stony_a land_n whereof_o there_o be_v but_o little_a can_v be_v proper_o so_o call_v but_o in_o the_o chiltern_n country_n they_o give_v it_o for_o wheat_n pea_n and_o barley_n much_o the_o same_o tillage_n and_o manure_v they_o do_v clay_n in_o other_o place_n add_v the_o advantage_n of_o chalk_v it_o which_o they_o have_v not_o elsewhere_o for_o their_o clay_n ground_n by_o which_o they_o much_o enrich_v it_o for_o some_o year_n so_o that_o it_o bear_v excellent_a wheat_n barley_n pease_n of_o which_o last_o those_o they_o call_v hampshire-kid_n if_o the_o land_n be_v new_o chalk_v be_v count_v most_o agreeable_a where_o by_o the_o way_n let_v it_o be_v note_v that_o i_o say_v but_o for_o some_o year_n for_o when_o once_o the_o manure_n by_o chalk_n be_v wear_v out_o the_o land_n be_v scarce_o recoverable_a by_o any_o other_o whence_o it_o be_v proverbial_a here_o as_o well_o as_o some_o other_o part_n of_o england_n that_o chalk_v land_n make_v a_o rich_a father_n but_o a_o poor_a son_n thereby_o intimate_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o end_n it_o become_v at_o last_o only_o fit_a for_o ray-grass_n mix_v with_o trefoil_n as_o above_o 68_o last_o their_o sandy_a and_o gravelly_a light_a ground_n have_v also_o much_o the_o same_o tillage_n for_o wheat_n and_o barley_n as_o clay_n etc._n etc._n only_o they_o require_v many_o time_n but_o two_o ploughing_n especial_o if_o for_o wheat_n except_o the_o fallow_a be_v run_v much_o to_o weed_n and_o then_o indeed_o they_o sometime_o afford_v it_o a_o stir_v else_o none_o at_o all_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a grain_n be_v white_z red_z and_o mix_v lammas_n wheat_v and_o miscellan_o i._n e._n wheat_n and_o rye_n together_o and_o then_o after_o a_o year_n fallow_a common_a or_o rathe-ripe_a barley_n so_o that_o it_o general_o lie_v still_o every_o other_o year_n it_o be_v unfit_a for_o hitch_v i._n e._n bean_n and_o pea_n though_o they_o sometime_o sow_v it_o with_o winter_n vetch_n and_o if_o ever_o with_o pea_n the_o small_a rathe-ripes_a be_v account_v the_o best_a it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a manure_n be_v of_o straw_n from_o the_o close_a or_o mixen_n half_o rot_v which_o keep_v it_o open_a and_o suffer_v it_o not_o to_o bind_v too_o much_o where_o subject_a to_o it_o but_o if_o otherwise_o the_o rotten_a dung_n be_v the_o best_a 69._o whereof_o as_o upon_o all_o other_o land_n before_o mention_v they_o lie_v about_o 12_o load_n upon_o a_o common_a field_n acre_n i._n e._n about_o 20_o upon_o a_o statute_n acre_n but_o i_o find_v the_o business_n of_o manure_a land_n to_o have_v a_o great_a latitude_n man_n do_v it_o here_o many_o time_n not_o according_a to_o their_o judgement_n but_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n they_o have_v so_o that_o where_o the_o quantity_n of_o manure_n be_v but_o small_a and_o the_o tillage_n be_v great_a the_o case_n be_v much_o otherwise_o than_o where_o both_o tillage_n and_o manure_n be_v in_o a_o contrary_a condition_n but_o however_o the_o case_n stand_v i_o find_v this_o a_o general_a rule_n among_o they_o that_o they_o always_o soil_v that_o land_n first_o and_o best_a which_o be_v to_o bear_v three_o crop_n one_o on_o the_o tillage_n another_o of_o bean_n and_o pea_n and_o a_o three_o of_o barley_n on_o the_o bean_n or_o pea_n brush_v all_o which_o depend_v upon_o the_o single_a manure_n give_v it_o when_o it_o lay_v fallow_a for_o wheat_n though_o i_o have_v know_v this_o order_n frequent_o invert_v by_o the_o best_a husbandman_n on_o their_o rich_a land_n sow_v barley_n first_o than_o pease_n or_o bean_n and_o their_o wheat_n last_o for_o which_o they_o allege_v this_o very_a good_a reason_n that_o wheat_n follow_v the_o dung_n cart_n on_o their_o best_a land_n be_v the_o more_o liable_a to_o smut_v 70._o and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o ordinary_a manure_n of_o this_o county_n there_o be_v two_o other_o yet_o behind_o viz._n chip_n of_o stone_n and_o woollen_a rag_n not_o altogether_o so_o common_a which_o i_o have_v therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o consider_v apart_o the_o first_o whereof_o i_o meet_v with_o at_o hornton_n near_o banbury_n where_o the_o chip_n of_o the_o stone_n they_o hew_v at_o their_o quarry_n prove_v a_o very_a good_a manure_n for_o their_o ground_n thereabouts_o and_o be_v according_o make_v use_v of_o by_o reason_n no_o doubt_n of_o a_o salt_n that_o stone_n hold_v which_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o weather_n be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o earth_n as_o hint_v before_o in_o chap._n 4._o of_o this_o essay_n 71._o the_o 2_o sort_n i_o first_o observe_v about_o watlington_n and_o the_o two_o britwel_n where_o they_o strew_v they_o on_o their_o land_n with_o good_a success_n &_o i_o have_v hear_v since_o of_o several_a other_o place_n where_o they_o do_v the_o same_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o purchase_v tailor_n shred_n which_o yet_o retain_v somewhat_o of_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o fulling-earth_n with_o which_o they_o be_v dress_v do_v well_o enough_o but_o i_o judge_v they_o not_o so_o good_a as_o other_o old_a rag_n first_o wear_v by_o man_n and_o woman_n which_o must_v needs_o beside_o be_v very_o well_o sate_v with_o urinous_a salt_n contract_v from_o the_o sweat_n and_o continual_a perspiration_n attend_v their_o body_n and_o in_o this_o opinion_n i_o be_o confirm_v by_o sanct._n sanctorius_n who_o be_v positive_a that_o our_o insensible_a evacuation_n transcend_v all_o our_o sensible_a one_o put_v together_o 4._o together_o s._n sanctorii_n medicinae_fw-la staticae_fw-la lib._n 1._o sect_n 1._o aphorism_n 4._o to_o that_o excess_n that_o of_o eight_o pound_n weight_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n be_v take_v by_o a_o man_n in_o one_o day_n his_o insensible_a transpiration_n use_v to_o amount_v to_o five_o 6._o five_o ibid_fw-la aphorism_n 6._o now_o if_o so_o our_o clothes_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o fill_v with_o a_o well_o rectify_v salt_n leave_v behind_o in_o the_o percolation_n of_o the_o steam_n of_o our_o body_n that_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o rational_a if_o well_o consider_v then_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v a_o very_a fit_a manure_n for_o land_n when_o unfit_a for_o other_o use_n 72._o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n sow_o on_o the_o statute_n acre_n they_o differ_v much_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o richness_n or_o meanness_n of_o the_o land_n about_o two_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n and_o vetch_n two_o bushel_n and_o ½_n of_o barley_n oat_n and_o pease_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o bean_n suffice_v the_o poor_a whereas_o the_o rich_a land_n will_v take_v up_o three_o bushel_n or_o more_o of_o wheat_n or_o vetch_n three_o bushel_n and_o ½_n or_o upward_o of_o