so_o soon_o bear_v nor_o so_o constant_o nor_o in_o that_o quantity_n nor_o fullness_n or_o security_n concern_v perry_n the_o horse-pear_n and_o bare-land-pear_n be_v repute_v of_o the_o best_a as_o bear_v almost_o their_o weight_n of_o spriteful_a and_o vinous_a liquor_n the_o experience_a prefer_v the_o tawny_a or_o ruddy_a sort_n 34._o as_o the_o colour_n of_o all_o other_o most_o proper_a for_o perry_n they_o will_v grow_v in_o common-field_n gravelly_a wild_a and_o stony_a ground_n to_o that_o largeness_n as_o one_o only_a tree_n have_v be_v usual_o know_v to_o make_v three_o or_o four_o hogshead_n that_o of_o bosbury_n and_o some_o other_o be_v so_o tart_a and_o harsh_a that_o there_o 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the_o winter_n at_o the_o expiration_n whereof_o you_o will_v find_v they_o sprout_v and_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o tender_a hand_n as_o apt_a to_o take_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v sow_v with_o the_o most_o early_o nay_o with_o great_a advantage_n by_o this_o mean_n too_o they_o have_v escape_v the_o vermin_n which_o be_v prodigious_a devourer_n of_o winter_n fow_v and_o will_v not_o be_v much_o concern_v with_o the_o increase_a heat_n of_o the_o season_n as_o such_o as_o be_v crude_a and_o unferment_v be_v new_o sow_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n especial_o in_o hot_a and_o loose_a ground_n be_v already_o in_o so_o fair_a a_o progress_n by_o this_o artificial_a preparation_n and_o which_o if_o the_o provision_n to_o be_v make_v be_v very_o great_a may_v be_v thus_o manage_v choose_v a_o fit_a piece_n of_o ground_n and_o with_o board_n if_o it_o have_v not_o that_o position_n of_o itself_o design_v it_o three_o foot_n high_a lay_v the_o first_o foot_n 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chet_a the_o soon_o especial_o if_o you_o have_v be_v retard_v in_o your_o sow_v without_o our_o former_a preparation_n 5._o be_v thus_o provide_v with_o seed_n of_o all_o kind_n i_o will_v advise_v to_o raise_v wood_n by_o sow_v they_o apart_o in_o several_a place_n destine_v for_o their_o growth_n where_o the_o mould_n be_v prepare_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o so_o qualify_v if_o election_n be_v make_v as_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o species_n they_o may_v be_v sow_v promiscuous_o which_o be_v the_o most_o natural_a and_o rural_a or_o in_o straight_a and_o even_a line_n for_o hedg-row_n avenue_n and_o walk_n which_o be_v the_o more_o ornamental_a but_o because_o some_o may_v choose_v rather_o to_o draw_v they_o out_o of_o nursery_n that_o the_o culture_n be_v not_o much_o different_a nor_o the_o hindrance_n considerable_a provide_v they_o be_v early_o and_o careful_o remove_v i_o will_v finish_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v these_o 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of_o a_o lordship_n or_o demesne_n be_v with_o a_o pleasant_a industry_n liberal_o distribute_v among_o the_o tenant_n and_o dispose_v of_o about_o the_o hedgerow_n and_o other_o waste_n and_o uncultivated_a place_n for_o timber_n shelter_n fuel_n and_o ornament_n to_o a_o incredible_a advantage_n this_o be_v a_o cheap_a and_o laudable_a work_n of_o so_o much_o pleasure_n in_o the_o execution_n and_o so_o certain_a a_o profit_n in_o the_o event_n to_o be_v but_o once_o well_o do_v for_o as_o i_o affirm_v a_o very_a small_a nursery_n will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n people_n a_o vast_a extent_n of_o ground_n have_v make_v i_o sometime_o in_o admiration_n at_o the_o universal_a negligence_n 2._o have_v therefore_o make_v choice_n of_o some_o fit_a place_n of_o ground_n well_o fence_v respect_v the_o southeast_n rather_o than_o the_o full_a south_n and_o well_o protect_v from_o the_o north_n and_o west_n he_o that_o for_o wood_n his_o field_n will_v sow_v must_v clear_v it_o of_o the_o shrubb_n that_o grow_v cut_v bramble_n up_o and_o the_o ferne_n mow_v qui_fw-la serere_fw-la ingenuum_fw-la volet_fw-la agrum_fw-la liberat_fw-la prius_fw-la arva_fw-la fruticibus_fw-la false_a rubos_fw-la filicemque_fw-la resecat_fw-la both_o l._n 2._o meâ—_n this_o do_v let_v it_o be_v break_v up_o the_o winter_n before_o you_o sow_v to_o mellow_v it_o especial_o if_o it_o be_v a_o clay_n and_o then_o the_o furrow_n will_v be_v make_v deep_o or_o so_o at_o least_o as_o you_o will_v prepare_v it_o for_o wheat_n or_o you_o may_v trench_v it_o with_o the_o spade_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v the_o easy_o be_v cleanse_v of_o whatsoever_o may_v obstruct_v the_o put_n forth_o and_o insinuate_v of_o the_o tender_a root_n then_o have_v give_v it_o a_o second_o stir_v immediate_o before_o you_o sow_v cast_v and_o dispose_v it_o into_o rill_n or_o small_a narrow_a trench_n of_o four_o or_o five_o
will_v have_v none_o transplant_v less_o than_o five_o finger_n in_o diametre_fw-la but_o i_o have_v show_v why_o we_o be_v not_o to_o attend_v so_o long_o for_o such_o as_o we_o raise_v of_o seedling_n in_o the_o interim_n if_o these_o direction_n appear_v too_o busy_a or_o operose_fw-la or_o that_o the_o plantation_n you_o intend_v be_v very_o ample_a a_o more_o compendious_a method_n will_v be_v the_o confuse_a sow_v of_o acorn_n etc._n etc._n in_o furrow_n two_o foot_n asunder_o cover_v at_o three_o finger_n depth_n and_o so_o for_o three_o year_n cleanse_v and_o the_o first_o winter_n cover_v with_o fearn_v without_o any_o far_a culture_n unless_o you_o transplant_v they_o but_o as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o nursery_n they_o will_v be_v cut_v a_o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o let_v stand_v till_o march_v the_o second_o year_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o disbranch_v they_o to_o one_o only_a shoot_n whether_o you_o suffer_v they_o to_o stand_v or_o 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in_o range_v of_o they_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o they_o conduct_v and_o lead_v we_o to_o avenue_n and_o be_v plant_v for_o vistas_n as_o the_o italian_n term_n be_v in_o which_o case_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o breadth_n and_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n etc._n etc._n shall_v govern_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n with_o this_o only_a note_n that_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v rather_o apt_a to_o spread_v than_o mount_v as_o the_o oak_n beech_n wall-nutt_n etc._n etc._n be_v dispose_v at_o wide_a interval_n than_o the_o other_o and_o such_o as_o grow_v best_a in_o consort_n as_o the_o elm_n ash_n limetree_n sycomore_n fir_n pine_n etc._n etc._n regard_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o this_o work_n v.g._n if_o tree_n that_o affect_v cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n be_v plant_v in_o hot_a and_o dry_a place_n than_o set_v they_o at_o close_a order_n but_o tree_n which_o love_v scorch_a and_o dry_a ground_n at_o far_a distance_n the_o like_a rule_n may_v also_o guide_v in_o situation_n expose_v to_o impetuous_a wind_n and_o other_o accident_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o general_a rule_n in_o this_o piece_n of_o tacty_n 8._o to_o leave_v nothing_o omit_v which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o stability_n of_o our_o transplant_v tree_n something_o be_v to_o be_v premise_v concern_v their_o stake_n and_o secure_v from_o external_a injury_n especial_o from_o wind_n and_o cattle_n against_o both_o which_o such_o as_o be_v plant_v in_o copse_n and_o for_o ample_a wood_n be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o mound_n and_o their_o close_a order_n especial_o if_o they_o rise_v of_o seed_n but_o where_o they_o be_v expose_v in_o single_a row_n as_o in_o walk_n and_o avenue_n the_o most_o effectual_a course_n be_v to_o empale_v they_o with_o three_o good_a quarter_n stake_v of_o competent_a length_n set_v in_o triangle_n and_o make_v fast_o to_o one_o another_o by_o short_a piece_n above_o and_o beneath_o in_o which_o a_o few_o bramble_n be_v stick_v secure_v it_o abundant_o without_o that_o choke_n or_o fret_v to_o which_o tree_n be_v obnoxious_a that_o be_v only_o single_a stake_v and_o bush_v as_o the_o vulgar_a manner_n be_v nor_o be_v the_o charge_n of_o this_o so_o considerable_a as_o the_o great_a advantage_n account_v for_o the_o frequent_a reparation_n which_o the_o other_o will_v require_v where_o cattle_n do_v not_o come_v i_o find_v a_o good_a piece_n of_o rope_n tie_v fast_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o tree_n upon_o a_o wisp_n of_o straw_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o gal_v and_o the_o other_o end_n tight_o strain_v to_o a_o hook_n or_o peg_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o the_o shroud_n in_o ship_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o mast_n sufficient_o stablish_v my_o tree_n against_o the_o western_a blast_n without_o more_o trouble_n for_o the_o wind_n of_o other_o quarter_n seldom_o infest_v we_o but_o these_o cord_n have_v need_n be_v well_o pitch_v to_o preserve_v they_o from_o wet_a and_o so_o they_o will_v last_v many_o year_n i_o can_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n conceal_v what_o a_o noble_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o in_o his_o goodly_a plantation_n of_o tree_n in_o scotland_n where_o they_o be_v continual_o expose_v to_o much_o great_a and_o more_o impetuous_a wind_n than_o we_o be_v usual_o acquaint_v with_o he_o never_o stake_v any_o of_o his_o tree_n but_o upon_o all_o disaster_n of_o this_o kind_n cause_v only_o his_o servant_n to_o redress_v and_o set_v they_o up_o again_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v overthrow_v which_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o thrive_v better_a with_o they_o than_o with_o those_o which_o he_o have_v stake_v and_o that_o at_o last_o they_o strike_v root_n so_o fast_o as_o nothing_o but_o the_o axe_n be_v able_a to_o prostrate_v they_o and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n whilst_o these_o concussion_n of_o the_o root_n loosen_v the_o mould_n not_o only_o make_v room_n for_o their_o more_o easy_a insinuation_n but_o likewise_o open_v and_o prepare_v it_o to_o receive_v and_o impart_v the_o better_a nourishment_n it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n i_o suggest_v that_o transplant_v pine_n and_o sir_n for_o want_v of_o their_o penetrate_a tap_n root_n be_v hardly_o consistent_a against_o these_o gust_n after_o they_o be_v grow_v high_a especial_o where_o they_o be_v set_v close_o and_o in_o tuft_n which_o betray_v they_o to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n and_o therefore_o such_o tree_n do_v best_a in_o walk_n and_o at_o competent_a distance_n where_o they_o escape_v tolerable_o well_o such_o therefore_o as_o we_o design_v for_o wood_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v sow_v and_o never_o remove_v but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o i_o now_o proceed_v to_o particular_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o oak_n oak_n 1._o robur_n the_o oak_n i_o have_v sometime_o consider_v it_o very_o serious_o what_o shall_v move_v pliny_n to_o make_v a_o whole_a chapter_n of_o one_o only_a line_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o argument_n alone_o of_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o huge_a volumn_n but_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o matter_n do_v worthy_o excuse_v he_o who_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o spare_v his_o word_n or_o his_o reader_n glandiferi_fw-la maximè_fw-la generis_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la honos_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la perpetuus_fw-la mast-bearing-tree_n be_v principal_o those_o which_o the_o roman_n hold_v in_o chief_a repute_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 3._o and_o in_o the_o follow_v where_o he_o treat_v of_o chaplet_n and_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o civic_a coronet_n it_o may_v be_v compose_v of_o the_o leave_n or_o branch_n of_o any_o oak_n provide_v it_o be_v a_o bear_a tree_n and_o have_v acorn_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v for_o the_o esteem_n which_o these_o wise_a and_o glorious_a people_n have_v of_o this_o tree_n above_o all_o other_o that_o i_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o oak_n 2._o the_o oak_n be_v of_o four_o kind_n two_o of_o which_o be_v most_o common_a with_o we_o for_o we_o shall_v say_v little_a of_o the_o cerris_n goodly_a to_o look_v on_o but_o for_o little_a else_o the_o quercus_fw-la urbana_fw-la which_o grow_v more_o upright_a and_o be_v clean_o and_o light_a be_v fit_a for_o timber_n and_o the_o robur_n or_o quercus_fw-la sylvestris_n take_v robur_n for_o the_o general_a name_n at_o least_o as_o contradistinct_a from_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o a_o hard_a black_a grain_n bear_v a_o small_a acorn_n and_o affect_v to_o spread_v in_o branch_n and_o to_o put_v forth_o his_o root_n more_o above_o ground_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o plant_n to_o be_v allow_v a_o great_a distance_n viz._n from_o twenty_o five_o to_o forty_o foot_n nay_o sometime_o as_o many_o yard_n whereas_o the_o other_o shoot_v up_o more_o erect_v will_v be_v content_v with_o fifteen_o this_o kind_n be_v far_a to_o be_v
