sow_v great_a quantity_n of_o they_o the_o best_a plant_n to_o graft_v such_o appletree_n upon_o as_o you_o will_v have_v to_o grow_v against_o a_o wall_n in_o pallisade_n or_o hedge_n and_o such_o as_o you_o desire_v to_o keep_v low_a for_o dwarf-tree_n be_v that_o of_o the_o b_o coddle_v paradise-apple-tree_n which_o grow_v but_o little_a into_o wood_n bear_v quick_o and_o much_o fruit_n these_o kind_n of_o plant_n be_v bring_v up_o of_o sprig_n or_o cut_n put_v into_o the_o ground_n as_o also_o those_o of_o quince-tree_n whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o a_o diulcain_n sweeting_n be_v another_o kind_n of_o appletree_n which_o come_v very_o near_o to_o that_o of_o the_o paradise-apple_n and_o which_o likewise_o grow_v from_o a_o sprig_n but_o the_o plant_n of_o it_o be_v not_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n because_o it_o grow_v too_o much_o into_o wood_n and_o can_v be_v keep_v low_a as_o a_o dwarf_n or_o shrub_n to_o graft_v such_o pear-tree_n upon_o as_o be_v proper_a 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and_o both_o bear_v fair_a fruit_n be_v yet_o very_o different_a the_o sap_n of_o the_o one_o be_v much_o sweet_a than_o that_o of_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o better_a this_o difference_n may_v be_v observe_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o old_a graft_a tree_n one_o of_o these_o sort_n not_o wax_v big_a according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o graft_n it_o bear_v and_o therefore_o make_v a_o knobbe_v round_o about_o the_o join_n of_o the_o graft_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o roll_n which_o spoil_n the_o shape_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o show_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o quince-tree_n have_v not_o the_o sap_n so_o plentiful_a nor_o so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o increase_v equal_o with_o the_o graft_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v easy_o conclude_v that_o this_o last_o kind_n be_v the_o best_a of_o all_o the_o three_o and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a quince-stock_n upon_o which_o a_o pear_n shall_v be_v graft_v it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o the_o sap_n be_v the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o most_o conformable_a of_o all_o other_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o pear-tree_n because_o both_o of_o they_o be_v so_o perfect_o join_v together_o and_o do_v grow_v equal_o great_a this_o best_a kind_n of_o quince-tree_n may_v be_v know_v by_o its_o fruit_n which_o be_v long_o and_o big_a then_o that_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n it_o may_v also_o be_v know_v by_o its_o bark_n which_o be_v smooth_a black_a and_o clear_a and_o by_o its_o leaf_n which_o be_v long_o and_o big_a than_o the_o other_o quince-stock_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o sow_v the_o kernel_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o but_o the_o best_a and_o more_o ready_a way_n be_v to_o have_v they_o from_o shoot_v to_o which_o end_n you_o must_v plant_v great_a stock_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o quince-tree_n about_o four_o foot_n asunder_o and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n in_o march_n cut_v they_o at_o a_o inch_n above_o ground_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v put_v forth_o store_n of_o young_a shoot_v which_o must_v neither_o be_v strip_v nor_o prune_v for_o fear_n of_o wither_v but_o after_o they_o be_v shoot_v up_o to_o the_o height_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a they_o must_v be_v cover_v a_o foot_n high_a with_o good_a earth_n to_o which_o must_v be_v mingle_v a_o little_a rot_a bedmould_n to_o make_v they_o take_v root_v the_o soon_o the_o winter_n follow_v if_o these_o young_a sprout_n have_v put_v forth_o any_o root_n they_o may_v be_v take_v away_o though_o feeble_a and_o plant_v in_o the_o nursery_n after_o these_o shoot_n be_v all_o take_v off_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v the_o old_a stock_n all_o the_o winter_n with_o a_o little_a earth_n and_o to_o uncover_v they_o again_o in_o february_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v put_v forth_o new_a shoot_v which_o when_o grow_v up_o must_v be_v heap_v with_o earth_n as_o the_o former_a and_o by_o this_o mean_n you_o may_v gather_v every_o year_n good_a store_n of_o plant_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o way_n of_o raise_v quince-stock_n in_o good_a ground_n by_o couch_v some_o of_o the_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o winter_n time_n as_o they_o do_v with_o vine_n the_o same_o course_n may_v be_v take_v to_o raise_v young_a plant_n of_o the_o paradise-apple_n but_o they_o be_v long_o in_o grow_v then_o the_o quince_n the_o plant_n proper_a for_o such_o nursery_n as_o be_v design_v for_o the_o graft_n of_o peach_n a_o stone_n pavy_n apricot_n and_o plum_n be_v those_o of_o young_a damson-tree_n and_o s._n julien-plum_n because_o their_o sap_n be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o that_o of_o other_o plum_n and_o also_o because_o they_o last_v the_o long_a some_o there_o be_v that_o plant_n stock_n of_o apricot_n and_o
almond_n to_o incculate_v upon_o they_o peach_n and_o pavy_n but_o these_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o a_o gum_n which_o gather_v about_o the_o scutcheon_n or_o bud_n so_o that_o if_o the_o gardener_n be_v not_o very_o careful_a to_o take_v it_o away_o or_o prevent_v it_o the_o bud_n be_v oftentime_o enoke_v and_o kill_v by_o it_o true_a it_o be_v that_o when_o they_o do_v take_v they_o bear_v very_o fair_a fruit_n and_o among_o other_o admirable_a nectarine_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o best_a and_o sure_a stock_n for_o these_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v that_o of_o damson_n and_o the_o s._n julien_n but_o especial_o that_o of_o damson_n because_o it_o last_v long_a and_o have_v the_o sweet_a sap_n this_o sort_n of_o stock_n be_v breed_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o damson-tree_n and_o the_o s._n julien_n which_o do_v put_v forth_o many_o sucker_n the_o almond-tree_n be_v likewise_o not_o bad_a for_o this_o purpose_n in_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v hot_a and_o sandy_a but_o it_o prove_v not_o ordinary_o from_o a_o nursery_n because_o that_o be_v replant_v it_o take_v again_o but_o very_o seldom_o it_o be_v for_o this_o cause_n necessary_a to_o breed_v it_o in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o must_v stand_v which_o be_v do_v by_o sow_v sweet_a almond_n there_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o march_n after_o they_o have_v lie_v in_o sand_n to_o bud_v during_o the_o winter_n and_o there_o likewise_o to_o inoculate_v they_o with_o a_o scutcheon_n a_o bud_n the_o bud_n not_o shoot_v forth_o that_o very_a year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o august_n or_o the_o beginning_n of_o september_n when_o the_o great_a force_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v past_a or_o else_o the_o second_o year_n if_o they_o be_v too_o weak_a the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o stone_n of_o peach_n or_o apricot_n may_v be_v sow_v and_o inoculate_v and_o these_o without_o stay_v for_o the_o month_n of_o march_n may_v be_v put_v into_o the_o ground_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o fruit_n be_v eat_v but_o the_o tree_n graft_v 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than_o in_o the_o rich_a soil_n the_o good_a sort_n of_o plum_n may_v be_v graft_v upon_o all_o kind_n of_o plumme-tree_n except_o such_o as_o bear_v small_a sour_a plum_n because_o their_o sap_n be_v too_o harsh_a to_o make_v nursery_n of_o cherry-tree_n and_o other_o red_a fruit_n you_o must_v plant_v the_o sucker_n of_o white_a and_o red_a a_o they_o merisier_n because_o their_o sap_n be_v more_o pleasant_a and_o nourish_a then_o that_o of_o the_o black_a merisier_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o sort_n of_o the_o red_a merisier_n who_o fruit_n be_v bitter_a upon_o which_o the_o ordinary_a cherry_n and_o hart-cherry_n be_v graft_v the_o tree_n become_v as_o strong_a and_o as_o big_a as_o upon_o other_o stock_n but_o there_o grow_v a_o great_a knob_n about_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o graft_n which_o mar_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o show_v that_o this_o sort_n of_o merisier_n have_v its_o sap_n very_o sharp_a and_o bitter_a because_o its_o stock_n increase_v not_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o graft_n the_o best_a stock_n to_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v may-cherry_n upon_o be_v that_o of_o the_o sucker_n of_o forward_a cherry_n though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o thereby_o the_o fruit_n become_v not_o so_o big_a or_o fair_a nor_o the_o tree_n itself_o so_o strong_a as_o those_o which_o be_v graft_v upon_o good_a merisier_n the_o cherry-stock_n be_v also_o better_o than_o the_o merisier_n to_o graft_v a_o griote_n morella-cherry_n upon_o because_o that_o tree_n ordinary_o bloom_a much_o and_o bear_v but_o little_a it_o come_v by_o be_v graft_v upon_o a_o cherry-stock_n to_o bear_v more_o plentiful_o and_o preserve_v its_o fruit_n better_o because_o the_o sap_n of_o a_o cherry-stock_n be_v not_o so_o plentiful_a as_o that_o of_o the_o merisier_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o have_v procure_v good_a plant_n if_o care_n be_v not_o take_v to_o plant_v they_o in_o a_o good_a soil_n to_o this_o purpose_n a_o soft_a earth_n must_v be_v choose_v somewhat_o fresh_a and_o which_o be_v rich_a enough_o to_o be_v plant_v upon_o without_o dung_v especial_o when_o in_o it_o you_o will_v plant_v nursery_n of_o pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n bring_v up_o from_o kernel_n for_o the_o dung_n breed_v in_o the_o ground_n great_a white_a worm_n which_o eat_v the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o die_v beside_o that_o earth_n too_o fat_a and_o too_o much_o manure_v breed_v canker_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o destroy_v they_o utter_o but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o otherwise_o good_a enough_o of_o its_o self_n without_o be_v amend_v it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v till_o the_o plant_n have_v put_v forth_o its_o three_o leaf_n before_o it_o be_v dung_v because_o that_o after_o three_o year_n it_o will_v be_v strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v those_o worm_n which_o the_o dung_n breed_v the_o ground_n most_o proper_a to_o plant_v a_o nursery_n in_o be_v such_o as_o have_v neither_o be_v too_o much_o cultivate_v nor_o too_o light_a but_o contrary_o that_o be_v the_o best_a which_o have_v a_o body_n and_o provide_v that_o you_o have_v some_o short_a small_a mould_n to_o put_v about_o the_o root_n in_o plant_v that_o which_o be_v new_o break_v up_o and_o have_v lie_v long_o be_v the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o have_v then_o find_v a_o good_a plot_n of_o ground_n proper_a to_o make_v a_o nursery_n you_o must_v there_o open_a trench_n of_o the_o largeness_n and_o depth_n of_o a_o spade-bit_n place_v they_o three_o foot_n or_o three_o foot_n and_o half_n from_o one_o another_o and_o observe_v as_o much_o as_o you_o can_v to_o make_v they_o so_o that_o one_o of_o the_o end_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o north_n for_o be_v thus_o dispose_v and_o the_o nursery_n well_o graft_v that_o be_v the_o graff_n set_v with_o their_o back_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o must_v always_o be_v observe_v if_o you_o will_v graft_v well_o or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o be_v possible_a the_o tree_n do_v the_o better_o uphold_v one_o another_o and_o defend_v themselves_o much_o better_o from_o the_o great_a wind_n of_o the_o south_n the_o ground_n be_v thus_o prepare_v you_o must_v in_o the_o month_n of_o november_n or_o december_n choose_v a_o fair_a day_n to_o plant_v it_o in_o because_o that_o in_o fair_a weather_n the_o earth_n be_v short_a easy_a to_o work_v and_o better_o enclose_v the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n but_o in_o such_o soil_n as_o be_v moist_a and_o lateward_a it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v till_o the_o end_n of_o february_n before_o you_o plant_v because_o too_o much_o moisture_n and_o water_n corrupt_a and_o rot_v the_o root_n during_o winter_n for_o this_o reason_n therefore_o in_o cold_a and_o moist_a country_n the_o water_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v drain_v out_o and_o the_o earth_n heighthen_v in_o the_o form_n of_o ridge_n upon_o which_o the_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v but_o the_o hot_a and_o early_a ground_n must_v be_v plant_v in_o november_n that_o the_o root_n begin_v before_o winter_n while_o the_o warm_a weather_n last_v to_o put_v forth_o some_o small_a filament_n may_v so_o unite_v themselves_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o tree_n at_o spring_n may_v thereby_o grow_v and_o flourish_v much_o the_o better_o have_v choose_v a_o good_a soil_n a_o proper_a season_n and_o a_o fair_a day_n he_o that_o will_v plant_v a_o nursery_n of_o apple_n and_o pear-stock_n bring_v up_o of_o kernel_n must_v observe_v to_o cut_v off_o half_a the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o to_o pare_v off_o the_o top_n to_o about_o seven_o inch_n then_o to_o place_v they_o in_o the_o trench_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o inch_n betwixt_o each_o twig_n and_o to_o put_v they_o no_o
and_o capable_a to_o correct_v its_o fault_n but_o also_o to_o plant_v in_o it_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o it_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a so_o to_o dung_n or_o amend_v a_o ground_n as_o to_o make_v it_o absolute_o to_o change_v its_o nature_n especial_o for_o great_a plant_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o we_o must_v conform_v to_o it_o and_o set_v no_o tree_n but_o such_o as_o will_v take_v in_o it_o for_o to_o endeavour_v to_o force_v nature_n be_v but_o to_o lose_v our_o labour_n every_o one_o may_v easy_o know_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o his_o own_o garden_n wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o say_v what_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n will_v take_v best_a upon_o each_o ground_n garden-pear-tree_n will_v thrive_v best_a in_o a_o soft_a earth_n and_o of_o a_o great_a depth_n for_o their_o root_n grow_v downward_o and_o always_o search_v towards_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o meet_v with_o hard_a rocky_a a_o goodground_n earth_n or_o b_o soil_n galt_n they_o turn_v yellow_a their_o top_n dry_v up_o and_o they_o diminish_v rather_o than_o increase_v but_o for_o appletree_n see_v their_o root_n tend_v not_o downward_o but_o spread_v towards_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o need_v not_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n of_o it_o but_o than_o it_o must_v likewise_o be_v strong_a so_o that_o they_o may_v there_o find_v store_n of_o nourishment_n and_o fresh_a also_o that_o their_o root_n may_v run_v into_o it_o the_o more_o easy_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o appletree_n may_v grow_v in_o a_o sandy_a ground_n and_o bear_v very_o good_a fruit_n though_o find_v less_o nourishment_n there_o they_o can_v put_v forth_o so_o many_o branch_n nor_o have_v those_o they_o do_v put_v forth_o so_o strong_a quince-tree_n thrive_v best_a in_o a_o soft_a ground_n and_o somewhat_o a_o degree_n fresh_a because_o their_o root_n which_o be_v tender_a do_v there_o spread_v without_o pain_n and_o gather_v together_o good_a store_n of_o nourishment_n and_o because_o they_o grow_v not_o deep_a within_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o they_o if_o they_o find_v a_o good_a soil_n of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n deep_a in_o strong_a and_o moist_a ground_n they_o increase_v much_o in_o wood_n and_o maintain_v themselves_o very_o green_a but_o then_o the_o fruit_n graft_v upon_o they_o be_v harsh_a and_o without_o colour_n especial_o winter-fruit_n as_o the_o bon_fw-fr crestien_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a quince-tree_n plant_v in_o a_o dry_a gravelly_a and_o light_a ground_n grow_v not_o so_o much_o in_o wood_n but_o their_o fruit_n be_v better_a fair_a colour_v and_o more_o tender_a the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v know_v by_o he_o who_o consider_v that_o the_o beauty_n and_o vigour_n of_o tree_n depend_v upon_o that_o of_o their_o root_n and_o that_o according_a as_o they_o delight_v themselves_o in_o a_o ground_n or_o else_o disagree_v with_o it_o so_o the_o tree_n must_v either_o flourish_v extreme_o or_o languish_v since_o it_o be_v from_o their_o