barley_n oat_n pea_n and_o sometime_o six_o bushel_n of_o bean_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v some_o able_a husbandman_n afford_v more_o seed_n to_o their_o poor_a than_o rich_a land_n give_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o seed_n in_o the_o rich_a do_v tillar_n i._n e._n sprout_n into_o several_a blade_n and_o spread_v on_o the_o ground_n whereas_o on_o the_o poor_a land_n its_o sprout_n come_v all_o single_a which_o therefore_o say_v they_o require_v the_o more_o seed_n 73._o in_o the_o choice_n of_o their_o seed_n they_o have_v a_o double_a respect_n first_o to_o the_o grain_n itself_o and_o second_o to_o the_o land_n it_o grow_v on_o as_o to_o the_o first_o they_o take_v care_n that_o it_o be_v clear_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o seed_n that_o it_o be_v handsome_a round_a corn_n of_o a_o equal_a cize_n which_o some_o of_o they_o call_v even_o shoot_v corn_n or_o well_o breasted_a such_o corn_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o kernel_n and_o the_o likely_a to_o give_v strong_a root_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o soil_n they_o constant_o choose_v corn_n that_o grow_v on_o land_n of_o a_o quite_o different_a nature_n from_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v sow_o on_o but_o in_o general_a they_o desire_v it_o from_o land_n that_o be_v well_o in_o heart_n and_o rich_a in_o its_o kind_n if_o they_o be_v to_o sow_v wheat_n upon_o tillage_n they_o choose_v wheat_n sow_o before_o upon_o bean_n stub_n and_o when_o they_o sow_v upon_o pease_n or_o bean_n stub_n wheat_n sow_o before_o on_o tillage_n for_o clay_n ground_n they_o have_v their_o seed_n from_o red-land_n or_o chalk_n &_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la for_o the_o other_o soil_n that_o from_o clay_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a though_o that_o from_o red-land_n be_v little_a inferior_a for_o barley_n they_o count_v that_o best_a which_o come_v of_o new_a break_a laud_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n none_o so_o good_a as_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o rich_a soil_n 74._o before_o they_o sow_v if_o the_o place_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o annoyance_n of_o smut_a meldew_n bird_n etc._n etc._n they_o take_v care_n to_o prevent_v they_o either_o in_o the_o prepare_n or_o
conclude_v from_o hence_o that_o here_o must_v therefore_o needs_o be_v coal_n yet_o conjoin_v with_o other_o i_o know_v hereabout_o i_o take_v it_o not_o to_o be_v so_o unlikely_a a_o sign_n but_o that_o of_o all_o other_o i_o know_v of_o in_o the_o county_n i_o guess_v this_o may_v be_v the_o most_o probable_a place_n 35._o for_o though_o i_o think_v those_o poisonous_a and_o kill_a steam_n may_v indeed_o more_o immediate_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o a_o pyrite_n or_o coperas_fw-la stone_n find_v here_o in_o great_a plenty_n wherever_o they_o dig_v a_o piece_n whereof_o bring_v i_o by_o a_o friend_n from_o thence_o upon_o taste_n prove_v a_o vitriol_n so_o strong_a and_o virulent_a that_o present_o from_o my_o mouth_n it_o so_o affect_a my_o stomach_n that_o i_o confess_v for_o a_o while_o i_o be_v fearful_a of_o danger_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o common_a consent_n of_o naturalist_n that_o such_o pyrite_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o efflorescence_n of_o mineral_n latent_fw-la underneath_o they_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n my_o conjecture_n thereby_o be_v not_o make_v the_o less_o valid_a 36._o with_o the_o pyrite_n cinereus_fw-la or_o coperas_fw-la stone_n not_o unlikely_a there_o may_v also_o be_v some_o mixture_n of_o arsenic_n which_o advance_v its_o malignity_n to_o that_o deadly_a strength_n that_o no_o man_n may_v approach_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o insensible_a invasion_n of_o this_o secret_a enemy_n may_v for_o ever_o be_v avoid_v let_v all_o workman_n and_o such_o as_o upon_o any_o account_n whatever_o have_v occasion_n to_o dig_v or_o go_v down_o in_o these_o well_n first_o throw_v down_o into_o they_o a_o peck_n of_o good_a lime_n which_o slake_v in_o the_o water_n and_o fume_v out_o at_o the_o top_n will_v so_o effectual_o dispel_v all_o such_o poisonous_a vapour_n that_o they_o may_v safe_o go_v down_o and_o stay_v some_o time_n unhurt_a 37._o from_o these_o mischievous_a one_o of_o vitriol_n and_o arsenic_n i_o proceed_v to_o some_o other_o more_o innocent_a salt_n before_o promise_v more_o full_o to_o be_v handle_v here_o with_o which_o some_o earth_n be_v peculiar_o qualify_v be_v according_o dispose_v to_o petrifie_v body_n how_o all_o petrification_n be_v perform_v by_o salt_n and_o petrification_n per_fw-la minima_fw-la by_o their_o subtle_a steam_n i_o suppose_v have_v already_o sufficient_o be_v show_v as_o also_o how_o water_n most_o probable_o effect_v they_o it_o remain_v only_o therefore_o now_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o water_n do_v afford_v such_o steam_n as_o permeate_n also_o the_o most_o solid_a texture_n 38._o to_o which_o purpose_n i_o meet_v with_o a_o curious_a instance_n in_o the_o field_n between_o clifton_n and_o nuneham-courtney_n of_o a_o stone_n that_o represent_v a_o sound_a piece_n of_o ash_n cut_v both_o parallel_n and_o transvers_o to_o the_o pore_n and_o retain_v the_o grain_n and_o colour_n so_o well_o and_o lively_a that_o no_o body_n at_o sight_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v other_o than_o a_o firm_a and_o solid_a piece_n of_o wood_n and_o yet_o this_o be_v take_v out_o of_o ground_n thereabouts_o as_o far_o from_o water_n as_o one_o need_n to_o wish_v in_o short_a the_o version_n seem_v so_o very_o perfect_a its_o subject_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v very_o sound_a and_o free_a from_o rottenness_n that_o either_o we_o must_v own_v such_o petrification_n as_o this_o to_o be_v true_o such_o and_o totum_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la or_o else_o allow_v that_o stone_n may_v grow_v in_o grain_n and_o colour_n exact_o like_o wood_n 39_o but_o that_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o may_v not_o so_o far_o take_v place_n though_o the_o possibility_n of_o the_o thing_n must_v not_o be_v deny_v as_o to_o exclude_v a_o possibility_n of_o its_o be_v sometime_o otherwise_o i_o take_v leave_n to_o instance_n in_o another_o petrification_n make_v also_o by_o a_o earth_n and_o not_o by_o water_n that_o seem_v to_o carry_v a_o necessity_n with_o it_o of_o its_o subject_n once_o be_v solid_a wood_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o show_v the_o close_a grain_n of_o oak_n and_o therefore_o by_o naturalist_n call_v dryites_n it_o be_v take_v up_o in_o great_a quantity_n too_o and_o out_o of_o some_o of_o the_o piece_n whereof_o i_o have_v one_o it_o may_v be_v plain_o see_v where_o twig_n have_v come_v forth_o the_o knot_n still_o remain_v where_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o