it_o be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n diameter_n if_o you_o make_v your_o hole_n with_o a_o iron_n crow_n make_v it_o big_a enough_o that_o you_o do_v not_o thrust_v up_o the_o bark_n when_o you_o thrust_v they_o into_o the_o hole_n or_o if_o you_o make_v they_o with_o a_o stake_n observe_v the_o same_o but_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o bark_n to_o part_v from_o the_o wood_n tie_v it_o about_o the_o low_a end_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o wier_n etc._n etc._n set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a if_o great_a deep_a or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o quantity_n to_o set_v and_o will_v set_v they_o well_o then_o have_v a_o auger_n make_v somewhat_o like_a to_o a_o pump_n a_o little_o big_a than_o your_o set_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o set_n in_o and_o ram_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o but_o however_o you_o set_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o ram_n the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o i_o prefer_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n for_o the_o best_a season_n unless_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o wet_a then_o defer_v it_o till_o february_n but_o if_o you_o have_v ground_n that_o be_v wet_a and_o barren_a and_o that_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o plant_v make_v drein_n two_o spade-deep_a and_o a_o yard_n wide_a and_o at_o every_o two_o yard_n asunder_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o two_o yard_n of_o ground_n you_o leave_v and_o sow_v it_o the_o first_o year_n with_o oat_n to_o mellow_v the_o ground_n which_o may_v pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o your_o charge_n if_o not_o all_o the_o next_o winter_n set_v it_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o wood_n water-pople_a and_o other_o alder_a willow_n withy_o sallow_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o you_o may_v have_v a_o good_a fall_n of_o wood_n so_o may_v you_o have_v every_o five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o for_o many_o year_n to_o encourage_v you_o esquire_n evelin_n tell_v you_o of_o a_o abele_n that_o do_v shoot_v in_o one_o year_n seventeen_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o as_o thick_a as_o your_o wrist_n and_o also_o inform_v you_o of_o some_o willow_n that_o have_v shoot_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o foot_n in_o one_o year_n therefore_o to_o those_o gentleman_n that_o have_v wet_a or_o moorish_a ground_n which_o be_v bad_a and_o will_v not_o graze_v well_o do_v i_o direct_v this_o good_a husbandry_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o and_o fell_v well_o the_o charge_n to_o do_v this_o will_v not_o be_v great_a and_o to_o satisfy_v you_o the_o more_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o if_o you_o dig_v two_o spade_n deep_a then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o ground_n to_o dig_v that_o be_v to_o dig_v your_o trench_n one_o yard_n wide_a and_o leave_v two_o yard_n there_o to_o lay_v the_o earth_n and_o to_o sow_v one_o year_n or_o to_o set_v the_o set_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v make_v the_o ground_n ready_a 160_o rod_n in_o one_o acre_n divide_v by_o 3_o give_v one_o 3_o d._n of_o 160_o which_o be_v 53_o and_o â…“_n this_o 53_o double_a neglect_v the_o â…“_n as_o needless_a in_o such_o a_o business_n be_v 106_o now_o if_o i_o allow_v 3_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o one_o spade-deep_a that_o be_v 6_o d._n for_o two_o and_o then_o 2_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o set_v be_v 8_o penny_n the_o rod_n leave_v the_o set_v out_o and_o not_o count_v they_o because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v the_o scarceness_n or_o plentifulness_n of_o they_o where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v though_o they_o will_v cost_v but_o little_a now_o if_o i_o divide_v 106_o by_o 2_o be_v 2_o six_o pence_n be_v one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 53_o s._n and_o then_o divide_v 106_o by_o 6_o be_v 6_o two_o pence_n make_v one_o shilling_n be_v 17_o s._n 8._o d._n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v plant_v this_o way_n have_v the_o trench_n dig_v two_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v any_o sort_n of_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v shallow_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v full_a hereafter_o the_o charge_n except_v the_o set_v be_v but_o 3_o l._n 10_o s._n 8_o d._n where_o man_n can_v dig_v such_o ground_n for_o 3_o d._n the_o rod._n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o wet_a or_o the_o soyl_v surface_n very_o shallow_a then_o may_v you_o dig_v one_o yard_n and_o leave_v another_o throwing_z half_a your_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n and_o half_a on_o the_o other_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n this_o way_n there_o will_v not_o be_v half_o dig_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v a_o oblong_a square_n but_o if_o you_o count_v it_o at_o half_a that_o be_v 80_o rod_n which_o at_o the_o same_o price_n 3_o d._n the_o rod_n be_v 20_o s._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o threepence_n by_o four_o the_o three_o in_o a_o shilling_n the_o quotient_a give_v 20_o then_o 80_o twopence_n for_o set_v be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o by_o 6_o the_o twopence_n in_o one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 13_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o 2_o over_o which_o 2_o twopence_n be_v 4_o d._n that_o be_v then_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o 20_o s._n be_v one_o pound_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n charge_n yet_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o more_o oblong_o the_o piece_n be_v it_o will_v cost_v somewhat_o the_o less_o provide_v you_o divide_v your_o ground_n into_o yard_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o you_o can_v and_o leave_v a_o yard_n next_o the_o side_n where_o you_o begin_v and_o one_o at_o the_o side_n where_o you_o end_n have_v show_v you_o the_o charge_n or_o pretty_a near_o it_o and_o also_o two_o way_n how_o to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n of_o water-pople_a all_o sort_n of_o sallowe_n alder_n willow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n of_o root_n abele_n poplar_n and_o if_o not_o too_o wet_a elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n let_v none_o of_o these_o soft_a wood_n stand_v too_o long_o unlopt_v if_o pollard_n or_o unfel_v if_o stub_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v of_o all_o the_o popler_n water-pople_a endure_v best_o lop_n when_o great_a than_o the_o abele_n the_o asp_n worst_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a this_o water-pople_a do_v not_o increase_v of_o a_o runner_n as_o the_o other_o do_v i_o suppose_v this_o be_v the_o same_o which_o some_o call_v the_o black-pople_a it_o grow_v in_o several_a place_n about_o ware_n by_o their_o ditch-side_n and_o bring_v they_o good_a profit_n and_o therefore_o you_o that_o have_v wet_a ground_n get_v some_o of_o this_o to_o set_v by_o your_o ditch_n one_o row_n of_o this_o and_o one_o of_o willow_n for_o if_o you_o set_v one_o of_o these_o worth_n a_o halfpenny_n if_o they_o grow_v they_o will_v bring_v you_o that_o yearly_a for_o twenty_o year_n or_o more_o prune_n all_o soft_a wood_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o of_o raise_v the_o alder._n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o other_o i_o last_o write_v of_o some_o say_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o set_v they_o two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o they_o will_v certain_o grow_v and_o yield_v you_o good_a profit_n they_o love_v a_o wet_a moorish_a ground_n and_o will_v not_o grow_v on_o dry_a ground_n they_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o your_o boggy_a ground_n which_o seldom_o yield_v good_a grass_n some_o advise_v you_o to_o fell_v they_o every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n which_o be_v good_a counsel_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v above_o five_o or_o six_o year_n the_o wound_a place_n will_v be_v too_o great_a if_o you_o stay_v long_o and_o with_o wet_a will_v grow_v hollow_a if_o it_o be_v great_a before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v the_o wound_n as_o for_o soft_a wood_n or_o aquatic_a tree_n fell_a or_o lop_v none_o till_o to_o ward_n the_o spring_n viz._n february_n be_v the_o best_a season_n and_o the_o moon_n increase_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n the_o withy_a do_v best_a grow_v on_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o moist_a but_o yet_o the_o moisture_n must_v not_o be_v far_o from_o he_o as_o on_o the_o weep_a side_n of_o a_o hill_n where_o some_o spring_n break_v out_o or_o on_o bank_n by_o river_n or_o ditch_n side_n or_o on_o bank_n in_o your_o moorish_a ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o willow_n love_v to_o grow_v on_o such_o like_a ground_n both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a be_v set_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o water-pople_a be_v and_o of_o such_o set_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v pollard_n tree_n see_v the_o chapt._n before_o of_o the_o water-pople_a
shoot_v forth_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o their_o head_n that_o be_v the_o side-bough_n to_o keep_v the_o wind_n from_o break_v they_o there_o be_v in_o these_o four_o row_n of_o tree_n 296._o and_o of_o these_o i_o lose_v not_o one_o tree_n the_o first_o year_n but_o they_o do_v grow_v and_o shoot_v so_o well_o that_o there_o be_v several_a noble_a man_n that_o see_v they_o do_v think_v as_o they_o say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o remove_v the_o year_n before_o but_o the_o year_n after_o we_o have_v three_o spoil_v by_o some_o base_a man_n or_o boy_n of_o the_o very_a same_o parcel_n of_o tree_n my_o lord_n give_v sir_n william_n temple_n thirty_o of_o the_o best_a of_o they_o which_o he_o himself_o see_v choose_v out_o they_o be_v set_v at_o sir_n william_n house_n at_o sheen_n a_o much_o better_o nature_a ground_n than_o we_o yet_o they_o lose_v all_o but_o six_o of_o they_o the_o first_o year_n i_o see_v a_o walk_n of_o line-tree_n but_o i_o think_v they_o be_v the_o bastard-kind_n which_o we_o have_v grow_v in_o many_o of_o our_o wood_n in_o england_n set_v at_o debden-hall_n the_o right_a worshipful_a sir_n richard_n brown_n house_n the_o natural_a ground_n be_v not_o bad_a for_o they_o but_o how_o they_o be_v order_v i_o do_v not_o know_v for_o they_o have_v the_o first_o year_n not_o above_o one_o in_o ten_o that_o do_v grow_v any_o thing_n considerable_o i_o see_v the_o like_a or_o worse_o spoil_v of_o the_o same_o tree_n at_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n turnor_n near_a startford_n where_o the_o ground_n may_v easy_o have_v be_v make_v very_o good_a for_o they_o i_o only_o write_v this_o to_o persuade_v noble_a man_n and_o other_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o plant_v to_o remember_v the_o old_a say_n viz._n a_o thing_n once_o well_o do_v be_v twice_o do_v and_o those_o that_o be_v resolve_v to_o plant_n that_o they_o make_v their_o ground_n fit_a for_o those_o tree_n before_o they_o set_v they_o and_o not_o bury_v they_o in_o a_o hole_n like_o a_o dead_a dog_n as_o too_o too_o many_o do_v let_v i_o then_o beg_v that_o they_o may_v have_v good_a and_o fresh_a lodging_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o good_a attendance_n also_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o their_o enemy_n till_o they_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v with_o they_o they_o that_o will_v not_o do_v this_o let_v they_o never_o resolve_v to_o plant_v tree_n for_o why_o shall_v they_o spoil_v the_o least_o of_o those_o stately_a monument_n and_o in_o so_o do_v throw_v away_o their_o money_n for_o let_v such_o note_n that_o nature_n bestow_v not_o her_o gift_n but_o where_o she_o find_v suitable_a convenience_n therefore_o order_v your_o ground_n well_o and_o then_o you_o may_v see_v a_o good_a success_n as_o my_o lord_n have_v have_v in_o several_a of_o his_o plantation_n though_o as_o bad_a ground_n as_o most_o be_v to_o plant_v on_o one_o night_n my_o thought_n walk_v up_o one_o of_o my_o lord_n line-walks_a i_o hear_v the_o grateful_a tree_n thus_o pay_v the_o tribute_n of_o their_o thanks_o to_o his_o lordship_n like_a pyramid_n our_o stately_a top_n we_o will_v raise_v to_o sing_v our_o noble_a benefactor_n be_v praise_n fresh_o we_o will_v to_o after-age_n show_v what_o noble_a essex_n do_v on_o we_o bestow_v for_o we_o our_o very_a be_v owe_v to_o he_o or_o else_o we_o have_v long_o since_o entomb_v be_v in_o crop_n of_o bird_n or_o in_o beast_n belly_n find_v or_o meet_v our_o death_n neglect_v on_o the_o ground_n by_o he_o we_o cherish_v be_v with_o dung_n and_o spade_n for_o which_o we_o will_v recompense_n he_o with_o our_o shade_n and_o since_o his_o kindness_n see_v we_o prune_v so_o well_o we_o will_v requite_v he_o with_o our_o fragrant_a smell_n in_o winter_n as_o in_o gratitude_n be_v meet_v we_o will_v strew_v our_o humble_a leave_n beneath_o his_o foot_n nay_o in_o each_o tree_n root_n trunk_n branch_n all_o will_v be_v proud_a to_o serve_v he_o and_o his_o posterity_n thus_o have_v show_v you_o by_o example_n the_o good_a effect_n of_o a_o light_a brick-earth_n upon_o gravel_n i_o can_v also_o tell_v the_o same_o of_o a_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n small_a gravel_n upon_o your_o clay_n or_o stiff_a ground_n but_o i_o hope_v that_o i_o have_v inform_v your_o judgement_n so_o much_o that_o you_o will_v reasonable_o conclude_v with_o i_o that_o the_o prepare_v of_o ground_n for_o tree_n be_v only_o to_o mix_v ground_n so_o together_o that_o there_o may_v be_v convenient_a room_n for_o the_o root_n to_o search_v for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o to_o humour_v the_o tree_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o natural_a ground_n which_o each_o tree_n delight_v to_o grow_v in_o i_o know_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o stiff_a clay_n then_o to_o trench_v and_o mix_v it_o with_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n lime_n rubbish_n or_o chalk_n and_o lime_n be_v great_a help_n to_o such_o ground_n either_o for_o tree_n or_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o more_o last_a than_o dung_n and_o for_o forrest-tree_n full_a as_o good_a as_o dung_n for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o give_v leave_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o take_v away_o that_o over-moistness_a in_o the_o cold_a stiff_a ground_n which_o hinder_v conception_n by_o let_v the_o water_n down_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o keep_v it_o from_o crack_v and_o so_o nourish_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o keep_v it_o from_o spend_v it_o too_o hasty_o horse-dung_n be_v the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o hot_a bed_n with_o for_o such_o plant_n as_o be_v common_o raise_v of_o they_o be_v annual_a plant_n but_o it_o be_v too_o hasty_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n unless_o it_o be_v rot_v and_o well_o mix_v with_o natural_a mould_n it_o be_v best_a for_o your_o stiff_a cold_a land_n and_o if_o you_o lay_v it_o upon_o plough_v ground_n which_o it_o be_v best_o for_o then_o plough_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o if_o it_o lie_v there_o to_o dry_v there_o will_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o oily_a substance_n which_o make_v the_o fume_n for_o nourishment_n of_o plant_n be_v exhale_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n let_v no_o sort_n of_o dung_n lie_v long_o on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ground_n unplowedin_fw-fr but_o plough_n or_o dig_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o by_o lie_v so_o it_o do_v not_o only_o lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o its_o goodness_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o if_o it_o lie_v thin_a but_o where_o your_o dunghill_n lie_v every_o shower_n will_v wash_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n into_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o if_o you_o take_v the_o dung_n off_o from_o that_o place_n as_o clean_o as_o you_o can_v yet_o you_o shall_v have_v that_o place_n bear_v rank_a corn_n than_o where_o you_o think_v the_o dung_n have_v lie_v much_o thick_a if_o it_o lie_v long_o in_o a_o place_n the_o observation_n of_o this_o teach_v i_o many_o good_a uses_n as_o first_o to_o lay_v dung_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n be_v much_o better_a than_o stone_n as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n advises_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n for_o this_o keep_v moist_a the_o ground_n better_o than_o they_o and_o rain_n wash_v the_o strength_n to_o the_o root_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o if_o you_o dig_v in_o this_o when_o the_o strength_n be_v go_v and_o your_o tree_n strong_a it_o than_o prepare_v way_n for_o the_o root_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a benefit_n to_o your_o tree_n or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o digged-in_a but_o lie_v on_o the_o top_n and_o there_o turn_v to_o earth_n it_o than_o feed_v the_o root_n on_o the_o top_n and_o lead_v they_o upward_o and_o see_v where_o dung_n lie_v the_o ground_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v by_o the_o washing-in_a of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n it_o may_v well_o inform_v you_o that_o dung_n steep_v in_o water_n be_v very_o good_a especial_o if_o you_o use_v dung_n in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o your_o plant_n and_o strength_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o weak_a your_o ground_n make_v your_o water_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n in_o farmer_n yard_n a_o water_n that_o wash_v from_o their_o dunghill_n a_o load_n of_o which_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o a_o load_n of_o dung_n yet_o by_o they_o total_o neglect_v but_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n thus_o have_v hint_v of_o these_o two_o useful_a and_o common_a dung_n cow_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o example_n of_o these_o line-tree_n only_o observe_v this_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v horse-dung_n be_v best_a for_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n and_o growth_n