root_n that_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o nourishment_n for_o this_o reason_n when_o ever_o you_o see_v a_o tree_n grow_v yellow_a or_o diminish_v be_v assure_v that_o its_o root_n be_v sick_a now_o the_o root_n can_v suffer_v but_o either_o through_o too_o much_o moisture_n and_o cold_a or_o else_o through_o too_o much_o drought_n because_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o two_o extreme_n destroy_v that_o temper_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o plant_n the_o water_n by_o its_o cold_n drive_v out_o that_o heat_n which_o animate_v the_o earth_n and_o so_o render_v it_o dead_a and_o incapable_a of_o production_n it_o stop_v the_o sap_n and_o consequent_o make_v the_o tree_n to_o suffer_v hence_o we_o see_v that_o cold_a reins_n in_o summer_n if_o too_o frequent_a make_v the_o green_a tree_n turn_v yellow_a but_o too_o great_a heat_n do_v likewise_o cause_v the_o same_o effect_n for_o it_o dry_v the_o earth_n too_o much_o and_o dissipate_v all_o that_o moisture_n which_o shall_v nourish_v the_o root_n from_o this_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n more_o easy_o penetrate_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v dry_a and_o without_o moisture_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v that_o tree_n grow_v there_o must_v turn_v yellow_a and_o change_v soon_o than_o in_o strong_a ground_n which_o defend_v themselves_o better_o from_o the_o heat_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n must_v fruit_n be_v tender_a and_o well_o colour_v in_o dry_a ground_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a very_o harsh_a and_o gross_a without_o colour_n or_o taste_v in_o ground_n that_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a because_o it_o be_v the_o sun_n which_o by_o its_o heat_n dissipate_v the_o cold_a and_o gross_a moisture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o render_v it_o more_o subtle_a and_o delicate_a in_o those_o ground_n therefore_o into_o the_o which_o it_o pierce_v most_o the_o root_n find_v but_o little_a moisture_n do_v consequent_o increase_v but_o little_a in_o their_o wood_n but_o that_o sap_n which_o they_o do_v draw_v from_o thence_o be_v well_o prepare_v and_o very_o pleasant_a make_v their_o fruit_n sweet_a in_o substance_n and_o of_o a_o thin_a skin_n which_o take_v a_o better_a colour_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o ripen_v the_o soon_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o sun_n not_o be_v able_a to_o pierce_v into_o strong_a ground_n the_o tree_n be_v there_o nourish_v with_o a_o grosser_n moisture_n which_o render_v their_o fruit_n harsh_a unpleasant_a and_o long_o in_o grow_v ripe_a and_o as_o winter-fruit_n be_v long_o upon_o the_o tree_n and_o do_v need_v a_o great_a heat_n to_o ripen_v they_o so_o they_o do_v the_o more_o participate_v of_o the_o harshness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o nourish_v they_o experience_n confirm_v this_o truth_n insomuch_o as_o we_o see_v that_o in_o cold_a and_o rainy_a year_n the_o fruit_n 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by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o write_v for_o such_o as_o have_v garden_n and_o orchard_n situate_v in_o a_o excellent_a soil_n because_o that_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n prove_v well_o in_o a_o good_a ground_n but_o the_o ground_n not_o be_v good_a everywhere_o and_o man_n resolve_v rather_o to_o cultivate_v and_o plant_v that_o place_n where_o their_o lot_n fall_v though_o bad_a then_o to_o quit_v it_o and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o a_o better_a soil_n i_o conceive_v it_o my_o duty_n by_o this_o advice_n to_o help_v they_o in_o make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o their_o ground_n and_o to_o draw_v all_o possible_a advantage_n from_o their_o bad_a situation_n by_o plant_v such_o tree_n as_o may_v prosper_v in_o it_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o manure_v ground_n what_o dung_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o and_o how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v use_v he_o that_o know_v the_o fault_n of_o his_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v too_o dry_a or_o too_o moist_a too_o hot_a or_o too_o cold_a may_v easy_o judge_v with_o what_o dung_n it_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v provide_v that_o he_o know_v the_o different_a quality_n of_o his_o dung_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o fault_n can_v be_v amend_v but_o by_o its_o contrary_n he_o must_v conclude_v that_o if_o his_o ground_n be_v too_o dry_a he_o must_v moisten_v it_o if_o too_o hot_a and_o burn_a he_o must_v refresh_v it_o as_o also_o that_o ground_n too_o cold_a and_o moist_a must_v be_v heat_n and_o dry_v i_o shall_v for_o this_o reason_n content_v myself_o to_o speak_v only_a concern_v the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o dung_n and_o soil_n wherewith_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v manure_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o gardener_n how_o to_o apply_v they_o and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o
set_v they_o at_o the_o distance_n beforementioned_a it_o be_v also_o very_o convenient_a to_o intermix_v several_a kind_n of_o pear_n and_o to_o plant_v winter-pear_n among_o the_o summer_n one_o those_o that_o be_v early_o among_o such_o as_o be_v lateward_a whereby_o the_o pleasure_n may_v be_v have_v of_o see_v the_o wall_n always_o furnish_v with_o fruit_n the_o same_o order_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o wall-tree_n of_o peach_n and_o apricot_n and_o also_o when_o pear-tree_n be_v plant_v in_o a_o counter-hedge_n over_o against_o the_o wall_n except_o that_o in_o such_o hedge_n there_o must_v be_v plant_v neither_o the_o bon_fw-fr crestien_n bergamot_n nor_o the_o petit_fw-fr muscat_n because_o these_o sort_n prove_v not_o so_o well_o in_o a_o hedge_n as_o against_o a_o wall_n one_o may_v also_o plant_v muscat_n against_o a_o wall_n and_o betwixt_o they_o at_o every_o fifteen_o foot_n a_o peach-tree_n have_v a_o stem_n of_o four_o foot_n high_a without_o branch_n that_o they_o may_v be_v plash_v above_o the_o muscat_n and_o cover_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o wall_n but_o than_o care_n must_v be_v have_v of_o plant_v only_o such_o peach-tree_n as_o be_v inoculate_v upon_o other_o peach_n or_o almond-stock_n for_o such_o as_o be_v set_v upon_o plumm-stock_n â—o_z feed_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o will_v rob_v their_o muscat_n of_o their_o nourishment_n pear-tree_n may_v be_v plant_v also_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n provide_v they_o be_v graft_v upon_o quince-stock_n and_o that_o the_o stem_n be_v four_o foot_n high_a without_o branch_n as_o before_o in_o the_o plant_n of_o avenue_n lead_v to_o house_n and_o walk_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v the_o largeness_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v be_v a_o thing_n very_o difficult_a to_o give_v a_o certain_a rule_n for_o the_o largeness_n of_o ally_n because_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v proportion_v to_o their_o length_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o their_o avenue_n it_o depend_v therefore_o whole_o upon_o the_o ingenuity_n and_o prudence_n of_o he_o that_o order_v they_o for_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tree_n it_o must_v be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o kind_n elm_n and_o lime-tree_n must_v be_v plant_v two_o fathom_n from_o each_o other_o chest-nut_n walnut-tree_n appletree_n and_o pear-tree_n at_o four_o five_o and_o six_o fathom_n as_o for_o oak_n and_o beech_n wherewith_o they_o do_v ordinary_o plant_v their_o avenue_n in_o the_o country_n of_o caux_n they_o must_v be_v set_v at_o no_o further_a distance_n than_o nine_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o but_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n at_o four_o fathom_n asunder_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o spread_n of_o their_o branch_n chap._n viii_o the_o manner_n of_o plant_v and_o keep_v tree_n well_o tree_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v replant_v till_o their_o sap_n be_v whole_o spend_v for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o in_o they_o when_o they_o be_v take_v up_o have_v now_o no_o more_o nourishment_n they_o fade_v and_o their_o bark_n which_o be_v yet_o tender_a grow_v rivel_a and_o dry_a so_o that_o it_o be_v less_o capable_a of_o receive_v the_o new_a sap_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o ascend_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o fall_n of_o the_o leave_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n inform_v we_o when_o the_o sap_n leave_v they_o for_o it_o be_v that_o by_o which_o they_o be_v nourish_v and_o we_o see_v that_o if_o tree_n grow_v yellow_a and_o sick_a have_v but_o small_a store_n of_o sap_n they_o present_o cast_v their_o leaf_n now_o see_v that_o the_o sap_n fail_v soon_o in_o dry_a ground_n than_o in_o those_o which_o be_v moist_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o such_o ground_n tree_n may_v both_o be_v take_v up_o and_o also_o replant_v early_o but_o to_o speak_v in_o general_a all_o plantation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o month_n of_o november_n and_o december_n and_o such_o as_o be_v soon_o make_v be_v always_o the_o best_a except_o in_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v too_o moist_a and_o full_a of_o water_n where_o you_o must_v stay_v till_o february_n or_o the_o beginning_n of_o march_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o root_n of_o your_o plant_n be_v not_o rot_v by_o the_o water_n in_o the_o winter_n which_o have_v not_o yet_o take_v again_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v too_o much_o moisture_n a_o fair_a day_n as_o i_o say_v before_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o nursery_n be_v always_o to_o be_v choose_v to_o plant_v in_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v short_a and_o better_a to_o be_v handle_v when_o it_o be_v dry_a and_o therefore_o for_o this_o reason_n plantation_n be_v never_o to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o rain_n or_o snow_n to_o both_o which_o the_o month_n of_o january_n be_v moâ—t_v subject_a be_v therefore_o the_o most_o unfit_a to_o plant_v in_o the_o first_o care_n which_o must_v be_v take_v before_o you_o begin_v to_o plant_v be_v to_o take_v up_o the_o tree_n well_o without_o spoil_v any_o of_o their_o root_n because_o that_o all_o their_o vigour_n depend_v upon_o they_o they_o must_v therefore_o be_v preserve_v as_o whole_a and_o as_o entire_a as_o be_v possible_a care_n must_v also_o be_v have_v in_o take_v up_o a_o tree_n out_o of_o a_o nursery_n not_o to_o lay_v naked_a the_o whole_a root_n for_o fear_v of_o harm_v those_o tree_n that_o be_v about_o it_o but_o after_o that_o some_o earth_n be_v take_v away_o from_o about_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o it_o may_v be_v turn_v downward_o halfway_n towards_o the_o ground_n and_o draw_v long-waye_n gentle_o by_o strength_n of_o arm_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o root_n be_v preserve_v entire_a from_o break_v and_o the_o tree_n not_o endamage_v that_o be_v leave_v behind_o the_o tree_n be_v thus_o take_v up_o with_o care_n you_o must_v before_o it_o be_v replant_v pare_v off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o its_o root_n take_v away_o only_o such_o as_o be_v too_o confuse_v and_o strip_v well_o from_o they_o all_o their_o small_a fiber_n or_o filament_n where_o there_o be_v too_o many_o of_o they_o because_o these_o when_o the_o tree_n come_v to_o be_v plant_v will_v otherwise_o clog_v together_o and_o hinder_v the_o mould_n from_o fall_v easy_o between_o the_o principal_a root_n and_o so_o from_o fill_v up_o all_o their_o vacuity_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o gardener_n can_v be_v too_o careful_a in_o take_v away_o the_o small_a thread_n for_o the_o great_a and_o middle_a sort_n of_o root_n never_o fail_v of_o put_v forth_o new_a one_o and_o those_o which_o he_o leave_v be_v too_o confuse_v do_v always_o harm_v the_o tree_n more_o than_o they_o profit_v it_o and_o the_o great_a root_n must_v also_o in_o the_o pare_n of_o they_o be_v leave_v as_o long_o as_o may_v be_v and_o the_o cut_n must_v be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n on_o the_o low_a side_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o cut_n may_v be_v upon_o the_o mould_n the_o root_n be_v all_o on_o this_o manner_n refresh_v and_o clear_v if_o it_o be_v a_o tree_n with_o a_o high_a stem_n and_o design_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o stem_n of_o it_o must_v be_v pare_v off_o at_o seven_o foot_n high_a and_o all_o the_o small_a branch_n and_o bud_n which_o remain_v upon_o it_o must_v be_v take_v off_o with_o exactness_n for_o those_o shoot_v which_o open_v themselves_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o bark_n and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v always_o grow_v up_o with_o the_o great_a vigour_n but_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v design_v for_o a_o wall_n or_o a_o dwarf-tree_n it_o must_v be_v leave_v short_a or_o long_o according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o its_o foot_n the_o quantity_n of_o its_o root_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o judgement_n whereof_o depend_v upon_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o gardener_n nevertheless_o see_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o such_o tree_n shall_v put_v forth_o branch_n near_o the_o ground_n to_o cover_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n in_o which_o the_o beauty_n of_o wall-tree_n do_v chief_o consist_v it_o will_v be_v best_a if_o the_o foot_n be_v not_o well_o furnish_v with_o branch_n to_o cut_v it_o very_o short_a that_o it_o may_v put_v forth_o many_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o tree_n thus_o stop_v have_v no_o old_a wood_n remain_v upon_o it_o can_v so_o soon_o bear_v fruit_n as_o for_o peach-tree_n they_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o want_v bough_n in_o the_o middle_n must_v always_o when_o they_o be_v plant_v be_v cut_v very_o short_a the_o tree_n be_v thus_o cut_v must_v present_o be_v plant_v either_o in_o the_o hole_n or_o in_o the_o trench_n prepare_v for_o it_o and_o must_v not_o be_v sink_v into_o the_o ground_n above_o the_o depth_n of_o
quince-stock_n can_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v replant_v till_o after_o their_o second_o three_o or_o four_o year_n when_o their_o bark_n be_v well_o recover_v but_o peach_n and_o pavy_n when_o they_o be_v strong_a and_o have_v shoot_v well_o be_v better_a to_o be_v take_v up_o after_o their_o first_o year_n than_o after_o their_o second_o or_o three_o leaf_n because_o as_o they_o come_v very_o quick_o so_o be_v they_o soon_o fit_v to_o be_v remove_v than_o other_o beside_o that_o be_v of_o a_o dry_a wood_n they_o spring_v again_o the_o better_a when_o they_o be_v young_a and_o have_v a_o tender_a bark_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o care_n must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o replant_n of_o they_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o stump_n which_o remain_v above_o the_o graft_v and_o then_o to_o cap_v it_o with_o galt_z or_o clay_n mix_v with_o hay_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o bark_n will_v the_o more_o easy_o be_v recover_v the_o order_n of_o graft_n differ_v sort_n of_o fruit_n in_o the_o same_o nursery_n 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easy_o judge_v that_o scion_n can_v prove_v or_o take_v effect_n except_o upon_o stock_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n or_o which_o have_v a_o sap_n conformable_a to_o they_o experience_n show_v we_o that_o they_o either_o grow_v or_o languish_v according_a as_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o stock_n that_o nourisnes_n they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o proper_a for_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n a_o pear-tree_n can_v never_o take_v upon_o a_o apple-stock_n nor_o peach_n upon_o quince-tree_n because_o their_o species_n be_v whole_o different_a i_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o stock_n or_o foot_n of_o tree_n which_o be_v graft_v do_v in_o some_o manner_n communicate_v its_o quality_n to_o the_o graff_n it_o bear_v but_o it_o never_o cause_v they_o to_o change_v their_o kind_n the_o winter_n bon_fw-fr crestiens_fw-la be_v graft_v upon_o the_o a_o fist_n gros_n rateau_n the_o pound-pear_n or_o the_o summer_n bon_fw-fr crestien_n bear_v always_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o fruit_n but_o they_o bring_v forth_o 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agree_v best_a with_o each_o of_o they_o those_o who_o have_v garden_n and_o orchard_n situate_v in_o a_o very_a good_a soil_n need_v not_o all_o these_o instruction_n because_o the_o excellent_a nature_n of_o their_o ground_n do_v more_o of_o itself_o and_o without_o any_o pain_n than_o that_o which_o be_v amend_v with_o the_o great_a care_n the_o only_a design_n of_o this_o discourse_n be_v but_o only_o to_o help_v nature_n presuppose_v she_o to_o be_v sick_a and_o to_o have_v need_n of_o succour_n from_o abroad_o those_o then_o that_o will_v plant_v must_v above_o all_o thing_n observe_v the_o quality_n of_o their_o ground_n and_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v strong_a or_o light_a whether_o it_o be_v too_o dry_a or_o too_o moist_a soft_a or_o stony_a not_o only_o that_o he_o may_v give_v it_o such_o help_n as_o be_v necessary_a