so_o that_o unless_o we_o fly_v to_o the_o sport_n of_o nature_n and_o allow_v she_o to_o imitate_v almost_o all_o thing_n in_o stone_n we_o can_v well_o avoid_v a_o consent_n that_o this_o be_v sometime_o real_o wood._n it_o be_v casual_o dig_v up_o in_o the_o parish_n of_o wendlebury_n in_o a_o gravelly_a ground_n not_o far_o from_o the_o church_n and_o be_v i_o believe_v the_o same_o earth_n mention_v so_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n in_o our_o philosophical_a transaction_n 6._o transaction_n num._n 6._o 40._o thus_o have_v consider_v the_o principal_a earth_n use_v in_o husbandry_n paint_v medicine_n etc._n etc._n i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o some_o other_o less_o in_o value_n and_o put_v to_o inferior_a use_n among_o which_o we_o may_v reckon_v the_o very_a uppermost_a turf_n which_o beside_o for_o bowling-greens_a and_o grass-walks_a in_o garden_n be_v here_o not_o unfrequent_o use_v by_o thatcher_n and_o lay_v on_o mud-wall_n and_o the_o top_n of_o house_n in_o the_o place_n and_o manner_n of_o those_o we_o call_v ridge-tile_n not_o that_o it_o be_v so_o good_a as_o thatch_v though_o some_o say_v it_o better_o resist_v the_o wind_n but_o because_o in_o some_o place_n wood_n be_v so_o scarce_o that_o they_o can_v get_v spray_n to_o fasten_v on_o thatch_n or_o else_o the_o people_n so_o poor_a that_o they_o care_v not_o to_o buy_v they_o 41._o also_o at_o some_o other_o place_n for_o want_n of_o wood_n they_o make_v use_v of_o another_o sort_n of_o turf_n for_o fuel_n not_o the_o upper_a green-sword_n but_o a_o inferior_a stringy_a bituminous_a earth_n cut_v out_o like_a brick_n for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o moorish_a boggy_a ground_n in_o some_o country_n call_v peat-pit_n in_o other_o mosses_n the_o best_a of_o this_o turf_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o oxford-shire_n i_o meet_v with_o at_o mr._n warcup_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o north-moor_n but_o dug_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v in_o stanton-harcourt_a about_o a_o mile_n distance_n s._n west_n from_o the_o church_n it_o lie_v but_o one_o spit_n depth_n within_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v at_o least_o four_o foot_n thick_a they_o cut_v it_o in_o march_n and_o lay_v the_o piece_n call_v peat_n to_o dry_v on_o the_o grass_n sometime_o turn_v they_o which_o when_o reasonable_o well_o do_v they_o then_o pile_v up_o like_a wheelwright_n felley_n leave_v every_o where_o empty_a space_n between_o that_o the_o air_n and_o wind_n pass_v through_o they_o they_o at_o length_n may_v become_v dry_a enough_o for_o the_o fire_n they_o think_v that_o the_o stringy_a root_n that_o together_o with_o the_o bitumen_n make_v up_o the_o peat_n do_v never_o flourish_v above_o the_o surface_n if_o so_o i_o be_o something_o confirm_v in_o a_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v many_o subterraneous_a plant_n not_o note_v of_o which_o i_o intend_v a_o diligent_a enquiry_n prodrom_n enquiry_n vid._n nich._n stenonis_n prodrom_n after_o the_o peat_n be_v take_v out_o they_o fill_v up_o the_o ground_n again_o with_o the_o grassy_a earth_n that_o be_v first_o cut_v up_o and_o at_o cowley_n where_o they_o also_o dig_v they_o they_o usual_o leave_v the_o depth_n of_o one_o spadegraft_a at_o the_o bottom_n as_o a_o foundation_n whereon_o they_o may_v grow_v again_o which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n it_o be_v observe_v they_o will_v do_v in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n church_n england_n they_o dig_v pretty_a good_a peat_n also_o near_o the_o wyke_n at_o heddington_n and_o in_o a_o boggy_a ground_n eastward_o of_o elsfield_n church_n 42._o the_o scarcity_n also_o of_o fire_v have_v induce_v some_o people_n to_o burn_v a_o sort_n of_o black_a substance_n of_o a_o grain_n somewhat_o like_o rot_a wood_n half_o burn_v but_o participate_v also_o of_o a_o mineral_n nature_n and_o therefore_o by_o author_n call_v metallophytum_n or_o lignum_fw-la fossil_n 6._o fossil_n ol._n wormii_n musaeum_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o put_v into_o water_n it_o will_v not_o swim_v and_o into_o fire_n it_o consume_v but_o slow_o and_o send_v forth_o very_o unpleasant_a fume_n it_o be_v find_v in_o a_o quarry_n call_v langford-pit_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o kidlington_n not_o far_o from_o thrup_n about_o eighteen_o foot_n deep_a under_o the_o rock_n where_o there_o lie_v a_o bed_n about_o four_o inch_n thick_a but_o at_o ducklington_n i_o meet_v with_o a_o much_o
come_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a and_o close_a consideration_n of_o it_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o oxford-shire_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n where_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n have_v any_o thing_n show_v itself_o do_v produce_v corn_n of_o all_o sort_n plentiful_o enough_o yet_o it_o have_v much_o more_o cause_n to_o brag_v of_o its_o meadow_n and_o abundance_n of_o pasture_n wherein_o as_o in_o river_n few_o country_n may_v be_v compare_v perhaps_o none_o prefer_v and_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o fruit_n i_o think_v i_o may_v better_o assert_v of_o it_o what_o giraldus_n do_v of_o ireland_n pascuis_fw-la tamen_fw-la quam_fw-la frugibus_fw-la gramine_fw-la quam_fw-la grano_fw-la faecundior_fw-la comitatus_fw-la than_o groundless_o to_o commend_v it_o overmuch_o 2._o the_o hill_n it_o be_v true_a before_o the_o late_a unhappy_a war_n be_v well_o enough_o as_o he_o say_v beset_v with_o wood_n where_o now_o it_o be_v so_o scarcy_o that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n to_o sell_v it_o by_o weight_n and_o not_o only_o at_o oxford_n but_o at_o many_o other_o place_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o if_o bring_v to_o mercat_n it_o be_v ordinary_o sell_v for_o about_o one_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o but_o if_o remote_a from_o a_o great_a town_n it_o may_v be_v have_v for_o seven_o penny_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v every_o where_o but_o in_o the_o chiltern_n country_n which_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n a_o woody_a tract_n and_o be_v as_o i_o have_v very_o good_a ground_n to_o think_v some_o of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o great_a forest_n andredesƿald_n or_o andredeslege_n reach_v say_v leland_n limenus_n leland_n lelandi_fw-la comment_n in_o cyg_n cant._n in_o verbo_fw-la limenus_n from_o beside_o portus_n limenus_n in_o kent_n a_o 120_o mile_n westward_o which_o happy_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v about_o this_o place_n to_o which_o have_v caesar_n ever_o arrive_v he_o have_v never_o sure_o leave_v we_o such_o a_o account_n as_o we_o find_v in_o his_o commentary_n concern_v our_o wood_n materia_fw-la say_v he_o cujusque_fw-la generis_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o