and_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n that_o shoot_v much_o in_o a_o year_n for_o it_o yield_v a_o great_a fume_v and_o such_o plant_n can_v well_o dispose_v of_o it_o cowdung_n be_v a_o good_a soil_n for_o most_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o hot_a ground_n and_o better_a for_o durable_a plant_n than_o it_o be_v for_o annual_n it_o be_v excellent_a for_o many_o sort_n of_o rare_a flower_n if_o first_o it_o be_v thorow-rotten_a and_o then_o dry_v and_o beat_v to_o dust_n and_o some_o fresh_a fine_a earth_n then_o mix_v well_o with_o it_o deers-dung_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cow_n or_o bullock_n but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o tender_a and_o small_a plant_n sheeps-dung_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o more_o agreeable_a to_o tender_v and_o small_a seed_n and_o plant_n by_o this_o our_o yeoman_n and_o farmer_n find_v good_a profit_n by_o fold_v their_o sheep_n every_o night_n on_o their_o own_o land_n for_o there_o they_o find_v a_o far_o certain_a benefit_n on_o their_o ground_n by_o the_o dung_n and_o urine_n which_o the_o sheep_n make_v in_o one_o night_n though_o it_o be_v not_o long_o last_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a help_n for_o the_o first_o crop_n and_o a_o good_a addition_n to_o the_o second_o this_o may_v teach_v you_o that_o a_o thin_a sprinkle_n of_o dung_n be_v more_o sure_a most_o year_n for_o your_o corn-land_n than_o great_a quantity_n and_o also_o that_o to_o break_v your_o dung_n small_a be_v best_a for_o the_o small_a the_o better_o especial_o if_o you_o have_v lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o long_o before_o you_o sow_v especial_o for_o your_o summer-crop_n from_o this_o i_o do_v advise_v my_o ingenuous_a countryman_n of_o these_o few_o rule_n which_o be_v speak_v before_o to_o well_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o your_o land_n and_o by_o so_o do_v to_o enrich_v it_o with_o such_o soil_n and_o dung_n as_o be_v most_o natural_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o to_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v on_o it_o and_o to_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n at_o the_o most_o convenient_a time_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n i_o have_v hint_v at_o many_o useful_a compost_n and_o also_o that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v far_o more_o proper_a for_o some_o ground_n than_o they_o be_v for_o other_o though_o there_o be_v many_o more_o sort_n that_o may_v be_v and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o very_o good_a effect_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o nor_o you_o with_o the_o name_v any_o more_o know_v that_o he_o that_o understand_v to_o number_v to_o 20_o in_o arithmetic_n may_v soon_o count_v to_o a_o 100_o now_o as_o to_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o tree_n plant_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o grain_n the_o small_a your_o seed_n be_v make_v the_o ground_n the_o fine_a the_o quick_a your_o seed_n be_v of_o growth_n and_o the_o more_o they_o run_v into_o stalk_n or_o leaf_n your_o dung_n may_v then_o be_v the_o new_a and_o strong_a and_o the_o more_o in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o digestion_n of_o your_o plant_n but_o if_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o long_a last_a then_o let_v the_o dung_n be_v the_o more_o rot_a and_o the_o more_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o shoot_v great_a shoot_n the_o more_o you_o may_v allow_v they_o but_o let_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o some_o such_o ground_n as_o they_o natural_o delight_v to_o grow_v in_o and_o also_o to_o allow_v they_o room_n that_o be_v large_a enough_o for_o high_a and_o lofty_a spirit_n do_v not_o love_v to_o be_v confine_v to_o little_a and_o small_a cottage_n and_o as_o for_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n if_o the_o time_n be_v the_o spring_n that_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o sow_v your_o seed_n then_o lay_v such_o dung_n as_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a early_a on_o your_o ground_n and_o rather_o err_v in_o too_o little_a than_o too_o much_o such_o dung_n as_o be_v your_o pigeon_n hen_n sea-coal-ash_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o moist_a such_o as_o horse-dung_n horselitter_n or_o green_a grass_n hay_o etc._n etc._n these_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o annual_n and_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o be_v too_o spare_v towards_o these_o tender_a plant_n rather_o err_v in_o keep_v your_o dung_n too_o dry_a than_o too_o wet_a for_o in_o so_o do_v you_o shall_v keep_v its_o heat_n the_o long_o and_o have_v the_o more_o command_n to_o keep_v it_o so_o but_o if_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v dung_n on_o ground_n to_o help_v such_o tree_n or_o plant_n as_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o more_o slow_a in_o their_o progress_n then_o mix_v such_o dung_n thin_a and_o not_o too_o near_o the_o root_n but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o autumn_n season_n that_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n then_o lay_v it_o something_o thick_a for_o the_o winter_n will_v qualify_v the_o strength_n and_o heat_n of_o it_o to_o conclude_v if_o you_o be_v to_o lay_v dung_n on_o land_n that_o you_o be_v to_o sow_v with_o seed_n that_o do_v not_o run_v much_o into_o stalk_n and_o be_v but_o slow_a in_o grow_v then_o do_v as_o our_o farmer_n do_v let_v it_o be_v rot_v and_o mix_v well_o with_o mould_n before_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n and_o then_o your_o grain_n or_o seed_n will_v the_o better_o agree_v with_o it_o or_o else_o you_o may_v find_v on_o your_o land_n strong_a great_a weed_n such_o as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o incline_v to_o for_o strong_a land_n will_v produce_v the_o strong_a weed_n and_o the_o other_o contrary_n therefore_o if_o your_o dung_n be_v too_o rank_a and_o new_a for_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v your_o ground_n with_o then_o mix_v it_o with_o some_o other_o compost_n as_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o your_o land_n and_o most_o convenient_a to_o be_v have_v and_o if_o your_o land_n be_v stiff_a then_o mix_v it_o with_o chalk_n light_v sandy_a ground_n or_o somewhat_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o earth_n first_o than_o your_o dung_n and_o then_o earth_n to_o cover_v your_o dung_n all_o over_o by_o so_o do_v you_o will_v save_v that_o oily_a water_n which_o will_v soak_v from_o the_o dung_n by_o shower_n of_o rain_n into_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o dung_n and_o by_o cover_v your_o dung_n with_o earth_n it_o will_v keep_v the_o sun_n from_o dry_v out_o that_o moisture_n and_o whatever_o fume_n arise_v the_o earth_n on_o the_o top_n will_v receive_v be_v sure_a you_o let_v it_o not_o grow_v with_o weed_n on_o the_o top_n but_o when_o you_o find_v they_o to_o appear_v take_v they_o off_o and_o suffer_v none_o to_o grow_v on_o your_o compost_n or_o turn_v it_o over_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o your_o earth_n below_o however_o let_v it_o be_v mix_v together_o before_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n thus_o do_v with_o new_a horse-dung_n and_o litter_n but_o if_o it_o be_v any_o other_o dung_n lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n as_o soon_o as_o opportunity_n serve_v for_o the_o long_o you_o let_v it_o lie_v the_o more_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o strength_n therefore_o lay_v it_o on_o rather_o too_o thin_a and_o in_o dry_a weather_n and_o early_o to_o assist_v nature_n do_v thou_o not_o neglect_v use_v she_o not_o rough_o lest_o there_o be_v defect_n thus_o much_o may_v serve_v for_o tree_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o flower_n or_o other_o fine_a and_o tender_a plant_n you_o then_o must_v be_v more_o curious_a and_o mix_v your_o earth_n better_o but_o they_o be_v out_o of_o my_o road_n at_o this_o time_n the_o main_a business_n be_v to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v room_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o to_o fetch_v their_o nourishment_n as_o for_o tree_n and_o plant_n that_o root_v deep_a trench_v your_o ground_n according_o etc._n etc._n now_o for_o to_o please_v the_o tree_n or_o plant_n with_o such_o earth_n as_o it_o delight_v to_o be_v in_o add_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o dung_n as_o may_v be_v suitable_a to_o the_o growth_n of_o your_o tree_n or_o plant_n thereby_o to_o make_v a_o fume_n to_o feed_v it_o for_o let_v this_o fume_n be_v make_v of_o what_o it_o will_v for-my_a part_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v whether_o it_o be_v salt_n sulphur_n or_o mercury_n or_o as_o some_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v salt_n sulphur_n mercury_n and_o spirit_n all_o or_o any_o one_o of_o these_o that_o feed_v the_o plant_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o if_o it_o be_v fire_n earth_n water_n or_o air_n as_o be_v former_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a for_o sulphur_n or_o brimstone_n may_v answer_v to_o fire_n salt_n to_o the_o earth_n mercury_n to_o water_n spirit_n to_o air._n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o
big_a enough_o for_o walk_n wood_n or_o what_o you_o please_v thus_o much_o at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o sycamore_n only_o remember_v as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a wood_n to_o plant_v in_o coppice_n and_o wood_n chap._n xxi_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o hornbeam_n i_o tell_v you_o but_o now_o of_o the_o sycamore_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v set_v in_o park_n because_o deer_n do_v not_o often_o bark_v they_o but_o of_o all_o tree_n that_o i_o know_v for_o that_o purpose_n this_o be_v the_o best_a for_o a_o deer_n will_v starve_v before_o he_o will_v so_o much_o as_o taste_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o hornbeam_n they_o do_v not_o love_v much_o the_o very_a small_a top_n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n or_o by_o lay_v but_o by_o seed_n be_v best_a though_o the_o young_a seedling_n be_v tender_a the_o seed_n may_v be_v sow_v at_o the_o time_n direct_v for_o the_o ash_n for_o it_o lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o it_o come_v up_o and_o then_o you_o must_v look_v to_o keep_v it_o well_o shade_a or_o else_o it_o will_v soon_o be_v go_v than_o you_o think_v for_o it_o natural_o love_v to_o grow_v on_o stiff_a ground_n where_o it_o will_v grow_v and_o bring_v great_a lop_v to_o the_o owner_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v but_o a_o very_a shell_n as_o indeed_o most_o old_a tree_n be_v hollow_a within_o which_o i_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n so_o to_o grow_v but_o the_o fault_n of_o those_o that_o look_v to_o they_o for_o they_o have_v too_o many_o master_n which_o be_v bad_a husband_n and_o no_o friend_n to_o this_o tree_n and_o many_o other_o as_o the_o elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n who_o let_v the_o lordship_n be_v great_a before_o they_o lop_v they_o perswade_v themselves_o that_o they_o have_v more_o great_a wood_n which_o be_v most_o useful_a never_o consider_v that_o great_a lop_v do_v endanger_v the_o life_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o at_o best_a wound_n it_o so_o much_o that_o many_o tree_n decay_v more_o yearly_a in_o their_o body_n than_o the_o yearly_a lop_v come_v to_o and_o so_o indeed_o they_o do_v provide_v themselves_o with_o more_o great_a wood_n though_o it_o be_v much_o to_o the_o owner_n loss_n though_o this_o tree_n will_v bear_v great_a lop_v when_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o shell_n of_o a_o tree_n stand_v yet_o the_o ash_n if_o once_o come_v to_o take_v wet_a much_o at_o the_o head_n it_o rare_o bear_v more_o lop_n after_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n decay_v therefore_o if_o once_o a_o tree_n decay_v much_o at_o the_o middle_n it_o will_v soon_o be_v little_a worth_n else_o but_o for_o the_o fire_n but_o in_o case_n you_o find_v a_o timber_n tree_n decay_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a down_o with_o it_o in_o time_n for_o fear_v you_o lose_v your_o timber_n and_o also_o the_o firewood_n be_v spoil_v but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v speak_v before_o and_o will_v also_o speak_v more_o can_v i_o with_o word_n but_o persuade_v man_n out_o of_o this_o great_a error_n but_o our_o ordinary_a husbandman_n will_v vindicate_v their_o countrey-husbandry_n to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o next_o for_o indeed_o country_n do_v differ_v much_o in_o the_o order_n of_o tree_n and_o hedge_n and_o they_o as_o much_o condemn_v we_o for_o it_o be_v as_o hard_a to_o persuade_v they_o out_o of_o their_o self-conceited_a opinion_n and_o tradition_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o jew_n turn_n christian_n this_o tree_n make_v the_o very_o best_a hedge_n of_o any_o tree_n we_o have_v in_o england_n that_o shed_v the_o leaf_n i_o mean_v for_o ornament_n for_o you_o may_v keep_v it_o in_o what_o form_n you_o please_v and_o it_o will_v grow_v very_o thick_a to_o the_o very_a ground_n therefore_o to_o make_v a_o private_a walk_n or_o to_o sense_n in_o avenue_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n without_o the_o bound-range_a of_o tree_n or_o walk_n or_o to_o hedge_v in_o riding_n causewayes_o or_o to_o make_v close_a walk_n or_o arbour_n this_o tree_n be_v much_o to_o be_v commend_v especial_o on_o such_o ground_n which_o it_o like_v you_o may_v be_v better_o satisfy_v about_o this_o tree_n at_o hampton-court_n in_o his_o majesty_n garden_n which_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o ingenious_a artist_n and_o my_o good_a friend_n mr._n tobias_n gatts_n it_o be_v good_a firewood_n and_o yield_v good_a increase_n both_o from_o stub_n and_o pollard_n it_o increase_v much_o by_o sow_v itself_o therefore_o you_o that_o love_v plant_n get_v a_o few_o into_o your_o plantation_n and_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v thrive_v with_o you_o or_o not_o which_o doubtless_o it_o will_v on_o many_o ground_n where_o now_o it_o be_v not_o and_o so_o will_v many_o other_o tree_n do_v mighty_a well_o in_o wood_n and_o coppice_n to_o thicken_v they_o and_o make_v they_o the_o more_o beautiful_a especial_o those_o that_o increase_n from_o the_o run_a root_n as_o the_o noble_a elm_n cherry_n sarvice_n abel_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o other_o for_o to_o seed_v if_o you_o have_v they_o not_o as_o ash_n sycamore_n line_n hornbeam_n maple_n quickbeam_n etc._n etc._n and_o with_o those_o which_o you_o see_v thrive_v best_o you_o may_v at_o every_o fall_v furnish_v your_o wood_n where_o they_o be_v thin_a and_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o it_o will_v pay_v you_o for_o your_o pain_n with_o interest_n chap._n xxii_o of_o raise_v the_o quickbeam_n the_o quickbeam_n whitchen_n or_o wild-ash_n though_o very_o scarce_o in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v pretty_a plentiful_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o north_n as_o in_o nottinghamshire_n etc._n etc._n and_o will_v be_v there_o more_o plentiful_a be_v it_o suffer_v to_o grow_v great_a to_o bear_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o seed_n for_o i_o think_v it_o increase_v as_o the_o ash_n do_v only_o from_o seed_n it_o produce_v straight_o small_a and_o long_o shoot_v which_o in_o that_o country_n they_o cut_v off_o while_o they_o be_v young_a to_o make_v goad_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o whip_n to_o drive_v their_o ox_n with_o for_o it_o be_v as_o tough_a a_o wood_n as_o most_o be_v i_o do_v guess_v the_o seed_n lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o i_o be_o now_o about_o try_v to_o raise_v some_o let_v i_o desire_v some_o kind_a planter_n to_o get_v some_o of_o this_o wood_n into_o their_o bound_n where_o it_o be_v not_o that_o it_o may_v be_v try_v whether_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o the_o south_n or_o not_o as_o no_o doubt_n but_o it_o will_v if_o you_o will_v but_o try_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o tree_n because_o i_o can_v yet_o speak_v much_o on_o my_o own_o knowledge_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o raise_v the_o birch_n this_o tree_n increase_v froom_n the_o root_n or_o sucker_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n for_o i_o do_v suppose_v there_o be_v seed_n in_o that_o which_o it_o shed_v in_o the_o spring_n though_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v it_o delight_v to_o grow_v on_o your_o hungry_a gravel_n as_o it_o 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and_o a_o mallet_n cut_v a_o slit_n almost_o as_o deep_a as_o the_o very_a pith_n under_o some_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o well-spreading_a birch_n cut_v it_o oblique_a and_o not_o long-waye_n insert_v a_o small_a stone_n or_o chip_n to_o keep_v the_o lip_n of_o the_o wound_v a_o little_a open_a fasten_v thereto_o a_o bottle_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a vessel_n appendant_a out_o of_o this_o aperture_n will_v extill_o a_o limphid_v and_o clear_a water_n retain_v a_o obscure_a smack_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o tree_n thus_o may_v you_o obtain_v this_o water_n i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n how_o to_o make_v it_o as_o
it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n say_v he_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o still_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_a and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winey_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spirituous_a drink_n which_o be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n instead_o of_o honey_n lib._n 1._o to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raison-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v for_o distemper_n in_o man_n it_o be_v good_a for_o cure_n of_o the_o ptysick_n most_o powerful_a for_o dissolve_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n and_o reins_o this_o liquor_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la this_o from_o the_o learned_a author_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o birch_n and_o now_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o raise_v the_o hazel_n of_o the_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o and_o some_o very_a good_a fruit_n as_o the_o red_a and_o white_a filberd_n the_o great_a french_a nut_n etc._n etc._n also_o your_o wild_a nut_n do_v differ_v much_o in_o shape_n and_o goodness_n my_o lord_n have_v once_o a_o quantity_n of_o very_a good_a sort_n send_v he_o from_o beyond_o sea_n they_o have_v a_o very_a tender_a shell_n therefore_o i_o take_v care_n to_o raise_v some_o of_o they_o and_o do_v several_a but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o our_o hedge-nut_n when_o they_o be_v ripe_a i_o need_v not_o tell_v you_o for_o every_o boy_n can_v order_v they_o all_o winter_n as_o you_o be_v advise_v to_o keep_v your_o walnut_n and_o sow_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o spring_n they_o will_v grow_v almost_o on_o any_o ground_n provide_v not_o too_o wet_a but_o best_a on_o your_o dry_a ground_n therefore_o set_v they_o on_o your_o high_a and_o dry_a bank_n between_o your_o fence_n but_o early_o in_o winter_n if_o they_o hold_v but_o the_o first_o year_n they_o will_v produce_v good_a stub_n you_o may_v increase_v they_o by_o sucker_n or_o lay_v but_o the_o best_a way_n be_v from_o their_o nut_n i_o will_v have_v you_o to_o benefit_n yourself_o by_o lay_v this_o and_o other_o wood_n in_o your_o wood_n that_o be_v thin_a of_o wood_n i_o dare_v assure_v you_o that_o for_o every_o shilling_n you_o lay_v out_o in_o this_o husbandry_n in_o a_o few_o year_n time_n every_o shilling_n shall_v be_v pay_v you_o yearly_o for_o many_o year_n after_o chap._n xxv_o of_o raise_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o popler_n there_o may_v be_v many_o sort_n of_o this_o wood_n but_o i_o know_v but_o four_o the_o best_a be_v that_o large_a white_a poplar_n a_o great_a leaf_n white_a on_o the_o low_a side_n it_o shoot_v with_o a_o strong_a whitish_a shoot_n which_o the_o dutch_a call_v abele_n the_o second_o be_v a_o sort_n much_o like_o to_o this_o both_o in_o leaf_n and_o shoot_v which_o grow_v in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o land_n and_o be_v in_o most_o place_n call_v 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and_o chap._n 6._o which_o teach_v how_o to_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o cut_n remember_v to_o keep_v they_o well_o fence_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side-shoots_a which_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o put_v out_o below_o the_o head_n and_o thin_a the_o head_n as_o you_o see_v it_o convenient_a leave_v not_o above_o six_o or_o eight_o for_o arm_n so_o do_v will_v make_v the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n swell_v and_o lie_v hold_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o better_a and_o as_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n of_o these_o and_o the_o follow_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o inquire_v after_o for_o i_o intend_v only_o to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o not_o to_o describe_v they_o and_o if_o you_o know_v how_o to_o raise_v some_o you_o may_v then_o soon_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v they_o all_o but_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n more_o which_o be_v call_v the_o smell_a willow_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o 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they_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n much_o and_o may_v be_v increase_v well_o by_o lay_v both_o which_o way_n you_o may_v thicken_v your_o wood_n very_o much_o but_o than_o you_o must_v keep_v out_o cattle_n especial_o all_o deer_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o above_o they_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o seed_n as_o the_o elm_n be_v some_o year_n for_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o all_o year_n good_a with_o we_o no_o more_o be_v the_o elm_n and_o line_n i_o have_v raise_v many_o of_o they_o of_o seed_n in_o the_o downy_a substance_n but_o they_o be_v so_o easy_o increase_v by_o cut_n and_o lay_v that_o you_o need_v not_o trouble_v yourself_o to_o raise_v they_o of_o seed_n it_o be_v as_o profitable_a a_o wood_n for_o under-wood_n in_o wood_n as_o any_o you_o can_v set_v in_o they_o for_o fire_n produce_v strong_a and_o great_a shoot_n therefore_o where_o you_o stock_n up_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n