instead_o of_o profit_v they_o you_o must_v afterwards_o put_v in_o a_o second_o bed_n of_o earth_n of_o the_o same_o depth_n with_o the_o first_o and_o half_o a_o foot_n of_o dung_n upon_o it_o mix_v they_o likewise_o well_o together_o and_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v need_n you_o may_v also_o add_v a_o three_o bed_n and_o so_o fill_v the_o hole_n till_o it_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ground_n because_o the_o dung_n settle_v as_o it_o rot_v this_o order_n must_v be_v follow_v as_o i_o have_v say_v already_o according_a as_o the_o earth_n have_v more_o or_o less_o need_n of_o be_v amend_v but_o always_o rather_o profuse_o than_o covetous_o but_o if_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o dung_n can_v be_v procure_v enough_o to_o make_v three_o bed_n care_n must_v be_v take_v especial_o to_o amend_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hole_n because_o that_o after_o it_o be_v fill_v and_o the_o tree_n plant_v that_o can_v be_v come_v at_o no_o more_o whereas_o on_o 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foot_n those_o tree_n which_o shall_v be_v thus_o plant_v above_o ground_n may_v after_o three_o year_n in_o the_o month_n of_o november_n be_v convenient_o dung_v upon_o the_o root_n to_o plant_v tree_n well_o against_o a_o wall_n a_o trench_n must_v be_v open_v of_o eight_o foot_n wide_a and_o three_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o dig_v whereof_o care_n must_v be_v have_v not_o to_o come_v near_o the_o wall_n by_o half_a a_o foot_n and_o that_o side_n of_o the_o trench_n also_o that_o be_v towards_o it_o must_v be_v cut_v aslope_o for_o fear_v of_o uncover_v the_o foundation_n and_o cause_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n while_o this_o trench_n be_v in_o dig_v the_o good_a mould_n must_v be_v sever_v from_o the_o bad_a and_o all_o the_o stone_n and_o root_n careful_o take_v out_o of_o it_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o it_o may_v afterwards_o be_v fill_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o the_o hole_n before_o speak_v of_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trench_n must_v be_v dig_v than_o a_o foot_n deep_a of_o good_a mould_n put_v into_o it_o and_o half_o a_o foot_n of_o very_o rot_a dung_n upon_o it_o these_o must_v be_v well_o mix_v and_o the_o fill_n of_o the_o trench_n continue_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o mould_n and_o dung_n until_o it_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o because_o that_o wall-fruit_n must_v be_v set_v with_o great_a care_n than_o other_o tree_n the_o planter_n must_v be_v curious_a in_o cause_v better_a mould_n such_o as_o that_o of_o turf_n cut_v small_a to_o be_v bring_v thither_o if_o that_o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o trench_n be_v not_o good_a enough_o and_o observe_v to_o put_v in_o a_o double_a proportion_n of_o mould_n to_o that_o of_o dung_n such_o as_o can_v at_o the_o first_o make_v trench_n so_o large_a must_v be_v content_a to_o open_v they_o at_o first_o but_o four_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o to_o enlarge_v they_o according_a as_o the_o tree_n shall_v have_v need_n of_o it_o when_o dwarf-stander_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v sometime_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o dig_v trench_n and_o to_o fill_v they_o with_o the_o same_o care_n as_o those_o for_o wall-fruit_n and_o sometime_o also_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v hole_n of_o six_o foot_n square_a and_o to_o dung_n they_o well_o this_o difference_n depend_v upon_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n chap._n vi_o how_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v to_o be_v dispose_v according_a to_o the_o several_a position_n for_o the_o well-dispose_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o garden_n there_o must_v be_v consider_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n its_o position_n in_o order_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o its_o situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o wind_n after_o the_o read_n of_o the_o chapter_n where_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o ground_n be_v treat_v of_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v that_o such_o fruit_n as_o be_v tender_a and_o full_a of_o moisture_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o those_o ground_n that_o be_v most_o pleasant_a and_o dry_a and_o the_o big_a fruit_n such_o as_o pear_n and_o apple_n in_o those_o ground_n that_o be_v strong_a and_o moist_a because_o the_o first_o to_o be_v tender_a and_o of_o a_o good_a taste_n do_v require_v a_o dry_a soil_n and_o the_o other_o need_v a_o more_o plentiful_a nourishment_n will_v have_v that_o which_o be_v more_o strong_a and_o moist_a now_o as_o in_o general_a all_o such_o fruit_n as_o have_v stone_n be_v more_o tender_a than_o those_o with_o kernel_n it_o be_v better_a to_o plant_v they_o in_o a_o dry_a and_o soft_a earth_n but_o to_o be_v yet_o more_o exact_a it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o among_o such_o fruit_n as_o have_v stone_n some_o be_v more_o tender_a than_o other_o and_o that_o of_o fruit_n with_o kernel_n some_o be_v dry_a and_o other_o full_a of_o moisture_n and_o that_o they_o ought_v therefore_o to_o be_v place_v in_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o dry_a according_a to_o their_o different_a quality_n for_o this_o cause_n such_o pear_n as_o be_v very_o full_a of_o moisture_n as_o the_o winter-bon_fw-fr crestien_n the_o beurré_v the_o bergamot_n and_o the_o other_o a_o pear_n beurrée_n or_o butter-pear_n be_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o dry_a ground_n and_o those_o pear_n which_o be_v very_o dry_a as_o the_o amadote_n and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n in_o those_o ground_n that_o be_v moist_a because_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o ground_n correct_v the_o contrary_a fault_n of_o the_o fruit_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v better_o in_o one_o garden_n than_o in_o another_o and_o from_o hence_o the_o bon_fw-fr crestien_n pear_n be_v of_o a_o more_o tender_a substance_n and_o a_o high_a taste_n when_o they_o grow_v in_o dry_a ground_n in_o which_o the_o amadote_n be_v not_o so_o good_a become_v too_o dry_a and_o stony_a which_o on_o the_o contrary_a be_v excellent_a in_o moist_a ground_n where_o the_o bon_fw-fr crestien_n have_v neither_o colour_n nor_o taste_n because_o of_o the_o too_o much_o moisture_n which_o make_v its_o substance_n more_o rude_a and_o gross_a some_o ground_n there_o be_v of_o so_o just_a a_o temper_n and_o so_o sweet_a a_o constitution_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v they_o dry_a or_o waterish_a tender_a or_o gross_a do_v come_v to_o a_o equal_a perfection_n in_o they_o in_o these_o happy_a situation_n the_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v now_o make_v be_v useless_a such_o as_o plant_v in_o these_o can_v never_o commit_v a_o error_n and_o therefore_o this_o advice_n be_v only_o proper_a for_o those_o ground_n which_o be_v without_o that_o excellent_a temperament_n do_v approach_n to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o extreme_a and_o be_v either_o too_o cold_a or_o too_o hot_a too_o dry_a or_o too_o moist_a another_o thing_n necessary_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o tree_n be_v to_o observe_v their_o position_n in_o order_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o especial_o in_o wall-tree_n now_o there_o be_v four_o principal_a sort_n of_o these_o position_n one_o towards_o the_o east_n upon_o which_o the_o sun_n shine_v from_o its_o rise_n until_o noon_n the_o second_o contrary_a unto_o it_o towards_o the_o west_n which_o receive_v the_o sun_n from_o noon_n till_o night_n the_o three_o be_v that_o towards_o the_o south_n which_o be_v enlighten_v by_o the_o sun_n from_o eight_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 4_o in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o four_o which_o have_v the_o least_o sun_n of_o all_o be_v that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o which_o see_v not_o the_o sun_n but_o for_o three_o hour_n
fruit_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v that_o to_o order_v fruit-tree_n well_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o separate_v they_o and_o to_o make_v particular_a plantation_n of_o pear-tree_n appletree_n red-fruit_n and_o plum-tree_n to_o the_o end_n that_o each_o of_o these_o kind_n may_v be_v place_v in_o that_o soil_n and_o situation_n which_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a for_o it_o beside_o that_o all_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n grow_v unequal_o and_o some_o of_o they_o come_v to_o a_o great_a bigness_n than_o other_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v plant_v in_o divers_a place_n and_o be_v set_v at_o different_a distance_n for_o they_o can_v be_v mix_v together_o without_o hurt_v each_o other_o a_o order_n yet_o more_o exact_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o place_n of_o tree_n which_o be_v in_o every_o particular_a plantation_n to_o place_v all_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o fruit_n together_o and_o in_o the_o same_o row_n as_o all_o the_o a_o pear_n roussellet_n and_o so_o all_o other_o different_a kind_n in_o this_o nevertheless_o every_o man_n may_v use_v his_o own_o discretion_n and_o place_v they_o according_a to_o his_o fancy_n the_o keep_n of_o a_o more_o exact_a order_n in_o the_o place_n of_o wall-sruit_n be_v likewise_o indifferent_a so_o that_o the_o several_a sort_n be_v exact_o put_v in_o such_o situation_n as_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o they_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o fruit_n may_v either_o be_v set_v all_o together_o or_o else_o mix_v with_o other_o in_o this_o every_o one_o may_v follow_v their_o own_o inclination_n nevertheless_o in_o make_v a_o great_a plantation_n i_o think_v it_o very_o convenient_a to_o separate_v such_o pear_n as_o be_v to_o be_v eat_v raw_a from_o the_o bake_a pear_n the_o summer-fruit_n from_o the_o winter_n and_o to_o plant_v every_o kind_n by_o itself_o because_o the_o season_n of_o their_o grow_a ripe_a be_v different_a they_o be_v more_o easy_o gather_v when_o set_v apart_o by_o themselves_o and_o in_o such_o plantation_n as_o be_v for_o cider_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o separate_v the_o different_a sort_n of_o apple_n because_o each_o sort_n make_v its_o particular_a cider_n beside_o this_o order_n the_o planter_n must_v be_v very_o careful_a be_v it_o in_o wall-fruit_n or_o great_a plant_n to_o set_v the_o tree_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n according_a to_o their_o kind_n not_o too_o near_o nor_o too_o far_o from_o each_o other_o that_o this_o may_v be_v do_v he_o be_v to_o consider_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n because_o the_o tree_n become_v large_a and_o grow_v further_o out_o in_o a_o strong_a than_o in_o a_o light_a soil_n he_o must_v also_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o wind_n because_o as_o the_o great_a plantation_n be_v more_o or_o less_o expofe_v to_o they_o so_o must_v the_o tree_n be_v set_v close_o or_o further_o from_o each_o other_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o tree_n defend_v themselves_o much_o better_o from_o the_o wind_n when_o they_o be_v plant_v near_o together_o in_o good_a ground_n which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o tillage_n that_o other_o thing_n may_v be_v sow_v under_o the_o tree_n the_o ordinary_a distance_n betwixt_o pear-tree_n or_o appletree_n ought_v to_o be_v betwixt_o eight_o or_o ten_o fathom_n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v leave_v for_o herbage_n four_o or_o five_o fathom_n betwixt_o each_o tree_n will_v be_v sufficient_a and_o in_o place_n expose_v to_o great_a wind_n the_o distance_n must_v not_o be_v above_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n because_o the_o tree_n be_v plant_v close_o do_v preserve_v one_o another_o in_o sandy_a and_o stony_a ground_n it_o be_v good_a to_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o between_o three_o and_o four_o fathom_n for_o stone-fruit_n as_o plum-tree_n apricot_n cherry-tree_n and_o a_o hart-cherry-tree_n vigarro-tire_n graft_v upon_o a_o b_o cherrytree_n merisier_n be_v they_o high-stander_n or_o dwarf_n they_o must_v be_v plant_v at_o three_o fathom_n from_o one_o another_o but_o if_o the_o cherry-tree_n be_v graft_v upon_o cherry-stock_n take_v from_o the_o root_n of_o other_o because_o these_o increase_v not_o so_o much_o in_o wood_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o plant_v they_o at_o 12_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n asunder_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o for_o peartree_n graft_v upon_o quince-stock_n plant_v for_o dwarf-stander_n in_o any_o sort_n of_o alley_n or_o walk_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o set_v they_o at_o every_o twelve_o foot_n except_o it_o be_v in_o waterish_a ground_n where_o they_o must_v be_v place_v at_o 15_o foot_n distance_n to_o the_o end_n that_o be_v further_o from_o each_o other_o they_o may_v enjoy_v the_o more_o air_n and_o sun_n yet_o when_o they_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o single_a row_n they_o may_v be_v set_v between_o eight_o and_o nine_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o because_o that_o meet_v thereby_o the_o soon_o they_o do_v give_v a_o better_a shape_n unto_o the_o hedge_n neither_o can_v they_o hurt_v each_o other_o because_o they_o have_v air_n enough_o on_o both_o side_n but_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v plash_v upon_o a_o pole-hedge_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o a_o walk_n from_o the_o wall_n these_o tree_n must_v be_v place_v at_o twelve_o foot_n asunder_o and_o order_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o those_o against_o a_o wall_n the_o distance_n of_o dwarf_n pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n graft_v upon_o tree-stock_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v raise_v from_o kernel_n ought_v in_o light_n and_o sandy_a ground_n to_o be_v eighteen_o foot_n and_o twenty_o four_o foot_n in_o strong_a ground_n the_o same_o as_o in_o great_a plant_n for_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o save_v that_o the_o one_o be_v tall_a and_o have_v a_o high_a stem_n and_o the_o other_o low_a and_o without_o a_o stem_n shoot_v out_o their_o branch_n at_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v more_o under_o shelter_n from_o the_o wind_n as_o for_o appletree_n graft_v upon_o the_o paradise-apple_n see_v that_o they_o grow_v very_o little_a in_o wood_n the_o ordinary_a rule_n when_o they_o be_v plant_v in_o many_o row_n be_v to_o place_v they_o nine_o foot_n a_o sunder_o but_o when_o one_o row_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v alone_o they_o may_v be_v place_v at_o every_o six_o foot_n in_o the_o plant_a wall-fruit_n peach_n apricot_n and_o plum-tree_n must_v be_v set_v at_o fifteen_o foot_n from_o each_o other_o in_o light_a ground_n and_o at_o eighteen_o in_o those_o that_o be_v strong_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o pear-tree_n they_o be_v common_o plant_v at_o eight_o ten_o and_o twelve_o foot_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n those_o that_o plant_v wall-fruit_n do_v ordinary_o mix_v pear-tree_n and_o peach_n together_o suppose_v by_o this_o diversity_n to_o render_v they_o the_o more_o beautiful_a because_o by_o this_o mean_n their_o wall_n will_v never_o be_v unfurnished_v indeed_o the_o peach-tree_n sudden_o put_v forth_o good_a store_n of_o wood_n do_v in_o short_a time_n cover_v the_o wall_n and_o then_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o waste_v and_o diminish_v the_o pear-tree_n succeed_v insensible_o fill_v up_o that_o place_n which_o the_o peach-tree_n seem_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o have_v quit_v to_o make_v room_n for_o they_o nevertheless_o those_o that_o be_v more_o curious_a have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o plant_v all_o the_o pear-tree_n by_o themselves_o and_o to_o set_v the_o peach-tree_n and_o apricot_n together_o without_o intermix_v they_o because_o that_o the_o wall_n be_v set_v with_o tree_n that_o be_v equal_a and_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v the_o more_o equal_o cover_v and_o the_o tree_n themselves_o do_v thereby_o become_v the_o more_o agreeable_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o order_n beside_o that_o peach_n and_o apricot_n tree_n set_v upon_o a_o plumm-stock_n do_v much_o eat_v out_o the_o earth_n and_o rob_v the_o pear-tree_n of_o their_o nourishment_n those_o notwithstanding_o who_o be_v impatient_a till_o they_o see_v their_o wall_n cover_v may_v plant_v their_o pear-tree_n at_o a_o fathom_n distance_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o resolution_n to_o take_v away_o one_o betwixt_o every_o two_o after_o five_o or_o six_o year_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o endamage_v one_o another_o this_o manner_n of_o place_v the_o tree_n at_o every_o six_o foot_n afford_v the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v the_o wall_n always_o well_o furnish_v and_o also_o of_o gather_v much_o more_o fruit_n in_o the_o first_o year_n but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v to_o set_v two_o pear-tree_n of_o one_o kind_n of_o fruit_n together_o that_o when_o one_o be_v to_o be_v take_v away_o there_o may_v always_o remain_v another_o in_o his_o place_n and_o order_n beside_o this_o care_n of_o plant_v the_o pear-tree_n together_o and_o
