be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n can_v exceed_v our_o idea_n where_o they_o be_v imperfect_a confuse_a or_o obscure_a we_o can_v expect_v to_o have_v certain_a perfect_a or_o clear_a knowledge_n and_o yet_o how_o often_o do_v you_o confess_v that_o our_o idea_n be_v imperfect_a confuse_a and_o obscure_v how_o then_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o attain_v to_o any_o certainty_n by_o they_o and_o notwithstanding_o these_o plain_a word_n you_o assert_v it_o over_o and_o over_o in_o your_o second_o letter_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o you_o do_v not_o place_v certainty_n in_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o beginning_n how_o can_v these_o thing_n consist_v can_v certainty_n be_v have_v with_o imperfect_a and_o obscure_a idea_n and_o yet_o no_o certainty_n be_v have_v by_o they_o i_o can_v blame_v you_o for_o find_v fault_n with_o common_a principle_n of_o reason_n if_o both_o part_n of_o a_o contradiction_n may_v be_v true_a but_o i_o forbear_v however_o i_o can_v but_o join_v other_o word_n of_o you_o to_o show_v how_o resolve_v you_o be_v to_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o yourself_o 15._o but_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a idea_n can_v never_o produce_v any_o clear_a or_o distinct_a knowledge_n because_o as_o far_o as_o any_o idea_n be_v confuse_v or_o obscure_a so_o far_o the_o mind_n can_v never_o perceive_v clear_o whether_o thy_o agree_n or_o disagree_v and_o yet_o in_o the_o same_o place_n you_o say_v that_o our_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n its_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n consist_v in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o that_o perception_n and_o not_o in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o have_v a_o clear_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n of_o idea_n if_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v not_o clear_a and_o distinct_a if_o the_o mind_n can_v never_o perceive_v clear_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a idea_n how_o can_v its_o knowledge_n lie_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v perceive_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o i_o can_v make_v consistent_a but_o beside_o i_o have_v another_o charge_n upon_o your_o way_n of_o certainty_n viz._n that_o you_o have_v no_o criterion_n to_o distinguish_v false_a and_o doubtful_a idea_n from_o true_a and_o certain_a how_o then_o can_v any_o man_n be_v secure_a that_o he_o be_v not_o impose_v upon_o in_o this_o way_n of_o idea_n the_o academic_n go_v too_o far_o in_o the_o way_n to_o scepticism_n but_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o sceptic_n in_o two_o thing_n 1._o they_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v no_o absolute_a certainty_n to_o be_v have_v which_o the_o sceptic_n will_v not_o 2._o they_o hold_v a_o far_o great_a probability_n in_o some_o thing_n than_o other_o and_o that_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o follow_v the_o great_a probability_n in_o what_o concern_v their_o own_o welfare_n but_o the_o sceptic_n say_v that_o they_o will_v do_v as_o other_o do_v or_o follow_v inclination_n and_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n but_o they_o hold_v no_o opinion_n in_o their_o mind_n as_o they_o say_v the_o academic_n go_v much_o upon_o idea_n or_o representation_n of_o thing_n to_o their_o mind_n but_o they_o do_v not_o proceed_v upon_o every_o idea_n but_o they_o examine_v and_o weigh_v all_o the_o circumstance_n belong_v to_o it_o before_o they_o allow_v it_o to_o prevail_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v a_o assent_n as_o to_o a_o great_a probability_n carneades_n one_o of_o the_o subtle_a of_o they_o 7._o as_o appear_v by_o sextus_n empiricus_n distinguish_v a_o threefold_a idea_n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o probable_a idea_n which_o the_o academic_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o say_v he_o neither_o that_o which_o appear_v false_a of_o itself_o nor_o that_o which_o be_v true_a but_o do_v not_o appear_v so_o can_v persuade_v a_o man_n mind_n and_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a some_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a appearance_n other_o have_v a_o mighty_a strong_a one_o and_o therein_o he_o place_v his_o criterion_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o undistracted_a idea_n i._n e._n when_o no_o circumstance_n disturb_v or_o shake_v the_o first_o impression_n so_o as_o to_o make_v we_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o which_o sextus_n empiricus_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o concurrence_n of_o idea_n and_o none_o disagree_v and_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v this_o to_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o certainty_n but_o only_o of_o probability_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o well_o examine_v idea_n by_o the_o best_a reason_n a_o man_n have_v and_o the_o great_a application_n of_o mind_n and_o this_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o high_a probability_n a_o man_n mind_n can_v reach_v to_o now_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o your_o case_n you_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n and_o never_o offer_v any_o such_o method_n for_o examine_v they_o as_o the_o academic_n require_v for_o their_o probability_n as_o for_o instance_n your_o first_o idea_n which_o you_o go_v upon_o 4._o be_v that_o of_o solidity_n which_o you_o say_v of_o all_o other_o seem_v the_o most_o intimate_o connect_v with_o and_o essential_a to_o body_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n 5._o solidity_n you_o say_v consist_v in_o repletion_n and_o resistance_n and_o by_o this_o idea_n of_o solidity_n the_o extension_n of_o body_n you_o say_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o space_n so_o that_o of_o pure_a space_n and_o solidity_n you_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n now_o here_o in_o the_o way_n of_o certainty_n i_o have_v two_o question_n to_o ask_v 1._o how_o this_o idea_n come_v to_o be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a to_o you_o when_z other_o who_o go_v in_o the_o same_o way_n of_o idea_n have_v quite_o another_o idea_n of_o it_o and_o think_v they_o have_v as_o plain_a and_o distinct_a a_o idea_n that_o the_o extension_n of_o space_n and_o body_n be_v the_o same_o now_o what_o criterion_n be_v there_o to_o come_v to_o any_o certainty_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o see_v none_o so_o much_o as_o offer_v but_o only_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o you_o to_o be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a but_o to_o other_o