distinguish_v by_o his_o fullness_n of_o leaf_n which_o tarnish_n and_o become_v yellow_a at_o the_o fall_n do_v common_o clothe_v it_o all_o the_o winter_n the_o root_n grow_v very_o deep_a and_o straggle_a the_o author_n of_o britannia_n baconica_n speak_v of_o a_o oak_n in_o lanhadron_n park_n in_o cornwall_n which_o bear_v constant_o leave_v speckle_v with_o white_a and_o of_o another_o call_v the_o painted-oak_n which_o i_o only_o mention_v here_o that_o the_o variety_n may_v be_v compare_v by_o some_o ingenious_a person_n thereabouts_o as_o well_o as_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fatal_a prae-admonition_n of_o oak_n bear_v strange_a leaf_n 3._o it_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o propagation_n of_o this_o large_a spread_a oak_n which_o be_v especial_o recommend_v for_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o that_o his_o majesty_n forest_n be_v well_o and_o plentiful_o store_v with_o they_o because_o they_o require_v room_n and_o space_n to_o amplify_v and_o expand_v themselves_o and_o will_v therefore_o be_v plant_v at_o more_o remote_a distance_n and_o free_a from_o all_o encumbrance_n and_o this_o upon_o consideration_n how_o slow_o a_o fullgrown_a oak_n mount_v upward_o and_o how_o speedy_o they_o spread_v and_o dilate_v themselves_o to_o all_o quarter_n by_o dress_v and_o due_a culture_n so_o as_o above_o forty_o year_n advance_v be_v to_o be_v gain_v by_o this_o only_a industry_n and_o if_o thus_o his_o majesty_n forest_n and_o chase_n be_v store_v viz._n with_o this_o spread_a tree_n at_o handsome_a interval_n by_o which_o graze_v may_v be_v improve_v for_o the_o feed_n of_o deer_n and_o cattle_n under_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o old_a saltus_n benign_o visit_v with_o the_o gleam_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o adorn_v with_o the_o distant_a landscape_n appear_v through_o the_o glade_n and_o frequent_a valley_n betwixt_o who_o row_n the_o azure_a sky_n be_v see_v immix_v with_o hillock_n vale_n and_o field_n as_o now_o we_o see_v distinguish_v in_o a_o sweet_a variety_n such_o place_n which_o wild_a appletree_n throughout_o adorni_n and_o happy_a shrub_n grow_v all_o about_o caerula_fw-la distingâ—ens_fw-la inter_fw-la plaga_fw-la currere_fw-la posset_n per_fw-la tumulos_fw-la &_o convalles_fw-la camposque_fw-la profusa_fw-la ut_fw-la nunc_fw-la esse_fw-la vides_fw-la vario_fw-la distincta_fw-la lepôre_fw-la omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la pomis_fw-la intersita_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la ornant_fw-la arbustisque_fw-la tenent_fw-la felicibus_fw-la obsita_fw-la circum_fw-la lucret._n l._n 5._o as_o the_o poet_n describe_v his_o olive-grove_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o ravish_v for_o so_o we_o may_v also_o sprinkle_v fruit-tree_n among_o they_o of_o which_o hereafter_o for_o cider_n and_o many_o singular_a use_n and_o shall_v find_v such_o goodly_a plantation_n the_o boast_n of_o our_o ranger_n and_o forest_n infinite_o preferable_a to_o any_o thing_n we_o have_v yet_o behold_v rude_a and_o neglect_v as_o they_o be_v i_o say_v when_o his_o majesty_n shall_v proceed_v as_o he_o have_v design_v to_o animate_v this_o laudable_a pride_n into_o fashion_n forest_n and_o wood_n as_o well_o as_o field_n and_o enclosure_n will_v present_v we_o with_o another_o face_n than_o now_o they_o do_v and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o applaud_v the_o worthy_a industry_n of_o old_a sir_n harbotle_n grimstone_n who_o i_o be_o tell_v from_o a_o very_a small_a nursery_n of_o acorn_n which_o he_o sow_v in_o the_o neglect_a corner_n of_o his_o ground_n do_v draw_v forth_o such_o number_n of_o oak_n of_o competent_a growth_n as_o be_v plant_v about_o his_o field_n in_o even_o and_o uniform_a row_n about_o one_o hundred_o foot_n from_o the_o hedge_n bush_v and_o well_o water_v till_o they_o have_v sufficient_o fix_v themselves_o do_v wonderful_o improve_v both_o the_o beauty_n and_o the_o value_n of_o his_o demesne_n but_o i_o proceed_v 4._o both_o these_o kind_n will_v be_v take_v up_o very_o young_a and_o transplant_v about_o october_n some_o yet_o for_o these_o hardy_a and_o late_o spring_a tree_n defer_v it_o till_o the_o winter_n be_v well_o over_o but_o the_o earth_n have_v need_n be_v moist_a and_o though_o they_o will_v grow_v tolerable_o in_o most_o ground_n yet_o do_v they_o general_o affect_v the_o sound_n black_a deep_a and_o fast_o mould_n rather_o warm_a than_o over_o wet_a and_o cold_a and_o a_o little_a rise_n for_o this_o produce_v the_o firm_a timber_n though_o my_o l._n bacon_n prefer_v that_o which_o grow_v in_o the_o moist_a ground_n for_o ship_n timber_n as_o the_o most_o tough_a and_o less_o subject_a to_o rift_v but_o let_v we_o hear_v pliny_n this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n say_v he_o what_o tree_n soever_o they_o be_v which_o grow_v tolerable_o either_o on_o hill_n or_o valley_n arise_v to_o great_a stature_n and_o spread_v more_o ample_o in_o the_o low_a ground_n but_o the_o timber_n be_v far_o better_a and_o of_o a_o fine_a grain_n which_o grow_v upon_o the_o mountain_n except_v only_a apple_n and_o pear_n tree_n and_o in_o the_o 39_o cap._n lib._n 16._o the_o timber_n of_o those_o tree_n which_o grow_v in_o moist_a and_o shady_a place_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o come_v from_o a_o more_o expose_v situation_n nor_o be_v it_o so_o close_o substantial_a and_o durable_a upon_o which_o he_o much_o prefer_v the_o timber_n grow_v in_o tuscany_n before_o that_o towards_o the_o venetian_a side_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gulf_n and_o that_o timber_n so_o grow_v be_v in_o great_a esteem_n long_o before_o pliny_n we_o have_v the_o spear_n of_o agamemnon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o a_o tree_n so_o expose_v and_o dydimus_n give_v the_o reason_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n for_o that_o be_v continual_o weather-beaten_a they_o become_v hardy_a and_o tough_a the_o result_n of_o all_o be_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o special_a timber_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o considerable_a difference_n so_o as_o some_o oaken_a timber_n prove_v manifest_o weak_a more_o spongy_a and_o soon_o decay_v than_o other_o the_o like_a may_v be_v affirm_v of_o ash_n and_o other_o kind_n and_o general_o speak_v the_o close-grained_a be_v the_o stout_a and_o most_o permanent_a but_o of_o this_o let_v the_o industrious_a consult_v that_o whole_a ten_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o vitruvius_n where_o he_o express_o treat_v of_o this_o argument_n de_fw-fr abiete_n supernate_a &_o infernate_a cum_fw-la apennini_n descriptione_n where_o we_o note_v concern_v oak_n that_o it_o neither_o prosper_v in_o very_o hot_a nor_o excessive_a cold_a country_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v little_a good_a of_o it_o to_o be_v find_v in_o africa_n or_o indeed_o the_o low_a and_o most_o southern_a part_n of_o italy_n for_o the_o venetian_n have_v excellent_a timber_n nor_o in_o denmark_n or_o norway_n comparable_a to_o we_o it_o chief_o affect_v a_o temperate_a climate_n and_o where_o they_o grow_v natural_o in_o abundance_n it_o be_v a_o promise_a mark_n of_o it_o if_o i_o be_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o tree_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o best_a cow-pasture_n or_o upland_n meadow_n where_o the_o mould_n be_v rich_a and_o sweet_a suffolk_n afford_v a_o admirable_a instance_n and_o in_o such_o place_n you_o may_v also_o transplant_v large_a tree_n with_o extraordinary_a success_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o bore_v and_o search_v the_o ground_n where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v or_o sow_v before_o you_o fall_v to_o work_v since_o earth_n too_o shallow_a or_o rocky_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a for_o this_o timber_n the_o root_n fix_v not_o kind_o and_o though_o for_o a_o time_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o flourish_v yet_o they_o will_v dwindle_v 5._o but_o to_o discourage_v none_o oak_n prosper_v exceed_o even_o in_o gravel_n and_o moist_a clay_n which_o most_o other_o tree_n abhor_v yea_o even_o the_o cold_a clay_n ground_n that_o will_v hardly_o graze_v but_o these_o tree_n will_v frequent_o make_v stand_v as_o they_o encounter_v variety_n of_o footing_n and_o sometime_o proceed_v again_o vigorous_o as_o they_o either_o penetrate_v beyond_o or_o outgrow_a their_o obstruction_n and_o meet_v better_a earth_n which_o be_v of_o that_o consequence_n that_o i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o year_n advance_v be_v clear_o gain_v by_o soil_n and_o husbandry_n i_o have_v yet_o read_v that_o there_o grow_v oak_n some_o of_o which_o have_v contain_v ten_o load_n apiece_o out_o of_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o silcester_n in_o hantshire_n which_o seem_v to_o strike_v root_n in_o the_o very_a stone_n and_o even_o in_o our_o renown_v forest_n of_o dean_n itself_o some_o goodly_a oak_n have_v be_v note_v to_o grow_v upon_o ground_n which_o have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o rock_n of_o ancient_a cinder_n bury_v there_o many_o age_n since_o it_o be_v indeed_o observe_v that_o oak_n
grating_n of_o old_a and_o hard_a nut_n first_o peel_v into_o their_o tart_n and_o other_o meat_n for_o the_o oil_n one_o bushel_n of_o nut_n will_v yield_v fifteen_o pound_n of_o peel_v and_o clear_a kernel_n and_o that_o half_a as_o much_o oil_n which_o the_o soon_o be_v draw_v be_v the_o more_o in_o quantity_n though_o the_o dryer_n the_o nut_n the_o better_a in_o quality_n the_o lees_n or_o marc_n of_o the_o press_v be_v excellent_a to_o fatten_v hog_n with_o after_o the_o nut_n be_v beat_v down_o the_o leaf_n will_v be_v swepe_v into_o heap_n and_o carry_v away_o because_o their_o extreme_a bitterness_n impair_v the_o ground_n and_o as_o i_o be_o assure_v prejudices_fw-la the_o tree_n the_o green_a husk_n boil_a make_v a_o good_a colour_n to_o die_v a_o dark_a yellow_a without_o any_o mixture_n and_o the_o distillation_n of_o its_o leaf_n with_o honey_n and_o urine_n make_v hair_n spring_n in_o bald-head_n beside_o its_o use_n in_o the_o famous_a salernitan_a antidote_n if_o the_o kernel_n a_o little_a masticated_a be_v apply_v to_o the_o bite_n of_o a_o suspect_a mad-dog_n and_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v three_o hour_n be_v cast_v to_o poultry_n they_o will_v die_v if_o they_o eat_v of_o it_o in_o italy_n when_o a_o country_n man_n find_v any_o pain_n in_o his_o side_n he_o drink_v a_o pint_n of_o the_o fresh_a oil_n of_o this_o nut_n and_o find_v immediate_a ease_n the_o kernel_n be_v rub_v upon_o any_o crack_n or_o chink_n of_o a_o leak_a or_o crazy_a vessel_n stop_v it_o better_o than_o either_o clay_n pitch_n or_o wax_n in_o france_n they_o eat_v they_o blanch_v and_o fresh_a with_o wine_n and_o salt_n have_v first_o cut_v they_o out_o of_o the_o shell_n before_o they_o be_v harden_v with_o a_o short_a broad_a brasse-knife_n because_o iron_n rust_v and_o these_o they_o call_v cernois_n from_o their_o manner_n of_o scoop_v they_o out_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o mulberry_n 1._o morus_n the_o mulberry_n mulberry_n it_o may_v possible_o be_v wonder_v by_o some_o 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to_o cold_a then_o over_o hot_a for_o in_o place_n which_o be_v too_o dry_a they_o never_o bear_v kind_o the_o torminalis_fw-la be_v the_o kind_n most_o frequent_a with_o we_o for_o those_o of_o the_o narrow_a and_o less_o indent_a leaf_n be_v not_o so_o common_a in_o england_n as_o in_o france_n bear_v a_o sort_n of_o berry_n of_o the_o pear_n shape_n and_o be_v there_o call_v the_o cormier_n this_o tree_n may_v be_v graff_v either_o with_o itself_o or_o on_o the_o white-thorn_n and_o quince_n 2._o the_o timber_n be_v useful_a for_o the_o joiner_n for_o the_o engraver_n of_o woodcuts_n bow_n pulley_n skrew_n mill-spindles_n and_o other_o goad_n to_o drive_v ox_n with_o etc._n etc._n pistol_z and_o gun-stock_n and_o for_o most_o that_o the_o wild-pear-tree_n serve_v and_o be_v of_o a_o very_a delicate_a grain_n for_o the_o turner_n and_o divers_a curiosity_n and_o look_v delicate_o and_o be_v almost_o everlasting_a be_v rub_v over_o with_o oil_n of_o linseed_n well_o boil_v and_o may_v 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green_a wound_n heal_v it_o and_o the_o powder_n thereof_o drink_v in_o oil_n olive_n consolidate_n inward_a rupture_n last_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o wood_n take_v in_o decoction_n of_o althaea_n to_o three_o grain_n be_v a_o incomparable_a remedy_n to_o break_v and_o expel_v gravel_n the_o service_n give_v the_o husbandman_n a_o early_a presage_n of_o the_o approach_a spring_n by_o extend_v his_o adorn_a bud_n for_o a_o peculiar_a entertainment_n and_o dare_v peep_v out_o in_o the_o severe_a winter_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o maple_n 1._o maple_n the_o maple_n acer_fw-la minus_fw-la of_o which_o author_n see_v salmasius_n upon_o solinus_n c._n 33._o reckon_v very_o many_o kind_n be_v of_o old_a hold_v in_o equal_a estimation_n almost_o with_o the_o citron_n especial_o the_o bruseum_fw-la the_o french-maple_n and_o the_o peacocks-tail_n maple_n which_o be_v