set_v two_o or_o three_o sallow_a truncheon_n with_o some_o other_o wood_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o run_v as_o elm_n cherry_n abele_n etc._n etc._n so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o thin_a wood_n make_v a_o thick_a good_a wood_n or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v moorish_a and_o will_v not_o yield_v good_a grass_n then_o plant_v as_o be_v before_o show_v of_o the_o water-pople_a and_o it_o will_v yield_v you_o quick_a and_o great_a profit_n if_o you_o will_v see_v more_o large_o of_o these_o sallowe_n etc._n etc._n see_v esquire_n evelyn_n 19_o the_o chapt._n he_o tell_v you_o you_o may_v graft_v fig_n and_o mulberry_n on_o they_o and_o that_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o the_o first_o be_v true_a you_o may_v graft_v on_o they_o but_o you_o have_v best_o try_v the_o other_o for_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o pliny_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o forbear_v of_o oziers_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n and_o be_v all_o raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o sallow_a they_o love_v a_o moist_a and_o more_o moorish_a ground_n than_o the_o sallow_a or_o willow_n the_o basket-maker_n know_v best_a the_o time_n to_o fell_v they_o which_o may_v be_v do_v any_o time_n in_o winter_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v well_o fence_v from_o cattle_n and_o thus_o i_o shall_v conclude_v of_o the_o aquatic_a tree_n only_o let_v i_o desire_v all_o those_o that_o have_v moorish_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o yield_v little_a profit_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o sure_a direction_n and_o i_o do_v engage_v you_o a_o great_a and_o certain_a profit_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n these_o stately_a tree_n want_v more_o respect_n with_o we_o than_o they_o have_v and_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n which_o make_v it_o so_o the_o first_o be_v ignorance_n in_o plant_v they_o and_o that_o be_v they_o miss_v the_o right_a time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o set_v they_o plant_v they_o when_o other_o tree_n be_v plant_v as_o from_o november_n to_o march_v which_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a time_n in_o the_o year_n but_o the_o best_a time_n to_o remove_v these_o or_o most_o sort_n of_o green_n be_v from_o mid_a march_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n or_o from_o mid_a august_n to_o the_o last_o which_o be_v the_o very_o best_a time_n unless_o for_o tender_a green_n and_o i_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v any_o of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n they_o love_v not_o dung_n but_o a_o fresh_a gravelly_a soil_n mix_v with_o loom_n also_o mind_n but_o the_o root_n and_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o that_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n must_v not_o be_v set_v too_o deep_a therefore_o take_v heed_n you_o commit_v not_o that_o fault_n to_o they_o for_o if_o you_o look_v into_o gerrard_n herbal_a with_o jonson_n addition_n to_o it_o pag._n 1364._o you_o be_v there_o inform_v by_o that_o laborious_a author_n that_o firre_v grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o rock_n in_o great_a plenty_n and_o also_o large_a tree_n in_o the_o cold_a country_n of_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o pine_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o cold_a country_n beyond_o denmark_n as_o in_o russia_n etc._n etc._n then_o certain_o they_o may_v and_o will_v grow_v here_o in_o england_n very_o well_o if_o you_o will_v but_o mind_n to_o set_v and_o preserve_v they_o then_o a_o second_o reason_n why_o man_n do_v raise_v but_o few_o of_o these_o and_o plant_v but_o few_o may_v be_v because_o they_o love_v they_o not_o and_o it_o be_v with_o other_o man_n because_o they_o many_o time_n die_v or_o do_v not_o grow_v well_o with_o they_o and_o this_o make_v they_o not_o fancy_v they_o but_o such_o man_n want_v good_a instruction_n and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v give_v they_o some_o that_o will_v make_v they_o again_o in_o charity_n with_o these_o fine_a tree_n but_o other_o there_o be_v that_o have_v ground_n and_o fit_a place_n to_o plant_v tree_n in_o but_o mind_v they_o not_o these_o man_n do_v not_o love_v tree_n no_o nor_o themselves_o nor_o their_o posterity_n the_o three_o great_a hindrance_n of_o plant_v these_o and_o other_o tree_n be_v there_o be_v many_o man_n that_o love_v plant_n and_o improve_n of_o tree_n but_o be_v hinder_v by_o not_o have_v ground_n of_o their_o own_o convenient_a to_o plant_v in_o and_o if_o they_o nurse_v up_o or_o plant_v tree_n for_o their_o landlord_n they_o many_o time_n meet_v with_o but_o small_a encouragement_n for_o so_o do_v for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o their_o farm_n before_o they_o come_v to_o perfection_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o be_v come_v to_o be_v fit_a to_o fell_v many_o time_n another_o man_n shall_v have_v they_o as_o cheap_a as_o he_o that_o nurse_v they_o up_o in_o
be_v write_v in_o this_o book_n chap._n xxx_o general_a rule_n for_o plant_v forrest-tree_n in_o avenue_n walk_n or_o orchard_n as_o in_o a_o natural_a ground_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n your_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v feed_v for_o many_o year_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o your_o common_a pasture-ground_n or_o the_o like_a such_o ground_n if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n good_a be_v the_o best_a the_o next_o be_v your_o meadow-ground_n and_o then_o your_o plough_v land_n if_o your_o land_n be_v of_o soil_n alike_o thus_o i_o prefer_v they_o several_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o this_o but_o i_o shall_v instance_n only_o in_o these_o few_o as_o namely_o your_o ground_n that_o be_v constant_o feed_v have_v likewise_o constant_o a_o supply_n of_o cattle_n dung_n and_o urine_n with_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n which_o add_v much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o likewise_o your_o pasture-ground_n though_o it_o abound_v with_o great_a variety_n of_o herb_n or_o grass_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o also_o your_o meadow-ground_n do_v yet_o your_o pasture-ground_n have_v not_o only_o a_o constant_a supply_n of_o soil_n by_o one_o sort_n of_o cattle_n or_o other_o but_o the_o grass_n which_o grow_v on_o it_o do_v seldom_o run_v to_o flower_n or_o seed_n which_o when_o they_o do_v they_o draw_v forth_o much_o more_o of_o the_o salt_n or_o spirit_n or_o strength_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o find_v the_o herb_n or_o grass_n on_o meadow-ground_n most_o common_o do_v therefore_o i_o judge_v your_o commons_o the_o best_a and_o both_o common_a field_n ground_n and_o meadow_n better_o than_o constant_a plough_v land_n for_o that_o be_v keep_v with_o plough_v to_o prevent_v what_o natural_o it_o will_v produce_v this_o make_v the_o ground_n the_o better_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o where_o your_o house_n stand_v or_o highway_n be_v there_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n or_o the_o life_n of_o plant_n not_o only_o because_o there_o be_v often_o some_o assistance_n of_o soil_n which_o i_o confess_v make_v it_o much_o rich_a but_o also_o because_o it_o can_v produce_v those_o plant_n which_o natural_o it_o will_v be_v it_o not_o restrain_v for_o still_o it_o receive_v a_o constant_a supply_n from_o nature_n and_o as_o the_o holy_a scripture_n say_v the_o almighty_a cause_v the_o sun_n to_o shine_v on_o the_o unjust_a as_o well_o as_o the_o just_a so_o also_o have_v the_o foresay_a earth_n the_o secret_a influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o unless_o accidental_o prevent_v but_o this_o by_o the_o way_n now_o as_o for_o your_o plough_v land_n it_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v much_o better_a for_o plough_v but_o this_o be_v sow_v with_o annual_a grain_n very_o much_o draw_v out_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o i_o judge_v that_o your_o annual_n be_v much_o more_o draw_v plant_n than_o those_o which_o will_v last_v several_a year_n it_o be_v in_o my_o judgement_n with_o your_o annual_a plant_n as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o man_n which_o hire_v a_o house_n for_o a_o year_n when_o his_o year_n be_v out_o he_o know_v he_o must_v remove_v clear_v the_o house_n especial_o of_o his_o own_o when_o as_o your_o durable_a vegetable_a like_o a_o man_n who_o house_n be_v his_o own_o be_v favourable_a to_o its_o situation_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o secret_a knowledge_n as_o i_o may_v say_v that_o there_o they_o and_o they_o may_v continue_v many_o year_n if_o this_o be_v understand_v i_o hope_v you_o then_o will_v say_v with_o i_o that_o your_o common_a pasture_n be_v best_a to_o plant_v on_o next_o to_o that_o meadow_n then_o plough_v land_n that_o be_v if_o all_o three_o be_v of_o equal_a goodness_n and_o soil_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o plant_v forrest-tree_n to_o make_v wood_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o naked_a place_n in_o wood_n where_o they_o want_v to_o tell_v some_o man_n of_o plant_v of_o wood_n be_v very_o needless_a for_o there_o be_v too_o many_o man_n more_o incline_v to_o stock_n up_o than_o to_o plant_v they_o but_o i_o suppose_v the_o great_a sort_n of_o man_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o best_a sort_n be_v more_o incline_v to_o preserve_v and_o plant_v than_o to_o destroy_v and_o stock_n they_o up_o to_o those_o than_o that_o love_n either_o their_o country_n or_o themselves_o or_o especial_o their_o posterity_n and_o have_v any_o kindness_n for_o stately_a forrest-tree_n do_v i_o give_v this_o advice_n first_o let_v the_o ground_n be_v of_o what_o soil_n soever_o be_v sure_a to_o plant_v most_o of_o such_o tree_n as_o will_v grow_v best_a on_o that_o soil_n as_o if_o it_o be_v gravel_n than_o beech_n holly_n hasel_n etc._n etc._n if_o mix_v with_o loom_n than_o oak_n ash_n or_o elm_n etc._n etc._n if_o stiff_a than_o ash_n hornbeam_n sycomore_n etc._n etc._n if_o a_o light_a loom_n than_o most_o sort_n and_o withal_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o adjacent_a tree_n and_o which_o sort_n soever_o you_o see_v thrive_v best_o be_v sure_a to_o furnish_v your_o ground_n with_o store_n of_o they_o second_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a then_o set_v in_o good_a store_n of_o the_o cut_n of_o alder_n willow_n sallow_a especial_o the_o two_o last_o on_o any_o ground_n for_o if_o there_o come_v a_o wet_a spring_n or_o a_o moist_a summer_n many_o of_o they_o will_v grow_v and_o produce_v good_a under-wood_n if_o set_v as_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o 26_o the_o or_o 27_o the_o chapter_n though_o the_o ground_n be_v dry_a and_o a_o gravel-bottom_a yet_o they_o will_v thrive_v and_o produce_v good_a shoot_n in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o i_o have_v find_v true_a at_o cashiobury_n etc._n etc._n three_o if_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o sow_v seed_n than_o you_o must_v prepare_v your_o ground_n with_o a_o good_a tillage_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o seed_n as_o much_o as_o you_o do_v for_o sow_v of_o barley_n and_o have_v all_o your_o seed_n ready_a prepare_v by_o be_v keep_v some_o time_n in_o a_o house_n till_o they_o be_v fit_a to_o spear_n or_o spear_v a_o little_a then_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o february_n sow_v they_o the_o particular_a chapter_n of_o each_o kind_a will_v tell_v you_o how_o long_o it_o be_v before_o they_o will_v spear_n if_o you_o plough_v your_o ground_n into_o great_a ridge_n it_o will_v make_v the_o earth_n lie_v the_o thick_a on_o the_o top_n of_o each_o ridge_n and_o there_o the_o root_n will_v have_v the_o more_o depth_n to_o search_v for_o nourishment_n and_o the_o furrow_n will_v in_o little_a time_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o leave_n which_o when_o rot_v will_v lead_v the_o root_n from_o one_o ridge_n to_o another_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o dry_a then_o plough_v your_o ridge_n cross_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o hill_n not_o to_o drain_v the_o water_n off_o but_o to_o keep_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o wet_a than_o the_o contrary_n but_o be_v mindful_a to_o sow_v most_o of_o those_o seed_n your_o ground_n be_v most_o natural_o for_o the_o most_o of_o these_o seed_n follow_v may_v be_v sow_v on_o your_o ground_n oak_n ash_n beech_n sycomore_n hornbeam_n crab_n or_o apple_n cherry_n walnut_n chestnut_n holly_n hasel-nut_n maple_n sarvice_n etc._n etc._n which_o of_o these_o you_o find_v be_v not_o natural_a for_o your_o ground_n neglect_v they_o some_o do_v sow_v their_o seed_n with_o a_o crop_n of_o barley_n but_o the_o season_n of_o sow_v of_o barley_n be_v too_o late_o for_o your_o seed_n if_o they_o be_v prepare_v beforehand_o but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v so_o save_v as_o to_o have_v a_o crop_n of_o that_o tillage_n then_o sow_v your_o seed_n with_o oat_n for_o they_o may_v be_v sow_v with_o the_o season_n of_o your_o seed_n do_v not_o sow_v your_o oat_n too_o thick_a and_o they_o may_v do_v well_o but_o the_o best_a way_n for_o your_o seed_n be_v to_o sow_v they_o without_o any_o crop_n of_o corn._n four_o if_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o have_v a_o wood_n soon_o then_o plant_v it_o with_o set_v and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o good_a natural_a ground_n for_o tree_n than_o you_o may_v make_v only_a hole_n two_o foot_n wide_a and_o as_o much_o deep_a and_o about_o half_a a_o rod_n asunder_o so_o there_o will_v be_v four_o hole_n in_o every_o rod_n square_a but_o for_o fear_v my_o reader_n shall_v be_v at_o a_o stand_v here_o and_o ask_v i_o how_o four_o tree_n may_v stand_v in_o a_o rod_n square_a or_o four_o hole_n make_v in_o a_o rod_n square_a and_o yet_o the_o middle_n be_v each_o half_n a_o rod_n or_o eight_o foot_n and_o ¼_n asunder_o i_o shall_v here_o satisfy_v he_o by_o example_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o a_o suppose_a piece_n of_o ground_n three_o rod_n square_a
be_v break_v and_o the_o tree_n old_a cut_v it_o off_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n but_o little_a bough_n close_o 12._o if_o a_o tree_n be_v blast_v in_o part_n or_o the_o whole_a head_n cut_v all_o that_o be_v blast_v or_o dead_a close_o off_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o take_v out_o all_o dead_a bough_n keep_v caterpillar_n from_o the_o head_n of_o young_a tree_n lest_o they_o eat_v off_o the_o leave_n and_o bud_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n 13._o take_v care_n to_o destroy_v mole_n and_o mouse_n by_o trap_n or_o poison_n for_o mole_n will_v make_v hollow_a the_o ground_n and_o much_o harm_n your_o young_a tree_n mouse_n will_v eat_v all_o the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o body_n in_o hard_a winter_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n but_o mind_v you_o in_o time_n to_o prevent_v they_o 14._o rook_n do_v destroy_v many_o a_o tree_n both_o old_a and_o young_a before_o their_o time_n as_o to_o old_a tree_n by_o pinch_v off_o the_o top_n and_o break_v off_o the_o bud_n and_o young_a tree_n by_o light_v on_o their_o head_n their_o weight_n break_v off_o their_o young_a tender_a shoot_n and_o bud_n cause_n the_o tree_n to_o die_v and_o also_o they_o destroy_v seedling_n where_o they_o breed_v their_o dung_n bring_v forth_o great_a weed_n as_o nettle_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o choke_v the_o young_a seedling_n therefore_o kill_v all_o of_o they_o you_o can_v at_o breeding-time_n by_o shoot_v they_o and_o set_v lime-twips_a on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o young_a tree_n you_o will_v thrive_v the_o better_a if_o you_o destroy_v they_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o felling_n and_o order_v wood_n and_o coppice_n if_o you_o love_v to_o have_v a_o thrive_a wood_n and_o to_o improve_v it_o for_o your_o best_a advantage_n your_o best_a way_n be_v not_o to_o let_v it_o stand_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v for_o the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o under-wood_n the_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v as_o at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n on_o a_o shallow_a ground_n and_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o year_n growth_n on_o your_o deep_a soil_n and_o best_a ground_n for_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n in_o let_v your_o wood_n stand_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v they_o or_o tree_n in_o wood_n that_o do_v not_o prosper_v first_o when_o you_o let_v your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n stand_v long_o before_o you_o fall_v they_o you_o can_v come_v to_o survey_v your_o timber-tree_n to_o see_v which_o be_v decay_v and_o in_o so_o do_v you_o be_v uncharitable_a to_o your_o country_n no_o good_a commonwealthsman's_a no_o good_a husband_n for_o yourself_o and_o no_o good_a christian_n for_o why_o shall_v any_o reasonable_a man_n let_v his_o tree_n stand_v in_o his_o wood_n or_o elsewhere_o with_o dead_a top_n hollow_a trunk_n limb_n fall_v down_o upon_o other_o and_o spoil_v they_o drop_v upon_o young_a seedling_n under_o it_o and_o kill_v they_o the_o ill_a husband_n while_o many_o of_o his_o neighbour_n want_n such_o timber_n nay_o possible_o he_o himself_o there_o he_o let_v his_o tree_n stand_v which_o be_v former_o worth_a 10_o or_o 5_o l._n a_o tree_n or_o more_o till_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o half_a that_o they_o be_v here_o he_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o money_n more_o than_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v a_o oak_n he_o lose_v the_o bark_n with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o it_o be_v likely_a several_a young_a tree_n may_v have_v be_v if_o that_o have_v be_v take_v down_o in_o time_n i_o know_v that_o some_o person_n of_o quality_n say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o ground_n but_o i_o think_v no_o great_a than_o it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o person_n to_o wear_v a_o garment_n very_o old_a with_o half_a a_o skirt_n a_o piece_n of_o a_o sleeve_n and_o all_o the_o trim_v off_o but_o i_o shall_v never_o pronounce_v such_o judgement_n against_o tree_n have_v ten_o time_n more_o mercy_n such_o as_o be_v thrive_v unless_o they_o stand_v too_o thick_a i_o will_v entreat_v you_o not_o to_o 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seed_n and_o then_o i_o will_v show_v you_o full_o what_o as_o yet_o i_o have_v but_o name_v o_o great_a jehovah_n thou_o i_o do_v adore_v thy_o work_n i_o do_v admire_v and_o thou_o implore_v so_o to_o assist_v i_o as_o that_o i_o may_v write_v with_o solomon_n wisdom_n that_o i_o may_v indite_v my_o few_o line_n so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v useful_a unto_o this_o land_n please_v to_o thou_o chap._n iu._n observation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o key_n and_o seed_n let_v your_o key_n be_v through-ripe_a or_o when_o you_o find_v they_o to_o begin_v to_o fall_v much_o which_o be_v a_o sure_a sign_n of_o any_o fruit_n or_o seed_n ripeness_n unless_o by_o accident_n gather_v they_o off_o some_o young_a straight_o thrive_a tree_n my_o reason_n of_o gather_v they_o from_o off_o a_o young_a thrive_a tree_n be_v then_o will_n your_o key_n or_o seed_n be_v the_o large_a and_o solider_fw-la therefore_o by_o consequence_n they_o be_v the_o able_a and_o likely_a to_o shoot_v the_o strong_a and_o to_o 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tree_n like_o do_v endeavour_v to_o produce_v its_o like_a though_o i_o know_v that_o by_o the_o situation_n or_o ground_n or_o graft_v of_o some_o sort_n of_o stock_n that_o by_o any_o of_o these_o the_o tree_n may_v and_o will_v alter_v something_o both_o in_o growth_n and_o largeness_n of_o fruit_n and_o early_o or_o the_o contrary_a but_o the_o species_n will_v be_v still_o the_o same_o to_o which_o i_o add_v good_a keep_n or_o dress_v of_o any_o tree_n do_v much_o improve_v its_o growth_n and_o largeness_n of_o fruit_n or_o seed_n now_o the_o seed_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o plant_n which_o be_v endow_v