half_a a_o foot_n afterwards_o all_o the_o root_n must_v be_v handsome_o extend_v without_o force_v or_o constrain_v they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o wall-tree_n the_o foot_n of_o it_o must_v be_v place_v at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n from_o the_o wall_n and_o so_o lay_v that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o stem_n or_o branch_n may_v come_v within_o two_o inch_n of_o it_o that_o the_o new_a branch_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v the_o more_o commodious_o plash_v against_o it_o when_o the_o tree_n be_v so_o place_v the_o root_n must_v all_o be_v draw_v outward_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v and_o bring_v from_o the_o wall_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o find_v the_o more_o nourishment_n and_o be_v more_o plentiful_o water_v with_o the_o reins_n during_o the_o summer_n after_o this_o the_o root_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o good_a mould_n soft_a and_o light_a mix_v with_o some_o other_o mould_n from_o a_o bed_n thorough_o rot_v if_o such_o be_v to_o be_v have_v for_o this_o cause_v they_o to_o take_v again_o the_o soon_o and_o put_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fibrous_a root_n care_n must_v also_o be_v take_v to_o furnish_v they_o well_o with_o mould_n so_o as_o no_o void_a space_n may_v remain_v betwixt_o the_o root_n to_o this_o end_n after_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n the_o tree_n must_v be_v lift_v up_o a_o little_a and_o shake_v with_o your_o hand_n that_o the_o mould_n be_v short_a and_o movable_a may_v fall_v and_o slip_v between_o the_o root_n to_o fill_v up_o entire_o all_o the_o hole_n the_o gardener_n must_v as_o i_o say_v observe_v in_o plant_v not_o to_o sink_v the_o tree_n into_o the_o ground_n more_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n for_o the_o ground_n be_v always_o better_a above_o than_o downward_o the_o root_n do_v there_o find_v the_o more_o nourishment_n and_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v rot_v and_o spoil_v by_o too_o much_o moisture_n beside_o that_o be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o be_v more_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o do_v likewise_o receive_v advantage_n by_o the_o dew_n and_o small_a reins_n which_o fall_v in_o summer_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o root_n be_v sink_v too_o deep_a they_o be_v never_o refresh_v by_o all_o those_o summer_n rain_n which_o be_v neither_o of_o such_o force_n or_o continuance_n to_o pierce_v into_o the_o earth_n more_o than_o a_o good_a half-foot_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v beneath_o dry_v and_o harden_v itself_o about_o the_o root_n and_o afford_v they_o no_o more_o nourishment_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v conjecture_v that_o the_o most_o ordinary_a cause_n which_o make_v tree_n to_o grow_v yellow_a proceed_v from_o their_o be_v set_v too_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n but_o see_v the_o tree_n so_o plant_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v for_o the_o two_o first_o year_n suffer_v from_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v their_o root_n yet_o too_o tender_a to_o resist_v it_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v they_o by_o make_v a_o bank_n of_o ordinary_a mould_n a_o foot_n high_a above_o they_o for_o the_o wideness_n of_o four_o foot_n round_o about_o the_o stem_n the_o top_n whereof_o must_v be_v lay_v plain_a that_o the_o water_n may_v the_o better_o stop_v there_o and_o pierce_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v further_a needful_a in_o march_n after_o this_o earth_n have_v be_v well_o stir_v to_o spread_v upon_o it_o some_o long_a dung_n that_o be_v not_o hot_a the_o breadth_n of_o three_o foot_n about_o the_o stem_n and_o four_o inch_n thick_a or_o if_o such_o dung_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v to_o lay_v some_o fern_n upon_o it_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v keep_v fresh_a and_o the_o root_n preserve_v from_o the_o too_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o if_o neither_o dung_n nor_o fern_n can_v be_v have_v whererewith_o to_o cover_v these_o bank_n of_o earth_n than_o they_o must_v be_v stir_v four_o or_o five_o time_n a_o year_n only_o the_o depth_n of_o half_a a_o spade-bit_n for_o fear_n of_o harm_v the_o root_n and_o these_o stir_n must_v be_v continue_v until_o the_o tree_n be_v strong_a and_o so_o these_o bank_n of_o earth_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v bring_v low_a by_o stir_v they_o from_o year_n to_o year_n now_o see_v that_o in_o trench_n and_o hole_n fill_v up_o with_o good_a store_n of_o dung_n the_o earth_n settle_v in_o proportion_n as_o the_o dung_n rot_v and_o consume_v it_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o plant_v to_o set_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n level_v with_o the_o ordinary_a ground_n because_o the_o earth_n settle_v in_o the_o trench_n sink_v low_a and_o carry_v the_o tree_n along_o with_o it_o this_o care_n must_v especial_o be_v have_v in_o the_o plant_n of_o such_o pear-tree_n as_o be_v ingraff_v upon_o a_o quince-stock_n and_o apple_n upon_o a_o paradise-apple_n because_o if_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o tree_n be_v plant_v too_o low_a so_o that_o the_o graff_n come_v to_o be_v within_o the_o ground_n they_o will_v put_v forth_o root_n and_o thereby_o cause_v the_o tree_n insensible_o to_o partake_v of_o the_o graff_n and_o so_o to_o change_v their_o nature_n in_o cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n the_o trench_n must_v be_v raise_v be_v it_o for_o wall-fruit_n or_o a_o they_o counter-hedge_n 2_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o ordinary_a ground_n upon_o which_o the_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v to_o the_o end_n that_o be_v further_o from_o the_o water_n their_o fruit_n may_v be_v better_a and_o fair_a colour_v for_o they_o can_v have_v a_o good_a taste_n grow_v in_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v always_o moist_a and_o wet_a for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o high_a situation_n be_v the_o most_o advantageous_a for_o the_o goodness_n of_o fruit_n because_o the_o water_n run_v from_o they_o with_o the_o more_o facility_n there_o may_v likewise_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o 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the_o stem_n of_o the_o tall_a plant_n be_v any_o thing_n feeble_a it_o will_v be_v needful_a to_o strike_v in_o a_o stake_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o each_o of_o they_o which_o must_v be_v strong_a and_o of_o the_o length_n of_o five_o foot_n above_o ground_n to_o keep_v the_o tree_n steady_a and_o hinder_v the_o wind_n from_o shake_v they_o but_o this_o stake_n must_v be_v short_a than_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o tree_n lest_o it_o wry_a the_o branch_n that_o shoot_v forth_o it_o be_v further_a necessary_a in_o such_o place_n where_o beast_n be_v pasture_v to_o put_v thorn_n about_o each_o tree_n to_o keep_v the_o beast_n from_o come_v near_o it_o or_o rub_v themselves_o against_o it_o but_o because_o these_o thorn_n may_v grate_v and_o hurt_v the_o bark_n which_o be_v yet_o tender_a and_o so_o breed_v canker_n in_o the_o tree_n which_o kill_v they_o their_o whole_a stem_n must_v before_o the_o thorn_n be_v put_v about_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o long_a litter_n or_o fodder_n and_o then_o be_v bind_v about_o with_o straw_n the_o same_o course_n must_v be_v take_v with_o those_o tree_n that_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o a_o nursery_n where_o have_v be_v always_o shade_v and_o cover_v from_o the_o sun_n their_o bark_n be_v so_o tender_a and_o delicate_a that_o if_o it_o be_v on_o a_o sudden_a expose_v to_o hard_a frost_n and_o to_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n especial_o in_o a_o soil_n that_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a it_o become_v wither_v and_o base_a whitish_a and_o mossy_a for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o to_o preserve_v it_o neat_a and_o handsome_a it_o must_v for_o six_o year_n be_v cover_v with_o straw_n until_o the_o tree_n
of_o branch_n he_o must_v further_o observe_v in_o the_o order_n of_o peach_n and_o apricot_n that_o these_o kind_n of_o tree_n have_v very_o much_o sap_n become_v unfurnished_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o come_v to_o ruin_v in_o a_o short_a time_n if_o he_o let_v they_o grow_v too_o far_o or_o stay_v too_o long_o before_o he_o pinch_v they_o for_o the_o great_a shoot_n which_o they_o put_v forth_o do_v not_o only_o carry_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o do_v also_o choke_v up_o the_o small_a branch_n that_o be_v behind_o and_o those_o which_o fill_v up_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o do_v hinder_v the_o fruit_n from_o have_v a_o good_a taste_n or_o colour_n he_o must_v therefore_o fasten_v to_o the_o wall_n all_o those_o branch_n as_o they_o shoot_v and_o plash_n the_o peach-tree_n and_o apricot-tree_n often_o and_o with_o more_o care_n than_o the_o pear-tree_n because_o that_o have_v more_o sap_n they_o put_v forth_o their_o 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small_a and_o base_a may_v have_v their_o head_n cut_v off_o in_o the_o wane_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o february_n at_o a_o foot_n above_o their_o division_n cut_v they_o aslope_o with_o the_o cut_n towards_o the_o wall_n that_o it_o may_v be_v shade_v from_o the_o sun_n for_o so_o they_o will_v put_v forth_o new_a branch_n which_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n do_v make_v a_o new_a tree_n and_o bear_v fair_a fruit_n if_o those_o tree_n which_o stand_v in_o open_a air_n have_v their_o bark_n base_a and_o cover_v with_o moss_n you_o must_v in_o winter_n after_o a_o rain_n or_o in_o a_o misty_a and_o moist_a season_n rub_v they_o with_o wispe_n of_o straw_n or_o stubble_n that_o be_v very_o rough_a and_o scrape_v off_o the_o moss_n with_o knife_n of_o wood_n that_o it_o may_v fall_v off_o after_o which_o you_o must_v with_o a_o bill_n take_v away_o the_o old_a bark_n to_o the_o quick_a for_o the_o tree_n be_v thus_o clear_v and_o discharge_v do_v shoot_v forth_o with_o new_a strength_n 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apricot_n inoculate_v upon_o a_o plumm-stock_n or_o pear-tree_n graft_v upon_o a_o quince_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o spread_v the_o dung_n upon_o the_o ground_n fix_z foot_n round_o about_o the_o stem_n and_o so_o to_o dig_v and_o work_v the_o earth_n and_o it_o well_o together_o with_o a_o spade_n for_o the_o root_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n spread_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v easy_o sensible_a of_o the_o amendment_n chap._n x._o the_o way_n of_o procure_v fair_a fruit_n although_o the_o beauty_n of_o fruit_n depend_v principal_o upon_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o kind_n and_o the_o vigour_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o though_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o taste_n proceed_v from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o their_o position_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o can_v very_o fair_a fruit_n be_v have_v unless_o care_n be_v take_v when_o they_o be_v first_o knot_v to_o pluck_v off_o and_o disburden_v the_o tree_n of_o some_o of_o they_o when_o they_o have_v too_o many_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o sap_n spread_v into_o too_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o fruit_n can_v make_v they_o to_o grow_v great_a or_o nourish_v they_o with_o such_o abundance_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o fruit_n must_v never_o be_v leave_v upon_o tree_n but_o in_o proportion_n to_o their_o strength_n this_o care_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o fruit_n which_o remain_v grow_v fair_a and_o better_o but_o it_o contribute_v very_o much_o also_o to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o indeed_o we_o see_v that_o such_o tree_n as_o bear_v exceed_o full_a and_o be_v not_o ease_v of_o their_o fruit_n do_v spend_v all_o their_o force_n and_o ruin_v themselves_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n this_o course_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v take_v with_o large_a fruit_n and_o winter-pear_n because_o they_o need_v much_o nourishment_n and_o hang_v a_o long_a time_n upon_o the_o tree_n when_o there_o be_v too_o much_o fruit_n upon_o the_o tree_n you_o must_v take_v off_o some_o of_o they_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n observe_v to_o leave_v but_o few_o upon_o the_o weak_a bough_n because_o they_o have_v not_o sap_n enough_o to_o nourish_v they_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n there_o must_v no_o more_o be_v leave_v upon_o the_o strong_a bough_n but_o in_o proportion_n to_o their_o strength_n and_o not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o upon_o every_o knot_n especial_o upon_o the_o bon_fw-fr crestien_n pear-tree_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o become_v fair_a without_o comparison_n but_o in_o the_o take_n of_o the_o fruit_n thus_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o break_v off_o the_o pear_n or_o cut_v they_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o stalk_n with_o shears_o and_o to_o wring_v off_o the_o apricot_n peach_n and_o pavy_n that_o you_o loosen_v not_o nor_o harm_v the_o rest_n when_o the_o fruit_n begin_v to_o grow_v ripe_a if_o the_o head_n be_v not_o too_o great_a it_o be_v good_a to_o take_v away_o or_o turn_v aside_o the_o leaf_n that_o cover_v they_o to_o make_v they_o better_o colour_v this_o must_v particular_o be_v practise_v upon_o the_o winter-bon_fw-fr crestien_n violet-peache_n and_o cherry-peache_n because_o their_o beauty_n consist_v in_o the_o brightness_n of_o their_o colour_n but_o for_o this_o the_o gardener_n must_v take_v a_o proper_a season_n and_o not_o uncover_v they_o but_o when_o it_o be_v convenient_a for_o if_o he_o take_v away_o the_o leaf_n too_o soon_o while_o the_o fruit_n be_v yet_o tender_a it_o dry_v and_o burn_v away_o through_o the_o too_o great_a heat_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o he_o stay_v too_o long_o the_o fruit_n remain_v