gallia_n praeter_fw-la abietem_fw-la &_o fagum_fw-la initium_fw-la fagum_fw-la de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n lib._n 5._o sub_fw-la initium_fw-la i._n e._n that_o there_o be_v here_o all_o manner_n of_o wood_n as_o in_o france_n except_o the_o fir_n and_o beech_n of_o the_o last_o whereof_o there_o be_v such_o plenty_n in_o the_o chiltern_n that_o they_o have_v now_o thereabout_a scarce_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o it_o lie_v so_o far_o from_o oxford_n and_o so_o near_o the_o river_n side_n which_o easy_o convey_v it_o to_o london_n mercat_n that_o it_o be_v scarce_o beneficial_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o county_n 3._o as_o to_o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o respect_n of_o corn_n i_o find_v they_o in_o goodness_n to_o differ_v much_o and_o not_o only_o according_a to_o their_o several_a composition_n be_v in_o some_o place_n black_a or_o red_a earth_n in_o other_o a_o clay_n or_o chalky_a ground_n some_o mix_v of_o earth_n and_o sand_n clay_n and_o sand_n gravel_n and_o clay_n etc._n etc._n but_o chief_o according_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n or_o uppermost_a coat_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n next_o immediate_o under_o it_o for_o let_v the_o uppermost_a mould_n be_v never_o so_o rich_a if_o it_o have_v not_o some_o depth_n or_o such_o a_o ground_n just_a underneath_o it_o as_o will_v permit_v all_o superfluous_a moisture_n to_o descend_v and_o admit_v also_o the_o hot_a and_o comfortable_a steam_n to_o ascend_v it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o fertile_a as_o a_o much_o lean_a soil_n that_o enjoy_v these_o condition_n 4._o thus_o have_v i_o oftentime_o see_v in_o this_o county_n in_o all_o appearance_n a_o very_a good_a soil_n and_o such_o indeed_o as_o will_v otherwise_o have_v be_v real_o so_o less_o fertile_a because_o of_o its_o shallowness_n and_o a_o cold_a stiff_a clay_n or_o close_a freestone_n next_o underneath_a it_o than_o a_o much_o poor_a land_n of_o some_o considerable_a depth_n and_o lie_v over_o a_o sand_n or_o gravel_n through_o which_o all_o superfluous_a moisture_n may_v descend_v and_o not_o stand_v as_o upon_o clay_n or_o stone_n to_o chill_a the_o root_n and_o make_v the_o corn_n languish_v 5._o where_o by_o the_o way_n let_v it_o be_v note_v that_o i_o say_v a_o cold_a stiff_a clay_n or_o close_a freestone_n for_o if_o there_o be_v under_o a_o shallow_a mould_n a_o clay_n that_o be_v mix_v as_o it_o be_v common_a in_o the_o blue_a one_o of_o this_o county_n either_o with_o pyrite_n aureus_fw-la or_o brass_n lump_n or_o the_o stone_n be_v of_o the_o warm_a calcarious_a kind_n it_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v fruitful_a in_o corn_n because_o these_o i_o suppose_v do_v warm_a the_o ground_n and_o give_v so_o much_o strength_n that_o they_o large_o recompense_v what_o be_v want_v in_o depth_n 6._o more_o possible_o may_v have_v be_v add_v to_o this_o general_a account_n of_o earth_n and_o not_o a_o little_a instructive_a to_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o country_n but_o i_o find_v most_o of_o they_o froward_a and_o to_o slight_v my_o quaere_n let_v they_o therefore_o thank_v themselves_o if_o i_o be_o not_o so_o oblige_v beside_o it_o seem_v a_o business_n a_o little_a beside_o my_o design_n therefore_o in_o have_v i_o proceed_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o earth_n as_o before_o of_o water_n hold_v some_o spirit_n bitumen_n or_o concrete_a juice_n and_o as_o they_o be_v useful_a in_o trade_n or_o be_v otherwise_o necessary_a convenient_a or_o ornamental_a 7._o but_o herein_o i_o shall_v not_o show_v myself_o either_o so_o angry_a or_o ignorant_a or_o so_o much_o either_o disrespect_n my_o subject_n or_o the_o civility_n of_o the_o gentry_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o clown_n as_o not_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o earth_n who_o most_o eminent_a use_n relate_v to_o husbandry_n since_o they_o also_o hold_v some_o concrete_a juice_n whereby_o they_o become_v improvement_n of_o such_o poor_a barren_a land_n and_o be_v therefore_o very_o suitable_a to_o my_o present_a purpose_n 8._o the_o best_a of_o these_o we_o call_v common_o marl_n whereof_o though_o it_o be_v believe_v there_o be_v none_o in_o oxford-shire_n yet_o i_o meet_v with_o no_o less_o than_o three_o several_a sort_n and_o in_o quantity_n sufficient_a enough_o for_o use_v the_o british_a marl_n be_v very_o famous_a of_o old_a whereof_o pliny_n 7._o pliny_n plin._n nat._n hist_o lib._n 17._o cap._n 6_o 7._o number_n several_a sort_n and_o of_o principal_a note_n be_v the_o leucargillae_fw-la whereby_o he_o say_v britan_n be_v great_o enrich_v and_o of_o this_o kind_n that_o i_o guess_v may_v be_v one_o late_o discover_v by_o the_o much_o honour_a and_o my_o true_o noble_a friend_n thomas_n stonor_n esq_n of_o watlington-park_n of_o which_o he_o already_o have_v have_v good_a experience_n of_o colour_n it_o be_v whitish_a a_o little_a incline_n to_o yellow_a not_o very_o fat_a and_o of_o so_o easy_a dissolution_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lay_v on_o the_o ground_n at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o may_v be_v as_o good_a i_o suppose_v for_o pasture_n as_o arable_a this_o he_o find_v at_o a_o place_n near_o blunds-court_n but_o i_o think_v within_o the_o parish_n of_o shiplake_n where_o upon_o another_o account_n sink_v a_o deep_a pit_n among_o other_o matter_n he_o meet_v with_o this_o marl_n 9_o since_o that_o there_o have_v late_o be_v another_o discover_v by_o that_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la sir_n thomas_n pennyston_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o cornwell_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n northwest_n of_o his_o house_n of_o a_o blue_a colour_n and_o so_o abstersive_a that_o it_o will_v ready_o enough_o take_v spot_n out_o of_o clothes_n and_o give_v its_o owner_n some_o ground_n to_o hope_n that_o possible_o it_o may_v be_v fit_a for_o the_o fuller_n use_n but_o he_o quick_o upon_o trial_n discover_v a_o incurable_a fault_n that_o the_o man_n of_o that_o trade_n will_v never_o pardon_v however_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v so_o rich_a a_o marl_n that_o it_o may_v ample_o recompense_v the_o industry_n of_o its_o master_n if_o lay_v on_o its_o neighbour_a barren_a hill_n which_o i_o advise_v may_v be_v do_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o the_o frost_n and_o rain_n may_v the_o better_o separate_v its_o part_n and_o fit_v it_o to_o incorporate_v with_o that_o hungry_a soil_n 10._o which_o condition_n i_o suppose_v may_v not_o at_o all_o be_v require_v in_o the_o manure_n of_o a_o light_n and_o hollow_a sort_n of_o marle_n late_o find_v by_o the_o worshipful_a and_o industrious_a improver_n george_n pudsey_n esq_n of_o elsfield_n for_o in_o water_n it_o dissolve_v almost_o as_o soon_o as_o fuller_n earth_n
