protection_n against_o the_o mouse_n and_o a_o providential_a integument_n pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 23._o from_o this_o natural_a guard_n conclude_v they_o to_o be_v excellent_a food_n and_o doubtless_o caesar_n think_v so_o when_o he_o transport_v they_o from_o sardis_n first_o into_o italy_n whence_o they_o be_v propagate_v into_o france_n and_o thence_o among_o we_o another_o encouragement_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n out_o of_o foreign_a country_n some_o sow_v they_o confuse_o in_o the_o furrow_n like_o the_o acorn_n and_o govern_v they_o as_o the_o oak_n but_o then_o will_v the_o ground_n be_v break_v up_o betwixt_o november_n and_o february_n and_o when_o they_o spring_v be_v cleanse_v at_o two_o foot_n asunder_o after_o two_o year_n growth_n likewise_o may_v copse_n of_o chestnut_n be_v wonderful_o increase_v and_o thicken_v by_o lay_v the_o tender_a and_o young_a branch_n but_o such_o as_o spring_v from_o the_o nut_n and_o matrons_n be_v best_a of_o all_o and_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o if_o be_v let_v stand_v without_o remove_v the_o ground_n be_v stir_v and_o loosen_a about_o their_o root_n for_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o first_o year_n and_o the_o superfluous_a wood_n prune_v away_o and_o indeed_o for_o good_a tree_n they_o shall_v be_v shripe_v up_o after_o the_o first_o year_n removal_n thus_o will_v you_o have_v a_o copse_n ready_a for_o a_o fell_n within_o eight_o year_n which_o beside_o many_o other_o use_n will_v yield_v you_o incomparable_a pole_n for_o any_o work_n of_o the_o garden_n vineyard_n or_o hopyard_n till_o the_o next_o cut_v and_o if_o the_o tree_n like_o the_o ground_n will_v in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n grow_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o timber_n and_o bear_v plentiful_a fruit_n 3._o i_o have_v see_v many_o chess-nut-tree_n transplant_v as_o big_a as_o my_o arm_n their_o head_n cut_v off_o at_o five_o and_o six_o foot_n height_n but_o they_o come_v on_o at_o leisure_n in_o such_o plantation_n and_o all_o other_o for_o avenue_n you_o may_v set_v they_o from_o thirty_o to_o ten_o foot_n distance_n though_o they_o will_v grow_v much_o near_o and_o shoot_v into_o pole_n if_o be_v tender_a you_o cultivate_v they_o like_o the_o ash_n the_o nature_n of_o who_o shade_n it_o resemble_v since_o nothing_o affect_n much_o to_o grow_v under_o it_o some_o husband_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o young_a chess-nut-tree_n shall_v not_o be_v prune_v or_o touch_v with_o any_o knife_n or_o edgetool_n for_o the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o year_n but_o rather_o crop_v or_o break_v off_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o far_a experience_n 4._o the_o chessnut_n be_v graff_v in_o the_o walnut_n oak_n or_o beech_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v will_v come_v exceed_o fair_a and_o produce_v incomparablâ—_n fruit_n for_o the_o walnut_n and_o chessnut_n in_o each_o other_o it_o be_v probable_a but_o i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v a_o full_a attempt_n they_o also_o speak_v of_o inoculate_v cherry_v in_o the_o chessnut-stock_n for_o a_o late_a fruit_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o wish_v we_o do_v more_o universal_o propagate_v the_o horse-chessnut_a which_o be_v easy_o increase_v from_o layer_n grow_v into_o a_o goodly_a standard_n and_o bear_v a_o most_o glorious_a flower_n even_o in_o our_o cold_a country_n this_o tree_n be_v now_o all_o the_o mode_n for_o the_o avenue_n to_o their_o country_n palace_n in_o france_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a superintendent_o plantation_n at_o vaux_n it_o be_v first_o bring_v from_o constantinople_n to_o vienna_n thence_o into_o italy_n and_o so_o france_n but_o to_o we_o from_o the_o levant_n more_o immediate_o and_o flourish_v so_o well_o and_o grow_v so_o goodly_a a_o tree_n in_o compent_a time_n that_o by_o this_o alone_a we_o may_v have_v ample_a encouragement_n to_o denizen_n other_o stranger_n among_o we_o 5._o the_o chess-nut_n be_v next_o the_o oak_n one_o of_o the_o most_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o carpenter_n and_o joyner_n it_o have_v former_o build_v a_o good_a part_n of_o our_o ancient_a house_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n as_o do_v yet_o appear_v i_o have_v once_o a_o very_a large_a barn_n near_o the_o city_n frame_v entire_o of_o this_o timber_n and_o certain_o they_o grow_v not_o far_o off_o probable_o in_o some_o wood_n near_o the_o town_n for_o in_o that_o description_n of_o london_n write_v by_o fitz-stephens_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 2._o he_o speak_v of_o a_o very_a noble_a and_o large_a forest_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o boreal_a part_n of_o it_o proxime_fw-la say_v he_o patet_fw-la foresta_fw-mi ingens_fw-la saltus_fw-la nemorosi_fw-la ferarum_fw-la latebrae_fw-la cervorum_fw-la damarum_fw-la aprorum_fw-la &_o taurorum_fw-la sylvestrium_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o very_a goodly_a thing_n it_o seem_v and_o as_o well_o store_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o good_a timber_n as_o with_o venison_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o chase_n the_o chess-nut_n afford_v the_o best_a stake_n and_o pole_n for_o palisades_n pedament_n for_o vine-prop_n and_o hop_n as_o i_o say_v before_o also_o for_o mill-timber_n and_o water-work_n or_o when_o it_o may_v lie_v bury_v but_o if_o water_n touch_v the_o root_n of_o the_o grow_a tree_n it_o spoil_v both_o fruit_n and_o timber_n it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v that_o this_o tree_n be_v so_o prevalent_a against_o cold_a that_o where_o they_o stand_v they_o defend_v other_o plantation_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o severe_a frost_n i_o be_o sure_a be_v plant_v in_o hedge-rowe_n &_o circa_fw-la agrorum_fw-la itinera_fw-la or_o for_o avenue_n to_o our_o country-house_n they_o be_v a_o magnificent_a and_o royal_a ornament_n this_o timber_n also_o do_v well_o for_o column_n table_n chest_n chair_n stool_n bedstead_n for_o tub_n and_o wine-cask_n which_o it_o preserve_v with_o the_o least_o tincture_n of_o the_o wood_n of_o any_o whatsoever_o if_o the_o timber_n be_v dip_v in_o scald_a oil_n and_o well_o pitch_a it_o become_v extreme_o durable_a beam_n make_v of_o chessnut_n tree_n have_v this_o property_n that_o be_v somewhat_o brittle_a they_o give_v warning_n and_o premonish_v the_o danger_n by_o a_o certain_a crackle_v which_o it_o make_v former_o they_o make_v consultatory_n staff_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o the_o variegated_a rod_n which_o jacob_n peel_a to_o lay_v in_o the_o trough_n and_o impress_v a_o fancy_n in_o his_o father-in-law_n conceive_v ewe_n be_v of_o this_o material_a the_o coal_n be_v excellent_a for_o the_o smith_n be_v soon_o kindle_v and_o as_o soon_o extinguish_v but_o the_o ash_n of_o chessnut-wood_n be_v not_o convenient_a for_o to_o make_v a_o lee_n with_o because_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o stain_v the_o linen_n as_o for_o the_o fruit_n it_o be_v better_a to_o beat_v it_o down_o from_o the_o tree_n some_o little_a time_n before_o they_o fall_v off_o themselves_o thus_o they_o will_v the_o better_o keep_v or_o else_o you_o must_v smoke-dry_a they_o but_o we_o give_v that_o fruit_n to_o our_o swine_n in_o england_n which_o be_v among_o the_o delicacy_n of_o prince_n in_o other_o country_n and_o be_v of_o the_o large_a nut_n be_v a_o lusty_a and_o masculine_a food_n for_o rustic_n at_o all_o time_n and_o of_o better_a nourishment_n for_o husbandman_n than_o cole_n and_o rusty_a bacon_n yea_o or_o bean_n to_o boot_n instead_o of_o which_o they_o boil_v they_o in_o italy_n with_o their_o bacon_n and_o in_o virgil_n time_n they_o eat_v they_o with_o milk_n and_o cheese_n the_o best_a table_n in_o france_n and_o italy_n make_v they_o a_o service_n eat_v they_o with_o salt_n in_o wine_n or_o juice_n of_o lemon_n and_o sugar_n be_v first_o roast_v in_o embers_o on_o the_o chaplet_n and_o doubtless_o we_o may_v propagate_v their_o use_n among_o our_o common_a people_n as_o of_o old_a the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o food_n so_o cheap_a and_o so_o last_a in_o italy_n they_o also_o boil_v they_o in_o wine_n and_o then_o smoke_v they_o a_o little_a these_o they_o call_v anseri_fw-la or_o goose_n i_o know_v not_o why_o those_o of_o piedmont_n add_v fennel_n cinnamon_n and_o nutmeg_n to_o their_o wine_n but_o first_o they_o peel_v they_o other_o macerate_v they_o in_o rose-water_n the_o bread_n of_o the_o flower_n be_v exceed_o nutritive_a it_o be_v a_o robu_v food_n and_o make_v woman_n well_o complexioned_a as_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o good_a author_n they_o also_o make_v fritter_n of_o chessnut_n flower_n which_o they_o wet_v with_o rosewater_n and_o sprinkle_v with_o grate_a parmegiano_n and_o so_o fry_v they_o in_o fresh_a butter_n a_o delicate_a how_o we_o here_o use_v they_o in_o stew'd-meat_n and_o beatille-pye_n our_o french_a cook_n teach_v we_o and_o this_o be_v in_o truth_n the_o very_o best_a use_n of_o their_o fruit_n and_o very_o commendable_a for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o eat_n of_o they_o raw_a or_o in_o bread_n as_o they_o do_v much_o about_o limosin_n be_v apt_a to_o swell_v the_o
to_o the_o very_a red-strake_a and_o before_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n but_o upon_o more_o mature_a consideration_n the_o very_a critic_n themselves_o now_o recant_v as_o be_v too_o effeminate_a and_o soft_a for_o a_o judicious_a palate_n the_o red-strake_a then_o among_o these_o accurate_a taster_n have_v obtain_v the_o absolute_a praeeminence_n of_o all_o other_o cider-fruit_n especial_o in_o hereford-shire_n 37._o as_o be_v the_o rich_a and_o most_o vinous_a liquor_n and_o now_o with_o the_o more_o earnestness_n commend_v to_o our_o practice_n for_o its_o celerity_n in_o become_v a_o orchard_n be_v ordinary_o as_o full_a of_o fruit_n at_o ten_o year_n growth_n as_o other_o tree_n be_v at_o twenty_o the_o pepin_n or_o pearmain_n at_o thirty_o and_o last_o from_o that_o no_o contemptible_a quality_n that_o though_o the_o smile_n of_o it_o entice_v even_o on_o the_o tree_n as_o be_v indeed_o better_o than_o most_o other_o table-fruit_n whilst_o hang_v yet_o it_o need_v no_o priapus_n for_o protector_n since_o as_o beautiful_a as_o it_o be_v it_o have_v no_o such_o temptation_n to_o the_o taste_n till_o it_o be_v either_o bake_v or_o convert_v into_o cider_n the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v also_o of_o the_o broms-bery-crab_n bareland-pear_n and_o many_o other_o wilding_n who_o be_v no_o less_o at_o their_o self-defence_n yet_o the_o gennet-moyle_n at_o due_a maturity_n have_v both_o a_o gentle_a and_o agreeable_a relish_n their_o unagreeableness_n to_o the_o palate_n as_o elsewhere_o note_v proceed_v only_o from_o the_o separation_n the_o juice_n make_v from_o the_o pulp_n which_o even_o child_n do_v remedy_n by_o contuse_v they_o on_o their_o sharpen_a elbow_n which_o if_o thorough_o weigh_v seem_v to_o dispute_v if_o not_o overthrow_v some_o hypothesis_n of_o fermentation_n in_o sum_n the_o red-strake_a will_n at_o three_o year_n graft_n give_v you_o fair_a hope_n and_o last_v almost_o a_o hundred_o year_n if_o from_o sundry_a man_n experience_n of_o more_o than_o 60_o year_n we_o may_v divine_v and_o that_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o soyl._n and_o the_o gennet-moyle_n hasten_v to_o a_o orchard_n for_o cider_n without_o trouble_n of_o art_n or_o graft_n but_o note_n cider_n that_o this_o tree_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o contract_v a_o bur-knot_n near_o its_o trunk_n where_o it_o begin_v to_o divide_v and_o be_v cut_v off_o under_o that_o boss_n common_o grow_v if_o so_o set_v and_o become_v speedy_o a_o tree_n except_o it_o encounter_v a_o extraordinary_a dry_a summer_n the_o first_o year_n to_o give_v it_o check_v and_o though_o the_o knack_n of_o graft_n be_v so_o obvious_a yet_o this_o more_o appear_a facility_n do_v so_o please_v the_o lazy_a clown_n that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o neither_o have_v nor_o desire_v any_o other_o orchard_n and_o how_o this_o humour_n prevail_v you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o hasty_a progress_n of_o our_o kentish_a codlin_n in_o most_o part_n of_o england_n but_o this_o hasty_a growth_n and_o maturity_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v by_o another_o instance_n confirm_v to_o we_o from_o that_o worthy_a gent._n mr._n blount_n of_o orleton_n who_o write_v i_o word_n that_o some_o of_o the_o reject_a spray_n or_o prune_n of_o the_o gennet-moyle_n take_v by_o chance_n to_o rice_n a_o plot_n of_o pease_n though_o stick_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o at_o april_n put_v forth_o root_n grow_v blossom_v and_o bear_v apple_n the_o same_o year_n but_o to_o advance_v again_o our_o red-strake_a even_o above_o the_o pepin_n and_o the_o rest_n beside_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o improvement_n and_o constant_a burden_n consider_v we_o the_o most_o incredible_a product_n since_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o each_o apple_n more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n so_o as_o in_o the_o same_o orchard_n under_o the_o same_o culture_n thirty_o red-strake_a tree_n shall_v at_o ten_o year_n graft_n yield_v more_o cider_n than_o a_o hundred_o of_o those_o pippin_n and_o surmount_v they_o in_o proportion_n during_o their_o period_n at_o least_o sixty_o or_o seventy_o year_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o cider_n of_o the_o golden-pepin_n shall_v excel_v which_o with_o some_o be_v precarious_a yet_o it_o be_v in_o no_o wise_a proper_a for_o a_o cider-orchard_n according_a to_o our_o general_a design_n not_o by_o half_a so_o soon_o bear_v nor_o so_o constant_o nor_o in_o that_o quantity_n nor_o fullness_n or_o security_n concern_v perry_n the_o horse-pear_n and_o bare-land-pear_n be_v repute_v of_o the_o best_a as_o bear_v almost_o their_o weight_n of_o spriteful_a and_o vinous_a liquor_n the_o experience_a prefer_v the_o tawny_a or_o ruddy_a sort_n 34._o as_o the_o colour_n of_o all_o other_o most_o proper_a for_o perry_n they_o will_v grow_v in_o common-field_n gravelly_a wild_a and_o stony_a ground_n to_o that_o largeness_n as_o one_o only_a tree_n have_v be_v usual_o know_v to_o make_v three_o or_o four_o hogshead_n that_o of_o bosbury_n and_o some_o other_o be_v so_o tart_a and_o harsh_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o safe_a from_o plunder_v when_o even_o a_o swine_n will_v not_o take_v they_o in_o his_o mouth_n but_o thus_o likewise_o will_v the_o abundance_n preserve_v these_o fruit_n as_o we_o see_v it_o do_v in_o normandy_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o place_n and_o order_n we_o do_v serious_o prefer_v a_o very_a wild_a orchard_n as_o main_o intend_v for_o the_o public_a utility_n and_o to_o our_o purpose_n of_o oblige_v the_o people_n as_o with_o a_o speedy_a plantation_n yield_v store_n for_o cider_n upon_o this_o it_o be_v that_o we_o do_v so_o frequent_o inculcate_v how_o well_o they_o thrive_v upon_o arable_a whilst_o the_o continue_v it_o so_o accelerate_v the_o growth_n in_o almost_o half_a the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o arable_a can_v be_v so_o level_v as_o common_o we_o see_v it_o for_o barly-land_n then_o without_o detriment_n it_o may_v assume_v the_o ornament_n of_o cyrus_n and_o flourish_v in_o the_o quincunx_fw-la if_o it_o be_v shallow_a land_n or_o must_v be_v raise_v with_o high_a ridge_n then_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v more_o regard_n of_o plant_v on_o the_o top_n of_o those_o eminency_n and_o to_o excuse_v the_o unavoidable_a breach_n of_o the_o decussis_fw-la as_o my_o lord_n verulam_n excuse_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o humane_a fancy_n in_o the_o constellation_n which_o obey_v the_o omnipotent_a order_n rather_o than_o we_o add_v to_o this_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n which_o approve_v more_o of_o plainness_n and_o usefulness_n than_o of_o niceness_n and_o curiosity_n while_o many_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o vast_a charge_n of_o level_v their_o ground_n oftentimes_o make_v they_o but_o the_o worse_o since_o where_o the_o place_n be_v full_a of_o ghastly_a inequality_n there_o may_v be_v plant_v some_o sort_n of_o cider-fruit_n which_o be_v apt_a by_o the_o great_a burden_n to_o be_v press_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o there_o while_o it_o hide_v irregularity_n to_o bear_v much_o better_a and_o abundant_o beyond_o belief_n for_o so_o have_v be_v see_v many_o such_o recumbent_a pear-tree_n bear_v each_o of_o they_o two_o three_o yea_o even_o to_o six_o or_o more_o hogshead_n yearly_a and_o for_o this_o cider_n while_o we_o prefer_v some_o sort_n of_o wilding_n which_o do_v not_o tempt_v the_o palate_n of_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o caution_n we_o shall_v not_o provoke_v any_o man_n to_o repent_v his_o charge_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o rich_a and_o more_o reserve_a enclosure_n though_o we_o have_v frequent_o see_v divers_a orchard_n successful_o plant_v on_o very_o poor_a arable_a and_o even_o in_o stony_a gleab_n gravel_n and_o clay_n and_o that_o pretty_a high_a on_o the_o side_n and_o declivity_n of_o hill_n where_o it_o only_o bear_v very_o short_a grass_n like_v to_o the_o most_o ordinary_a common_a not_o worth_a the_o charge_n of_o tillage_n and_o yet_o even_o there_o the_o tenant_n and_o confiner_n sometime_o enclose_v it_o for_o the_o fruit_n and_o find_v their_o reward_n though_o not_o equal_o to_o such_o orchard_n as_o be_v plant_v on_o better_a ground_n and_o in_o the_o valley_n hence_o we_o suggest_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n for_o it_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v there_o be_v a_o law_n which_o shall_v allow_v endeavour_n of_o this_o nature_n out_o of_o the_o common-field_n to_o enclose_v for_o these_o encouragement_n since_o both_o the_o public_a and_o the_o poor_a whatever_o the_o clamour_n be_v be_v advantage_v by_o such_o enclosure_n as_o tusser_n in_o his_o old_a rhime_n and_o all_o indifferent_a observer_n apprehend_v with_o good_a reason_n true_o indeed_o it_o be_v that_o all_o land_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o orchard_v so_o as_o even_o where_o to_o form_v just_a enclosure_n be_v either_o too_o shallow_a and_o dry_a or_o too_o wet_a and_o starve_a but_o this_o say_v the_o judicious_a m_n r_o buckland_n we_o may_v aver_v that_o there_o be_v few_o parish_n or_o hamlet_n in_o
will_v have_v none_o transplant_v less_o than_o five_o finger_n in_o diametre_fw-la but_o i_o have_v show_v why_o we_o be_v not_o to_o attend_v so_o long_o for_o such_o as_o we_o raise_v of_o seedling_n in_o the_o interim_n if_o these_o direction_n appear_v too_o busy_a or_o operose_fw-la or_o that_o the_o plantation_n you_o intend_v be_v very_o ample_a a_o more_o compendious_a method_n will_v be_v the_o confuse_a sow_v of_o acorn_n etc._n etc._n in_o furrow_n two_o foot_n asunder_o cover_v at_o three_o finger_n depth_n and_o so_o for_o three_o year_n cleanse_v and_o the_o first_o winter_n cover_v with_o fearn_v without_o any_o far_a culture_n unless_o you_o transplant_v they_o but_o as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o nursery_n they_o will_v be_v cut_v a_o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o let_v stand_v till_o march_v the_o second_o year_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o disbranch_v they_o to_o one_o only_a shoot_n whether_o you_o suffer_v they_o to_o stand_v or_o remove_v they_o elsewhere_o but_o to_o make_v a_o essay_n what_o seed_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o soil_n you_o may_v by_o the_o thrive_a of_o a_o promiscuous_a semination_n make_v a_o judgement_n of_o what_o each_o soil_n bear_v and_o what_o it_o do_v refuse_v quid_fw-la quaque_fw-la ferat_fw-la regio_fw-la &_o quid_fw-la quaque_fw-la recuset_fw-la transplant_n those_o which_o you_o find_v least_o agree_n with_o the_o place_n or_o else_o by_o copse_v the_o staruling_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v new_o sow_v cause_v they_o sometime_o to_o overtake_v even_o their_o untouched_a contemporary_n 7._o but_o here_o some_o may_v inquire_v what_o distance_n i_o will_v general_o assign_v to_o transplant_v tree_n to_o this_o somewhat_o be_v say_v in_o the_o ensue_a period_n and_o as_o occasion_n offer_v though_o the_o promiscuous_a rise_n of_o they_o in_o forest-work_a wild_a and_o natural_a be_v to_o we_o i_o acknowledge_v more_o please_a than_o all_o the_o study_a accuracy_n in_o range_v of_o they_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o they_o conduct_v and_o lead_v we_o to_o avenue_n and_o be_v plant_v for_o vistas_n as_o the_o italian_n term_n be_v in_o which_o case_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o breadth_n and_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n etc._n etc._n shall_v govern_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n with_o this_o only_a note_n that_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v rather_o apt_a to_o spread_v than_o mount_v as_o the_o oak_n beech_n wall-nutt_n etc._n etc._n be_v dispose_v at_o wide_a interval_n than_o the_o other_o and_o such_o as_o grow_v best_a in_o consort_n as_o the_o elm_n ash_n limetree_n sycomore_n fir_n pine_n etc._n etc._n regard_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o this_o work_n v.g._n if_o tree_n that_o affect_v cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n be_v plant_v in_o hot_a and_o dry_a place_n than_o set_v they_o at_o close_a order_n but_o tree_n which_o love_v scorch_a and_o dry_a ground_n at_o far_a distance_n the_o like_a rule_n may_v also_o guide_v in_o situation_n expose_v to_o impetuous_a wind_n and_o other_o accident_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o general_a rule_n in_o this_o piece_n of_o tacty_n 8._o to_o leave_v nothing_o omit_v which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o stability_n of_o our_o transplant_v tree_n something_o be_v to_o be_v premise_v concern_v their_o stake_n and_o secure_v from_o external_a injury_n especial_o from_o wind_n and_o cattle_n against_o both_o which_o such_o as_o be_v plant_v in_o copse_n and_o for_o ample_a wood_n be_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o mound_n and_o their_o close_a order_n especial_o if_o they_o rise_v of_o seed_n but_o where_o they_o be_v expose_v in_o single_a row_n as_o in_o walk_n and_o avenue_n the_o most_o effectual_a course_n be_v to_o empale_v they_o with_o three_o good_a quarter_n stake_v of_o competent_a length_n set_v in_o triangle_n and_o make_v fast_o to_o one_o another_o by_o short_a piece_n above_o and_o beneath_o in_o which_o a_o few_o bramble_n be_v stick_v secure_v it_o abundant_o without_o that_o choke_n or_o fret_v to_o which_o tree_n be_v obnoxious_a that_o be_v only_o single_a stake_v and_o bush_v as_o the_o vulgar_a manner_n be_v nor_o be_v the_o charge_n of_o this_o so_o considerable_a as_o the_o great_a advantage_n account_v for_o the_o frequent_a reparation_n which_o the_o other_o will_v require_v where_o cattle_n do_v not_o come_v i_o find_v a_o good_a piece_n of_o rope_n tie_v fast_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o tree_n upon_o a_o wisp_n of_o straw_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o gal_v and_o the_o other_o end_n tight_o strain_v to_o a_o hook_n or_o peg_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o the_o shroud_n in_o ship_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o mast_n sufficient_o stablish_v my_o tree_n against_o the_o western_a blast_n without_o more_o trouble_n for_o the_o wind_n of_o other_o quarter_n seldom_o infest_v we_o but_o these_o cord_n have_v need_n be_v well_o pitch_v to_o preserve_v they_o from_o wet_a and_o so_o they_o will_v last_v many_o year_n i_o can_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n conceal_v what_o a_o noble_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o in_o his_o goodly_a plantation_n of_o tree_n in_o scotland_n where_o they_o be_v continual_o expose_v to_o much_o great_a and_o more_o impetuous_a wind_n than_o we_o be_v usual_o acquaint_v with_o he_o never_o stake_v any_o of_o his_o tree_n but_o upon_o all_o disaster_n of_o this_o kind_n cause_v only_o his_o servant_n to_o redress_v and_o set_v they_o up_o again_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v overthrow_v which_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o thrive_v better_a with_o they_o than_o with_o those_o which_o he_o have_v stake_v and_o that_o at_o last_o they_o strike_v root_n so_o fast_o as_o nothing_o but_o the_o axe_n be_v able_a to_o prostrate_v they_o and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n whilst_o these_o concussion_n of_o the_o root_n loosen_v the_o mould_n not_o only_o make_v room_n for_o their_o more_o easy_a insinuation_n but_o likewise_o open_v and_o prepare_v it_o to_o receive_v and_o impart_v the_o better_a nourishment_n it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n i_o suggest_v that_o transplant_v pine_n and_o sir_n for_o want_v of_o their_o penetrate_a tap_n root_n be_v hardly_o consistent_a against_o these_o gust_n after_o they_o be_v grow_v high_a especial_o where_o they_o be_v set_v close_o and_o in_o tuft_n which_o betray_v they_o to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n and_o therefore_o such_o tree_n do_v best_a in_o walk_n and_o at_o competent_a distance_n where_o they_o escape_v tolerable_o well_o such_o therefore_o as_o we_o design_v for_o wood_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v sow_v and_o never_o remove_v but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o i_o now_o proceed_v to_o particular_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o oak_n oak_n 1._o robur_n the_o oak_n i_o have_v sometime_o consider_v it_o very_o serious_o what_o shall_v move_v pliny_n to_o make_v a_o whole_a chapter_n of_o one_o only_a line_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o argument_n alone_o of_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o huge_a volumn_n but_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o matter_n do_v worthy_o excuse_v he_o who_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o spare_v his_o word_n or_o his_o reader_n glandiferi_fw-la maximè_fw-la generis_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la honos_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la perpetuus_fw-la mast-bearing-tree_n be_v principal_o those_o which_o the_o roman_n hold_v in_o chief_a repute_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 3._o and_o in_o the_o follow_v where_o he_o treat_v of_o chaplet_n and_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o civic_a coronet_n it_o may_v be_v compose_v of_o the_o leave_n or_o branch_n of_o any_o oak_n provide_v it_o be_v a_o bear_a tree_n and_o have_v acorn_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v for_o the_o esteem_n which_o these_o wise_a and_o glorious_a people_n have_v of_o this_o tree_n above_o all_o other_o that_o i_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o oak_n 2._o the_o oak_n be_v of_o four_o kind_n two_o of_o which_o be_v most_o common_a with_o we_o for_o we_o shall_v say_v little_a of_o the_o cerris_n goodly_a to_o look_v on_o but_o for_o little_a else_o the_o quercus_fw-la urbana_fw-la which_o grow_v more_o upright_a and_o be_v clean_o and_o light_a be_v fit_a for_o timber_n and_o the_o robur_n or_o quercus_fw-la sylvestris_n take_v robur_n for_o the_o general_a name_n at_o least_o as_o contradistinct_a from_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o a_o hard_a black_a grain_n bear_v a_o small_a acorn_n and_o affect_v to_o spread_v in_o branch_n and_o to_o put_v forth_o his_o root_n more_o above_o ground_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o plant_n to_o be_v allow_v a_o great_a distance_n viz._n from_o twenty_o five_o to_o forty_o foot_n nay_o sometime_o as_o many_o yard_n whereas_o the_o other_o shoot_v up_o more_o erect_v will_v be_v content_v with_o fifteen_o this_o kind_n be_v far_a to_o be_v