they_o be_v old_a i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o make_v they_o bear_v be_v when_o they_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v remove_v to_o take_v they_o whole_o up_o in_o november_n in_o the_o wane_n and_o present_o to_o plant_v they_o again_o in_o the_o same_o or_o another_o place_n with_o all_o their_o root_n only_o a_o little_a refresh_v the_o end_n of_o they_o and_o cut_v the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n a_o little_a as_o much_o as_o you_o will_v have_v do_v have_v they_o not_o be_v take_v up_o experience_n have_v teach_v i_o that_o after_o this_o change_n they_o do_v in_o a_o short_a time_n bear_v good_a store_n of_o fruit_n there_o be_v some_o tree_n also_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o contrary_a fault_n to_o that_o now_o mention_v which_o ruin_n and_o consume_v themselves_o within_o a_o few_o year_n by_o too_o much_o bear_v to_o diminish_v this_o ruinous_a and_o mortal_a fruitfulness_n their_o head_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o or_o their_o bough_n shorten_v to_o the_o half_a two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o new_a moon_n in_o march_n and_o for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n all_o their_o fruit-bud_n must_v be_v take_v off_o for_o by_o this_o mean_n provide_v that_o their_o root_n be_v lively_a they_o will_v grow_v much_o into_o wood_n tree_n be_v also_o subject_a to_o other_o malady_n as_o canker_n which_o breed_v in_o their_o bark_n and_o eat_v it_o so_o that_o they_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o the_o bough_n whereon_o they_o be_v peach-tree_n and_o apricot-tree_n be_v more_o ordinary_o take_v with_o this_o disease_n than_o pear-tree_n because_o of_o the_o too_o great_a abundance_n of_o their_o sap_n to_o heal_v they_o of_o it_o you_o must_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o appear_v cut_v off_o all_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v eat_v with_o it_o and_o even_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v infect_v by_o it_o and_o if_o it_o have_v eat_v round_o about_o the_o bough_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o underneath_o it_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o the_o cut_n must_v immediate_o be_v cover_v with_o fresh_a cowdung_n or_o hogs-dung_n and_o wrap_v about_o upon_o that_o with_o flax_n or_o linen_n so_o that_o no_o air_n come_v to_o it_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v the_o canker_n be_v stop_v from_o go_v further_o and_o the_o bough_n will_v recover_v there_o be_v also_o certain_a worm_n breed_v betwixt_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n of_o tree_n which_o do_v they_o much_o harm_n when_o they_o be_v perceive_v they_o must_v be_v follow_v and_o their_o tract_n discover_v with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pruning-knife_n until_o they_o be_v find_v and_o if_o they_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o bough_n it_o must_v be_v cut_v off_o below_o they_o and_o the_o open_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o bark_n rub_v with_o cowdung_n or_o hogs-dung_n that_o it_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o recover_v caterpillar_n be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o tree_n or_o fruit_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o gardiner_n can_v be_v too_o careful_a to_o take_v they_o away_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o to_o take_v heed_n that_o in_o wall-tree_n no_o old_a leaf_n remain_v betwixt_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o wall_n because_o in_o such_o they_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o tree_n begin_v to_o blossom_n and_o grow_v green_a a_o exact_a search_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o take_v away_o the_o caterpillar_n for_o than_o they_o run_v upon_o the_o blossom_n and_o spoil_v the_o fruit_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o knot_n they_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o unhandsomeness_n which_o we_o see_v upon_o may_v pear_n for_o on_o that_o side_n where_o they_o have_v bite_v or_o eat_v they_o the_o skin_n profit_v no_o more_o so_o that_o the_o pear_n increase_v but_o upon_o one_o side_n become_v hunch-backed_a and_o of_o a_o extravagant_a shape_n the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n most_o proper_a for_o the_o take_v away_o these_o caterpillar_n be_v betwixt_o nine_o and_o ten_o in_o the_o morning_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v because_o than_o they_o run_v upon_o the_o bloom_n and_o the_o new_a shoot_v a_o principal_a advice_n concerning_o all_o tree_n the_o conclusion_n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v examine_v the_o nature_n of_o tree_n with_o so_o much_o care_n and_o to_o have_v give_v so_o many_o instruction_n for_o the_o well_o order_v of_o they_o if_o i_o shall_v not_o conclude_v with_o that_o advice_n which_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o principal_a and_o most_o important_a of_o all_o shall_v i_o not_o shut_v up_o all_o with_o this_o truth_n that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v fair_a plant_n unless_o he_o love_v they_o for_o it_o be_v neither_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n nor_o the_o quantity_n of_o dung_n nor_o the_o advantageous_a situation_n which_o make_v tree_n to_o grow_v well_o but_o it_o be_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o master_n which_o animate_v they_o and_o render_v they_o strong_a and_o vigorous_a thus_o we_o see_v that_o if_o this_o affection_n be_v want_v if_o they_o be_v neglect_v though_o they_o be_v plant_v in_o the_o best_a 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to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o master_n or_o at_o least_o in_o that_o of_o his_o gardener_n i_o will_v not_o counsel_v he_o to_o plant_v because_o his_o labour_n will_v remain_v unprofitable_a and_o without_o fruit_n nor_o have_v i_o write_v these_o memorial_n for_o other_o than_o those_o that_o have_v this_o inclination_n and_o be_v lover_n of_o plant_n for_o have_v this_o affection_n they_o need_v but_o small_a assitance_n beside_o to_o do_v wonder_v and_o although_o i_o know_v well_o that_o my_o work_n be_v very_o rude_a and_o little_a considerable_a i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o that_o it_o will_v prove_v useful_a for_o they_o in_o their_o work_n by_o lay_v open_a unto_o they_o the_o way_n to_o new_a knowledge_n so_o that_o be_v already_o good_a gardiner_n they_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o as_o a_o wild-stock_n upon_o which_o they_o may_v put_v good_a graff_n and_o gather_v from_o they_o excellent_a fruit_n finis_fw-la courteous_a reader_n these_o book_n follow_v be_v print_v for_o humphrey_n moseley_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n various_a history_n with_o curious_a discourse_n in_o human_a learning_n etc._n etc._n 1_o historical_a relation_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o flanders_n by_o cardinal_n bentivoglio_n english_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a henry_n earl_n of_o monmouth_n fol._n 2._o the_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o flanders_n write_v in_o italian_a by_o that_o learned_a and_o famous_a cardinal_n bentivoglio_n english_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a henry_n e._n of_o monmouth_n the_o whole_a work_n illustrate_v with_o a_o map_n of_o the_o 17._o province_n and_o above_o 20_o figure_n of_o the_o chief_a personage_n mention_v in_o this_o history_n fol._n 3._o the_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n with_o the_o persian_n goth_n and_o vandal_n write_v in_o greek_a by_o procopius_n of_o caesaria_n in_o eight_o book_n translate_v into_o english_a by_o sir_n henry_n holcroft_n knight_n fol._n 4._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la belgico_fw-la the_o history_n of_o the_o low-country_n war_n write_v in_o latin_a by_o famianus_n strada_n in_o english_a by_o sir_n robert_n stapylton_n illustrate_v with_o divers_a figure_n fol._n 5._o the_o use_n of_o passion_n write_v by_o i._n f._n senalt_n and_o put_v into_o english_a by_o henry_n earl_n of_o monmouth_n 8o_n 6._o judicious_a and_o select_a essay_n and_o observation_n by_o the_o renown_a and_o learned_a knight_n sir_n walter_n raleigh_n with_o his_o apology_n for_o his_o voyage_n to_o guiana_n fol._n 7._o the_o complete_a horseman_n and_o expert_a farrier_n in_o two_o book_n by_o thomas_n de_n gray_n esquire_n new_o print_v with_o addition_n in_o 4_o 1656._o 8._o unheard-of_a curiosity_n concerning_o the_o talismanical_a sculpture_n
make_v application_n of_o my_o rule_n upon_o tree_n or_o cause_v some_o other_o to_o do_v it_o in_o his_o sight_n here_o he_o will_v find_v in_o short_a all_o that_o which_o my_o own_o experience_n and_o the_o acquaintance_n which_o i_o have_v have_v all_o my_o life_n long_o with_o the_o master_n of_o this_o art_n can_v gain_v unto_o i_o after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n and_o will_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n make_v his_o advantage_n of_o that_o pain_n which_o i_o have_v daily_o continue_v for_o so_o many_o year_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o long_a study_n and_o great_a practice_n be_v require_v to_o make_v observation_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o must_v be_v learn_v by_o experience_n and_o reason_n both_o together_o and_o in_o which_o a_o man_n must_v oftentime_o attend_v many_o year_n to_o make_v one_o single_a experiment_n especial_o where_o scarce_o any_o one_o have_v go_v before_o from_o who_o he_o may_v take_v instruction_n with_o assurance_n but_o he_o that_o find_v gather_v into_o one_o all_o that_o a_o man_n can_v get_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n during_o his_o whole_a age_n and_o that_o long_o enough_o or_o draw_v from_o the_o communication_n of_o other_o will_v find_v these_o thing_n very_o easy_a by_o make_v use_n of_o his_o labour_n to_o who_o at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v very_o hard_a i_o say_v not_o this_o as_o pretend_v to_o boast_v that_o i_o have_v set_v down_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o this_o matter_n for_o than_o shall_v i_o have_v write_v more_o than_o i_o know_v myself_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o be_o thorough_o persuade_v that_o i_o may_v yet_o learn_v many_o thing_n entire_o new_a wherefore_o i_o do_v with_o much_o earnestness_n entreat_v all_o those_o that_o be_v able_a to_o add_v to_o my_o observation_n or_o else_o can_v correct_v they_o as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o be_v many_o who_o can_v i_o entreat_v such_o i_o say_v not_o to_o envy_v their_o skill_n to_o those_o that_o love_v gardening_n and_o to_o myself_o inparticular_a since_o i_o so_o free_o communicate_v unto_o they_o all_o that_o which_o i_o myself_o have_v get_v i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o great_a personage_n of_o these_o time_n who_o be_v of_o the_o most_o know_v in_o this_o affair_n who_o as_o they_o have_v all_o their_o life_n long_o mix_v this_o divertisement_n with_o their_o public_a employment_n and_o profound_a study_n of_o the_o high_a science_n i_o do_v conjure_v that_o they_o will_v be_v please_v not_o to_o deny_v a_o few_o hour_n more_o of_o their_o leisure_n to_o instruct_v such_o as_o follow_v they_o in_o their_o inclination_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o refuse_v to_o adorn_v those_o garden_n which_o they_o have_v always_o so_o much_o love_v with_o the_o beauty_n of_o our_o language_n which_o they_o have_v in_o such_o perfection_n or_o at_o least_o that_o they_o will_v permit_v somewhat_o of_o this_o subject_a to_o fall_v from_o their_o hand_n among_o so_o many_o noble_a work_n which_o daily_o proceed_v thence_o and_o do_v ravish_v into_o admiration_n all_o such_o as_o behold_v they_o it_o be_v not_o that_o i_o think_v of_o enter_v the_o list_n with_o they_o or_o dispute_v against_o they_o the_o prize_n of_o agriculture_n for_o although_o i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v this_o sort_n of_o contention_n which_o be_v esteem_v good_a and_o profitable_a among_o man_n by_o one_o of_o those_o ancient_a philosophical_a poet_n who_o authority_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o preface_n notwithstanding_o i_o have_v no_o other_o thought_n in_o it_o but_o that_o of_o excite_v they_o to_o appear_v in_o this_o field_n be_v ready_a to_o yield_v they_o the_o pâ—ace_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o take_v it_o and_o shall_v believe_v that_o i_o have_v entire_o satisfy_v that_o passion_n which_o i_o have_v always_o â—ad_a to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o the_o gardiner_n if_o i_o may_v be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o procure_v for_o they_o so_o good_a master_n the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n chap._n 1._o concerning_o nursery_n the_o first_o and_o principal_a care_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v who_o will_v have_v store_n of_o plant_n and_o those_o fair_a be_v to_o have_v nursery_n of_o their_o own_o in_o which_o they_o may_v bring_v up_o tree_n wherewith_o to_o plant_v their_o garden_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o tree_n take_v from_o such_o domestic_a nursery_n thrive_v much_o better_a than_o other_o procure_v from_o abroad_o because_o that_o be_v replant_v present_o after_o they_o have_v be_v take_v up_o and_o meet_v with_o earth_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v they_o do_v thereby_o grow_v again_o with_o the_o great_a facility_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a tree_n bring_v from_o afar_o off_o be_v always_o much_o change_v in_o the_o transportation_n their_o root_n often_o batter_v and_o spoil_v and_o run_v a_o hazard_n of_o be_v hurt_v by_o frost_n so_o that_o they_o grow_v again_o with_o much_o more_o difficulty_n and_o ordinary_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o die_v beside_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o a_o planter_n to_o be_v assure_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o tree_n and_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o their_o fruit_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o avoid_v the_o displeasure_n which_o oftentime_o befall_v those_o that_o buy_v of_o be_v force_v to_o replant_v new_a tree_n or_o to_o graft_v again_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v when_o they_o may_v have_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v their_o fruit_n to_o which_o may_v also_o further_o be_v add_v that_o such_o as_o bring_v not_o up_o nursery_n of_o their_o own_o can_v make_v large_a plantation_n without_o great_a cost_n some_o judge_n it_o more_o advantageous_a to_o take_v such_o tree_n as_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o dry_a and_o barren_a soil_n to_o replant_v they_o in_o a_o better_a than_o to_o choose_v they_o from_o a_o good_a ground_n be_v persuade_v that_o these_o thirsty_a tree_n meet_v with_o a_o fresh_a earth_n do_v immediate_o perceive_v that_o change_n and_o spring_n with_o the_o great_a vigour_n but_o reason_n and_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o tree_n bring_v up_o in_o a_o hungry_a ground_n find_v but_o little_a nourishment_n there_o do_v likewise_o put_v forth_o but_o few_o root_n and_o can_v therefore_o have_v but_o a_o small_a growth_n of_o body_n and_o that_o yellowish_a and_o mossy_a and_o although_o they_o be_v afterwards_o replant_v in_o a_o excellent_a soil_n have_v but_o few_o root_n they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o draw_v abundant_o that_o good_a nourishment_n which_o there_o they_o meet_v with_o and_o consequent_o of_o grow_v to_o any_o purpose_n beside_o that_o their_o bark_n be_v already_o dry_a and_o wither_a for_o want_n of_o nourishment_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o small_a moisture_n which_o they_o find_v in_o that_o barren_a ground_n can_v easy_o receive_v the_o sap_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o ascend_v into_o the_o branch_n on_o the_o contrary_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o tree_n take_v from_o a_o good_a ground_n have_v always_o good_a store_n of_o root_n the_o body_n strong_a and_o vigorous_a and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v replant_v in_o a_o soil_n as_o good_a be_v it_o by_o nature_n or_o art_n they_o do_v take_v again_o very_o easy_o and_o sprout_v with_o great_a force_n chap._n ii_o the_o manner_n of_o plant_v nursery_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o good_a nursery_n care_n must_v be_v have_v especial_o of_o three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v to_o choose_v good_a plant_n the_o second_o to_o place_v it_o in_o a_o good_a soil_n and_o the_o three_o to_o dress_v it_o well_o because_o the_o want_n of_o either_o of_o these_o three_o render_v the_o two_o other_o useless_a to_o bring_v up_o a_o nursery_n of_o pear-tree_n and_o *_o wild_a appletree_n for_o high-stander_n and_o proper_a for_o the_o produce_n of_o large_a tree_n you_o must_v choose_v pear_n and_o apple-stock_n of_o one_o year_n growth_n only_o these_o come_v of_o the_o kernel_n of_o those_o fruit_n which_o to_o that_o end_n must_v be_v sow_v in_o march_n upon_o bed_n of_o earth_n well_o prepare_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o gardener_n sow_v their_o seed_n these_o kernel_n so_o sow_v and_o weed_v during_o the_o summer_n will_v put_v forth_o a_o twig_n strong_a enough_o to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o nursery_n the_o winter_n follow_v the_o way_n to_o procure_v such_o kernel_n with_o ease_n be_v to_o sift_v the_o husk_n or_o remainder_n of_o apple_n and_o pear_n when_o the_o perry_n and_o cider_n be_v press_v from_o they_o but_o without_o take_v this_o trouble_n you_o may_v buy_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o normandy_n both_o these_o sort_n of_o plant_n already_o grow_v where_o they_o