alder_n water-poplers_a any_o sort_n of_o apple_n that_o have_v a_o black_a burry_n knot_n break_v out_o of_o the_o bough_n that_o knot_n if_o set_v a_o foot_n deep_a in_o good_a ground_n and_o the_o top_n a_o foot_n out_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v some_o sort_n of_o wilding_n codling_n genniting_n some_o sweeting_n the_o smile_a willow_n quince_n tamarisk_n laurel_n fir_n box_n etc._n etc._n the_o time_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v on_o for_o lay_v your_o layer_n be_v also_o the_o very_o best_a time_n for_o set_v of_o cut_n which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n to_o be_v in_o august_n for_o those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o hold_v their_o leave_n and_o october_n for_o those_o tree_n that_o cast_v their_o leave_n in_o winter_n those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o do_v grow_v of_o cut_n be_v common_a therefore_o you_o may_v take_v your_o choice_n the_o better_a for_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o cut_n which_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o let_v be_v from_o half_a a_o inch_n to_o one_o inch_n diameter_n if_o they_o be_v less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n than_o they_o will_v be_v weak_a with_o a_o great_a pith_n which_o pith_n will_v take_v wet_a and_o be_v likely_a to_o kill_v your_o cut_v and_o beside_o when_o your_o cut_n be_v so_o small_a they_o be_v not_o prepare_v with_o those_o pore_n as_o at_o present_a i_o name_v they_o that_o be_v little_a black_a speck_n on_o the_o bark_n where_o the_o root_n break_v out_o i_o suppose_v if_o set_v in_o the_o ground_n or_o else_o almighty_a god_n for_o a_o sign_n to_o show_v man_n that_o those_o that_o have_v that_o mark_v upon_o they_o will_v grow_v as_o your_o elder_n alder_a sallow_a water-poplers_a etc._n etc._n have_v and_o also_o if_o they_o be_v young_a they_o then_o have_v not_o that_o burry_n knot_n which_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o take_v root_n as_o your_o codling_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o apple_n have_v in_o hard_a wood_n the_o young_a the_o better_o but_o if_o they_o be_v great_a than_o one_o inch_n 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your_o hole_n large_a when_o you_o set_v they_o and_o ram_n or_o tread_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o keep_v they_o moist_a the_o first_o summer_n and_o let_v the_o slant_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n hang_v downward_o and_o if_o your_o cut_v be_v choice_n put_v a_o little_a soft_a wax_n on_o the_o head_n and_o foot_n to_o keep_v out_o air_n and_o wet_n when_o you_o set_v any_o tree_n or_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n or_o hedge_n be_v mindful_a to_o put_v in_o one_o or_o two_o cut_n with_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o time_n lose_v to_o do_v it_o but_o well_o spend_v as_o i_o have_v often_o prove_v chap_n vii_o of_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n and_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o as_o for_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n which_o may_v be_v raise_v only_o from_o part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n there_o be_v many_o but_o of_o those_o that_o i_o have_v make_v experience_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n give_v a_o account_n first_o let_v the_o tree_n be_v a_o thrive_a tree_n but_o not_o too_o young_a nor_o a_o old_a tree_n for_o if_o it_o be_v too_o young_a than_o the_o root_n will_v be_v too_o small_a for_o this_o purpose_n if_o too_o old_a it_o be_v possible_a the_o root_n may_v be_v a_o decay_a and_o then_o not_o fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n let_v the_o root_n be_v from_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n to_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n and_o from_o some_o young_a thrive_a tree_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o they_o the_o sap_n be_v plentiful_a and_o therefore_o will_v put_v forth_o the_o great_a shoot_n then_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n dig_v round_o the_o tree_n you_o intend_v to_o increase_v from_o till_o you_o find_v such_o root_n as_o before_o be_v mention_v and_o take_v your_o knife_n cut_v they_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n from_o the_o great_a root_n smooth_a at_o the_o place_n you_o cut_v off_o then_o raise_v up_o that_o end_n put_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o keep_v it_o up_o that_o when_o your_o ground_n be_v level_v again_o the_o end_n of_o this_o root_n so_o cut_v off_o may_v be_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n i_o do_v judge_n the_o foresaid_a time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o be_v the_o best_a for_o then_o the_o sun_n hasten_v to_o the_o vernal_a equinoctial_a or_o rather_o this_o star_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o libra_n the_o sun_n have_v heat_n and_o a_o strong_a draw_n faculty_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n draw_v by_o its_o secret_a influence_n on_o the_o several_a branch_n on_o the_o head_n and_o the_o head_n from_o the_o body_n and_o both_o head_n and_o body_n from_o the_o root_n and_o the_o root_n be_v furnish_v with_o sap_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o supply_v the_o body_n and_o the_o head_n be_v then_o the_o fit_a to_o produce_v with_o that_o sap_n a_o new_a tree_n likely_a than_o when_o it_o be_v in_o its_o full_a sap_n viz._n in_o summer_n for_o then_o the_o abundance_n of_o sap_n will_v rather_o choke_v a_o bud_n than_o produce_v one_o out_o of_o the_o root_n if_o the_o root_n be_v of_o such_o sort_n as_o will_v produce_v tree_n from_o part_n of_o the_o root_n and_o then_o the_o wether_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o suffocate_v a_o new_a bud_n that_o will_v be_v so_o full_a of_o sap_n as_o that_o will_v be_v if_o any_o and_o as_o to_o the_o open_n of_o the_o root_n at_o that_o season_n how_o unnatural_a it_o be_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n you_o may_v easy_o judge_n and_o then_o to_o do_v this_o in_o winter_n though_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a motion_n and_o ascend_v of_o the_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n unless_o accidental_o hinder_v by_o frost_n all_o the_o year_n long_o for_o nature_n be_v no_o sluggard_n yet_o to_o cut_v the_o root_n then_o and_o to_o expose_v they_o thus_o cut_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n which_o then_o usual_o be_v great_a the_o frost_n and_o wet_n pierce_v that_o new_a wound_n so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a to_o ruin_n than_o to_o increase_v its_o kind_a but_o if_o it_o do_v live_v the_o spring_n be_v the_o time_n when_o it_o will_v bud_v therefore_o by_o consequence_n the_o best_a my_o reason_n for_o cut_v the_o root_n two_o or_o three_o inch_n off_o from_o the_o great_a root_n be_v then_o that_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o many_o root_n at_o the_o end_n especial_o if_o smooth_v cut_v off_o and_o so_o the_o better_a for_o the_o tree_n from_o whence_o you_o take_v the_o root_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v by_o part_n of_o root_n the_o kind_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o raise_v be_v these_o that_o follow_v viz._n elm_n maple_n poplar_n aspen_n abete_n cherry_n crabtree_n plumb_n white_a bush_n serve_v etc._n etc._n chap._n viii_o what_o soil_n or_o dung_n be_v best_a for_o tree_n or_o their_o seed_n etc._n etc._n any_o sort_n of_o dung_n that_o be_v very_o hot_a of_o itself_o as_o pigeon_n hens-dung_n 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good_a for_o it_o will_v burn_v up_o your_o seed_n or_o plant_n this_o dung_n be_v too_o hot_a and_o quick_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o pigeon_n to_o eat_v salt_n and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o seaside_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o there_o to_o pick_v up_o salt_n which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v by_o dry_v up_o the_o salt_n water_n and_o then_o leave_v the_o salt_n upon_o the_o sand_n now_o this_o fowl_n feed_v so_o much_o upon_o salt_n the_o dung_n of_o it_o be_v hot_a and_o salt_a than_o any_o fowl_n i_o know_v now_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v good_a for_o cold_a land_n and_o withal_o to_o sow_v it_o early_o be_v these_o every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o salt_n that_o the_o dryer_n and_o hot_a it_o be_v keep_v the_o more_o it_o keep_v its_o own_o body_n and_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o water_n and_o when_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o cold_a and_o moist_a place_n it_o than_o dissolve_v in_o a_o little_a time_n 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they_o be_v never_o transplant_v before_o for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n to_o be_v give_v that_o the_o often_o you_o remove_v a_o tree_n the_o likely_a it_o be_v to_o grow_v when_o it_o be_v remove_v again_o provide_v it_o be_v not_o too_o great_a beside_o experience_n do_v plain_o show_v the_o same_o for_o i_o have_v often_o find_v that_o a_o walnut-tree_n set_v of_o a_o nut_n and_o never-removed_n in_o its_o minority_n but_o still_o keep_v his_o place_n of_o situation_n till_o it_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a that_o in_o remove_v such_o a_o tree_n you_o shall_v find_v near_o as_o much_o hazard_n in_o the_o grow_n of_o that_o tree_n as_o in_o remove_v a_o oak_n of_o the_o same_o stature_n provide_v the_o oak_n have_v have_v his_o abide_v in_o open_a air_n and_o not_o be_v tender_o nurse_v up_o in_o a_o wood_n for_o such_o tree_n let_v they_o be_v of_o what_o kind_n you_o will_v be_v nice_a to_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o their_o warm_a habitation_n but_o 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apple_n of_o paradise_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o dwarf-sweeting_n and_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n if_o walnut_n on_o a_o fine_a young_a walnut-tree_n bud_v it_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a this_o do_v not_o only_o alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o wild_a kind_a but_o it_o make_v the_o tree_n more_o natural_o bear_v fruit_n much_o soon_o and_o better_o if_o well_o order_v your_o pear_n plumb_n and_o peach_n will_v bear_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n after_o your_o apple_n and_o walnut_n in_o five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o i_o know_v my_o lord_n bacon_n tell_v you_o that_o peach_n come_v best_a of_o stone_n unbud_v but_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o bud_v all_o you_o raise_v of_o stone_n seed_n etc._n etc._n though_o it_o be_v to_o take_v a_o bud_n off_o from_o the_o same_o stock_n and_o to_o bud_v it_o on_o that_o as_o i_o have_v often_o do_v those_o that_o have_v great_a ground_n to_o look_v to_o and_o good_a ingenuity_n let_v they_o but_o put_v this_o in_o practice_n and_o i_o be_o confident_a they_o will_v find_v great_a satisfaction_n therein_o and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n raise_v many_o new_a sort_n of_o fruit_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o france_n they_o raise_v more_o variety_n of_o fruit_n and_o flower_n than_o we_o do_v be_v this_o there_o be_v many_o ingenious_a man_n in_o their_o monastery_n and_o there_o they_o be_v seat_v as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v there_o they_o raise_v many_o fine_a fruit_n and_o flower_n now_o if_o our_o noble_a man_n that_o take_v delight_n in_o garden_n as_o all_o that_o be_v ingenious_a do_v will_v provide_v themselves_o of_o good_a ingenious_a gardiner_n and_o allow_v they_o good_a encouragement_n with_o assurance_n of_o continue_v in_o their_o service_n so_o long_o as_o they_o carry_v themselves_o careful_o in_o their_o employ_v and_o be_v faithful_a in_o their_o place_n this_o will_v certain_o cause_v they_o to_o improve_v their_o place_n much_o for_o their_o master_n good_a and_o profit_n and_o their_o own_o credit_n or_o give_v they_o patent_n for_o their_o place_n as_o his_o majesty_n do_v to_o the_o gardiner_n he_o keep_v for_o which_o i_o hope_v none_o better_o serve_v a_o good_a cook_n can_v dress_v you_o several_a dish_n of_o meat_n very_o well_o in_o half_a a_o day_n and_o if_o one_o miscarry_v they_o can_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v another_o but_o the_o gardener_n must_v have_v several_a month_n or_o year_n to_o bring_v some_o thing_n to_o perfection_n and_o if_o he_o miscarry_v he_o can_v begin_v again_o when_o he_o will_v but_o he_o must_v wait_v his_o time_n with_o patience_n therefore_o he_o ought_v the_o more_o to_o be_v careful_a but_o for_o this_o digression_n i_o must_v crave_v your_o pardon_n and_o thus_o
plant_v they_o in_o your_o nursery_n as_o you_o be_v direct_v for_o walnut-tree_n there_o keep_v they_o with_o dig_v and_o prune_v till_o they_o be_v fit_a of_o stature_n to_o plant_v out_o they_o grow_v in_o good_a shape_n and_o last_v long_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a tree_n for_o walk_n it_o like_v best_a a_o strong_a ground_n but_o let_v it_o be_v good_a and_o there_o they_o will_v bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n and_o grow_v to_o be_v large_a fine_a tree_n they_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o sucker_n by_o which_o they_o be_v easy_o increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n but_o how_o to_o do_v that_o see_v chapt._n 7._o there_o you_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v how_o to_o raise_v they_o when_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a bud_v they_o they_o will_v bear_v soon_o more_o and_o better_o etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o cherrytree_n i_o know_v many_o will_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o rank_v this_o among_o forrest-tree_n but_o if_o such_o do_v but_o see_v the_o fine_a stately_a tree_n that_o we_o have_v grow_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o cashiobury_n they_o will_v then_o conclude_v it_o proper_a for_o wood_n and_o if_o for_o wood_n then_o for_o forest_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n they_o make_v a_o glorious_a show_n in_o the_o spring_n their_o white_a blossom_n show_v at_o a_o distance_n as_o though_o they_o be_v clothe_v with_o fine_a white_a linen_n their_o blossom_n be_v a_o great_a relief_n to_o the_o industrious_a bee_n at_o that_o season_n the_o way_n to_o raise_v and_o order_v they_o be_v as_o follow_v and_o first_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o raise_v they_o be_v of_o stone_n let_v your_o cherry_n be_v very_o ripe_a for_o the_o ripe_a your_o cherry_n be_v or_o any_o other_o fruit_n the_o plump_a and_o better_a be_v the_o kernel_n the_o time_n they_o be_v ripe_a be_v according_a to_o the_o kind_n but_o it_o be_v the_o black_a cherry_n which_o grow_v common_a in_o wood_n and_o hedge_n about_o cashiobury_n which_o be_v the_o tree_n fit_v for_o wood_n and_o therefore_o how_o to_o raise_v it_o i_o shall_v show_v though_o there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o these_o also_o for_o we_o have_v some_o full_a as_o large_a and_o good_a as_o the_o corowne_n and_o at_o a_o place_n call_v red-heath_n at_o one_o mr._n baldwin_n they_o have_v some_o sort_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o black_a orleans_n which_o be_v produce_v natural_o from_o the_o stone_n without_o bud_a or_o graft_v or_o any_o other_o help_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o indeed_o be_v very_o natural_a to_o they_o they_o be_v ripe_a in_o july_n and_o the_o large_a sort_n be_v ripe_a late_a the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n will_v give_v you_o notice_n of_o their_o time_n of_o be_v ripe_a by_o their_o visit_v they_o which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o messenger_n to_o awaken_v the_o industrious_a to_o take_v care_n in_o time_n to_o preserve_v they_o and_o to_o the_o careless_a man_n and_o sluggard_n to_o take_v that_o away_o from_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o take_v care_n of_o for_o as_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n say_v prov._n 20._o the_o sluggard_n will_v not_o plough_v by_o reason_n of_o cold_a therefore_o shall_v he_o beg_v in_o harvest_n so_o he_o that_o will_v not_o take_v care_n in_o time_n shall_v want_v when_o other_o have_v but_o we_o have_v such_o store_n that_o what_o the_o jackdaw_n jay_n mag-py_n etc._n etc._n eat_v they_o be_v not_o miss_v with_o we_o and_o though_o the_o fowl_n do_v begin_v to_o eat_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o turn_v blackish_a yet_o nature_n have_v tie_v they_o on_o so_o fast_o to_o the_o stalk_n that_o they_o can_v but_o take_v off_o part_n of_o the_o flesh_n and_o leave_v the_o stone_n and_o rest_n to_o feed_v the_o kernel_n for_o the_o wonderful_a wise_a god_n have_v order_v most_o sort_n of_o fruit_n so_o that_o some_o by_o their_o bitter_a sour_a or_o other_o taste_v be_v so_o well_o defend_v that_o neither_o bird_n nor_o beast_n will_v touch_v they_o till_o the_o kernel_n be_v ripe_a or_o near_o it_o and_o then_o the_o fleshy_a part_n and_o kernel_n also_o be_v please_v to_o their_o palate_n when_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a gather_v they_o and_o have_v the_o fleshy_a part_n eat_v off_o or_o take_v off_o by_o roll_v they_o in_o sand_n that_o be_v dry_a with_o some_o heavy_a plank_n upon_o they_o draw_v it_o too_o and_o again_o to_o take_v off_o the_o flesh_n when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v dry_v they_o for_o three_o or_o four_o day_n than_o put_v they_o into_o pretty_a moist_a sand_n and_o so_o keep_v they_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o february_n in_o house_n and_o then_o sow_v they_o in_o a_o bed_n of_o light_n gravelly_a mould_n if_o your_o bed_n be_v not_o natural_o so_o make_v it_o so_o keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n for_o two_o year_n and_o then_o you_o may_v plant_v they_o in_o wood_n coppice_n hedge-rowe_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o your_o nursery_n to_o raise_v other_o kind_n of_o or_o there_o to_o stand_v till_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o walk_n for_o where_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_a they_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o walk_n the_o ground_n they_o like_v be_v a_o dry_a soil_n the_o bottom_n gravel_n the_o surface_n mix_v with_o loom_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o on_o bed_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v take_v the_o flesh_n off_o and_o they_o will_v do_v very_o well_o and_o come_v up_o the_o spring_n follow_v and_o then_o you_o may_v plant_v they_o at_o two_o year_n shoot_v where_o you_o please_v but_o if_o you_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n before_o you_o sow_v they_o they_o will_v lie_v two_o winter_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o note_v this_o that_o all_o sort_n of_o stone-fruit_n will_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a the_o flesh_n take_v off_o and_o the_o stone_n a_o little_a dry_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o stone-fruit_n if_o well_o keep_v and_o sow_v or_o set_v in_o time_n will_v come_v up_o the_o spring_n after_o but_o if_o you_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n they_o then_o will_v stay_v till_o the_o second_o spring_n and_o sometime_o never_o come_v up_o at_o all_o at_o any_o time_n when_o you_o remove_v a_o young_a cherrytree_n you_o may_v prune_v off_o his_o head_n close_o if_o you_o please_v to_o one_o shoot_v for_o they_o natural_o grow_v taper_n and_o straight_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v help_v nature_n in_o raise_v of_o they_o that_o way_n see_v chap._n 7._o it_o be_v a_o good_a wood_n to_o plant_v in_o coppice_n for_o it_o produce_v a_o strong_a shoot_n and_o it_o be_v like_o the_o elm_n apt_a to_o put_v forth_o several_a young_a tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o other_o tree_n but_o especial_o if_o you_o fall_v a_o tree_n that_o be_v not_o too_o old_a and_o it_o be_v in_o a_o light_a ground_n for_o than_o it_o will_v bring_v many_o from_o the_o root_n of_o one_o tree_n and_o so_o thicken_v your_o wood_n much_o it_o produce_v great_a tree_n in_o a_o light_a ground_n that_o be_v the_o soil_v it_o like_v but_o in_o a_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n it_o be_v not_o so_o ready_a to_o grow_v nor_o bring_v such_o fine_a high_a taper-tree_n nor_o increase_v so_o from_o the_o root_n as_o it_o will_v on_o light_a ground_n once_o i_o measure_v a_o cherrytree_n in_o cashiobury_n wood-walk_a first_o by_o the_o quadrant_n and_o so_o i_o find_v it_o 85_o foot_n high_a but_o for_o more_o exactness_n be_v the_o tree_n lean_v by_o reason_n of_o another_o which_o be_v blow_v upon_o it_o by_o a_o high_a wind_n i_o see_v it_o measure_v by_o a_o line_n let_v from_o the_o top-shoot_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v 85_o foot_n five_o inch_n therefore_o i_o think_v such_o tree_n as_o this_o may_v well_o be_v account_v among_o forrest-tree_n when_o you_o transplant_v young_a cherry_n tree_n do_v not_o set_v they_o too_o deep_a nor_o indeed_o no_o other_o sort_n of_o tree_n but_o especial_o those_o that_o natural_o run_v shallow_a as_o all_o sort_n do_v that_o be_v subject_a to_o put_v forth_o young_a tree_n from_o their_o root_n such_o be_v the_o elm_n abele_n sarvice_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n this_o tree_n be_v want_v in_o several_a part_n of_o this_o land_n but_o you_o that_o want_v it_o i_o will_v counsel_v you_o to_o get_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o your_o ground_n be_v convenient_a for_o it_o chap._n xviii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o linetree_n this_o tree_n be_v call_v by_o most_o herbal_n the_o linetree_n or_o linden_n but_o