that_o some_o tree_n afford_v a_o much_o more_o generous_a wine_n than_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o coco_n and_o palmeto_n tree_n they_o chap_v a_o bough_n as_o we_o do_v the_o betula_n but_o in_o the_o date_n make_v the_o incision_n with_o a_o chisel_n in_o the_o body_n very_o neat_o in_o which_o they_o stitch_v a_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o a_o lingula_fw-la to_o direct_v it_o into_o the_o appendent_a vessel_n which_o the_o subjoined_a figure_n represent_v and_o illustrate_v with_o its_o improvement_n to_o our_o former_a discourse_n note_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fit_a arm_n the_o hole_n thus_o oblique_o perforate_v and_o a_o faucet_n or_o pipe_n insert_v will_v lead_v the_o sap_n into_o the_o recipient_a a._n b._n the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n g._n bore_v at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o arm_n f._n join_v to_o the_o stem_n with_o a_o augre_v of_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o diameter_n according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o tree_n c._n a_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n bend_v down_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bottle_n e._n to_o conduct_v the_o liquor_n into_o it_o d._n the_o string_n about_o the_o arm_n f._n by_o which_o the_o bottle_n hang_v 8._o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o birch_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v all_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n without_o the_o danger_n of_o its_o acrimony_n most_o powerful_a for_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n helmont_n show_v how_o to_o make_v a_o beer_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v a_o most_o rich_a cordial_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n or_o reins_o this_o wine_n exquisite_o make_v be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n as_o it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n 9_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o stir_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winy_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spiritous_a drink_n which_o beside_o the_o former_a virtue_n be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n and_o do_v wonder_n for_o cure_v of_o the_o ptisick_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n in_o stead_n of_o honey_n lbj_fw-la to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raisin-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v 10._o but_o beside_o these_o beech_n alder_n ash_n elder_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v attempt_v for_o liquor_n thus_o crab_n and_o even_o our_o very_a bramble_n may_v possible_o yield_v we_o medical_a and_o useful_a wine_n the_o poplar_n be_v heretofore_o esteem_v more_o physical_a than_o the_o betula_n the_o sap_n of_o the_o oak_n juice_n or_o decoction_n of_o the_o inner_a bark_n cure_v the_o fashion_n or_o farcy_n a_o virulent_a and_o dangerous_a infirmity_n in_o horse_n and_o which_o like_o cancer_n be_v repute_v incurable_a by_o any_o other_o topic_n than_o some_o actual_a or_o potential_a cautery_n but_o what_o be_v more_o noble_a a_o dear_a friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o that_o a_o country_n neighbour_n of_o his_o at_o least_o fourscore_o year_n of_o age_n who_o have_v lie_v sick_a of_o a_o bloody_a strangury_n which_o by_o cruel_a torment_n reduce_v he_o to_o the_o very_a article_n of_o death_n be_v under_o god_n recover_v to_o perfect_a and_o almost_o miraculous_a health_n and_o strength_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o fall_v stout_o to_o his_o labour_n by_o one_o sole_a draught_n of_o beer_n wherein_o be_v the_o decoction_n of_o the_o internal_a bark_n of_o the_o oak-tree_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o composition_n of_o a_o admirable_a sudorific_a and_o diuretic_n for_o all_o affection_n of_o the_o liver_n out_o of_o the_o like_a of_o the_o elm_n which_o may_v yet_o be_v drink_v daily_o as_o our_o cophee_n be_v and_o with_o no_o less_o delight_n but_o quack_a be_v not_o my_o trade_n i_o speak_v only_o here_o as_o a_o plain_a husband_n man_n and_o a_o simple_a forester_n out_o of_o the_o limit_n whereof_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o unpardonable_o transgress_v pan_n be_v a_o physician_n and_o he_o you_o know_v be_v precedent_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o hazel_n hasel_n 1._o nvx_n sylvestris_n or_o corylus_fw-la the_o hazel_n be_v best_a raise_v from_o the_o nut_n which_o you_o shall_v sow_v like_o mast_n in_o a_o pretty_a deep_a furrow_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o february_n light_a ground_n may_v immediate_o be_v sow_v and_o harrow_v in_o very_o accurate_o but_o in_o case_n the_o mould_n be_v clay_n plough_n it_o early_o and_o let_v it_o be_v sufficient_o mellow_v with_o the_o frost_n and_o then_o the_o three_o year_n cut_v your_o tree_n near_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o sharp_a bill_n the_o moon_n decrease_v 2._o but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o grove_n for_o pleasure_n plant_v they_o in_o foss_n at_o a_o yard_n distance_n and_o cut_v they_o within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o earth_n dress_v they_o for_o three_o or_o four_o spring_n and_o autumn_n by_o only_o loosen_v the_o mould_n a_o little_a about_o their_o root_n other_o there_o be_v who_o set_v the_o nut_n by_o hand_n at_o one_o foot_n distance_n to_o be_v transplant_v the_o three_o year_n at_o a_o yard_n asunder_o but_o this_o work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o nut_n fall_v till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v because_o they_o be_v exceed_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o frost_n nor_o will_v they_o sprout_v till_o the_o spring_n beside_o vermine_n be_v great_a devourer_n of_o they_o preserve_v they_o therefore_o moist_a not_o mouldy_a by_o lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leaf_n or_o in_o sand_n till_o january_n hasel_n from_o set_v and_o sucker_n take_v plantis_fw-la &_o durae_fw-la coryli_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la georg_n 2._o 3._o from_o whence_o they_o thrive_v very_o well_o the_o shoot_v be_v of_o the_o scantling_n of_o small_a wand_n and_o switch_n or_o somewhat_o big_a and_o such_o as_o have_v draw_v divers_a hairy_a twigg_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v disbranched_a no_o more_o than_o their_o root_n unless_o by_o a_o very_a spare_v and_o discreet_a hand_n thus_o your_o coryletum_n or_o copse_n of_o hasel_n be_v plant_v about_o autumn_n may_v as_o some_o practise_v it_o be_v cut_v within_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o spring_n follow_v which_o the_o new_a cyon_n will_v sudden_o repair_v in_o cluster_n and_o tuft_n of_o fair_a pole_n of_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o thirty_o foot_n long_o but_o i_o rather_o shall_v spare_v they_o till_o two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v take_v strong_a hold_n and_o may_v be_v cut_v close_o to_o the_o very_a earth_n the_o improsperous_a and_o feeble_a one_o especial_o thus_o be_v likewise_o filbert_n to_o be_v treat_v both_o of_o they_o improve_v much_o by_o transplant_n but_o chief_o by_o graft_n and_o it_o will_v be_v try_v with_o filbert_n and_o even_o with_o almond_n themselves_o for_o more_o elegant_a experiment_n 4._o for_o the_o place_n they_o above_o all_o affect_v cold_a barren_a dry_a and_o sandy_a ground_n also_o mountain_n and_o even_o rocky_a soil_n produce_v they_o but_o more_o plentiful_o if_o somewhat_o moist_a dankish_a and_o mossy_a as_o in_o the_o fresh_a bottom_n and_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o in_o hedge-rowe_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v for_o coppse_n may_v after_o twelve_o year_n be_v fell_v the_o first_o time_n the_o next_o at_o seven_o or_o eight_o etc._n etc._n for_o by_o this_o period_n their_o root_n will_v be_v complete_o vigorous_a you_o may_v plant_v they_o from_o october_n to_o january_n provide_v you_o keep_v they_o careful_o weed_v till_o they_o have_v take_v fast_o hold_v 5._o the_o use_n of_o the_o hazel_n be_v for_o pole_n spars_n hoop_n fork_n angle_a rod_n faggot_n
for_o which_o celerity_n we_o may_v recommend_v they_o to_o such_o late_a builder_n as_o seat_v their_o house_n in_o naked_a and_o unsheltered_a place_n and_o that_o will_v put_v a_o guise_n of_o antiquity_n upon_o any_o new_a enclosure_n since_o by_o these_o while_o a_o man_n be_v in_o a_o voyage_n of_o no_o long_a continuance_n his_o house_n and_o land_n may_v be_v so_o cover_v as_o to_o be_v hardly_o know_v at_o his_o return_n but_o as_o they_o thus_o increase_v in_o bulk_n their_o value_n as_o the_o italian_a poplar_n have_v teach_v we_o advance_v likewise_o which_o after_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n be_v annual_o worth_a twelve_o penny_n more_o so_o as_o the_o dutch_a look_n upon_o a_o plantation_n of_o these_o tree_n as_o a_o ample_a portion_n for_o a_o daughter_n and_o none_o of_o the_o least_o effect_n of_o their_o good_a husbandry_n which_o true_o may_v very_o well_o be_v allow_v if_o that_o calculation_n hold_v which_o the_o knight_n have_v assert_v who_o begin_v his_o plantation_n not_o long_o since_o about_o richmond_n that_o 30_o lib._n be_v lay_v out_o in_o these_o plant_n will_v render_v at_o the_o least_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n in_o eighteen_o year_n every_o tree_n afford_v thirty_o plant_n and_o every_o of_o they_o thirty_o more_o after_o each_o seven_o year_n improve_n twelve_o penny_n in_o growth_n till_o they_o arrive_v to_o their_o acme_n 7._o the_o black_a poplar_n grow_v rare_o with_o we_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a and_o tall_a tree_n than_o the_o white_a the_o leave_v more_o dark_a and_o not_o so_o ample_a divers_a stately_a one_o of_o these_o i_o remember_v about_o the_o bank_n of_o po_n in_o italy_n which_o river_n be_v the_o old_a eridanus_n so_o celebrate_v by_o the_o poet_n in_o which_o the_o temerarious_a phaeton_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v precipitate_v doubtless_o give_v argument_n to_o that_o fiction_n of_o his_o sad_a sister_n metamorphosis_n into_o these_o tree_n but_o for_o the_o amber_n of_o their_o precious_a tear_n i_o can_v hear_v of_o no_o such_o matter_n while_o pass_v down_o that_o river_n towards_o ferrara_n i_o divert_v myself_o with_o this_o story_n of_o the_o ingenious_a poet._n i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v a_o mountain_n poplar_n much_o propagate_v in_o germany_n about_o vienna_n and_o in_o bohemia_n of_o which_o some_o tree_n have_v yield_v plank_n