deep_o within_o the_o ground_n than_o they_o be_v in_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v the_o trench_n after_o this_o must_v be_v fill_v with_o mould_n that_o be_v soft_a and_o small_a that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o enclose_v the_o root_n of_o these_o small_a plant_n and_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v dig_v on_o both_o side_n and_o heap_v about_o the_o plant_n that_o no_o more_o of_o it_o appear_v above_o than_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o finger_n breadth_n nursery_n of_o quince-stock_n and_o such_o as_o be_v design_v for_o the_o bring_n up_o of_o dwarf-tree_n be_v they_o pear-tree_n peach_n or_o plum-tree_n must_v be_v plant_v after_o another_o manner_n for_o these_o plant_n must_v be_v place_v in_o the_o trench_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o and_o must_v be_v cut_v at_o 2._o or_o 3._o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v put_v forth_o young_a wood_n upon_o which_o to_o graft_v only_o the_o paradise_n appletree_n must_v not_o be_v cut_v low_a than_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a from_o the_o earth_n because_o this_o kind_n of_o tree_n be_v a_o long_a time_n in_o grow_v big_a it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o preserve_v its_o old_a wood_n to_o graft_v upon_o in_o a_o cleave_a and_o to_o enjoy_v it_o thereby_o the_o soon_o for_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o graft_n it_o come_v much_o more_o quick_a than_o by_o inoculate_v it_o with_o a_o scutcheon_n nor_o be_v it_o sufficient_a for_o the_o bring_n up_o of_o fair_a tree_n to_o have_v procure_v good_a plant_n and_o to_o have_v plant_v they_o well_o but_o it_o be_v further_a of_o very_o great_a importance_n to_o be_v careful_a in_o the_o well_o order_v of_o they_o to_o this_o end_n about_o the_o month_n of_o may_n when_o the_o little_a pear_n or_o apple-stock_n begin_v to_o bud_v you_o must_v with_o your_o finger_n careful_o take_v off_o all_o the_o bud_n but_o one_o from_o each_o stock_n so_o that_o it_o may_v put_v forth_o but_o one_o shoot_v only_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n cause_v all_o the_o weed_n to_o be_v take_v away_o which_o be_v grow_v about_o they_o and_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n in_o a_o fair_a season_n the_o nursery_n must_v be_v dig_v and_o lay_v even_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o good_a spade-bit_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o furrow_n only_o for_o the_o gardener_n when_o he_o come_v near_o the_o stock_n at_o about_o a_o foot_n distance_n must_v carry_v the_o spade_n light_o and_o not_o enter_v it_o above_o half_o so_o deep_a as_o before_o for_o fear_n of_o hurt_v the_o root_n this_o be_v do_v it_o must_v be_v cover_v all_o over_o with_o ferne_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v yet_o fresh_a about_o four_o inch_n thick_a yet_o so_o that_o it_o choke_v not_o the_o stock_n afterwards_o about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n the_o fern_n must_v be_v handsome_o gather_v together_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o cast_v into_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o the_o row_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o the_o stock_n must_v afterward_o be_v uncover_v about_o the_o depth_n of_o half_a a_o spade-bit_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o trench_n that_o during_o the_o winter_n the_o reins_n and_o snow_n may_v the_o more_o easy_o fall_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n to_o moisten_v they_o in_o uncover_v the_o plant_n the_o earth_n that_o be_v take_v away_o must_v be_v throw_v upon_o the_o fern_n to_o cause_v it_o to_o rot_v the_o better_a but_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o leave_v the_o earth_n about_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o plant_n a_o inch_n or_o two_o thick_a that_o they_o may_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o frost_n and_o for_o fear_n of_o cut_v or_o uncover_v their_o root_n when_o the_o winter_n be_v past_a the_o plant_n must_v be_v cover_v again_o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n in_o a_o fair_a season_n and_o the_o whole_a nursery_n dig_v again_o and_o lay_v even_a in_o dig_v it_o the_o fern_n must_v be_v cut_v with_o the_o spade_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o serve_v for_o soil_n and_o 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one_o another_o and_o confuse_o in_o the_o trench_n make_v at_o two_o foot_n distance_n and_o cover_v with_o earth_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o four_o or_o five_o finger_n only_o afterwards_o they_o must_v be_v keep_v with_o some_o small_a slight_a dress_n and_o dig_v for_o three_o year_n without_o pull_v or_o strip_v they_o after_o which_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o and_o plant_v in_o wood_n or_o if_o you_o be_v desirous_a to_o raise_v they_o into_o tall_a tree_n for_o walk_n or_o avenue_n they_o must_v be_v set_v in_o a_o nursery_n like_o peary-stock_n and_o then_o when_o they_o be_v set_v into_o the_o nursery_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v at_o a_o
inch_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o shoot_v out_o till_o march_n of_o their_o second_o year_n when_o they_o must_v be_v strip_v to_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o foot_n only_o and_o but_o one_o sprig_n leave_v upon_o they_o after_o which_o they_o must_v not_o be_v touch_v nor_o any_o branch_n of_o they_o be_v cut_v till_o they_o be_v take_v up_o to_o be_v place_v where_o they_o must_v grow_v although_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o my_o design_n i_o be_o to_o speak_v of_o no_o tree_n but_o such_o only_a as_o bear_v fruit_n have_v enclose_v all_o my_o walk_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o garden_n yet_o have_v the_o beauty_n of_o wood_n and_o walk_n carry_v i_o insensible_o out_o of_o it_o and_o now_o i_o find_v myself_o so_o far_o engage_v that_o i_o believe_v i_o may_v return_v to_o the_o path_n from_o which_o i_o have_v stray_v speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o wild_a tree_n with_o which_o wood_n and_o avenue_n 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and_o fir-tree_n you_o must_v in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n sow_v the_o seed_n of_o they_o scatter_v they_o without_o any_o order_n in_o shady_a place_n cover_v with_o leaf_n as_o in_o wood_n that_o be_v somewhat_o open_a and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v up_o leave_v they_o there_o till_o they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a when_o you_o may_v take_v they_o up_o and_o set_v they_o where_o they_o must_v stand_v because_o be_v remove_v when_o they_o be_v young_a they_o do_v the_o more_o easy_o take_v again_o they_o may_v also_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o nursery_n but_o than_o they_o must_v be_v take_v up_o be_v very_o small_a and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v far_o care_n must_v be_v have_v of_o con_z they_o in_o bag_n with_o their_o root_n well_o wrap_v up_o in_o moss_n or_o earth_n that_o they_o come_v not_o to_o the_o air_n and_o observe_v to_o plant_v they_o immediate_o in_o good_a ground_n in_o the_o shade_n three_o or_o four_o foot_n distant_a every_o way_n 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graft_v they_o all_o at_o one_o time_n and_o to_o that_o end_n to_o pull_v upall_a those_o stock_n that_o be_v too_o weak_a and_o plant_v they_o in_o some_o other_o place_n for_o they_o will_v otherwise_o choke_v the_o graff_n and_o hinder_v they_o from_o grow_v then_o you_o must_v graft_v they_o in_o febr._n or_o march_n at_o the_o full_a moon_n that_o they_o may_v spring_v with_o the_o more_o vigour_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o they_o be_v graft_v in_o the_o wane_n they_o will_v bear_v too_o soon_o care_n must_v also_o be_v take_v to_o cut_v the_o scion_n from_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v in_o their_o year_n of_o bear_v and_o full_a of_o fruit-bud_n and_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v they_o must_v be_v cut_v in_o the_o wane_n at_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a to_o form_v the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o graft_v well_o after_o this_o way_n you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o stock_n you_o will_v graft_v upon_o towards_o the_o bottom_n five_o or_o six_o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n it_o must_v be_v cut_v aslope_o like_o a_o hind_n foot_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o other_o half_a flat_a that_o thereby_o the_o syen_z may_v the_o better_o be_v place_v upon_o it_o because_o the_o tree_n be_v this_o cut_n do_v the_o more_o easy_o recover_v itself_o you_o must_v also_o be_v careful_a to_o cut_v this_o slope_n towards_o the_o north_n for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o will_v not_o dry_v so_o soon_o as_o if_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o south_n and_o therefore_o recover_v itself_o the_o soon_o and_o again_o because_o the_o back_n of_o the_o graff_n must_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o always_o be_v turn_v towards_o the_o south_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o may_v be_v in_o as_o much_o as_o thereby_o it_o better_a resist_v the_o great_a wind_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o turn_v with_o the_o back_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o be_v by_o the_o least_o wind_n loosen_v and_o break_v now_o that_o the_o back_n of_o the_o graff_n may_v be_v turn_v towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v judge_v that_o the_o slope_n of_o the_o cut_n must_v be_v on_o the_o side_n expose_v to_o the_o north_n it_o be_v further_a necessary_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o more_o but_o one_o syen_z be_v put_v upon_o each_o stock_n how_o big_a soever_o to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v form_v but_o one_o stem_n and_o also_o that_o the_o graff_n may_v become_v proportionable_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o stock_n that_o be_v strong_a if_o that_o be_v strong_a and_o little_a if_o that_o be_v weak_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o tree_n be_v graft_v it_o must_v present_o be_v cover_v handsome_o and_o without_o shake_v the_o syen_z with_o clay_n or_o galt_z mix_v with_o very_o small_a hay_n or_o moss_n lest_o it_o dry_a and_o crack_v this_o way_n of_o graft_n in_o a_o cleft_n be_v also_o best_a upon_o paradice-apple-stock_n and_o plumm-stock_n when_o you_o graft_v other_o plum_n upon_o they_o it_o be_v also_o good_a for_o cherry_n and_o merisier_n inoculate_v by_o a_o scutcheon_n with_o a_o a_o bud._n bud_n not_o shoot_v forth_o be_v better_a then_o graft_n upon_o quince-stock_n and_o upon_o plumme-stock_n when_o you_o put_v upon_o they_o peach_n pavy_n and_o apricot-tree_n but_o the_o scutcheon_n must_v be_v place_v upon_o young_a wood_n and_o where_o the_o stock_n be_v not_o too_o big_a because_o when_o the_o bark_n be_v hard_a they_o take_v with_o more_o difficulty_n and_o be_v the_o long_a before_o they_o be_v recover_v now_o for_o asmuch_o as_o these_o tree_n be_v seldom_o bring_v up_o with_o a_o high_a stem_n for_o stander_n but_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o hedge_n against_o wall_n or_o keep_v low_a as_o dwarf-tree_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v branch_v from_o the_o foot_n there_o may_v two_o bud_n be_v put_v upon_o each_o stock_n when_o they_o be_v inoculate_v only_a care_n must_v be_v take_v not_o to_o put_v they_o both_o upon_o one_o side_n one_o above_o the_o other_o for_o by_o that_o mean_n they_o will_v harm_v one_o another_o and_o come_v to_o shoot_v will_v give_v a_o ill_a shape_n unto_o the_o tree_n the_o best_a way_n to_o place_v they_o be_v on_o both_o side_n and_o one_o high_a than_o the_o other_o because_o when_o they_o be_v put_v over_o against_o each_o other_o it_o prove_v very_o hard_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n betwixt_o the_o two_o bud_n and_o the_o place_n cut_v will_v the_o more_o hardly_o recover_v itself_o some_o there_o be_v who_o do_v most_o esteem_v the_o tree_n that_o come_v of_o one_o bud_n only_o account_v
they_o handsome_a than_o other_o wherefore_o in_o the_o inoculate_n of_o they_o they_o put_v but_o one_o bud_n upon_o each_o stock_n for_o my_o part_n though_o i_o be_o of_o their_o opinion_n so_o far_o as_o to_o think_v those_o tree_n which_o have_v but_o one_o stem_n to_o be_v more_o natural_a and_o consequent_o more_o beautiful_a than_o other_o especial_o dwarf-stander_n which_o to_o be_v well_o fashion_v aught_o to_o have_v their_o stem_n about_o a_o foot_n high_a yet_o i_o will_v counsel_v the_o put_n of_o two_o bud_n always_o upon_o every_o stock_n because_o if_o either_o of_o the_o two_o take_v the_o stock_n may_v not_o fail_v but_o then_o too_o it_o be_v only_o upon_o condition_n to_o leave_v only_o the_o best_a grow_v and_o to_o take_v off_o the_o other_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o year_n this_o kind_n of_o inoculate_v with_o a_o bud_n not_o shoot_v forth_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o wane_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o june_n july_n or_o august_n always_o upon_o young_a wood_n because_o it_o have_v more_o sap_n and_o the_o bark_n by_o consequence_n more_o tender_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v take_v up_o for_o this_o reason_n in_o the_o plant_n of_o quince_n and_o plumm-stock_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v at_o two_o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o to_o make_v they_o put_v forth_o new_a wood_n but_o not_o inoculate_v until_o their_o second_o year_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v strong_a enough_o for_o if_o they_o be_v weak_a the_o graff_n can_v shoot_v forth_o but_o with_o difficulty_n and_o do_v but_o languish_v there_o be_v no_o more_o certain_a mean_n of_o procure_v fair_a tree_n than_o by_o graffi_v and_o inoculate_v upon_o a_o stock_n that_o be_v strong_a and_o vigorous_a the_o time_n proper_a for_o inoculate_v depend_v upon_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o territory_n because_o according_a as_o that_o be_v early_o or_o late_o so_o must_v the_o work_n there_o be_v early_o or_o late_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v that_o in_o hot_a country_n where_o the_o sap_n begin_v to_o ascend_v betimes_o it_o descend_v also_o soon_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o last_v long_a in_o moist_a ground_n where_o the_o spring_n be_v more_o lateward_a for_o this_o cause_n the_o gardener_n must_v not_o always_o stay_v for_o the_o second_o sap_n but_o often_o inoculate_v after_o the_o first_o especial_o upon_o plum-stock_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v for_o the_o second_o when_o abricot-stock_n almond_n and_o peach-stock_n be_v to_o be_v inoculate_v upon_o because_o their_o first_o sap_n be_v so_o abundant_a that_o if_o while_o it_o be_v in_o force_n the_o bark_n be_v cut_v to_o put_v in_o a_o bud_n it_o issue_v out_o and_o cause_v a_o gumm_n about_o the_o scutcheon_n which_o oftentimes_o choke_v and_o kill_v it_o to_o hinder_v this_o mischief_n the_o gardener_n must_v be_v careful_a to_o untie_v the_o scurcheon_n betimes_o to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sap_n but_o the_o best_a and_o most_o assure_a remedy_n be_v not_o to_o inoculate_v these_o sort_n of_o tree_n until_o the_o end_n of_o their_o second_o sap_n after_o that_o the_o great_a force_n of_o it_o be_v past_a he_o must_v also_o be_v careful_a not_o to_o inoculate_v they_o but_o in_o a_o dry_a season_n for_o the_o rain_n mischief_n the_o bud_n and_o hinder_v the_o take_n of_o it_o peach_n and_o pavy_n must_v always_o be_v inoculate_v with_o a_o scutcheon_n upon_o damson-stock_n or_o the_o st._n julien_n apricot_n or_o almond-stock_n but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o almond-tree_n if_o replant_v very_o seldom_o take_v again_o wherefore_o such_o as_o will_v put_v peach-tree_n and_o pavy_n upon_o it_o must_v sow_v almond_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o desire_v their_o tree_n shall_v grow_v and_o those_o sweet_a almond_n only_o because_o they_o have_v a_o better_a sap_n to_o nourish_v the_o graft_v than_o the_o bitter_a one_o the_o almond-tree_n take_v much_o better_a than_o the_o plumm-tree_n in_o dry_a and_o