cudgel_n coal_n and_o spring_n to_o catch_v bird_n and_o it_o make_v one_o of_o the_o best_a coal_n once_o use_v for_o gunpowder_n be_v very_o fine_a and_o light_n till_o they_o find_v alder_a to_o be_v more_o fit_a there_o be_v no_o wood_n which_o purify_v wine_n soon_o than_o the_o chip_n of_o hasel_n also_o for_o vvith_n and_o band_n upon_o which_o i_o remember_v pliny_n think_v it_o a_o pretty_a speculation_n that_o a_o wood_n shall_v be_v strong_a to_o bind_v withal_o be_v bruise_v and_o divide_v then_o when_o whole_a and_o entire_a last_o for_o ride_v switch_n and_o divinatory_a rod_n for_o the_o detect_n and_o find_v out_o of_o mineral_n at_o least_o if_o that_o tradition_n be_v no_o imposture_n but_o the_o most_o signal_n honour_v it_o be_v ever_o employ_v in_o and_o which_o may_v deserve_o exalt_v this_o humble_a and_o common_a plant_n above_o all_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v that_o of_o hurdle_n not_o for_o that_o it_o be_v general_o use_v for_o the_o fold_v of_o our_o innocent_a sheep_n a_o emblem_n of_o the_o church_n but_o for_o make_v the_o walk_n of_o one_o of_o the_o first_o christian_n oratory_n in_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o island_n that_o venerable_a and_o sacred_a fabric_n at_o glastenbury_n found_v by_o s._n joseph_n of_o arimathea_n which_o be_v story_v to_o have_v be_v first_o compose_v but_o of_o a_o few_o small_a hasel-rod_n interweave_v about_o certain_a stake_n drive_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o wall_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o stead_n of_o lath_n and_o punchion_n superinduce_v with_o a_o course_n mortar_n make_v of_o loam_n and_o straw_n do_v to_o this_o day_n enclose_v divers_a humble_a cottage_n sheads_n and_o outhouse_n in_o the_o country_n and_o it_o be_v strong_a and_o last_a for_o such_o purpose_n whole_a or_o cleave_v and_o i_o have_v see_v ample_a enclosure_n of_o court_n and_o garden_n so_o secure_v 6._o there_o be_v a_o compendious_a expedient_a for_o the_o thicken_a of_o copse_n which_o be_v too_o transparent_a by_o lay_v of_o a_o sampler_n or_o pole_n of_o a_o hazel_n ash_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o head_n a_o little_a lop_v into_o the_o ground_n giving_z it_o a_o chap_v near_o the_o foot_n to_o make_v it_o succumb_v this_o fasten_v to_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o hook_n or_o two_o and_o cover_v with_o some_o fresh_a mould_n at_o a_o competent_a depth_n as_o gardener_n lay_v their_o carnation_n will_v produce_v a_o world_n of_o sucker_n thicken_v and_o furnish_v a_o copse_n speedy_o but_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o waterside_n let_v we_o next_o consider_v the_o aquatic_a chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o poplar_n aspen_n and_o abele_n poplar_n 1._o populus_fw-la i_o begin_v this_o second_o class_n according_a to_o our_o former_a distribution_n with_o the_o poplar_n of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a kind_n white_a black_a etc._n etc._n which_o in_o candy_n it_o be_v report_v bear_v seed_n beside_o the_o aspen_n the_o white_a be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a with_o we_o to_o be_v raise_v in_o abundance_n by_o every_o set_a or_o slip_v fence_v the_o ground_n as_o far_o as_o any_o old_a poplar_n root_v extend_v they_o will_v furnish_v you_o with_o sucker_n innumerable_a to_o be_v slip_v from_o their_o mother_n and_o transplant_v the_o very_a first_o year_n you_o shall_v need_v no_o other_o nursery_n when_o they_o be_v young_a their_o leaf_n be_v somewhat_o broad_a and_o round_a than_o when_o they_o grow_v age_v in_o moist_a and_o boggy_a place_n they_o will_v flourish_v wonderful_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o spew_v but_o especial_o near_o the_o margin_n and_o bank_n of_o river_n populus_fw-la in_o fluviis_fw-la and_o in_o low_a sweet_a and_o fertile_a ground_n also_o truncheon_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n long_o thrust_v two_o foot_n into_o the_o earth_n a_o hole_n be_v make_v with_o a_o sharp_a hard_a stake_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o then_o with_o fine_a earth_n press_v in_o and_o close_a about_o they_o when_o once_o root_v may_v be_v cut_v at_o six_o inch_n above_o ground_n and_o thus_o place_v at_o a_o yard_n distant_a they_o will_v immediate_o furnish_v a_o kind_n of_o copse_n but_o in_o case_n you_o plant_v they_o of_o root_a tree_n or_o small_a set_n fix_v they_o not_o so_o deep_a for_o though_o we_o bury_v the_o truncheon_n thus_o profound_a yet_o be_v the_o root_n which_o they_o strike_v common_o but_o shallow_a they_o will_v make_v prodigious_a shoot_v in_o 15_o or_o 16_o year_n but_o then_o the_o head_n must_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v diminish_v but_o the_o low_a branch_n may_v yet_o not_o too_o far_o up_o the_o foot_n will_v also_o be_v cleanse_v every_o second_o year_n this_o for_o the_o white_a the_o black_a poplar_n be_v frequent_o pollare_v when_o as_o big_a as_o one_o arm_n eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n as_o they_o trim_v they_o in_o italy_n for_o their_o vine_n to_o serpent_n on_o and_o those_o they_o poll_v or_o head_n every_o second_o year_n spare_v the_o middle_n straight_a and_o thrivinge_a shoot_n and_o at_o the_o three_o year_n cut_v he_o also_o 2._o the_o shade_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v esteem_v very_o wholesome_a in_o summer_n and_o the_o leave_v good_a for_o cattle_n which_o must_v be_v strip_v from_o the_o cut_a bough_n before_o they_o be_v faggot_v this_o to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o decrease_n of_o october_n and_o reserve_v in_o bundle_n for_o the_o winter_n fodder_n the_o wood_n of_o white_a poplar_n be_v seek_v of_o the_o sculptor_n and_o they_o see_v both_o sort_n into_o board_n which_o where_o they_o lie_v dry_a continue_v a_o long_a time_n of_o this_o material_a they_o also_o make_v shield_n of_o defence_n in_o sword_n and_o buckler_n day_n dioscorides_n write_v that_o the_o bark_n chop_v small_a and_o sow_v in_o rill_n well_o and_o rich_o manure_v and_o water_v will_v produce_v a_o plentiful_a crop_n of_o mushrum_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o fungi_fw-la which_o spring_n from_o the_o putrid_a stump_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v not_o venomous_a as_o of_o all_o or_o most_o other_o tree_n they_o be_v be_v gather_v after_o the_o first_o autumnal_a rain_n 3._o they_o have_v a_o poplar_n in_o virginia_n of_o a_o very_a peculiar_a shape_a leaf_n as_o if_o the_o point_n of_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o grow_v very_o well_o with_o the_o curious_a among_o we_o to_o a_o considerable_a stature_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v first_o bring_v over_o by_o john_n tradescant_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tulip-tree_n but_o be_v not_o that_o i_o find_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o any_o of_o our_o herbal_n i_o wish_v we_o have_v more_o of_o they_o 4._o the_o aspen_n only_o which_o be_v that_o kind_n of_o libica_n or_o white_a poplar_n aspen_n bear_v a_o small_a and_o more_o tremulous_a leaf_n thrust_v down_o a_o more_o search_a foot_n and_o in_o this_o likewise_o differ_v that_o he_o take_v it_o ill_o to_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o pliny_n will_v have_v short_a truncheon_n couch_v two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n but_o first_o two_o day_n dry_v at_o one_o foot_n and_o half_a distance_n and_o then_o mould_v over_o 5._o there_o be_v something_o a_o fine_a sort_n of_o white_a poplar_n abele_n which_o the_o dutch_a call_v abele_n and_o we_o have_v much_o transport_v out_o of_o holland_n these_o be_v also_o best_o propagate_v of_o slip_n from_o the_o root_n the_o least_o of_o which_o will_v take_v and_o may_v in_o march_n at_o three_o or_o four_o year_n growth_n be_v transplant_v 6._o in_o flanders_n not_o in_o france_n as_o a_o late_a author_n pretend_v they_o have_v large_a nursery_n of_o they_o which_o first_o they_o plant_v at_o one_o foot_n distance_n the_o mould_n light_n and_o moist_a by_o no_o mean_n clayie_a in_o which_o though_o they_o may_v shoot_v up_o tall_a yet_o for_o want_v of_o root_n they_o never_o spread_v for_o as_o i_o say_v they_o must_v be_v inter_v pretty_a deep_a not_o above_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n and_o keep_v clean_o by_o prune_v they_o to_o the_o middle_a shoot_n for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n and_o so_o till_o the_o three_o or_o four_o when_o you_o transplant_v place_v they_o at_o eight_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n interval_n they_o will_v likewise_o grow_v of_o layer_n and_o even_o of_o cut_n in_o very_o moist_a place_n in_o three_o year_n they_o will_v come_v to_o a_o incredible_a altitude_n in_o twelve_o be_v as_o big_a as_o your_o middle_n and_o in_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o arrive_v to_o full_a perfection_n a_o specimen_fw-la of_o this_o advance_v we_o have_v have_v of_o a_o abele_n tree_n at_o zion_n which_o be_v lop_v in_o febr._n 1651_o do_v by_o the_o end_n of_o october_n 52_o produce_v branch_n as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o 17_o foot_n in_o length_n
the_o best_a pasture_n be_v the_o worst_a for_o wood_n and_o such_o good_a timber_n as_o we_o find_v in_o any_o of_o these_o oakâ—_n except_v be_v of_o a_o excessive_a age_n require_v thrice_o the_o time_n to_o arrive_v at_o their_o stature_n 16._o if_o the_o season_n require_v it_o all_o new_a plantation_n be_v to_o be_v ply_v with_o watering_n which_o be_v better_o pour_v into_o a_o circle_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o root_n which_o shall_v continual_o be_v bare_v of_o grass_n and_o if_o the_o water_n be_v rich_a or_o impregnate_v the_o shoot_n will_v soon_o discover_v it_o for_o the_o liquor_n be_v percolate_v through_o a_o quantity_n of_o earth_n will_v carry_v the_o nitrous_a virtue_n of_o the_o soil_n with_o it_o by_o no_o mean_n therefore_o water_n at_o the_o stem_n because_o it_o wash_v the_o mould_n from_o the_o root_n come_v too_o crude_a and_o endanger_v their_o rot_v but_o 17._o for_o the_o cool_n and_o refresh_v treeroot_n the_o conge_v of_o potsherd_n flint_n or_o pebble_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v preferable_a to_o all_o other_o and_o so_o the_o poet_n lime-stone_n or_o squalid_a shell_n that_o may_v the_o rain_n vapour_n and_o glide_a moisture_n entertain_v aut_fw-la lapidem_fw-la bibulum_fw-la aut_fw-la squallenteis_fw-la infode_fw-la conchas_fw-la inter_fw-la enim_fw-la labentur_fw-la aquae_fw-la tenuÃsque_fw-la subibit_fw-la halitus_fw-la georg._n 2._o but_o remember_v you_o remove_v they_o after_o a_o competent_a time_n else_o the_o vermin_n snail_n and_o infect_v which_o they_o produce_v and_o shelter_v will_v gnaw_v and_o great_o injure_v their_o bark_n 18._o young_a plant_n will_v be_v strangle_v with_o corn_n oates_n pease_n or_o hemp_n or_o any_o rank_o grow_a grain_n if_o a_o competent_a circle_n and_o distance_n be_v not_o leave_v as_o of_o near_a a_o yard_n or_o so_o of_o the_o stem_n this_o be_v a_o useful_a remark_n 19_o cut_a no_o tree_n especial_o have_v a_o eminent_a pith_n in_o they_o be_v young_a and_o tender_a too_o when_o either_o heat_n or_o cold_a be_v in_o extreme_n nor_o in_o very_o wet_a or_o snowy_a weather_n and_o in_o this_o work_n it_o be_v profitable_a to_o discharge_v all_o tree_n of_o unthrive_a break_a wind-shaken_a browse_n and_o such_o as_o our_o law_n term_v cablicia_n and_o to_o take_v they_o off_o to_o the_o quick_a ne_fw-la pars_fw-la sincera_fw-la trahatur_fw-la and_o for_o ever-greens_a especial_o such_o as_o be_v tender_a prune_v they_o not_o after_o plant_v till_o they_o do_v radicare_fw-la that_o be_v by_o some_o little_a fresh_a shoot_n discover_v that_o they_o have_v take_v i_o will_v conclude_v with_o the_o tecnical_a name_n or_o dissimile_a part_n of_o tree_n as_o i_o find_v they_o enumerate_v by_o the_o industrious_a and_o learned_a dr._n merett_n scapus_fw-la truncus_fw-la cortex_fw-la libre_fw-la malicorium_fw-la matrix_fw-la medulla_n &_o cor_n pecten_n circuli_fw-la surculi_fw-la rami_n sarmenta_fw-la ramusculi_fw-la spadix_fw-la vimen_fw-la virgultum_fw-la &_o cremium_fw-la vitilia_n talea_n scobs_n term_n turiones_n frondes_fw-la cachryas_n &_o nucamentum_fw-la julus_n &_o catulus_n comae_fw-la the_o species_n frutex_fw-la suffrutex_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v put_v into_o good_a and_o proper_a english_a by_o those_o who_o shall_v once_o oblige_v our_o nation_n with_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_o complete_a dictionary_n as_o yet_o a_o great_a desiderate_a among_o we_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o the_o flourish_a of_o tree_n compute_v from_o the_o entry_n of_o each_o month_n as_o the_o figure_n denote_v that_o be_v from_o march_z where_o the_o doctor_n beging_n inclusive_o march_v acer_fw-la 3_o i_o from_o march_n to_o may_n viz._n one_o month_n &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la coeteris_fw-la populus_fw-la 2._o quercus_fw-la 5._o sorbus_fw-la 2._o vlmus_fw-la 2._o april_n alnus_fw-la 2._o betula_n 2._o castanea_n 4._o euonymus_fw-la 2._o fagus_n 2._o fraxinus_n 2._o nux-juglans_a 3._o salix_fw-la 2._o sambucus_fw-la 2._o may_v cornus_n 2._o genista_fw-la 4._o juniperus_n morus_n 2._o tilia_fw-la 4._o june_n aquifolium_fw-la 2._o july_n arbutus_n 2._o feb._n buxus_n 2._o many_o more_o useful_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v and_o add_v to_o these_o from_o the_o diligent_a experience_n of_o planter_n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o improvement_n of_o wood_n etc._n etc._n 1._o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o that_o the_o very_o first_o law_n we_o find_v which_o be_v ever_o promulge_v be_v concern_v tree_n and_o that_o law_n themselves_o be_v first_o write_v upon_o they_o or_o table_n compose_v of_o they_o and_o after_o that_o establishment_n in_o paradise_n the_o next_o we_o meet_v withal_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o moses_n you_o may_v find_v the_o statute_n at_o large_a in_o deut._n c._n 20._o v._n 19_o 20._o which_o though_o they_o chief_o tend_v to_o fruit-tree_n even_o in_o a_o enemy_n country_n yet_o you_o will_v find_v a_o case_n of_o necessity_n only_o allege_v for_o the_o permission_n to_o destroy_v any_o other_o 2._o to_z sum_z up_o brief_o the_o law_n and_o civil_a constitution_n of_o great_a antiquity_n by_o which_o servius_n inform_v we_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o capital_a alienas_fw-la arbores_fw-la incidere_fw-la the_o lex_fw-la aquilia_n and_o those_o of_o the_o twelve_o tabb_n mention_v by_o paulus_n cajus_n julianus_n and_o other_o of_o that_o robe_n repeat_v divers_a more_o it_o be_v by_o those_o sacred_a constitution_n provide_v that_o none_o may_v so_o much_o as_o plant_v tree_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n but_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v a_o space_n of_o at_o the_o least_o five_o foot_n for_o the_o small_a tree_n that_o they_o may_v not_o injure_v he_o with_o their_o shadow_n si_fw-mi arbour_n in_o vicini_n agrum_fw-la impenderit_fw-la eam_fw-la sublucato_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o for_o all_o this_o any_o hang_v over_o far_o it_o be_v to_o be_v stripe_v up_o fifteen_o foot_n and_o this_o law_n baldwinus_n olderdorpius_n and_o hotoman_a recite_v out_o of_o ulpian_n l._n 1._o f._n de_fw-fr arb._n caedend_n where_o we_o have_v the_o praetor_n interdict_v express_v and_o the_o impendent_a wood_n adjudge_v to_o appertain_v to_o he_o who_o field_n or_o fence_n be_v thereby_o damnify_v nay_o the_o wise_a solon_n prescribe_v ordinance_n for_o the_o very_a distance_n of_o tree_n as_o the_o divine_a plato_n do_v against_o steal_v of_o fruit_n and_o violate_v of_o plantation_n and_o the_o interdiction_n de_fw-fr glande_n legenda_fw-la run_v thus_o in_o ulpian_n ait_fw-fr praetor_n glandem_fw-la qvae_fw-la exit_fw-la illius_n agro_n in_o twm_fw-la cadit_fw-la qvo_fw-la minus_n illi_fw-la tertio_fw-la qvoqve_fw-la die_fw-la legere_fw-la auferre_fw-la liceat_fw-la vim_fw-la fieri_fw-la veto_n and_o yet_o though_o by_o the_o praetor_n permission_n he_o may_v come_v every_o three_o day_n to_o gather_v it_o up_o without_o trespass_n his_o neighbour_n be_v to_o share_v of_o the_o mast_n which_o so_o fall_v into_o his_o ground_n and_o this_o chapter_n be_v well_o supply_v by_o pliny_n l._n 16._o c._n 5._o and_o cajus_n upon_o the_o place_n interpret_v glandem_fw-la to_o signify_v not_o the_o acorn_n of_o the_o oak_n alone_o but_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n whatsoever_o l._n 136._o f._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n l._n vnis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr glande_n leg_n as_o by_o usage_n of_o the_o greek_n among_o who_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d import_v all_o kind_n of_o tree_n moreover_o no_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v near_o public_a aqueducts_a lest_o the_o root_n shall_v insinuate_v into_o and_o displace_v the_o stone_n nor_o on_o the_o very_a margin_n of_o navigable_a river_n lest_o the_o boat_n and_o other_o vessel_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o shall_v be_v hinder_v and_o therefore_o such_o impediment_n be_v call_v retae_fw-la quia_fw-la nave_n retinent_fw-la say_v the_o gloss_n and_o because_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o leave_v corrupt_v the_o water_n so_o nor_o within_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o high_a way_n which_o also_o our_o own_o law_n prohibit_v that_o they_o may_v dry_v the_o better_a and_o less_o cumber_v the_o traveller_n tree_n that_o obstruct_v the_o foundation_n of_o house_n be_v to_o be_v fell_v bartol_n l._n 1._o doct_n c._n de_fw-fr interdict_v vlp._n in_o l._n priore_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr arborum_fw-la caedend_n tree_n spread_v their_o root_n in_o neighbour-ground_n to_o be_v in_o common_a see_v cujas_n and_o paulus_n in_o l._n arb._n ff_o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dividend_n where_o more_o of_o the_o alienation_n of_o tree_n fell_v and_o not_o stand_v but_o with_o the_o fund_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vse-fruit_n of_o tree_n and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o arbores_n grandes_fw-fr and_o cremiale_n or_o ceduae_fw-la of_o all_o which_o ulpian_n baâ—dus_n alciat_fw-la with_o the_o law_n to_o govern_v the_o conlucatores_fw-la and_o sublucatores_fw-la and_o pruner_n vide_fw-la pan._n s_o c._n sent._n l._n 5._o festus_n etc._n etc._n for_o we_o pass_v over_o
excellent_a musky_a pear_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o best_a orchard_n of_o france_n from_o a_o forest_n in_o bretainy_a where_o it_o grow_v wild_a and_o be_v but_o of_o late_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o now_o to_o the_o deep_a reason_n we_o late_o threaten_v we_o have_v by_o a_o experiment_n find_v some_o near_a affinity_n between_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o the_o heart_n or_o interior_a of_o the_o stock_n for_o i_o see_v say_v dr._n beale_n a_o old_a rot_a kernel-tree_n bear_v a_o delicate_a summer-fruit_n yield_v store_n of_o smooth_a cider_n it_o be_v call_v the_o french-kernel-tree_n and_o be_v also_o a_o dwarf_n as_o be_v the_o red-strake_a and_o examine_v divers_a kernel_n many_o year_n successive_o of_o that_o hollow_a and_o decay_a tree_n i_o find_v they_o always_o very_o small_a of_o growth_n and_o empty_a mere_a skin_n of_o kernel_n not_o unlike_a to_o the_o emasculate_v scrotum_fw-la of_o a_o eunuch_n another_o young_a tree_n issue_v from_o the_o sound_a part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o the_o same_o old_a tree_n have_v full_a and_o entire_a kernel_n and_o from_o some_o such_o observation_n may_v the_o production_n of_o berbery_n etc._n etc._n without_o stone_n be_v happy_o attempt_v a_o instrument_n fit_v to_o take_v out_o the_o marrow_n or_o pith_n of_o the_o branch_n as_o the_o same_o d_o r_o beale_n perform_v it_o for_o from_o the_o numerical_a bush_n of_o that_o fruit_n he_o find_v some_o branch_n produce_v berbery_n that_o have_v no_o stone_n other_o which_o have_v and_o in_o search_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n perceive_v that_o the_o pith_n or_o heart_n be_v take_v from_o the_o radicat_fw-la or_o main_a branch_n as_o the_o other_o be_v full_a of_o pith_n and_o consequent_o the_o fruit_n in_o perfection_n of_o all_o which_o he_o write_v i_o word_n he_o make_v several_a trial_n on_o other_o fruit_n but_o leave_v the_o place_n before_o he_o can_v see_v the_o event_n but_o he_o add_v these_o many_o year_n almost_o twenty_o i_o have_v yearly_o try_v kernel_n in_o bed_n of_o clean_a earth_n pot_n and_o pan_n and_o by_o the_o very_a leaf_n as_o they_o appear_v in_o first_o spring_v for_o one_o month_n i_o can_v discern_v how_o far_o my_o essay_n have_v civilise_v they_o the_o wild_a have_v short_a stiff_a brown_a or_o fox-coloured_a leaf_n the_o more_o ingenuous_a have_v more_o tender_a more_o spread_a leaf_n and_o approach_v the_o light_a verdure_n of_o the_o berbery_n leaf_n when_o it_o first_o appear_v he_o add_v some_o apple_n be_v call_v rose-apple_n rosemary-apple_n gillyflower-apple_n orange-apple_n with_o several_a other_o adjunct_n denominate_v they_o from_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o but_o if_o we_o intend_v to_o try_v such_o infusion_n upon_o the_o kernel_n as_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o alter_v their_o kind_n we_o shall_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o bedabble_a they_o with_o such_o infusion_n for_o over_o moisture_n will_v rather_o enervate_v than_o strengthen_v they_o but_o rather_o prepare_v the_o earth_n the_o year_n before_o with_o such_o insuccation_n and_o then_o hinder_v it_o from_o produce_v any_o weed_n till_o ready_a for_o the_o kernel_n and_o then_o in_o dewy_a time_n and_o more_o frequent_o when_o our_o climate_n be_v surcharge_v with_o rain_n cover_v the_o bed_n and_o pot_n with_o the_o small_a leaf_n of_o rosemary_n gillyflower_n or_o other_o odoriferous_a blossom_n and_o repeat_v it_o often_o to_o the_o end_n the_o dew_n may_v meteorize_v and_o emit_v their_o fine_a spirit_n etc._n etc._n or_o if_o any_o shall_v please_v to_o be_v so-liberal_a of_o their_o salt_n and_o calcination_n of_o peculiar_a virtue_n though_o possible_o the_o essay_n may_v endanger_v their_o seed_n yet_o the_o mixture_n of_o such_o salt_n fine_o reduce_v and_o strew_v discreet_o on_o their_o bed_n may_v be_v a_o more_o probable_a mean_n than_o those_o liquid_a infusion_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v so_o confident_o boast_v for_o thus_o also_o we_o be_v in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o provide_v of_o more_o vigorous_a ingredient_n for_o trial_n than_o be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n final_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o wilding_n of_o several_a part_n it_o may_v manifest_o appear_v how_o much_o more_o congeneal_a some_o soil_n be_v than_o other_o to_o yield_v the_o best_a cider-fruit_n from_o the_o kernel_n and_o the_o hazzle_v ground_n or_o quick_a mould_n much_o better_a than_o the_o more_o obstinate_a clay_n or_o rank_a earth_n in_o hot_a gravelly-ground_n where_o almost_o no_o sort_n of_o fruit_n will_v grow_v pear_n will_v thrive_v and_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o of_o one_o that_o cleave_v a_o rock_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o a_o little_a good_a earth_n plant_v a_o pear-tree_n therein_o which_o prosper_v exceed_o i_o add_v this_o that_o none_o may_v go_v hence_o without_o encouragement_n chap._n ii_o of_o stock_n the_o former_a thus_o establish_v after_o all_o humour_n and_o variety_n have_v be_v sufficient_o weary_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o wilding_n to_o be_v the_o hardy_a and_o most_o proper_a stock_n for_o the_o most_o delicate_a fruit_n this_o confirm_v by_o varro_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 40._o in_o quamcunque_fw-la arborem_fw-la inseras_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v with_o reason_n however_o they_o do_v in_o hereford-shire_n both_o in_o practice_n and_o opinion_n limit_v this_o rule_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o gust_n of_o any_o delicate_a apple_n as_o of_o the_o pear-main_a quince-apple_n stockin_n etc._n etc._n rather_o graft_v upon_o a_o gennet-moyle_n or_o cydoddin-stock_n as_o there_o call_v than_o a_o crab-stock_n but_o then_o indeed_o they_o conclude_v the_o tree_n last_v not_o so_o long_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o apple_n be_v better_o taste_v from_o a_o clean_a light_a land_n etc._n etc._n than_o from_o stiff_a clay_n or_o the_o more_o pinguid_a and_o luxurious_a soil_n whence_o we_o may_v expect_v some_o assistance_n from_o the_o civility_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o prepare_a soil_n or_o foundation_n to_o the_o graff_n even_o as_o our_o very_a transplantation_n into_o better_a ground_n be_v likewise_o a_o kind_n of_o graft_n thus_o in_o like_a manner_n our_o master_n varro_n loco_fw-la citato_fw-la concern_v pear_n simo_n in_o pyrum_fw-la sylvaticam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o wild-stock_n do_v enliven_v the_o dull_a and_o phlegmatic_a apple_n and_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o gennet-moyle_n sweeten_v and_o improve_v a_o apple_n that_o seem_v over-tart_a as_o the_o pome-roy_n or_o some_o green_v etc._n etc._n or_o may_v rather_o seem_v to_o abate_v at_o least_o some_o apple_n over-tart_a and_o severe_a your_o crab-stock_n will_v be_v plant_v about_o october_n at_o thirty_o two_o foot_n distance_n and_o not_o graff_v till_o the_o three_o spring_n after_o or_o at_o least_o not_o before_o the_o second_o but_o if_o your_o design_n be_v for_o orchard_n only_o and_o where_o they_o be_v to_o abide_v a_o interval_n of_o sixteen_o foot_n shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o dwarfish_a kind_n or_o in_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o red-strake_a or_o other_o fruit-tree_n be_v of_o small_a bulk_n provide_v the_o ground_n be_v yearly_o turn_v up_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o the_o distance_n quadruple_v where_o the_o plough_n have_v privilege_n this_o be_v the_o most_o expedite_a for_o such_o as_o have_v no_o nursery_n ground_n chap._n iii_o of_o graff_n and_o insition_n make_v choice_n of_o your_o graff_n from_o a_o constant_a and_o well-bearing_a branch_n and_o as_o the_o stock_n have_v a_o more_o verdant_a rind_n and_o be_v capable_a to_o yield_v more_o plenty_n of_o juice_n so_o let_v the_o graff_n have_v more_o eye_n or_o bud_n ordinary_o three_o or_o four_o eye_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v issue_n to_o the_o sap_n but_o as_o well_o in_o apple_n and_o pear_n as_o in_o vine_n those_o graff_n or_o cion_n be_v prefer_v in_o which_o the_o bud_n be_v not_o too_o far_o asunder_o or_o distant_a from_o the_o foot_n thereof_o and_o such_o a_o number_n of_o bud_n usual_o determine_v the_o length_n of_o the_o graff_n there_o may_v divers_a cion_n be_v make_v of_o one_o branch_n where_o you_o can_v procure_v plenty_n of_o they_o for_o several_n as_o to_o the_o success_n of_o graft_n the_o main_a point_n be_v to_o join_v the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o cion_n to_o the_o inward_a rind_n of_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o one_o may_v there_o meet_v with_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o other_o and_o these_o part_n shall_v be_v join_v close_o but_o not_o too_o forcible_o that_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o infallible_a way_n by_o which_o most_o of_o the_o quick_a and_o juicy_a part_n be_v mutual_o unite_v especial_o towards_o the_o bottom_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v so_o big_a as_o to_o endanger_v the_o pinch_a of_o your_o graff_n when_o the_o wedge_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o cleave_a let_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o graff_n
land_n partly_o clay_n a_o marl_n and_o crash_v as_o they_o call_v it_o there_o on_o all_o which_o sort_v of_o land_n there_o be_v much_o fruit_n grow_v both_o for_o the_o table_n and_o for_o cider_n but_o it_o be_v pear_n it_o most_o abound_v in_o of_o which_o the_o best_a sort_n be_v that_o they_o name_v the_o squash-pear_n which_o make_v the_o best_a perry_n in_o those_o part_n these_o tree_n grow_v to_o be_v very_o large_a and_o exceed_v fruitful_a bear_v a_o fair_a round_a pear_n red_a on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o yellow_a on_o the_o other_o when_o full_o ripe_a it_o oftentimes_o fall_v from_o the_o tree_n which_o common_o break_v it_o but_o it_o be_v of_o a_o nature_n so_o harsh_a that_o the_o hog_n will_v hardly_o eat_v they_o they_o usual_o plant_v the_o stock_n first_o and_o when_o of_o competent_a bigness_n and_o tall_a enough_o to_o prevent_v cattle_n graft_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o land_n be_v plow_v and_o dress_v for_o corn_n the_o tree_n thrive_v much_o better_a than_o in_o the_o pasture-ground_n so_o as_o divers_a orchard_n be_v yearly_o plow_v and_o sow_v with_o corn_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o suffer_v their_o swine_n to_o eat_v upon_o the_o ground_n without_o cut_v and_o such_o plantation_n seldom_o or_o never_o fail_v of_o plentiful_a crop_n especial_o in_o the_o rye-land_n or_o light_a ground_n about_o michaelmas_n be_v make_v the_o best_a cider_n and_o that_o of_o such_o fruit_n as_o drop_n from_o the_o tree_n be_v perfect_o mature_a and_o if_o any_o be_v gather_v soon_o they_o let_v they_o lie_v in_o the_o house_n 8_o or_o 9_o day_n for_o the_o better_a mellow_n the_o best_a mill_n to_o grind_v in_o be_v those_o of_o stone_n which_o resemble_v a_o mill_n stone_n set_v edge-way_n move_v round_o the_o trough_n by_o a_o horse_n till_o the_o fruit_n be_v bruise_v small_a enough_o for_o the_o press_n this_o do_v then_o put_v it_o up_o into_o a_o crib_n make_v with_o strong_a studd_n and_o oaken_a or_o haisel_n twig_n about_o 3_o foot_n high_a and_o 2½_n wide_a which_o be_v place_v on_o a_o stone_n or_o wooden_a cheese-fat_a a_o foot_n broad_a than_o the_o crib_n fit_v to_o a_o round_a trough_n for_o the_o liquor_n to_o pass_v into_o the_o cistern_n which_o be_v a_o large_a vessel_n when_o the_o crib_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o foresay_a ground_n fruit_n they_o put_v a_o stone_n upon_o it_o but_o first_o they_o fit_v a_o circle_n of_o fresh_a straw_n about_o the_o crib_n to_o preserve_v the_o must_v which_o be_v the_o bruise_a fruit_n from_o strain_v through_o the_o crib_n when_o they_o apply_v the_o skrew_n which_o be_v two_o in_o number_n and_o of_o a_o good_a size_n turn_v in_o a_o great_a beam_n and_o so_o be_v wring_v down_o upon_o the_o crib_n within_o which_o they_o place_v two_o wide_a and_o thick_a cheese-fats_a and_o several_a block_n upon_o the_o fruit_n to_o crush_v it_o down_o with_o the_o more_o force_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v wring_v so_o dry_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v have_v more_o out_o of_o it_o a_o crib_n will_v contain_v at_o once_o as_o much_o ground_n fruit_n as_o will_v make_v above_o a_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n and_o there_o may_v be_v dispatch_v six_o or_o seven_o such_o vessel_n in_o one_o day_n when_o the_o press_v be_v finish_v they_o take_v out_o the_o fruit_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o great_a fat_a pour_v several_a payl_n of_o water_n to_o it_o which_o be_v well_o impregn_v be_v ground_n again_o slight_o in_o the_o mill_n to_o make_v a_o ordinary_a cider_n for_o the_o servant_n this_o they_o usual_o drink_v all_o the_o year_n about_o when_o the_o best_a liquor_n be_v â—uned_v up_o they_o common_o leave_v the_o bunghole_n open_a for_o nine_o or_o ten_o day_n to_o ferment_n and_o purify_v for_o though_o in_o most_o place_n they_o add_v strain_v to_o all_o this_o yet_o some_o of_o the_o husk_n and_o ordure_n will_v remain_v in_o it_o the_o vessel_n after_o a_o day_n or_o two_o stand_v be_v fill_v up_o and_o still_o as_o the_o cider_n waste_v in_o work_v they_o supply_v it_o again_o till_o no_o more_o filth_n rise_v and_o then_o stop_v it_o up_o very_o accurate_o close_a leave_v only_o a_o small_a breathe_a hole_n to_o give_v it_o air_n for_o a_o month_n after_o and_o to_o prevent_v the_o burst_n of_o the_o vessel_n note_v that_o they_o sometime_o put_v â…”_n pear_n and_o â…“_n of_o apple_n the_o usual_a name_n of_o gloucestershire_n cider-fruit_n redstreak_n grow_v chief_o in_o the_o rye-land_n sweet_a white-musts_a red-must_a the_o winter-must_a the_o streak-must_a the_o gennet-moyl_a the_o woodcock-apple_n the_o bromsgrove-crab_n the_o great-white-crab_n the_o heming_n and_o divers_a other_o sort_n but_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a the_o pear_n for_o perry_n be_v the_o red_a squash-pear_n esteem_v the_o best_a the_o john-pear_n the_o harpary_n green-pear_n the_o drake-pear_n the_o green_a squash-pear_n the_o mary-pear_n the_o lullam-pear_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a another_o account_n of_o cider_n from_o a_o person_n of_o great_a experience_n cider-apple_n for_o strength_n and_o a_o long_a last_a drink_n be_v best_a make_v of_o the_o fox-whelp_n of_o the_o forest_n of_o deane_n but_o which_o come_v not_o to_o be_v drink_v till_o two_o or_o three_o year_n old_a 2._o bromsborrow-crab_n the_o second_o year_n in_o the_o coast_n and_o tract_n betwixt_o hereford_n and_o ledbury_n 3._o vnder-leaf_n best_a at_o two_o year_n a_o very_a plentiful_a bearer_n have_v a_o rhenish-wine_n flavour_n the_o very_o best_a of_o all_o cider_n of_o this_o kind_n hoard_v a_o little_a within_o door_n the_o long_a you_o will_v keep_v the_o long_a you_o must_v hoard_v your_o fruit._n 4._o the_o red-strake_a of_o kings-capel_n and_o those_o part_n be_v in_o great_a variety_n some_o make_v cider_n that_o be_v not_o of_o continuance_n yet_o pleasant_a and_o good_a other_o that_o last_v long_o incline_v towards_o the_o bromsborrow-crab_n rather_o than_o a_o red-strake_a 5._o a_o long_a pale_a apple_n call_v the_o cole_v about_o ludlow_n a_o extraordinary_a bearer_n 6._o the_o arier-apple_n a_o constant_a bearer_n make_v a_o strong_a and_o last_a cider_n some_o â—all_n they_o richards_n some_o grang-apple_n and_o indeed_o 〈…〉_z â—e_z so_o 〈…〉_z drink_v that_o they_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v recoâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_z â—liveâ—â—nkâ—own_n â—nkâ—own_z about_o ludlow_n may_v i_o conceive_v be_v acâ—_n 〈…〉_z the_o â—intâ—â—-cider_n apple_n of_o which_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a reâ—_n 〈…〉_z a_o hogshead_n of_o the_o fruit_n will_v yield_v a_o hogshead_n of_o â—ider_n the_o summer-cider_n be_v 1._o the_o gennet-moyl_a of_o one_o year_n the_o best_a baking-apple_n that_o grow_v and_o keep_v long_o bake_v but_o not_o so_o unbaked_a without_o grow_v mealy_a it_o dry_v well_o in_o the_o oven_n and_o with_o little_a trouble_n the_o gennet-moyl_a cider_n when_o the_o fruit_n be_v well_o hoard_a and_o mellow_a will_v body_n and_o keep_v better_o 2._o the_o summer_n red-strake_a of_o a_o wonderful_a fragrant_a and_o aromatic_a quality_n 3._o sir_n ed._n harley_n little_a apple_n esteem_v to_o make_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a cider_n in_o the_o world_n also_o his_o 4._o great_a summer-apple_n resemble_v the_o red-strake_a juicy_a and_o aromatic_a 5._o the_o white-must_a streak_a must_v etc._n etc._n great_a bearer_n and_o their_o cider_n early_o ripe_a 6._o pearmains_n have_v make_v excellent_a cider_n as_o good_a if_o not_o superior_a to_o any_o other_o in_o some_o year_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o every_o sort_n of_o fruit_n make_v better_a drink_v some_o year_n than_o other_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o goodness_n and_o perfection_n of_o cider_n result_v from_o the_o lucky_a or_o intelligent_a gathering_n or_o hoard_v of_o the_o fruit_n or_o from_o both_o and_o this_o knowledge_n must_v be_v from_o experience_n 7._o general_o the_o cider_n long_o in_o fine_v be_v strong_a and_o best_a last_v especial_o if_o the_o fruit_n have_v be_v well_o hoard_v for_o some_o time_n 8._o cider_n make_v of_o green_n and_o immature_n fruit_n will_v not_o fine_a kind_o and_o when_o it_o do_v it_o abide_v not_o long_o good_a but_o sudden_o become_v â—agre_a 9_o cider_n keep_v in_o very_o cool_a cellar_n if_o make_v of_o ripe_a fruit_n render_v it_o long_o in_o fine_v and_o sometime_o cider_n by_o expose_v abroad_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o keep_v warm_a have_v soon_o mature_v and_o continue_v long_o good_a but_o the_o best_a drink_n be_v that_o which_o fine_n of_o itself_o preserve_v in_o a_o indifferent_a temper_n 10._o all_o cider_n suffer_v fermentation_n when_o tree_n be_v blossom_a though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o old_a and_o cider_n of_o very_a ripe_a fruit_n if_o bottled_a in_o that_o season_n will_v acquire_v a_o fragrancy_n of_o the_o blossom_n 11._o new_a cider_n and_o all_o diluted_a and_o water_v cider_n be_v great_a