the_o house_n there_o still_o remain_v as_o a_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o this_o do_v it_o rise_v in_o great_a block_n may_v possible_o have_v be_v make_v very_o good_a millstone_n the_o not_o sweat_v being_n a_o principal_a qualification_n in_o all_o stone_n whatever_o use_v for_o corn-mills_n 31._o but_o before_o we_o take_v leave_v of_o material_n for_o building_n we_o must_v not_o forget_v that_o the_o house_n be_v cover_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o oxford-shire_n not_o with_o tile_n but_o slat-stone_n whereof_o the_o light_a and_o that_o which_o imbibe_v the_o water_n least_o be_v account_v the_o best_a and_o such_o be_v that_o which_o they_o have_v at_o stunsfield_n where_o it_o be_v dug_n first_o in_o thick_a cake_n about_o michaelmass_n time_n or_o before_o to_o lie_v all_o the_o winter_n and_o receive_v the_o frost_n which_o make_v it_o cleave_v in_o the_o spring_n follow_v into_o thin_a plate_n which_o otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o do_v so_o kind_o but_o at_o bradwell_n near_o the_o grove_n they_o dig_v a_o sort_n of_o slat-stone_n natural_o such_o without_o the_o help_n of_o winter_n and_o so_o strange_o great_a that_o sometime_o they_o have_v they_o of_o seven_o foot_n long_o and_o five_o foot_n over_o with_o these_o they_o common_o make_v mound_n for_o their_o close_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o small_a hovel_n that_o for_o its_o whole_a cover_n have_v require_v no_o more_o than_o one_o of_o these_o stone_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v of_o so_o hard_a and_o close_o a_o texture_n that_o i_o have_v know_v they_o by_o painter_n of_o very_a good_a skill_n prefer_v before_o marble_n for_o grind_v their_o colour_n 32._o to_o stone_n use_v in_o building_n they_o sometime_o add_v lime_n which_o because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v here_o make_v of_o stone_n must_v also_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n for_o which_o they_o count_v the_o hard_a rag-stone_n best_o but_o any_o will_v make_v it_o say_v the_o learned_a willis_n 10._o willis_n de_fw-fr ferment_n cap._n 10._o except_o such_o as_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o red_a kind_n of_o gravel_n the_o best_a sign_n of_o it_o here_o as_o well_o as_o in_o ireland_n have_v be_v sufficient_o hint_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n to_o be_v that_o white_a and_o spongy_a kind_n of_o matter_n that_o stick_v to_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o so_o plentiful_o find_v at_o cornwell_n and_o whately_n at_o hanborough_n fawler_n and_o in_o cornbury_n park_n not_o but_o that_o very_a good_a lime_n may_v be_v have_v from_o stone_n that_o show_v not_o the_o least_o of_o this_o sign_n as_o at_o bladen_n quarry_n and_o many_o other_o place_n but_o that_o none_o make_v better_a than_o the_o stone_n that_o have_v it_o except_o hereafter_o it_o may_v be_v find_v true_a here_o what_o lachmund_n 1._o lachmund_n lach._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sect._n 3._o cap._n 1._o assert_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n where_o the_o best_a he_o say_v be_v make_v of_o the_o hard_a stone_n quod_fw-la varia_fw-la in_o se_fw-la conchylia_fw-la continet_fw-la set_v full_a of_o petrified_a shellfish_n for_o if_o so_o our_o best_a limestone_n must_v be_v at_o charleton_n and_o langley_n at_o little_a milton_n and_o shot-ove_a forest_n in_o the_o quarry_n there_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o hill_n not_o far_o from_o the_o way_n to_o sir_n timothy_n tyrrill_n at_o all_o which_o place_n the_o stone_n be_v stick_v full_a of_o cockle_n escallop_n and_o oyster_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 33._o beside_o the_o stone_n that_o be_v use_v for_o the_o substance_n there_o be_v other_o that_o serve_v for_o the_o ornament_n of_o building_n a_o sort_n of_o gray_a marble_n dug_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o blechington_n in_o the_o lordship_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o anglesey_n lord_n privy_a seal_n of_o this_o there_o be_v several_a chimny-piece_n and_o pavement_n in_o his_o lordship_n house_n there_o well_o worth_a the_o notice_n as_o also_o at_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n at_o cornbury_n and_o of_o this_o be_v the_o pillar_n of_o the_o portico_n at_o st._n john_n college_n in_o oxford_n they_o make_v beside_o of_o it_o tombstone_n and_o table_n and_o of_o late_a also_o millstone_n good_a enough_o for_o the_o oyl-mill_n but_o not_o for_o the_o corn-mills_n because_o of_o its_o suppose_a sweat_v to_o which_o this_o be_v subject_a in_o rainy_a weather_n like_o all_o other_o marble_n 34._o some_o other_o stone_n there_o be_v of_o inferior_a use_n which_o yet_o must_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v pass_v by_o in_o silence_n whereof_o i_o know_v one_o so_o like_o the_o tripoli-stone_n in_o colour_n consistence_n and_o for_o all_o its_o use_n that_o i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o of_o the_o very_a same_o kind_n to_o silver_n it_o give_v that_o very_a last_a brightness_n that_o another_o piece_n of_o plate_n that_o be_v try_v against_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o goldsmith_n tripoli-stone_n and_o prove_v itself_o in_o all_o respect_n so_o much_o the_o very_a same_o that_o will_v any_o thing_n please_v we_o not_o far_o fetch_v perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v no_o further_o need_v of_o send_v any_o more_o to_o africa_n for_o it_o 35._o nor_o must_v i_o forget_v the_o ironstone_n at_o shot-ove_a though_o occasional_o mention_v and_o its_o use_n delare_v in_o the_o immediate_o precede_v chapter_n of_o earth_n so_o call_v not_o from_o any_o such_o metal_n that_o it_o hold_v but_o mere_o i_o suppose_v from_o the_o colour_n it_o be_v off_o this_o i_o try_v with_o the_o loadstone_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la think_v thereby_o if_o it_o hold_v any_o iron_n it_o must_v needs_o have_v confess_v it_o to_o one_o of_o those_o two_o but_o i_o since_o have_v find_v the_o experiment_n but_o ill_o apply_v for_o neither_o will_v cavala_n which_o be_v the_o best_a iron-ore_a answer_n either_o of_o they_o so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o now_o condemn_v it_o to_o be_v no_o iron-ore_a upon_o those_o ground_n as_o at_o first_o but_o from_o other_o considerable_a difference_n it_o have_v from_o the_o know_a iron-ore_n of_o gloucestershire_n and_o sussex_n 36._o there_o be_v also_o near_o thame_n on_o cuttlebrook-side_n another_o iron-coloured_a stone_n but_o more_o spongy_a than_o the_o former_a and_o include_v within_o it_o a_o blackish_a kind_n of_o cinder_n the_o most_o like_a of_o any_o thing_n i_o yet_o have_v see_v to_o magnesia_n in_o the_o glass-house_n call_v manganese_n only_o it_o want_v of_o its_o closeness_n of_o texture_n and_o weight_n what_o it_o shall_v be_v