vulgar_o the_o limetree_n but_o call_v it_o which_o you_o please_v for_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o with_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n of_o this_o tree_n there_o be_v but_o two_o kind_n that_o i_o know_v one_o of_o which_o be_v the_o broad-leaved_n and_o this_o shoot_v with_o a_o strong_a shoot_n than_o the_o other_o the_o broad-leaved_n one_o be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o other_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n and_o several_z other_o of_o the_o broad-leaved_n line_n we_o have_v have_v of_o late_a year_n several_a tree_n from_o holland_n i_o have_v raise_v several_a hundred_o of_o seed_n of_o this_o sort_n the_o narrow-leaved_n line_n grow_v plentiful_o in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o land_n as_o in_o several_a of_o my_o lord_n wood_n in_o essex_n this_o latter_a be_v hard_a to_o remove_v with_o good_a success_n than_o the_o former_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o much_o use_v to_o be_v transplant_v therefore_o not_o so_o certain_a to_o grow_v as_o the_o great-leaved_n according_a to_o our_o old_a proverb_n use_n make_v perfectness_n some_o author_n tell_v you_o that_o they_o be_v male_a and_o female_a but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o plant_n for_o both_o these_o kind_n bear_n seed_n but_o it_o ripen_v not_o every_o year_n with_o we_o in_o england_n you_o may_v raise_v this_o fine_a tree_n by_o seed_n or_o by_o lay_v either_o way_n with_o great_a facility_n and_o great_a increase_n but_o of_o this_o as_o of_o all_o other_o tree_n to_o raise_v they_o of_o seed_n be_v the_o best_a way_n for_o my_o honourable_a lord_n and_o the_o honourable_a sir_n henry_n capel_n have_v see_v such_o difference_n between_o those_o raise_v of_o seed_n and_o those_o of_o layer_n that_o when_o they_o be_v tree_n of_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n growth_n they_o have_v often_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v raise_v from_o seed_n and_o which_o from_o a_o layer_n for_o that_o raise_v from_o seed_n much_o outgrowes_a the_o other_o and_o keep_v its_o taper-shape_n for_o several_a year_n after_o they_o be_v plant_v out_o in_o walk_n the_o taperness_n of_o the_o seed-tree_n make_v it_o grow_v as_o straight_o as_o a_o arrow_n but_o this_o i_o advise_v you_o that_o when_o you_o gather_v the_o seed_n you_o mind_n to_o gather_v it_o off_o from_o some_o of_o the_o broad-leaved_n line-tree_n and_o of_o those_o that_o shoot_v with_o a_o strong_a shoot_n but_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o the_o seed_n do_v not_o ripen_v every_o year_n with_o we_o but_o you_o may_v know_v that_o by_o crack_v the_o husk_n or_o shell_n of_o the_o seed_n for_o if_o the_o seed_n be_v good_a it_o will_v lie_v plump_a and_o full_a under_o the_o husk_n the_o body_n white_a if_o you_o bite_v it_o in_o two_o but_o if_o the_o year_n be_v not_o kind_a for_o the_o seed_n most_o of_o the_o husk_n or_o seed-vessel_n will_v have_v nothing_o but_o a_o little_a chaffy_a substance_n in_o they_o and_o some_o few_o will_v have_v some_o small_a lank_a 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to_o vindicate_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o it_o for_o walk_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o i_o do_v suppose_v with_o myself_o that_o whosoever_o be_v a_o lover_n of_o walk_n will_v not_o fell_v the_o timber-tree_n in_o a_o stately_a walk_n while_o the_o timber_n be_v in_o its_o prime_n for_o most_o tree_n will_v continue_v many_o year_n very_o ornamental_a after_o they_o be_v in_o their_o prime_n even_o while_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o no_o use_n but_o fire_n wood_n and_o why_o not_o the_o line_n then_o for_o walk_n as_o well_o as_o any_o sort_n of_o timber_n tree_n 2._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o well_o on_o different_a ground_n as_o any_o tree_n i_o know_v which_o be_v a_o considerable_a encouragement_n to_o the_o ingenious_a planter_n to_o see_v their_o labour_n prosper_v 3._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o great_a and_o as_o high_a if_o keep_v with_o prune_v up_o as_o most_o tree_n we_o have_v for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v borrow_v the_o word_n 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and_o cover_v they_o a_o little_a with_o the_o shoveling_n of_o some_o neighbour_a ditch_n in_o do_v thus_o you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o a_o good_a thrive_a wood_n in_o a_o little_a time_n though_o the_o ground_n you_o plant_v on_o be_v almost_o never_o so_o bad_a this_o i_o do_v suppose_v to_o be_v as_o good_a a_o way_n as_o most_o be_v for_o plant_v of_o wood_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o latin_a proverb_n serere_fw-la ne_fw-la dubites_fw-la doubt_v not_o to_o plant_v and_o i_o wish_v i_o can_v persuade_v nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o good_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n to_o plant_v it_o with_o wood_n especial_o in_o those_o country_n where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o i_o dare_v insure_v they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v to_o they_o or_o their_o successor_n a_o very_a great_a benefit_n and_o also_o a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o naked_a ground_n now_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v to_o give_v you_o a_o account_n 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one_o man_n to_o sy_n to_o they_o than_o there_o must_v be_v near_o one_o four_o part_n more_o for_o he_o which_o one_o fourth_z be_v 6_o s._n 8_o d._n four_o if_o we_o allow_v for_o every_o yard_n square_a in_o this_o half_a acre_n one_o good_a set_a beside_o truncheon_n of_o sallow_a and_o willow_n etc._n etc._n the_o number_n of_o yard_n in_o a_o superficial_a rod_n square_a be_v 30_o and_o ¼_n the_o number_n of_o superficial_a sq_n rod_n in_o one_o acre_n 160._o the_o number_n of_o sq_n yard_n in_o
to_o the_o ditch_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o side_n for_o example_n suppose_v you_o make_v your_o ditch_n a_o yard_n at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o spade_n or_o a_o yard_n deep_a let_v it_o slope_v so_o on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n but_o let_v the_o hedge-side_n slope_v the_o most_o then_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v green-sword_n and_o stiff_a land_n with_o a_o ture_a iron_n take_v all_o the_o turf_n off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o ditch_n then_o cut_v out_o a_o triangle-piece_n all_o along_o next_o the_o bank_n turn_z hat_z upsidet_fw-la down_n for_o to_o make_v the_o slope_n of_o your_o bank_n lay_v some_o of_o the_o turf_n you_o cut_v off_o or_o all_o of_o it_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o that_o triangle-piece_n thereon_o set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a cover_v the_o root_n with_o crumb_n of_o mould_n the_o ditch_n one_o yard_n and_o the_o bank_n a_o yard_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o figure_n 3._o where_o a._n be_v the_o triangle-piece_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n b._n the_o piece_n lay_v on_o the_o bank_n with_o the_o turf_n lay_v grass-side_n downward_o and_o the_o set_a on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o piece_n then_o level_v up_o the_o bank_n till_o it_o come_v level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o piece_n b._n and_o then_o lie_v on_o such_o another_o angular_a piece_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o a_o quickset_a as_o the_o other_o then_o level_v up_o as_o before_o and_o set_v another_o angular_a piece_n with_o the_o quick_a on_o the_o top_n so_o have_v you_o three_o row_v of_o quickset_a which_o let_v stand_v about_o one_o foot_n from_o another_o in_o each_o row_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n or_o the_o bank_n be_v dry_a set_v they_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o you_o will_v you_o may_v set_v one_o row_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o three_o row_v set_v each_o against_o other_o open_a triangle_n make_v a_o excellent_a fence_n if_o set_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a see_v fig._n 3_o and_o note_v that_o the_o high_a and_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o quick_a will_v grow_v for_o this_o paradox_n be_v true_a in_o plant_v that_o the_o more_o you_o spend_v the_o more_o you_o shall_v get_v but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o light_a soil_n than_o you_o need_v not_o take_v off_o the_o turf_n from_o the_o triangle-piece_n because_o the_o turf_n will_v make_v such_o ground_n hold_v up_o the_o bank_n the_o better_a but_o than_o it_o will_v grow_v out_o at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o will_v trouble_v you_o the_o more_o to_o weed_v your_o quick_a and_o beside_o you_o will_v want_v it_o to_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o bank_n which_o will_v feed_v your_o set_v much_o and_o make_v they_o grow_v the_o better_a but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o stant-hedge_n without_o a_o ditch_n the_o usual_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v a_o trench_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a therein_o set_v two_o or_o three_o row_v of_o quick_a which_o on_o good_a land_n may_v prove_v indifferent_a well_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v bad_a or_o that_o you_o will_v make_v it_o grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o on_o any_o land_n then_o dig_v a_o place_n where_o your_o hedge_n must_v stand_v one_o yard_n wide_a and_o make_v a_o bank_n with_o earth_n one_o yard_n high_a be_v one_o yard_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o narrow_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o top_n set_z two_o row_v of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n this_o bank_n as_o be_v show_v before_o about_o plant_v the_o bank_n by_o the_o ditch_n or_o you_o may_v make_v this_o bank_n two_o foot_n wide_o below_o and_o two_o foot_n high_a set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o one_o on_o the_o top_n as_o be_v before_o direct_v and_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o set_v will_n grow_v as_o be_v before_o note_v you_o may_v if_o your_o fence_n be_v near_o to_o a_o highway_n have_v earth_n sufficient_a from_o thence_o to_o make_v this_o bank_n which_o will_v be_v a_o little_a fence_n of_o it_o self_n and_o help_v the_o growth_n of_o your_o set_v much_o or_o you_o may_v slope_v off_o your_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a by_o this_o bank_n and_o some_o ten_o foot_n off_o come_v out_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o may_v you_o furnish_v yourself_o with_o earth_n to_o make_v the_o bank_n plough_v or_o dig_v up_o that_o ground_n where_o you_o take_v off_o the_o earth_n add_v a_o little_a dung_n to_o it_o which_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o the_o spring_n with_o corn_n or_o hay-seed_n and_o your_o ground_n in_o little_a time_n will_v be_v never_o the_o worse_o especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a thus_o have_v set_v your_o hedge_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o set_v within_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o keep_v they_o weed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v two_o year_n on_o good_a or_o three_o year_n on_o indifferent_a ground_n cut_v they_o off_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o there_o be_v some_o place_n too_o thin_a there_o lay_v down_o some_o into_o the_o gap_n and_o cover_v they_o and_o the_o rest_n over_o one_o inch_n with_o mould_n leave_v the_o end_v of_o the_o the_o layer_n out_o which_o will_v draw_v root_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n let_v his_o be_v practise_v at_o all_o time_n when_o you_o make_v or_o lay_v your_o hedge_n but_o note_n if_o your_o hedge_n be_v set_v with_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n that_o you_o leave_v one_o stand_v uncut_v up_o at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n or_o at_o every_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v your_o own_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hedge_n then_o may_v you_o so_o order_v they_o by_o prune_v or_o stake_n that_o one_o may_v lean_v into_o one_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o into_o another_o etc._n etc._n prune_n up_o these_o stock_n yearly_a till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o out_o of_o cattle_n reach_v and_o then_o graft_v they_o with_o red-strake_a jennit-moyl_a or_o what_o cider_n or_o other_o fruit_n you_o please_v but_o if_o your_o stock_n be_v of_o apple-kernel_n you_o may_v let_v they_o stand_v ungraft_v and_o they_o will_v yield_v you_o very_o good_a syder-fruit_n but_o stock_n ungraft_v will_v be_v the_o long_a before_o they_o bear_v and_o also_o when_o you_o graft_v you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o your_o kind_a but_o if_o you_o find_v a_o very_a natural_a stock_n that_o be_v likely_a by_o leaf_n shoot_v and_o bud_n try_v it_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v have_v a_o new_a fine_a fruit_n if_o you_o like_v it_o not_o you_o may_v graft_v it_o when_o you_o please_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o have_v shoot_v three_o or_o four_o year_n you_o may_v lay_v for_o to_o make_v a_o fence_n of_o itself_o for_o you_o must_v mind_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cattle_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v lay_v and_o one_o or_o two_o year_n after_o and_o now_o to_o lay_v it_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o few_o rule_n which_o may_v direct_v you_o when_o you_o lay_v any_o fence-hedge_n of_o what_o sort_n of_o wood_n soever_o it_o be_v first_o at_o every_o lay_v lay_v down_o some_o old_a plash_n or_o young_a one_o if_o your_o hedge_n be_v thin_a but_o let_v they_o point_v with_o their_o end_n to_o the_o ditch-side_n of_o the_o bank_n keep_v the_o end_v low_a on_o the_o bank_n they_o will_v the_o better_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n and_o keep_v up_o the_o earth_n of_o your_o bank_n second_o at_o every_o laying_z lay_v earth_n on_o your_o bank_n to_o heighten_v it_o and_o to_o cover_v your_o layer_n all_o but_o the_o end_n which_o earth_n will_v help_v your_o quick_a much_o and_o make_v the_o fence_n the_o better_a by_o heighten_v the_o bank_n and_o deepn_v your_o ditch_n three_o do_v not_o cut_v your_o plash_n too_o much_o but_o just_a so_o much_o as_o they_o may_v well_o bend_v down_o and_o do_v not_o lay_v they_o so_o upright_o as_o some_o of_o our_o workman_n do_v but_o lay_v they_o near_o to_o a_o level_n the_o sap_n will_v break_v out_o at_o several_a place_n the_o better_a and_o not_o run_v so_o much_o to_o the_o end_n as_o it_o will_v when_o they_o lie_v much_o slope_v if_o you_o have_v wood_n to_o spare_v cut_v up_o most_o of_o those_o that_o grow_v near_o the_o ditch_n but_o hang_v the_o bank_n then_o with_o bush_n to_o keep_v the_o cattle_n from_o crop_v they_o the_o first_o year_n these_o will_v shoot_v strong_a and_o secure_v your_o hedge_n well_o keep_v up_o the_o bank_n and_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n four_o
lay_v your_o hedge_n pretty_a thick_a turn_v the_o beard_n on_o the_o ditch-side_n but_o do_v not_o let_v the_o beard_n hang_v uncut_v as_o the_o common_a workman_n do_v though_o it_o do_v make_v a_o good_a show_n at_o first_o make_v but_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o straggle_a bough_n within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o hedge_n on_o both_o side_n then_o will_v it_o shoot_v strong_a at_o these_o place_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n much_o the_o more_o of_o this_o reason_n may_v inform_v you_o as_o it_o do_v i_o and_o experience_n will_v afterward_o confirm_v it_o five_o if_o you_o have_v get_v a_o good_a high_a bank_n make_v your_o hedge_n so_o low_a as_o you_o think_v it_o may_v but_o just_o serve_v for_o fence_v the_o first_o year_n for_o it_o will_v soon_o grow_v high_a and_o the_o low_a your_o hedge_n be_v make_v the_o quick_a will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o the_o bottom_n will_v be_v the_o thick_a but_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v out_o cattle_n from_o the_o field-side_n the_o first_o year_n after_o it_o be_v make_v six_o if_o you_o will_v have_v a_o good_a hedge_n for_o fence_n you_o must_v fell_v it_o often_o do_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o take_v care_n at_o every_o fell_n to_o root_n out_o elder_a traveller_n joy_n that_o be_v bull-bine_a as_o some_o call_v it_o briany_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o leave_v not_o too_o many_o high_a standard-tree_n or_o pollard_n in_o it_o the_o elm_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a do_v not_o use_v too_o much_o dead_a wood_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n for_o that_o choke_v your_o quick_a but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o gap_n make_v your_o dead_a hedge_n at_o a_o distance_n much_o more_o i_o can_v say_v of_o hedge_n but_o i_o forbear_v only_o i_o can_v pass_v by_o the_o learned_a esquire_n good_a advice_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 50._o which_o be_v this_o i_o do_v only_o wish_v upon_o the_o prospect_n and_o meditation_n of_o the_o universal_a benefit_n that_o every_o person_n whatsoever_o worth_a ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la within_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v by_o some_o indispensable_a statute_n oblige_v to_o plant_v his_o hedge-rowe_n with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o useful_a kind_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o such_o place_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o more_o inland_a county_n thus_o far_o the_o learned_a author_n to_o which_o i_o add_v that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o plant_v so_o many_o tree_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o number_n plant_v they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o plant_v ten_o crab-stock_n for_o the_o want_n of_o one_o tree_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v but_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o we_o as_o it_o in_o hereford-shire_n and_o once_o grow_v to_o a_o custom_n we_o shall_v in_o few_o year_n banish_v out_o foreign_a drink_n by_o this_o our_o excellent_a and_o most_o wholesome_a one_o beside_o our_o tree_n in_o shallow_a ground_n will_v thrive_v better_o in_o bank_n of_o hedge-rowe_n than_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ground_n again_o say_v he_o undoubted_o if_o this_o course_n be_v effectual_o take_v a_o very_a considerable_a part_n both_o of_o meat_n and_o drink_v which_o be_v spend_v in_o our_o prejudice_n may_v be_v save_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n even_o out_o of_o the_o hedge_n which_o will_v afford_v they_o not_o only_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o delicious_a fruit_n but_o such_o abundance_n of_o cider_n and_o perry_n as_o shall_v suffice_v they_o to_o drink_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o excellent_a beaverage_n in_o the_o world_n old_a gerrard_n do_v long_o since_o allege_v we_o a_o example_n worthy_a to_o be_v pursue_v i_o have_v see_v say_v he_o speak_v of_o appletree_n lib._n 3._o ch_n 101._o in_o the_o pasture_n and_o hedge-rowe_n about_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o worshipful_a gentleman_n dwell_v two_o mile_n from_o hereford_n call_v mr._n roger_n bodnome_n so_o many_o fruit-tree_n of_o all_o sort_n that_o the_o servant_n drink_v for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o other_o drink_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o apple_n the_o quantity_n be_v such_o that_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o gentleman_n himself_o the_o parson_n have_v for_o tithe_n many_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n