the_o contrary_n so_o that_o here_o we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n as_o to_o any_o certainty_n in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n and_o the_o blind_a man_n who_o fancy_v the_o idea_n of_o scarlet_a to_o be_v like_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n can_v hardly_o be_v convince_v of_o his_o error_n in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n this_o you_o mention_v to_o show_v the_o different_a idea_n man_n may_v fall_v into_o which_o i_o think_v be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o way_n to_o certainty_n in_o themselves_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o man_n even_o for_o philosophical_a and_o rational_a man_n to_o fall_v into_o such_o contrary_a idea_n about_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o both_o side_n think_v their_o idea_n clear_a and_o distinct_a 2._o but_o i_o have_v another_o question_n to_o propose_v viz._n whether_o by_o this_o idea_n of_o solidity_n we_o may_v come_v to_o know_v what_o it_o be_v this_o be_v a_o very_a reasonable_a question_n in_o the_o way_n of_o certainty_n which_o be_v to_o lead_v we_o to_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n i_o pray_v therefore_o tell_v i_o from_o your_o idea_n what_o it_o be_v and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v the_o question_v you_o suppose_v may_v be_v very_o well_o ask_v and_o you_o give_v a_o most_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o it_o 6._o if_o any_o ask_v i_o what_o this_o solidity_n be_v i_o send_v he_o to_o his_o sense_n to_o inform_v he_o i_o have_v think_v by_o the_o design_n of_o your_o book_n you_o will_v have_v send_v he_o to_o his_o idea_n for_o certainty_n and_o be_v we_o send_v back_o again_o from_o our_o idea_n to_o our_o sense_n what_o do_v these_o idea_n signify_v then_o but_o you_o say_v far_o that_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a explication_n of_o solidity_n you_o promise_v to_o tell_v he_o what_o it_o be_v when_o he_o tell_v you_o what_o think_v be_v or_o explain_v to_o you_o what_o extension_n and_o motion_n be_v be_v we_o not_o now_o in_o the_o true_a way_n of_o certainty_n when_o such_o thing_n as_o these_o be_v give_v over_o of_o which_o we_o have_v the_o clear_a evidence_n by_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n for_o here_o you_o make_v it_o as_o impossible_a to_o come_v to_o certain_a clear_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o these_o thing_n as_o to_o discourse_v into_o a_o blind_a man_n the_o idea_n of_o light_n and_o colour_n be_v not_o this_o a_o rare_a
to_o have_v have_v you_o explain_v yourself_o to_o the_o general_a satisfaction_n yet_o since_o you_o decline_v it_o i_o do_v insist_v upon_o it_o that_o you_o can_v clear_v yourself_o from_o lay_v that_o foundation_n which_o the_o author_n of_o christianity_n not_o mysterious_a build_v upon_o for_o your_o ground_n of_o certainty_n be_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n as_o express_v in_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v your_o own_o word_n from_o hence_o i_o urge_v that_o let_v the_o proposition_n come_v to_o we_o any_o way_n either_o by_o humane_a or_o divine_a authority_n if_o our_o certainty_n depend_v upon_o this_o we_o can_v be_v no_o more_o certain_a than_o we_o have_v clear_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o from_o hence_o the_o author_n of_o christianity_n not_o mysterious_a thought_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o reject_v all_o mystery_n of_o faith_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o proposition_n upon_o your_o ground_n of_o certainty_n by_o this_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o although_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o allow_v you_o all_o fair_a way_n of_o interpret_n your_o own_o sense_n yet_o i_o by_o no_o mean_n think_v that_o your_o word_n be_v whole_o misunderstand_v or_o misapply_v by_o that_o author_n but_o rather_o that_o he_o see_v into_o the_o true_a consequence_n of_o they_o as_o they_o lie_v in_o you_o book_n and_o what_o answer_v do_v you_o give_v to_o this_o not_o a_o word_n in_o the_o proper_a place_n for_o it_o but_o afterward_o for_o i_o will_v omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o help_v your_o cause_n you_o offer_v something_o towards_o a_o answer_n for_o there_o you_o distinguish_v the_o certainty_n of_o faith_n 95._o and_o the_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n and_o you_o humble_o conceive_v the_o certainty_n of_o faith_n if_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v it_o so_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n and_o to_o talk_v of_o the_o 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basis_n which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v by_o it_o and_o every_o article_n of_o that_o have_v just_a the_o same_o unmoved_a foundation_n and_o the_o very_a same_o credibility_n that_o it_o have_v before_o this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o what_o you_o say_v about_o this_o matter_n and_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a passage_n in_o your_o book_n towards_o clear_v this_o matter_n but_o i_o be_v aware_a of_o this_o 83._o as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n be_v faith_n a_o unreasonable_a act_n be_v it_o not_o a_o assent_n to_o a_o proposition_n then_o if_o all_o certainty_n in_o act_n of_o reason_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n contain_v in_o it_o either_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n in_o the_o reasonable_a act_n of_o faith_n or_o the_o ground_n of_o certainty_n must_v be_v lay_v some_o other_o way_n but_o this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o too_o great_a weight_n and_o consequence_n to_o be_v easy_o pass_v over_o because_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o your_o defence_n lie_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v more_o strict_o examine_v what_o you_o say_v and_o set_v this_o point_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o faith_n in_o as_o good_a a_o light_n as_o i_o can_v and_o show_v the_o inconsistency_n of_o your_o notion_n of_o idea_n with_o the_o article_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n to_o talk_v of_o the_o certainty_n of_o faith_n say_v you_o seem_v all_o one_o to_o you_o as_o to_o talk_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o believe_v a_o way_n of_o speak_v not_o easy_a for_o you_o to_o understand_v but_o how_o come_v the_o certainty_n of_o faith_n to_o become_v so_o hard_a a_o point_n with_o you_o have_v not_o all_o mankind_n who_o have_v talk_v of_o matter_n of_o faith_n allow_v a_o certainty_n of_o faith_n as_o well_o as_o a_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n although_o