of_o a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n 8._o the_o best_a use_n of_o the_o poplar_n and_o abele_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o hospitable_a tree_n for_o any_o thing_n thrive_v under_o their_o shade_n be_v for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n about_o ground_n which_o be_v situate_v low_a and_o near_o the_o water_n till_o come_v to_o be_v very_o old_a they_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v knurry_n and_o out_o of_o proportion_n the_o timber_n be_v incomparable_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o white_a wooden_a vessel_n as_o tray_n bowl_n and_o other_o turner_n ware_n and_o of_o especial_a use_n for_o the_o bellows-maker_n because_o it_o be_v almost_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cork_n though_o not_o very_o solid_a yet_o very_o close_o also_o for_o wooden_a heel_n etc._n etc._n vitruvius_n l._n 2._o de_fw-la materia_fw-la caedenda_fw-la reckon_v it_o among_o the_o building_n timber_n quae_fw-la maximè_fw-la in_o aedificiis_fw-la sunt_fw-la idoneae_fw-la likewise_o to_o make_v cart_n because_o it_o be_v exceed_o light_a for_o vine_n and_o hop-prop_n and_o divers_a viminious_a work_n the_o lopping_n in_o january_n be_v for_o the_o fire_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o have_v proper_a ground_n may_v with_o ease_n and_o in_o short_a time_n store_n themselves_o for_o a_o considerable_a family_n where_o fuel_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o burn_v untoward_o and_o rather_o moulder_n away_o than_o maintain_v any_o solid_a heat_n of_o the_o twig_n with_o the_o leaf_n on_o be_v make_v broom_n the_o brya_fw-la or_o catkin_n attract_v the_o bee_n as_o do_v also_o the_o leaf_n especial_o of_o the_o black_a more_o tenacious_a of_o the_o melâ—dews_n then_o most_o other_o forest-tree_n the_o oak_n except_v of_o the_o aspen_n our_o woodman_n make_v hoop_n firewood_n and_o coal_n etc._n etc._n the_o juice_n of_o poplar_n leave_v drop_v into_o the_o ear_n assuage_n the_o pain_n and_o the_o bud_n contuse_v and_o mix_v with_o honey_n be_v a_o good_a collyrium_n for_o the_o eye_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o alder._n 1._o alnus_fw-la alder._n the_o alder_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o faithful_a lover_n of_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n and_o those_o most_o despise_v weep_v part_n or_o water-gall_n of_o forest_n crassisque_fw-la paludibus_fw-la alni_fw-la they_o be_v propagate_v of_o truncheon_n and_o will_v come_v of_o seed_n for_o so_o they_o raise_v they_o in_o flanders_n and_o make_v wonderful_a profit_n of_o the_o plantation_n like_o the_o poplar_n or_o of_o root_n which_o i_o prefer_v be_v set_v as_o big_a as_o the_o small_a of_o one_o leg_n and_o in_o length_n about_o two_o foot_n whereof_o one_o will_v be_v plunge_v in_o the_o mud_n this_o profound_a fix_v of_o aquatic_a tree_n be_v to_o preserve_v they_o steady_a and_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o violence_n of_o water_n in_o their_o liquid_a and_o slippery_a foundation_n they_o may_v be_v place_v at_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n distance_n and_o when_o they_o have_v strike_v root_n you_o may_v cut_v they_o which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o spring_v in_o clump_n and_o to_o shoot_v out_o into_o many_o useful_a pole_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v small_a set_v cut_v they_o not_o till_o they_o be_v arrive_v to_o some_o competent_a bigness_n and_o that_o in_o a_o proper_a season_n which_o be_v for_o all_o the_o aquatics_n not_o till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o pithy_a substance_n therefore_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o before_o that_o period_n aught_o to_o be_v well-grown_a and_o fall_v with_o the_o early_a and_o in_o the_o first_o quarter_n of_o the_o increase_a moon_n that_o so_o the_o successive_a shoot_n receive_v no_o prejudice_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o way_n of_o plant_v alder_n after_o the_o jersey_n manner_n and_o as_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o a_o most_o ingenious_a gentleman_n of_o that_o country_n which_o be_v by_o take_v truncheon_n of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n long_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o to_o bind_v they_o in_o faggot_n and_o place_v the_o end_n of_o they_o in_o water_n till_o towards_o the_o spring_n by_o which_o season_n they_o will_v have_v contract_v a_o swell_a spire_n or_o knurr_n about_o that_o part_n which_o be_v set_v do_v like_o the_o gennet-moil_n apple_n never_o fail_v of_o grow_v and_o strike_v root_n there_o be_v a_o black_a sort_n more_o affect_v to_o wood_n and_o dry_a ground_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o husband_n who_o take_v excessive_a pain_n in_o stub_v up_o their_o alder_n where_o ever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o boggy_a place_n of_o their_o ground_n with_o the_o same_o indignation_n as_o one_o will_v exstirpate_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o weed_n and_o when_o they_o have_v finish_v know_v not_o how_o to_o convert_v their_o best_a land_n to_o more_o profit_n than_o this_o â—eeming_v despicable_a plant_n may_v lead_v they_o to_o be_v it_o right_o understand_v beside_o the_o shadow_n of_o this_o tree_n do_v feed_v and_o nourish_v the_o very_a grass_n which_o grow_v under_o it_o and_o be_v set_v and_o well_o plash_v be_v a_o excellent_a defence_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o river_n so_o as_o i_o wonder_v it_o be_v not_o more_o practise_v about_o the_o thames_n to_o fortify_v and_o prevent_v the_o moulder_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o violent_a weather_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o 3._o you_o may_v cut_v aquatic-tree_n every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o some_o more_o frequent_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o they_o shall_v also_o be_v abate_v within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o principal_a head_n to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o the_o main_a stock_n and_o beside_o to_o accelerate_v their_o sprout_v in_o set_v the_o truncheon_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o prepare_v they_o a_o little_a after_o they_o be_v fit_v to_o the_o size_n by_o lay_v they_o a_o while_n in_o water_n this_o be_v also_o practicable_a in_o willow_n etc._n etc._n 4._o of_o old_a they_o make_v boat_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o except_v noah_n ark_n the_o first_o vessel_n we_o read_v of_o be_v make_v of_o this_o wood._n when_o hollow_a alder_n first_o the_o water_n try_v tunc_fw-la alnos_fw-la primum_fw-la fluvii_fw-la sensêre_fw-la cavatas_fw-la georg._n 1._o and_o down_o the_o rapid_a po_n light_a aldar_n glide_v nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o torrentem_fw-la undam_fw-la levis_fw-la innatat_fw-la alnus_fw-la missa_fw-la pado_n 2._o and_o as_o then_o so_o now_o be_v overgrow_v alder_n frequent_o seek_v after_o for_o such_o
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this_o nature_n so_o as_o we_o frequent_o dig_v up_o and_o disturb_v the_o bed_n where_o they_o have_v be_v sow_v in_o despair_n before_o they_o have_v go_v their_o full_a time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o very_a popular_a mistake_n in_o other_o seed_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o holly_n concern_v which_o there_o go_v a_o tradition_n that_o they_o will_v not_o sprout_v till_o they_o be_v pass_v through_o the_o maw_n of_o a_o thrush_n whence_o the_o say_n turdus_n exitium_fw-la suum_fw-la cacat_fw-la allude_v to_o the_o viscus_fw-la make_v thereof_o not_o the_o missleto_fw-it of_o oak_n but_o this_o be_v a_o error_n as_o i_o be_o able_a to_o testify_v on_o experience_n they_o come_v up_o very_o well_o of_o the_o berry_n and_o with_o patience_n for_o as_o i_o affirm_v they_o will_v sleep_v sometime_o two_o entire_a year_n in_o their_o grave_n as_o will_n also_o the_o seed_n of_o yew_n sloe_n phillyrea_n angustifolia_fw-la and_o sundry_a other_o who_o shell_n be_v very_o 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reprove_v it_o but_o great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v
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etc._n etc._n fir._n be_v all_o of_o they_o easy_o raise_v of_o the_o kernel_n and_o nut_n which_o may_v be_v get_v out_o of_o their_o cones_n and_o clog_n by_o expose_v they_o a_o little_a before_o the_o fire_n or_o in_o warm_a water_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o gape_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o deliver_v themselves_o of_o their_o numerous_a burden_n 2._o there_o be_v of_o the_o fir_n two_o principal_a species_n the_o male_n which_o be_v the_o big_a tree_n most_o beautiful_a and_o taper_a and_o of_o a_o hard_a wood_n the_o female_a which_o be_v much_o the_o soft_a and_o white_a though_o whiteness_n be_v not_o the_o best_a character_n that_o which_o know_v workman_n call_v the_o dram_n and_o that_o come_v to_o we_o from_o bergen_n swinsound_a moss_n longlound_n dranton_n etc._n etc._n long_o straight_o clear_a and_o of_o a_o yellow_a more_o cedrie_n colour_n be_v esteem_v much_o before_o the_o white_a for_o floore_v and_o wainscot_n for_o mast_n etc._n etc._n those_o of_o prusia_n which_o 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the_o utmost_a part_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o former_a sort_n we_o may_v add_v the_o esterund_n fir_n tonsberry_n fredrick-stad_a hellerone_n holmstrand_n landifer_n stavenger_n lawrwat_n etc._n etc._n they_o may_v be_v sow_v in_o bed_n or_o case_n at_o any_o time_n during_o march_n and_o when_o they_o peep_v careful_o defend_v with_o furze_n or_o the_o like_a fence_n from_o the_o rapacious_a bird_n which_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o pull_v they_o up_o by_o take_v hold_n of_o that_o little_a infecund_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n which_o they_o common_o bear_v upon_o their_o top_n the_o bed_n wherein_o you_o sow_v they_o have_v need_n be_v shelter_v from_o the_o southern_a aspect_n with_o some_o screen_n of_o reed_n or_o thick_a hedge_n sow_v they_o in_o shallow_a rill_n not_o above_o half-inch-deep_a and_o cover_v they_o with_o fine_a light_a mould_n be_v rise_v a_o finger_n in_o height_n establish_v their_o weak_a stalk_n by_o sieft_v some_o more_o earth_n about_o they_o especial_o the_o pine_n which_o be_v more_o top-heavy_a be_v more_o apt_a to_o swag_v when_o they_o be_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v transplant_v they_o where_o you_o please_v and_o when_o they_o have_v get_v good_a root_n they_o will_v make_v prodigious_a shoot_n but_o not_o for_o the_o three_o or_o four_o first_o year_n comparative_o they_o will_v grow_v both_o in_o moist_a or_o barren_a gravel_n and_o poor_a ground_n so_o it_o be_v not_o over_o sandy_a and_o light_a but_o before_o sow_v i_o mean_v here_o for_o large_a design_n turn_v it_o up_o a_o foot_n deep_a sow_v or_o set_v your_o seed_n a_o hand_n distance_n and_o riddle_n earth_n upon_o they_o in_o five_o or_o six_o week_n they_o will_v peep_v when_o you_o transplant_v water_n they_o well_o before_o and_o cut_v the_o clod_n out_o about_o the_o root_n as_o you_o do_v melon_n out_o of_o the_o hot-bed_n which_o knead_v close_o to_o they_o like_o a_o egg_n thus_o they_o may_v be_v send_v safe_o many_o mile_n but_o the_o top_n must_v neither_o be_v bruise_v much_o less_o cut_v which_o will_v dwarf_n it_o for_o ever_o 3._o the_o best_a time_n to_o transplant_v be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n they_o will_v thrive_v main_o in_o a_o stiff_a hungry_a clay_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n in_o over_o light_n or_o rich_a soil_n fill_v the_o hole_n therefore_o with_o such_o barren_a earth_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v improper_a of_o itself_o and_o if_o the_o clay_n be_v too_o stiff_a and_o untractable_a with_o a_o little_a sand_n remove_v with_o as_o much_o earth_n about_o the_o root_n as_o be_v possible_a though_o the_o fir_n will_v better_o endure_v a_o naked_a transplantation_n than_o the_o pine_n you_o may_v likewise_o sow_v in_o such_o earth_n about_o february_n they_o will_v make_v a_o shoot_v the_o very_a first_o year_n of_o a_o inch_n next_o a_o handful_n the_o three_o year_n three_o foot_n and_o thence_o forward_o above_o a_o yard_n