or_o for_o what_o use_v likely_a to_o i_o i_o confess_v be_v whole_o unknown_a unless_o i_o may_v call_v it_o the_o siderite_n of_o pliny_n 10._o pliny_n hist_o nat._n lib._n 37._o c._n 10._o i_o therefore_o desist_v to_o say_v more_o about_o it_o but_o commend_v it_o to_o the_o discovery_n of_o future_a age_n 37._o at_o fyfield-merrymouth_a in_o the_o field_n above_o the_o cave_n late_o make_v by_o mr._n bray_n in_o the_o bank_n near_o the_o brook_n i_o find_v a_o stone_n of_o a_o light_n yellow_a colour_n make_v up_o of_o glitter_a lamellae_n or_o plate_n which_o according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o georgius_n agricola_n 5._o agricola_n fossilium_fw-la lib._n 5._o seem_v not_o unlike_o the_o samian-stone_n find_v also_o about_o hasda_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheime_n and_o good_a only_a for_o polish_n silver_n and_o gold_n such_o laminated_a stone_n by_o nicolas_n steno_n prodromo_fw-la steno_n in_o prodromo_fw-la be_v think_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o incrustation_n make_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o a_o fluid_a and_o solid_a a_o opinion_n that_o seem_v to_o come_v near_o to_o the_o truth_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v something_o form_v and_o may_v well_o serve_v to_o usher_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n which_o i_o have_v whole_o reserve_v for_o form_v stone_n chap._n v._o of_o form_v stone_n after_o stone_n make_v to_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o man_n and_o not_o bring_v into_o form_n but_o by_o the_o tool_n of_o the_o artist_n come_v we_o next_o to_o consider_v those_o that_o be_v natural_o form_v and_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v make_v for_o his_o admiration_n than_o use_n whereof_o the_o world_n be_v beautify_v with_o so_o great_a variety_n that_o as_o on_o the_o one_o hand_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o the_o great_a providence_n of_o god_n and_o his_o most_o perfect_a workmanship_n that_o have_v thus_o create_v the_o universe_n for_o man_n delight_n as_o well_o as_o use_v so_o on_o the_o other_o i_o can_v but_o reprehend_v the_o petulant_a despiser_n of_o this_o innocent_a sort_n of_o learning_n who_o in_o derision_n have_v call_v it_o pick_v of_o stone_n as_o if_o what_o the_o omnipotent_a and_o most_o wise_a god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o create_v be_v not_o worth_a the_o consideration_n
agreeable_a as_o any_o because_o of_o its_o participate_v both_o of_o the_o white_a and_o red_a lammas_n have_v a_o white_a ear_n and_o red_a grain_n whereas_o the_o white_a lammas_n have_v both_o ear_n and_o grain_n white_a and_o the_o red_a lammas_n both_o red_a nor_o have_v this_o as_o i_o be_v tell_v be_v long_o in_o oxford-shire_n it_o be_v first_o advance_v like_o the_o former_a from_o some_o few_o ear_n and_o at_o last_o be_v find_v to_o yield_v considerable_o better_a than_o most_o other_o wheat_n viz._n sometime_o twenty_o for_o one_o it_o be_v now_o become_v the_o most_o eligible_a corn_n all_o along_o the_o vale_n under_o the_o chiltern_n hill_n and_o in_o far_o better_a esteem_n than_o the_o red_a stalk_v wheat_n or_o 26._o triticum_fw-la spicâ_fw-la aristatâ_fw-la glumis_fw-la hirsutis_fw-la the_o long_a cone_n wheat_n which_o yet_o be_v the_o best_a of_o any_o to_o be_v sow_o in_o rank_a clay_n land_n its_o stalk_n be_v reedy_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o lodging_n and_o by_o hedge_n side_n because_o the_o bird_n can_v eat_v it_o for_o which_o reason_n also_o it_o must_v be_v good_a in_o enclosure_n beside_o its_o be_v the_o least_o subject_n of_o any_o corn_n yet_o know_v to_o the_o inconveniency_n of_o mildew_n this_o sort_n also_o yield_v extreme_o well_o but_o its_o flower_n be_v course_n and_o not_o please_v the_o baker_n it_o be_v seldom_o sow_o but_o under_o the_o mention_a circumstance_n except_o sometime_o mix_v among_o the_o other_o wheat_v 27._o triticum_fw-la multiplex_fw-la sive_fw-la spitâ_fw-la multiplici_fw-la double_a ear_v wheat_n so_o name_v for_o that_o it_o have_v divers_a small_a ear_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o great_a and_o be_v sow_o about_o bissiter_n and_o weston_n on_o the_o green_a but_o it_o not_o prove_v agreeable_a to_o the_o soil_n thereabouts_o nor_o advantageous_a to_o the_o husbandman_n it_o be_v almost_o quite_o disuse_v though_o i_o hear_v it_o succeed_v better_a about_o fritwell_n and_o souldern_n they_o sow_v also_o a_o wheat_n about_o weston_n on_o the_o green_a which_o from_o the_o hang_n of_o its_o ear_n they_o call_v pendule_n wheat_n but_o suspect_v that_o it_o differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o cone_n it_o be_v aristis_fw-la munitum_fw-la and_o glumis_fw-la hirsutis_fw-la i_o forbear_v as_o yet_o to_o pronounce_v it_o any_o other_o though_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o the_o pendule_n have_v a_o red_a and_o more_o slender_a and_o cone_n a_o white_a and_o full_a ear_n and_o that_o cone_n endure_v long_o and_o pendule_n but_o a_o very_a short_a time_n here_o it_o yield_v for_o the_o first_o year_n sometime_o twenty_o for_o one_o and_o within_o two_o year_n after_o dwindle_v away_o so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v worth_a sow_v which_o time_n expire_a they_o supply_v themselves_o again_o out_o of_o berks-shire_n at_o abington_n mercat_n whereof_o more_o if_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v a_o different_a kind_n when_o i_o come_v into_o that_o county_n 28._o all_o which_o it_o be_v true_a in_o oxford-shire_n be_v so_o common_o sow_o that_o they_o can_v indeed_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v style_v unusual_a but_o because_o scarce_o ever_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o southeast_n part_n of_o england_n i_o think_v it_o convenient_a at_o least_o to_o hint_n they_o and_o so_o likewise_o our_o 29._o hordeum_fw-la distichum_fw-la praecox_fw-la or_o rathe_a ripe_a barley_n deserve_o so_o call_v from_o its_o early_a ripen_n it_o have_v be_v sometime_o sow_o and_o return_v to_o the_o barn_n again_o in_o two_o month_n time_n and_o often_o in_o nine_o or_o ten_o week_n this_o barley_n it_o be_v tree_n be_v no_o native_a of_o oxford-shire_n only_o much_o sow_o here_o it_o be_v all_o have_v either_o immediate_o or_o mediate_o from_o patney_n in_o wiltshire_n whence_o by_o some_o it_o be_v also_o call_v patney_n barley_n where_o the_o soil_n as_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v of_o so_o peculiar_a a_o quality_n that_o whatever_o other_o barley_n be_v sow_o there_o it_o be_v turn_v forthwith_o into_o this_o we_o call_v rathe-ripe_a a_o feat_n which_o they_o say_v no_o other_o land_n will_v perform_v but_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o dr._n childrey_n cornwall_n childrey_n britannia_fw-la baconica_n in_o cornwall_n that_o in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o cornwall_n they_o sow_v a_o sort_n