hard_a ground_n because_o have_v but_o few_o root_n it_o need_v not_o so_o much_o nourishment_n it_o be_v also_o not_o so_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o many_o sucker_n from_o its_o foot_n as_o the_o plumm-tree_n and_o wear_v not_o out_o the_o ground_n so_o much_o but_o it_o decay_v and_o die_v much_o soon_o than_o the_o plumm-tree_n plum-tree_n may_v be_v graft_v upon_o other_o plum-tree_n both_o by_o inoculation_n and_o in_o a_o cleft_n but_o the_o graff_n upon_o a_o cleft_n come_v to_o its_o perfection_n very_o much_o fast_o than_o that_o which_o be_v inoculate_v apricot_n may_v be_v inoculate_v upon_o all_o sort_n of_o plumm-stock_n but_o they_o bear_v the_o fair_a fruit_n when_o they_o be_v put_v upon_o such_o as_o bring_v forth_o the_o big_a whiteplumm_n because_o these_o be_v somewhat_o of_o their_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o they_o be_v inoculate_v upon_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o small_a black_a damson_n their_o fruit_n be_v dry_a firm_a and_o more_o proper_a for_o the_o confectioner_n cherry-tree_n and_o other_o red_a fruit_n may_v both_o be_v graft_v in_o a_o cleft_n and_o inoculate_v a_o bud_n with_o a_o budd_n not_o shoot_v forth_o but_o it_o be_v a_o better_a way_n and_o more_o assure_v to_o inoculate_v they_o b_o bud_n with_o a_o bud_n shoot_v forth_o this_o kind_n of_o inoculation_n be_v like_o the_o other_o by_o a_o bud_n not_o shoot_v save_v only_o that_o it_o must_v be_v do_v about_o mid-june_n and_o that_o present_o upon_o it_o the_o head_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o tree_n must_v be_v cut_v three_o inch_n above_o the_o scutcheon_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o sap_n find_v no_o other_o course_n may_v come_v free_o to_o it_o and_o cause_v it_o to_o spring_v there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o graft_n like_o unto_o that_o which_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o cleft_n which_o they_o call_v a_o empory-piece_n take_v out_o a_o piece_n because_o in_o this_o manner_n of_o graft_n the_o stock_n be_v cleave_v but_o very_o little_a instead_o whereof_o a_o place_n be_v cut_v in_o the_o wood_n to_o enter_v the_o graff_n this_o way_n of_o graft_n be_v principal_o put_v in_o practice_n upon_o great_a tree_n because_o they_o can_v whole_o be_v split_v without_o harm_v they_o much_o and_o in_o graft_n they_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v not_o to_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n too_o short_a nor_o too_o near_o the_o stem_n because_o they_o recover_v not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o be_v so_o wound_v do_v very_o often_o die_v you_o must_v also_o observe_v to_o leave_v they_o some_o small_a branch_n here_o and_o there_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n uncut_v off_o to_o receive_v a_o part_n of_o the_o sap_n for_o when_o that_o begin_v to_o ascend_v and_o instead_o of_o meet_v great_a branch_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a in_o which_o to_o spread_v itself_o meet_v with_o nothing_o but_o small_a graff_n too_o weak_a to_o receive_v it_o all_o it_o choke_v they_o through_o its_o abundance_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o die_v but_o then_o after_o the_o graff_n be_v take_v and_o have_v well_o shoot_v forth_o you_o must_v in_o march_n the_o next_o year_n after_o take_v away_o whole_o all_o those_o bough_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o cut_v they_o as_o close_o as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o their_o place_n may_v the_o more_o easy_o be_v cover_v again_o this_o kind_n of_o graft_n must_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n in_o february_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o which_o be_v in_o a_o cleft_n if_o these_o great_a tree_n have_v their_o bark_n too_o hard_a and_o their_o wood_n too_o stubborn_a to_o be_v graft_v upon_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n somewhat_o high_a to_o make_v they_o put_v out_o young_a wood_n and_o new_a branch_n upon_o which_o you_o may_v graft_v in_o their_o three_o year_n but_o see_v these_o great_a tree_n can_v be_v graft_v but_o very_o high_a and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bough_n care_n must_v be_v have_v to_o put_v some_o twig_n about_o the_o graff_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v put_v in_o for_o come_v to_o grow_v their_o shoot_n be_v so_o tender_a and_o so_o full_a of_o leaf_n that_o during_o the_o two_o first_o year_n they_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o be_v break_v with_o the_o least_o wind_n these_o twig_n also_o serve_v to_o hinder_v the_o bird_n from_o settle_v upon_o the_o graff_n and_o spoil_v they_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o mention_v divers_a other_o different_a way_n of_o graft_n as_o that_o which_o be_v call_v a_o itself_o en_fw-fr flusteau_fw-fr or_o in_o a_o flute_n which_o be_v use_v for_o chestnut-tree_n about_o midsummer_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o their_o full_a sap_n and_o that_o which_o be_v make_v
different_a quality_n and_o necessity_n of_o his_o ground_n cowdung_n which_o be_v of_o all_o the_o most_o common_a be_v thorough_o rot_v be_v also_o the_o best_a because_o it_o be_v the_o fat_a of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o do_v the_o more_o correct_v the_o most_o ordinary_a fault_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v too_o dry_a and_o hungry_a it_o preserve_v itself_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o have_v too_o much_o heat_n it_o must_v be_v carry_v and_o bury_v before_o winter_n which_o be_v the_o best_a season_n for_o dung_v because_o the_o dung_n uphold_v the_o soil_n make_v it_o more_o movable_a and_o light_a and_o cause_v the_o snow_n and_o rain_n which_o fall_v in_o the_o winter_n to_o sink_v the_o deep_a into_o it_o and_o by_o their_o moisture_n to_o render_v it_o the_o more_o fruitful_a sheep_n dung_n be_v also_o very_o fat_a but_o be_v hot_a than_o cowdung_n it_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o cold_a ground_n this_o must_v be_v lay_v and_o bury_v in_o the_o month_n of_o november_n before_o the_o depth_n of_o winter_n horse-dung_n be_v the_o least_o fat_a of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o very_o proper_a for_o tree_n which_o have_v always_o more_o need_n of_o fat_a and_o nourishment_n than_o of_o heat_n for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v most_o ordinary_o use_v for_o kitchen_n garden_n to_o heat_v the_o ground_n and_o thereby_o to_o bring_v up_o the_o herb_n quick_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o account_n exceed_v good_a in_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v very_o moist_a to_o dry_v they_o and_o thereby_o to_o make_v they_o more_o light_a and_o short_a it_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v employ_v for_o all_o use_n when_o it_o be_v thorough_o rot_v or_o when_o mingle_v with_o other_o sort_n of_o dung_n that_o be_v when_o it_o have_v lose_v all_o its_o heat_n this_o must_v be_v spread_v betimes_o and_o bury_v in_o the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o its_o heat_n may_v be_v dissipate_v before_o the_o 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fresh_a as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o pigeon-house_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o old_a tree_n to_o renew_v they_o but_o then_o it_o must_v be_v spread_v in_o the_o beginning_n of_o november_n two_o inch_n thick_a only_o and_o care_n must_v be_v have_v to_o lay_v it_o no_o near_o than_o within_o afoot_a of_o the_o stem_n and_o not_o to_o bury_v it_o until_o spring_n that_o during_o the_o winter_n it_o may_v receive_v all_o the_o snow_n and_o rain_n in_o those_o country_n where_o dung_n be_v hard_a to_o be_v procure_v it_o be_v very_o good_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o cleanse_n of_o pool_n or_o lake_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n of_o turf_n out_o upon_o the_o highway_n the_o scour_n of_o pond_n be_v very_o fat_a and_o moist_a be_v excellent_a good_a for_o such_o land_n as_o be_v light_a and_o which_o have_v nobody_o nor_o moisture_n but_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v before_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o frost_n have_v pass_v over_o they_o for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o the_o mould_n of_o a_o 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every_o one_o know_v the_o quality_n of_o his_o ground_n and_o that_o also_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o dung_n and_o other_o manure_n which_o may_v be_v use_v will_v easy_o judge_v with_o which_o sort_n his_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v amend_v but_o this_o knowledge_n will_v be_v to_o small_a purpose_n if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v good_a use_n of_o it_o for_o if_o the_o dung_n be_v not_o employ_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v it_o may_v hurt_v the_o tree_n very_o much_o and_o spoil_v they_o instead_o of_o do_v they_o good_a a_o man_n can_v never_o take_v too_o much_o care_n in_o prepare_v a_o ground_n well_o before_o it_o be_v plant_v because_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n depend_v absolute_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o fault_n which_o be_v there_o make_v at_o the_o first_o become_v afterwards_o irreparable_a it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o search_v under_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o to_o bring_v any_o soil_n thither_o when_o it_o be_v once_o plant_v for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o to_o prepare_v the_o ground_n well_o for_o great_a plant_n the_o hole_n must_v be_v open_v great_a or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o ground_n have_v more_o or_o less_o need_n of_o be_v amend_v in_o the_o rich_a soil_n they_o must_v be_v make_v six_o foot_n square_a and_o if_o for_o pear-tree_n they_o must_v be_v dig_v two_o foot_n deep_a for_o appletree_n but_o one_o foot_n for_o if_o the_o hole_n be_v make_v deep_a the_o root_n will_v follow_v the_o good_a mould_n and_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n when_o be_v straighten_a and_o not_o find_v sufficient_a nourishment_n they_o languish_v whereas_o be_v plant_v very_o high_a and_o their_o root_n spread_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v always_o the_o best_a they_o profit_v with_o pleasure_n and_o bring_v forth_o their_o fruit_n big_a and_o better_o nourish_v now_o see_v that_o in_o dig_v these_o hole_n all_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v take_v out_o of_o they_o be_v not_o equal_o good_a and_o none_o but_o the_o best_a must_v be_v take_v to_o fill_v they_o again_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v know_v that_o the_o uppermost_a earth_n be_v always_o the_o most_o exexcellent_a not_o only_o where_o stone_n gravel_n or_o galt_z lie_v very_o near_o the_o sword_n but_o also_o even_o in_o the_o best_a ground_n because_o the_o deep_a earth_n have_v never_o feel_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n nor_o receive_v that_o pleasant_a moisture_n which_o the_o rain_n bring_v with_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v dead_a and_o incapable_a of_o production_n and_o therefore_o must_v never_o be_v put_v again_o into_o the_o hole_n where_o it_o will_v remain_v unprofitable_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o such_o as_o plant_v can_v have_v the_o patience_n to_o leave_v the_o hole_n open_v for_o a_o year_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o soil_n will_v thereby_o become_v the_o better_a and_o that_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o they_o will_v be_v make_v more_o 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in_o the_o morning_n and_o as_o much_o in_o the_o afternoon_n during_o the_o summer_n solstice_n all_o other_o kind_n of_o position_n be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o four_o principal_a one_o and_o differ_v no_o otherwise_o than_o as_o they_o do_v inequal_o partake_v of_o the_o sun_n and_o enjoy_v more_o or_o less_o of_o its_o heat_n the_o best_a position_n for_o wall-fruit_n be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o sun_n from_o eight_o or_o ten_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n until_o the_o evening_n or_o from_o the_o sunrising_n until_o two_o or_o three_o in_o the_o afternoon_n because_o that_o be_v the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n the_o other_o position_n be_v better_a or_o worse_o according_a as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o expose_v to_o the_o midday_n sun_n those_o which_o have_v it_o only_o rise_v or_o set_v produce_v no_o effect_n but_o in_o very_o hot_a country_n where_o two_o hour_n of_o the_o sun_n ripen_v fruit_n more_o than_o four_o or_o five_o 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which_o can_v come_v to_o ripeness_n in_o that_o situation_n unless_o in_o a_o territory_n extraordinary_o hot_a in_o this_o situation_n may_v be_v plant_v some_o apricot-tree_n because_o their_o fruit_n will_v there_o ripen_v more_o lateward_a and_o have_v less_o colour_n and_o so_o will_v be_v more_o proper_a to_o be_v preserve_v but_o they_o bear_v but_o little_a for_o the_o most_o part_n when_o so_o place_v the_o best_a situation_n of_o all_o for_o the_o apricot-tree_n be_v that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o sunrising_n for_o in_o that_o position_n it_o bear_v more_o than_o in_o any_o other_o but_o yet_o if_o from_o a_o tree_n so_o place_v you_o will_v every_o year_n have_v good_a store_n of_o apricot_n you_o must_v be_v careful_a so_o long_o as_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o bloom_n to_o have_v they_o cover_v every_o night_n with_o mat_n or_o linen_n clothes_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o frost_n and_o not_o to_o have_v they_o uncover_a when_o the_o sun_n shine_v hot_a 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they_o near_o than_o a_o fathom_n from_o the_o tree_n that_o the_o air_n may_v pass_v betwixt_o both_o this_o care_n do_v not_o only_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n but_o do_v also_o keep_v the_o tree_n always_o green_a and_o vigorous_a and_o defend_v the_o young_a shoot_v from_o be_v dry_v and_o scorch_v by_o the_o too_o great_a heat_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o in_o country_n extraordinary_o hot_a the_o fruit_n must_v be_v leave_v more_o cover_v with_o leaf_n and_o in_o march_n the_o ground_n be_v new_o stir_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tree_n there_o must_v be_v spread_v some_o long_a course_n dung_n without_o heat_n five_o or_o six_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o four_o inch_n thick_a which_o must_v present_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o little_a mould_n to_o hide_v it_o from_o sight_n that_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o walk_n be_v not_o spoil_v in_o the_o place_n of_o great_a plant_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n but_o it_o must_v 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have_v get_v strength_n and_o be_v accustom_v to_o the_o open_a air_n such_o as_o be_v curious_a may_v further_o observe_v when_o they_o plant_v tree_n who_o bark_n be_v not_o well_o recover_v again_o to_o turn_v the_o back_n of_o the_o graff_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o the_o cut_n towards_o the_o north_n because_o in_o that_o position_n it_o will_v the_o more_o easy_o recover_v and_o if_o they_o remove_v such_o kind_n of_o tree_n as_o be_v tender_a and_o difficult_a to_o grow_v again_o such_o as_o be_v fir-tree_n and_o pine_n they_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o set_v they_o in_o the_o same_o situation_n and_o so_o to_o turn_v they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o frost_n in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v before_o they_o be_v take_v up_o because_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v these_o tender_a tree_n receive_v the_o same_o impression_n of_o the_o air_n to_o which_o they_o be_v accustom_v be_v scarce_o at_o all_o sensible_a of_o their_o 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with_o the_o more_o facility_n but_o wall-tree_n and_o dwarf_n must_v be_v let_v alone_o and_o suffer_v to_o put_v forth_o their_o sprout_n at_o liberty_n without_o take_v any_o branch_n from_o they_o during_o the_o first_o year_n except_o that_o if_o they_o shoot_v upward_o too_o fast_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o stop_v they_o at_o a_o foot_n high_a by_o pinch_v they_o once_o to_o make_v they_o grow_v big_a and_o strong_a and_o also_o to_o make_v they_o put_v forth_o such_o other_o small_a branch_n as_o may_v furnish_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o