annual_o a_o northern_a gentleman_n who_o have_v oblige_v i_o with_o this_o process_n upon_o his_o great_a experience_n assure_v i_o that_o there_o be_v tree_n plant_v in_o northumberland_n which_o be_v in_o few_o year_n grow_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o ship-mast_n and_o from_o all_o have_v be_v say_v deduce_v these_o encouragement_n 1._o the_o facility_n of_o their_o propagation_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o their_o growth_n which_o be_v to_o affect_v place_n where_o nothing_o else_o will_v thrive_v 3._o their_o uniformity_n and_o beauty_n 4._o their_o perpetual_a verdure_n 5._o their_o sweetness_n 6._o their_o fruitfulness_n afford_v seed_n gum_n fuel_n and_o timber_n of_o all_o other_o wood_n the_o most_o useful_a and_o easy_a to_o work_v etc._n etc._n all_o which_o high_o recommend_v it_o as_o a_o excellent_a improvement_n of_o husbandry_n fit_a to_o be_v enjoin_v by_o some_o solemn_a edict_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o our_o island_n that_o we_o may_v have_v mast_n and_o those_o other_o material_n of_o our_o own_o growth_n 4._o the_o pine_n of_o which_o be_v reckon_v no_o less_o than_o ten_o several_a sort_n prefer_v the_o domestic_a or_o sative_a for_o the_o full_a growth_n be_v likewise_o of_o both_o sex_n whereof_o the_o male_a grow_n low_a have_v its_o wood_n more_o knotty_a and_o rude_a than_o the_o female_a they_o will_v be_v gather_v in_o june_n before_o they_o gape_v yet_o have_v hang_v two_o year_n for_o there_o will_v be_v always_o some_o ripe_a and_o some_o green_a on_o the_o same_o tree_n preserve_v they_o in_o their_o nut_n in_o sand_n as_o you_o treat_v acorn_n etc._n etc._n till_o the_o season_n invite_v and_o then_o set_v or_o sow_v they_o in_o ground_n which_o be_v cultivate_v like_o the_o fir_n in_o most_o respect_n only_o you_o may_v bury_v the_o nut_n a_o little_a deep_o by_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o they_o be_v roll_v in_o a_o fine_a compost_n make_v of_o sheeps-dung_n and_o scatter_v in_o february_n and_o this_o way_n never_o fail_v fir_n and_o pine_n they_o come_v to_o be_v above_o inch_n high_a by_o may_n and_o a_o spanish_a author_n tell_v we_o that_o macerate_v five_o day_n in_o a_o child_n urine_n and_o three_o day_n in_o water_n be_v of_o wonderful_a effect_n this_o be_v a_o expeditious_a process_n for_o great_a plantation_n unless_o you_o will_v rather_o set_v the_o pine_n as_o they_o do_v pease_n but_o at_o wide_a distance_n that_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n of_o removal_n they_o may_v be_v take_v up_o with_o earth_n and_o all_o i_o say_v take_v up_o and_o not_o remove_v by_o euulsion_n because_o they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o tree_n the_o most_o obnoxious_a to_o miscarry_v without_o this_o caution_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v much_o better_a where_o the_o nut_n may_v be_v commodious_o set_v and_o defend_v never_o to_o remove_v they_o at_o all_o it_o give_v this_o tree_n so_o considerable_a a_o check_n the_o safe_a course_n
put_v in_o be_v beginning_n to_o sink_v throw_v in_o more_o fuel_n and_o so_o from_o time_n to_o time_n till_o the_o coal_n have_v universal_o take_v fire_n up_o to_o the_o top_n then_o cut_v a_o ample_a and_o reasonable_a thick_a turf_n and_o clap_v it_o over_o the_o hole_n or_o mouth_n of_o the_o tunnel_n stop_v it_o as_o close_o as_o may_v be_v with_o some_o of_o the_o former_a dust_n and_o rubbish_n last_o with_o the_o handle_v of_o your_o raker_n or_o the_o like_a you_o must_v make_v vent-hole_n or_o register_n as_o our_o chemist_n will_v name_v they_o through_o the_o stuff_n which_o cover_v your_o heap_n to_o the_o very_a wood_n these_o in_o range_n of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n distance_n quite_o round_o within_o a_o foot_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o the_o top_n though_o some_o begin_v they_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o day_n after_o begin_v another_o row_n of_o hole_n a_o foot_n and_o half_a beneath_o the_o former_a and_o so_o more_o till_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o ground_n as_o occasion_n require_v note_v that_o as_o the_o pit_n do_v coal_n and_o sink_v towards_o the_o centre_n it_o be_v continual_o to_o be_v feed_v with_o short_a and_o fit_a wood_n that_o no_o part_n remain_v unfired_a and_o if_o it_o char_n fast_o at_o one_o part_n than_o at_o another_o there_o close_o up_o the_o vent-hole_n and_o open_v they_o where_o need_n be_v a_o pit_n will_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v burn_v off_o and_o chare_v five_o or_o six_o day_n and_o as_o it_o coal_n the_o smoke_n from_o thick_a and_o gross_a cloud_n will_v grow_v more_o blue_a and_o livid_n and_o the_o whole_a mass_n sink_v according_o so_o as_o by_o these_o indication_n you_o may_v the_o better_a know_v how_o to_o stop_v and_o govern_v your_o spiracle_n two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o will_v only_o require_v for_o cool_v which_o the_o vent_v be_v stop_v they_o assist_v by_o take_v now_o off_o the_o outward_a cover_n with_o a_o rabil_n or_o rubber_n but_o this_o not_o for_o above_o the_o space_n of_o one_o yaâ—d_a breadth_n at_o a_o time_n and_o first_o they_o remove_v the_o course_v and_o gross_a of_o it_o throw_v the_o fine_a over_o the_o heap_n again_o that_o so_o it_o may_v neither_o cool_v too_o hasty_o nor_o endanger_v the_o burn_a and_o reduce_v all_o to_o ash_n shall_v the_o whole_a pit_n be_v uncover_v and_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n at_o once_o therefore_o they_o open_v it_o thus_o round_o by_o degree_n when_o now_o by_o all_o the_o former_a symptom_n you_o judge_v it_o full_o chare_v you_o may_v begin_v to_o draw_v that_o be_v to_o take_v out_o the_o coal_n first_o around_o the_o bottom_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o coal_n rubbish_n and_o dust_n sink_v and_o fall_v in_o together_o may_v choke_v and_o extinguish_v the_o fire_n your_o coal_n sufficient_o cool_v with_o a_o very_a long-toothed_a rake_n and_o a_o vann_n you_o may_v load_v they_o into_o the_o coal-wains_n which_o be_v make_v close_o with_o board_n purposely_o to_o carry_v they_o to_o market_n of_o these_o coal_n the_o grosser_n sort_n be_v common_o reserve_v for_o the_o forge_n and_o iron-work_n the_o middling_a and_o smooth_a put_v up_o in_o sack_n and_o carry_v by_o the_o collier_n to_o london_n and_o the_o adjacent_a town_n those_o which_o be_v charge_v of_o the_o root_n if_o pick_v out_o be_v account_v best_o for_o chemical_a fire_n and_o where_o a_o last_a and_o extraordinary_a blast_n be_v require_v 30._o coal_n for_o the_o powder_n mill_n be_v make_v of_o alder-wood_n but_o limetree_n be_v much_o better_o have_v we_o it_o in_o that_o plenty_n as_o we_o easy_o may_v cut_v stack_v and_o set_v on_o the_o hearth_n like_o the_o former_a but_o first_o ought_v the_o wood_n to_o be_v whole_o disbark_v which_o work_n be_v to_o be_v do_v about_o midsummer_n before_o and_o be_v thorough_o dry_a it_o may_v be_v coal_v in_o the_o same_o method_n the_o heap_n or_o pit_n only_o somewhat_o small_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o seldom_o coal_n above_o five_o or_o six_o stack_n at_o a_o time_n lay_v it_o but_o two_o length_n of_o the_o wood_n one_o above_o the_o other_o in_o form_n somewhat_o flatter_v on_o the_o top_n than_o what_o we_o have_v describe_v likewise_o do_v they_o fling_v all_o their_o rubbish_n and_o dust_n on_o the_o top_n and_o begin_v not_o to_o cover_v at_o the_o bottom_n as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n in_o like_a sort_n when_o they_o have_v draw_v up_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o tunnel_n and_o stop_v it_o they_o begin_v to_o draw_v down_o their_o dust_n by_o degree_n round_o the_o heap_n and_o this_o proportionable_o as_o it_o fire_n till_o they_o come_v about_o to_o the_o bottom_n all_o which_o be_v dispatch_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o day_n one_o of_o these_o heap_n will_v char_n threescore_o sack_n of_o coal_n which_o may_v all_o be_v carry_v at_o one_o time_n in_o a_o wagon_n and_o some_o make_v the_o court-coal_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n last_o 31._o small-coal_n be_v make_v of_o the_o spray_n and_o brush-wood_n which_o be_v shrip_v off_o from_o the_o branch_n of_o copse-wood_n and_o which_o be_v sometime_o bind_v up_o into_o bavin_n for_o this_o use_n though_o also_o it_o be_v as_o frequent_o chare_v without_o bind_v and_o then_o they_o call_v it_o coom_v it_o together_o this_o they_o place_n in_o some_o near_a floor_n make_v level_a and_o free_v of_o encumbrance_n where_o set_v one_o of_o the_o bavin_n or_o part_n of_o the_o spray_n on_o fire_n two_o man_n stand_v ready_a to_o throw_v on_o bavin_n upon_o bavin_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v take_v fire_n which_o make_v a_o very_a great_a and_o sudden_a blaze_n till_o they_o have_v burn_v all_o that_o lie_v near_o the_o place_n to_o the_o number_n it_o may_v be_v of_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o bavin_n but_o ere_o they_o begin_v to_o set_v fire_n they_o fill_v great_a tub_n or_o vessel_n with_o water_n which_o stand_v ready_a by_o they_o and_o this_o they_o dash_v on_o with_o a_o great_a dish_n or_o scoup_fw-fr so_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o have_v throw_v on_o all_o their_o bavin_n continual_o ply_v the_o great_a heap_n of_o glow_a coal_n which_o give_v a_o sudden_a stop_n to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o fire_n while_o with_o a_o great_a rake_n they_o lay_v and_o spread_v it_o abroad_o and_o ply_v their_o cast_n of_o water_n still_o on_o the_o coal_n which_o be_v now_o perpetual_o turn_v by_o two_o man_n with_o great_a shovel_n a_o three_o throw_v on_o the_o water_n this_o they_o continue_v till_o no_o more_o fire_n appear_v though_o they_o cease_v not_o from_o be_v very_o hot_a after_o this_o they_o shovel_n they_o up_o into_o great_a heap_n and_o when_o they_o be_v thorough_o cold_a put_v they_o up_o in_o sack_n for_o london_n where_o they_o use_v they_o among_o divers_a artificer_n both_o to_o kindle_v great_a fire_n and_o to_o temper_n and_o aneal_a their_o several_a work_n 32._o the_o best_a season_n for_o the_o fetch_n home_o of_o other_o fuel_n be_v from_o june_n the_o way_n be_v then_o most_o dry_a and_o passable_a yet_o i_o know_v some_o good_a husband_n will_v begin_v rather_o in_o may_n because_o fallow_v and_o stir_v of_o ground_n for_o corn_n come_v in_o the_o ensue_a month_n and_o the_o day_n be_v long_o enough_o and_o swain_n have_v then_o least_o to_o do_v b_o the_o central_n pole_n or_o place_n of_o the_o tunnel_n with_o the_o area_n make_v ready_a a_o the_o wood_n place_v about_o it_o in_o triangle_n c_o the_o coal_n wood_n pile_v up_o before_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n d_o the_o coal-pit_n or_o pile_n fire_v 33._o and_o thus_o we_o have_v see_v how_o for_o house-boot_n and_o ship-boot_n plough_v boot_n hey-boot_n and_o fireboot_n the_o plant_v and_o propagation_n of_o timber_n and_o forest_n trees_n be_v requisite_a so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o for_o nothing_o that_o the_o very_a name_n which_o the_o greek_n general_o apply_v to_o timber_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o senechdoche_n be_v take_v always_o pro_fw-la materia_fw-la since_o we_o hardly_o find_v any_o thing_n in_o nature_n more_o universal_o useful_a or_o in_o comparison_n with_o it_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o material_a 34._o last_o to_o complete_a this_o chapter_n of_o the_o universal_a use_n of_o tree_n and_o the_o part_n of_o they_o something_o i_o can_v be_v tempt_v to_o say_v concern_v staff_n wand_n etc._n etc._n their_o antiquity_n use_v divine_a domestic_a civil_a and_o political_n the_o time_n of_o cut_v manner_n of_o season_v form_v and_o other_o curious_a particular_n how_o dry_a soever_o the_o subject_n may_v appear_v both_o of_o delight_n and_o profit_n but_o we_o reserve_v it_o for_o some_o more_o fit_a opportunity_n and_o perhaps_o it_o may_v merit_v a_o peculiar_a treatise_n as_o acceptable_a as_o it_o will_v prove_v divertisant_a instead_o