shall_v observe_v this_o order_n first_o to_o show_v how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v and_o then_o to_o be_v cultivate_v by_o raise_v i_o understand_v the_o seed_n and_o the_o soil_n by_o culture_n the_o plant_v fence_a water_v dress_n prune_v and_o cut_v of_o all_o which_o brief_o 6._o and_o first_o for_o their_o raise_v some_o there_o be_v spring_n of_o themselves_o unforced_a by_o human_a ear_n nullis_fw-la hominum_fw-la cogentibus_fw-la ipsae_fw-la sponte_fw-la sua_fw-la veniunt_fw-la specify_v according_o to_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n some_o from_o their_o seed_n arise_v pars_fw-la autem_fw-la posito_fw-la surgunt_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la as_o the_o oak_n chess-nut_n ash_n etc._n etc._n some_o to_o thâ—â—_n grove_n from_o their_o own_o root_n do_v spring_n pullulat_fw-la ab_fw-la radico_fw-la aliâ—s_fw-la deusissima_fw-la sylva_n as_o the_o elm_n alder_n etc._n etc._n and_o there_o be_v other_o grow_v without_o root_n mil_n radicit_fw-la egeut_fw-fr as_o willow_n and_o all_o the_o vimineous_a kind_n which_o be_v raise_v of_o set_v only_o these_o way_n first_o nature_n give_v hos_fw-la natura_fw-la modos_fw-la primùm_fw-la dedit_fw-la for_o thus_o we_o see_v there_o be_v more_o way_n to_o the_o wood_n than_o one_o and_o she_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o variety_n of_o expedient_n 7._o and_o here_o we_o may_v fall_v into_o a_o deep_a philosophical_a research_n whether_o the_o earth_n itself_o in_o some_o place_n thereof_o or_o other_o even_o without_o seed_n branch_n or_o root_n etc._n etc._n will_v produce_v every_o kind_n of_o vegetable_a as_o it_o manifest_o do_v divers_a sort_n of_o grass_n and_o plant_n viz._n the_o tre-fole_a or_o clover_n in_o succulent_a land_n in_o dry_a ground_n may_v and_o raâ—-weeds_n in_o the_o very_a moist_a argentina_n flag_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o very_a barren_a ferne_n broome_n and_o heath_n etc._n etc._n so_o virgil_n note_v sterile_a place_n for_o the_o pitch-tree_n we_o our_o wet_a and_o vligiâ—ous_a for_o birch_n alder_n etc._n etc._n the_o more_o lofty_a poor_a and_o perflatile_a for_o yew_n guiniper_n box_n and_o the_o like_a and_o we_o read_v in_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o divers_a country_n that_o the_o cedar_n palmeto_n queen-pine_n ebony_n nutmeg_n cinnamon_n etc._n etc._n for_o tree_n the_o tulip_n hyacinth_n crocus_n etc._n etc._n for_o flower_n be_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o region_n aborigines_n descend_v immediate_o from_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o soyl_n climate_n sun_n shade_n air_n wind_n water_n niterous-salt_n rock_n bank_n shore_n and_o as_o the_o negros-head_n in_o the_o bachado_n even_o without_o seed_n or_o any_o perceptible_a rudiment_n but_o with_o all_o this_o we_o be_v not_o satisfy_v without_o suppose_v some_o previous_a seminal_a disposition_n lurk_v and_o disperse_v in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o what_o moleculae_fw-la or_o subtle_a contexture_n we_o shall_v not_o inquire_v but_o though_o haply_o not_o at_o first_o so_o perfect_a as_o the_o mature_a seed_n of_o their_o after_o peculiar_a plant_n yet_o such_o as_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o sun_n and_o influence_n to_o operate_v on_o '_o till_o they_o have_v prepare_v discuss_v and_o excite_v their_o seminal_a and_o prolifique_a virtue_n to_o exert_v itself_o and_o awake_v out_o of_o sleep_n in_o which_o they_o lie_v as_o in_o their_o cause_n and_o free_v themselves_o from_o those_o impediment_n which_o hinder_v their_o specification_n and_o nativity_n this_o conception_n the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la will_v illustrate_v by_o the_o latent_fw-la fire_n in_o flint_n which_o never_o betray_v itself_o '_o till_o it_o be_v force_v out_o by_o collision_n but_o which_o yet_o methinks_v do_v not_o so_o full_o enlighten_v this_o hypothesis_n which_o we_o only_a hint_n for_o method_n and_o introduction_n only_o for_o the_o design_n of_o this_o discourse_n be_v not_o to_o persuade_v man_n to_o sit_v still_o and_o let_v nature_n work_v alone_o but_o to_o aid_v and_o assist_v she_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v able_a from_o seed_n and_o plant_n already_o perfect_v and_o qualify_v for_o more_o speedy_a propagation_n most_o ingenious_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v what_o some_o upon_o a_o accurate_a and_o narrow_a guess_n have_v not_o fear_v to_o pronounce_v namely_o that_o all_o plant_n by_o seed_n be_v but_o a_o kind_n of_o inoculation_n and_o propagation_n by_o cyon_n and_o sprouts_n but_o a_o subterranean_a graft_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n i_o be_o the_o more_o willing_a to_o assent_v that_o in_o remove_v of_o wild_a tree_n take_v out_o of_o encumber_v place_n so_o it_o be_v perform_v with_o all_o due_a circumstance_n there_o may_v happen_v considerable_a improvement_n since_o as_o there_o be_v something_o in_o super_n graft_n or_o the_o repetition_n of_o graft_n for_o the_o enlargement_n and_o melioration_n of_o fruit_n so_o there_o may_v be_v also_o in_o a_o careful_a removal_n especial_o the_o tree_n be_v of_o a_o kind_a apt_a to_o dilate_v its_o root_n and_o take_v while_o those_o root_n may_v be_v safe_o and_o entire_o transfer_v and_o likewise_o because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o most_o tree_n propagate_v by_o seed_n emitt_v a_o principal_a root_n very_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n which_o frequent_o extract_v but_o a_o courser_n nutriment_n though_o it_o may_v happy_o yield_v a_o close_a and_o firm_a timber_n yet_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o shoot_n and_o spread_v as_o what_o be_v by_o removal_n deprive_v of_o that_o root_n and_o by_o be_v more_o impregnate_n with_o the_o sun_n dews_n and_o heavenly_a influence_n near_o the_o surface_n enable_v to_o produce_v large_a more_o delicate_a and_o better_o taste_v fruit_n suppose_v nut_n mast_n or_o berry_n for_o we_o will_v not_o go_v out_o of_o our_o forest_n for_o instance_n and_o yet_o even_o in_o these_o desent_n of_o the_o top-root_n it_o sometime_o penetrate_v to_o a_o vein_n of_o some_o rich_a marl_n or_o other_o mould_n the_o extraordinary_a flourish_a and_o expedition_n of_o growth_n will_v soon_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o but_o to_o make_v some_o trial_n of_o this_o it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n when_o one_o plant_n a_o nursery_n or_o grove_n to_o experiment_n what_o the_o earth_n as_o far_o as_o the_o root_n be_v like_a to_o reach_v will_v advance_v and_o discover_v to_o we_o 8._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o have_v be_v stiff_o controvert_v by_o some_o whether_o be_v better_a to_o raise_v tree_n for_o timber_n and_o the_o like_a use_n from_o their_o seed_n and_o first_o rudiment_n or_o to_o transplant_v such_o as_o we_o find_v have_v either_o raise_v themselves_o from_o their_o seed_n or_o spring_n from_o the_o mother_n root_n now_o that_o to_o produce_v they_o immediate_o of_o the_o seed_n be_v the_o better_a way_n these_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o evince_v first_o because_o they_o take_v soon_o second_o because_o they_o make_v the_o straight_a and_o most_o uniform_a shoot_v three_o because_o they_o will_v neither_o require_v stake_n nor_o water_v which_o be_v two_o very_a considerable_a article_n and_o last_o for_o that_o all_o transplant_n though_o it_o much_o improve_v fruit_n tree_n unless_o they_o be_v take_v up_o the_o first_o year_n or_o two_o be_v a_o considerable_a impediment_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o forest-tree_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o divers_a of_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o wood_n especial_o oakling_n young_a beech_n ash_n and_o some_o other_o spring_n from_o the_o self-sown_a mast_n and_o key_n yet_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n drop_v and_o disseminated_a among_o the_o half_a rot_a stick_n musty_a leaf_n and_o perplexity_n of_o the_o mother-root_n they_o grow_v scraggy_a and_o be_v over-dripped_a become_v squalid_a and_o mossy_a which_o check_v their_o growth_n and_o make_v their_o body_n pine_v crescentique_fw-la adimunt_fw-la foetus_fw-la uruntque_fw-la ferentem_fw-la geo._n 2._o nor_o can_v their_o root_n expand_v and_o spread_v themselves_o as_o they_o will_v do_v if_o they_o be_v sow_v or_o have_v be_v plant_v in_o a_o more_o open_a free_a and_o ingenuous_a soil_n and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o i_o do_v affirm_v upon_o experience_n that_o a_o acorn_n sow_v by_o hand_n in_o a_o nursery_n or_o ground_n where_o it_o may_v be_v free_a from_o these_o encumbrance_n shall_v in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n outstrip_v a_o plant_n of_o twice_o that_o age_n which_o have_v either_o be_v self-sown_a in_o the_o wood_n or_o remove_v unless_o it_o fortune_n by_o some_o favourable_a accident_n to_o have_v be_v scatter_v into_o a_o more_o natural_a penetrable_a and_o better_o qualify_v place_n but_o this_o disproportion_n be_v yet_o infinite_o more_o remarkable_a in_o the_o pine_n and_o the_o walnut_n tree_n where_o the_o nut_n set_v into_o the_o ground_n do_v usual_o overtake_v a_o tree_n of_o ten_o year_n growth_n which_o be_v plant_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n and_o this_o be_v a_o secret_a so_o general_o misrepresent_v by_o most_o of_o those_o who_o have_v
treat_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o i_o can_v not_o suffer_v it_o to_o pass_v over_o without_o a_o particular_a remark_n so_o as_o the_o noble_a poet_n with_o pardon_n for_o recede_v from_o so_o venerable_a authority_n may_v be_v mistake_v when_o he_o deliver_v this_o observation_n as_o universal_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o sow_v and_o raise_v wood_n from_o their_o rudiment_n tree_n which_o from_o scatter_a seed_n to_o spring_n be_v make_v come_v slow_o on_o for_o our_o grandchild_n shade_n nam_fw-la quae_fw-la seminibus_fw-la jactis_fw-la se_fw-la sustulit_fw-la arbos_fw-la tarda_fw-la venit_fw-la seris_fw-la factura_fw-la nepotibus_fw-la umbram_fw-la geor._n l._n 2._o and_o indeed_o i_o know_v divers_a be_v of_o this_o opinion_n and_o possible_o in_o some_o lucky_a soil_n and_o where_o extraordinary_a care_n be_v have_v in_o transplant_n and_o remove_v cumbrance_n etc._n etc._n there_o may_v be_v reason_n for_o it_o but_o i_o affirm_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o find_v i_o have_v the_o suffrage_n of_o another_o no_o inelegant_a poet_n if_o not_o in_o a_o full_a assent_n to_o my_o assertion_n yet_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o my_o procedure_n for_o their_o perfection_n though_o sucker_n which_o the_o stock_n repair_v will_v with_o thâ—ck_a branch_n crowd_v the_o empty_a air_n or_o the_o ground-oak_n transplant_v bough_n may_v shoot_v yet_o no_o such_o grov'_v do_v with_o my_o fancy_n suit_n as_o what_o from_o acorn_n set_v on_o even_a row_n in_o open_a field_n at_o their_o due_a distance_n grow_v what_o though_o your_o ground_n long_a time_n must_v fallow_a lie_v and_o seâ—dling-oakes_n yield_v but_o a_o slow_a supply_n no_o walk_n else_o can_v be_v for_o like_a beauty_n praise_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o plant_n from_o acorn_n raise_v as_o to_o the_o centre_n deep_a fiver_n spread_v so_o to_o the_o zenith_n more_o advance_v their_o head_n be_v it_o that_o plant_n for_o natural_a moisture_n pine_v and_o as_o expose_v at_o change_n of_o soil_n decline_v or_o that_o the_o acorn_n with_o its_o native_a mould_n do_v thrive_v and_o spread_v and_o firm_a alliance_n hold_v quamvis_fw-la ipsa_fw-la de_fw-la stirpe_fw-la parentis_fw-la pullulet_fw-la &_o tenues_fw-la tollat_fw-la se_fw-la quercus_fw-la in_o auras_fw-la aut_fw-la mutata_fw-la solo_fw-la ramis_fw-la exultet_fw-la opacis_fw-la forma_fw-la tamen_fw-la nemoris_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la mihi_fw-la gratior_fw-la ulla_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la campos_fw-la posito_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la crevit_fw-la et_fw-la quamquam_fw-la sit_fw-la agro_fw-la praelongum_fw-la tempus_fw-la inerti_fw-la durcendum_fw-la ac_fw-la tardae_fw-la surgant_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la quercus_fw-la his_fw-la tamen_fw-la his_o long_a veniunt_fw-la felicius_fw-la umbrae_fw-la nam_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr glande_n satas_fw-la radicibus_fw-la imis_fw-la altius_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la descendere_fw-la plantas_fw-la majoresque_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o coelum_fw-la profundere_fw-la ramos_fw-la seu_fw-la quod_fw-la dediscant_fw-la mutatam_fw-la semina_fw-la matrem_fw-la dgen_n remque_fw-la ferant_fw-la alieno_fw-la ex_fw-la ubere_fw-la prolem_fw-la sive_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la â—bi_fw-la cognatae_fw-la inolescere_fw-la terrae_fw-la glans_fw-la primo_fw-la melius_fw-la paulatim_fw-la assuevit_fw-la ab_fw-la ortu_fw-la rapinus_n hort._n l._n 2._o chap._n i._o of_o the_o soil_n and_o of_o seed_n soil_n 1._o here_o for_o method_n sake_n something_o it_o be_v expedient_a to_o premise_v concern_v the_o soil_n and_o indeed_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v observe_v so_o vast_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o improvement_n of_o wood_n by_o that_o of_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v at_o no_o hand_n to_o be_v neglect_v but_o this_o be_v more_o than_o transitory_o touch_v in_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o assign_v it_o any_o apart_o when_o i_o have_v affirm_v in_o general_n that_o most_o timber-tree_n grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o in_o any_o tolerable_a land_n which_o will_v produce_v corn_n or_o rye_n and_o which_o be_v not_o in_o excess_n stony_n in_o which_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v some_o tree_n delight_n or_o altogether_o clay_n which_o few_o or_o none_o do_v natural_o affect_v and_o yet_o the_o oak_n be_v see_v to_o prosper_v in_o it_o for_o its_o toughness_n prefer_v before_o any_o other_o by_o many_o workman_n though_o of_o all_o soyl_v the_o cow-pasture_n do_v certain_o exceed_v be_v it_o for_o what_o purpose_n soever_o of_o plant_v wood._n rather_o therefore_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n how_o many_o great_a wit_n and_o ingenious_a person_n who_o have_v leisure_n and_o faculty_n be_v in_o pain_n for_o improvement_n of_o their_o heath_n and_o barren_a hill_n cold_a and_o starve_a place_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o despair_v of_o while_o they_o flatter_v their_o hope_n and_o vain_a expectation_n with_o fructify_a liquor_n chemical_a menstrue_n and_o such_o vast_a conception_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o one_o may_v show_v they_o as_o heathy_a and_o hope-less_a ground_n and_o barren_a hill_n as_o any_o in_o england_n that_o do_v now_o bear_v or_o late_o have_v bear_v wood_n grove_n and_o copse_n which_o yield_v the_o owner_n more_o wealth_n than_o the_o rich_a and_o most_o opulent_a wheat-land_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v so_o long_a a_o day_n before_o these_o plantation_n can_v afford_v that_o gain_n the_o brabant_n nursery_n and_o divers_a home-plantations_a of_o industrious_a person_n be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v the_o gain-say_a and_o when_o by_o this_o husbandry_n a_o few_o acorn_n shall_v have_v people_v the_o neighbour_a region_n with_o young_a stock_n and_o tree_n the_o residue_n will_v become_v grove_n and_o copse_n of_o infinite_a delight_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o planter_n beside_o we_o daily_o see_v what_o course_n land_n will_v bear_v these_o stock_n suppose_v they_o oak_n wall-nutts_a chess-nutts_a pine_n fir_n ash_n wild-pear_n crab_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o of_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n the_o pear_n and_o the_o fir_n or_o pine_n strike_v their_o root_n through_o the_o rough_a and_o most_o impenetrable_a rock_n and_o cleft_n of_o stone_n itself_o and_o other_o require_v not_o any_o rich_a or_o pingued_a but_o very_o moderate_a soil_n especial_o if_o commit_v to_o it_o in_o seed_n which_o ally_n they_o to_o their_o mother_n and_o nurse_n without_o renitency_n or_o regrett_n and_o then_o consider_v what_o assistance_n a_o little_a care_n in_o ease_v and_o stir_v of_o the_o ground_n about_o they_o for_o a_o few_o year_n do_v afford_v they_o what_o can_v a_o strong_a blow_n a_o winter_n mellow_n and_o summer_n heat_n incorporate_v with_o the_o pregnant_a turf_n or_o a_o slight_a assistance_n of_o lime_n perform_v even_o in_o the_o most_o unnatural_a and_o obstinate_a soil_n and_o in_o such_o place_n where_o ancient_o wood_n have_v grow_v but_o be_v now_o unkind_a to_o they_o the_o fault_n be_v to_o be_v reform_v by_o this_o care_n and_o chief_o by_o a_o sedulous_a extirpation_n of_o the_o old_a remainder_n of_o root_n and_o latent_fw-la stump_n which_o by_o their_o mustiness_n and_o other_o pernicious_a quality_n sour_a the_o ground_n and_o poison_v the_o conception_n and_o herewith_o let_v i_o put_v in_o this_o note_n that_o even_o the_o soil_n itself_o do_v frequent_o discover_v and_o point_v best_a to_o the_o particular_a species_n though_o some_o be_v for_o all_o place_n alike_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o these_o particular_n at_o this_o time_n because_o the_o rest_n be_v sprinkle_v over_o this_o whole_a work_n in_o their_o due_a place_n wherefore_o we_o hasten_v to_o the_o follow_a title_n namely_o the_o choice_n and_o order_n of_o the_o seed_n 2._o choose_v your_o seed_n of_o that_o which_o be_v perfect_o mature_a seed_n ponderous_a and_o sound_a common_o that_o which_o be_v easy_o shake_v from_o the_o bough_n or_o gather_v about_o november_n immediate_o upon_o its_o spontaneous_a fall_n or_o take_v from_o the_o top_n and_o summity_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o sound_a tree_n be_v best_a and_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n direct_v to_o the_o proper_a season_n of_o inter_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o institution_n for_o nature_n herself_o who_o all_o create_v first_o invent_v sow_v and_o the_o wild_a plant_n nurse_v when_o mast_n and_o berry_n from_o the_o tree_n do_v drop_v succeed_v under_o by_o a_o numerous_a crop_n nam_fw-la specimen_fw-la sationis_fw-la &_o insitionis_fw-la origo_fw-la ipsa_fw-la fuit_fw-la rerum_fw-la primum_fw-la natura_fw-la creatrix_fw-la arboribus_fw-la quoniam_fw-la baccae_fw-la glandesque_fw-la caducae_fw-la tempestiva_fw-la dabant_fw-la pullorum_fw-la examina_fw-la subter_fw-la etc._n etc._n lucret._n l._n 5._o yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o if_o the_o place_n you_o sow_v in_o be_v too_o cold_a for_o a_o autumnal_a semination_n your_o acorn_n mast_n and_o other_o seed_n may_v be_v prepare_v for_o the_o vernal_a by_o be_v barreled_a or_o potted_a up_o in_o moist_a sand_n or_o earth_n stratum_fw-la s.s._n during_o
inch_n deep_a and_o in_o even_a line_n at_o two_o foot_n interval_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a runcation_n haw_v and_o dress_v the_o tree_n into_o these_o furrow_n for_o a_o conseminea_fw-la sylva_n throw_v your_o oak_n beech_n ash_n nut_n all_o the_o glandiferous_a seed_n mast_n and_o key-bearing_a kind_n so_o as_o they_o lie_v not_o too_o thick_a and_o then_o cover_v they_o very_o well_o with_o a_o rake_n or_o fine-toothed_a harrow_n as_o they_o do_v for_o pease_n or_o to_o be_v more_o accurate_a you_o may_v set_v they_o as_o they_o do_v bean_n especial_o the_o nut_n and_o acorn_n and_o that_o every_o species_n by_o themselves_o for_o the_o roboraria_n glandaria_fw-la vlmaria_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o better_a way_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o october_n for_o the_o autumnal_a sow_v and_o in_o the_o light_a ground_n about_o february_n for_o the_o vernal_a then_o see_v your_o hopeful_a grove_n with_o acorn_n sow_v but_o ever_o your_o seed_n into_o the_o field_n be_v throw_v with_o crooked_a plough_n first_o let_v the_o lusty_a swain_n break-up_a and_o stubborn_a clod_n with_o harrow_n plain_a then_o when_o the_o stem_n appear_v to_o make_v it_o bare_a and_o lighten_v the_o hard_a earth_n with_o hough_n prepare_v hough_o in_o the_o spring_n nor_o frequent_a culture_n fail_v lest_o noxious_a weed_n over_o the_o young_a wood_n prevail_v to_o barren_a ground_n with_o toil_n large_o meanour_a add_v good-husbandry_n will_v force_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v bad_a proinde_fw-la nemus_fw-la sparsa_fw-la cure_v the_o glande_n parandum_fw-la sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la ante_fw-la tuo_fw-la mande_v quam_fw-la semina_fw-la campo_fw-it ipse_fw-la tibi_fw-la duro_fw-la robustus_fw-la vomere_fw-la fossor_fw-la omne_fw-la solum_fw-la subigat_fw-la late_a explanetque_fw-la subactum_fw-la cumque_fw-la novus_fw-la fisso_fw-la primum_fw-la de_fw-la germine_fw-la ramus_fw-la findit_fw-la humum_fw-la rursus_fw-la ferro_fw-la versanda_fw-la bicorni_fw-la consita_fw-la veer_fw-la novo_fw-la tellus_fw-la cultuque_fw-la frequenti_fw-la exercenda_fw-la herbae_fw-la circum_fw-la ne_fw-la forte_fw-fr nocentes_fw-la proveniant_fw-la germenque_fw-la ipsum_fw-la radicibus_fw-la urant_fw-la nec_fw-la cultu_fw-la campum_fw-la cunctantem_fw-la urgere_fw-la frequenti_fw-la et_fw-la saturare_fw-la fimo_fw-la pudeat_fw-la si_fw-la forte_fw-fr resistat_fw-la culturae_fw-la nam_fw-la tristis_fw-la humus_fw-la superanda_fw-la colendo_fw-la est_fw-la rapinus_n l._n 2._o note_v that_o 6_o bushel_n of_o acorn_n will_v sow_v or_o plant_v a_o acre_n at_o one_o foot_n distance_n 3._o your_o plant_n begin_v now_o to_o peep_v shall_v be_v earth_v up_o and_o comfort_v a_o little_a especial_o after_o break_v of_o the_o great_a frost_n and_o when_o the_o swell_a mould_n be_v apt_a to_o spew_v they_o forth_o but_o when_o they_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o ground_n you_o may_v in_o a_o moist_a season_n draw_v they_o up_o where_o they_o be_v too_o thick_a and_o set_v they_o immediate_o in_o other_o line_n or_o bed_n prepare_v for_o they_o or_o you_o may_v plant_v they_o in_o double_a foss_n where_o they_o may_v abide_v for_o good_a and_o all_o and_o to_o remain_v till_o they_o be_v of_o a_o competent_a stature_n to_o be_v transplant_v where_o they_o shall_v be_v set_v at_o such_o distance_n as_o their_o several_a kind_n require_v but_o if_o you_o draw_v they_o only_o for_o the_o thin_a of_o your_o seminary_n prick_v they_o into_o some_o empty_a bed_n or_o a_o plantarium_fw-la purposely_o design_v at_o one_o foot_n interval_n leave_v the_o rest_n at_o two_o or_o three_o 4._o when_o your_o seedling_n have_v stand_v thus_o till_o june_n bestow_v a_o slight_a dig_v upon_o they_o and_o scatter_v a_o little_a mungy_a half_a rot_a litter_n fearn_n bean-hame_a or_o old_a leave_n among_o they_o to_o preserve_v the_o root_n from_o scorch_a and_o to_o entertain_v the_o moisture_n and_o then_o in_o march_n follow_v by_o which_o time_n it_o will_v be_v quite_o consume_v and_o very_o mellow_a you_o shall_v chap_v it_o all_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o mingle_v it_o together_o continue_v this_o process_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n successive_o for_o till_o then_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o kernel_n will_v hardly_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o plant_n which_o be_v of_o main_a import_n but_o then_o and_o that_o the_o stature_n of_o your_o young_a imp_n invite_v you_o may_v plant_v they_o forth_o careful_o take_v up_o their_o root_n and_o cut_v the_o stem_n within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o kind_n of_o which_o hereafter_o suffer_v the_o knife_n set_v they_o where_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v if_o thus_o you_o reduce_v they_o to_o the_o distance_n of_o forty_o foot_n the_o interval_n may_v be_v plant_v with_o ash_n which_o may_v be_v fell_v either_o for_o pole_n or_o timber_n without_o the_o least_o prejudice_n of_o the_o oak_n some_o repeat_v the_o cut_n we_o speak_v of_o the_o second_o year_n and_o after_o march_n the_o moon_n decrease_v re-cut_a they_o at_o half_a a_o foot_n from_o the_o surface_n and_o then_o meddle_v with_o they_o no_o more_o but_o this_o if_o the_o process_n be_v not_o more_o severe_a than_o needs_o must_v be_v do_v with_o a_o very_a sharp_a instrument_n and_o with_o care_n lest_o you_o violate_v and_o unsettle_v the_o root_n which_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v practise_v upon_o all_o those_o which_o you_o do_v not_o transplant_v unless_o you_o find_v they_o very_o thrive_a tree_n and_o than_o it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o prune_v off_o the_o branch_n and_o spare_v the_o top_n for_o this_o do_v not_o only_o great_o establish_v your_o plant_n by_o divert_v the_o sap_n to_o the_o root_n but_o likewise_o free_v they_o from_o the_o injury_n and_o concussion_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o make_v they_o to_o produce_v handsome_a straight_o shoot_v infinite_o preferable_a to_o such_o as_o be_v abandon_v to_o nature_n and_o accident_n without_o this_o discipline_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o oak_n will_v become_v excellent_a timber_n shoot_v into_o straight_a and_o single_a stem_n the_o chess-nut_n ash_n etc._n etc._n multiply_v into_o pole_n which_o you_o may_v reduce_v to_o standard_n at_o pleasure_n to_o this_o i_o add_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o you_o make_v your_o annual_a transplant_n out_o of_o the_o nursery_n by_o draw_v forth_o the_o choice_a stock_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v improve_v by_o a_o due_a stir_v and_o turn_v of_o the_o mould_n about_o their_o root_n 5._o theophrastus_n in_o his_o three_o book_n the_o cause_n c._n 7._o give_v we_o great_a caution_n in_o plant_v to_o preserve_v the_o root_n and_o especial_o the_o earth_n adhere_v to_o the_o small_a fiber_n which_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v shake_v off_o as_o most_o of_o our_o gardener_n do_v to_o trim_v and_o quicken_v they_o as_o they_o pretend_v which_o be_v to_o cut_v they_o short_a etc._n etc._n not_o at_o all_o consider_v that_o those_o tender_a hair_n be_v the_o very_a mouth_n and_o vehicles_n which_o suck_v in_o the_o nutriment_n and_o transfuse_v into_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o these_o once_o perish_v the_o thick_a and_o large_a root_n hard_a and_o less_o spongy_a signify_v little_o but_o to_o establish_v the_o stem_n as_o i_o have_v frequent_o experiment_v in_o orange-tree_n who_o fiber_n be_v so_o very_o obnoxious_a to_o rot_v if_o they_o take_v in_o the_o least_o excess_n of_o wet_a and_o therefore_o cato_n advise_v we_o to_o take_v care_n that_o we_o bind_v the_o mould_n about_o they_o or_o transfer_v the_o root_n in_o basket_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o forsake_v they_o for_o this_o earth_n be_v already_o apply_v and_o fit_v to_o the_o overture_n and_o mouth_n of_o the_o fiber_n it_o will_v require_v some_o time_n to_o bring_v they_o in_o appetite_n again_o to_o a_o new_a mould_n by_o which_o to_o repair_v their_o loss_n furnish_v their_o stock_n and_o proceed_v in_o their_o wont_a oeconomy_n without_o manifest_a danger_n and_o interruption_n nor_o less_o aught_o our_o care_n to_o be_v in_o the_o make_n and_o dress_v of_o the_o pit_n and_o foss_n into_o which_o we_o design_v our_o transplantation_n which_o shall_v be_v prepare_v and_o leave_v some_o time_n open_a to_o macerate_v rain_n frost_n and_o sun_n that_o may_v resolve_v the_o compact_a salt_n render_v the_o earth_n friable_a mix_v and_o qualify_v it_o for_o aliment_n and_o to_o be_v more_o easy_o draw_v in_o and_o digest_v by_o the_o root_n and_o analogus_fw-la stomach_n of_o the_o tree_n this_o to_o some_o degree_n may_v be_v artificial_o do_v by_o burn_v of_o straw_n in_o the_o new_o open_v pit_n and_o drench_a the_o mould_n with_o water_n especial_o in_o over_o dry_a season_n and_o by_o meliorate_n barren-ground_n with_o sweet_a and_o comminuted_a letation_n 6._o the_o author_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n pliny_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o vulgar_a tradition_n in_o his_o time_n that_o no_o tree_n shall_v be_v remove_v under_o two_o year_n old_a or_o above_o three_o cato_n