upon_o different_a ground_n in_o your_o former_a letter_n you_o tell_v we_o that_o if_o we_o know_v the_o original_a of_o word_n we_o shall_v be_v much_o help_v to_o the_o idea_n they_o be_v first_o apply_v to_o and_o make_v to_o stand_v for_o now_o what_o be_v there_o in_o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n certainty_n which_o make_v it_o uncapable_a of_o be_v apply_v to_o faith_n i_o have_v think_v that_o our_o word_n be_v take_v from_o the_o latin_a and_o that_o among_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v oppose_v to_o doubt_v nil_fw-la tam_fw-la certum_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la dubio_fw-la certum_fw-la and_o therefore_o where_o the_o mind_n upon_o examination_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o assent_n see_v no_o reason_n for_o doubt_v it_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v certain_a if_o it_o see_v no_o cause_n to_o doubt_v from_o the_o evidence_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o the_o clear_a deduction_n of_o consequence_n that_o be_v certainty_n of_o knowledge_n but_o where_o it_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o doubt_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v that_o be_v certainty_n of_o believe_v and_o the_o great_a the_o authority_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v the_o less_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o doubt_v and_o therefore_o the_o great_a certainty_n of_o faith_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v and_o so_o have_v the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n think_v to_o this_o day_n but_o it_o seem_v our_o old_a word_n must_v not_o now_o pass_v in_o the_o current_a sense_n but_o than_o it_o be_v fit_a they_o be_v call_v in_o and_o new_o stamp_v that_o we_o may_v have_v none_o but_o new_o mill_v word_n to_o talk_v with_o but_o in_o common_a justice_n a_o competent_a time_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v for_o it_o that_o none_o be_v surprise_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o ought_v to_o pass_v in_o their_o current_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v all_o the_o favour_n i_o desire_v in_o this_o matter_n but_o i_o be_o utter_o against_o any_o private_a mint_n of_o word_n and_o think_v those_o person_n assume_v too_o much_o authority_n to_o themselves_o who_o will_v not_o suffer_v common_a word_n to_o pass_v in_o their_o general_a acceptation_n but_o will_v set_v such_o bound_n and_o limit_n to_o the_o sense_n of_o they_o as_o suit_n best_o with_o their_o own_o speculation_n but_o be_v not_o this_o all_o one_o as_o to_o talk_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o believe_v for_o what_o reason_n knowledge_n and_o faith_n be_v too_o distinct_a thing_n the_o one_o relate_v to_o evidence_n and_o the_o other_o to_o testimony_n but_o certainty_n be_v common_a to_o they_o both_o unless_o you_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o be_v certain_a upon_o any_o testimony_n whatsoever_o 3._o you_o tell_v we_o in_o your_o postscript_n which_o i_o hope_v may_v be_v bring_v hither_o without_o offence_n that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n among_o christian_n to_o raise_v such_o a_o doubt_n of_o this_o whether_o a_o infinite_o powerful_a and_o wise_a be_v be_v veracious_a or_o no._n then_o i_o suppose_v the_o veracity_n of_o god_n be_v a_o certain_a and_o undoubted_a principle_n and_o if_o there_o be_v sufficient_a mean_n to_o assure_v we_o of_o divine_a revelation_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o yield_v there_o be_v what_o shall_v hinder_v one_o that_o believe_v upon_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v he_o from_o attain_v to_o a_o certainty_n of_o faith_n but_o you_o take_v certainty_n as_o belong_v only_o to_o knowledge_n so_o do_v the_o papist_n as_o belong_v only_o to_o infallibility_n and_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n of_o faith_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o infallible_a proponent_n but_o neither_o you_o nor_o they_o be_v to_o impose_v upon_o the_o understanding_n of_o mankind_n who_o know_v how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o ground_n of_o certainty_n both_o from_o knowledge_n and_o infallibility_n you_o allow_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o assurance_n of_o faith_n 96._o
from_o whence_o we_o see_v that_o aristotle_n notion_n of_o nature_n be_v very_o consistent_a with_o a_o efficient_a cause_n of_o nature_n but_o your_o gentleman_n say_v 119._o that_o to_o those_o who_o admit_v not_o matter_n and_o motion_n to_o be_v eternal_a no_o nature_n in_o that_o sense_n will_v be_v leave_v since_o nature_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o corporeal_a substance_n which_o have_v the_o principle_n of_o motion_n in_o itself_o and_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n those_o man_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o at_o all_o and_o consequent_o none_o of_o nature_n which_o be_v such_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n but_o if_o aristotle_n do_v not_o suppose_v matter_n to_o move_v itself_o without_o a_o efficient_a cause_n as_o certain_o he_o do_v not_o than_o all_o this_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o his_o notion_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o substantial_a principle_n of_o life_n and_o action_n may_v remain_v good_a but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v one_o of_o his_o singular_a notion_n and_o that_o no_o other_o philosopher_n take_v it_o so_o which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v true_a that_o a_o great_a enemy_n of_o aristotle_n confess_v 207._o that_o the_o name_n of_o nature_n among_o the_o writer_n before_o he_o extend_v to_o all_o kind_n of_o being_n and_o not_o only_o to_o individual_a but_o to_o specific_a nature_n aristotle_n fault_n lie_v in_o apply_v nature_n only_o to_o corporeal_a substance_n and_o whatever_o be_v above_o they_o he_o look_v on_o as_o above_o nature_n but_o the_o pythagorean_n and_o platonist_n take_v nature_n to_o extend_v to_o spiritual_a as_o well_o as_o bodily_a substance_n which_o appear_v by_o timaeus_n locrus_n his_o book_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o beginning_n whereof_o he_o divide_v thing_n into_o two_o kind_n intellectual_a and_o corporeal_a and_o the_o former_a who_o nature_n be_v more_o excellent_a he_o derive_v immediate_o from_o the_o best_a principle_n viz._n god_n himself_o but_o to_o make_v this_o plain_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v four_o opinion_n among_o the_o old_a philosopher_n about_o nature_n some_o hold_v nature_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o matter_n and_o attribute_v the_o