shall_v resolve_v to_o accomplish_v he_o will_v leave_v such_o a_o everlasting_a obligation_n on_o his_o people_n and_o raise_v such_o a_o monument_n to_o his_o fame_n as_o the_o age_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n to_o come_v shall_v have_v cause_n to_o celebrate_v his_o precious_a memory_n and_o his_o royal_a successor_n to_o emulate_v his_o virtue_n for_o thus_o beside_o the_o future_a expectation_n it_o will_v in_o present_a be_v no_o deduction_n from_o his_o majesty_n treasure_n but_o some_o increase_n and_o fall_v in_o time_n to_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o worthy_a accession_n to_o it_o while_o this_o kind_n of_o propriety_n will_v be_v the_o most_o likely_a expedient_a to_o civilize_v those_o wild_a and_o poor_a bordurer_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o vast_a and_o spread_a heart_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o with_o all_o this_o indulgence_n will_v be_v ample_a enough_o for_o a_o princely_a demesne_n and_o if_o the_o difficulty_n be_v to_o find_v out_o who_o know_v or_o acknowledge_v what_o be_v the_o bordure_n this_o article_n be_v worthy_a and_o become_v of_o as_o serious_a a_o inquisition_n as_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v contrive_v 5._o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v get_v the_o bordure_n well_o tenant_v by_o long_a term_n and_o easy_a rent_n and_o this_o will_v invite_v and_o encourage_v taker_n whilst_o the_o middle_a most_o secure_a and_o interior_a part_n will_v be_v a_o royal_a portion_n let_v his_o majesty_n therefore_o admit_v of_o any_o willing_a adventurer_n in_o this_o vast_a circle_n for_o such_o enclosure_n in_o the_o precinct_n and_o rather_o of_o more_o than_o of_o few_o though_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o shall_v join_v together_o for_o any_o enclosure_n of_o five_o hundred_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o that_o multitude_n be_v thus_o engage_v the_o consideration_n may_v procure_v and_o facilitate_v a_o full_a discovery_n of_o latter_a encroachment_n and_o fortify_v the_o recovery_n by_o favourable_a rent_n improvement_n and_o reversion_n by_o copyhold_n or_o what_o other_o tenor_n and_o service_n his_o majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o accept_v of_o 6._o now_o for_o the_o plant_v of_o wood_n in_o such_o place_n which_o be_v the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n the_o hill_n and_o rough_a ground_n will_v do_v well_o but_o they_o be_v the_o rich_a fat_a vale_n and_o flat_n which_o do_v best_a deserve_v the_o charge_n of_o wall_n such_o as_o that_o spot_n afford_v and_o the_o haw-thorn_n well_o plash_v single_a or_o double_a be_v a_o better_a and_o more_o natural_a fence_n than_o unmortered_a wall_n can_v our_o industry_n arrive_v to_o the_o make_n of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v beside_o they_o be_v last_v and_o profitable_a and_o than_o one_o may_v allow_v sufficient_a bordure_n for_o a_o mound_n of_o any_o thickness_n which_o may_v be_v the_o first_o charge_n and_o well_o support_v and_o reward_v by_o the_o culture_n of_o the_o land_n thus_o enclose_v 7._o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o man_n will_v take_v in_o 500_o acre_n of_o good_a land_n let_v the_o mound_n be_v of_o the_o wild_a ground_n as_o fit_a for_o wood_n two_o hedge_n with_o their_o vallation_n and_o trench_n will_v be_v requisite_a in_o all_o the_o round_a viz._n one_o next_o to_o the_o enclosure_n the_o other_o about_o the_o thicket_n to_o fence_v it_o from_o cattle_n this_o between_o the_o two_o hedge_n of_o whatsoever_o breadth_n be_v fit_a for_o plantation_n in_o these_o hedge_n may_v be_v try_v the_o plantation_n of_o stock_n in_o the_o interval_n all_o manner_n of_o wood-seed_n sow_v after_o competent_a plowing_n as_o acorn_n mast_n fir_n pine_n nut_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o year_n chase_v away_o the_o bird_n because_o of_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n seeds_n for_o reason_n give_v the_o second_o year_n loosen_v the_o ground_n and_o thin_a the_o supernumerary_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o most_o frugal_a way_n or_o by_o another_o method_n the_o waste_a place_n of_o forest_n and_o wood_n which_o by_o through_o experience_n be_v know_v and_o try_v may_v be_v perfect_o cleanse_v and_o then_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o plowing_n well_o root_v stock_n be_v set_v cut_v and_o trim_v as_o be_v requisite_a and_o that_o the_o timber-tree_n may_v be_v excellent_a those_o afterward_o copse_v and_o the_o choice_a stock_n keep_v shred_a if_o a_o enclosure_n be_v sow_v the_o seed_n may_v be_v as_o be_v direct_v of_o all_o the_o species_n not_o forget_v the_o best_a pine_n fir_n etc._n etc._n while_o the_o yearly_a removal_n of_o very_a encumbrance_n only_o will_v repay_v the_o workman_n who_o sell_v the_o quick_a or_o reserve_v it_o to_o store_v other_o enclosure_n and_o soften_v the_o circumjacent_a ground_n to_o the_o very_a great_a improvement_n of_o what_o remain_v 8._o and_o how_o if_o in_o such_o fencing-work_n we_o do_v sometime_o imitate_v what_o quintus_n curtius_n lib._n 6._o have_v record_v of_o the_o mardorum_fw-la gens_fw-la near_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o hyrcania_n who_o do_v by_o the_o close_o plant_v of_o tree_n alone_o upon_o the_o bordure_n give_v so_o strange_a a_o check_n to_o the_o power_n of_o that_o great_a conqueror_n alexander_n they_o be_v a_o barbarous_a people_n indeed_o but_o in_o this_o worthy_a our_o imitation_n and_o the_o work_n so_o handsome_o and_o particular_o describe_v that_o i_o shall_v not_o grieve_v to_o recite_v it_o arbores_n densae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la industria_fw-la consitae_fw-la quarum_fw-la teneros_fw-la adhuc_fw-la ramos_fw-la manu_fw-la flectunt_fw-la quos_fw-la intortos_fw-la rursus_fw-la inserunt_fw-la terrae_fw-la ind_n velut_fw-la ex_fw-la alia_fw-la radice_fw-la laetiores_fw-la virent_fw-la trunci_fw-la hos_fw-la qua_fw-la natura_fw-la fert_fw-la adolescere_fw-la non_fw-la sinunt_fw-la quip_n alium_fw-la alii_fw-la quasi_fw-la nexu_fw-la conserunt_fw-la qui_fw-la ubi_fw-la multa_fw-la frond_n vestiti_fw-la sunt_fw-la operiunt_fw-la terram_fw-la itaque_fw-la occulti_fw-la ramorum_fw-la velut_fw-la laquei_fw-la perpetuá_fw-la sepe_fw-la iter_fw-la claudunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o tree_n say_v he_o be_v plant_v so_o near_o and_o thick_a together_o of_o purpose_n that_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v yet_o young_a and_o flexible_a bend_v and_o wreathe_v within_o one_o another_o their_o top_n be_v bow_v into_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o submerge_n our_o layer_n whence_o take_v fresh_a root_n they_o shoot_v up_o new_a stem_n which_o not_o be_v permit_v to_o grow_v as_o of_o themselves_o they_o will_v have_v do_v they_o so_o knit_v and_o perplex_v one_o within_o another_o that_o when_o they_o be_v clad_v with_o leaf_n they_o even_o cover_v the_o ground_n and_o enclose_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o live_a net_n and_o impenetrable_a hedge_n as_o the_o historian_n continue_v the_o description_n and_o this_o be_v not_o unlike_o what_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o devon_n where_o the_o oak_n be_v plant_v very_o near_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o high_a mound_n by_o which_o they_o separate_v their_o land_n so_o root_n themselves_o into_o the_o bank_n that_o when_o it_o fail_v and_o crumble_v down_o the_o fence_n continue_v still_o maintain_v by_o they_o with_o exceed_a profit_n such_o work_n as_o these_o will_v become_v a_o cato_n or_o varro_z indeed_o one_o that_o be_v pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la non_fw-la sibi_fw-la soli_fw-la natus_fw-la bear_v for_o posterity_n but_o we_o be_v common_o of_o another_o mould_n &_o fruges_fw-la consumere_fw-la nati_fw-la 9_o a_o fair_a advance_v for_o speedy_a growth_n and_o noble_a tree_n especial_o for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n may_v be_v assure_o expect_v from_o the_o graft_n of_o young_a oak_n and_o elm_n with_o the_o best_a of_o their_o kind_n and_o where_o the_o goodly_a of_o these_o last_o be_v grow_v the_o ground_n will_v be_v plow_v and_o fine_o rake_v in_o the_o season_n when_o the_o scale_n fall_v that_o the_o shower_n and_o dew_n fasten_v the_o seed_n where_o the_o wind_n drive_v it_o it_o may_v take_v root_n and_o hasten_v as_o it_o will_v to_o a_o sudden_a tree_n especial_o if_o seasonable_a shread_n be_v apply_v which_o have_v sometime_o make_v they_o arrive_v to_o the_o height_n of_o twelve_o foot_n by_o the_o first_o three_o year_n after_o which_o they_o grow_v a_o main_a and_o if_o such_o be_v plant_v as_o near_o to_o one_o another_o as_o in_o the_o example_n we_o have_v allege_v it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o pale_v they_o will_v be_v to_o our_o most_o expose_v plantation_n mount_v up_o their_o wooden_a wall_n to_o the_o cloud_n and_o indeed_o the_o shelve_v and_o natural_a declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o to_o our_o unkind_a aspect_n and_o bleak_a wind_n do_v best_a direct_v to_o the_o thicken_a of_o these_o protection_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o that_o soon_o appear_v and_o recompense_v our_o industry_n in_o the_o smoothness_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o plantation_n so_o defend_v 10._o that_o great_a care_n be_v have_v of_o the_o
excellent_a musky_a pear_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o best_a orchard_n of_o france_n from_o a_o forest_n in_o bretainy_a where_o it_o grow_v wild_a and_o be_v but_o of_o late_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o now_o to_o the_o deep_a reason_n we_o late_o threaten_v we_o have_v by_o a_o experiment_n find_v some_o near_a affinity_n between_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o the_o heart_n or_o interior_a of_o the_o stock_n for_o i_o see_v say_v dr._n beale_n a_o old_a rot_a kernel-tree_n bear_v a_o delicate_a summer-fruit_n yield_v store_n of_o smooth_a cider_n it_o be_v call_v the_o french-kernel-tree_n and_o be_v also_o a_o dwarf_n as_o be_v the_o red-strake_a and_o examine_v divers_a kernel_n many_o year_n successive_o of_o that_o hollow_a and_o decay_a tree_n i_o find_v they_o always_o very_o small_a of_o growth_n and_o empty_a mere_a skin_n of_o kernel_n not_o unlike_a to_o the_o emasculate_v scrotum_fw-la of_o a_o eunuch_n another_o young_a tree_n issue_v from_o the_o sound_a part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o the_o same_o old_a tree_n have_v full_a and_o entire_a kernel_n and_o from_o some_o such_o observation_n may_v the_o production_n of_o berbery_n etc._n etc._n without_o stone_n be_v happy_o attempt_v a_o instrument_n fit_v to_o take_v out_o the_o marrow_n or_o pith_n of_o the_o branch_n as_o the_o same_o d_o r_o beale_n perform_v it_o for_o from_o the_o numerical_a bush_n of_o that_o fruit_n he_o find_v some_o branch_n produce_v berbery_n that_o have_v no_o stone_n other_o which_o have_v and_o in_o search_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n perceive_v that_o the_o pith_n or_o heart_n be_v take_v from_o the_o radicat_fw-la or_o main_a branch_n as_o the_o other_o be_v full_a of_o pith_n and_o consequent_o the_o fruit_n in_o perfection_n of_o all_o which_o he_o write_v i_o word_n he_o make_v several_a trial_n on_o other_o fruit_n but_o leave_v the_o place_n before_o he_o can_v see_v the_o event_n but_o he_o add_v these_o many_o year_n almost_o twenty_o i_o have_v yearly_o try_v kernel_n in_o bed_n of_o clean_a earth_n pot_n and_o pan_n and_o by_o the_o very_a leaf_n as_o they_o appear_v in_o first_o spring_v for_o one_o month_n i_o can_v discern_v how_o far_o my_o essay_n have_v civilise_v they_o the_o wild_a have_v short_a stiff_a brown_a or_o fox-coloured_a leaf_n the_o more_o ingenuous_a have_v more_o tender_a more_o spread_a leaf_n and_o approach_v the_o light_a verdure_n of_o the_o berbery_n leaf_n when_o it_o first_o appear_v he_o add_v some_o apple_n be_v call_v rose-apple_n rosemary-apple_n gillyflower-apple_n orange-apple_n with_o several_a other_o adjunct_n denominate_v they_o from_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o but_o if_o we_o intend_v to_o try_v such_o infusion_n upon_o the_o kernel_n as_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o alter_v their_o kind_n we_o shall_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o bedabble_a they_o with_o such_o infusion_n for_o over_o moisture_n will_v rather_o enervate_v than_o strengthen_v they_o but_o rather_o prepare_v the_o earth_n the_o year_n before_o with_o such_o insuccation_n and_o then_o hinder_v it_o from_o produce_v any_o weed_n till_o ready_a for_o the_o kernel_n and_o then_o in_o dewy_a time_n