distinguish_v by_o his_o fullness_n of_o leaf_n which_o tarnish_n and_o become_v yellow_a at_o the_o fall_n do_v common_o clothe_v it_o all_o the_o winter_n the_o root_n grow_v very_o deep_a and_o straggle_a the_o author_n of_o britannia_n baconica_n speak_v of_o a_o oak_n in_o lanhadron_n park_n in_o cornwall_n which_o bear_v constant_o leave_v speckle_v with_o white_a and_o of_o another_o call_v the_o painted-oak_n which_o i_o only_o mention_v here_o that_o the_o variety_n may_v be_v compare_v by_o some_o ingenious_a person_n thereabouts_o as_o well_o as_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fatal_a prae-admonition_n of_o oak_n bear_v strange_a leaf_n 3._o it_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o propagation_n of_o this_o large_a spread_a oak_n which_o be_v especial_o recommend_v for_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o that_o his_o majesty_n forest_n be_v well_o and_o plentiful_o store_v with_o they_o because_o they_o require_v room_n and_o space_n to_o amplify_v and_o expand_v themselves_o and_o will_v therefore_o be_v plant_v at_o more_o remote_a distance_n and_o free_a from_o all_o encumbrance_n and_o this_o upon_o consideration_n how_o slow_o a_o fullgrown_a oak_n mount_v upward_o and_o how_o speedy_o they_o spread_v and_o dilate_v themselves_o to_o all_o quarter_n by_o dress_v and_o due_a culture_n so_o as_o above_o forty_o year_n advance_v be_v to_o be_v gain_v by_o this_o only_a industry_n and_o if_o thus_o his_o majesty_n forest_n and_o chase_n be_v store_v viz._n with_o this_o spread_a tree_n at_o handsome_a interval_n by_o which_o graze_v may_v be_v improve_v for_o the_o feed_n of_o deer_n and_o cattle_n under_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o old_a saltus_n benign_o visit_v with_o the_o gleam_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o adorn_v with_o the_o distant_a landscape_n appear_v through_o the_o glade_n and_o frequent_a valley_n betwixt_o who_o row_n the_o azure_a sky_n be_v see_v immix_v with_o hillock_n vale_n and_o field_n as_o now_o we_o see_v distinguish_v in_o a_o sweet_a variety_n such_o place_n which_o wild_a appletree_n throughout_o adorni_n and_o happy_a shrub_n grow_v all_o about_o caerula_fw-la distingâ—ens_fw-la inter_fw-la plaga_fw-la currere_fw-la posset_n per_fw-la tumulos_fw-la &_o convalles_fw-la camposque_fw-la profusa_fw-la ut_fw-la nunc_fw-la esse_fw-la vides_fw-la vario_fw-la distincta_fw-la lepôre_fw-la omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la pomis_fw-la intersita_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la ornant_fw-la arbustisque_fw-la tenent_fw-la felicibus_fw-la obsita_fw-la circum_fw-la lucret._n l._n 5._o as_o the_o poet_n describe_v his_o olive-grove_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o ravish_v for_o so_o we_o may_v also_o sprinkle_v fruit-tree_n among_o they_o of_o which_o hereafter_o for_o cider_n and_o many_o singular_a use_n and_o shall_v find_v such_o goodly_a plantation_n the_o boast_n of_o our_o ranger_n and_o forest_n infinite_o preferable_a to_o any_o thing_n we_o have_v yet_o behold_v rude_a and_o neglect_v as_o they_o be_v i_o say_v when_o his_o majesty_n shall_v proceed_v as_o he_o have_v design_v to_o animate_v this_o laudable_a pride_n into_o fashion_n forest_n and_o wood_n as_o well_o as_o field_n and_o enclosure_n will_v present_v we_o with_o another_o face_n than_o now_o they_o do_v and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o applaud_v the_o worthy_a industry_n of_o old_a sir_n harbotle_n grimstone_n who_o i_o be_o tell_v from_o a_o very_a small_a nursery_n of_o acorn_n which_o he_o sow_v in_o the_o neglect_a corner_n of_o his_o ground_n do_v draw_v forth_o such_o number_n of_o oak_n of_o competent_a growth_n as_o be_v plant_v about_o his_o field_n in_o even_o and_o uniform_a row_n about_o one_o hundred_o foot_n from_o the_o hedge_n bush_v and_o well_o water_v till_o they_o have_v sufficient_o fix_v themselves_o do_v wonderful_o improve_v both_o the_o beauty_n and_o the_o value_n of_o his_o demesne_n but_o i_o proceed_v 4._o both_o these_o kind_n will_v be_v take_v up_o very_o young_a and_o transplant_v about_o october_n some_o yet_o for_o these_o hardy_a and_o late_o spring_a tree_n defer_v it_o till_o the_o winter_n be_v well_o over_o but_o the_o earth_n have_v need_n be_v moist_a and_o though_o they_o will_v grow_v tolerable_o in_o most_o ground_n yet_o do_v they_o general_o affect_v the_o sound_n black_a deep_a and_o fast_o mould_n rather_o warm_a than_o over_o wet_a and_o cold_a and_o a_o little_a rise_n for_o this_o produce_v the_o firm_a timber_n though_o my_o l._n bacon_n prefer_v that_o which_o grow_v in_o the_o moist_a ground_n for_o ship_n timber_n as_o the_o most_o tough_a and_o less_o subject_a to_o rift_v but_o let_v we_o hear_v pliny_n this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n say_v he_o what_o tree_n soever_o they_o be_v which_o grow_v tolerable_o either_o on_o hill_n or_o valley_n arise_v to_o great_a stature_n and_o spread_v more_o ample_o in_o the_o low_a ground_n but_o the_o timber_n be_v far_o better_a and_o of_o a_o fine_a grain_n which_o grow_v upon_o the_o mountain_n except_v only_a apple_n and_o pear_n tree_n and_o in_o the_o 39_o cap._n lib._n 16._o the_o timber_n of_o those_o tree_n which_o grow_v in_o moist_a and_o shady_a place_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o come_v from_o a_o more_o expose_v situation_n nor_o be_v it_o so_o close_o substantial_a and_o durable_a upon_o which_o he_o much_o prefer_v the_o timber_n grow_v in_o tuscany_n before_o that_o towards_o the_o venetian_a side_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gulf_n and_o that_o timber_n so_o grow_v be_v in_o great_a esteem_n long_o before_o pliny_n we_o have_v the_o spear_n of_o agamemnon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o a_o tree_n so_o expose_v and_o dydimus_n give_v the_o reason_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n for_o that_o be_v continual_o weather-beaten_a they_o become_v hardy_a and_o tough_a the_o result_n of_o all_o be_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o special_a timber_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o considerable_a difference_n so_o as_o some_o oaken_a timber_n prove_v manifest_o weak_a more_o spongy_a and_o soon_o decay_v than_o other_o the_o like_a may_v be_v affirm_v of_o ash_n and_o other_o kind_n and_o general_o speak_v the_o close-grained_a be_v the_o stout_a and_o most_o permanent_a but_o of_o this_o let_v the_o industrious_a consult_v that_o whole_a ten_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o vitruvius_n where_o he_o express_o treat_v of_o this_o argument_n de_fw-fr abiete_n supernate_a &_o infernate_a cum_fw-la apennini_n descriptione_n where_o we_o note_v concern_v oak_n that_o it_o neither_o prosper_v in_o very_o hot_a nor_o excessive_a cold_a country_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v little_a good_a of_o it_o to_o be_v find_v in_o africa_n or_o indeed_o the_o low_a and_o most_o southern_a part_n of_o italy_n for_o the_o venetian_n have_v excellent_a timber_n nor_o in_o denmark_n or_o norway_n comparable_a to_o we_o it_o chief_o affect_v a_o temperate_a climate_n and_o where_o they_o grow_v natural_o in_o abundance_n it_o be_v a_o promise_a mark_n of_o it_o if_o i_o be_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o tree_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o best_a cow-pasture_n or_o upland_n meadow_n where_o the_o mould_n be_v rich_a and_o sweet_a suffolk_n afford_v a_o admirable_a instance_n and_o in_o such_o place_n you_o may_v also_o transplant_v large_a tree_n with_o extraordinary_a success_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o bore_v and_o search_v the_o ground_n where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v or_o sow_v before_o you_o fall_v to_o work_v since_o earth_n too_o shallow_a or_o rocky_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a for_o this_o timber_n the_o root_n fix_v not_o kind_o and_o though_o for_o a_o time_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o flourish_v yet_o they_o will_v dwindle_v 5._o but_o to_o discourage_v none_o oak_n prosper_v exceed_o even_o in_o gravel_n and_o moist_a clay_n which_o most_o other_o tree_n abhor_v yea_o even_o the_o cold_a clay_n ground_n that_o will_v hardly_o graze_v but_o these_o tree_n will_v frequent_o make_v stand_v as_o they_o encounter_v variety_n of_o footing_n and_o sometime_o proceed_v again_o vigorous_o as_o they_o either_o penetrate_v beyond_o or_o outgrow_a their_o obstruction_n and_o meet_v better_a earth_n which_o be_v of_o that_o consequence_n that_o i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o year_n advance_v be_v clear_o gain_v by_o soil_n and_o husbandry_n i_o have_v yet_o read_v that_o there_o grow_v oak_n some_o of_o which_o have_v contain_v ten_o load_n apiece_o out_o of_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o silcester_n in_o hantshire_n which_o seem_v to_o strike_v root_n in_o the_o very_a stone_n and_o even_o in_o our_o renown_v forest_n of_o dean_n itself_o some_o goodly_a oak_n have_v be_v note_v to_o grow_v upon_o ground_n which_o have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o rock_n of_o ancient_a cinder_n bury_v there_o many_o age_n since_o it_o be_v indeed_o observe_v that_o oak_n
which_o grow_v in_o rough_a stony_a ground_n and_o obstinate_a clay_n be_v long_o before_o they_o come_v to_o any_o considerable_a stature_n for_o such_o place_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o clay_n be_v hold_v but_o a_o stepmother_n to_o tree_n but_o in_o time_n they_o afford_v the_o most_o excellent_a timber_n have_v stand_v long_o and_o get_v good_a root_n the_o same_o may_v we_o affirm_v of_o the_o light_a sand_n which_o produce_v a_o smoother-grained_a timber_n of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o useful_a for_o the_o joiner_n but_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o gravel_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v frow_n as_o they_o term_v it_o and_o brittle_a what_o improvement_n the_o stir_v of_o the_o ground_n about_o the_o root_n of_o oak_n be_v to_o the_o tree_n i_o have_v already_o hint_v and_o yet_o in_o copse_n where_o they_o stand_v warm_a and_o so_o thicken_v with_o the_o under_o wood_n as_o this_o culture_n can_v be_v practise_v they_o prove_v in_o time_n to_o be_v goodly_a tree_n i_o have_v of_o late_o try_v the_o graft_n of_o oak_n but_o as_o yet_o with_o slender_a success_n ruellius_n indeed_o affirm_v it_o will_v take_v the_o pear_n and_o other_o fruit_n and_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o poet_n the_o sturdy_a oak_n do_v golden_a apple_n bear_v aurea_fw-la durae_fw-la mala_fw-la feraut_v quercus_fw-la ecl._n 8._o and_o under_o elmes_n swine_n do_v the_o mast_n devour_v glandemque_fw-la sue_v fregere_fw-la sub_fw-la vlmo_fw-la geor._n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o more_o probable_a for_o that_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o oak_n be_v of_o a_o unkind_a tincture_n to_o most_o tree_n but_o for_o this_o improvement_n i_o will_v rather_o advise_v inoculation_n as_o the_o ordinary_a elm_n upon_o the_o witch-hasel_n for_o those_o large_a leaf_n we_o shall_v anon_o mention_v and_o which_o be_v so_o familiar_a in_o france_n 6._o that_o the_o transplant_n of_o young_a oak_n gain_v they_o ten_o year_n advance_v some_o happy_a person_n have_v affirm_v from_o this_o belief_n if_o in_o a_o former_a impression_n i_o have_v desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v and_o produce_v my_o reason_n for_o it_o i_o shall_v not_o persist_v against_o any_o sober_a man_n experience_n and_o therefore_o leave_v this_o article_n to_o their_o choice_n since_o as_o the_o butcher_n phrase_n be_v change_v of_o pasture_n make_v fat_a calf_n and_o so_o transplantation_n of_o these_o hard_a wood-tree_n when_o young_a may_v possible_o by_o a_o happy_a hand_n in_o fit_a season_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o soil_n sun_n and_o room_n for_o growth_n be_v a_o improvement_n but_o as_o for_o those_o who_o advise_v we_o to_o plant_v oak_n of_o too_o great_a a_o stature_n they_o hardly_o make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n in_o a_o age_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v encourage_v it_o unless_o the_o ground_n be_v extraordinary_o qualify_v yet_o if_o any_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o let_v their_o stem_n be_v of_o the_o smooth_a and_o tender_a bark_n for_o that_o be_v ever_o a_o indication_n of_o youth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o circle_n which_o in_o disbranch_a and_o cut_v the_o head_n off_o at_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n height_n a_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o the_o french_a usual_o spare_v when_o they_o transplant_v this_o tree_n may_v before_o you_o stir_v their_o root_n serve_v for_o the_o more_o certain_a guide_n and_o then_o plant_v they_o immediate_o with_o as_o much_o earth_n as_o will_v adhere_v to_o they_o in_o the_o place_n destine_v for_o their_o station_n abate_v only_o the_o tap_n root_n which_o be_v that_o down_o right_n and_o stubby_a part_n of_o the_o root_n which_o all_o tree_n raise_v of_o seed_n do_v universal_o produce_v and_o quicken_a some_o of_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n but_o spare_v the_o fibrous_a which_o be_v the_o main_a sucker_n and_o mouth_n of_o all_o tree_n spread_v they_o in_o the_o foss_n or_o pit_n which_o have_v be_v prepare_v to_o receive_v they_o i_o say_v in_o the_o foss_n unless_o you_o will_v rather_o trench_v the_o whole_a field_n which_o be_v incomparable_o the_o best_a and_o infinite_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o narrow_a pit_n and_o hole_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o case_n you_o plant_v any_o number_n considerable_a the_o earth_n be_v hereby_o make_v loose_a easy_a and_o penetrable_a for_o the_o root_n about_o which_o you_o be_v to_o cast_v that_o mould_n which_o in_o open_v of_o the_o trench_n you_o take_v from_o the_o surface_n and_o purposely_o lay_v apart_o because_o it_o be_v sweet_a mellow_a and_o better_o impregnate_v but_o in_o this_o work_n be_v circumspect_a never_o to_o inter_v your_o stem_n deep_o than_o you_o find_v it_o stand_v for_o profound_a bury_n very_o frequent_o destroy_v a_o tree_n though_o a_o error_n seldom_o observe_v if_o therefore_o the_o root_n be_v sufficient_o cover_v to_o keep_v the_o body_n steady_a and_o erect_a it_o be_v enough_o and_o the_o not_o mind_v of_o this_o trifle_a circumstance_n do_v very_o much_o deceive_v our_o ordinary_a woodman_n for_o most_o root_n covet_v the_o air_n though_o that_o of_o the_o quercus_fw-la urbana_fw-la least_o of_o any_o for_o like_o the_o aeschylus_n how_o much_o to_o heaven_n her_o tower_a head_n ascend_v so_o much_o towards_o hell_n her_o pierce_a root_n extend_v quòd_fw-la quantum_fw-la vertice_fw-la ad_fw-la auras_fw-la aethereas_fw-la tantum_fw-la radicem_fw-la tartara_fw-la tendit_fw-la geo._n 2._o and_o the_o perfection_n of_o that_o do_v almost_o as_o much_o concern_v the_o prosperity_n of_o a_o tree_n as_o of_o man_n himself_o since_o homo_fw-la be_v but_o arbour_n inversa_fw-la which_o prompt_v i_o to_o this_o curious_a but_o important_a advertisement_n that_o the_o position_n be_v likewise_o sedulous_o observe_v 7._o for_o the_o southern_a part_n be_v more_o dilate_v and_o the_o pore_n expose_v as_o evident_o appear_v in_o their_o horizontal_n section_n by_o the_o constant_a excentricity_n of_o their_o hyperbolical_a circle_n be_v now_o on_o the_o sudden_a and_o at_o such_o a_o season_n convert_v to_o the_o north_n do_v starve_v and_o destroy_v more_o tree_n how_o careful_a soever_o man_n have_v be_v in_o order_v the_o root_n and_o prepare_v the_o ground_n than_o any_o other_o accident_n whatsoever_o neglect_n of_o stake_n and_o defend_v from_o cattle_n except_v the_o importance_n whereof_o cause_v the_o best_a of_o poet_n and_o most_o experience_a in_o this_o argument_n give_v advice_n concern_v this_o article_n to_o add_v the_o card'nal_a point_n upon_o the_o bark_n they_o sign_n and_o as_o before_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o same_o line_n place_n to_o warm_a south_n or_o the_o obvert_v polo_fw-la such_o force_n have_v custom_n in_o each_o tender_a soul_n quinetiam_fw-la coeli_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_o cortice_fw-la signant_fw-la ut_fw-la quo_fw-la quaeque_fw-la modo_fw-la steterit_fw-la quâ_fw-la parte_fw-la calores_fw-la austrinos_n tulerit_fw-la quae_fw-la terga_fw-la obverterit_fw-la axi_fw-la restituant_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o teneris_fw-la consuescero_fw-la multum_fw-la est_fw-la geor._n li._n 1._o which_o monition_n though_o pliny_n and_o some_o other_o think_v good_a to_o neglect_v or_o esteem_v indifferent_a i_o can_v confirm_v from_o frequent_a loss_n of_o my_o own_o and_o by_o particular_a trial_n have_v sometime_o transplant_v great_a tree_n at_o midsummer_n with_o success_n the_o earth_n adhere_v to_o the_o root_n and_o miscarry_v in_o other_o where_o this_o circumstance_n only_o be_v omit_v to_o observe_v therefore_o the_o coast_n and_o side_n of_o the_o stock_n especial_o of_o fruit-tree_n be_v not_o such_o a_o trifle_n as_o by_o some_o pretend_a for_o if_o the_o air_n be_v as_o much_o the_o mother_n or_o nurse_n as_o water_n and_o earth_n as_o more_o than_o probable_a it_o be_v such_o blossom_a plant_n as_o court_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o meridian_n sun_n do_v as_o it_o be_v evident_o point_n out_o the_o advantage_n they_o receive_v by_o their_o position_n by_o the_o clearness_n politure_n and_o comparative_a splendour_n of_o the_o south_n side_n and_o the_o frequent_a mossinesse_n of_o most_o tree_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n do_v sufficient_o note_v the_o unkindness_n of_o that_o aspect_n and_o which_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o the_o bark_n of_o oak_n white_a and_o smooth_a the_o tree_n grow_v more_o kind_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o a_o hill_n than_o those_o which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o north_n with_o a_o hard_a dark_a rough_a and_o more_o mossy_a integument_n as_o i_o can_v now_o demonstrate_v in_o a_o prodigious_a coat_n of_o it_o invest_v some_o pyracanth_n which_o i_o have_v remove_v to_o a_o northern_a drip_a shade_n i_o have_v see_v write_v a_o worthy_a friend_n to_o i_o on_o this_o occasion_n whole_a hedgerow_n of_o apple_n and_o pear_n that_o quite_o perish_v after_o that_o shelter_n be_v remove_v the_o good_a husband_n expect_v the_o contrary_a and_o that_o the_o fruit_n shall_v improve_v as_o free_v from_o the_o predation_n of_o the_o hedge_n
11._o some_o advice_n that_o in_o plant_v of_o oak_n etc._n etc._n four_o or_o five_o be_v suffer_v to_o stand_v very_o near_o to_o one_o another_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v the_o most_o prosperous_a when_o they_o find_v the_o rest_n to_o disturb_v his_o growth_n but_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v better_a to_o plant_v they_o at_o such_o distance_n as_o they_o may_v least_o incommode_v one_o another_o for_o timber-tree_n i_o will_v have_v none_o near_o than_o forty_o foot_n where_o they_o stand_v close_a especial_o of_o the_o spread_a kind_n 12._o last_o tree_n of_o ordinary_a stature_n transplant_v be_v first_o well_o water_v must_v be_v sufficient_o stake_v and_o bush_v about_o with_o thorn_n or_o with_o some_o thing_n better_o to_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o from_o the_o casual_a rub_n and_o poisonous_a brut_a of_o cattle_n and_o sheep_n the_o oylinesse_n of_o who_o wool_n be_v also_o very_o noxious_a to_o they_o till_o be_v well_o grow_v and_o fix_v which_o by_o seven_o year_n will_v be_v to_o some_o competent_a degree_n they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o withstand_v all_o accidental_a invasion_n but_o the_o axe_n for_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o their_o prune_v and_o cut_v in_o which_o work_n the_o season_n be_v of_o main_a importance_n 13._o therefore_o if_o you_o will_v propagate_v tree_n for_o timber_n cut_v not_o off_o their_o head_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v too_o busy_a with_o lop_n but_o if_o you_o desire_v shade_n and_o fuel_n or_o bear_v of_o mast_n alone_o lop_v off_o their_o top_n fear_v and_o unthrive_a branch_n only_o if_o you_o intend_v a_o outright_o fell_v expect_v till_o november_n for_o this_o praemature_n cut_v down_o of_o tree_n before_o the_o sap_n be_v perfect_o at_o rest_n will_v be_v to_o your_o exceed_a prejudice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o worm_n which_o will_v certain_o breed_v in_o the_o timber_n which_o be_v fell_v before_o that_o period_n but_o in_o case_n you_o cut_v only_o for_o the_o chimney_n you_o need_v not_o be_v so_o punctual_a as_o to_o the_o time_n yet_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o what_o you_o let_v stand_v observe_v the_o moon_n increase_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v because_o this_o be_v the_o best_a reason_n for_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o you_o do_v not_o fell_a the_o other_o for_o the_o durableness_n of_o the_o timber_n which_o you_o do_v now_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v burn_v be_v not_o so_o material_a for_o last_v as_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v considerable_a for_o the_o timber_n but_o of_o these_o particular_n more_o at_o large_a in_o cap._n 30._o 14._o the_o very_a stump_n of_o oak_n especial_o that_o part_n which_o be_v dry_a and_o above_o ground_n be_v well_o grub_v be_v many_o time_n worth_a the_o pain_n and_o charge_n for_o sundry_a rare_a and_o hard_a work_n and_o where_o timber_n be_v dear_a i_o can_v name_v some_o who_o abandon_v this_o to_o workman_n for_o their_o pain_n only_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o great_a advantage_n repent_v of_o their_o bargain_n and_o undertake_v it_o themselves_o be_v gainer_n above_o half_a i_o wish_v only_o for_o the_o expedition_n of_o this_o knotty_a work_n some_o effectual_a engine_n be_v devise_v such_o as_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v a_o worthy_a person_n of_o this_o nation_n make_v use_v of_o by_o which_o he_o be_v able_a with_o one_o man_n to_o perform_v more_o than_o with_o twelve_o ox_n and_o sure_o there_o may_v be_v much_o do_v by_o fasten_v of_o iron_n hook_n and_o fang_n about_o one_o root_n to_o extract_v another_o the_o hoock_v chain_v to_o some_o portable_a screw_n or_o winch_n i_o say_v such_o a_o invention_n may_v effect_v wonder_n not_o only_o for_o the_o extirpation_n of_o root_n but_o the_o prostrate_v of_o huge_a tree_n that_o small_a engine_n which_o by_o some_o be_v call_v the_o german-devil_n reform_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o due_o apply_v may_v be_v very_o expedient_a for_o this_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v exhibit_v the_o follow_a figure_n and_o submit_v it_o to_o improvement_n a_o the_o hand_n that_o keep_v the_o rope_n b_o close_o upon_o the_o cylinder_n c_o which_o be_v move_v by_o a_o opinion_n of_o three_o or_o four_o tooth_n d_o which_o move_v a_o large_a iron_n wheel_n f._n e_o the_o handle_v put_v upon_o the_o spindle_n of_o the_o opinion_n to_o turn_v it_o withal_o the_o whole_a frame_n be_v let_v into_o a_o big_a piece_n of_o wood_n viz._n h_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o one_o in_o breadth_n and_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o roller_n or_o cylinder_n be_v sustain_v by_o a_o lesser_a block_n of_o wood_n ay_o g_o the_o plate_n which_o hold_v the_o wheel_n and_o opinion_n in_o the_o large_a block_n note_v that_o the_o cylinder_n may_v be_v make_v of_o good_a tough_a iron_n about_o four_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o fourteen_o or_o sixteen_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o the_o tooth_a wheel_n f_o of_o the_o like_a stuff_n and_o of_o a_o thickness_n proportionable_a but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v practise_v only_o where_o you_o design_v a_o final_a extirpation_n for_o some_o have_v draw_v sucker_n even_o from_o a_o old_a stub_n root_n but_o they_o certain_o perish_v by_o the_o moss_n which_o invade_v they_o and_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o grow_v rot_v pliny_n speak_v of_o one_o root_n which_o take_v up_o a_o entire_a acre_n of_o ground_n and_o theophrastus_n describe_v the_o lycean_a platanus_n to_o have_v spread_v a_o hundred_o foot_n if_o so_o the_o argument_n may_v hold_v good_a for_o their_o growth_n after_o the_o tree_n be_v come_v to_o its_o period_n they_o make_v cup_n of_o the_o root_n of_o oak_n heretofore_o and_o such_o a_o curiosity_n athenaeus_n tell_v we_o be_v carve_v by_o thericleus_n himself_o and_o there_o be_v a_o way_n so_o to_o thing_fw-mi oak_n after_o long_o bury_v and_o soak_v in_o water_n which_o give_v it_o a_o wonderful_a politure_n as_o that_o it_o have_v frequent_o be_v take_v for_o a_o course_n ebony_n 15._o there_o be_v not_o in_o nature_n a_o thing_n more_o obnoxious_a to_o deceit_n than_o the_o buy_n of_o tree_n stand_v upon_o the_o reputation_n of_o their_o appearance_n to_o the_o eye_n unless_o the_o chapman_n be_v extraordinary_o judicious_a so_o various_a be_v their_o hide_a and_o conceal_v infirmity_n till_o they_o be_v fell_v and_o saw_v out_o so_o as_o if_o to_o any_o thing_n applicable_a certain_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o do_v more_o perfect_o confirm_v it_o then_o the_o most_o flourish_a outside_n of_o tree_n fonti_fw-la nulla_fw-la fides_fw-la a_o timber-tree_n be_v a_o merchant_n adventurer_n you_o shall_v never_o know_v what_o he_o be_v worth_a till_o he_o be_v dead_a 16._o oak_n be_v in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v special_o qualify_v ready_a to_o be_v cut_v for_o copse_n in_o fourteen_o year_n and_o soon_o i_o compute_v from_o the_o first_o semination_n though_o it_o be_v tell_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o high_a encouragement_n and_o as_o indeed_o it_o merit_v that_o a_o lady_n in_o northamptonshire_n sow_v acorn_n and_o live_v to_o cut_v the_o tree_n produce_v from_o they_o twice_o in_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o both_o as_o well_o grow_v as_o most_o be_v in_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o this_o yet_o be_v certain_a that_o acorn_n set_v in_o hedg-row_n have_v in_o thirty_o year_n bear_v a_o stem_n of_o a_o foot_n diametre_fw-la general_o copps-wood_n shall_v be_v cut_v close_o and_o at_o such_o interval_n as_o the_o growth_n require_v which_o be_v seldom_o constant_a depend_v much_o on_o the_o place_n and_o the_o kind_n the_o mould_n and_o the_o air_n and_o for_o which_o there_o be_v extant_a particular_a statute_n to_o direct_v we_o of_o all_o which_o more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o oak_n for_o tan-bark_n may_v be_v fell_v from_o april_n to_o the_o last_o of_o june_n by_o a_o statute_n in_o the_o 1_o jacobi_n 17._o to_o enumerate_v now_o the_o incomparable_a use_v of_o this_o wood_n be_v needless_a but_o so_o precious_a be_v the_o esteem_n of_o it_o that_o of_o old_a there_o be_v a_o express_a law_n among_o the_o twelve_o table_n concern_v the_o very_a gather_n of_o the_o acorn_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v fallâ—n_n into_o another_o man_n ground_n the_o land_n and_o the_o sea_n do_v sufficient_o speak_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o this_o excellent_a material_a house_n and_o ship_n city_n and_o navy_n be_v build_v with_o it_o and_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o it_o so_o tough_a and_o extreme_o compact_v that_o our_o sharp_a tool_n will_v hardly_o enter_v it_o and_o scarce_o the_o very_a fire_n itself_o in_o which_o it_o consume_v but_o slow_o as_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o ferruginous_a and_o mettallin_a shine_a nature_n proper_a for_o sundry_a robu_v uses_n it_o be_v doubtless_o