of_o barley_n near_o the_o seaside_n which_o they_o carry_v to_o mill_n in_o eight_o or_o nine_o week_n time_n after_o they_o have_v sow_v it_o however_o what_o we_o have_v here_o come_v all_o from_o patney_n but_o be_v not_o so_o agreeable_a to_o our_o oxford-shire_n soil_n immediate_o from_o thence_o as_o when_o it_o have_v be_v sow_o elsewhere_o twice_o or_o thrice_o after_o which_o it_o endure_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o year_n but_o degenerate_v again_o into_o common_a barley_n it_o be_v conveniency_n notwithstanding_o be_v very_o considerable_a in_o wet_a and_o backward_a spring_n and_o moist_a autumn_n when_o many_o other_o country_n lose_v their_o season_n and_o some_o of_o the_o more_o northern_a one_o perhaps_o their_o crop_n the_o common_a barley_n there_o never_o come_v to_o be_v ripe_a whereas_o this_o may_v be_v sow_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o may_n and_o will_v come_v to_o be_v ripe_a in_o the_o worst_a of_o summer_n this_o i_o hear_v of_o first_o at_o gaunt-house_n the_o paternal_a estate_n of_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n lord_n bishop_n of_o oxon_n one_o of_o the_o noble_a encourager_n of_o this_o design_n but_o meet_v with_o it_o after_o all_o over_o the_o county_n it_o be_v general_o approve_v of_o by_o all_o sort_n of_o husbandman_n and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a barley_n sow_o in_o this_o county_n unknown_a in_o some_o other_o 30._o but_o of_o pea_n there_o be_v many_o sort_n little_o think_v of_o southward_n that_o possible_o be_v they_o know_v may_v prove_v as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o soil_n there_o as_o here_o and_o as_o advantageous_a to_o the_o husbandman_n such_o be_v the_o pea_n call_v henly-gray_a and_o another_o sort_n call_v red-shank_n for_o fresh_a new_a break_a land_n the_o vale-gray_a for_o strong_a and_o hampshire-kid_n for_o new_a chalk_v land_n the_o small_a rathe-ripes_a for_o poor_a and_o gravelly_a and_o the_o cotsall_n pea_n for_o sour_a ground_n and_o of_o vetch_n in_o deep_a clay_n land_n they_o sow_v the_o gore_n and_o pebble-vetch_n in_o cold_a moist_a ground_n the_o rathe-ripe_a vetch_n and_o dill_n or_o lentil_n in_o poor_a stone-brash_a land_n which_o be_v a_o good_a podware_a for_o cattle_n and_o sow_o in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o county_n 31._o as_o for_o bean_n and_o oat_n they_o sow_v only_o the_o common_a that_o be_v every_o where_o else_o but_o for_o grass_n the_o usual_a name_n for_o any_o herbage_n sow_o for_o cattle_n especial_o if_o perennial_n to_o pass_v by_o the_o trifolium_fw-la purpureum_fw-la majus_fw-la sive_fw-la sativum_fw-la clover-gross_a and_o onobrychis_n spicata_n flore_fw-la purpureo_fw-la semine_fw-la echinato_fw-la common_o call_v sainct-foin_n or_o everlasting-grass_n but_o according_a to_o dr._n morison_n the_o trite_a lucern_n now_o every_o where_o know_v and_o therefore_o nothing_o concern_v the_o quality_n and_o advantage_n of_o it_o they_o have_v late_o sow_o ray-grass_n or_o the_o gramen_fw-la loliaceum_n by_o which_o they_o improve_v any_o cold_a sour_a clay-weeping_a ground_n for_o which_o it_o be_v best_o but_o good_a also_o for_o dry_a upland_n ground_n especial_o light_a stony_a or_o sandy_a land_n which_o be_v unfit_a for_o sainct-foin_n 32._o it_o be_v first_o sow_o as_o i_o be_v tell_v in_o the_o chiltern_n part_n of_o oxford-shire_n and_o since_o bring_v near_a oxford_n by_o one_o mr_n eustace_n a_o ingenious_a husbandman_n of_o islip_n who_o though_o at_o first_o laugh_v at_o have_v be_v since_o follow_v even_o by_o those_o very_a person_n that_o scorn_v his_o experiment_n it_o have_v precedence_n of_o all_o other_o grass_n in_o that_o it_o take_v almost_o in_o all_o sort_n of_o poor_a land_n endure_v the_o drought_n of_o summer_n best_o and_o in_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o early_a grass_n of_o any_o and_o can_v at_o that_o time_n be_v overstocked_a it_o be_v be_v keep_v down_o make_v it_o sweet_a and_o better_o belove_v by_o cattle_n than_o any_o other_o grass_n nay_o sometime_o they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o leave_v meadow_n hay_n to_o feed_v on_o this_o but_o of_o all_o other_o cattle_n it_o be_v best_o for_o horse_n it_o be_v hard_a hay_n and_o for_o sheep_n if_o unsound_a it_o have_v be_v know_v by_o experience_n to_o have_v work_v good_a cure_n on_o they_o and_o in_o other_o respect_v the_o best_a winter_n grass_n that_o grow_v 33._o as_o to_o the_o manure_n of_o it_o some_o sow_n but_o two_o bushel_n on_o the_o statute_n acre_n but_o it_o be_v best_a to_o sow_v three_o mix_v with_o the_o trifolium_fw-la agrarium_fw-la dodonaei_fw-la call_v melilot-trefoil_a and_o sometime_o non-such_a because_o of_o itself_o it_o
choice_n of_o their_o grain_n against_o smut_a they_n both_o brine_n and_o lime_n their_o corn_n some_o make_v their_o brine_n of_o urine_n and_o salt_n or_o else_o sow_v red-strawed_a wheat_n which_o be_v the_o least_o subject_n to_o it_o of_o any_o to_o prevent_v meldew_n some_o sow_n pretty_a early_o judge_v corn_n most_o subject_a to_o that_o annoyance_n when_o sow_o late_o or_o else_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o long_o beard_a cone_n that_o be_v the_o least_o subject_n of_o any_o wheat_n yet_o know_v to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o meldew_n and_o of_o be_v eat_v by_o bird_n and_o therefore_o also_o fit_a to_o be_v sow_o in_o small_a enclosure_n as_o note_v before_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n 75._o in_o sow_v they_o have_v their_o several_a method_n viz_o the_o single_a cast_n the_o double_a cast_n and_o as_o they_o call_v it_o about_o burford_n the_o hackney_n bridle_n or_o ride_v cast._n the_o single_a cast_n sow_v a_o land_n at_o one_o bout_n the_o double_a cast_n be_v twice_o in_o a_o place_n at_o two_o different_a bout_n viz._n once_o from_o furrow_n to_o ridge_n and_o afterward_o from_o ridge_n to_o furrow_v the_o hackney_n bridle_n be_v two_o cast_v on_o a_o land_n at_o one_o time_n and_o but_o once_o about_o though_o i_o find_v these_o two_o latter_a sometime_o confound_v their_o name_n be_v interchangeable_o apply_v in_o different_a part_n of_o the_o county_n the_o first_o way_n be_v seldom_o use_v among_o they_o only_o by_o the_o ancient_a seeds-man_n the_o second_o be_v their_o usual_a and_o most_o certain_a way_n the_o last_o though_o the_o new_a fashion_n be_v but_o seldom_o use_v yet_o though_o some_o have_v try_v it_o with_o good_a success_n and_o perhaps_o may_v hereafter_o bring_v it_o more_o in_o practice_n it_o have_v more_o speed_n than_o the_o double_a cast_n to_o recommend_v it_o to_o use_v they_o have_v also_o a_o way_n of_o sow_v in_o the_o chiltern_n country_n which_o be_v call_v sow_v henting_n which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o plough_n the_o corn_n be_v cast_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n just_a where_o the_o plough_n must_v come_v and_o be_v present_o plougb_v