a_o example_n doubtless_o to_o be_v follow_v of_o gentleman_n that_o have_v land_n but_o envy_n say_v the_o poor_a will_v break_v down_o our_o hedge_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n however_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o go_v forward_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n graft_n set_v plant_v and_o nourish_v up_o tree_n every_o corner_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o labour_n be_v small_a the_o cost_n be_v nothing_o the_o commodity_n be_v great_a yourselves_o shall_v have_v plenty_n the_o poor_a shall_v have_v somewhat_o in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o god_n shall_v reward_v your_o mind_n and_o diligence_n thus_o far_o honest_a gerard._n and_o in_o truth_n with_o how_o small_a charge_n and_o with_o how_o great_a pleasure_n this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v every_o one_o that_o be_v patron_n of_o a_o little_a nursery_n can_v easy_o calculate_v but_o by_o this_o expedient_a many_o thousand_o of_o acre_n sow_v now_o with_o barley_n may_v be_v cultivate_v for_o wheat_n or_o convert_v into_o pasture_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o corn_n and_o cattle_n beside_o the_o timber_n which_o the_o pear-tree_n do_v afford_v comparable_a for_o divers_a curious_a use_n with_o most_o this_o also_o will_v make_v timber_n the_o more_o plentiful_a the_o decay_a tree_n and_o prune_a will_v be_v good_a firewood_n one_o thing_n more_o i_o do_v wish_n be_v practise_v in_o our_o hedge_n and_o those_o fine_v severe_o that_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o viz._n that_o there_o shall_v not_o a_o oak_n in_o any_o hedge_n whatsoever_o be_v head_v but_o that_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o shred_v they_o up_o as_o some_o do_v elm_n though_o not_o to_o stock_n or_o fall_v they_o till_o such_o a_o age_n in_o such_o bank_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o best_a timber_n and_o enrich_v the_o owner_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o plant_v several_a sort_n of_o forrest-tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o ground_n as_o orchard_n or_o the_o like_a suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n or_o more_o with_o walnut_n or_o chestnut_n or_o the_o like_a and_o will_v have_v it_o plant_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n that_o be_v to_o have_v your_o tree_n stand_v in_o good_a order_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o to_o have_v as_o many_o tree_n as_o convenient_o you_o can_v in_o your_o ground_n which_o be_v suppose_v all_o man_n will_v have_v and_o yet_o your_o tree_n to_o stand_v at_o convenient_a distance_n now_o i_o say_v suppose_v your_o ground_n to_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o a_o geometrical_a square_n in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o may_v begin_v your_o first_o row_n on_o which_o side_n you_o please_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n for_o the_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v you_o must_v first_o resolve_v what_o distance_n your_o tree_n have_v best_o be_v plant_v at_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a ground_n than_o you_o may_v plant_v your_o tree_n at_o somewhat_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o most_o tree_n delight_v in_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o particular_a chapter_n speak_v of_o each_o kind_a your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o plant_v they_o triangular_a and_o not_o square_a as_o some_o do_v for_o you_o can_v plant_v they_o in_o no_o form_n or_o order_v whatsoever_o to_o be_v more_o please_v to_o the_o most_o noble_a sense_n than_o to_o have_v every_o three_o tree_n to_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n nor_o in_o no_o other_o way_n whatsoever_o to_o have_v so_o many_o tree_n to_o stand_v in_o such_o or_o any_o piece_n of_o ground_n whatsoever_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n for_o satisfaction_n and_o likewise_o to_o demonstrate_v it_o more_o full_o observe_v these_o two_o follow_a figure_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a piece_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o be_v a_o geometrical_a square_n but_o before_o i_o show_v you_o a_o draft_n or_o you_o stake_n out_o your_o ground_n for_o your_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v first_o consider_v well_o these_o few_o rule_n first_o observe_v the_o distance_n that_o your_o tree_n ought_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o always_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n that_o then_o your_o tree_n will_v hold_v the_o long_o and_o by_o consequence_n grow_v to_o the_o great_a perfection_n therefore_o plant_v at_o large_a distance_n as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o be_v to_o plant_v this_o acre_n of_o ground_n with_o syder-apple_n as_o for_o instance_n all_o redstrakes_a which_o be_v a_o excellent_a syder-apple_n and_o be_v likewise_o
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also_o consider_v the_o thickness_n of_o your_o stake_n thence_o let_v your_o two_o man_n go_v to_o the_o next_o and_o you_o set_v down_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o the_o whole_a ground_n this_o do_v when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v your_o chain_n strain_v both_o side_n alike_o and_o to_o allow_v for_o the_o crookedness_n of_o your_o tree_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v two_o row_v plant_v than_o your_o eye_n will_v assist_v you_o well_o enough_o to_o observe_v the_o row_v as_o you_o go_v on_o note_v also_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a and_o a_o square_a than_o your_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o find_v the_o middle_a row_n and_o set_v that_o off_o square_a from_o that_o side_n of_o your_o ground_n you_o mind_v most_o or_o find_v to_o be_v straight_a there_o begin_v to_o mark_v out_o your_o hole_n and_o also_o to_o plant_v your_o tree_n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v irregular_a or_o have_v a_o angle_n on_o one_o side_n then_o begin_v on_o your_o straight_a side_n and_o run_v the_o odd_a measure_n into_o the_o angle_n as_o far_o as_o be_v convenient_a to_o plant_v in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o need_v but_o find_v what_o distance_n your_o first_o row_n must_v be_v set_v at_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n have_v both_o the_o side_n straight_o than_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o set_v the_o side-rowe_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o your_o fence_n thus_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v but_o measure_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o proportion_n one_o to_o the_o distance_n your_o tree_n be_v to_o stand_v at_o the_o other_o to_o the_o distance_n the_o row_v be_v to_o be_v asunder_o and_o you_o may_v proceed_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n after_o this_o method_n you_o may_v plant_v any_o sort_n of_o forrest_n tree_n in_o grove_n the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n before_o you_o plant_v a_o tree_n or_o make_v one_o hole_n by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v well_o perceive_v where_o a_o fault_n be_v and_o easy_o mend_v it_o in_o time_n though_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n otherwise_o but_o i_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o judgement_n and_o satisfy_v myself_o with_o experience_n and_o reason_n but_o for_o fear_v any_o thing_n shall_v be_v dubious_a to_o you_o that_o i_o have_v write_v observe_v but_o the_o set_n out_o of_o these_o two_o row_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v plain_o demonstrate_v to_o you_o how_o to_o proceed_v suppose_v the_o length_n of_o your_o ground_n shall_v be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n mark_v at_o the_o end_n thus_o see_v figure_n 7._o have_v stake_v out_o your_o first_o row_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o have_v the_o chain_n exact_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o open_n then_o bid_v one_o of_o your_o man_n take_v one_o end_v and_o the_o other_o man_n the_o other_o end_v you_o hold_v exact_o the_o middle_a bid_v one_o hold_n at_o the_o stake_n one_o the_o other_o at_o the_o stake_n two_o then_o pitch_v you_o down_o your_o stake_n right_o at_o the_o angles_n as_o the_o prick_a line_n show_v so_o let_v your_o two_o man_n remove_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_n and_o you_o from_o angle_n to_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o row_n and_o then_o let_v they_o come_v to_o that_o row_n you_o last_o set_v out_o and_o go_v on_o to_o another_o so_o proceed_v till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n thus_o much_o for_o plant_v tree_n in_o orchard_n fashion_n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a to_o
show_v the_o best_a way_n for_o improve_n your_o ground_n presume_v that_o every_o man_n that_o fence_v in_o a_o ground_n will_v plant_v as_o many_o tree_n as_o he_o can_v in_o it_o let_v such_o but_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v deliver_v and_o what_o i_o shall_v deliver_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o he_o if_o it_o be_v it_o will_v be_v the_o like_a to_o i_o but_o what_o order_n soever_o you_o plant_v your_o tree_n in_o make_v your_o hole_n good_a before_o set_v not_o your_o tree_n too_o deep_a and_o keep_v they_o stake_v the_o first_o year_n cover_v the_o ground_n over_o the_o root_n with_o some_o litter_n or_o dung_n and_o over_o that_o a_o little_a mould_n to_o keep_v the_o sun_n from_o burn_v the_o dung_n and_o exhaust_v the_o strength_n in_o the_o spring_n walk_v over_o the_o ground_n you_o plant_v in_o winter_n and_o set_v your_o tree_n to_o right_a and_o tread_v the_o mould_n to_o the_o root_n especial_o if_o the_o spring_n be_v dry_a keep_v all_o the_o crack_v fill_v with_o mould_n after_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v keep_v your_o ground_n with_o dig_v or_o plough_v for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n at_o first_o but_o the_o long_o the_o better_o your_o tree_n will_v run_v and_o thrive_v in_o the_o loose_a ground_n much_o but_o if_o you_o do_v not_o so_o much_o mind_n order_n in_o plant_v but_o will_v keep_v your_o land_n for_o corn_n and_o yet_o will_v glad_o have_v fruit-tree_n too_o which_o may_v very_o well_o be_v and_o you_o may_v have_v good_a store_n of_o fruit_n and_o not_o much_o the_o less_o corn_n then_o plant_v your_o row_v about_o thirty_o foot_n asunder_o the_o long_a way_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o set_v the_o tree_n in_o the_o row_v about_o 15_o foot_n asunder_o and_o let_v the_o tree_n in_o each_o row_n stand_v exact_o square_a so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o very_a fine_a orchard_n and_o little_a or_o nothing_o the_o less_o corn_n many_o year_n may_v you_o have_v as_o much_o fruit_n as_o be_v worth_a a_o good_a crop_n of_o corn_n off_o so_o much_o land_n and_o not_o the_o less_o corn_n which_o may_v well_o encourage_v you_o to_o plant_v if_o you_o dare_v believe_v i_o but_o if_o not_o be_v but_o so_o kind_a to_o yourself_o and_o i_o as_o to_o try_v whether_o i_o tell_v truth_n not_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v cow_n out_o of_o your_o young_a orchard_n sheep_n will_v do_v no_o harm_n provide_v you_o wisp_n your_o tree_n about_o with_o thum-band_n while_o young_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o destructive_a hare_n and_o coney_n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o prune_v tree_n some_o general_a observation_n although_o i_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o prune_v most_o sort_n of_o tree_n in_o each_o chapter_n where_o i_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o yet_o i_o shall_v say_v a_o little_a more_o and_o all_o will_v be_v too_o little_a for_o the_o curate_n of_o henonville_n tell_v you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o rare_a among_o gardener_n to_o prune_n tree_n well_o for_o the_o do_v of_o it_o well_o depend_v more_o upon_o their_o ingenuity_n than_o upon_o their_o hand_n it_o be_v also_o very_o hard_o to_o give_v instruction_n for_o it_o because_o it_o consist_v not_o in_o certain_a and_o general_a maxim_n but_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o each_o tree_n so_o that_o it_o depend_v absolute_o upon_o the_o gardener_n prudence_n who_o ought_v of_o himself_o to_o judge_v what_o branch_n must_v be_v leave_v and_o which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v cut_v away_o etc._n etc._n indeed_o that_o erroneous_a custom_n and_o say_v which_o be_v among_o most_o man_n of_o timber-tree_n not_o to_o prune_v they_o at_o all_o or_o if_o you_o do_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o bough_n at_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n have_v make_v many_o a_o good_a fruit-tree_n lose_v its_o life_n soon_o by_o many_o year_n than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o also_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o owner_n much_o less_o and_o worse_a fruit_n than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v therefore_o whatsoever_o bough_n you_o cut_v off_o from_o fruit_n or_o forrest-tree_n cut_v it_o close_o and_o smooth_a and_o the_o low_a side_n close_a then_o will_v it_o not_o hold_v water_n and_o every_o year_n the_o bark_n will_v surround_v and_o overgrow_v the_o wound_n by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o it_o have_v quite_o heal_v the_o place_n but_o if_o you_o leave_v a_o stump_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o will_v hold_v water_n and_o make_v a_o hole_n into_o the_o very_a body_n of_o your_o tree_n and_o so_o in_o little_a time_n make_v it_o sick_a and_o kill_v it_o which_o before_o will_v bear_v you_o but_o little_a and_o poor_a fruit_n or_o if_o the_o stump_n hang_v down_o so_o that_o it_o do_v not_o hold_v wet_a than_o the_o tree_n must_v be_v as_o big_a as_o that_o stump_n be_v long_o on_o all_o side_n before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v that_o place_n or_o if_o the_o stump_n rot_v and_o break_v off_o than_o many_o time_n it_o leave_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o tree_n which_o if_o it_o tend_v much_o upward_a so_o that_o it_o take_v water_n it_o certain_o kill_v the_o tree_n and_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v not_o a_o very_a thrive_a tree_n it_o will_v be_v very_o long_o before_o it_o overgrowes_a that_o hole_n though_o it_o do_v not_o take_v wet_a therefore_o what_o bough_n you_o cut_v off_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o unless_o the_o tree_n be_v very_o old_a and_o the_o bough_n great_a such_o i_o do_v not_o advise_v you_o to_o meddle_v with_o but_o if_o you_o do_v cut_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n always_o remember_v to_o let_v the_o wound_n be_v smooth_a and_o to_o tend_v as_o much_o from_o the_o horizon_n as_o may_v be_v all_o bough_n that_o grow_v upright_o be_v they_o great_a or_o little_a cut_v they_o not_o right_o cross_v over_o but_o cut_v they_o slope_v upward_o and_o let_v the_o slope_n aspect_n the_o south_n east_n or_o west_n if_o it_o may_v be_v and_o in_o those_o bough_n that_o lean_a from_o the_o head_n cut_v the_o slope_n on_o the_o low_a side_n the_o slope_n tend_v downward_o so_o will_v they_o cover_v over_o the_o better_a if_o the_o wound_n be_v great_a cover_n it_o over_o with_o some_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o horse-dung_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o weather_n and_o it_o will_v cover_v over_o the_o soon_o many_o a_o good_a tree_n be_v spoil_v by_o graft_v of_o it_o in_o bad_a place_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o some_o hundred_o of_o which_o i_o have_v not_o spare_v as_o oft_o as_o i_o can_v to_o tell_v the_o owner_n but_o few_o will_v believe_v i_o for_o sometime_o they_o cut_v off_o great_a bough_n till_o they_o come_v to_o 6_o inch_n or_o thereabouts_o diameter_n there_o they_o put_v in_o four_o or_o six_o graft_n in_o the_o bark_n and_o sometime_o two_o in_o the_o clift_n and_o see_v the_o bough_n right_o cross_v over_o though_o it_o grow_v upright_o in_o which_o if_o the_o graft_n do_v grow_v the_o head_n be_v so_o great_a and_o they_o grow_v round_o as_o it_o be_v endeavour_v to_o cover_v over_o the_o wound_n make_v such_o a_o hollow_a place_n like_o a_o dish_n on_o the_o head_n as_o holds_z water_n and_o kill_v the_o tree_n which_o be_v many_o time_n dead_a before_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v over_o the_o head_n or_o if_o the_o tree_n do_v not_o thrive_v very_o well_o they_o keep_v that_o place_n will_v cover_v with_o loom_n or_o clay_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o sometime_o they_o head_n the_o tree_n very_o low_a and_o thereby_o check_v it_o so_o much_o that_o it_o die_v in_o little_a time_n after_o sometime_o they_o cut_v off_o such_o great_a bough_n and_o do_v it_o so_o ill_a that_o though_o the_o head_n grow_v yet_o in_o little_a time_n these_o wound_n kill_v the_o tree_n though_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o teach_v you_o how_o to_o graft_v yet_o let_v i_o advise_v you_o when_o you_o graft_v high_a great_a tree_n not_o to_o cut_v they_o too_o low_o but_o to_o prune_v they_o up_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o your_o arm_n or_o less_o and_o then_o graft_v they_o for_o than_o will_v the_o graft_n soon_o overgrow_v such_o place_n leave_v a_o good_a many_o of_o these_o head_n on_o according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o tree_n that_o if_o some_o miss_v you_o may_v take_v they_o off_o the_o next_o spring_n and_o yet_o have_v enough_o for_o the_o head_n if_o you_o graft_v in_o the_o bark_n you_o must_v remember_v to_o head_n your_o graft_n about_o midsummer_n or_o else_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o blow_v off_o put_v your_o graft_n in_o always_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n