over_o they_o and_o water_v they_o when_o need_n require_v be_v rise_v a_o inch_n above_o ground_n refresh_v and_o preserve_v from_o the_o scrape_n of_o bird_n and_o poultry_n comfort_v the_o tender_a seedling_n by_o a_o second_o sieft_v of_o more_o sine_z earth_n to_o establish_v they_o thus_o keep_v they_o clean_o weed_v for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n or_o till_o be_v of_o fit_a stature_n to_o remove_v you_o may_v thin_a and_o transplant_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o you_o be_v direct_v for_o young_a oak_n only_o they_o shall_v nâ—t_v need_n above_o one_o cut_v where_o they_o grow_v less_o regular_a and_o hopeful_a but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o experiment_n of_o some_o curiosity_n obnoxious_a to_o many_o casualty_n and_o that_o the_o produce_v they_o from_o the_o mother-root_n of_o great_a tree_n be_v very_o facile_a and_o expeditious_a beside_o the_o number_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hedgerow_n and_o wood_n of_o all_o plantable_a size_n i_o rather_o advise_v our_o forester_n to_o furnish_v himself_o from_o those_o place_n 3._o the_o sucker_n which_o i_o speak_v of_o be_v produce_v in_o abundance_n from_o the_o root_n whence_o be_v dextrous_o separate_v after_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v well_o loosen_a and_o plant_v about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n they_o will_v grow_v very_o well_o nay_o the_o stub_n only_o which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o ground_n after_o a_o fell_n be_v fence_v in_o as_o far_o as_o the_o root_n extend_v will_v furnish_v you_o with_o plenty_n which_o may_v be_v transplant_v from_o the_o first_o year_n or_o two_o successive_o by_o slip_v they_o from_o the_o root_n which_o will_v continual_o supply_v you_o for_o many_o year_n after_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n have_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o from_o hence_o probable_o be_v spring_v that_o i_o fear_v mistake_v of_o salmasius_n and_o other_o where_o they_o write_v of_o the_o grow_a of_o their_o chip_n i_o suppose_v have_v some_o of_o the_o bark_n on_o scatter_v in_o hew_v of_o their_o timber_n the_o error_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o after_o a_o elm-tree_n have_v be_v fell_v the_o numerous_a sucker_n which_o shoot_v from_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o latent_fw-la root_n seem_v to_o be_v produce_v from_o this_o dispersion_n of_o the_o chip_n let_v this_o yet_o be_v more_o accurate_o examine_v for_o i_o pronounce_v nothing_o magisterial_o since_o it_o be_v so_o confident_o report_v 4._o i_o have_v know_v stake_n sharpen_v at_o the_o end_n for_o other_o purpose_n take_v root_n familiar_o in_o moist_a ground_n and_o become_v tree_n and_o divers_a have_v essay_v with_o extraordinary_a success_n the_o truncheon_n of_o the_o bough_n and_o arm_n of_o elm_n cut_v to_o the_o scantling_n of_o a_o man_n arm_n about_o a_o ell_n in_o length_n these_o must_v be_v chop_v on_o each_o side_n opposite_a and_o lay_v into_o trench_n about_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a cover_v about_o two_o or_o three_o finger_n deep_a with_o good_a mould_n the_o season_n for_o this_o work_n be_v towards_o the_o exit_z of_o january_n or_o early_o in_o february_n if_o the_o frost_n impede_fw-la not_o and_o after_o the_o first_o year_n you_o may_v cut_v or_o see_v the_o truncheon_n off_o in_o as_o many_o place_n as_o you_o find_v cause_n and_o as_o the_o shoot_v and_o root_a sprouts_n will_v direct_v you_o for_o transplantation_n another_o expedient_a for_o the_o propagation_n of_o elm_n be_v this_o let_v trench_n be_v sink_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n viz._n twenty_o or_o thirty_o yard_n from_o such_o tree_n as_o stand_v in_o hedgerow_n and_o in_o such_o order_n as_o you_o desire_v your_o elm_n shall_v grow_v where_o these_o gutter_n be_v many_o young_a elm_n will_v spring_v from_o the_o small_a root_n of_o the_o adjoin_a tree_n divide_v after_o one_o year_n the_o shoot_v from_o their_o mother-root_n which_o you_o may_v dextrous_o do_v with_o a_o sharp_a spade_n these_o transplant_v will_v prove_v good_a tree_n without_o any_o damage_n to_o their_o progenitor_n or_o do_v thus_o lop_v a_o young_a elm_n the_o lop_n be_v about_o three_o year_n growth_n do_v it_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n when_o the_o sap_n begin_v to_o creep_v up_o into_o the_o bough_n and_o the_o bud_n ready_a to_o break_v out_o cut_v the_o bough_n into_o length_n of_o four_o foot_n slant_v leave_v the_o knot_n where_o the_o bud_n seem_v to_o put_v forth_o in_o the_o middle_n interr_fw-la these_o short_a piece_n in_o trench_n of_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o good_a mouâ—d_n well_o tread_v and_o they_o will_v infallible_o produce_v you_o a_o crop_n for_o even_o the_o small_a sucker_n of_o elm_n will_v grow_v be_v set_v when_o the_o sap_n be_v new_o stir_v in_o they_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o four_o way_n no_o less_o expeditious_a and_o frequent_o confirm_v with_o excellent_a success_n bear_v some_o of_o the_o master-root_n of_o a_o vigorous_a tree_n within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o trunk_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o with_o your_o axe_n make_v several_a chap_n put_v a_o small_a stone_n into_o every_o cl_a to_o hinder_v their_o closure_n and_o give_v access_n to_o the_o wet_a then_o cover_v they_o with_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a of_o earth_n and_o thus_o they_o will_v send_v forth_o sucker_n in_o abundance_n i_o assure_v you_o one_o single_a elm_n thus_o well_o order_v be_v a_o fair_a nursery_n which_o after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n you_o may_v separate_v and_o plant_v in_o the_o vlmarium_n or_o place_n design_v for_o they_o and_o which_o if_o it_o be_v in_o plump_n as_o they_o call_v they_o within_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n of_o each_o other_o or_o in_o hedgerow_n it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o elm_n be_v a_o tree_n of_o consort_n sociable_a and_o so_o affect_v to_o grow_v in_o company_n that_o the_o very_o best_o which_o i_o have_v ever_o see_v do_v almost_o touch_v one_o another_o this_o also_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o wind_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o shoot_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n so_o as_o in_o little_a more_o than_o forty_o year_n they_o even_o arrive_v to_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n provide_v they_o be_v sedulous_o and_o careful_o cultivate_v and_o the_o soil_v propitious_a for_o a_o elm_n do_v not_o thrive_v so_o well_o in_o the_o forest_n as_o where_o it_o may_v enjoy_v scope_n for_o the_o root_n to_o dilate_v and_o spread_v at_o the_o side_n as_o in_o hedgerow_n and_o avenue_n where_o they_o have_v the_o air_n likewise_o free_a 5._o there_o be_v beside_o these_o sort_n we_o have_v name_v one_o of_o a_o more_o scabrous_a harsh_a leaf_n but_o very_o large_a which_o become_v a_o huge_a tree_n and_o be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o witch-hazel_n in_o our_o statute_n book_n as_o serve_v former_o to_o make_v long_a bow_n of_o but_o the_o timber_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o first_o more_o vulgar_a but_o the_o bark_n at_o time_n of_o year_n will_v serve_v to_o make_v a_o course_n bast-rope_n with_o 6._o of_o all_o the_o tree_n which_o grow_v in_o our_o wood_n there_o be_v none_o which_o do_v better_o suffer_v the_o transplantation_n than_o the_o elm_n for_o you_o may_v remove_v a_o tree_n of_o twenty_o year_n growth_n with_o undoubted_a success_n it_o be_v a_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v in_o a_o tree_n almost_o as_o big_a more_o as_o my_o waste_n but_o than_o you_o must_v total_o disbranch_v he_o leave_v only_o the_o summit_n entire_a and_o be_v careful_a to_o take_v he_o up_o with_o as_o much_o earth_n as_o you_o can_v refresh_v he_o with_o abundance_n of_o water_n this_o be_v a_o excellent_a and_o expeditious_a way_n for_o great_a person_n to_o plant_v the_o access_n of_o their_o house_n with_o for_o be_v dispose_v at_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o foot_n interval_n they_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n bear_v goodly_a head_n and_o thrive_v to_o admiration_n some_o that_o be_v very_o cautious_a emplaster_n the_o wound_a head_n of_o such_o overgrow_a elm_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o clay_n and_o horse-dung_n bind_v about_o they_o with_o a_o wisp_n of_o hay_n or_o fine_a moss_n and_o i_o do_v not_o reprove_v it_o provide_v they_o take_v care_n to_o temper_v it_o well_o so_o as_o the_o vermin_n nestle_v not_o in_o it_o but_o for_o more_o ordinary_a plantation_n young_a tree_n which_o have_v their_o bark_n smooth_a and_o tender_a about_o the_o scantling_n of_o your_o leg_n and_o their_o head_n trim_v at_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n height_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o cato_n will_v have_v none_o of_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n to_o be_v remove_v till_o they_o be_v five_o or_o six_o finger_n in_o diameter_n other_o think_v they_o can_v take_v they_o too_o young_a but_o experience_n the_o best_a mistress_n tell_v we_o that_o you_o can_v hardly_o plant_v
a_o elm_n too_o big_a there_o be_v who_o pair_v away_o the_o root_n within_o two_o finger_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o quite_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n but_o i_o can_v commend_v this_o extreme_a severity_n no_o more_o than_o i_o do_v the_o strew_v of_o oat_n in_o the_o pit_n which_o ferment_v with_o the_o moisture_n and_o frequent_a watering_n be_v believe_v much_o to_o accelerate_v the_o put_n forth_o of_o the_o root_n not_o consider_v that_o for_o want_v of_o air_n they_o corrupt_v and_o grow_v musty_a which_o more_o frequent_o suffocate_v the_o root_n and_o endanger_v the_o whole_a tree_n 7._o i_o have_v affirm_v how_o patient_a this_o tree_n be_v of_o transplantation_n not_o only_o for_o that_o i_o observe_v so_o few_o of_o they_o to_o grow_v wild_a in_o england_n and_o where_o it_o may_v not_o be_v suspect_v but_o they_o or_o their_o predecessor_n have_v be_v plant_v by_o some_o industrious_a hand_n but_o for_o that_o those_o incomparable_a walk_n and_o vistas_n of_o they_o both_o at_o aranivez_n casa_n del_fw-it campo_n madrid_n the_o escurial_n and_o other_o place_n of_o delight_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o grandee_n of_o spain_n be_v plant_v with_o such_o as_o they_o report_v philip_n the_o second_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o england_n before_o which_o as_o that_o most_o honourable_a person_n the_o earl_n of_o sandwich_n now_o his_o majesty_n ambassador_n extraordinary_a at_o that_o court_n write_v to_o i_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v there_o be_v any_o of_o those_o tree_n in_o all_o spain_n in_o that_o princely_a seat_n it_o be_v that_o double_a row_n of_o they_o be_v plant_v in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o league_n together_o in_o length_n and_o some_o of_o they_o forty_o yard_n high_a which_o be_v keep_v strip_v up_o to_o the_o very_a top_n branch_n which_o must_v needs_o render_v a_o most_o glorious_a and_o agreeable_a effect_n no_o tree_n whatsoever_o become_v long_a walk_n and_o avenue_n comparable_o to_o this_o majestic_a plant_n but_o hear_v it_o as_o sweet_o advise_v as_o describe_v a_o elm_n for_o graceful_a verdure_n bushy_a bough_n a_o lofty_a top_n and_o a_o firm_a rind_n allow_v plant_v elm_n in_o border_n on_o the_o grasse-plot_n list_v branch_n of_o elm_n into_o thick_a arbour_n twist_v a_o gallery_n of_o elm_n draw_v to_o the_o end_n that_o eye_n can_v reach_v or_o a_o breathe_v race_n extend_v ut_fw-la viror_fw-la est_fw-la ulmo_fw-la laetus_fw-la ramique_fw-la comantes_fw-la arduus_fw-la alta_fw-la petens_fw-la &_o levi_fw-la cortice_fw-la truncus_fw-la vlmum_fw-la adhibe_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la quoties_fw-la fundenda_fw-la per_fw-la hortum_fw-la sunt_fw-la serie_fw-la spatia_fw-la ingenti_fw-la texendaque_fw-la totis_fw-la aestivos_fw-la contra_fw-la sole_n umbracula_fw-la campis_fw-la una_fw-la alius_fw-la inter_fw-la texendis_fw-la aptior_fw-la ulmus_fw-la marginibus_fw-la spatiorum_fw-la exornandoque_fw-la vireto_fw-la seque_fw-la adeo_fw-la series_n plano_fw-la super_fw-la aequore_fw-la tendat_fw-la vlmorum_fw-la tractu_fw-la longo_fw-la quantum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la tuentum_fw-la lumina_fw-la vel_fw-la gressus_fw-la valeant_fw-la lustrare_fw-la sequentum_fw-la rapinus_n 8._o the_o elm_n delight_v in_o a_o sound_n sweet_a and_o fertile_a land_n something_o more_o incline_v to_o moisture_n and_o where_o good_a pasture_n be_v produce_v though_o it_o will_v also_o prosper_v in_o the_o gravelly_a provide_v there_o be_v a_o competent_a depth_n of_o mould_n and_o be_v refresh_v with_o spring_n in_o defect_n of_o which_o be_v plant_v on_o the_o very_a surface_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o swarth_a pare_v first_o away_o and_o the_o earth_n stir_v a_o foot_n deep_a or_o more_o they_o will_v undoubted_o succeed_v but_o in_o this_o trial_n let_v the_o root_n be_v handsome_o spread_v and_o cover_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o in_o height_n and_o above_o all_o firm_o stake_v this_o be_v practicable_a also_o for_o other_o tree_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v over_o moist_a or_o unkind_a for_o as_o the_o elm_n do_v not_o thrive_v in_o too_o dry_a sandy_a or_o hot_a ground_n no_o more_o will_v it_o abide_v the_o cold_a and_o spongy_a but_o in_o place_n that_o be_v competent_o fertile_a or_o a_o little_a elevate_v from_o these_o annoyance_n as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o mound_n and_o casting_n up_o of_o ditch_n upon_o who_o bank_n the_o female_a sort_n do_v more_o natural_o delight_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o much_o more_o addict_v to_o some_o place_n than_o to_o other_o that_o i_o have_v frequent_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o pure_a indigene_fw-la or_o translatitious_a and_o not_o only_o because_o i_o have_v hardly_o ever_o know_v any_o considerable_a wood_n of_o they_o beside_o some_o few_o nursery_n near_o cambridge_n plant_v i_o suppose_v for_o store_n but_o almost_o continual_o in_o tuft_n hedgrowe_n and_o mound_n and_o that_o shropshire_n and_o several_a other_o county_n have_v rare_o any_o grow_v in_o many_o mile_n together_o 9_o the_o elm_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o aspire_a and_o taper_a growth_n unless_o it_o be_v top_v to_o enlarge_v the_o branch_n and_o make_v they_o spread_v low_a the_o least_o offensive_a to_o corn_n and_o pasture_n ground_n to_o both_o which_o and_o the_o cattle_n they_o afford_v a_o benign_a shade_n defence_n and_o agreeable_a ornament_n 10._o it_o will_v be_v plant_v as_o shallow_a as_o may_v be_v for_o as_o we_o note_v deep_o inter_v of_o root_n be_v among_o the_o catholic_n mistake_n and_o of_o this_o the_o great_a to_o which_o tree_n be_v obnoxious_a let_v new_o plant_v elm_n be_v keep_v moist_a by_o frequent_a refresh_n upon_o some_o half-rotten_a fern_n or_o litter_n lay_v about_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stem_n the_o earth_n a_o little_a stir_v and_o depress_v for_o the_o better_a reception_n and_o retention_n of_o the_o water_n 11._o last_o your_o plantation_n must_v above_o all_o thing_n be_v careful_o preserve_v from_o cattle_n and_o the_o concussion_n of_o impetuous_a wind_n till_o they_o be_v out_o of_o reach_n of_o the_o one_o and_o sturdy_a enough_o to_o encounter_v the_o other_o 12._o when_o you_o lop_v the_o side-bough_n of_o a_o elm_n which_o may_v be_v about_o january_n for_o the_o fire_n and_o more_o frequent_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v they_o tall_a or_o that_o you_o will_v form_v they_o into_o hedges_n for_o so_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v plash_v and_o thicken_v to_o the_o high_a twig_n afford_v both_o a_o magnificent_a and_o august_a defence_n against_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n i_o say_v when_o you_o trim_v they_o be_v careful_a to_o indulge_v the_o top_n for_o they_o protect_v the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n from_o the_o wet_a which_o always_o invade_v those_o part_n first_o and_o will_v in_o time_n perish_v they_o to_o the_o very_a heart_n so_o as_o elm_n begin_v thus_o to_o decay_v be_v not_o long_o prosperous_a sir_n hugh_n plat_v relate_v as_o from_o a_o expert_a carpenter_n that_o the_o bough_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o elm_n shall_v be_v leave_v a_o foot_n long_o next_o the_o trunk_n when_o they_o be_v lope_v but_o this_o be_v to_o my_o certain_a observation_n a_o very_a great_a mistake_n either_o in_o the_o relator_n or_o author_n for_o i_o have_v note_v many_o elm_n so_o disbranch_a that_o the_o remain_a stub_n grow_v immediate_o hollow_a and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o conduit_n or_o pipe_n to_o hold_v and_o convey_v the_o rain_n to_o the_o very_a body_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o tree_n 13._o there_o be_v a_o cloister_n of_o the_o right_a french_a elm_n in_o the_o little_a garden_n near_o to_o her_o majesty_n the_o queen_n mother_n chapel_n at_o somersethouse_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v plant_v there_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o f.f._n capuchin_n that_o will_v perfect_o direct_v you_o to_o the_o incomparable_a use_n of_o this_o noble_a tree_n for_o shade_n and_o delight_n into_o whatever_o figure_n you_o will_v accustom_v they_o i_o have_v myself_o procure_v some_o of_o they_o from_o paris_n but_o they_o be_v so_o abuse_v in_o the_o transportation_n that_o they_o all_o perish_v save_o one_o which_o now_o flourish_v with_o i_o i_o have_v also_o hear_v of_o graft_n elm_n to_o a_o great_a improvement_n of_o their_o head_n virgil_n tell_v we_o they_o will_v join_v in_o marriage_n with_o the_o oak_n and_o they_o will_v both_o be_v try_v and_o that_o with_o the_o more_o probable_a success_n for_o such_o lignous_a kind_n if_o you_o graft_v under_o the_o earth_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o very_a root_n itself_o which_o be_v likely_a to_o entertain_v the_o cyon_n better_a than_o when_o more_o expose_v till_o it_o be_v well_o fix_v and_o have_v make_v some_o considerable_a progress_n 14._o when_o you_o will_v fell_n let_v the_o sap_n be_v perfect_o in_o repose_n as_o it_o be_v common_o about_o november_n or_o december_n after_o the_o frost_n have_v well_o nip_v they_o i_o have_v already_o allege_v my_o reason_n for_o it_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o both_o oak_n and_o elm_n so_o cut_v the_o very_a
sapling_n whereof_o rafter_n spars_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v will_v continue_v as_o long_o as_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o tree_n without_o decay_n in_o this_o work_n cut_v your_o kerse_n near_o to_o the_o ground_n but_o have_v a_o care_n that_o it_o suffer_v not_o in_o the_o fall_n and_o be_v ruin_v with_o its_o own_o weight_n this_o depend_v upon_o your_o woodmans_n judgement_n in_o disbranch_a and_o be_v a_o necessary_a caution_n to_o the_o felling_n of_o all_o other_o timber-tree_n if_o any_o begin_v to_o dote_v pick_v out_o such_o for_o the_o axe_n and_o rather_o trust_v to_o its_o successor_n 15._o elm_n be_v a_o timber_n of_o most_o singular_a use_n especial_o where_o it_o may_v lie_v continual_o dry_a or_o wet_a in_o extreme_n therefore_o proper_a for_o water-work_n mill_n pipe_n pump_n aqueducts_a ship-plank_n beneath_o the_o waterline_n and_o some_o that_o have_v be_v find_v bury_v in_o bogs_n have_v turn_v like_o the_o most_o polish_a and_o hard_a ebony_n only_o discern_v by_o the_o grain_n also_o for_o wheelwrights_a handle_v for_o the_o single_a handsaw_a the_o knotty_a for_o nave_n the_o straight_a and_o smooth_a for_o axeltree_n and_o the_o very_a root_n for_o curious_o dapple_a work_n scarce_o have_v any_o superior_a for_o kerbs_n of_o copper_n featheridge_n and_o weather-board_n chopping-block_n block_n for_o the_o hatmaker_n trunk_n and_o box_n to_o be_v cover_v with_o leather_n for_o dresser_n and_o shovel-board-table_n of_o great_a length_n and_o a_o lustrous_a colour_n if_o right_o season_v also_o for_o the_o carver_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o grain_n and_o toughness_n which_o fit_v it_o for_o all_o those_o curious_a work_n of_o fruitage_n foleage_v shield_n statue_n and_o most_o of_o the_o ornament_n appertain_v to_o the_o order_n of_o architecture_n and_o for_o not_o be_v much_o subject_n to_o warp_a i_o find_v that_o of_o old_a they_o use_v it_o even_o for_o hinge_n and_o hook_n of_o door_n but_o then_o that_o part_n of_o the_o plank_n which_o grow_v towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o work_n to_o be_v always_o reverse_v but_o beside_o these_o and_o sundry_a other_o employment_n it_o make_v also_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o charcoal_n and_o final_o which_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v the_o use_n of_o the_o very_a leaf_n of_o this_o tree_n especial_o of_o the_o female_a be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v for_o be_v suffer_v to_o dry_a in_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o the_o spray_n stripe_v off_o about_o the_o decrease_n in_o august_n as_o also_o where_o the_o sucker_n and_o stolone_n be_v super-numerary_a and_o hinder_v the_o thrive_a of_o their_o nurse_n they_o will_v prove_v a_o great_a relief_n to_o cattle_n in_o winter_n and_o scorch_a summer_n when_o hay_n and_o fodder_n be_v dear_a they_o will_v eat_v they_o before_o oat_n and_o thrive_v exceed_o well_o with_o they_o remember_v only_o to_o lay_v your_o bough_n up_o in_o some_o dry_a and_o sweet_a corner_n of_o your_o barn_n it_o be_v for_o this_o the_o poet_n praise_v they_o and_o the_o epithet_n be_v advise_v fruitful_a in_o leaf_n the_o elm._n foecundae_fw-la frondibus_fw-la vlmi_fw-la georg._n 2._o in_o some_o part_n of_o herefordshire_n they_o gather_v they_o in_o sack_n for_o their_o swine_n and_o other_o cattle_n according_a to_o this_o husbandry_n but_o i_o hear_v a_o ill_a report_n of_o they_o for_o bee_n that_o surfeit_v of_o the_o bloom_a seed_n they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o lask_n at_o their_o first_o go_v abroad_o in_o spring_n which_o endanger_v whole_a stockâ—_n if_o remedy_n be_v not_o timely_o adhibit_v therefore_o it_o be_v say_v in_o great_a elm_n country_n they_o do_v not_o thrive_v but_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o i_o be_o yet_o to_o learn_v the_o green_a leaf_n of_o the_o elm_n contuse_v heal_v a_o green_a wound_n or_o cut_v and_o boil_a with_o the_o bark_n consolidate_n fracture_v bone_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o beech._n 1._o the_o beech_n fagus_n of_o two_o or_o three_o kind_n and_o number_v among_o the_o glandiferous_a tree_n beech_n i_o rank_v here_o before_o the_o martial_a ash_n because_o it_o common_o grow_v to_o a_o great_a stature_n but_o here_o i_o may_v not_o omit_v a_o note_n of_o the_o accurate_a critis_n palmerius_n 9_o upon_o a_o passage_n in_o theophrastus_n where_o he_o animadvert_v upon_o his_o interpreter_n and_o show_v that_o the_o ancient_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v by_o no_o mean_n the_o beech_n but_o a_o kind_n of_o oak_n for_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v so_o wide_o unlike_o it_o that_o be_v round_o this_o triangular_a and_o both_o theophrastus_n and_o pausanias_n make_v it_o indeed_o a_o species_n of_o oak_n arcad._n whole_o differ_v in_o trunk_n as_o well_o as_o fruit_n and_o leaf_n to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o determine_v the_o controversy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o firm_a timber_n not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v so_o confident_o be_v say_v of_o the_o beech._n yet_o la_fw-fr cerda_n too_o seem_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o mistake_n but_o leave_v this_o there_o be_v of_o our_o fagi_fw-la too_o or_o three_o kind_n with_o we_o the_o mountain_n where_o it_o most_o affect_v to_o grow_v which_o be_v the_o white_a and_o most_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o turner_n and_o the_o campestral_a or_o wild_a which_o be_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o more_o durable_a they_o be_v both_o to_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o mast_n and_o govern_v like_o the_o oak_n of_o which_o ample_o and_o that_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a way_n of_o furnish_v a_o wood_n but_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v plant_v of_o young_a seedling_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fruitful_a tree_n abound_v in_o transplant_n they_o cut_v off_o only_o the_o bough_n and_o bruise_a part_n two_o inch_n from_o the_o stem_n to_o within_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o top_n but_o be_v very_o spare_v of_o the_o root_n this_o for_o such_o as_o be_v of_o pretty_a stature_n they_o make_v spread_a tree_n and_o noble_a shade_n with_o their_o well-furnished_a and_o glister_a leaf_n be_v set_v at_o forty_o foot_n distance_n but_o they_o grow_v tall_a and_o more_o upright_o in_o the_o forest_n where_o i_o have_v behold_v they_o at_o eight_o and_o ten_o foot_n shoot_v into_o very_o long_a pole_n but_o neither_o so_o apt_a for_o timber_n nor_o fuel_n in_o the_o valley_n where_o they_o stand_v warm_a and_o in_o consort_n they_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o stupendous_a procerity_n though_o the_o soil_n be_v stony_a and_o very_a barren_a also_o upon_o the_o declivity_n side_n and_o top_n of_o high_a hill_n and_o chalky_a mountain_n especial_o for_o they_o will_v strange_o insinuate_v their_o root_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o those_o seem_o impenetrable_a place_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o fir_n itself_o which_o with_o this_o so_o common_a tree_n the_o great_a caesar_n deny_v to_o be_v find_v in_o britanny_n materia_fw-la cujusque_fw-la generis_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o gallia_n praeter_fw-la fagum_fw-la &_o abietem_fw-la but_o certain_o from_o a_o grand_a mistake_n or_o rather_o for_o that_o he_o have_v not_o travel_v much_o up_o into_o the_o country_n virgil_n report_v it_o will_v graft_v with_o the_o chestnut_n 2._o the_o beech_n serve_v for_o various_a use_v of_o the_o housewife_n hence_o in_o the_o world_n best_a year_n the_o humble_a shed_n be_v happy_o and_o full_o furnish_v beech_n make_v their_o chest_n their_o bed_n and_o the_o joyn'd-stool_n beech_n make_v the_o board_n the_o platter_n and_o the_o bowl_n hinc_fw-la olim_fw-la juvenis_fw-la mundi_fw-la melioribus_fw-la annis_fw-la fortunatarum_fw-la domuum_fw-la non_fw-la magna_fw-la supeliex_n tota_n petebatur_fw-la sellas_fw-la armaria_n lectos_fw-la et_fw-la mensas_fw-la dabat_fw-la &_o lance_n &_o pocula_fw-la fagus_n etc._n etc._n couleij_fw-la pl._n l._n 6._o with_o it_o the_o turner_n make_v dish_n tray_n rimb_n for_o bucket_n and_o other_o utensil_n trencher_n dresser-board_n etc._n etc._n likewise_o for_o the_o wheeler_n joyner_n and_o upholster_n for_o sellye_n chair_n stool_n bedstead_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o bellows-maker_n and_o husbandman_n his_o shovel_n and_o spade-graffs_a float_v for_o fisher_n net_n instead_o of_o cork_n be_v make_v of_o its_o bark_n for_o fuel_n billet_v bavin_n and_o coal_n though_o one_o of_o the_o least_o last_a not_o to_o omit_v even_o the_o very_a shave_n for_o the_o fine_v of_o wine_n peter_n cresentius_n write_v that_o the_o ash_n of_o beech_n with_o proper_a mixture_n be_v excellent_a to_o make_v glass_n with_o if_o the_o timber_n lie_v altogether_o under_o water_n it_o be_v little_a inferior_a to_o elm_n as_o i_o find_v it_o practise_v and_o assert_v by_o shipwright_n of_o old_a they_o make_v their_o vasa_n vindimiatoria_n and_o corbes_n messoriae_n as_o we_o our_o pot_n for_o strawberry_n with_o the_o