in_o by_o this_o way_n of_o sow_v they_o think_v they_o save_v much_o seed_n and_o other_o charge_n a_o dexterous_a boy_n be_v as_o capable_a of_o sow_v this_o way_n out_o of_o his_o hat_n as_o the_o most_o judicious_a seedsman_n but_o of_o this_o way_n more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v into_o buckingham-shire_n 76._o thus_o have_v run_v through_o the_o tillage_n manure_n quantity_n and_o choice_n of_o seed_n and_o the_o several_a way_n of_o sow_v the_o soil_n of_o this_o county_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o instrument_n use_v in_o their_o tillage_n among_o which_o the_o plough_n be_v the_o best_a because_o the_o most_o useful_a engine_n in_o the_o world_n deserve_v the_o first_o place_n of_o which_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n use_v in_o oxford-shire_n the_o foot_n and_o wheel-plough_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v use_v in_o deep_a and_o clay_n land_n be_v according_o fit_v with_o a_o broad_a fin_n share_n and_o the_o horse_n go_v always_o in_o a_o string_n and_o keep_v the_o furrow_n to_o avoid_v poach_v the_o land_n and_o the_o second_o in_o the_o light_a and_o stony_a land_n the_o horse_n either_o go_v in_o a_o string_n or_o two_o a_o breast_n according_a as_o think_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o tillage_n in_o hand_n it_o hand_n on_o light_a land_n some_o count_n the_o tread_v of_o double_a cattle_n advantageous_a to_o it_o this_o plough_n when_o use_v in_o stony_a land_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o round_a point_a share_n have_v also_o near_o the_o chep_n of_o the_o plough_n a_o small_a fin_n to_o cut_v the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n for_o in_o this_o land_n the_o broad_a fin_n jump_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n the_o foot_n plough_n do_v best_a at_o the_o hent_n i.e._n end_v of_o a_o land_n it_o go_v close_o up_o to_o a_o hedge_n and_o not_o be_v subject_a to_o overthrow_v whereas_o the_o wheel_n plough_n if_o care_n and_o discretion_n do_v not_o meet_v in_o the_o holder_n be_v apt_a to_o overthrow_v there_o the_o land_n be_v ridge_v but_o go_v much_o more_o lightsome_a and_o easy_a for_o the_o horse_n than_o the_o foot_n plough_n do_v which_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o both_o 77._o after_o plough_v and_o sow_v they_o cover_v their_o corn_n with_o harrow_n whereof_o some_o have_v 4_o 5_o or_o 6_o bull_n or_o spar_v apiece_o each_o of_o they_o arm_v with_o five_o tine_n and_o of_o a_o square_a form_n as_o at_o most_o other_o place_n but_o at_o whitfield_n near_o sir_n thomas_n tipping_n i_o see_v a_o great_a weighty_a triangular_a harrow_n who_o tine_n stand_v not_o in_o row_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o its_o use_n be_v in_o ground_n much_o subject_n to_o quitchgrass_n who_o root_n it_o seem_v continual_o pass_v between_o the_o tines_n of_o other_o harrow_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o drag_v forth_o by_o they_o as_o this_o who_o tine_n stand_v not_o in_o row_n and_o be_v draw_v with_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n fore-most_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o wedge_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o find_v it_o answer_v expectation_n so_o well_o as_o to_o obtain_v in_o other_o place_n most_o think_v the_o great_a square_a bull_n harrow_n draw_v by_o the_o second_o bull_n on_o the_o near_a side_n of_o the_o harrow_n to_o take_v the_o grass_n much_o better_a than_o that_o 78._o but_o the_o worst_a ground_n to_o harrow_n of_o all_o other_o be_v new_a break_a land_n the_o part_n of_o its_o furrow_n be_v common_o so_o fast_o knit_v together_o by_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n that_o though_o great_a charge_n and_o trouble_n be_v afford_v in_o the_o harrow_n yet_o after_o all_o it_o will_v not_o so_o disperse_v the_o corn_n but_o that_o it_o will_v come_v up_o as_o it_o fall_v thick_a and_o in_o rank_n between_o the_o furrow_n and_o scarce_o any_o where_o else_o to_o prevent_v these_o inconvenience_n the_o ingenious_a mr._n sacheverel_n late_o of_o bolscot_n decease_a contrive_v a_o way_n of_o how_v the_o earth_n from_o the_o turf_n as_o soon_o as_o a_o little_a dry_a thereby_o first_o lay_v his_o ground_n even_o and_o then_o sow_v it_o by_o which_o mean_v his_o seed_n not_o only_o fell_a and_o come_v up_o equal_o disperse_v in_o all_o part_n alike_o but_o he_o find_v that_o a_o quantity_n considerable_o less_o do_v this_o way_n serve_v the_o turn_n which_o experiment_n he_o often_o make_v with_o good_a approbation_n the_o charge_n of_o how_v not_o exceed_v that_o of_o harrow_n which_o without_o it_o must_v be_v great_a whereas_o after_o it_o one_o cross_a tine_n cover_v the_o corn_n well_o enough_o 79._o after_z harrow_n if_o it_o have_v be_v so_o dry_a a_o time_n that_o the_o ground_n have_v rise_v in_o clod_n that_o can_v be_v break_v with_o harrow_n they_o common_o do_v it_o with_o a_o beetle_n or_o big_a stick_n but_o a_o much_o quick_a way_n be_v that_o i_o meet_v with_o about_o bisseter_n by_o a_o weighty_a roll_n not_o cut_v round_o but_o octangular_a the_o edge_n whereof_o meeting_n with_o the_o clod_n will_v break_v they_o effectual_o and_o with_o great_a expedition_n i_o be_v show_v also_o at_o bolscot_n another_o uncommon_a roll_n invent_v by_o the_o same_o mr._n sacheverel_n abovementioned_a cut_v neither_o smooth_a nor_o to_o angle_n but_o notch_v deep_a and_o pretty_a broad_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tessella_n or_o lattice_n so_o that_o the_o protuberant_a part_n remain_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o horse_n by_o which_o be_v large_a and_o weighty_a he_o can_v so_o firm_o press_v his_o light_a land_n subject_n to_o quich-grass_n and_o other_o weed_n and_o so_o settle_v the_o root_n of_o the_o corn_n that_o it_o will_v come_v up_o even_o and_o well_o whereas_o if_o it_o have_v be_v leave_v hollow_a it_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v choke_v and_o come_v to_o little_a he_o assert_v that_o it_o also_o excel_v a_o smooth_a roll_n especial_o if_o the_o season_n prove_v dry_a and_o windy_a in_o that_o when_o a_o field_n be_v roll_v smooth_a the_o wind_n be_v apt_a to_o blow_v the_o earth_n from_o the_o corn_n whereas_o by_o this_o the_o ground_n be_v lay_v so_o uneven_a and_o full_a of_o hole_n like_o chequerwork_n that_o what_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o ridge_n still_o fall_v into_o the_o hollow_n between_o they_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_n give_v the_o corn_n the_o better_a root_n 80._o i_o have_v hear_v of_o another_o sort_n of_o roll_n of_o a_o large_a diameter_n and_o weighty_a set_v the_o whole_a length_n with_o edge_a plate_n of_o steel_n prominent_a from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o roll_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a thus_o contrive_v for_o the_o quick_a cut_n of_o turf_n which_o draw_v