beginning_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o that_o alone_a such_o be_v the_o follower_n of_o anaximander_n and_o democritus_n other_o reject_v this_o doctrine_n as_o absurd_a and_o impious_a and_o hold_v a_o divine_a be_v above_o matter_n which_o give_v the_o beginning_n to_o motion_n and_o frame_v the_o world_n and_o they_o assert_v spiritual_a as_o well_o as_o corporeal_a nature_n and_o these_o be_v the_o follower_n of_o pythagoras_n and_o anaxagoras_n other_o assert_v the_o beginning_n of_o motion_n and_o of_o the_o world_n from_o a_o first_o cause_n but_o confine_v the_o sense_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n establish_v in_o this_o visible_a world_n by_o a_o universal_a providence_n at_o first_o and_o this_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n to_o the_o time_n of_o strato_n who_o attribute_v all_o to_o mere_a nature_n last_o there_o be_v some_o who_o make_v nature_n to_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n which_o form_v all_o thing_n which_o sometime_o they_o call_v god_n and_o sometime_o nature_n as_o be_v obvious_a in_o all_o the_o write_n of_o the_o stoic_n vis_fw-fr illum_fw-la naturam_fw-la vocare_fw-la non_fw-it peccabis_fw-la say_v seneca_n 45._o and_o in_o another_o place_n quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la natura_fw-la quam_fw-la deus_fw-la &_o divina_fw-la ratio_fw-la 8._o and_o again_o nec_fw-la deus_fw-la sine_fw-la naturâ_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la natura_fw-la sine_fw-la deo_fw-la sed_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la utrumque_fw-la which_o he_o elsewhere_o call_v 8._o incorporalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la ingentium_fw-la operum_fw-la artifex_n with_o which_o balbus_n in_o cicero_n agree_v 2._o when_o he_o define_v nature_n from_o zeno_n to_o be_v a_o intelligent_a fire_n that_o produce_v all_o thing_n for_o what_o he_o call_v ignem_fw-la artificiosum_fw-la ad_fw-la gignendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n laertius_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o it_o be_v call_v in_o cicero_n natura_n artifex_n consultrix_fw-la &_o provida_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o can_v agree_v to_o nothing_o but_o a_o spiritual_a substance_n and_o when_o he_o explain_v what_o nature_n be_v he_o say_v that_o epicurus_n call_v all_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nature_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o matter_n and_o vacuity_n and_o the_o accident_n of_o both_o but_o we_o say_v he_o of_o the_o stoic_n by_o nature_n understand_v no_o inanimate_a thing_n which_o have_v no_o principle_n within_o to_o unite_v they_o as_o earth_n and_o stone_n but_o a_o live_a substance_n as_o a_o animal_n in_o which_o be_v no_o chance_n but_o order_n and_o contrivance_n and_o so_o plato_n say_v phileb_n that_o nature_n order_v all_o thing_n with_o reason_n and_o understanding_n by_o which_o he_o understand_v the_o divide_v be_v if_o we_o come_v low_o down_o among_o the_o philosopher_n we_o shall_v find_v nature_n take_v for_o a_o principle_n of_o life_n 2._o so_o sextus_n empiricus_n distinguish_v the_o union_n of_o matter_n in_o stone_n and_o wood_n from_o that_o which_o be_v in_o plant_n 324._o and_o this_o he_o call_v nature_n which_o be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o it_o for_o afterward_o he_o speak_v of_o rational_a and_o intellectual_a nature_n and_o place_n god_n in_o the_o head_n of_o they_o 14._o antoninus_n distinguish_v nature_n in_o plant_n from_o a_o heap_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n in_o wood_n and_o stone_n 2._o but_o in_o another_o place_n he_o distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v mere_a nature_n in_o man_n viz._n what_o he_o have_v in_o common_a with_o plant_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o animal_n in_o he_o and_o that_o again_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rational_a creature_n in_o he_o here_o indeed_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o property_n of_o those_o nature_n but_o he_o still_o suppose_v that_o where_o they_o be_v separate_v they_o be_v found_v in_o distinct_a substance_n so_o that_o i_o hope_v if_o the_o philosopher_n of_o old_a of_o all_o kind_n do_v understand_v the_o sense_n of_o nature_n and_o substance_n the_o gentleman_n may_v not_o continue_v in_o such_o a_o peremptory_a humour_n of_o say_v that_o for_o his_o life_n he_o can_v understand_v nature_n to_o be_v substance_n nor_o substance_n to_o be_v nature_n for_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o however_o they_o differ_v in_o their_o opinion_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o have_v something_o far_a to_o add_v concern_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n in_o this_o matter_n which_o i_o think_v be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v despise_v it_o be_v observe_v by_o damascen_n 32._o that_o some_o of_o the_o philosopher_n make_v this_o difference_n between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o former_a be_v take_v for_o simple_a essence_n but_o the_o latter_a for_o essence_n with_o a_o specifical_a difference_n but_o that_o the_o christian_a writer_n take_v both_o of_o they_o for_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o more_o than_o one_o as_o a_o angel_n a_o man_n a_o horse_n etc._n etc._n so_o st._n chrysostom_n call_v angel_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gen._n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o theodoret_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2._o st._n basil_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o they_o all_o agree_v 1._o that_o incorporeal_a and_o invisible_a substance_n be_v real_a nature_n and_o the_o reason_n damascen_n give_v be_v that_o they_o have_v both_o the_o same_o original_a and_o you_o know_v that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a idea_n for_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d both_o which_o be_v the_o same_o so_o that_o if_o real_a existence_n belong_v to_o substance_n and_o nature_n have_v its_o name_n from_o thence_o too_o then_o substance_n and_o nature_n must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o importance_n and_o this_o notion_n of_o nature_n they_o do_v not_o take_v up_o mere_o from_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n but_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o in_o scripture_n as_o when_o st._n paul_n say_v they_o worship_v those_o which_o by_o nature_n be_v no_o god_n 4.8_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o alexandrian_a copy_n have_v it_o more_o clear_o i._n e._n which_o be_v not_o real_o and_o substantial_o go_n they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o god_n and_o the_o divine_a property_n be_v attribute_v to_o they_o but_o because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o divine_a essence_n they_o be_v say_v not_o to_o be_v god_n by_o nature_n and_o what_o sense_n will_v this_o gentleman_n make_v of_o the_o apostle_n word_n who_o can_v for_o his_o life_n understand_v that_o nature_n be_v the_o same_o