earth_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o wall-tree_n and_o such_o as_o be_v plant_v in_o counter-hedge_n over_o against_o wall_n must_v be_v stir_v four_o time_n in_o a_o year_n for_o the_o breadth_n of_o six_o foot_n in_o march_n and_o october_n to_o some_o depth_n but_o in_o may_n and_o july_n the_o depth_n of_o half_a a_o spade-bit_n only_o to_o kill_v the_o weed_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o mould_n short_a and_o capable_a of_o 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have_v this_o advantage_n that_o it_o hinder_v rich_a ground_n from_o chap_v and_o keep_v those_o always_o fresh_a that_o be_v light_a and_o sandy_a in_o plantation_n where_o the_o tree_n stand_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o eight_o or_o ten_o fathom_n so_o place_v because_o the_o ground_n may_v always_o be_v till_v and_o sow_v there_o be_v no_o further_a care_n to_o be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v use_v about_o ordinary_a tillage_n but_o only_o that_o such_o as_o plough_v they_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o the_o plough_n spoil_v not_o the_o tree_n by_o come_v too_o near_o they_o for_o the_o well-ordering_n of_o dwarf-stander_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o stir_v all_o the_o ground_n about_o they_o four_o time_n a_o year_n with_o a_o spade_n or_o a_o fork_a pickax_n not_o sow_v any_o grain_n upon_o it_o save_v only_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o alloy_n where_o it_o may_v be_v sow_v and_o near_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n from_o they_o may_v be_v make_v bed_n of_o strawberry_n and_o other_o small_a sallad-herb_n for_o other_o herb_n and_o flower_n be_v plant_v in_o the_o tillage_n above_o their_o root_n do_v wrong_v the_o tree_n except_o only_o anemone_n and_o ranunculus_fw-la which_o may_v be_v set_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n because_o they_o have_v but_o few_o leaf_n and_o root_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n there_o may_v be_v plant_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o tillage_n at_o six_o foot_n from_o the_o tree_n a_o row_n of_o strawberry-plant_n such_o as_o plant_v pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n in_o avenue_n along_o the_o way_n or_o about_o the_o side_n of_o their_o ground_n shall_v put_v none_o there_o but_o such_o as_o have_v a_o very_a high_a stem_n such_o as_o be_v the_o appletree_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-la manerbe_n and_o hautbois_n or_o the_o long-apple-tree_n for_o beside_o that_o these_o two_o kind_n have_v always_o a_o fair_a stem_n they_o do_v always_o form_v their_o head_n round_o with_o tall_a and_o strait_a bough_n so_o that_o load_v cart_n can_v touch_v they_o and_o their_o fruit_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o fall_v yet_o excellent_a for_o cider_n another_o care_n must_v be_v to_o plant_v there_o no_o fruit_n which_o be_v good_a to_o be_v eat_v in_o summer_n lest_o instead_o of_o fruit_n they_o receive_v nothing_o but_o a_o displeasure_n for_o the_o well_o plant_v and_o order_n of_o avenue_n be_v they_o elm_n lime-tree_n chest-nut_n wallnut-tree_n pear-tree_n or_o appletree_n the_o same_o care_n must_v be_v have_v which_o be_v use_v in_o great_a plantation_n of_o fruit-tree_n but_o as_o for_o oak_n and_o beech_n the_o manner_n be_v very_o different_a for_o these_o must_v be_v plant_v whole_a without_o head_v they_o so_o as_o you_o must_v be_v content_a only_o to_o prune_v they_o and_o to_o cut_v off_o their_o branch_n at_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n distance_n from_o the_o stem_n until_o you_o come_v within_o three_o foot_n of_o the_o top_n then_o you_o must_v put_v they_o in_o the_o ground_n with_o all_o their_o root_n and_o cover_v the_o foot_n of_o each_o with_o a_o bank_n of_o earth_n two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a rise_v to_o a_o point_n towards_o the_o stem_n which_o must_v be_v press_v close_o and_o beat_v to_o uphold_v the_o foot_n of_o these_o tree_n and_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o be_v shake_v by_o the_o wind_n because_o that_o be_v plant_v at_o twelve_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n high_a with_o all_o their_o top_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v overturn_v by_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n these_o bank_n of_o earth_n must_v not_o be_v take_v away_o nor_o stir_v till_o after_o five_o or_o six_o year_n when_o the_o tree_n have_v take_v a_o firm_a root_n but_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o open_v a_o small_a trench_n about_o they_o which_o may_v retain_v the_o water_n to_o moisten_v and_o nourish_v the_o root_n fir-tree_n and_o pine_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o take_v root_n again_o when_o they_o be_v remove_v must_v of_o necessity_n be_v replant_v while_o they_o be_v very_o young_a when_o they_o be_v not_o above_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n high_a their_o branch_n also_o must_v not_o be_v take_v off_o nor_o their_o root_n be_v cut_v unless_o such_o as_o have_v be_v hurt_v but_o they_o must_v when_o they_o be_v plant_v be_v bank_v with_o earth_n as_o the_o oak_n and_o beech_n and_o not_o be_v prune_v before_o they_o be_v grow_v very_o big_a and_o even_o than_o you_o must_v observe_v in_o the_o cut_v any_o branch_n from_o they_o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n to_o rub_v the_o wound_n immediate_o with_o hogs-dung_n or_o cowdung_n to_o hinder_v the_o gumm_n from_o issue_v out_o because_o that_o do_v very_o much_o wrong_v
those_o branch_n that_o be_v too_o confuse_v but_o that_o which_o the_o gardener_n in_o prune_v of_o his_o tree_n be_v principal_o to_o look_v after_o be_v that_o he_o leave_v neither_o the_o foot_n nor_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n too_o much_o unfurnished_v for_o this_o reason_n he_o must_v cut_v they_o rather_o too_o short_a than_o leave_v the_o bough_n too_o long_o take_v most_o from_o the_o high_a branch_n and_o such_o as_o be_v towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n because_o these_o draw_v all_o the_o sap_n to_o themselves_o and_o leave_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tree_n unfurnish_a this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o peach-tree_n be_v so_o difficult_a to_o be_v keep_v experience_n teach_v we_o that_o if_o the_o gardener_n do_v not_o perfect_o understand_v the_o way_n of_o cut_v they_o and_o take_v their_o sprout_n away_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v they_o will_v be_v ruin_v in_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n although_o that_o be_v well_o order_v they_o may_v last_v more_o than_o 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leaf-bud_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o little_a stump_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o twig_n which_o dry_v up_o and_o can_v recover_v itself_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n as_o for_o such_o bough_n as_o be_v take_v whole_o off_o they_o must_v as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v be_v cut_v as_o near_o the_o stem_n as_o may_v be_v for_o so_o they_o will_v recover_v the_o soon_o and_o that_o without_o make_v any_o knot_n the_o prune_n of_o peach-tree_n must_v be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o and_o then_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o spring_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o flower_n because_o their_o young_a wood_n be_v so_o tender_a that_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v it_o will_v be_v dry_v and_o spoil_v upon_o the_o least_o frost_n from_o whence_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o small_a twig_n die_v and_o must_v oftentimes_o be_v cut_v again_o the_o second_o time_n dwarf-stander_n which_o be_v plant_v in_o open_a air_n must_v be_v prune_v as_o those_o that_o be_v plant_v against_o a_o wall_n that_o be_v such_o 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taste_n for_o this_o reason_n these_o sort_n of_o tree_n must_v always_o be_v cut_v with_o a_o pruning-knife_n those_o bough_n be_v keep_v low_a which_o do_v shoot_v up_o too_o much_o and_o those_o take_v away_o which_o be_v superfluous_a to_o preserve_v thereby_o those_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v those_o that_o ordinary_o do_v bear_v fruit_n plum-tree_n and_o cherry-tree_n must_v not_o be_v cut_v or_o stop_v on_o the_o top_n but_o only_o clear_v and_o discharge_v of_o their_o useless_a wood_n within_o the_o tree_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n they_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o be_v keep_v as_o bush_n or_o dwarf_n the_o tree_n be_v thus_o prune_v and_o plash_v with_o care_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o sprout_n begin_v to_o appear_v and_o during_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n you_o must_v in_o the_o wane_n of_o the_o moon_n break_v the_o false_a shoot_v and_o sprout_n which_o come_v before_o and_o behind_o the_o stem_n and_o cut_v off_o those_o that_o shoot_v upon_o the_o elbow_n of_o such_o bough_n as_o be_v bend_v because_o that_o these_o false_a shoot_n do_v carry_v away_o all_o the_o sap_n of_o tree_n and_o the_o nourishment_n of_o good_a bough_n you_o must_v likewise_o pinch_v such_o as_o rise_v too_o high_a to_o make_v they_o fork_n and_o furnish_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o than_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o do_v it_o seasonable_o before_o they_o be_v too_o long_a and_o too_o hard_a for_o than_o they_o put_v forth_o sprig_n only_o at_o the_o second_o or_o three_o last_v leaf-bud_n and_o do_v not_o furnish_v themselves_o towards_o the_o foot_n but_o if_o the_o gardener_n have_v not_o be_v careful_a to_o take_v off_o the_o false_a shoot_v from_o his_o tree_n in_o season_n so_o that_o they_o be_v now_o grow_v too_o hard_o he_o must_v be_v content_a to_o cut_v they_o at_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n from_o the_o bough_n to_o retain_v that_o sap_n within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o these_o will_v carry_v 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without_o colour_n and_o of_o a_o flat_a taste_n this_o care_n be_v very_o necessary_a in_o cold_a and_o moist_a soil_n where_o the_o fruit_n be_v more_o rude_a and_o gross_a have_v need_n of_o a_o great_a heat_n to_o ripen_v it_o well_o and_o to_o give_v it_o a_o high_a taste_n every_o one_o may_v easy_o know_v the_o time_n that_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a for_o the_o gatherring_n of_o summer-fruit_n but_o for_o those_o of_o the_o autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n they_o must_v be_v leave_v upon_o the_o tree_n as_o long_o as_o may_v be_v because_o so_o they_o will_v keep_v the_o better_a except_o notwithstanding_o some_o of_o the_o butter-pear_n as_o the_o common_a beurré_v the_o bergamot_n the_o summer_n bon_fw-fr crestien_n which_o must_v be_v gather_v before_o they_o be_v full_o ripe_a for_o so_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v the_o long_a and_o be_v better_o and_o less_o harsh_a that_o winter-fruit_n may_v keep_v well_o they_o must_v be_v gather_v in_o a_o fair_a season_n and_o carry_v into_o the_o room_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v such_o as_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o delicate_a must_v be_v lay_v in_o row_n upon_o the_o board_n and_o the_o rest_n lay_v on_o heap_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o window_n of_o the_o room_n be_v open_a for_o about_o a_o month_n until_o they_o have_v sweat_n and_o cast_v forth_o all_o their_o water_n then_o the_o fruit_n must_v be_v dry_v again_o and_o all_o the_o window_n shut_v and_o open_v no_o more_o until_o all_o the_o fruit_n be_v go_v out_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o room_n be_v empty_a it_o must_v be_v careful_o cleanse_v and_o all_o the_o window_n set_v open_a that_o the_o air_n may_v carry_v away_o and_o dissipate_v the_o smell_n of_o the_o fruit_n the_o winter_n bon_fw-fr crestiens_fw-la be_v well_o wipe_v and_o dry_v must_v be_v lay_v without_o touch_v one_o another_o in_o press_n close_o shut_v and_o care_v take_v not_o to_o handle_v they_o but_o by_o the_o stalk_n lest_o they_o grow_v black_a a_o warm_a 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ground_n they_o draw_v all_o their_o nourishment_n if_o that_o be_v good_a they_o must_v necessary_o profit_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a must_v languish_v when_o that_o either_o want_v moisture_n or_o else_o supply_v they_o with_o such_o as_o be_v bad_a for_o this_o reason_n when_o a_o tree_n droop_v it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o soil_n wherein_o it_o be_v plant_v be_v not_o proper_a for_o it_o and_o therefore_o either_o its_o place_n must_v be_v change_v or_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v amend_v i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o languish_n of_o a_o tree_n proceed_v sometime_o from_o the_o ill_a kind_n of_o plant_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v graft_v and_o sometime_o also_o from_o have_v be_v ill_o plant_v and_o order_v but_o have_v already_o show_v how_o good_a plant_n may_v be_v choose_v and_o how_o tree_n ought_v to_o be_v cultivate_v i_o suppose_v that_o he_o which_o plant_n have_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v none_o but_o good_a tree_n and_o that_o he_o order_v they_o well_o and_o therefore_o that_o they_o can_v be_v sick_a but_o through_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o soil_n which_o either_o have_v not_o be_v enrich_v enough_o at_o the_o first_o or_o else_o be_v now_o wear_v out_o tree_n do_v easy_o show_v their_o malady_n by_o their_o leave_n which_o grow_v yellow_a and_o by_o their_o shoot_v which_o be_v weak_a languish_a and_o dry_a at_o the_o end_n now_o see_v that_o tree_n can_v suffer_v but_o either_o from_o the_o too_o great_a drought_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o from_o its_o too_o much_o moisture_n it_o be_v easy_o know_v that_o if_o they_o complain_v for_o be_v plant_v in_o too_o moist_a a_o soil_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v dry_a either_o by_o stone_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o mean_n heretofore_o mention_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o they_o suffer_v in_o dry_a and_o hard_a ground_n it_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o cure_n that_o they_o have_v the_o earth_n take_v from_o they_o in_o november_n and_o all_o their_o root_n be_v lay_v bare_a must_v have_v hogs-dung_n mix_v with_o good_a mould_n spread_v upon_o they_o because_o this_o sort_n of_o dung_n be_v cold_a refresh_v and_o moisten_v the_o ground_n which_o be_v too_o dry_a and_o take_v away_o consequent_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o disease_n droop_v tree_n may_v also_o be_v help_v by_o open_v the_o ground_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o they_o and_o when_o the_o mould_n be_v well_o stir_v cover_v it_o with_o pigeons-dung_n spread_v two_o or_o 3_o inch_n thick_a over_o all_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o root_n which_o dung_n must_v be_v leave_v so_o spread_v until_o march_n and_o then_o be_v wrought_v in_o and_o mix_v with_o the_o mould_n but_o none_o of_o this_o dung_n must_v be_v spread_v within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o stem_v yet_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o disease_a tree_n to_o have_v thus_o amend_v the_o ground_n about_o their_o root_n but_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a likewise_o in_o the_o 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but_o to_o stock_n it_o up_o and_o to_o plant_v another_o in_o its_o place_n after_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v change_v and_o dung_v which_o can_v be_v otherwise_o than_o much_o wear_v out_o see_v that_o the_o end_n and_o perfection_n of_o fruit-tree_n be_v to_o bear_v fruit_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o such_o as_o be_v in_o their_o full_a strength_n and_o yet_o bear_v none_o be_v defective_a this_o default_n come_v either_o from_o their_o have_v be_v inconvenient_o graft_v or_o else_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o too_o great_a plenty_n of_o nourishment_n which_o make_v they_o put_v forth_o nothing_o but_o wood_n and_o no_o fruit_n the_o remedy_n for_o which_o be_v to_o weaken_v they_o by_o take_v away_o from_o they_o this_o their_o too_o great_a vigour_n to_o this_o end_n the_o earth_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o foot_n of_o they_o in_o march_n in_o the_o wane_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o half_a of_o some_o of_o their_o principal_a root_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o if_o they_o 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