as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o spring-shoot_a be_v over_o which_o be_v near_a midsummer_n and_o take_v out_o some_o great_a bough_n then_o if_o you_o mind_v your_o time_n and_o do_v it_o with_o discretion_n you_o may_v force_v that_o tree_n to_o put_v forth_o blow_v bud_n and_o blow_n and_o bear_v the_o year_n follow_v thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o some_o way_n and_o hint_n of_o prune_a tree_n though_o i_o know_v some_o that_o be_v against_o prune_v they_o at_o all_o so_o be_v there_o some_o that_o be_v against_o learning_n but_o it_o be_v convenient_a for_o tree_n to_o be_v prune_v well_o as_o also_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o man_n to_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o learning_n for_o thereby_o both_o produce_v much_o the_o better_a fruit_n therefore_o be_v go_v from_o hence_o thou_o knotty-natured_a turk_n there_o be_v nought_o design_v for_o thou_o within_o this_o work_n this_o be_v for_o christian_n make_v and_o such_o as_o be_v lover_n of_o tree_n and_o ingenuity_n this_o be_v intend_v only_o for_o the_o wise_a and_o none_o but_o ignorant_n will_v it_o despise_v let_v fool_n laugh_v on_o and_o wise_a man_n plant_v as_o fast_o and_o see_v who_o will_v have_v the_o better_o on_o it_o at_o last_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o what_o the_o good_a esquire_n say_v in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 74._o which_o he_o quote_v from_o a_o ancient_a author_n it_o be_v a_o misery_n say_v he_o to_o see_v how_o our_o fair_a tree_n be_v deface_v by_o unskilful_a woodman_n and_o mischievous_a borderer_n who_o go_v always_o arm_v with_o short_a hand-bill_n hack_v and_o chap_a off_o all_o that_o come_v in_o their_o way_n by_o which_o our_o tree_n be_v make_v full_a of_o knot_n boil_n and_o canker_n to_o their_o utter_a destruction_n good_a husband_n shall_v be_v ashamed_a of_o it_o as_o much_o to_o be_v reprehend_v be_v those_o who_o either_o begin_v this_o work_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n or_o so_o maim_v the_o poor_a branch_n that_o either_o out_o of_o laziness_n or_o want_n of_o skill_n they_o leave_v most_o of_o they_o stub_n and_o instead_o of_o cut_v the_o arm_n and_o branch_n close_o to_o the_o boll_n back_o they_o off_o a_o foot_n or_o two_o from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o become_v â—hâ—low_n and_o rot_a and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o conduit_n to_o receive_v rain_n and_o the_o weather_n which_o perish_v they_o to_o the_o very_a head_n deform_v the_o whole_a tree_n with_o many_o ugly_a botch_n which_o shorten_v its_o life_n and_o utter_o mar_v the_o tree_n by_o this_o animadversion_n alone_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o a_o ingenious_a man_n to_o understand_v how_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v which_o be_v in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o by_o cut_v clean_a smooth_a and_o close_a make_v the_o stroke_n upward_o and_o with_o a_o sharp_a chisel_n or_o bill_n so_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o untractable_a bough_n do_v not_o splice_n and_o carry_v the_o bark_n with_o it_o which_o be_v both_o dangerous_a and_o unsightly_a and_o by_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v the_o tree_n taper_n by_o leave_v some_o little_a bough_n on_o the_o side_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o how_o to_o prune_v forrest-tree_n with_o somewhat_o of_o high_a standard_n fruit-tree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v see_v more_o book_n then_o see_v esquire_n evelyn_n discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n and_o for_o fruit-tree_n the_o curate_n of_o henonville_n book_n but_o here_o note_v if_o you_o shall_v have_v any_o tree_n that_o shall_v be_v stundied_a or_o very_o crooked_a or_o much_o crop_v by_o cattle_n the_o best_a way_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v to_o prune_v up_o such_o tree_n to_o a_o head_n but_o first_o to_o fall_v they_o close_o at_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o they_o will_v put_v forth_o young_a straight_o shoot_v one_o of_o the_o best_a you_o must_v nurse_v up_o if_o you_o intend_v it_o for_o a_o timber-tree_n if_o for_o under-wood_n then_o let_v they_o grow_v with_o all_o the_o head_n the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o best_a season_n for_o this_o and_o thus_o much_o at_o present_a of_o prune_v forrest-tree_n for_o i_o tell_v you_o there_o be_v more_o tree_n spoil_v by_o bad_a lop_n or_o prune_v or_o for_o want_n of_o good_a lop_n or_o prune_v than_o there_o be_v of_o all_o disease_n belong_v to_o forrest-tree_n unless_o they_o be_v accidental_a as_o spoil_v by_o cattle_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxxv_o of_o the_o disease_n of_o tree_n there_o be_v several_a disease_n and_o casualty_n that_o do_v spoil_v tree_n which_o sometime_o happen_v in_o the_o root_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o body_n or_o head_n 1._o the_o root_n may_v be_v the_o decay_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o if_o they_o stand_v in_o ground_n contrary_a to_o its_o kind_a as_o the_o beech_n on_o cold_a clay_n and_o wet_a ground_n or_o the_o alder_n on_o sharp_a dry_a gravel_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o each_o kind_a and_o must_v not_o thus_o be_v set_v 2._o it_o be_v also_o a_o great_a fault_n to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n to_o set_v those_o tree_n which_o natural_o love_v to_o run_v shallow_a too_o deep_a or_o indeed_o any_o other_o 3._o when_o ground_n be_v very_o stiff_a or_o rocky_a it_o must_v be_v dig_v or_o plough_v to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o and_o contrary_a earth_n lay_v round_o about_o the_o tree_n root_n 4._o great_a weed_n must_v not_o grow_v round_o the_o tree_n for_o they_o will_v rob_v the_o root_n of_o their_o nourishment_n also_o they_o must_v early_o be_v weed_v from_o seedling_n or_o small_a plant_n lest_o they_o choke_v they_o 5._o ivy_n and_o traveller_n joy_n bryany_n and_o such_o climber_n must_v be_v pull_v up_o round_o your_o tree_n lest_o they_o pinch_v or_o make_v they_o crooked_a and_o so_o spoil_v they_o 6._o sucker_n must_v careful_o be_v pull_v off_o whensoever_o you_o see_v they_o break_v out_o open_v the_o earth_n so_o that_o you_o may_v well_o come_v at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o root_n where_o they_o grow_v out_o and_o then_o pull_v or_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o if_o you_o find_v they_o root_v you_o may_v set_v they_o again_o but_o than_o you_o must_v observe_v winter-season_n but_o such_o tree_n as_o yield_v sucker_n from_o the_o run_a root_n as_o the_o elm_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v in_o wood_n and_o they_o thin_a leave_v some_o of_o they_o as_o you_o please_v they_o will_v do_v the_o tree_n no_o harm_n be_v sure_a to_o take_v sucker_n clean_o off_o from_o the_o body_n the_o first_o year_n 7._o the_o body_n be_v most_o common_o in_o danger_n if_o deer_n hare_n or_o connye_n can_v come_v at_o they_o while_o they_o be_v young_a therefore_o if_o you_o plant_v where_o dear_a or_o coney_n be_v you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o fence_v they_o well_o with_o frames_n of_o wood_n and_o look_v to_o keep_v they_o so_o or_o else_o never_o plant_v at_o all_o for_o in_o one_o day_n or_o night_n they_o will_v bark_v round_o several_a especial_o the_o ash_n line_n abele_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n and_o take_v great_a care_n to_o keep_v your_o apple_n and_o pear_n from_o hare_n and_o coney_n in_o hard_a winter_n for_o they_o will_v spoil_v they_o all_o if_o they_o come_v at_o they_o the_o best_a fence_n to_o secure_v your_o tree_n from_o they_o be_v to_o tie_v thum-band_n of_o hay_n or_o straw_n round_o they_o so_o high_a as_o they_o can_v reach_v keep_v this_o renew_v early_o every_o winter_n 8._o great_a bough_n ill_o take_v off_o as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n say_v before_o spoil_v many_o a_o tree_n therefore_o take_v they_o off_o close_o and_o smooth_a and_o not_o parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n cover_v the_o wound_n with_o loom_n or_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o keep_v it_o so_o cover_v for_o if_o the_o wet_a fall_n perpendicular_a on_o such_o a_o place_n it_o will_v in_o little_a time_n make_v the_o whole_a tree_n hollow_a by_o the_o wet_a get_n in_o there_o which_o come_v by_o great_a lop_v and_o bad_a lop_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o too_o many_o elm_n ash_n horn-beam_n etc._n etc._n spoil_v by_o such_o carelessness_n 9_o if_o a_o tree_n be_v bark-bound_a then_o slit_v through_o the_o bark_n with_o your_o knife_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o spring_n be_v the_o best_a season_n this_o will_v do_v most_o tree_n good_a and_o no_o harm_n to_o any_o 10_o if_o worm_n be_v get_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v out_o and_o the_o place_n do_v over_o with_o loom_n 11._o canker_a place_n or_o gall_v or_o bough_n break_v be_v to_o be_v cut_v smooth_a and_o cover_v over_o with_o loom_n the_o canker_n must_v be_v cast_v clean_o out_o if_o a_o great_a bough_n
but_o these_o we_o have_v here_o make_v be_v call_v ambligone_n that_o be_v a_o triangle_n which_o have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v show_v you_o most_o of_o the_o regular_a figure_n through_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v or_o in_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v i_o shall_v now_o show_v how_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v through_o a_o square_a and_o so_o proceed_v see_v fig._n 26._o you_o may_v make_v your_o walk_n according_a to_o this_o figure_n or_o you_o may_v have_v the_o walk_n break_v into_o the_o square_n in_o the_o middle_a on_o every_o side_n which_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o with_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o centre_n where_o the_o prick_n be_v thus_o see_v fig._n 27._o how_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v in_o a_o square_a may_v well_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o last_o figure_n beside_o it_o be_v common_a in_o many_o place_n to_o be_v see_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o convenient_a for_o a_o walk_n to_o end_v in_o as_o the_o aforesaid_a figure_n from_o these_o forego_n you_o may_v make_v several_a other_o according_a to_o your_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n to_o cut_v your_o coat_n according_a to_o your_o cloth_n and_o to_o proportion_v the_o figure_n your_o walk_n end_v in_o according_a to_o the_o best_a convenience_n of_o your_o ground_n let_v not_o your_o hand_n always_o for_o copy_n stay_v but_o let_v a_o active_a fancy_n lead_v your_o way_n proportion_n still_o your_o figure_n to_o your_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v triangle_n square_n or_o round_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n be_v also_o the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o lawn_n that_o be_v a_o spacious_a plane_n join_v to_o your_o house_n which_o let_v be_v in_o largeness_n according_a as_o your_o ground_n will_v permit_v as_o 100_o acre_n or_o more_o this_o lawn_n be_v most_o convenient_a to_o be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n or_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o if_o it_o be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n it_o give_v the_o more_o way_n for_o the_o west_n wind_n which_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a to_o harm_v your_o house_n by_o its_o free_a passage_n thereto_o also_o if_o your_o best_a room_n front_v your_o lawn_n as_o they_o always_o shall_v do_v the_o afternoon_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a time_n in_o which_o great_a person_n do_v solace_v themselves_o in_o these_o principal_a room_n the_o afternoon_n sun_n will_v then_o be_v offensive_a to_o such_o room_n and_o the_o prospect_n will_v both_o be_v hinder_v and_o not_o so_o pleasant_a for_o the_o sun_n by_o shine_v against_o you_o and_o from_o the_o object_n do_v by_o both_o hinder_v your_o prospect_n and_o most_o prospect_n be_v most_o pleasant_a when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o they_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o arise_v from_o your_o lawn_n be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o your_o house_n be_v consider_v i_o thence_o conclude_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n that_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o your_o lawn_n to_o be_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o there_o you_o have_v your_o room_n shady_a in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o object_n which_o you_o view_v from_o your_o house_n much_o beautify_v by_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o afternoon_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n your_o lawn_n may_v do_v very_o well_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o the_o sun_n shine_v most_o part_n of_o the_o day_n on_o that_o side_n of_o your_o house_n do_v much_o add_v to_o the_o beauty_n of_o that_o front_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o best_a front_n of_o your_o house_n therefore_o a_o large_a lawn_n on_o that_o side_n do_v much_o help_n the_o prospect_n to_o the_o house_n and_o also_o from_o it_o a_o lawn_n on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v no_o way_n convenient_a for_o that_o lay_v your_o house_n too_o open_a to_o the_o cold_a north_n wind_n etc._n etc._n wherefore_o let_v your_o north_n and_o west_n side_n be_v plant_v with_o wood_n orchard_n etc._n etc._n a_o square_n be_v no_o ill_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n thus_o where_o there_o may_v be_v three_o avenue_n break_v out_o at_o the_o three_o angle_n or_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n opposite_a to_o the_o house_n and_o if_o your_o lawn_n be_v rise_v ground_n to_o the_o house_n some_o tree_n set_v thin_a on_o the_o lawn_n will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a see_v fig._n 28._o your_o lawn_n may_v be_v bound_v with_o walk_n if_o you_o please_v which_o in_o this_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o or_o you_o may_v have_v a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n with_o set_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o they_o will_v show_v the_o shape_n of_o their_o head_n the_o better_a as_o the_o prick_n be_v on_o the_o lawn_n so_o may_v your_o tree_n stand_v but_o leave_v the_o front_n clear_a except_o the_o lawn_n be_v much_o fall_a ground_n from_o the_o house_n let_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o house_n be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o these_o two_o fig._n 28_o 29._o or_o any_o other_o yet_o let_v the_o lawn_n be_v on_o both_o side_n the_o front_n alike_o make_v a_o angle_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o front_n or_o at_o some_o court_n gate_n right_a before_o it_o and_o break_v off_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o fig._n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o house_n a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n set_v at_o 4_o rod_n distance_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o fig._n will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n see_v fig._n 29._o from_o these_o two_o you_o may_v make_v several_a but_o still_o mind_n to_o make_v such_o as_o will_v best_o fit_v your_o ground_n a_o circle_n be_v a_o good_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n only_o it_o must_v break_v off_o before_o it_o come_v against_o the_o front_n a_o triangle_n be_v also_o a_o very_a proper_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v too_o acute_a at_o the_o angle_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o front_n but_o rather_o obtuse_a or_o right_o angle_v at_o the_o angle_n next_o the_o front_n as_o in_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v some_o field_n lie_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o triangle_n lead_v up_o between_o two_o wood_n or_o large_a hedge_n and_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v a_o house_n at_o the_o angle_n this_o have_v be_v very_o pleasant_a to_o my_o fancy_n especial_o when_o it_o have_v ascend_v up_o hill_n and_o have_v have_v the_o south_n southeast_n or_o east_n aspect_n now_o if_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v ground_n convenient_a will_v but_o make_v some_o such_o lawn_n before_o their_o house_n it_o will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o seat_n they_o may_v make_v these_o lawn_n and_o clear_v the_o wood_n that_o be_v within_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o as_o it_o decay_v or_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n the_o charge_n will_v not_o be_v great_a but_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n will_v certain_o be_v great_a and_o last_a i_o do_v prefer_v your_o lime-tree_n to_o bind_v in_o your_o lawn_n because_o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o any_o soil_n have_v but_o care_n to_o plant_v it_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v beside_o the_o fine_a shape_n all_o the_o tree_n will_v natural_o grow_v in_o for_o they_o will_v seem_v as_o though_o they_o be_v cut_v provide_v they_o be_v not_o set_v too_o thick_a for_o then_o one_o hinder_v the_o shape_n of_o another_o the_o elm_n be_v a_o good_a tree_n for_o this_o purpose_n for_o it_o have_v a_o fine_a green_a leaf_n and_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_a for_o it_o it_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o great_a tree_n and_o straight_o if_o keep_v with_o prune_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v these_o tree_n you_o may_v plant_v thick_a round_o your_o lawn_n the_o beech_n in_o ground_n where_o it_o like_v make_v a_o stately_a tree_n so_o do_v the_o walnut_n chesnut_n black_a cherry_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n be_v quick_a grower_n and_o very_o pleasant_a in_o the_o spring_n when_o they_o be_v clothe_v in_o their_o white_a garment_n and_o indeed_o any_o tree_n that_o be_v not_o very_o dangerous_a to_o remove_v as_o be_v the_o stately_a oak_n and_o pines_n which_o be_v the_o very_o best_a be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o fault_n the_o fir_n and_o ewe_n be_v not_o so_o difficult_a they_o will_v do_v well_o where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n now_o where_o man_n have_v not_o the_o convenience_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n if_o they_o make_v but_o 20_o acre_n in_o a_o field_n in_o some_o good_a figure_n lead_v to_o the_o house_n it_o will_v be_v the_o more_o pleasant_a and_o the_o charge_n as_o little_a as_o to_o do_v it_o other_o way_n chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o several_a superficial_a
up_o your_o instrument_n be_v it_o water-level_n or_o ground-level_n with_o sight_n and_o when_o you_o have_v place_v it_o so_o high_a as_o you_o may_v see_v over_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n than_o set_v a_o stake_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o top_n exact_o level_a with_o the_o sight_n and_o one_o on_o the_o high_a side_n the_o top_n level_v with_o the_o middle_a stake_n then_o turn_v the_o level_n or_o lood_n back_o sight_n and_o set_v one_o level_v with_o these_o two_o on_o the_o low_a ground_n so_o have_v you_o three_o stake_n in_o line_n level_a keep_v your_o level_n true_a to_o your_o middle-stake_n and_o turn_v your_o level_n till_o it_o make_v right-angle_n with_o these_o three_o stake_n and_o set_v up_o two_o stake_n at_o each_o side_n one_o level_v with_o those_o three_o so_o have_v you_o five_o stake_n set_v true_a level_n in_o two_o line_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a you_o may_v set_v up_o two_o row_v more_o by_o the_o level_n but_o in_o small_a ground_n 5_o stake_n be_v enough_o then_o may_v you_o lay_v by_o your_o level_n and_o look_v over_o the_o head_n of_o one_o to_o the_o head_n of_o another_o cause_n your_o assistant_n to_o put_v down_o stake_n between_o two_o and_o two_o till_o you_o have_v set_v as_o many_o stake_n level_v in_o your_o ground_n as_o you_o think_v convenient_a or_o you_o may_v have_v a_o rule_n and_o look_v over_o the_o edge_n of_o that_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o and_o put_v stake_n down_o between_o you_o and_o the_o other_o stake_n what_o number_v you_o please_v thus_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o ground_n with_o all_o the_o stake_n head_n level_a and_o half_a a_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o high_a part_n of_o your_o ground_n in_o some_o ground_n the_o middle-stake_n and_o the_o stake_n in_o the_o cross-line_n will_v be_v the_o level-line_n the_o ground_n must_v be_v bring_v to_o that_o be_v abate_v the_o hill_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o low-side_n to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o mid-line_n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o uneven_a than_o you_o must_v measure_v over_o all_o the_o stake_n and_o take_v they_o middle-high_a for_o their_o mean_a level_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o proportion_n your_o ground_n to_o that_o suppose_v a_o valley_n be_v 10_o pole_n long_o and_o two_o foot_n deep_a from_o the_o straight_a line_n and_o there_o be_v a_o hill_n 5_o pole_n long_o how_o many_o foot_n deep_o must_v i_o go_v in_o that_o 5_o pole_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o fill_v up_o this_o valley_n this_o may_v be_v answer_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o inverse_n or_o back_o rule_n of_o three_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 5_o be_v to_o 2_o so_o be_v 10_o to_o 4_o so_o if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 5_o to_o 2_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 10_o to_o 4_o so_o than_o you_o must_v go_v 4_o foot_n deep_a in_o such_o a_o hill_n to_o make_v good_a such_o a_o valley_n as_o be_v before_o say_v suppose_v you_o be_v to_o abutt_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n four_o foot_n deep_a and_o 1._o 2_o pole_n from_o the_o top_n of_o that_o hill_n that_o 4_o foot_n be_v to_o come_v out_o this_o be_v easy_o perform_v though_o a_o leveller_n to_o the_o best_a man_n in_o the_o land_n do_v not_o understand_v it_o set_v up_o a_o stake_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n two_o foot_n or_o three_o foot_n long_o above_o ground_n and_o another_o at_o the_o same_o height_n where_o your_o depth_n come_v out_o three_o rod_n from_o that_o set_v a_o stake_n down_o till_o the_o head_n come_v to_o be_v in_o a_o line_n with_o these_o 2_o and_o at_o that_o stake_n you_o must_v be_v one_o foot_n deep_a at_o 6_o pole_n another_o as_o before_o there_o you_o must_v be_v two_o foot_n deep_a another_o at_o 9_o pole_n there_o you_o must_v sink_v three_o foot_n you_o may_v set_v more_o stake_n at_o equal_a distance_n which_o will_v direct_v you_o that_o you_o can_v go_v amiss_o to_o make_v any_o sloop_n first_o line_n out_o your_o top_n and_o foot_n true_a then_o if_o your_o sloop_n be_v not_o very_o long_o you_o may_v have_v a_o frame_n of_o wood_n make_v according_a to_o your_o sloop_n which_o will_v be_v as_o a_o mould_n to_o try_v your_o work_n by_o two_o foot_n rise_v in_o 6_o foot_n level_n be_v a_o good_a proportion_n for_o a_o sloop_n chap._n lv._o for_o make_v cider_n observe_v these_o rule_n whatsoever_o apple_n you_o make_v your_o cider_n of_o let_v they_o hang_v on_o the_o tree_n until_o they_o be_v through_o ripe_a which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o