upon_o and_o then_o compare_v your_o way_n of_o idea_n with_o they_o 5._o aristotle_n observe_v that_o socrates_n first_o bring_v in_o definition_n and_o induction_n in_o order_n to_o certainty_n and_o go_v no_o far_o plato_n allow_v no_o certainty_n but_o only_a opinion_n as_o to_o external_n object_n but_o he_o say_v that_o certainty_n depend_v upon_o abstract_n and_o separate_a idea_n which_o be_v always_o the_o same_o this_o he_o take_v 32._o as_o i_o observe_v in_o my_o former_a letter_n from_o the_o pythagorean_n only_o change_v number_n into_o idea_n for_o by_o number_n they_o understand_v first_o principle_n not_o gross_a and_o material_a but_o immaterial_a and_o eternal_a 5._o as_o jamblichus_n say_v and_o therefore_o moderatus_n gaditanus_n one_o of_o the_o most_o understand_a man_n among_o they_o say_v the_o pythagorean_n bring_v in_o number_n pythag._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o more_o decent_a way_n of_o instruction_n follow_v the_o practice_n of_o geometrician_n who_o make_v use_v of_o figure_n to_o represent_v thing_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o therefore_o their_o doctrine_n of_o number_n be_v the_o philosophy_n of_o principle_n or_o the_o general_a ground_n of_o certainty_n but_o this_o be_v so_o abstruse_a and_o so_o little_o understand_v that_o it_o soon_o lose_v its_o reputation_n as_o porphyry_n observe_v or_o be_v mix_v with_o plantonism_n and_o therefore_o photinus_n join_v the_o pythagorean_n and_o platonic_a principle_n together_o but_o aristotle_n be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o these_o abstract_a speculation_n and_o therefore_o set_v himself_o so_o much_o on_o all_o occasion_n against_o idea_n and_o number_n especial_o in_o his_o metaphysic_n 5._o but_o instead_o thereof_o he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v down_o certainty_n to_o material_a thing_n and_o to_o real_a being_n in_o order_n to_o this_o he_o see_v it_o necessary_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n by_o explain_v doubtful_a term_n and_o by_o rank_v thing_n under_o several_a head_n which_o he_o call_v category_n wherein_o all_o thing_n be_v reduce_v to_o substance_n and_o accident_n belong_v to_o they_o to_o which_o he_o join_v some_o general_a discourse_n about_o the_o right_a apprehension_n of_o thing_n simple_o consider_v but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o all_o the_o category_n from_o archytas_n the_o pythagorean_n downward_o who_o first_o place_v they_o in_o that_o order_n substance_n be_v first_o rank_v as_o the_o most_o proper_a idea_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o all_o accident_n or_o mode_n be_v consider_v with_o respect_n to_o that_o and_o the_o french_a cartesian_n in_o their_o logic_n place_n substance_n as_o the_o first_o object_n of_o their_o idea_n and_o do_v not_o leave_v we_o a_o relative_a idea_n to_o be_v suppose_v only_o because_o accident_n can_v subsist_v without_o a_o subject_a then_o follow_v the_o way_n of_o understand_v the_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n of_o proposition_n after_o which_o he_o pursue_v the_o way_n of_o reason_v or_o infer_v one_o thing_n from_o another_o which_o he_o call_v syllogize_v wherein_o he_o profess_v to_o go_v upon_o this_o common_a principle_n of_o reason_n that_o what_o thing_n do_v agree_v in_o a_o three_o must_v agree_v among_o themselves_o but_o be_v not_o content_a with_o the_o ordinary_a dialectical_a way_n which_o proceed_v upon_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o party_n he_o attempt_v to_o bring_v in_o true_a demonstration_n to_o which_o he_o suppose_v general_a axiom_n necessary_a and_o definition_n and_o postulata_fw-la and_o he_o distinguish_v between_o a_o necessary_a conclusion_n and_o a_o demonstration_n for_o the_o former_a may_v arise_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v but_o a_o demonstration_n suppose_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o that_o the_o proposition_n be_v such_o as_o that_o the_o conclusion_n necessary_o follow_v from_o they_o so_o that_o demonstration_n according_a to_o he_o must_v be_v of_o a_o inseparable_a property_n and_o by_o the_o most_o immediate_a and_o necessary_a cause_n how_o far_o aristotle_n notion_n of_o demonstration_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o physical_a matter_n be_v not_o my_o business_n to_o inquire_v it_o be_v only_o to_o show_v what_o his_o method_n of_o certainty_n be_v but_o beside_o aristotle_n the_o stoic_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o lay_v down_o the_o true_a method_n of_o certainty_n and_o they_o go_v another_o way_n to_o work_v about_o it_o viz._n 1._o by_o find_v out_o the_o criterion_n of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n 2._o by_o examine_v the_o consequence_n and_o deduction_n of_o reason_n as_o to_o thing_n which_o have_v some_o degree_n of_o evidence_n to_o sense_n or_o reason_n they_o make_v the_o criterion_n necessary_a but_o for_o those_o which_o have_v not_o but_o must_v be_v prove_v the_o examination_n of_o that_o proof_n be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o certainty_n the_o criterion_n be_v agree_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o measure_n whereby_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o thing_n but_o as_o in_o the_o use_n of_o balance_n for_o weight_n there_o must_v be_v one_o to_o hold_v they_o and_o the_o balance_n themselves_o and_o the_o position_n of_o they_o and_o as_o in_o the_o judge_n of_o a_o line_n whether_o straight_o or_o crooked_a there_o must_v be_v the_o artificer_n the_o rule_n and_o the_o application_n of_o it_o so_o in_o judge_v of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n there_o must_v be_v the_o faculty_n of_o understanding_n as_o the_o artificer_n sense_n and_o reason_n as_o the_o rule_n and_o the_o inward_a idea_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o position_n of_o the_o balance_n or_o the_o application_n of_o the_o rule_n now_o that_o which_o they_o place_v their_o notion_n of_o certainty_n in_o be_v that_o inward_a and_o comprehensive_a idea_n which_o be_v call_v by_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o it_o be_v a_o weak_a assent_n they_o call_v it_o opinion_n for_o they_o make_v the_o assent_n voluntary_a notwithstanding_o the_o criterion_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o firm_a and_o immovable_a assent_n that_o they_o call_v knowledge_n and_o certainty_n but_o beside_o these_o