and_o more_o frequent_o when_o our_o climate_n be_v surcharge_v with_o rain_n cover_v the_o bed_n and_o pot_n with_o the_o small_a leaf_n of_o rosemary_n gillyflower_n or_o other_o odoriferous_a blossom_n and_o repeat_v it_o often_o to_o the_o end_n the_o dew_n may_v meteorize_v and_o emit_v their_o fine_a spirit_n etc._n etc._n or_o if_o any_o shall_v please_v to_o be_v so-liberal_a of_o their_o salt_n and_o calcination_n of_o peculiar_a virtue_n though_o possible_o the_o essay_n may_v endanger_v their_o seed_n yet_o the_o mixture_n of_o such_o salt_n fine_o reduce_v and_o strew_v discreet_o on_o their_o bed_n may_v be_v a_o more_o probable_a mean_n than_o those_o liquid_a infusion_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v so_o confident_o boast_v for_o thus_o also_o we_o be_v in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o provide_v of_o more_o vigorous_a ingredient_n for_o trial_n than_o be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n final_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o wilding_n of_o several_a part_n it_o may_v manifest_o appear_v how_o much_o more_o congeneal_a some_o soil_n be_v than_o other_o to_o yield_v the_o best_a cider-fruit_n from_o the_o kernel_n and_o the_o hazzle_v ground_n or_o quick_a mould_n much_o better_a than_o the_o more_o obstinate_a clay_n or_o rank_a earth_n in_o hot_a gravelly-ground_n where_o almost_o no_o sort_n of_o fruit_n will_v grow_v pear_n will_v thrive_v and_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o of_o one_o that_o cleave_v a_o rock_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o a_o little_a good_a earth_n plant_v a_o pear-tree_n therein_o which_o prosper_v exceed_o i_o add_v this_o that_o none_o may_v go_v hence_o without_o encouragement_n chap._n ii_o of_o stock_n the_o former_a thus_o establish_v after_o all_o humour_n and_o variety_n have_v be_v sufficient_o weary_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o wilding_n to_o be_v the_o hardy_a and_o most_o proper_a stock_n for_o the_o most_o delicate_a fruit_n this_o confirm_v by_o varro_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 40._o in_o quamcunque_fw-la arborem_fw-la inseras_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v with_o reason_n however_o they_o do_v in_o hereford-shire_n both_o in_o practice_n and_o opinion_n limit_v this_o rule_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o gust_n of_o any_o delicate_a apple_n as_o of_o the_o pear-main_a quince-apple_n stockin_n etc._n etc._n rather_o graft_v upon_o a_o gennet-moyle_n or_o cydoddin-stock_n as_o there_o call_v than_o a_o crab-stock_n but_o then_o indeed_o they_o conclude_v the_o tree_n last_v not_o so_o long_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o apple_n be_v better_o taste_v from_o a_o clean_a light_a land_n etc._n etc._n than_o from_o stiff_a clay_n or_o the_o more_o pinguid_a and_o luxurious_a soil_n whence_o we_o may_v expect_v some_o assistance_n from_o the_o civility_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o prepare_a soil_n or_o foundation_n to_o the_o graff_n even_o as_o our_o very_a transplantation_n into_o better_a ground_n be_v likewise_o a_o kind_n of_o graft_n thus_o in_o like_a manner_n our_o master_n varro_n loco_fw-la citato_fw-la concern_v pear_n simo_n in_o pyrum_fw-la sylvaticam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o wild-stock_n do_v enliven_v the_o dull_a and_o phlegmatic_a apple_n and_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o gennet-moyle_n sweeten_v and_o improve_v a_o apple_n that_o seem_v over-tart_a as_o the_o pome-roy_n or_o some_o green_v etc._n etc._n or_o may_v rather_o seem_v to_o abate_v at_o least_o some_o apple_n over-tart_a and_o severe_a your_o crab-stock_n will_v be_v plant_v about_o october_n at_o thirty_o two_o foot_n distance_n and_o not_o graff_v till_o the_o three_o spring_n after_o or_o at_o least_o not_o before_o the_o second_o but_o if_o your_o design_n be_v for_o orchard_n only_o and_o where_o they_o be_v to_o abide_v a_o interval_n of_o sixteen_o foot_n shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o dwarfish_a kind_n or_o in_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o red-strake_a or_o other_o fruit-tree_n be_v of_o small_a bulk_n provide_v the_o ground_n be_v yearly_o turn_v up_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o the_o distance_n quadruple_v where_o the_o plough_n have_v privilege_n this_o be_v the_o most_o expedite_a for_o such_o as_o have_v no_o nursery_n ground_n chap._n iii_o of_o graff_n and_o insition_n make_v choice_n of_o your_o graff_n from_o a_o constant_a and_o well-bearing_a branch_n and_o as_o the_o stock_n have_v a_o more_o verdant_a rind_n and_o be_v capable_a to_o yield_v more_o plenty_n of_o juice_n so_o let_v the_o graff_n have_v more_o eye_n or_o bud_n ordinary_o three_o or_o four_o eye_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v issue_n to_o the_o sap_n but_o as_o well_o in_o apple_n and_o pear_n as_o in_o vine_n those_o graff_n or_o cion_n be_v prefer_v in_o which_o the_o bud_n be_v not_o too_o far_o asunder_o or_o distant_a from_o the_o foot_n thereof_o and_o such_o a_o number_n of_o bud_n usual_o determine_v the_o length_n of_o the_o graff_n there_o may_v divers_a cion_n be_v make_v of_o one_o branch_n where_o you_o can_v procure_v plenty_n of_o they_o for_o several_n as_o to_o the_o success_n of_o graft_n the_o main_a point_n be_v to_o join_v the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o cion_n to_o the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o one_o may_v there_o meet_v with_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o other_o and_o these_o part_n shall_v be_v join_v close_o but_o not_o too_o forcible_o that_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o infallible_a way_n by_o which_o most_o of_o the_o quick_a and_o juicy_a part_n be_v mutual_o unite_v especial_o towards_o the_o bottom_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v so_o big_a as_o to_o endanger_v the_o pinch_a of_o your_o graff_n when_o the_o wedge_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o cleave_a let_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o graff_n
hogshead_n of_o liquor_n each_o of_o they_o yet_o be_v they_o small_a dry_a crab_n 49._o i_o have_v see_v several_a sort_n of_o crab_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a apple_n or_o at_o worst_a but_o the_o wild-apple_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o many_o sort_n of_o apple_n and_o the_o liquor_n winy_n 50._o i_o have_v disclaim_v the_o gust_n of_o juniper-berry_n in_o cider_n i_o try_v it_o only_o once_o for_o myself_o and_o drink_v it_o before_o christmas_n possible_o in_o more_o time_n the_o relish_n have_v be_v subdue_v or_o improve_v as_o of_o hop_n in_o stale_a beer_n and_o of_o rennet_n in_o good_a parmesan_n neither_o be_v the_o gust_n to_o i_o otherwise_o unpleasant_a than_o as_o anniseseed_n in_o bread_n rather_o strange_a than_o odious_a and_o by_o custom_n make_v grateful_a and_o it_o do_v hasten_v the_o clarification_n and_o increase_v the_o briskness_n to_o a_o endless_a sparkle_a thus_o it_o indulge_v the_o lung_n and_o nothing_o more_o cheap_a where_o juniper_n grow_v a_o girl_n may_v speedy_o fill_v her_o lap_n with_o the_o berry_n if_o barbados_n ginger_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o a_o more_o pleasant_a preserver_n of_o beer_n it_o must_v probable_o be_v most_o kind_a for_o cider_n for_o first_o of_o all_o the_o improver_n that_o i_o can_v name_v bruise_a mustard_n be_v the_o best_a and_o this_o ginger_n have_v the_o same_o quick_a mordicant_a vigour_n in_o a_o more_o noble_a and_o more_o aromatic_a fragrancy_n second_o cider_n as_o i_o oft_o complain_v be_v of_o a_o sluggish_a and_o somewhat_o windy_a nature_n and_o for_o some_o month_n the_o best_a of_o it_o be_v chain_v up_o with_o a_o cold_a ligature_n as_o we_o fancy_v the_o fire_n to_o be_v lock_v up_o in_o a_o cold_a flint_n this_o will_v relieve_v the_o prisoner_n and_o three_o will_v assist_v the_o winy_n vigour_n for_o they_o that_o will_v use_v it_o instead_o of_o a_o sparkle_a wine_n four_o it_o be_v a_o good_a sign_n of_o much_o kindness_n and_o great_a friendship_n it_o will_v both_o enliven_v the_o ferment_n for_o speedy_a maturity_n and_o also_o hold_v it_o out_o for_o more_o duration_n both_o which_o office_n it_o perform_v in_o beer_n 51._o cider_n be_v windy_a before_o maturity_n some_o that_o must_v not_o wait_v the_o leisure_n of_o best_a season_n do_v put_v sprig_n of_o rosemary_n and_o bay_n in_o the_o vessel_n the_o first_o good_a for_o the_o head_n and_o not_o unpleasant_a the_o second_o a_o antidote_n against_o infection_n but_o less_o pleasant_a till_o time_n have_v incorporate_v the_o taste_n 52._o and_o why_o may_v we_o not_o make_v mention_n of_o all_o these_o mixture_n as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_n of_o their_o vinum_fw-la marrubii_fw-la vinum_fw-la abrotonites_n absynthites_n hyssopites_n marathites_n thymites_n cydonite_n myrtite_n scillite_n violaceum_fw-la sorbi_fw-la etc._n etc._n 53._o and_o for_o mixture_n i_o think_v we_o may_v challenge_v the_o ancient_n in_o name_v the_o red-raspy_a of_o which_o there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n a_o lady_n that_o make_v a_o bonella_n the_o best_a of_o summer_n drink_v and_o more_o yet_o if_o we_o name_v the_o clove-july-flower_n or_o other_o july-flower_n a_o most_o grateful_a cordial_n as_o it_o be_v infuse_v by_o a_o lady_n in_o staffordshire_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o devereux_n and_o by_o some_o lady_n of_o this_o country_n 54._o i_o can_v also_o give_v some_o account_n of_o cherry-wine_n and_o wine_n of_o plum_n the_o last_o of_o which_o in_o the_o best_a essay_n that_o i_o have_v yet_o see_v be_v hardly_o worthy_a to_o be_v name_v but_o i_o conceive_v and_o have_v ground_n for_o it_o that_o some_o good_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o some_o sort_n of_o they_o and_o in_o quantity_n and_o the_o vast_a store_n of_o cherrys_n in_o some_o place_n under_o a_o penny_n the_o pound_n and_o of_o plum_n that_o bend_v the_o tree_n with_o their_o burden_n and_o their_o expedite_a growth_n make_v it_o cheap_a enough_o and_o as_o in_o the_o other_o so_o in_o these_o the_o large_a english_a or_o dutch_a sharp_a cherry_n make_v the_o cherry-wine_n and_o the_o full_a black_a tawny_a plum_n as_o big_a as_o a_o walnut_n not_o the_o kind_n of_o heart-cherrys_a nor_o the_o plum_n which_o divide_v from_o the_o stone_n make_v the_o wine_n their_o cheapness_n shall_v recommend_v they_o to_o more_o general_a use_n at_o table_n when_o dry_v like_o prunella_n a_o easy_a art_n and_o then_o wholesome_o 55._o to_o return_v for_o red-strake_a it_o be_v a_o good_a drink_n as_o soon_o as_o well_o ferment_v or_o within_o a_o month_n better_a after_o some_o frost_n and_o when_o clarify_v rich_a wine_n when_o it_o take_v the_o colour_n of_o old_a sack_n in_o a_o good_a cellar_n it_o improve_v in_o hogshead_n the_o second_o year_n in_o bottle_n and_o sandy_a cellar_n keep_v the_o record_n of_o late_a revolution_n and_o old_a majoralty_n quaere_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o lay_v they_o up_o in_o sand-house_n 56._o i_o try_v some_o bottle_n all_o a_o summer_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o fountain_n and_o i_o prefer_v that_o way_n where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v and_o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a if_o the_o land_n be_v neither_o dry_a for_o a_o sand-house_n nor_o fountainous_a for_o this_o better_a expedient_a when_o cider_n be_v settle_v and_o altogether_o or_o almost_o clarify_v then_o to_o make_v it_o sprightful_a and_o winy_a it_o shall_v be_v draw_v into_o well_o corked_a and_o well_o bind_v bottle_n and_o keep_v some_o time_n in_o sand_n or_o water_n the_o long_a the_o better_o if_o the_o kind_n be_v good_a and_o cider_n be_v preserve_v to_o due_a age_n bottled_a and_o keep_v in_o cool_a place_n conservatory_n and_o refrigerate_v spring_n it_o do_v almost_o by_o time_n turn_v to_o aquavitae_n the_o bottle_n smoke_n at_o the_o open_n and_o it_o catch_v flame_n speedy_o and_o will_v burn_v like_o spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o a_o fiery_a taste_n and_o it_o be_v a_o laudable_a way_n of_o try_v the_o vigour_n of_o cider_n by_o its_o promptness_n to_o burn_v and_o take_v fire_n and_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o aquavitae_n which_o it_o yield_v cider_n afford_v by_o way_n