these_o few_o infallible_a rule_n first_o if_o you_o find_v the_o kernel_n brown_a or_o the_o seed_n rattle_v in_o the_o apple_n as_o in_o some_o they_o will_v or_o if_o you_o see_v they_o begin_v to_o fall_v much_o in_o still_a weather_n or_o if_o you_o find_v they_o to_o handle_v like_o a_o dry_a piece_n of_o wood_n sound_v in_o your_o hand_n if_o you_o toss_v they_o up_o than_o you_o may_v go_v to_o gather_v as_o fast_o as_o you_o please_v so_o your_o fruit_n be_v dry_a observe_v that_o the_o green_a your_o fruit_n be_v the_o sour_a will_v your_o cider_n be_v therefore_o be_v not_o too_o forward_o in_o gather_v for_o gather_v your_o apple_n observe_v these_o direction_n take_v care_n they_o be_v not_o too_o much_o bruise_v for_o your_o bruise_a fruit_n if_o they_o be_v a_o little_a keep_v will_v rot_v and_o give_v your_o cider_n a_o ill_a taste_n and_o a_o high_a brown_a colour_n and_o not_o yield_v so_o well_o for_o your_o bruise_a place_n of_o the_o apple_n if_o it_o do_v not_o immediate_o rot_v the_o juice_n of_o that_o place_n will_v vapour_n forth_o and_o be_v a_o dry_a red_a yield_v little_a taste_n or_o liquor_n but_o sometime_o a_o bad_a taste_n but_o to_o the_o make_n of_o one_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n there_o be_v require_v a_o great_a many_o apple_n as_o if_o they_o be_v good_a yield_a fruit_n and_o not_o too_o long_o keep_v some_o 18_o or_o 20_o bushel_n will_v make_v a_o hogshead_n if_o not_o as_o aforesaid_a then_o 24_o bushel_n or_o more_o to_o one_o hogshead_n therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o have_v your_o apple_n too_o much_o bruise_v yet_o i_o will_v not_o advise_v you_o to_o pick_v they_o by_o hand_n but_o you_o may_v lay_v a_o truss_n or_o two_o of_o barley_n straw_n under_o your_o tree_n when_o you_o go_v to_o gather_v they_o and_o on_o that_o lay_v some_o blanket_n or_o the_o like_a according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o tree_n thereon_o with_o discretion_n shake_v your_o fruit_n let_v not_o too_o many_o lie_v on_o at_o one_o time_n but_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v lie_v till_o you_o grind_v or_o beat_v they_o thus_o you_o may_v remove_v your_o straw_n and_o blanket_n from_o tree_n to_o tree_n as_o your_o pleasure_n be_v now_o for_o keep_v they_o after_o you_o have_v gather_v they_o let_v it_o be_v in_o some_o house_n if_o you_o can_v with_o convenience_n and_o on_o some_o dry_a board_n or_o board_v flower_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o earth-flower_n you_o must_v lay_v they_o on_o first_o cover_v it_o with_o good_a dry_a straw_n and_o so_o lay_v they_o on_o that_o for_o if_o you_o lay_v they_o on_o the_o earth_n they_o will_v decay_v fast_o and_o turn_v musty_a before_o they_o have_v do_v sweat_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o which_o be_v best_a to_o preserve_v plant_n be_v the_o quite_o contrary_a to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v fruit_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v plain_a that_o which_o a_o man_n sow_v must_v first_o die_v before_o it_o take_v root_n to_o live_v and_o produce_v its_o kind_n thus_o it_o may_v be_v with_o fruit_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o secret_a vapour_n of_o the_o earth_n tend_v much_o to_o the_o death_n or_o dissolution_n of_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o fruit_n that_o the_o seed_n may_v the_o soon_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o produce_v its_o like_a in_o its_o several_a kind_n for_o nature_n or_o the_o secret_a provide_v power_n of_o the_o almighty_a be_v at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n actuate_a and_o assist_v every_o species_n to_o produce_v its_o kind_n for_o any_o who_o have_v but_o observe_v the_o walnut_n or_o chestnut_n though_o one_o have_v get_v his_o fur_n gown_n &_o the_o other_o his_o nolimetangere_a cloak_n as_o to_o too_o of_o the_o sense_n yet_o notwithstanding_o when_o they_o be_v able_a to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o as_o i_o may_v say_v than_o how_o willing_o the_o gown_n and_o cloak_n be_v throw_v aside_o to_o
cider_n if_o your_o fruit_n be_v good_a and_o very_a ripe_a you_o may_v put_v more_o if_o the_o contrary_a less_o let_v the_o tub_n be_v cover_v and_o stand_v thus_o with_o the_o water_n and_o stamping_n together_o four_o or_o five_o day_n and_o night_n if_o it_o be_v cold_a weather_n let_v they_o stand_v a_o week_n than_o you_o may_v press_v the_o stamping_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v get_v as_o much_o as_o you_o think_v will_v fill_v a_o vessel_n put_v it_o on_o the_o fire_n and_o scum_n it_o well_o and_o when_o you_o find_v the_o scum_n begin_v not_o to_o rise_v very_o fast_o then_o take_v it_o off_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o put_v it_o into_o tub_n or_o cooler_n to_o cool_v and_o when_o it_o be_v cold_a than_o tun_n it_o up_o and_o when_o it_o have_v do_v work_v then_o bung_a it_o up_o and_o in_o a_o month_n time_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o drink_v you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v boil_v a_o little_a ginger_n in_o it_o or_o a_o little_a clove_n juniper_n berry_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o you_o fancy_v to_o please_v the_o pallet_n or_o against_o some_o distemper_n you_o fear_v for_o small_a thing_n take_v in_o time_n may_v prevent_v danger_n very_o great_a syrup_n of_o rasburies_n give_v a_o very_a please_a taste_n in_o cider_n perry_n may_v be_v make_v and_o order_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o take_v care_v your_o pear_n be_v not_o too_o ripe_a for_o if_o they_o be_v you_o will_v be_v trouble_v to_o get_v your_o liquor_n fine_a those_o pear_n be_v best_a for_o perry_n that_o have_v a_o hard_a flesh_n and_o stony_a at_o the_o core_n the_o juice_n easy_o separate_v from_o the_o flesh_n the_o fruit_n yield_v a_o good_a plenty_n of_o juice_n the_o pear_n common_o of_o a_o harsh_a taste_n but_o those_o pear_n that_o have_v a_o soft_a flesh_n as_o many_o of_o our_o best_a eat_a pear_n have_v be_v not_o good_a for_o perry_n as_o the_o burry_n borgatmote_n green-feild_n green-chesels_a and_o several_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n we_o have_v a_o pear_n at_o cashiobury_n and_o it_o be_v at_o other_o place_n near_o watford_n it_o be_v a_o little_a harsh_a juicy_a pear_n but_o make_v excellent_a liquor_n as_o my_o honourable_a lord_n can_v testify_v and_o several_a other_o its_o only_a inconvenience_n be_v it_o be_v but_o a_o small_a fruit_n but_o the_o quantity_n it_o yield_v be_v good_a i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o wild_a pear_n never_o graft_v but_o for_o its_o excellency_n aforesaid_a the_o kind_n deserve_v to_o be_v preserve_v by_o the_o curious_a i_o know_v no_o name_n it_o have_v as_o yet_o captain_n wingate_n near_o welling_n have_v a_o excellent_a pear_n for_o perry_n i_o have_v taste_v of_o the_o liquor_n and_o have_v see_v the_o fruit_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bearer_n or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o which_o shall_v be_v a_o property_n in_o perry_n pear-tree_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n call_v by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n pritchet_n gardner_n to_o my_o lord_n of_o salisbury_n rufins_n pear_n which_o make_v excellent_a perry_n and_o be_v a_o good_a bearer_n as_o i_o have_v oft_o be_v inform_v by_o he_o by_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n it_o be_v very_o good_a for_o perry_n indeed_o most_o sort_n of_o bake_v pear_n make_v good_a perry_n or_o any_o that_o be_v qualify_v as_o be_v beforesaid_a and_o that_o bear_v well_o and_o yield_v great_a store_n of_o liquor_n mind_v your_o vessel_n be_v sweet_a you_o put_v your_o cider_n or_o perry_n in_o for_o a_o little_a tang_n in_o the_o vessel_n will_v spoil_v all_o a_o sack_n vessel_n be_v very_o good_a though_o discommend_v by_o some_o so_o be_v your_o white-wine_n or_o claret-wine_n cask_n or_o a_o vessel_n where_o cider_n have_v be_v before_o etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la here_o place_v the_o figure_n the_o content_n of_o each_o particular_a chapter_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o raise_v tree_n the_o best_a for_o forrest-tree_n be_v by_o their_o seed_n key_n or_o nut_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 1._o chap._n 2._o how_o to_o observe_v and_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o seed_n so_o as_o the_o better_a to_o raise_v they_o p._n 3._o chap._n 3._o the_o shape_n of_o seed_n and_o their_o weight_n do_v inform_v you_o how_o to_o set_v they_o p._n 5._o chap._n 4._o observation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o key_n and_o seed_n p._n 6._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o several_a way_n to_o raise_v forrest-tree_n or_o other_o and_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o lay_v p._n 9_o chap._n 6._o of_o those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n and_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o p._n 12._o chap._n 7._o of_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n and_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o p._n 13._o chap._n 8._o what_o soil_n or_o dung_n be_v best_a sore_a tree_n or_o their_o seed_n p._n 14._o chap._n 9_o of_o water_n for_o tree_n and_o seed_n and_o water_v they_o p._n 20._o chap._n 10._o of_o oak_n raise_v and_o improve_n p._n 34._o chap._n 11._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o elm_n p._n 50._o chap._n 12._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o ash_n p._n 53._o chap._n 13._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o beech_n p._n 57_o chap._n 14._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o walnut_n p._n 58._o chap._n 15._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o chestnut_n p._n 63._o chap._n 16._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sarvice-tree_n p._n 64._o chap._n 17._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o cherrytree_n p._n 65._o chap._n 18._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o linetree_n p._n 67._o chap._n 19_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o maple_n p._n 72._o chap._n 20._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sycamore_n ibid._n chap._n 21._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o hornbeam_n p._n 73._o chap._n 22._o of_o raise_v the_o quickbeam_n p._n 75._o chap._n 23._o of_o raise_v the_o birch_n ibid._n chap._n 24._o of_o raise_v the_o hazel_n p._n 77._o chap._n 25._o of_o raise_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o poplar_n ibid._n chap._n 26._o of_o raise_v the_o alder_a p._n 81._o chap._n 27._o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n p._n 82._o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n p._n 84._o chap._n 29._o of_o raise_v the_o yew_n holly_n box_n juniper_n bayes_n etc._n etc._n p._n 86._o chap._n 30._o general_a rule_n for_o plant_v forrest-tree_n in_o avenue_n walk_n or_o orchard_n as_o in_o a_o natural_a ground_n p._n 88_o chap._n 31._o of_o plant_v forrest-tree_n to_o make_v wood_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o naked_a place_n in_o wood_n where_o they_o want_v p._n 89._o chap._n 32._o of_o plant_v young_a hedge_n and_o how_o to_o improve_v and_o keep_v old_a hedge_n p._n 95._o chap._n 33._o of_o plant_v several_a sort_n of_o forrest-tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o ground_n as_o orchard_n or_o the_o like_a p._n 104._o chap._n 34._o of_o prune_v tree_n some_o general_a observation_n p._n 112._o chap._n 35._o of_o the_o disease_n of_o tree_n p._n 117._o chap._n 36._o of_o felling_n and_o order_v wood_n and_o coppice_n p._n 119._o chap._n 37._o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n several_a way_n the_o better_a to_o judge_v the_o worth_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n p._n 126._o chap._n 38._o of_o make_v walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n p._n 135._o chap._n 39_o of_o several_a superficial_a figure_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v p._n 148._o chap._n 40._o to_o divide_v a_o right_a line_n give_v according_a to_o any_o proportion_n require_v and_o how_o to_o divide_v land_n or_o wood_n with_o some_o use_n of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n p._n 151._o chap._n 41._o of_o measure_v holes_n and_o border_n that_o be_v under_o a_o pole_n broad_a by_o which_o you_o may_v the_o better_a let_v or_o take_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o pole-square_a etc._n etc._n with_o several_a table_n of_o measure_n p._n 160._o chap._n 42._o of_o measure_v timber_n and_o other_o solid_a body_n with_o several_a table_n useful_a thereunto_o p._n 170._o chap._n 43._o of_o the_o oval_a how_o to_o make_v it_o and_o how_o to_o measure_v it_o with_o other_o observation_n thereon_o p._n 176._o chap._n 44._o suppose_v you_o have_v a_o plot_n to_o draw_v on_o one_o or_o many_o sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o you_o will_v draw_v it_o at_o as_o large_a as_o the_o paper_n will_v bear_v to_o know_v what_o scale_n you_o shall_v draw_v it_o by_o p._n 179._o chap._n 45._o to_o find_v what_o scale_n a_o plate_n or_o draft_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o content_a of_o the_o ground_n be_v give_v p._n 181._o chap._n 46._o the_o description_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n or_o gunter_n line_n p._n 181._o chap._n 47._o numeration_n on_o the_o line_n or_o to_o read_v a_o sum_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 184._o chap._n 48._o addition_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 186._o chap._n 49._o substraction_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 187._o chap._n 50._o multiplication_n on_o the_o line_n of_o mumber_n p._n 188._o chap._n 51._o division_n on_o the_o line_n p._n 193._o chap._n 52._o the_o rule_n of_o three_o on_o the_o line_n p._n 194._o chap._n 53._o the_o golden_a rule_n reverse_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 196._o chap._n 54._o of_o level_v any_o ground_n and_o to_o make_v slope_n or_o battery_n etc._n etc._n p._n 198._o chap._n 55._o rule_n for_o make_v of_o cider_n p._n 200._o a_o catalogue_n of_o book_n of_o husbandry_n sell_v by_o peter_n parker_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n in_o cornhill_n the_o english_a gardener_n or_o a_o sure_a guide_n to_o young_a planter_n and_o gardener_n in_o three_o part_n 1._o show_v the_o way_n and_o order_n of_o plant_v and_o raise_v all_o sort_n of_o stock_n fruit-tree_n and_o shrub_n with_o the_o divers_a way_n and_o manner_n of_o engraft_v and_o inoculate_v in_o their_o several_a season_n 2._o how_o to_o order_v the_o kitchen_n garden_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o herb_n root_n and_o salad_n 3._o the_o order_v the_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n how_o to_o raise_v all_o sort_n of_o flower_n and_o their_o season_n with_o direction_n touch_v arbour_n and_o hedge_n in_o garden_n likewise_o several_a other_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o delight_n in_o orchard_n and_o garden_n by_o leonard_n meager_n above_o thirty_o year_n practitioner_n in_o the_o art_n of_o garden_v the_o countryman_z recreation_n or_o the_o art_n of_o plant_v graft_n and_o garden_v in_o three_o book_n 1._o declare_v divers_a way_n of_o plant_v and_o graft_n 2._o treat_v of_o the_o hop-garden_n with_o instruction_n for_o make_v and_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o 3._o the_o expert_a gardener_n contain_v divers_a necessary_a and_o rare_a secret_n belong_v to_o that_o art_n with_o direction_n to_o know_v the_o time_n and_o season_n to_o sow_n and_o plant_v all_o manner_n of_o seed_n also_o how_o to_o destroy_v snail_n canker-worm_n mole_n and_o all_o other_o vermin_n which_o usual_o breed_v in_o garden_n whereunto_o also_o be_v add_v the_o art_n of_o angle_a the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n by_o the_o sieure_fw-fr le_fw-fr gendre_n curate_n of_o henonville_n where_o in_o treat_v of_o nursery_n wall_n fruit_n hedge_n of_o fruit_n tree_n dwarf-tree_n high_a stander_n etc._n etc._n write_a in_o french_a and_o translate_v faithful_o into_o english_a at_o the_o request_n of_o several_a person_n of_o honour_n a_o piece_n so_o high_o approve_v of_o in_o france_n that_o it_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n print_v there_o the_o government_n of_o cattle_n divide_v into_o three_o book_n 1._o treat_v of_o ox_n cow_n and_o calf_n and_o how_o to_o use_v bull_n and_o other_o cattle_n to_o the_o yoke_n or_o fall_v 2._o discourse_v of_o the_o government_n of_o horse_n with_o approve_a medicine_n against_o most_o disease_n 3._o of_o the_o order_n sheep_n and_o goat_n hog_n and_o dog_n with_o true_a remedy_n to_o help_v the_o infirmity_n that_o befall_v any_o of_o they_o also_o instruction_n for_o take_v mole_n and_o husband_v of_o ground_n compose_v by_o leonard_n mascal_n
i_o have_v show_v you_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o mix_n of_o earth_n with_o other_o plant_n that_o will_v make_v they_o change_v into_o such_o plant_n as_o you_o mix_v the_o earth_n with_o or_o make_v the_o plant_n alter_v to_o any_o purpose_n for_o the_o main_a alteration_n of_o all_o plant_n be_v from_o their_o seed_n though_o it_o may_v be_v mix_v such_o plant_n or_o shave_n with_o the_o earth_n you_o sow_v seed_n in_o may_v cause_v they_o to_o have_v some_o quality_n of_o the_o physical_a use_n of_o the_o plant_n in_o they_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a that_o misceltoe_n on_o the_o oak_n and_o polipody_n of_o the_o oak_n and_o elder_a on_o the_o willow_n etc._n etc._n do_v partake_v of_o the_o physical_a use_n of_o those_o plant_n on_o which_o they_o grow_v for_o in_o nature_n you_o may_v find_v that_o many_o body_n do_v not_o only_o by_o their_o quality_n affect_v their_o adjacent_n but_o also_o infuse_v their_o virtue_n into_o they_o and_o endue_v they_o 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gravel_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v shallow_a they_o will_v not_o prosper_v but_o if_o the_o gravel_n be_v mix_v with_o loom_n they_o will_v do_v well_o they_o love_v not_o a_o stiff_a clay_n but_o if_o it_o be_v mix_v natural_o with_o stone_n or_o chalk_n and_o not_o too_o shallow_a than_o they_o will_v thrive_v on_o it_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a tree_n to_o set_v in_o wood_n for_o it_o will_v run_v up_o if_o the_o side-bough_n be_v take_v off_o to_o a_o great_a height_n and_o yield_v very_o good_a timber_n for_o many_o use_v chap._n xv._n of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o chestnut_n touch_v the_o kind_n of_o this_o nut_n there_o may_v be_v several_a but_o i_o know_v but_o three_o one_o of_o they_o be_v very_o good_a which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o more_o increase_v for_o the_o time_n of_o gather_v observe_v the_o same_o as_o before_o be_v say_v of_o the_o walnut_n when_o you_o have_v gather_v they_o and_o take_v the_o husk_n off_o lay_v they_o to_o dry_a and_o sweat_n but_o not_o too_o thick_a do_v not_o steep_v they_o in_o water_n as_o some_o advise_v you_o for_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o steep_v any_o sort_n of_o seed_n unless_o some_o annual_n and_o to_o steep_v they_o be_v good_a especial_o if_o late_v in_o sow_v but_o to_o steep_a stone_n nut_n or_o seed_n that_o be_v not_o of_o quick_a growth_n water_v they_o may_v kill_v they_o by_o make_v the_o kernel_n swell_v too_o hasty_o and_o so_o crack_v it_o before_o the_o spear_n cause_v it_o or_o it_o may_v mould_n and_o stupefy_v the_o spear_n therefore_o let_v no_o seed_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v not_o quick_a of_o growth_n have_v too_o much_o wet_v at_o first_o you_o must_v put_v your_o chestnut_n then_o in_o sand_n a_o little_a moist_a about_o the_o beginning_n or_o middle_n of_o november_n make_v it_o a_o little_o moist_a about_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n and_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n or_o beginning_n of_o february_n sow_v they_o on_o bed_n and_o cover_v they_o about_o two_o inch_n or_o you_o may_v set_v 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raise_v of_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n that_o be_v in_o the_o berry_n which_o when_o they_o be_v rot_v be_v then_o ripe_a that_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n or_o beginning_n of_o october_n eat_v off_o the_o fleshy_a part_n or_o rub_v it_o off_o by_o roll_v they_o in_o sand_n then_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o moist_a sand_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o january_n then_o sow_v they_o on_o moist_a ground_n or_o in_o the_o shade_n keep_v they_o from_o weed_n then_o let_v they_o stand_v two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o then_o