comprehensive_a idea_n they_o do_v allow_v of_o common_a notion_n 33._o which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o anticipation_n of_o which_o arrian_n speak_v and_o simplicius_n say_v they_o be_v those_o wherein_o all_o be_v agree_v and_o be_v plant_v in_o we_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o confirm_v by_o time_n and_o observation_n as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n they_o take_v great_a pain_n about_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o word_n the_o rank_n and_o order_n of_o thing_n the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o proposition_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o sign_n whereof_o some_o be_v monitory_a and_o other_o demonstrative_a and_o the_o prove_v a_o thing_n uncertain_a by_o something_o grant_v to_o be_v certain_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v demonstration_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o eleatic_a school_n the_o most_o simple_a and_o natural_a way_n of_o reason_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v by_o draw_v consequence_n upon_o supposition_n and_o the_o way_n the_o stoic_n take_v to_o judge_v of_o reason_v be_v by_o judge_v what_o approach_v near_a to_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o reason_v such_o as_o that_o every_o thing_n we_o talk_v about_o either_o must_v be_v or_o not_o be_v and_o in_o such_o disjunct_a proposition_n one_o part_n or_o other_o must_v be_v take_v and_o then_o a_o train_n of_o consequence_n follow_v and_o plutarch_n no_o friend_n to_o the_o stoic_n think_v this_o faculty_n of_o draw_v consequence_n lay_v the_o best_a foundation_n for_o demonstration_n for_o the_o principle_n of_o it_o 58._o he_o say_v be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o connex_v way_n of_o reason_v that_o be_v as_o simplicius_n explain_v it_o when_o two_o thing_n be_v so_o join_v together_o as_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_a that_o by_o position_n of_o the_o antecedent_n the_o consequent_a follow_v and_o by_o take_v away_o the_o consequent_a the_o antecedent_n be_v remove_v thus_o i_o have_v in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o i_o can_v lay_v together_o those_o old_a method_n of_o certainty_n which_o have_v obtain_v great_a reputation_n in_o the_o world_n but_o your_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n be_v so_o whole_o new_a that_o here_o we_o have_v no_o general_a principle_n no_o criterion_n no_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_n no_o syllogistical_a method_n of_o demonstration_n and_o yet_o we_o be_v tell_v of_o a_o better_a way_n of_o certainty_n to_o be_v attain_v mere_o by_o the_o help_n of_o idea_n but_o how_o come_v there_o to_o be_v such_o a_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n and_o yet_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v so_o uncertain_a and_o obscure_a i_o confess_v that_o the_o more_o i_o look_v into_o it_o the_o far_a it_o appear_v to_o be_v from_o a_o way_n of_o certainty_n to_o i_o 14._o for_o in_o your_o chapter_n of_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n you_o have_v these_o word_n for_o it_o
and_o why_o not_o certainty_n as_o well_o as_o assurance_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o you_o have_v appropriate_v certainty_n to_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n in_o any_o proposition_n and_o now_o you_o find_v this_o will_v not_o hold_v as_o to_o article_n of_o faith_n and_o therefore_o you_o will_v allow_v no_o certainty_n of_o faith_n which_o i_o think_v be_v not_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o your_o cause_n but_o you_o go_v on_o and_o tell_v we_o that_o if_o this_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n do_v not_o hold_v yet_o it_o can_v affect_v matter_n of_o faith_n which_o stand_v immovable_a upon_o other_o ground_n faith_n in_o your_o own_o word_n stand_v still_o upon_o its_o own_o basis_n and_o every_o article_n of_o it_o have_v just_a the_o same_o unmoved_a foundation_n and_o the_o very_a same_o credibility_n that_o it_o have_v before_o this_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a answer_n when_o we_o have_v thorough_o examine_v it_o here_o we_o see_v faith_n be_v take_v not_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o general_a ground_n of_o certainty_n but_o to_o the_o particular_a article_n of_o faith_n i._n e._n the_o proposition_n contain_v in_o that_o revelation_n which_o we_o embrace_v on_o the_o account_n of_o its_o divine_a authority_n now_o these_o proposition_n be_v of_o several_a kind_n 1._o some_o that_o be_v more_o clear_o express_v therein_o but_o such_o as_o may_v be_v attain_v to_o by_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n without_o revelation_n and_o such_o be_v the_o fundamental_a principle_n of_o natural_a religion_n viz._n the_o be_v of_o god_n and_o providence_n and_o the_o reward_n and_o punishment_n of_o a_o future_a state_n these_o mankind_n may_v attain_v to_o a_o certainty_n in_o without_o revelation_n or_o else_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o natural_a religion_n in_o the_o world_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v more_o full_o and_o plain_o reveal_v in_o the_o scripture_n let_v we_o now_o suppose_v a_o person_n by_o natural_a reason_n to_o attain_v to_o a_o certainty_n as_o to_o the_o be_v of_o god_n and_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o he_o proceed_v upon_o your_o general_a ground_n of_o certainty_n from_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n and_o so_o from_o the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o the_o soul_n he_o be_v make_v certain_a of_o those_o two_o point_n before_o mention_v but_o let_v we_o again_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o person_n upon_o a_o far_a examination_n of_o your_o method_n of_o proceed_v find_v that_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n in_o these_o case_n will_v not_o do_v for_o no_o idea_n prove_v the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n without_o itself_o 131._o no_o more_o than_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n prove_v his_o be_v or_o the_o vision_n of_o a_o dream_n make_v a_o true_a history_n which_o be_v your_o own_o expression_n and_o for_o the_o soul_n he_o can_v be_v certain_a but_o that_o matter_n may_v think_v as_o you_o affirm_v and_o than_o what_o become_v of_o the_o soul_n immateriality_n and_o consequent_o immortality_n from_o its_o operation_n but_o for_o all_o this_o say_v you_o his_o assurance_n of_o faith_n remain_v firm_a on_o its_o own_o basis._n now_o i_o appeal_v to_o any_o man_n of_o sense_n whether_o the_o find_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o own_o principle_n which_o he_o go_v upon_o in_o point_n of_o