spain_n they_o keep_v shripe_v up_o close_o to_o the_o stem_n and_o plant_v they_o in_o close_a order_n and_o moist_a place_n these_o they_o cut_v above_o the_o knot_n for_o the_o least_o nodosity_n spoil_v all_o in_o the_o decrease_n of_o january_n which_o be_v of_o the_o late_a for_o we_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o ash_n will_v not_o only_o receive_v its_o own_o kind_n but_o graft_v or_o be_v inoculate_v with_o the_o pear_n and_o apple_n but_o to_o what_o improvement_n i_o know_v not_o 3._o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n convenient_a to_o plant_v ash_n in_o plow-land_n for_o the_o root_n will_v be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o coulter_n and_o the_o shade_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v malignant_a to_o corn_n when_o the_o head_n and_o branch_n over-drip_a it_o but_o in_o hedge-rowe_n and_o plump_n they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o where_o they_o may_v be_v dispose_v at_o nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n distance_n and_o sometime_o near_o but_o in_o plant_v of_o a_o whole_a wood_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o tree_n for_o timber_n every_o three_o set_v at_o least_o will_v be_v a_o ash_n the_o best_a ash_n delight_v in_o the_o best_a land_n which_o it_o will_v soon_o impoverish_v yet_o grow_v in_o any_o so_o it_o be_v not_o over-wet_a and_o approach_v to_o the_o marshy_a unless_o it_o be_v first_o well_o drain_v by_o the_o bank_n of_o sweet_a and_o crystal_n rivers_n and_o stream_n i_o have_v observe_v they_o to_o thrive_v infinite_o one_o may_v observe_v as_o manifest_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o timber_n of_o ash_n as_o of_o the_o oak_n much_o more_o than_o be_v find_v in_o any_o one_o kind_a of_o elm_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la for_o so_o the_o ground-ash_n like_o the_o oak_n much_o excel_v a_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n for_o strength_n and_o toughness_n and_o in_o yet_o far_o emulation_n of_o the_o oak_n it_o have_v be_v know_v to_o prove_v as_o good_a and_o last_a timber_n for_o building_n nay_o prefer_v before_o it_o where_o there_o have_v be_v plenty_n of_o oak_n vast_a difference_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o ground_n and_o quarter_v ash_n it_o be_v likewise_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ash_n like_o the_o cork_n tree_n grow_v when_o the_o bark_n be_v quite_o peel_a off_o as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o several_a forest_n where_o the_o deer_n have_v bare_v they_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v climb_v some_o ash_n be_v curious_o camlete_v and_o vein_a i_o say_v so_o different_o from_o other_o timber_n that_o our_o skilful_a cabinet-maker_n prize_v it_o equal_a with_o ebony_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o green_a ebony_n which_o the_o customer_n pay_v well_o for_o and_o when_o our_o woodman_n light_a upon_o it_o they_o may_v make_v what_o money_n they_o will_v of_o it_o but_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o that_o curious_a lustre_n so_o as_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o most_o curious_o diaper_v olive_n they_o varnish_v their_o work_n with_o the_o china-varnish_a hereafter_o describe_v which_o infinite_o excel_v iâ—ynseed-oyl_n that_o cardan_n so_o commend_v speak_v of_o this_o root_n 4._o the_o use_n of_o ash_n be_v next_o to_o that_o of_o the_o oak_n itself_o one_o of_o the_o most_o universal_a it_o serve_v the_o soldier_n &_o fraxinus_n utilis_fw-la hastis_fw-la ovid._n the_o carpenter_n wheel-wright_n cart-wright_n for_o plough_n axel_n tree_n wheelring_n harrow_n bull_n oar_n the_o best_a block_n for_o pullys_n and_o sheffs_n as_o seaman_n name_v they_o also_o for_o the_o cooper_n turner_n and_o thatcher_n nothing_o like_o it_o for_o our_o garden_n palisad-hedge_n hop-yard_n pole_n and_o spars_n handle_n stock_n for_o tool_n spade-tree_n etc._n etc._n in_o sum_n the_o husbandman_n can_v be_v without_o the_o ash_n for_o his_o cart_n ladder_n and_o other_o tackle_n from_o the_o pike_n to_o the_o blow_n spear_n and_o bow_n for_o of_o ash_n be_v they_o former_o make_v and_o therefore_o reckon_v among_o those_o wood_n which_o after_o long_a tension_n have_v a_o natural_a spring_n and_o recover_v its_o position_n so_o as_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n it_o be_v a_o wood_n in_o high_a request_n there_o be_v extract_v a_o oil_n from_o the_o ash_n by_o the_o process_n on_o other_o wood_n which_o be_v excellent_a to_o recover_v the_o hear_n some_o drop_n of_o it_o be_v distil_v warm_a into_o the_o ear_n and_o for_o the_o carry_v or_o rot_v of_o the_o bone_n toothache_n pain_n in_o the_o kidney_n and_o spleen_n the_o anoint_v therewith_o be_v most_o sovereign_a last_o the_o white_a and_o rot_a dotard_n part_n compose_v a_o ground_n for_o our_o gallant_n sweet-powder_n and_o the_o truncheon_n make_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o the_o most_o durable_a coal_n and_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o sweet_a of_o our_o forest-fuelling_a and_o the_o fit_a for_o lady_n chamber_n to_o conclude_v the_o very_a dead_a leaf_n afford_v like_o those_o of_o the_o elm_n relief_n to_o our_o cattle_n in_o winter_n and_o there_o be_v a_o dwarf_n sort_n in_o france_n if_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v not_o as_o i_o suspect_v our_o witchen-tree_n who_o berry_n feed_v the_o poor_a people_n in_o scarce_a year_n but_o it_o bear_v no_o key_n like_a to_o we_o which_o be_v pickle_v tender_a afford_v a_o delicate_a salading_n but_o the_o shade_n of_o the_o ash_n be_v not_o to_o be_v endure_v because_o it_o produce_v a_o noxious_a insect_n and_o for_o display_v themselves_o so_o very_o late_o and_o fall_v very_o early_o not_o to_o be_v plant_v for_o vmbrage_n or_o ornament_n especial_o near_o the_o garden_n since_o beside_o their_o predatitious_a root_n the_o deciduous_a leaf_n descend_v with_o so_o long_a a_o stalk_v be_v draw_v by_o cluster_n into_o the_o worm_n hole_n which_o foul_a the_o ally_n with_o their_o fall_a key_n and_o sudden_o infect_v the_o ground_n note_v that_o the_o season_n for_o fell_v of_o this_o tree_n must_v be_v when_o the_o sap_n be_v full_o at_o rest_n for_o if_o you_o cut_v it_o down_o too_o early_o or_o over_o late_a in_o the_o year_n it_o will_v be_v so_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n as_o great_o to_o prejudice_v the_o timber_n therefore_o to_o be_v sure_a fall_v not_o till_o the_o three_o midwinter_n month_n begin_v about_o november_n i_o be_o astonish_v at_o the_o universal_a confidence_n of_o all_o our_o botanist_n that_o a_o serpent_n will_v rather_o creep_v into_o the_o fire_n than_o over_o a_o twig_n of_o ash_n this_o be_v a_o old_a imposture_n of_o plinys_n who_o either_o take_v it_o up_o upon_o trust_n or_o we_o mistake_v the_o tree_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o chestnut_n 1._o the_o next_o be_v the_o chestnut_n chess-nut_n castanea_n of_o which_o pliny_n reckon_v many_o kind_n especial_o about_o tarentum_n and_o naples_n but_o we_o commend_v those_o of_o portugal_n or_o bayone_n choose_v the_o large_a brown_a and_o most_o ponderous_a for_o fruit_n such_o as_o pliny_n call_v coctivae_n but_o the_o lesser_a one_o to_o raise_v for_o timber_n they_o be_v produce_v best_o by_o sow_v previous_a to_o which_o let_v the_o nut_n be_v first_o spread_v to_o sweat_n then_o cover_v they_o in_o sand_n a_o month_n be_v past_a plunge_v they_o in_o water_n reject_v the_o swimmer_n be_v dry_v for_o thirty_o day_n more_o sand_n they_o again_o and_o to_o the_o water-ordeal_a as_o before_o be_v thus_o treat_v till_o the_o beginning_n of_o spring_n or_o in_o november_n set_v they_o as_o you_o will_v do_v bean_n and_o as_o some_o practice_n it_o drench_v for_o a_o night_n or_o more_o in_o new_a milk_n they_o shall_v be_v put_v into_o the_o hole_n with_o the_o point_n upmost_a as_o you_o plant_v tulip_n pliny_n will_v tell_v you_o they_o come_v not_o up_o unless_o four_o or_o five_o be_v pile_v together_o in_o a_o hole_n but_o that_o be_v false_a if_o they_o be_v good_a as_o you_o may_v presume_v all_o those_o to_o be_v which_o pass_v this_o examination_n nor_o will_v any_o of_o they_o fail_v but_o be_v come_v up_o they_o thrive_v best_a unremoved_a make_v a_o great_a stand_n for_o at_o least_o two_o year_n upon_o every_o transplant_n yet_o if_o need_v you_o must_v alter_v their_o station_n let_v it_o be_v do_v about_o november_n and_o that_o into_o a_o light_n friable_a ground_n or_o moist_a gravel_n however_o they_o will_v grow_v even_o in_o clay_n sand_n and_o all_o mix_a soil_n upon_o expose_v and_o bleak_a place_n and_o the_o pendent_a declivity_n of_o hill_n to_o the_o north_n in_o dry_a airy_a place_n and_o sometime_o near_a marsh_n and_o water_n but_o they_o affect_v no_o other_o compost_n save_o what_o their_o own_o leaf_n afford_v they_o and_o be_v more_o patient_a of_o cold_a than_o heat_n 2._o if_o you_o desire_v to_o set_v they_o in_o winter_n or_o autumn_n i_o counsel_v you_o to_o inter_v they_o within_o their_o husk_n which_o be_v every_o way_n arm_v be_v a_o good_a
belly_n though_o without_o any_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o i_o can_v learn_v and_o yet_o some_o condemn_v they_o as_o dangerous_a for_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o gravel_n in_o the_o kidney_n the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v they_o be_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o earthen_a vessel_n in_o a_o cold_a place_n some_o lay_v they_o in_o a_o smoke-loft_n other_o in_o dry_a barly-straw_n other_o in_o sand_n etc._n etc._n the_o leaf_n of_o the_o chess-nut_n tree_n make_v very_o wholesome_a mattrass_n to_o lie_v on_o and_o they_o be_v good_a litter_n for_o cattle_n but_o those_o leafie-bed_n for_o the_o crackle_n noise_n they_o make_v when_o one_o turn_n upon_o they_o the_o french_a call_n lict_v the_o parliament_n last_o the_o flower_n of_o chessnut_n make_v into_o a_o electuary_n with_o honey_n be_v a_o approve_a remedy_n against_o spit_a blood_n and_o the_o cough_n and_o a_o decoction_n of_o the_o rind_n of_o the_o tree_n tincture_n hair_n of_o a_o golden_a colour_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o walnut_n walnut_n 1._o jvglan_n quasi_fw-la jovis_n glans_fw-la the_o walnut_n be_v of_o several_a sort_n the_o soft_a shell_n and_o the_o hard_a the_o white_a and_o the_o black_a grain_n this_o black_a bear_v the_o worst_a nut_n but_o the_o timber_n much_o to_o be_v prefer_v and_o we_o may_v propagate_v more_o of_o they_o if_o we_o be_v careful_a to_o procure_v they_o out_o of_o virginia_n where_o they_o abound_v or_o from_o grenoble_n which_o our_o cabinet-maker_n so_o prize_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o walnut_n kernel_n wrap_v in_o its_o own_o leaf_n be_v careful_o take_v out_o of_o its_o shell_n bring_v a_o nut_n without_o shell_n but_o this_o be_v a_o trifle_n the_o best_a way_n to_o elevate_v they_o be_v to_o set_v they_o as_o you_o do_v the_o chess-nut_n be_v plant_v of_o the_o nut_n or_o set_v at_o the_o distance_n you_o will_v have_v he_o stand_v for_o which_o they_o may_v be_v prepare_v by_o beat_v they_o off_o the_o tree_n as_o be_v prescribe_v of_o the_o chessnut_n some_o day_n before_o they_o quit_v the_o branch_n of_o themselves_o and_o keep_v in_o their_o husk_n or_o without_o they_o till_o spring_n or_o by_o bed_v they_o be_v dry_a in_o sand_n or_o good_a earth_n till_o march_v from_o the_o time_n they_o fall_v or_o be_v beat_v off_o the_o tree_n or_o if_o before_o they_o be_v set_v with_o husk_n and_o all_o upon_o they_o for_o the_o extreme_a bitterness_n thereof_o be_v most_o exitial_a and_o deadly_a to_o worm_n or_o it_o be_v good_a to_o strew_v some_o furze_n break_v or_o chop_v small_a under_o the_o ground_n among_o they_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o mouse_n and_o rat_n when_o their_o shell_n begin_v to_o wax_v tender_a especial_o if_o as_o some_o you_o supple_a they_o a_o little_a in_o warm_a cow_n milk_n but_o be_v treat_v as_o before_o you_o will_v find_v they_o already_o sprout_v and_o have_v need_v only_o to_o be_v plant_v where_o they_o be_v to_o abide_v because_o as_o we_o say_v long_o since_o they_o be_v most_o impatient_a of_o transplant_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o remove_v let_v your_o tree_n be_v about_o four_o year_n old_a and_o then_o by_o no_o mean_n touch_v the_o head_n with_o your_o knife_n nor_o cut_v away_o so_o much_o as_o the_o very_a tap-root_n if_o you_o can_v well_o dispose_v of_o it_o since_o be_v of_o a_o pithy_a and_o hollow_a substance_n the_o least_o diminution_n or_o bruise_v will_v great_o endanger_v the_o kill_n but_o see_v here_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o chess-nut_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o the_o very_a top_n and_o palish_a bud_n of_o this_o tree_n when_o it_o first_o sprout_n though_o as_o late_o as_o april_n will_v take_v hold_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o grow_v to_o a_o incredible_a improvement_n but_o first_o they_o steep_v they_o in_o milk_n and_o saffron_n but_o this_o attempt_n do_v not_o succeed_v with_o we_o yet_o it_o will_v be_v propagate_v by_o a_o branch_n slip_v off_o with_o some_o of_o the_o old_a wood_n and_o set_v in_o february_n a_o industrious_a and_o very_a experience_a husbandman_n tell_v i_o that_o if_o they_o be_v transplant_v as_o big_a as_o one_o middle_a it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_a than_o when_o young_a i_o do_v only_o report_v it_o what_o they_o hint_n of_o put_v a_o tile-shard_a under_o the_o nut_n when_o first_o set_v to_o divaricate_v and_o spread_v the_o root_n which_o be_v otherwise_o apt_a to_o penetrate_v very_o deep_a i_o like_v well_o enough_o it_o be_v say_v they_o will_v receive_v their_o own_o cyon_n be_v graff_v but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o improve_v their_o fruit_n the_o best_a compost_n be_v the_o strew_v of_o ash_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o salt_n whereof_o be_v wash_v into_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o best_a dress_v whilst_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o fall_v leaf_n though_o it_o kill_v the_o worm_n be_v noxious_a to_o the_o root_n 2._o the_o walnut_n delight_v in_o a_o dry_a sound_a and_o rich_a land_n especial_o if_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o feed_a chalk_n or_o marle_n and_o where_o it_o may_v be_v protect_v from_o the_o cold_a though_o it_o affect_v cold_a rather_o then_o extreme_a heat_n as_o in_o great_a pit_n valley_n and_o highway_n side_n also_o in_o stonie-ground_n and_o on_o hill_n especial_o chalky_a likewise_o in_o cornfield_n thus_o burgundy_n abound_v with_o they_o where_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o goodly_a wheat-land_n at_o sixty_o and_o a_o hundred_o foot_n distance_n and_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o hurt_v the_o crop_n that_o they_o look_v on_o they_o as_o a_o great_a preserver_n by_o keep_v the_o ground_n warm_a nor_o do_v the_o root_n hinder_v the_o blow_n when_o ever_o they_o fall_v a_o tree_n which_o be_v only_o the_o the_o old_a and_o decay_a they_o always_o plant_v a_o young_a one_o near_o he_o and_o in_o several_a place_n betwixt_o hanaw_n and_o francfort_n in_o germany_n no_o young_a farmer_n whatsoever_o be_v permit_v to_o marry_v a_o wife_n till_o he_o bring_v proof_n that_o he_o have_v plant_v and_o be_v a_o father_n of_o such_o a_o state_v number_n of_o walnut-tree_n as_o the_o law_n be_v inviolable_o observe_v to_o this_o day_n for_o the_o extraordinary_a benefit_n which_o this_o tree_n afford_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o in_o truth_n be_v this_o timber_n in_o great_a plenty_n among_o we_o we_o shall_v have_v far_o better_a utensil_n of_o all_o sort_n for_o our_o house_n as_o chair_n stool_n bedstead_n table_n wainscot_n cabinet_n etc._n etc._n in_o stead_n of_o the_o more_o vulgar_a beech_n subject_n to_o the_o worm_n weak_a and_o unsightly_a but_o which_o to_o counterfeit_v and_o deceive_v the_o unwary_a they_o wash_v over_o with_o a_o decoction_n make_v of_o the_o green_a husk_n of_o walnut_n etc._n etc._n i_o say_v have_v we_o store_n of_o this_o material_a we_o shall_v find_v a_o incredible_a improvement_n in_o the_o more_o stable_a furniture_n of_o our_o house_n as_o in_o the_o first_o frugal_a and_o better_a day_n of_o rome_n when_o table_n make_v here_o at_o home_n those_o time_n behold_v of_o our_o own_o wood_n for_o that_o same_o purpose_n fell_v old_a walnut_n blow_v down_o when_o the_o wind_n set_v east_n sr._n r._n stapylton_n illa_fw-la domi_fw-la natas_fw-la nostraque_fw-la ex_fw-la arbore_fw-la mensas_fw-la tempora_fw-la viderunt_fw-la hos_fw-la lignum_fw-la stabat_fw-la in_o usus_fw-la annosam_fw-la si_fw-la fortè_fw-la nucem_fw-la dejecerat_fw-la enrus_fw-la juv._n l._n 4._o sat._n 11._o for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v cut_v in_o that_o season_n it_o will_v not_o have_v prove_v so_o sound_a as_o we_o show_v in_o our_o chapter_n of_o felling_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mensae_n nucinae_fw-la be_v once_o in_o price_n even_o before_o the_o citrin_n as_o strabo_n note_n and_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o beautiful_a than_o some_o plank_n and_o work_n which_o i_o have_v behold_v of_o it_o especial_o that_o which_o come_v from_o grenoble_n of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o beautiful_a and_o esteem_v 3._o they_o render_v most_o graceful_a avenue_n to_o our_o country_n dwelling_n and_o do_v excellent_o near_o hedgerow_n but_o have_v need_n be_v plant_v at_o forty_o or_o fifty_o foot_n interval_n for_o they_o affect_v to_o spread_v both_o their_o root_n and_o branch_n the_o bergstras_fw-la which_o extend_v from_o heidelberg_n to_o darmstadt_n be_v all_o plant_v with_o walnut_n for_o so_o by_o another_o ancient_a law_n the_o bordurer_n be_v oblige_v to_o nurse_v up_o and_o take_v care_n of_o they_o and_o that_o chief_o for_o their_o ornament_n and_o shade_n so_o as_o a_o man_n may_v ride_v for_o many_o mile_n about_o that_o country_n under_o a_o continue_a arbour_n or_o close-walk_a the_o traveller_n both_o refresh_v with_o the_o fruit_n and_o the_o shade_n which_o some_o have_v causeless_o defame_v for_o its_o ill_a effect_n
grating_n of_o old_a and_o hard_a nut_n first_o peel_v into_o their_o tart_n and_o other_o meat_n for_o the_o oil_n one_o bushel_n of_o nut_n will_v yield_v fifteen_o pound_n of_o peel_v and_o clear_a kernel_n and_o that_o half_a as_o much_o oil_n which_o the_o soon_o be_v draw_v be_v the_o more_o in_o quantity_n though_o the_o dryer_n the_o nut_n the_o better_a in_o quality_n the_o lees_n or_o marc_n of_o the_o press_v be_v excellent_a to_o fatten_v hog_n with_o after_o the_o nut_n be_v beat_v down_o the_o leaf_n will_v be_v swepe_v into_o heap_n and_o carry_v away_o because_o their_o extreme_a bitterness_n impair_v the_o ground_n and_o as_o i_o be_o assure_v prejudices_fw-la the_o tree_n the_o green_a husk_n boil_a make_v a_o good_a colour_n to_o die_v a_o dark_a yellow_a without_o any_o mixture_n and_o the_o distillation_n of_o its_o leaf_n with_o honey_n and_o urine_n make_v hair_n spring_n in_o bald-head_n beside_o its_o use_n in_o the_o famous_a salernitan_a antidote_n if_o the_o kernel_n a_o little_a masticated_a be_v apply_v to_o the_o bite_n of_o a_o suspect_a mad-dog_n and_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v three_o hour_n be_v cast_v to_o poultry_n they_o will_v die_v if_o they_o eat_v of_o it_o in_o italy_n when_o a_o country_n man_n find_v any_o pain_n in_o his_o side_n he_o drink_v a_o pint_n of_o the_o fresh_a oil_n of_o this_o nut_n and_o find_v immediate_a ease_n the_o kernel_n be_v rub_v upon_o any_o crack_n or_o chink_n of_o a_o leak_a or_o crazy_a vessel_n stop_v it_o better_o than_o either_o clay_n pitch_n or_o wax_n in_o france_n they_o eat_v they_o blanch_v and_o fresh_a with_o wine_n and_o salt_n have_v first_o cut_v they_o out_o of_o the_o shell_n before_o they_o be_v harden_v with_o a_o short_a broad_a brasse-knife_n because_o iron_n rust_v and_o these_o they_o call_v cernois_n from_o their_o manner_n of_o scoop_v they_o out_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o mulberry_n 1._o morus_n the_o mulberry_n mulberry_n it_o may_v possible_o be_v wonder_v by_o some_o why_o we_o shall_v insert_v this_o tree_n among_o our_o forest_n inhabitant_n but_o we_o shall_v soon_o reconcile_v our_o industrious_a planter_n when_o he_o come_v to_o understand_v the_o incomparable_a benefit_n of_o it_o and_o that_o for_o its_o timber_n durableness_n and_o use_v for_o the_o joiner_n and_o carpenter_n and_o to_o make_v hoop_n bow_n wheel_n and_o even_a rib_n for_o small_a vessel_n in_o stead_n of_o oak_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o fruit_n and_o the_o leaf_n have_v not_o the_o due_a value_n with_o we_o which_o they_o diserved_o enjoy_v in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o but_o it_o be_v not_o here_o i_o will_v recommend_v our_o ordinary_a black_a fruit_n bearer_n though_o that_o be_v likewise_o worth_a the_o propagation_n but_o that_o kind_a which_o be_v call_v the_o white_a mulberry_n one_o of_o they_o of_o a_o broad_a leaf_n find_v in_o province_n who_o seed_n be_v procure_v from_o paris_n where_o they_o have_v it_o from_o avignion_n shall_v be_v thus_o treat_v in_o the_o seminary_n 3._o in_o country_n where_o they_o cultivate_v they_o for_o the_o silkworm_n and_o other_o use_n they_o sow_v the_o perfect_o mature_a berrys_n of_o a_o tree_n who_o leave_n have_v not_o be_v gather_v these_o they_o shake_v down_o upon_o a_o old_a sheet_n spread_v under_o the_o tree_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o gravel_n and_o ordure_n which_o will_v hinder_v you_o from_o discern_v the_o seed_n if_o they_o be_v not_o ripe_a lay_v they_o to_o mature_a upon_o shelf_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n till_o they_o corrupt_v to_o prevent_v which_o turn_v they_o daily_o then_o put_v they_o in_o a_o fine_a siev_n and_o plunge_v it_o in_o water_n bruise_v they_o with_o your_o hand_n do_v this_o in_o several_a water_n then_o change_v they_o in_o other_o clear_a water_n and_o the_o seed_n will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n whilst_o the_o pulp_n swim_v and_o must_v be_v take_v off_o careful_o this_o do_v lay_v they_o to_o dry_v in_o the_o sun_n upon_o a_o linen_n cloth_n for_o which_o one_o hour_n be_v sufficient_a than_o van_n and_o sieft_n it_o from_o the_o husk_n and_o reserve_v it_o till_o the_o season_n this_o be_v the_o process_n of_o curious_a person_n but_o the_o sow_v of_o ripe_a mulberry_n themselves_o be_v altogether_o as_o good_a and_o from_o the_o excrement_n of_o hog_n and_o even_a dog_n that_o will_v frequent_o eat_v they_o they_o will_v rise_v abundant_o note_v that_o in_o sow_v the_o berry_n it_o be_v good_a to_o squash_n and_o bruise_v they_o with_o fine_a siefted_a mould_n and_o if_o it_o be_v rich_a and_o of_o the_o old_a bed_n so_o much_o the_o better_o they_o will_v be_v inter_v well_o moisten_a and_o cover_v with_o straw_n and_o then_o rare_o water_v till_o they_o peep_v or_o you_o may_v squeeze_v the_o ripe_a berrys_n in_o rope_n of_o hair_n or_o bast_n and_o bury_v they_o as_o be_v prescribe_v for_o hip_n and_o haw_n the_o earth_n in_o which_o you_o sow_v they_o shall_v be_v fine_a mould_n and_o as_o rich_a as_o for_o melon_n raise_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o area_n as_o they_o make_v the_o bed_n for_o ordinary_a potherb_n to_o keep_v they_o loose_v and_o warm_a and_o in_o such_o bed_n you_o may_v sow_v seed_n as_o you_o do_v purslane_n mingle_v with_o some_o fine_a earth_n and_o thin_o cover_v and_o then_o for_o a_o fortnight_n strew_v over_o with_o straw_n to_o protect_v they_o both_o from_o sudden_a heat_n and_o from_o bird_n the_o season_n be_v april_n or_o may_n though_o some_o forbear_v even_o till_o july_n and_o august_n and_o in_o the_o second_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o wether_n calm_a and_o serene_a at_o the_o beginning_n keep_v they_o moderate_o fresh_a not_o over_o wet_a and_o clean_o weed_v secure_v from_o the_o rigour_n of_o frost_n the_o second_o year_n of_o their_o growth_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n or_o early_a spring_n draw_v they_o gentle_o out_o prune_v the_o root_n and_o dip_v they_o a_o little_a in_o pond-water_n transplant_v they_o in_o a_o warm_a place_n or_o nursery_n it_o be_v best_a range_v they_o in_o drill_v two_o foot_n large_a and_o one_o in_o depth_n each_o rill_n three_o foot_n distance_n and_o each_o plant_v two_o and_o if_o thus_o the_o new_a earth_n be_v somewhat_o low_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o rest_n it_o will_v the_o better_o receive_v the_o rain_n be_v plant_v cut_v they_o all_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n water_v they_o not_o in_o winter_n but_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o when_o the_o weather_n be_v warm_a and_o then_o do_v it_o in_o the_o morning_n in_o this_o cold_a season_n you_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o cover_v the_o ground_n with_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n straw_n or_o short_a litty_a to_o keep_v they_o warm_a and_o every_o year_n you_o shall_v give_v they_o three_o dress_n or_o half_a digging_n viz._n in_o april_n june_n and_o in_o august_n this_o for_o the_o first_o year_n still_o after_o rain_n the_o second_o spring_n after_o transplant_n purge_v they_o of_o all_o superfluous_a shoot_n and_o stion_n reserve_v only_o the_o most_o towardly_a for_o the_o future_a stem_n this_o to_o be_v do_v yearly_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o nursery_n and_o if_o of_o the_o principal_a stem_n so_o leave_v the_o frost_n mortify_v any_o part_n cut_v it_o off_o and_o continue_v this_o government_n till_o they_o be_v near_o six_o foot_n high_a after_o which_o suffer_v they_o to_o spread_v into_o head_n by_o discreet_o prune_v and_o fashion_v they_o but_o if_o you_o plant_v where_o cattle_n may_v endanger_v they_o the_o stem_n have_v need_n be_v tall_a for_o they_o be_v extreme_o liquorish_a of_o the_o leaf_n 4._o when_o now_o they_o be_v about_o five_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v transplant_v they_o without_o cut_v the_o root_n provide_v you_o irradicate_v they_o with_o care_n only_o trim_v the_o head_n a_o little_a the_o season_n be_v from_o september_n to_o november_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o if_o the_o hole_n or_o pit_n you_o set_v they_o in_o be_v dug_n and_o prepare_v some_o month_n before_o it_o will_v much_o secure_v their_o take_n some_o cast_a horn_n bone_n shell_n etc._n etc._n into_o they_o the_o better_a to_o loosen_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o which_o shall_v be_v rich_a and_o well_o refresh_v all_o summer_n a_o light_n and_o dry_a mould_n be_v best_a well_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n which_o above_o all_o thing_n this_o tree_n affect_v and_o hate_v watery_a low_a ground_n in_o sum_n they_o thrive_v best_a where_o vine_n prosper_v most_o who_o society_n they_o exceed_o cherish_v nor_o do_v they_o less_o delight_n to_o be_v among_o corn_n no_o way_n prejudice_v it_o with_o its_o shade_n the_o distance_n for_o these_o standard_n will_v be_v twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o foot_n
wet_a sand_n and_o stony_a marsh_n and_o bog_n the_o water-gall_n and_o uliginous_a part_n of_o forest_n that_o hardly_o bear_v any_o grass_n do_v many_o time_n spontaneous_o produce_v it_o in_o abundance_n whether_o the_o place_n be_v high_a or_o low_a and_o nothing_o come_v amiss_o to_o it_o plant_v the_o small_a twig_n or_o sucker_n have_v root_n and_o after_o the_o first_o year_n cut_v they_o within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o surface_n this_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o sprout_v in_o strong_a and_o lusty_a tuft_n fit_a for_o coppse_n and_o spring-wood_n or_o by_o reduce_v they_o to_o one_o stem_n render_v they_o in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n fit_a for_o the_o turner_n for_o 2._o though_o birch_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o worst_a of_o timber_n yet_o have_v it_o its_o various_a use_n as_o for_o the_o husbandman_n ox-yoke_n also_o for_o hoop_n panier_n broom_n wand_n bavin_n band_n and_o wythe_n for_o faggot_n and_o claim_v a_o memory_n for_o arrow_n bolt_n shaft_n our_o old_a english_a artillery_n also_o for_o dish_n bowl_n ladle_n and_o other_o domestic_a utensil_n in_o the_o good_a old_a day_n of_o more_o simplicity_n yet_o of_o better_a and_o true_a hospitality_n also_o for_o fuel_n great_a and_o small-coal_n which_o last_o be_v make_v by_o char_v the_o slender_a brush_n and_o summity_n of_o the_o twig_n as_o of_o the_o top_n and_o lopping_n m._n howard_n new_a tan_v the_o inner_a silken-bark_n be_v ancient_o use_v for_o writing-table_n even_o before_o the_o invention_n of_o paper_n and_o of_o the_o outward_a thick_a and_o courser_n part_n be_v divers_a house_n in_o russia_n and_o those_o poor_a northern_a tract_n cover_v in_o stead_n of_o slate_n and_o tyle_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o cardan_n that_o some_o birch-root_n be_v so_o very_o extravagant_o rein_a as_o to_o represent_v the_o shape_v and_o image_n of_o beast_n bird_n tree_n and_o many_o other_o pretty_a resemblance_n last_o of_o the_o white_a part_n of_o the_o old_a wood_n find_v common_o in_o dote_a birche_n be_v make_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o gallant_n sweet-powder_n and_o of_o the_o quite_o consume_v and_o rot_v such_o as_o we_o find_v reduce_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o red_a earth_n in_o superexannuated_a hollow-tree_n be_v get_v the_o best_a mould_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o divers_a seedling_n of_o the_o rare_a plant_n and_o flower_n to_o say_v nothing_o here_o of_o the_o magisterial_a fasces_fw-la for_o which_o ancient_o the_o gudgel_n be_v use_v by_o the_o lictor_n as_o now_o the_o gentle_a rod_n by_o our_o tyrannical_a paedagogue_n 3._o i_o shall_v here_o add_v the_o use_n of_o the_o water_n too_o have_v i_o full_a permission_n to_o tamper_v with_o all_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o tree_n but_o if_o the_o sovereign_a effect_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o this_o despicable_a tree_n supply_v its_o other_o defect_n which_o make_v some_o judge_n it_o unworthy_a to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o catalogue_n of_o wood_n to_o be_v propagate_v i_o may_v for_o once_o be_v permit_v to_o play_v the_o empiric_n and_o to_o gratify_v our_o laborious_a woodman_n with_o a_o draught_n of_o his_o own_o liquor_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o these_o kind_n of_o secret_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o cultivate_v and_o ingenious_a planter_n will_v by_o all_o mean_n be_v encourage_v to_o make_v more_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o the_o indian_n and_o other_o nation_n have_v do_v on_o their_o palm_n and_o tree_n of_o several_a kind_n to_o their_o great_a emolument_fw-fr the_o mystery_n be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n when_o the_o bud_n begin_v to_o be_v proud_a and_o turgid_a with_o a_o chizel_n and_o a_o mallet_n cut_v a_o slit_n almost_o as_o deep_a as_o the_o very_a pith_n under_o some_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o well_o spread_a birch_n cut_v it_o oblique_a and_o not_o long-waye_n as_o a_o good_a chirurgeon_n will_v make_v his_o orifice_n in_o a_o vein_n insert_v a_o small_a stone_n or_o chip_n to_o keep_v the_o lip_n of_o the_o wound_n a_o little_a open_a sir_n hugh_n plat_v give_v a_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o gather_n of_o sap_n and_o tapping_n of_o tree_n will_v have_v it_o do_v within_o one_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o first_o rind_n take_v off_o and_o then_o the_o white_a bark_n slit_v overthwart_o no_o far_o then_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n moreover_o that_o this_o wound_n be_v make_v only_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n which_o respect_v the_o south_n west_n or_o between_o those_o quarter_n because_o say_v he_o little_a or_o no_o sap_n rise_v from_o the_o northern_a in_o this_o slit_n by_o the_o help_n of_o your_o knife_n to_o open_v it_o he_o direct_v that_o a_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v insert_v first_o fit_v to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o slit_n from_o which_o the_o sap_n will_v distil_v in_o manner_n of_o filtration_n take_v away_o the_o leaf_n and_o the_o bark_n will_v close_v again_o a_o little_a earth_n be_v clap_v to_o the_o slit_n thus_o the_o knight_n for_o any_o tree_n but_o we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o the_o birch_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v fasten_v therefore_o a_o bottle_n or_o some_o such_o convenient_a vessel_n appendant_a this_o do_v the_o effect_n as_o well_o as_o perforation_n or_o tapping_z out_o of_o this_o aperture_n will_v extil_v a_o limpid_a and_o clear_a water_n retain_v a_o obscure_a smack_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o odor_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o which_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v will_v in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n preponderate_a and_o outweigh_v the_o whole_a tree_n itself_o body_n and_o root_n which_o if_o it_o be_v constant_a and_o so_o happen_v likewise_o in_o other_o tree_n be_v not_o only_o stupendous_a but_o a_o experiment_n worthy_a the_o consideration_n of_o our_o profound_a philosopher_n a_o ex_fw-la sola_fw-la aqua_fw-la fiunt_fw-la arbores_n whether_o water_n only_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o vegetable_n and_o consequent_o of_o tree_n for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o we_o know_v of_o no_o tree_n which_o do_v more_o copious_o attract_v be_v it_o that_o so_o much_o celebrate_v spirit_n of_o the_o world_n as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o form_n of_o water_n as_o some_o or_o a_o certain_a specifique_a liquor_n rich_o impregnate_v with_o this_o balsamical_a property_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o magnes_n in_o this_o simple_a tree_n as_o do_v manifest_o draw_v to_o itself_o some_o occult_a and_o wonderful_a virtue_n be_v notorious_a nor_o be_v it_o conceivable_a indeed_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o efficacy_n of_o that_o liquor_n which_o distil_v from_o the_o bowl_n or_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n near_o to_o the_o root_n where_o sir_n hugh_n will_v celebrate_v the_o incision_n and_o that_o which_o weep_v out_o from_o the_o more_o sublime_a branch_n more_o impregnate_v with_o this_o astral_a virtue_n as_o not_o so_o near_o the_o root_n which_o seem_v to_o attract_v rather_o a_o cruder_n and_o more_o common_a water_n through_o few_o strainer_n and_o neither_o so_o pure_a and_o aërial_a as_o in_o those_o refine_a percolation_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n where_o these_o tree_n delight_v to_o grow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n lofty_a dry_a and_o barren_a consider_v but_o i_o refer_v these_o disquisition_n to_o the_o learned_a especial_o as_o mention_v by_o that_o incomparable_a philosopher_n and_o my_o most_o noble_a friend_n the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n in_o his_o second_o part_n of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n sect._n 1_o essay_n 3d._o where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o manna_n del_fw-it corpo_fw-it or_o trunk-manna_n as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o liquor_n from_o the_o bough_n so_o of_o the_o sura_n which_o the_o coco-tree_n afford_v and_o that_o polonian_a secret_a of_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o wallnut-tree_n root_n with_o a_o encouragement_n of_o more_o frequent_a experiment_n to_o educe_v saccharine_n substance_n upon_o these_o occasion_n but_o the_o book_n be_v publish_v so_o long_o since_o this_o discourse_n be_v first_o ready_a i_o have_v only_o here_o the_o liberty_n to_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o one_o of_o the_o best_a entertainment_n in_o the_o world_n 4._o but_o whilst_o this_o second_o edition_n be_v now_o under_o my_o hand_n there_o come_v to_o i_o divers_a paper_n upon_o this_o subject_n experimental_o make_v by_o a_o worthy_a friend_n of_o i_o a_o learned_a and_o most_o industrious_a person_n which_o i_o have_v here_o once_o resolve_v to_o have_v publish_v according_a to_o the_o generous_a liberty_n grant_v i_o for_o so_o do_v but_o understand_v he_o be_v still_o in_o pursuit_n of_o that_o useful_a and_o curious_a secret_n i_o change_v my_o resolution_n into_o a_o earnest_a address_n that_o he_o will_v communicate_v it_o to_o the_o world_n himself_o together_o with_o those_o other_o excellent_a inquiry_n and_o observation_n which_o he_o be_v