of_o distillation_n a_o incomparable_a and_o useful_a spirit_n and_o that_o in_o such_o plenty_n as_o from_o four_o quart_n a_o full_a pint_n have_v be_v extract_v 57_o i_o must_v not_o prescribe_v to_o other_o palate_n by_o assert_v to_o what_o degree_n of_o perfection_n good_a cider_n may_v be_v raise_v or_o to_o compare_v it_o with_o wine_n but_o when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o bless_a memory_n come_v to_o hereford_n in_o his_o distress_n and_o such_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o worcestershire_n as_o be_v bring_v thither_o as_o prisoner_n both_o king_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n do_v prefer_v it_o before_o the_o best_a wine_n those_o part_n afford_v and_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o cider_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o mixture_n general_o all_o the_o gentry_n of_o herefordshire_n do_v abhor_v all_o mixture_n yet_o if_o any_o man_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o try_v conclusion_n and_o by_o a_o harmless_a art_n to_o convert_v cider_n into_o canary-wine_n let_v the_o cider_n be_v of_o the_o former_a year_n masculine_a and_o in_o full_a body_n yet_o pleasant_a and_o well_o taste_v into_o such_o cider_n put_v a_o spoonful_n or_o so_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o clary_n it_o will_v have_v so_o much_o of_o the_o race_n of_o canary_n as_o may_v deceive_v some_o who_o pretend_v they_o have_v discern_a palate_n sir_n paul_n neil_n be_v discourse_n of_o cider_n my_o lord_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o command_v of_o this_o honourable_a society_n i_o have_v at_o length_n endeavour_v to_o give_v this_o brief_a account_n of_o that_o little_a which_o i_o know_v concern_v the_o order_v of_o cider_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propound_v to_o myself_o six_o thing_n first_o to_o show_v that_o cider_n make_v of_o the_o best_a eating-apple_n must_v needs_o be_v once_o the_o best_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o pleasant_a cider_n second_o that_o hitherto_o the_o general_a opinion_n have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o mistake_n be_v the_o not_o apprehend_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o pepin-cider_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o retain_v its_o sweetness_n when_o the_o hard-apple-cider_n do_v three_o what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n that_o pepin-cider_n use_v in_o the_o ordinary_a method_n will_v not_o retain_v its_o sweetness_n four_o how_o to_o cure_v that_o evil_n in_o pepin_n cider_n five_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n how_o in_o some_o degree_n by_o the_o same_o method_n to_o amend_v the_o hard-apple-cider_n and_o french-wine_n six_o that_o what_o be_v here_o propound_v can_v choose_v but_o be_v wholesome_a and_o may_v be_v do_v to_o what_o degree_n every_o man_n palate_n shall_v wish_v have_v now_o tell_v your_o lordship_n what_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o do_v before_o i_o enter_v
world_n in_o jersey_n it_o be_v a_o general_a observation_n as_o i_o hear_v that_o the_o more_o of_o red_a any_o apple_n have_v in_o its_o rind_n the_o more_o proper_a it_o be_v for_o this_o use_n paleface't-apple_n they_o exclude_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v from_o their_o cider-vat_a it_o be_v with_o we_o a_o observation_n that_o no_o sweet-apple_n that_o have_v a_o tough_a rind_n be_v bad_a for_o cider_n 12._o if_o you_o boil_v your_o cider_n special_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o you_o put_v it_o into_o the_o furnace_n immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v let_v stand_v iâ—_n fat_n or_o vessel_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o pressure_n the_o best_a and_o most_o spirituous_a part_n will_v ascend_v and_o vapour_n away_o when_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v under_o it_o and_o the_o long_o the_o boil_a continue_v the_o less_o of_o goodness_n or_o virtue_n will_v be_v leave_v remain_v in_o the_o cider_n my_o distillation_n sufficient_o instruct_v i_o that_o the_o same_o liquor_n which_o after_o fermentation_n have_v pass_v upon_o it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n draw_v off_o unferment_v yield_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o spirit_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_v it_o be_v undoubted_o certain_a that_o cider_n boil_v immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n have_v its_o spirit_n compress_v and_o draw_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n wash_v and_o evaporate_v by_o late_a unseasonable_a boil_a concern_v cider_n by_o doctor_n smith_z the_o best_a time_n to_o grind_v the_o apple_n be_v immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v thorough_o ripe_a for_o so_o they_o will_v yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n the_o cider_n will_v drink_v the_o better_a and_o last_v long_o than_o if_o the_o apple_n be_v hoard_v for_o cider_n make_v of_o hoard_a apple_n will_v always_o retain_v a_o unpleasing_a taste_n of_o the_o apple_n especial_o if_o they_o contract_v any_o rottenness_n the_o cider_n that_o be_v ground_n in_o a_o stone-case_n be_v general_o accuse_v to_o taste_v unpleasant_o of_o the_o rind_n stem_n and_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n which_o it_o will_v not_o if_o ground_n in_o a_o case_n of_o wood_n which_o do_v not_o bruise_v they_o so_o much_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o cider_n be_v make_v put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n leave_v it_o about_o the_o space_n of_o one_o gallon_n empty_a and_o present_o stop_v it_o up_o very_o close_a this_o way_n be_v observe_v to_o keep_v it_o long_o and_o to_o preserve_v its_o spirit_n better_a than_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o fill_v the_o vessel_n quite_o full_a and_o keep_v it_o open_v till_o it_o have_v do_v ferment_v cider_n put_v into_o a_o new_a vessel_n will_v often_o taste_v of_o the_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v pierce_v early_o but_o the_o same_o stop_v up_o again_o and_o reserve_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n will_v free_v itself_o of_o that_o taste_n if_o the_o cider_n be_v sharp_a and_o thick_a it_o will_v recover_v itself_o again_o but_o if_o sharp_a and_o clear_a it_o will_v not_o about_o march_n or_o when_o the_o cider_n begin_v to_o sparkle_v in_o the_o glass_n before_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o bottle_n it_o cider_n will_v be_v much_o long_o in_o clear_v in_o a_o mild_a and_o moist_a then_o in_o a_o cold_a and_o dry_a winter_n to_o every_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n design_v for_o two_o year_n keep_v it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v about_o march_n the_o first_o year_n a_o quart_n of_o wheat_n unground_a the_o best_a fruit_n with_o we_o in_o gloucestershire_n for_o the_o first_o year_n cider_n be_v the_o red-strake_a the_o white_a and_o red_a must-apple_n the_o sweet_a and_o sour_a pepin_n and_o the_o harvey-apple_n pearmains_n alone_o make_v but_o a_o small_a liquor_n and_o hardly_o clear_v of_o itself_o but_o mix_v either_o with_o sweet_a or_o sour_a pippin_n it_o become_v very_o brisk_a and_o clear_a must-apple-cider_n though_o the_o first_o make_v be_v always_o the_o last_o ripe_a by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o apple_n pass_v the_o strainer_n in_o press_v and_o make_v it_o exceed_o thick_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n and_o fox-whelp_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o drink_v till_o the_o second_o year_n but_o then_o very_a good_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n in_o the_o distillation_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o crab_n and_o pear_n mix_v make_v a_o very_a please_a liquor_n and_o much_o soon_o ripe_a than_o pear_n alone_o of_o cider_n by_o capt._n sylas_n taylor_n herefordshire_n afford_v several_a sort_n of_o cider-apple_n as_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o red_a strike_n the_o gennet-moyle_n the_o summer-violet_n or_o fillet_n and_o the_o winter-fillet_n with_o many_o other_o sort_n which_o be_v use_v only_o to_o make_v cider_n of_o which_o some_o use_v each_o sort_n simple_o and_o other_o mix_v many_o sort_n together_o this_o county_n be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o other_o sort_n of_o apple_n as_o pippin_n pearmains_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o there_o be_v much_o cider_n make_v but_o not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o cider_n draw_v from_o the_o cider-apple_n among_o which_o the_o redstrakes_a bear_v the_o bell_n a_o fruit_n in_o itself_o scarce_o edible_a yet_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o be_v immediate_o pleasant_a in_o taste_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o restringency_n which_o it_o have_v when_o incorporate_v with_o the_o meat_n or_o flesh_n of_o the_o apple_n it_o be_v many_o time_n three_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o its_o clearness_n and_o six_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o a_o ripeness_n fit_a for_o drink_v yet_o i_o have_v taste_v of_o it_o three_o year_n old_a very_o pleasant_a though_o dangerous_o strong_a the_o colour_n of_o it_o when_o fine_a be_v of_o a_o sparkle_a yellow_a like_a canary_n of_o a_o good_a full_a body_n and_o oily_a the_o taste_n like_o the_o flavour_n or_o perfume_n of_o excellent_a peach_n very_o grateful_a to_o the_o palate_n and_o stomach_n gennet-moyle_n make_v a_o cider_n of_o a_o small_a body_n than_o the_o former_a yet_o very_o pleasant_a and_o will_v last_v a_o year_n it_o be_v a_o good_a eat_v pleasant_a sharp_a fruit_n when_o ripe_a and_o the_o best_a tart-apple_n as_o the_o red-strake_a also_o before_o its_o ripeness_n the_o tree_n grow_v with_o certain_a knotty_a extuberancy_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o bough_n below_o which_o knot_n we_o cut_v off_o bough_n the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o place_v the_o knot_n in_o the_o ground_n which_o make_v the_o root_n and_o this_o be_v do_v to_o raise_v this_o fruit_n but_o very_o rare_o by_o graft_n of_o fillet_n of_o both_o sort_n viz._n summer_n and_o winter_n i_o have_v make_v cider_n of_o that_o proportionate_a taste_n and_o strength_n that_o i_o have_v deceive_v several_a experience_a palate_n with_o who_o simple_o it_o have_v pass_v for_o white-wine_n and_o dash_v it_o with_o red-wine_n it_o have_v pass_v for_o claret_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o syrup_n of_o rasp'ye_n it_o make_v a_o excellent_a woman_n wine_n the_o fruit_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o gennet-moyle_n to_o eat_v the_o winter-fillet_n make_v a_o last_a cider_n and_o the_o summer-fillet_n a_o early_a cider_n but_o both_o very_a strong_a and_o the_o apple_n mix_v together_o make_v a_o good_a cider_n these_o apple_n yield_v a_o liquor_n more_o grateful_a to_o my_o palate_n and_o so_o esteem_v of_o in_o herefordshire_n by_o the_o great_a ciderist_n than_o any_o make_v of_o pippin_n and_o pearmains_n of_o which_o sort_n we_o have_v very_o good_a in_o that_o country_n and_o those_o also_o both_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o both_o sort_n and_o of_o which_o i_o have_v drink_v the_o cider_n but_o prefer_v the_o other_o ground_n separate_v only_o with_o a_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o soil_n have_v give_v a_o great_a alteration_n to_o the_o cider_n notwithstanding_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v graff_v with_o equal_a care_n the_o same_o graff_n and_o last_o the_o same_o care_n take_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o cider_n this_o as_o to_o the_o red-strake_a i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o same_o niceness_n in_o any_o other_o fruit_n for_o gennet-moyle_n and_o fillet_n thrive_v very_o well_o over_o all_o herefordshire_n the_o red-strake_a delight_n most_o in_o a_o fat_a soil_n hamlacy_n be_v a_o rich_a intermix_v soil_n of_o red-fat-clay_n and_o sand_n and_o kings-capel_a a_o low_a hot_a sandy_a ground_n both_o well_o defend_v from_o noxious_a wind_n and_o both_o very_a famous_a for_o the_o red-strake-cider_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n in_o hereford_n and_o worcestershire_n which_o be_v call_v bareland-pear_n which_o make_v a_o very_a good_a cider_n i_o call_v it_o