reason_n do_v not_o weaken_v the_o credibility_n of_o these_o fundamental_a article_n when_o they_o be_v consider_v pure_o as_o matter_n of_o faith_n for_o before_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a credibility_n in_o they_o on_o the_o account_n of_o reason_n but_o by_o go_v on_o wrong_a ground_n of_o certainty_n all_o that_o be_v lose_v and_o instead_o of_o be_v certain_a he_o be_v more_o doubtful_a than_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o evidence_n of_o faith_n fall_v so_o much_o short_a of_o that_o of_o reason_n it_o must_v needs_o have_v less_o effect_n upon_o man_n mind_n when_o the_o subserviency_n of_o reason_n be_v take_v away_o as_o it_o must_v be_v when_o the_o ground_n of_o certainty_n by_o reason_n be_v vanish_v be_v it_o at_o all_o probable_a that_o he_o who_o find_v his_o reason_n deceive_v he_o in_o such_o fundamental_a point_n shall_v have_v his_o faith_n stand_v firm_a and_o unmoveable_a on_o the_o account_n of_o revelation_n for_o in_o matter_n of_o revelation_n there_o must_v be_v some_o antecedent_n principle_n suppose_v before_o we_o can_v believe_v any_o thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o it_o and_o the_o first_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n but_o this_o be_v the_o very_a thing_n he_o find_v himself_o at_o a_o loss_n in_o by_o his_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n and_o how_o can_v his_o faith_n stand_v firm_a as_o to_o divine_a revelation_n when_o he_o be_v make_v uncertain_a by_o his_o own_o way_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o god_n or_o no_o beside_o to_o suppose_v divine_a revelation_n we_o must_v be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o principle_n above_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o the_o world_n but_o here_o we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o principle_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n he_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o this_o because_o he_o do_v not_o know_v but_o matter_n may_v think_v and_o consequent_o all_o revelation_n may_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o exalt_v fancy_n or_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o disorder_a imagination_n as_o spinoza_n affirm_v again_o before_o there_o can_v be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o assurance_n of_o faith_n upon_o divine_a revelation_n there_o must_v be_v a_o certainty_n as_o to_o sense_n and_o tradition_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o revelation_n pretend_v now_o without_o immediate_a inspiration_n and_o the_o basis_n of_o our_o faith_n be_v a_o revelation_n contain_v in_o a_o ancient_a book_n whereof_o the_o part_n be_v deliver_v at_o distant_a time_n but_o convey_v down_o to_o we_o by_o a_o universal_a tradition_n but_o now_o what_o if_o your_o ground_n of_o certainty_n can_v give_v we_o no_o assurance_n as_o to_o these_o thing_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v that_o they_o can_v demonstrate_v matter_n of_o fact_n which_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a to_o expect_v but_o that_o these_o ground_n of_o certainty_n make_v all_o thing_n uncertain_a 131._o for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v that_o this_o way_n of_o idea_n can_v give_v a_o satisfactory_a account_n as_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o plain_a object_n of_o sense_n because_o reason_n can_v perceive_v the_o connexion_n between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o idea_n how_o then_o can_v we_o arrive_v to_o any_o certainty_n in_o perceive_v those_o object_n by_o their_o idea_n and_o i_o be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o i_o say_v this_o way_n tend_v to_o scepticism_n and_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o consistent_a with_o the_o assurance_n of_o faith_n but_o this_o be_v a_o imputation_n you_o take_v very_o ill_a 170._o and_o say_v that_o i_o have_v bring_v no_o argument_n for_o it_o but_o only_o that_o my_o great_a prejudice_n against_o this_o way_n of_o certainty_n be_v that_o it_o lead_v to_o scepticism_n sceptism_n be_v the_o new_a mill_v word_n this_o be_v very_o strange_a when_o that_o expression_n be_v only_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o argument_n from_o p._n 125_o to_o 132_o to_o which_o no_o answer_n at_o all_o be_v give_v and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o there_o be_v other_o proposition_n or_o article_n of_o faith_n which_o whole_o depend_v on_o the_o sense_n of_o word_n contain_v in_o the_o scripture_n 2._o and_o we_o be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o assurance_n of_o faith_n as_o you_o call_v it_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o overthrow_v your_o ground_n of_o certainty_n i._n e._n whether_o those_o who_o embrace_v the_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n can_v retain_v their_o certainty_n of_o those_o article_n when_o these_o idea_n be_v quit_v and_o this_o alone_o will_v be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n in_o the_o case_n that_o the_o certainty_n of_o faith_n can_v stand_v with_o such_o man_n if_o this_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n be_v destroy_v and_o by_o this_o which_o i_o be_o now_o to_o make_v out_o let_v any_o one_o judge_n how_o true_a your_o word_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v when_o you_o say_v let_v the_o ground_n of_o knowledge_n or_o certainty_n be_v resolve_v into_o what_o they_o please_v it_o touch_v not_o your_o faith_n the_o foundation_n of_o that_o stand_v as_o sure_a as_o before_o and_o can_v be_v at_o all_o shake_v by_o it_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v judge_v by_o some_o important_a article_n of_o christian_a faith_n according_a to_o your_o idea_n the_o first_o shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o reason_n of_o believe_v the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o same_o body_n upon_o your_o ground_n be_v from_o the_o idea_n of_o identity_n which_o i_o take_v to_o