that_o some_o tree_n afford_v a_o much_o more_o generous_a wine_n than_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o coco_n and_o palmeto_n tree_n they_o chap_v a_o bough_n as_o we_o do_v the_o betula_n but_o in_o the_o date_n make_v the_o incision_n with_o a_o chisel_n in_o the_o body_n very_o neat_o in_o which_o they_o stitch_v a_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o a_o lingula_fw-la to_o direct_v it_o into_o the_o appendent_a vessel_n which_o the_o subjoined_a figure_n represent_v and_o illustrate_v with_o its_o improvement_n to_o our_o former_a discourse_n note_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fit_a arm_n the_o hole_n thus_o oblique_o perforate_v and_o a_o faucet_n or_o pipe_n insert_v will_v lead_v the_o sap_n into_o the_o recipient_a a._n b._n the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n g._n bore_v at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o arm_n f._n join_v to_o the_o stem_n with_o a_o augre_v of_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o diameter_n according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o tree_n c._n a_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n bend_v down_o into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bottle_n e._n to_o conduct_v the_o liquor_n into_o it_o d._n the_o string_n about_o the_o arm_n f._n by_o which_o the_o bottle_n hang_v 8._o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o birch_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v all_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n etc._n without_o the_o danger_n of_o its_o acrimony_n most_o powerful_a for_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n helmont_n show_v how_o to_o make_v a_o beer_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v a_o most_o rich_a cordial_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n or_o reins_o this_o wine_n exquisite_o make_v be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n as_o it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n 9_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o stir_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winy_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spiritous_a drink_n which_o beside_o the_o former_a virtue_n be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n and_o do_v wonder_n for_o cure_v of_o the_o ptisick_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n in_o stead_n of_o honey_n lbj_fw-la to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raisin-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v 10._o but_o beside_o these_o beech_n alder_n ash_n elder_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v attempt_v for_o liquor_n thus_o crab_n and_o even_o our_o very_a bramble_n may_v possible_o yield_v we_o medical_a and_o useful_a wine_n the_o poplar_n be_v heretofore_o esteem_v more_o physical_a than_o the_o betula_n the_o sap_n of_o the_o oak_n juice_n or_o decoction_n of_o the_o inner_a bark_n cure_v the_o fashion_n or_o farcy_n a_o virulent_a and_o dangerous_a infirmity_n in_o horse_n and_o which_o like_o cancer_n be_v repute_v incurable_a by_o any_o other_o topic_n than_o some_o actual_a or_o potential_a cautery_n but_o what_o be_v more_o noble_a a_o dear_a friend_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o that_o a_o country_n neighbour_n of_o his_o at_o least_o fourscore_o year_n of_o age_n who_o have_v lie_v sick_a of_o a_o bloody_a strangury_n which_o by_o cruel_a torment_n reduce_v he_o to_o the_o very_a article_n of_o death_n be_v under_o god_n recover_v to_o perfect_a and_o almost_o miraculous_a health_n and_o strength_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o fall_v stout_o to_o his_o labour_n by_o one_o sole_a draught_n of_o beer_n wherein_o be_v the_o decoction_n of_o the_o internal_a bark_n of_o the_o oak-tree_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o composition_n of_o a_o admirable_a sudorific_a and_o diuretic_n for_o all_o affection_n of_o the_o liver_n out_o of_o the_o like_a of_o the_o elm_n which_o may_v yet_o be_v drink_v daily_o as_o our_o cophee_n be_v and_o with_o no_o less_o delight_n but_o quack_a be_v not_o my_o trade_n i_o speak_v only_o here_o as_o a_o plain_a husband_n man_n and_o a_o simple_a forester_n out_o of_o the_o limit_n whereof_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o unpardonable_o transgress_v pan_n be_v a_o physician_n and_o he_o you_o know_v be_v precedent_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o hazel_n hasel_n 1._o nvx_n sylvestris_n or_o corylus_fw-la the_o hazel_n be_v best_a raise_v from_o the_o nut_n which_o you_o shall_v sow_v like_o mast_n in_o a_o pretty_a deep_a furrow_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o february_n light_a ground_n may_v immediate_o be_v sow_v and_o harrow_v in_o very_o accurate_o but_o in_o case_n the_o mould_n be_v clay_n plough_n it_o early_o and_o let_v it_o be_v sufficient_o mellow_v with_o the_o frost_n and_o then_o the_o three_o year_n cut_v your_o tree_n near_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o sharp_a bill_n the_o moon_n decrease_v 2._o but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o grove_n for_o pleasure_n plant_v they_o in_o foss_n at_o a_o yard_n distance_n and_o cut_v they_o within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o earth_n dress_v they_o for_o three_o or_o four_o spring_n and_o autumn_n by_o only_o loosen_v the_o mould_n a_o little_a about_o their_o root_n other_o there_o be_v who_o set_v the_o nut_n by_o hand_n at_o one_o foot_n distance_n to_o be_v transplant_v the_o three_o year_n at_o a_o yard_n asunder_o but_o this_o work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o nut_n fall_v till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v because_o they_o be_v exceed_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o frost_n nor_o will_v they_o sprout_v till_o the_o spring_n beside_o vermine_n be_v great_a devourer_n of_o they_o preserve_v they_o therefore_o moist_a not_o mouldy_a by_o lay_v they_o in_o their_o own_o dry_a leaf_n or_o in_o sand_n till_o january_n hasel_n from_o set_v and_o sucker_n take_v plantis_fw-la &_o durae_fw-la coryli_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la georg_n 2._o 3._o from_o whence_o they_o thrive_v very_o well_o the_o shoot_v be_v of_o the_o scantling_n of_o small_a wand_n and_o switch_n or_o somewhat_o big_a and_o such_o as_o have_v draw_v divers_a hairy_a twigg_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v disbranched_a no_o more_o than_o their_o root_n unless_o by_o a_o very_a spare_v and_o discreet_a hand_n thus_o your_o coryletum_n or_o copse_n of_o hasel_n be_v plant_v about_o autumn_n may_v as_o some_o practise_v it_o be_v cut_v within_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o spring_n follow_v which_o the_o new_a cyon_n will_v sudden_o repair_v in_o cluster_n and_o tuft_n of_o fair_a pole_n of_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o thirty_o foot_n long_o but_o i_o rather_o shall_v spare_v they_o till_o two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v take_v strong_a hold_n and_o may_v be_v cut_v close_o to_o the_o very_a earth_n the_o improsperous_a and_o feeble_a one_o especial_o thus_o be_v likewise_o filbert_n to_o be_v treat_v both_o of_o they_o improve_v much_o by_o transplant_n but_o chief_o by_o graft_n and_o it_o will_v be_v try_v with_o filbert_n and_o even_o with_o almond_n themselves_o for_o more_o elegant_a experiment_n 4._o for_o the_o place_n they_o above_o all_o affect_v cold_a barren_a dry_a and_o sandy_a ground_n also_o mountain_n and_o even_o rocky_a soil_n produce_v they_o but_o more_o plentiful_o if_o somewhat_o moist_a dankish_a and_o mossy_a as_o in_o the_o fresh_a bottom_n and_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o in_o hedge-rowe_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v for_o coppse_n may_v after_o twelve_o year_n be_v fell_v the_o first_o time_n the_o next_o at_o seven_o or_o eight_o etc._n etc._n for_o by_o this_o period_n their_o root_n will_v be_v complete_o vigorous_a you_o may_v plant_v they_o from_o october_n to_o january_n provide_v you_o keep_v they_o careful_o weed_v till_o they_o have_v take_v fast_o hold_v 5._o the_o use_n of_o the_o hazel_n be_v for_o pole_n spars_n hoop_n fork_n angle_a rod_n faggot_n
for_o which_o celerity_n we_o may_v recommend_v they_o to_o such_o late_a builder_n as_o seat_v their_o house_n in_o naked_a and_o unsheltered_a place_n and_o that_o will_v put_v a_o guise_n of_o antiquity_n upon_o any_o new_a enclosure_n since_o by_o these_o while_o a_o man_n be_v in_o a_o voyage_n of_o no_o long_a continuance_n his_o house_n and_o land_n may_v be_v so_o cover_v as_o to_o be_v hardly_o know_v at_o his_o return_n but_o as_o they_o thus_o increase_v in_o bulk_n their_o value_n as_o the_o italian_a poplar_n have_v teach_v we_o advance_v likewise_o which_o after_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n be_v annual_o worth_a twelve_o penny_n more_o so_o as_o the_o dutch_a look_n upon_o a_o plantation_n of_o these_o tree_n as_o a_o ample_a portion_n for_o a_o daughter_n and_o none_o of_o the_o least_o effect_n of_o their_o good_a husbandry_n which_o true_o may_v very_o well_o be_v allow_v if_o that_o calculation_n hold_v which_o the_o knight_n have_v assert_v who_o begin_v his_o plantation_n not_o long_o since_o about_o richmond_n that_o 30_o lib._n be_v lay_v out_o in_o these_o plant_n will_v render_v at_o the_o least_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n in_o eighteen_o year_n every_o tree_n afford_v thirty_o plant_n and_o every_o of_o they_o thirty_o more_o after_o each_o seven_o year_n improve_n twelve_o penny_n in_o growth_n till_o they_o arrive_v to_o their_o acme_n 7._o the_o black_a poplar_n grow_v rare_o with_o we_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a and_o tall_a tree_n than_o the_o white_a the_o leave_v more_o dark_a and_o not_o so_o ample_a divers_a stately_a one_o of_o these_o i_o remember_v about_o the_o bank_n of_o po_n in_o italy_n which_o river_n be_v the_o old_a eridanus_n so_o celebrate_v by_o the_o poet_n in_o which_o the_o temerarious_a phaeton_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v precipitate_v doubtless_o give_v argument_n to_o that_o fiction_n of_o his_o sad_a sister_n metamorphosis_n into_o these_o tree_n but_o for_o the_o amber_n of_o their_o precious_a tear_n i_o can_v hear_v of_o no_o such_o matter_n while_o pass_v down_o that_o river_n towards_o ferrara_n i_o divert_v myself_o with_o this_o story_n of_o the_o ingenious_a poet._n i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v a_o mountain_n poplar_n much_o propagate_v in_o germany_n about_o vienna_n and_o in_o bohemia_n of_o which_o some_o tree_n have_v yield_v plank_n of_o a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n 8._o the_o best_a use_n of_o the_o poplar_n and_o abele_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o hospitable_a tree_n for_o any_o thing_n thrive_v under_o their_o shade_n be_v for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n about_o ground_n which_o be_v situate_v low_a and_o near_o the_o water_n till_o come_v to_o be_v very_o old_a they_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v knurry_n and_o out_o of_o proportion_n the_o timber_n be_v incomparable_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o white_a wooden_a vessel_n as_o tray_n bowl_n and_o other_o turner_n ware_n and_o of_o especial_a use_n for_o the_o bellows-maker_n because_o it_o be_v almost_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cork_n though_o not_o very_o solid_a yet_o very_o close_o also_o for_o wooden_a heel_n etc._n etc._n vitruvius_n l._n 2._o de_fw-la materia_fw-la caedenda_fw-la reckon_v it_o among_o the_o building_n timber_n quae_fw-la maximè_fw-la in_o aedificiis_fw-la sunt_fw-la idoneae_fw-la likewise_o to_o make_v cart_n because_o it_o be_v exceed_o light_a for_o vine_n and_o hop-prop_n and_o divers_a viminious_a work_n the_o lopping_n in_o january_n be_v for_o the_o fire_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o have_v proper_a ground_n may_v with_o ease_n and_o in_o short_a time_n store_n themselves_o for_o a_o considerable_a family_n where_o fuel_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o burn_v untoward_o and_o rather_o moulder_n away_o than_o maintain_v any_o solid_a heat_n of_o the_o twig_n with_o the_o leaf_n on_o be_v make_v broom_n the_o brya_fw-la or_o catkin_n attract_v the_o bee_n as_o do_v also_o the_o leaf_n especial_o of_o the_o black_a more_o tenacious_a of_o the_o melâ—dews_n then_o most_o other_o forest-tree_n the_o oak_n except_v of_o the_o aspen_n our_o woodman_n make_v hoop_n firewood_n and_o coal_n etc._n etc._n the_o juice_n of_o poplar_n leave_v drop_v into_o the_o ear_n assuage_n the_o pain_n and_o the_o bud_n contuse_v and_o mix_v with_o honey_n be_v a_o good_a collyrium_n for_o the_o eye_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o alder._n 1._o alnus_fw-la alder._n the_o alder_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o faithful_a lover_n of_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n and_o those_o most_o despise_v weep_v part_n or_o water-gall_n of_o forest_n crassisque_fw-la paludibus_fw-la alni_fw-la they_o be_v propagate_v of_o truncheon_n and_o will_v come_v of_o seed_n for_o so_o they_o raise_v they_o in_o flanders_n and_o make_v wonderful_a profit_n of_o the_o plantation_n like_o the_o poplar_n or_o of_o root_n which_o i_o prefer_v be_v set_v as_o big_a as_o the_o small_a of_o one_o leg_n and_o in_o length_n about_o two_o foot_n whereof_o one_o will_v be_v plunge_v in_o the_o mud_n this_o profound_a fix_v of_o aquatic_a tree_n be_v to_o preserve_v they_o steady_a and_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o violence_n of_o water_n in_o their_o liquid_a and_o slippery_a foundation_n they_o may_v be_v place_v at_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n distance_n and_o when_o they_o have_v strike_v root_n you_o may_v cut_v they_o which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o spring_v in_o clump_n and_o to_o shoot_v out_o into_o many_o useful_a pole_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v small_a set_v cut_v they_o not_o till_o they_o be_v arrive_v to_o some_o competent_a bigness_n and_o that_o in_o a_o proper_a season_n which_o be_v for_o all_o the_o aquatics_n not_o till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o pithy_a substance_n therefore_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o before_o that_o period_n aught_o to_o be_v well-grown_a and_o fall_v with_o the_o early_a and_o in_o the_o first_o quarter_n of_o the_o increase_a moon_n that_o so_o the_o successive_a shoot_n receive_v no_o prejudice_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o way_n of_o plant_v alder_n after_o the_o jersey_n manner_n and_o as_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o a_o most_o ingenious_a gentleman_n of_o that_o country_n which_o be_v by_o take_v truncheon_n of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n long_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o to_o bind_v they_o in_o faggot_n and_o place_v the_o end_n of_o they_o in_o water_n till_o towards_o the_o spring_n by_o which_o season_n they_o will_v have_v contract_v a_o swell_a spire_n or_o knurr_n about_o that_o part_n which_o be_v set_v do_v like_o the_o gennet-moil_n apple_n never_o fail_v of_o grow_v and_o strike_v root_n there_o be_v a_o black_a sort_n more_o affect_v to_o wood_n and_o dry_a ground_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o husband_n who_o take_v excessive_a pain_n in_o stub_v up_o their_o alder_n where_o ever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o boggy_a place_n of_o their_o ground_n with_o the_o same_o indignation_n as_o one_o will_v exstirpate_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o weed_n and_o when_o they_o have_v finish_v know_v not_o how_o to_o convert_v their_o best_a land_n to_o more_o profit_n than_o this_o â—eeming_v despicable_a plant_n may_v lead_v they_o to_o be_v it_o right_o understand_v beside_o the_o shadow_n of_o this_o tree_n do_v feed_v and_o nourish_v the_o very_a grass_n which_o grow_v under_o it_o and_o be_v set_v and_o well_o plash_v be_v a_o excellent_a defence_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o river_n so_o as_o i_o wonder_v it_o be_v not_o more_o practise_v about_o the_o thames_n to_o fortify_v and_o prevent_v the_o moulder_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o violent_a weather_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o 3._o you_o may_v cut_v aquatic-tree_n every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o some_o more_o frequent_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o they_o shall_v also_o be_v abate_v within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o principal_a head_n to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o the_o main_a stock_n and_o beside_o to_o accelerate_v their_o sprout_v in_o set_v the_o truncheon_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o prepare_v they_o a_o little_a after_o they_o be_v fit_v to_o the_o size_n by_o lay_v they_o a_o while_n in_o water_n this_o be_v also_o practicable_a in_o willow_n etc._n etc._n 4._o of_o old_a they_o make_v boat_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o except_v noah_n ark_n the_o first_o vessel_n we_o read_v of_o be_v make_v of_o this_o wood._n when_o hollow_a alder_n first_o the_o water_n try_v tunc_fw-la alnos_fw-la primum_fw-la fluvii_fw-la sensêre_fw-la cavatas_fw-la georg._n 1._o and_o down_o the_o rapid_a po_n light_a aldar_n glide_v nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o torrentem_fw-la undam_fw-la levis_fw-la innatat_fw-la alnus_fw-la missa_fw-la pado_n 2._o and_o as_o then_o so_o now_o be_v overgrow_v alder_n frequent_o seek_v after_o for_o such_o
be_v not_o five_o thousand_o oak_n worth_a the_o fence_n and_o the_o inspection_n of_o a_o hayward_n and_o shall_v man_n doubt_v to_o plant_v and_o careful_a be_v et_fw-fr dabitant_n homines_fw-la serere_fw-la atque_fw-la impendere_fw-la curam_fw-la georg._n 2._o let_v we_o therefore_o shut_v up_o what_o we_o have_v thus_o laborious_o plant_v with_o some_o good_a quickset_a hedge_n which_o all_o country_n bear_v in_o every_o ground_n as_o denizen_n or_o enterlope_a find_v from_o garden_n and_o till_v field_n expel_v yet_o there_o on_o the_o extreme_n stand_v up_o and_o claim_v a_o share_n nor_o mastiff-dog_n nor_o pikeman_n can_v be_v find_v a_o better_a fence_n to_o the_o enclose_a ground_n such_o breed_v the_o rough_a and_o hardy_a canton_n rear_v and_o into_o all_o adjacent_a land_n prefer_v tough_a rugged_a churl_n and_o for_o the_o battle_n fit_a who_o court_n and_o state_n with_o compliment_n or_o wit_n to_o civilize_v nor_o to_o instruct_v pretend_v but_o with_o stout_a faithful_a service_n to_o defend_v this_o tyrant_n know_v full_a well_o nor_o more_o confide_v on_o guard_n that_o serve_v less_o for_o defence_n than_o pride_n their_o person_n safe_a they_o do_v not_o judge_v amiss_o and_o realm_n commit_v to_o their_o guard_n of_o swiss_n omne_fw-la solum_fw-la natale_fw-la est_fw-la intrat_fw-la ubique_fw-la ardelio_fw-la illa_fw-la quidem_fw-la culiis_fw-la excluditur_fw-la agris_fw-la plerumque_fw-la atque_fw-la hortis_fw-la sed_fw-la circumsepit_fw-la utrosque_fw-la atque_fw-la omnes_fw-la adytus_fw-la seruat_fw-la fidissima_fw-la custos_fw-la vtilior_fw-la latrante_fw-la cane_n armatoque_fw-la priapo_n aspera_fw-la frigoribus_fw-la saxisque_fw-la helvetia_n tale_z educat_fw-la &_o peregis_fw-la terras_fw-la emittit_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la enorme_n durósque_fw-la viros_fw-la sed_fw-la fortia_fw-la bellâ—_n pectora_fw-la non_fw-la illi_fw-la cultu_fw-la non_fw-la moribus_fw-la aulas_fw-la atque_fw-la urbes_fw-la decorare_fw-la valent_fw-la sed_fw-la utrasque_fw-la fideli_fw-la defendunt_fw-la opera_fw-la nec_fw-la iis_fw-la gens_fw-la cauta_fw-la tyranni_fw-la praeponunt_fw-la speciosa_fw-la magis_fw-la multúmque_fw-la sonora_fw-la praefidia_n his_o certi_fw-la vitam_fw-la tutantur_fw-la opesque_fw-la etc._n etc._n couleii_n pl._n l._n 6._o for_o so_o the_o ingenious_a poet_n have_v metamorphose_a he_o and_o i_o can_v not_o withstand_v he_o quicksets_a 4._o the_o hei-thorne_n and_o indeed_o the_o very_o best_a of_o common_a hedge_n be_v either_o raise_v of_o seed_n or_o plant_n but_o than_o it_o must_v not_o be_v with_o despair_n because_o sometime_o you_o do_v not_o see_v they_o peep_v the_o first_o year_n for_o the_o haw_o and_o many_o other_o seed_n be_v invest_v with_o a_o very_a hard_a integument_n will_v now_o and_o then_o suffer_v imprisonment_n two_o whole_a year_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o impatience_n of_o this_o do_v often_o frustrate_a the_o expectation_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o divers_a seed_n of_o this_o nature_n so_o as_o we_o frequent_o dig_v up_o and_o disturb_v the_o bed_n where_o they_o have_v be_v sow_v in_o despair_n before_o they_o have_v go_v their_o full_a time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o very_a popular_a mistake_n in_o other_o seed_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o holly_n concern_v which_o there_o go_v a_o tradition_n that_o they_o will_v not_o sprout_v till_o they_o be_v pass_v through_o the_o maw_n of_o a_o thrush_n whence_o the_o say_n turdus_n exitium_fw-la suum_fw-la cacat_fw-la allude_v to_o the_o viscus_fw-la make_v thereof_o not_o the_o missleto_fw-it of_o oak_n but_o this_o be_v a_o error_n as_o i_o be_o able_a to_o testify_v on_o experience_n they_o come_v up_o very_o well_o of_o the_o berry_n and_o with_o patience_n for_o as_o i_o affirm_v they_o will_v sleep_v sometime_o two_o entire_a year_n in_o their_o grave_n as_o will_n also_o the_o seed_n of_o yew_n sloe_n phillyrea_n angustifolia_fw-la and_o sundry_a other_o who_o shell_n be_v very_o hard_o about_o the_o small_a kernel_n but_o which_o be_v wonderful_o facilitated_a by_o be_v as_o we_o direct_v prepare_v in_o bed_n and_o magazine_n of_o earth_n or_o sand_n for_o a_o competent_a time_n and_o then_o commit_v to_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o full_a in_o march_n by_o which_o season_n they_o will_v be_v chit_v and_o speedy_o take_v root_n other_o bury_v they_o deep_o in_o the_o ground_n all_o winter_n and_o sow_v they_o in_o february_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v considerable_o improve_v his_o revenue_n by_o sow_v haw_n only_o and_o raise_v nursery_n of_o quicksets_a which_o he_o sell_v by_o the_o hundred_o far_o and_o near_o this_o be_v a_o commendable_a industry_n any_o neglect_a corner_n of_o ground_n will_v fit_v this_o plantation_n 5._o but_o columella_n have_v another_o expedient_a for_o the_o raise_n of_o our_o spinetum_fw-la by_o rub_v the_o now_o mature_a hip_n and_o haw_n into_o the_o crevice_n of_o bass_n rope_n and_o then_o bury_v they_o in_o a_o trench_n whether_o way_n you_o attempt_v it_o they_o must_v so_o soon_o as_o they_o peep_v and_o as_o long_o as_o they_o require_v it_o be_v sedulous_o cleanse_v of_o the_o weed_n which_o if_o in_o bed_n for_o transplantation_n have_v need_n be_v at_o the_o least_o three_o or_o four_o year_n by_o which_o time_n even_o your_o seedling_n will_v be_v of_o stature_n fit_a to_o remove_v for_o i_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n approve_v of_o the_o vulgar_a praemature_n plant_v of_o set_v as_o be_v general_o use_v throughout_o england_n which_o be_v to_o take_v such_o only_a as_o be_v the_o very_o small_a and_o so_o to_o crowd_v they_o into_o three_o or_o four_o file_n which_o be_v both_o egregious_a mistake_n 6._o whereas_o it_o be_v find_v by_o constant_a experience_n that_o plant_n as_o big_a as_o one_o thumb_n set_v in_o the_o posture_n and_o at_o the_o distance_n which_o we_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o horn-beam_n that_o be_v almost_o perpendicular_a not_o altogether_o because_o the_o rain_n shall_v not_o get_v in_o betwixt_o the_o rind_n and_o wood_n and_o single_a or_o at_o most_o not_o exceed_v a_o double_a row_n do_v prosper_v infinite_o and_o much_o outstrip_v the_o dense_v and_o close_a range_n of_o our_o trifle_n set_v which_o make_v but_o weak_a shoot_n and_o who_o root_n do_v but_o hinder_v each_o other_o and_o for_o be_v couch_v in_o that_o posture_n on_o the_o side_n of_o bank_n and_o fence_n especial_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o tenacious_a be_v bare_v of_o the_o mould_n which_o shall_v entertain_v they_o by_o that_o time_n the_o rain_n and_o storm_n of_o one_o winter_n have_v pass_v over_o they_o in_o holland_n and_o flanders_n where_o they_o have_v the_o goodly_a hedge_n of_o this_o kind_n about_o the_o counter-scarps_a of_o their_o invincible_a fortification_n to_o the_o great_a security_n of_o their_o musketeer_n upon_o occasion_n they_o plant_v they_o according_a to_o my_o description_n and_o raise_v fence_n so_o speedy_o and_o so_o impenetrable_a that_o our_o best_a be_v not_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o comparison_n yet_o that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v want_v to_o direct_v such_o as_o either_o affect_v the_o other_o way_n or_o who_o ground_n may_v require_v some_o bank_n of_o earth_n as_o ordinary_o the_o verge_n of_o coppse_n and_o other_o enclosure_n do_v you_o shall_v by_o line_n cast_v up_o your_o fossae_n of_o about_o three_o foot_n broad_a and_o about_o the_o same_o depth_n provide_v your_o mould_n hold_v it_o begin_v first_o to_o turn_v the_o turf_n upon_o which_o be_v careful_a to_o lay_v some_o of_o the_o best_a earth_n to_o bed_v your_o quick_a in_o and_o there_o lay_v or_o set_v the_o plant_n two_o in_o a_o foot_n space_n be_v sufficient_a be_v diligent_a to_o procure_v such_o as_o be_v fresh_a gather_v straight_o smooth_a and_o well_o root_v add_v now_o and_o then_o at_o equal_a space_n of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n a_o young_a oakling_n or_o elme-sucker_n ash_n or_o the_o like_a which_o will_v come_v in_o time_n to_o be_v ornamental_a standard_n and_o good_a timber_n if_o you_o will_v needs_o multiply_v your_o row_n a_o foot_n or_o somewhat_o less_o above_o that_o upon_o more_o congest_a mould_n plant_v another_o rank_n of_o set_n so_o as_o to_o point_v just_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vacuity_n of_o the_o first_o which_o i_o conceive_v enough_o this_o be_v but_o for_o the_o single_a fosse_n but_o if_o you_o will_v fortify_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n do_v as_o much_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o depth_n height_n and_o plant_v and_o then_o last_o of_o all_o cap_z the_o top_n in_o pyramid_n with_o the_o worst_a or_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n some_o if_o the_o mould_n be_v good_a plant_v a_o row_n or_o two_o on_o the_o edge_n or_o very_a crest_n of_o the_o mound_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o little_a flatn_v here_o also_o many_o set_v their_o dry-hedge_n to_o defend_v and_o shade_v their_o under-plantation_n and_o i_o can_v reprove_v it_o but_o great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v