be_v this_o from_o your_o own_o word_n 3._o 1._o that_o the_o identity_n of_o live_a creature_n depend_v not_o on_o a_o mass_n of_o the_o same_o particle_n but_o on_o something_o else_o for_o in_o they_o the_o variation_n of_o great_a parcel_n of_o matter_n alter_v not_o the_o identity_n for_o which_o you_o instance_n in_o the_o growth_n of_o a_o oak_n and_o a_o horse_n 6._o 2._o that_o the_o identity_n of_o a_o man_n consist_v in_o nothing_o but_o a_o participation_n of_o the_o same_o continue_a life_n by_o constant_o fleet_v particle_n of_o matter_n in_o succession_n vital_o unite_v to_o the_o same_o organise_v body_n 9_o 3._o that_o personal_a identity_n i._n e._n the_o sameness_n of_o a_o rational_a be_v lie_n in_o self-consciousness_n and_o in_o that_o alone_a whether_o it_o be_v annex_v only_o to_o one_o individual_a substance_n or_o can_v be_v continue_v in_o a_o succession_n of_o several_a substance_n 11._o 4._o that_o those_o who_o place_n think_v in_o a_o pure_o material_a animal_n constitution_n void_a of_o spirit_n do_v place_n personal_a identity_n in_o something_o else_o that_o identity_n of_o substance_n as_o animal_n identity_n be_v preserve_v in_o identity_n of_o life_n and_o not_o of_o substance_n 16._o 5._o that_o it_o matter_n not_o to_o this_o point_n of_o be_v the_o same_o self_n whether_o this_o present_a self_n be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o same_o or_o other_o substance_n 18._o 6._o that_o in_o this_o personal_a identity_n of_o self-consciousness_n be_v found_v all_o the_o right_n and_o justice_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n happiness_n and_o misery_n be_v that_o for_o which_o every_o one_o be_v concern_v for_o himself_o not_o matter_a what_o become_v of_o any_o substance_n not_o join_v to_o or_o affect_v with_o that_o consciousness_n 26._o 7._o that_o the_o sentence_n at_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n will_v be_v justify_v by_o the_o consciousness_n all_o person_n shall_v have_v that_o they_o themselves_o in_o what_o body_n soever_o they_o appear_v or_o what_o substance_n soever_o that_o consciousness_n adhere_v to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o commit_v those_o action_n and_o deserve_v that_o punishment_n for_o they_o this_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o true_a and_o just_a account_n of_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o matter_n and_o so_o the_o article_n of_o the_o resurrection_n be_v resolve_v into_o your_o idea_n of_o personal_a identity_n and_o the_o question_n between_o we_o now_o be_v whether_o your_o certainty_n of_o this_o matter_n from_o your_o idea_n have_v no_o influence_n on_o the_o belief_n of_o this_o article_n of_o faith_n for_o the_o main_a of_o your_o defence_n lie_v upon_o this_o point_n whether_o your_o method_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n do_v at_o all_o shake_n or_o in_o the_o least_o concern_v the_o assurance_n of_o faith_n which_o you_o absolute_o deny_v 96._o and_o affirm_v that_o faith_n stand_v upon_o its_o own_o basis_n and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v by_o your_o method_n of_o certainty_n and_o every_o article_n of_o that_o have_v just_a the_o same_o unmoved_a foundation_n and_o the_o very_a same_o credibility_n that_o it_o have_v before_o now_o i_o take_v this_o article_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a to_o be_v a_o article_n of_o faith_n and_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o if_o your_o method_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n do_v hold_v in_o this_o matter_n it_o continue_v as_o firm_a and_o in_o the_o same_o credibility_n it_o have_v before_o i_o shall_v not_o urge_v you_o with_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o own_o or_o other_o christian_a church_n in_o this_o point_n of_o the_o sameness_n of_o the_o body_n in_o the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a but_o i_o shall_v continue_v myself_o to_o the_o scripture_n as_o the_o foundation_n and_o rule_n of_o our_o faith_n and_o the_o main_a point_n be_v whether_o according_a to_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o same_o substance_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o body_n to_o be_v raise_v up_o at_o the_o last_o day_n i_o do_v not_o say_v the_o same_o individual_a particle_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v unite_v at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n for_o there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o they_o in_o a_o linger_a disease_n as_o if_o a_o fat_a man_n fall_v into_o a_o consumption_n i_o do_v not_o say_v the_o same_o particle_n which_o the_o sinner_n have_v at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o commission_n of_o his_o sin_n for_o then_o a_o long_a sinner_n must_v have_v a_o vast_a body_n consider_v the_o continual_a spend_v of_o particle_n by_o perspiration_n but_o that_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v employ_v in_o it_o be_v that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o same_o material_a substance_n which_o be_v vital_o unite_v to_o the_o soul_n here_o you_o mention_v the_o hypothesis_n of_o those_o who_o place_n think_v in_o a_o pure_o material_a animal_n constitution_n void_a of_o spirit_n but_o you_o agree_v 25._o that_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o this_o consciousness_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o affection_n of_o one_o individual_a immaterial_a substance_n it_o be_v very_o well_o that_o it_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n but_o it_o seem_v without_o any_o certainty_n as_o to_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o for_o you_o have_v tell_v we_o what_o the_o effect_n of_o probability_n be_v 1_o viz._n that_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o induce_v the_o mind_n to_o judge_v the_o proposition_n true_a or_o false_a rather_o than_o the_o contrary_a and_o that_o it_o be_v conversant_a about_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n 4._o but_o only_o some_o inducement_n to_o receive_v it_o for_o true_a thence_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n upon_o your_o ground_n that_o self-consciousness_n depend_v upon_o a_o individual_a immaterial_a substance_n and_o consequent_o that_o a_o material_a substance_n may_v according_a to_o your_o principle_n have_v self-consciousness_n in_o it_o at_o least_o that_o you_o be_v not_o certain_a of_o the_o contrary_n now_o i_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o do_v not_o a_o little_a affect_v the_o whole_a article_n of_o the_o resurrection_n for_o if_o it_o may_v be_v only_o a_o material_a substance_n in_o we_o that_o think_v than_o this_o substance_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o life_n of_o a_o organise_v body_n must_v cease_v by_o death_n for_o how_o can_v that_o which_o consist_v in_o life_n be_v preserve_v afterward_o and_o if_o the_o personal_a identity_n consist_v in_o a_o self-consciousness_n depend_v on_o such_o a_o substance_n as_o can_v be_v preserve_v without_o a_o organise_v body_n than_o there_o be_v no_o subsistence_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o body_n and_o the_o resurrection_n must_v be_v give_v a_o new_a life_n to_o who_o to_o a_o material_a substance_n which_o whole_o lose_v its_o personal_a identity_n by_o death_n so_o that_o here_o can_v be_v no_o personal_a identity_n at_o all_o unless_o you_o say_v the_o very_a same_o life_n which_o be_v long_o since_o 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