but_o if_o the_o medicinal_a property_n of_o the_o leave_n bark_n berry_n etc._n etc._n be_v thorough_o know_v i_o can_v tell_v what_o our_o countryman_n can_v ail_v for_o which_o he_o may_v not_o fetch_v a_o remedy_n from_o every_o hedge_n either_o for_o sickness_n or_o wound_n the_o inner_a bark_n of_o elder_a or_o in_o season_n the_o bud_n boil_v in_o water-gruel_n for_o a_o breakfast_n have_v effect_v wonder_n in_o the_o fever_n and_o the_o decoction_n be_v admirable_a to_o assuage_v inflammation_n and_o tetrous_a humour_n and_o especial_o the_o scorbut_n but_o a_o extract_n or_o therica_fw-la may_v be_v compose_v of_o the_o berry_n which_o be_v not_o only_o efficacious_a to_o erradicate_v this_o epidemical_a inconvenience_n and_o great_o to_o assist_v longaevity_n for_o famous_a be_v the_o story_n of_o naeander_n but_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o catholicon_n against_o all_o infirmity_n whatever_o the_o water_n of_o the_o leaf_n and_o berry_n be_v approve_v in_o the_o dropsy_n every_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v useful_a the_o ointment_n make_v with_o the_o young_a bud_n and_o leaf_n in_o may_n with_o butter_n be_v most_o sovereign_n for_o ache_n shrink_a sinnue_n etc._n etc._n and_o less_o than_o this_o can_v i_o not_o say_v with_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o charitable_a physician_n to_o gratify_v our_o poor_a woodman_n and_o yet_o when_o i_o have_v say_v all_o this_o i_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n commend_v the_o send_v of_o it_o which_o be_v very_o noxious_a to_o the_o air_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o do_v not_o undertake_v that_o all_o thing_n which_o sweeten_v the_o air_n be_v salubrious_a nor_o all_o ill_a savour_n pernicious_a yet_o as_o not_o for_o its_o beauty_n so_o neither_o for_o its_o smell_n will_v i_o plant_v elder_a or_o much_o box_n near_o my_o habitation_n the_o elder_n do_v likewise_o produce_v a_o certain_a green_a fly_n almost_o invisible_a which_o be_v exceed_o troublesome_a and_o who_o sting_n be_v plain_o venomous_a smart_v vehement_o and_o gather_v a_o fiery_a redness_n where_o it_o ataque_n 19_o there_o be_v a_o shrub_n call_v the_o spindle-tree_n evonymus_n or_o fusanum_n evonymus_fw-la common_o grow_v in_o our_o hedge_n which_o bear_v a_o very_a hard_a wood_n of_o which_o they_o sometime_o make_v bow_n for_o viol_n and_o the_o inlayer_n use_v it_o for_o its_o colour_n and_o instrument-maker_n for_o tothe_v of_o organ_n and_o virginal-key_n tooth-picker_n etc._n etc._n what_o we_o else_o do_v with_o it_o i_o know_v not_o save_v that_o according_a with_o its_o name_n abroad_o they_o make_v spindle_n with_o it_o here_o may_v come_v in_o or_o be_v name_v at_o least_o the_o wild-cornel_n good_a to_o make_v mill-cogs_a pestle_n bobins_n for_o bonelace_n cornel._n etc._n etc._n last_o the_o viburnum_n or_o way-faring_a tree_n grow_v also_o plentiful_o in_o every_o corner_n make_v the_o most_o pliant_a and_o best_a band_n to_o faggot_n with_o 20._o yucca_n the_o american_n yucca_n be_v a_o hardy_a plant_n than_o we_o take_v it_o to_o be_v for_o it_o will_v suffer_v our_o sharp_a winter_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o experience_n without_o that_o trouble_n and_o care_n of_o set_v it_o in_o case_n in_o our_o conservatory_n for_o hyemation_n such_o as_o have_v behold_v it_o in_o flower_n which_o be_v not_o indeed_o till_o it_o be_v of_o some_o age_n must_v needs_o admire_v the_o beauty_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v easy_o multiply_v why_o shall_v it_o not_o make_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o ornamental_a fence_n in_o the_o world_n for_o our_o garden_n with_o its_o natural_a palisado_n as_o well_o as_o the_o more_o tender_a and_o impatient_a of_o moisture_n the_o aloe_n do_v for_o their_o vineyard_n in_o languedoc_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o believe_v nothing_o improvable_a save_o what_o our_o grand_a father_n teach_v we_o final_o let_v trial_n likewise_o be_v make_v of_o that_o thorn_n mention_v by_o cap._n liggon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o barbados_n whether_o it_o will_v not_o be_v make_v grow_v among_o we_o and_o prove_v as_o convenient_a for_o fence_n as_o there_o the_o seed_n or_o set_v transport_v to_o we_o with_o due_a care_n and_o thus_o have_v accomplish_v what_o by_o your_o command_n i_o have_v to_o offer_v concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o the_o more_o solid_a material_a and_o useful_a tree_n as_o well_o the_o dry_a as_o aquatical_a and_o to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o talon_n fence_v our_o plantation_n in_o i_o shall_v here_o conclude_v and_o set_v a_o bind_v likewise_o to_o my_o discourse_n by_o make_v a_o apology_n for_o the_o many_o error_n and_o impertinency_n of_o it_o do_v not_o the_o zeal_n and_o ambition_n of_o this_o illustrious_a society_n to_o promote_v and_o improve_v all_o attempt_n which_o may_v concern_v the_o public_a utility_n or_o ornament_n persuade_v i_o that_o what_o i_o be_o add_v for_o the_o far_a encouragement_n to_o the_o plant_n of_o some_o other_o useful_a though_o less_o vulgar_a tree_n will_v at_o least_o obtain_v your_o pardon_n if_o it_o miss_v of_o your_o approbation_n 21._o to_o discourse_v in_o this_o stile_n of_o all_o such_o fruit-tree_n as_o will_v prove_v of_o great_a emolument_fw-fr to_o the_o whole_a nation_n fruit-tree_n be_v to_o design_n a_o just_a volume_n and_o there_o be_v direction_n already_o so_o many_o and_o so_o accurate_o deliver_v and_o publish_v but_o which_o can_v be_v affirm_v of_o any_o of_o the_o former_a class_n of_o forest-tree_n and_o other_o remarke_n at_o the_o least_o to_o my_o poor_a knowledge_n and_o research_n that_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v 22._o i_o do_v only_o wish_v upon_o the_o prospect_n and_o meditation_n of_o the_o universal_a benefit_n that_o every_o person_n whatsoever_o worth_a ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la within_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v by_o some_o indispensable_a statute_n oblige_v to_o plant_v his_o hedg-row_n with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o useful_a kind_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o such_o place_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o more_o inland_n counties_n and_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o navigable_a river_n may_v the_o better_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o plant_n of_o timber_n to_o the_o proportion_n of_o those_o who_o be_v more_o happy_o and_o commodious_o situate_v for_o the_o transportation_n of_o it_o 22._o undoubted_o if_o this_o course_n be_v take_v effectual_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n both_o of_o the_o meat_n and_o drink_v which_o be_v spend_v to_o our_o prejudice_n may_v be_v save_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n even_o out_o of_o the_o hedge_n and_o mound_n which_o will_v afford_v they_o not_o only_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o delicious_a fruit_n but_o such_o abundance_n of_o cider_n and_o perry_n as_o shall_v suffice_v they_o to_o drink_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o excellent_a beverage_n in_o the_o world_n old_a gerard_n do_v long_o since_o allege_v we_o a_o example_n worthy_a to_o be_v pursue_v i_o have_v see_v say_v he_o speak_v of_o appletree_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 101._o in_o the_o pasture_n and_o hedg-row_n about_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o worshipful_a gentleman_n dwell_v two_o mile_n from_o hereford_n call_v mr._n roger_n bodnome_n so_o many_o tree_n of_o all_o sort_n that_o the_o servant_n drink_v for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o other_o drink_n but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o apple_n the_o quantity_n be_v such_o that_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o gentleman_n himself_o the_o parson_n have_v for_o tithe_n many_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n the_o hog_n be_v feed_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o they_o which_o be_v so_o many_o that_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o those_o apple_n they_o do_v eat_v who_o will_v not_o taste_v of_o any_o but_o of_o the_o best_a a_o example_n doubtless_o to_o be_v follow_v of_o gentleman_n that_o have_v land_n and_o living_n but_o envy_n say_v the_o poor_a will_v break_v down_o our_o hedge_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o forward_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n graff_n set_v plant_v and_o nourish_v up_o tree_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o labour_n be_v small_a the_o cost_n be_v nothing_o the_o commodity_n be_v great_a yourselves_o shall_v have_v plenty_n the_o poor_a shall_v have_v somewhat_o in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o god_n shall_v reward_v your_o good_a mind_n and_o diligence_n thus_o far_o honest_a gerard._n and_o in_o truth_n with_o how_o small_a a_o charge_n and_o infinite_a pleasure_n this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v every_o one_o that_o be_v patron_n of_o a_o little_a nursery_n can_v easy_o calculate_v but_o by_o this_o expedient_a many_o thousand_o of_o acre_n sow_v now_o yearly_a with_o barley_n may_v be_v cultivate_v for_o wheat_n or_o convert_v into_o pasture_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o corn_n and_o cattle_n beside_o the_o timber_n which_o the_o pear-tree_n black-cherry_n afford_v and_o
of_o all_o be_v to_o set_v the_o nut_n in_o a_o earthen-pot_n and_o in_o frosty_a weather_n show_v it_o a_o little_a to_o the_o fire_n the_o entire_a clod_n will_v come_v out_o with_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v reserve_v and_o set_v in_o the_o naked_a earth_n in_o convenient_a and_o fit_a hole_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o thaw_n be_v universal_a some_o commend_v the_o strew_v a_o few_o oat_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o foss_n or_o pit_n in_o which_o you_o transplant_v the_o naked_a root_n for_o a_o great_a promotement_n of_o their_o take_n and_o that_o it_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o shoot_v more_o in_o one_o year_n than_o in_o three_o but_o to_o this_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v 5._o i_o be_o assure_v by_o a_o person_n most_o worthy_a of_o credit_n that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o alzey_n a_o country_n in_o germany_n where_o they_o be_v miserable_o distress_v for_o wood_n which_o they_o have_v so_o destroy_v as_o that_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o straw_n for_o their_o best_a fuel_n a_o very_a large_a tract_n be_v new_o plough_v but_o the_o war_n surprise_v they_o not_o suffer_v to_o sow_v there_o spring_v up_o the_o next_o year_n a_o whole_a forest_n of_o pine-tree_n of_o which_o sort_n of_o wood_n there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o within_o less_o than_o fourscore_o mile_n so_o as_o it_o be_v very_o conjecture_v by_o some_o they_o may_v be_v waft_v thither_o from_o the_o country_n of_o westrasia_n which_o be_v the_o near_a part_n to_o that_o where_o they_o grow_v if_o this_o be_v true_a we_o be_v no_o more_o to_o wonder_n how_o when_o our_o oak-wood_n be_v grub_v up_o beech_n and_o tree_n of_o other_o kind_n have_v frequent_o succeed_v they_o what_o some_o impetuous_a wind_n have_v do_v in_o this_o nature_n i_o can_v produce_v instance_n almost_o miraculous_a i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o master_n varro_n and_o the_o learned_a theophrastus_n who_o be_v both_o of_o a_o faith_n that_o the_o seed_n of_o plant_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o air_n pliny_n in_o his_o 16._o book_n chap._n 33._o upon_o discourse_n of_o the_o cretan_a cypress_n attribute_n much_o to_o the_o indoles_fw-la and_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n virtue_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o impression_n of_o the_o air_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a what_o be_v affirm_v of_o that_o pitchy-rain_n report_v to_o have_v fall_v about_o cyrene_n the_o year_n 430._o u._n c._n after_o which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n spring_v up_o a_o whole_a wood_n of_o the_o tree_n of_o laserpitium_n produce_v a_o precious_a gum_n not_o much_o inferior_a to_o benzoin_v if_o at_o least_o the_o story_n be_v warrantable_a but_o of_o these_o aerial_a irradiation_n various_a conception_n and_o aequivocal_a production_n without_o seed_n etc._n etc._n upon_o another_o occasion_n if_o life_n and_o leisure_n permit_v i_o to_o finish_v what_o have_v be_v long_o under_o the_o hand_n and_o file_n to_o gratify_v our_o horticultore_n this_o present_a treatise_n be_v but_o a_o imperfect_a limb_n of_o that_o more_o ample_a work_n 6._o in_o transplant_n of_o these_o coniferous_a tree_n which_o be_v general_o resinaceous_a viz._n fir_n pine_n larix_n cedar_n and_o which_o have_v but_o thin_a and_o single_a root_n you_o must_v never_o diminish_v their_o head_n nor_o be_v at_o all_o busy_a with_o their_o root_n which_o pierce_v deep_a and_o be_v all_o their_o foundation_n unless_o you_o find_v any_o of_o they_o bruise_v or_o much_o break_v therefore_o such_o downright_a root_n as_o you_o may_v be_v force_v to_o cut_v off_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o sear_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n and_o prevent_v the_o danger_n of_o bleed_v to_o which_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a even_o to_o destruction_n though_o unseen_a and_o unheeded_a neither_o may_v you_o disbranch_v they_o but_o with_o great_a caution_n as_o about_o march_n or_o before_o or_o else_o in_o september_n and_o then_o it_o be_v best_a to_o prune_v up_o the_o side_n branch_n close_v to_o the_o trunk_n cut_v off_o all_o that_o be_v above_o a_o year_n old_a if_o you_o suffer_v they_o too_o long_o they_o grow_v too_o big_a and_o the_o cicatrice_n will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o spend_v the_o tree_n in_o gum_n upon_o which_o accident_n i_o advise_v you_o to_o rub_v over_o their_o wound_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o cowdung_n the_o neglect_n of_o this_o cost_v i_o dear_a so_o apt_a be_v they_o to_o spend_v their_o gum._n some_o advise_v we_o to_o break_v the_o shell_n of_o pine_n to_o facilitate_v their_o delivery_n and_o i_o have_v essay_v it_o but_o to_o my_o loss_n nature_n do_v obstetricate_a and_o do_v that_o office_n of_o herself_o when_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a season_n neither_o do_v this_o preparation_n at_o all_o prevent_v those_o which_o be_v so_o bury_v while_o their_o hard_a integument_n protect_v they_o both_o from_o rot_v and_o the_o vermin_n 7._o the_o domestic_a pine_n grow_v very_o well_o with_o we_o both_o in_o mountain_n and_o plain_n but_o the_o pinaster_n or_o wild_a of_o which_o be_v four_o sort_n best_o for_o walk_n because_o it_o grow_v tall_a and_o proud_a maintain_v their_o branch_n at_o the_o side_n which_o the_o pine_n do_v less_o frequent_o 8._o the_o fir_n grow_v tall_a be_v plant_v reasonable_a close_o together_o but_o suffer_v nothing_o to_o thrive_v under_o they_o the_o pine_n not_o so_o inhospitable_a for_o by_o pliny_n good_a leave_n it_o may_v be_v sow_v with_o any_o tree_n all_o thing_n grow_v well_o under_o its_o shade_n and_o excellent_a in_o wood_n hence_o claudian_n the_o friendly_a pine_n the_o mighty_a oak_n invite_v et_fw-la comitem_fw-la quercum_fw-la pinus_n amica_fw-la trahit_fw-la 9_o they_o both_o affect_v the_o cold_a high_a and_o rocky_a ground_n aby_n in_o montibus_fw-la altis_fw-la yet_o will_v grow_v in_o better_a but_o not_o in_o over_o rich_a and_o pinguid_a the_o worst_a land_n in_o wales_n bear_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v large_a pine_n and_o the_o fir_n according_a to_o his_o aspire_a nature_n love_v also_o the_o mountain_n more_o than_o the_o valley_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o can_v endure_v the_o shade_n as_o theophrastus_n observe_v de_fw-fr pl._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o this_o be_v not_o rigid_o true_a for_o they_o will_v grow_v in_o consort_n till_o they_o even_o shade_n and_o darken_v one_o another_o and_o will_v also_o descend_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o succeed_v very_o well_o be_v desirous_a of_o plentiful_a watering_n till_o they_o arrive_v to_o some_o competent_a stature_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v not_o prosper_v so_o well_o in_o a_o over_o sandy_a and_o hungry_a soil_n or_o gravel_n as_o in_o the_o very_a entrail_n of_o the_o rock_n which_o afford_v more_o drink_n to_o the_o root_n that_o penetrate_v into_o their_o meander_n and_o wind_a recess_n but_o though_o they_o require_v this_o refresh_n at_o first_o yet_o do_v they_o perfect_o abhor_v all_o stercoration_n nor_o will_v they_o much_o endure_v to_o have_v the_o earth_n open_v about_o their_o root_n for_o ablaqueation_n or_o be_v disturb_v this_o be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o cypress_n a_o fir_n for_o the_o first_o half_a dozen_o year_n seem_v to_o stand_v or_o at_o least_o make_v no_o considerable_a advance_v but_o it_o be_v when_o thorough_o root_v that_o it_o come_v away_o miraculous_o that_o honourable_a knight_n sir_n norton_n knatchbull_n who_o delicious_a plantation_n of_o pine_n and_o fir_n i_o behold_v with_o great_a satisfaction_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o a_o fir-tree_n of_o his_o raise_n do_v shoot_v no_o less_o than_o sixty_o foot_n in_o height_n in_o little_a more_o than_o twenty_o year_n be_v a_o pregnant_a instance_n as_o of_o the_o speedy_a grow_v of_o that_o material_a so_o of_o all_o the_o encouragement_n i_o have_v already_o give_v for_o the_o more_o frequent_a cultivate_a this_o ornamental_a useful_a and_o profitable_a tree_n 10._o the_o picea_n be_v another_o sort_n of_o pine_n pitch_n and_o to_o be_v cultivate_v like_o it_o the_o cold_a ground_n which_o these_o plant_n most_o affect_v though_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o discover_v yet_o sometime_o pitch-tree_n and_o the_o noxious_a yew_n or_o the_o dark_a ivy_n will_v dire_a symptom_n show_v piceae_fw-la tantum_fw-la taxique_fw-la nocentes_fw-la interdum_fw-la aut_fw-la ederae_fw-la pandunt_fw-la vestigia_fw-la nigrae_fw-la georg._n 2._o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v why_o it_o may_v not_o prosper_v in_o some_o tolerable_a degree_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o in_o germany_n russia_n the_o cold_o tract_n and_o abundant_o in_o france_n it_o grow_v on_o the_o alps_n among_o the_o pine_n but_o neither_o so_o tall_a nor_o so_o upright_o and_o produce_v a_o gum_n almost_o as_o white_a and_o firm_a as_o frankincense_n but_o it_o be_v the_o larix_n another_o sort_n of_o pine_n that_o yield_v the_o venetian_a turpentine_n 11._o there_o be_v also_o the_o
piceaster_n a_o wild_a sort_n out_o of_o which_o the_o great_a store_n of_o pitch_n be_v boil_v the_o teda_n likewise_o which_o be_v a_o sort_n abound_v in_o dalmatia_n more_o unctuous_a and_o more_o patient_a of_o the_o warm_a situation_n and_o so_o inflammable_a that_o it_o will_v slit_v into_o candle_n and_o therefore_o some_o will_n by_o no_o mean_n admit_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o different_a species_n but_o a_o metamorphosis_n of_o overgrow_a fattinesse_n to_o which_o the_o most_o judicious_a incline_v 12._o the_o body_n of_o these_o be_v cut_v or_o burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n will_v emit_v frequent_a sucker_n from_o the_o root_n but_o so_o will_v neither_o the_o pine_n nor_o fir_n but_o the_o fir_n may_v be_v propagate_v of_o layer_n which_o i_o divulge_v as_o a_o considerable_a secret_n that_o have_v be_v essay_v with_o success_n 13._o that_o all_o these_o especial_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n will_v prosper_v well_o with_o we_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n that_o they_o do_v heretofore_o grow_v plentiful_o in_o cumberland_n cheshire_n stafford_n and_o lancashire_n if_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o tree_n to_o this_o day_n find_v entire_a and_o bury_v under_o the_o earth_n though_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v or'ethrow_v and_o cover_v so_o ever_o since_o the_o universal_a deluge_n be_v indeed_o of_o this_o species_n that_o incomparable_a naturalist_n the_o learned_a dr._n merreâ—t_n in_o his_o pinax_n speak_v of_o several_a place_n of_o this_o nation_n where_o subterraneous_a tree_n be_v find_v as_o namely_o in_o cornwall_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_fw-la agris_fw-la flint_n in_o penbrokshire_n towards_o the_o shore_n where_o they_o so_o abound_v ut_fw-la totum_fw-la littus_fw-la say_v the_o doctor_n tanquam_fw-la sylva_n caedua_fw-la apparet_fw-la in_o cheshire_n also_o as_o we_o say_v cumberland_n and_o anglesey_n and_o several_a of_o our_o euro-boreal_a tract_n and_o be_v call_v noahs-ark_n by_o chatnesse_n in_o lancashire_n say_v cambden_n the_o low_a mossy_a ground_n be_v no_o very_o long_a time_n since_o carry_v away_o by_o a_o impetuous_a flood_n and_o in_o that_o place_n now_o lie_v a_o low_a irriguous_a vale_n where_o many_o prostrate_a tree_n have_v be_v dig_v out_o these_o tree_n be_v some_o think_v carry_v away_o in_o time_n pass_v by_o some_o accident_n of_o innundation_n or_o by_o water_n undermine_v the_o ground_n till_o their_o own_o weight_n and_o the_o wind_n bow_v they_o down_o and_o overwhelm_v in_o the_o mud_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o tree_n be_v no_o where_o find_v but_o in_o boggy_a place_n but_o that_o the_o burn_a of_o these_o tree_n so_o very_o bright_a shall_v be_v a_o argument_n they_o be_v fir_n be_v not_o necessary_a since_o the_o bitumineous_a quality_n of_o such_o earth_n may_v have_v impart_v it_o to_o they_o and_o cambden_n deny_v they_o to_o be_v fir-tree_n suggest_v the_o query_n whether_o there_o may_v not_o possible_o grow_v tree_n even_o under_o the_o ground_n as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n there_o be_v in_o cumberland_n on_o the_o seashore_n tree_n sometime_o discover_v at_o low-water_n and_o at_o other_o time_n that_o lie_v bury_v in_o the_o sand_n and_o in_o other_o mossy_a place_n of_o that_o shire_n it_o be_v report_v the_o people_n frequent_o dig_v up_o the_o body_n of_o vast_a tree_n without_o bough_n and_o that_o by_o direction_n of_o the_o dew_n alone_o in_o summer_n for_o they_o observe_v it_o never_o lie_v upon_o that_o part_n under_o which_o those_o tree_n be_v inter_v these_o particular_n i_o find_v note_v by_o the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o the_o britannia_n baconica_n but_o we_o shall_v inquire_v far_o concern_v these_o subterranean_a production_n anon_o and_o whether_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o water_n have_v not_o the_o virtue_n of_o strange_a transmutation_n these_o tree_n be_v find_v in_o moor_n by_o poke_v with_o staff_n of_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n length_n shod_a with_o iron_n 14._o in_o scotland_n as_o we_o note_v there_o be_v a_o most_o beautiful_a sort_n of_o fir_n grow_v upon_o the_o mountain_n of_o which_o from_o the_o late_a marquis_n of_o argyle_n i_o have_v send_v i_o some_o seed_n which_o i_o have_v sow_v with_o tolerable_a success_n and_o i_o prefer_v they_o before_o any_o other_o because_o they_o grow_v both_o very_a erect_v and_o fix_v themselves_o stout_o need_v little_a or_o no_o support_n and_o there_o near_a loughbrun_n betwixt_o the_o lough_n and_o a_o hill_n they_o grow_v in_o such_o quantity_n that_o from_o the_o spontaneous_a fall_n ruin_n and_o decay_n of_o the_o tree_n lie_v cross_a one_o another_o to_o a_o man_n height_n partly_o cover_v with_o moss_n and_o partly_o earth_n and_o grass_n which_o rot_v fill_v up_o and_o grow_v again_o a_o considerable_a hill_n have_v in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v raise_v to_o almost_o their_o very_a top_n which_o be_v a_o accident_n of_o singular_a remark_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o mention_v 15._o for_o the_o many_o and_o almost_o universal_a use_n of_o these_o tree_n both_o sea_n and_o land_n will_v plead_v the_o useful_a pine_n for_o ship_n daunt_v utile_fw-la lignum_fw-la navigiis_fw-la pines_n georg._n 2._o hence_o papinius_n 6._o thebay_n call_v it_o audax_fw-la aby_n they_o make_v our_o best_a mast_n shethe_v scaffold-pole_n etc._n etc._n heretofore_o the_o whole_a vessel_n it_o be_v pretty_a say_v pliny_n to_o consider_v that_o those_o tree_n which_o be_v so_o much_o seek_v after_o for_o ship_n shall_v most_o delight_n in_o the_o high_a of_o mountain_n as_o if_o it_o flee_v from_o the_o sea_n on_o purpose_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o descend_v into_o the_o water_n with_o fir_n we_o likewise_o make_v all_o intestine_a work_n as_o wainscot_n floor_n pales_n balk_n lath_n box_n belly_n for_o all_o musical_a instrument_n in_o general_a nay_o the_o rib_n and_o side_n of_o that_o enormous_a stratagem_n the_o so_o famous_a trojan_a horse_n may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v build_v of_o this_o material_a and_o if_o the_o poet_n mistake_v not_o the_o rib_n with_o deal_n they_o fit_v sectáque_fw-la intexunt_fw-la abiete_n costas_fw-la aen._n 2._o it_o be_v exceed_o smooth_a to_o polish_v on_o and_o therefore_o do_v well_o under_o gild_v work_n and_o take_v black_a equal_a with_o the_o pear-tree_n both_o fir_n and_o especial_o pine_n succeed_v well_o in_o carve_v as_o for_o capitol_n festoon_n nay_o statue_n especial_o be_v gild_a because_o of_o the_o easiness_n of_o the_o grain_n to_o work_v and_o take_v the_o tool_n every_o way_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v examine_v it_o near_o will_v find_v that_o famous_a image_n of_o the_o b._n virgin_n at_o loretto_n report_v to_o be_v carve_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o s._n luke_n to_o be_v make_v of_o fir_n as_o the_o grain_n easy_o discover_v it_o the_o torulus_n as_o vitruvius_n call_v it_o and_o heart_n of_o deal_n keep_v dry_a reject_v the_o albumen_n and_o white_a be_v everlasting_a nor_o do_v there_o any_o wood_n so_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o glue_v as_o it_o or_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v wrought_v it_o be_v also_o excellent_a for_o beam_n and_o other_o timber-work_n in_o house_n be_v both_o light_n and_o exceed_o strong_a and_o therefore_o of_o very_o good_a use_n for_o barrs_n and_o bolt_n of_o door_n as_o well_o as_o for_o door_n themselves_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o natural_a spring_n which_o it_o have_v not_o easy_o violate_v you_o shall_v find_v that_o of_o old_a they_o make_v cart_n and_o coach_n of_o it_o for_o scaffold_n also_o there_o be_v none_o comparable_a to_o it_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a we_o find_v it_o a_o extraordinary_a saver_n of_o oak_n where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v at_o reasonable_a price_n i_o will_v not_o complain_v what_o a_o incredible_a mass_n of_o ready_a money_n be_v yearly_o export_v into_o the_o northern_a country_n for_o this_o sole_a commodity_n which_o may_v all_o be_v save_v be_v we_o industrious_a at_o home_n likewise_o from_o fir_n we_o have_v the_o most_o of_o our_o pot-ash_n of_o fir_n be_v make_v our_o torch_n or_o funebral-stave_n nay_o and_o of_o old_a spear_n of_o it_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v virgil_n amazonian_a combat_n she_o press_v a_o long_a fir_n spear_n through_o his_o expose_v breast_n cujus_fw-la apertum_fw-la adversi_fw-la longâ_fw-la transverberat_fw-la abiete_n pectus_fw-la aen._n 11._o last_o the_o very_a chip_n or_o shave_n of_o deal-board_n be_v of_o other_o use_n than_o to_o kindle_v fire_n alone_o thomas_n bartholinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la danorum_fw-la dissert_n 7._o etc._n etc._n where_o he_o disclaim_v the_o use_n of_o hop_n in_o beer_n as_o pernicious_a and_o malignant_a and_o from_o several_a instance_n how_o apt_a it_o be_v to_o produce_v and_o usher_v in_o infection_n nay_o plague_n etc._n etc._n will_v substitute_v in_o its_o place_n the_o shave_n of_o deal-board_n as_o he_o affirm_v to_o give_v a_o grateful_a
bracelet_n and_o infinite_a riches_n in_o sum_n be_v so_o enamour_v of_o it_o that_o for_o some_o day_n neither_o the_o concernment_n of_o his_o grand_a expedition_n nor_o interest_n of_o honour_n nor_o the_o necessary_a motion_n of_o his_o portentous_a army_n can_v persuade_v he_o from_o it_o he_o style_v it_o his_o mistress_n his_o minion_n his_o goddess_n and_o when_o he_o be_v force_v to_o part_v from_o it_o he_o cause_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o to_o be_v stamp_v in_o a_o medail_n of_o gold_n which_o he_o continual_o wear_v about_o he_o these_o tree_n the_o roman_n first_o bring_v out_o of_o the_o levant_n and_o cultivate_v with_o so_o much_o industry_n and_o cost_n for_o its_o stately_a and_o proud_a head_n only_o 3._o that_o great_a orator_n and_o statesman_n cicero_n and_o hortensius_n will_v exchange_v now_o and_o then_o a_o turn_n at_o the_o bar_n that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o pleasure_n â—o_o step_v to_o their_o villa_n and_o refresh_v their_o platans_n which_o they_o will_v often_o irrigate_n with_o wine_n instead_o of_o water_n and_o so_o prize_v the_o very_a shadow_n of_o it_o that_o when_o afterward_o they_o transplant_v they_o into_o france_n they_o exact_v a_o tribute_n of_o any_o of_o the_o native_n who_o shall_v presume_v but_o to_o put_v his_o head_n under_o it_o pliny_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v no_o tree_n whatsoever_o which_o so_o well_o defend_v we_o from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n nor_o that_o admit_v it_o more_o kind_o in_o winter_n and_o for_o our_o encouragement_n i_o do_v upon_o experience_n assure_v you_o that_o they_o will_v flourish_v and_o abide_v with_o we_o without_o any_o more_o trouble_n than_o frequent_a and_o plentiful_a water_v which_o from_o their_o youth_n they_o excessive_o delight_v in_o and_o grateful_o acknowledge_v by_o their_o growth_n according_o so_o as_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o with_o very_o ordinary_a industry_n they_o may_v be_v propagate_v to_o the_o incredible_a ornament_n of_o the_o walk_n and_o avenue_n to_o great-man_n house_n the_o introduction_n of_o this_o true_a plane_n among_o we_o be_v due_a to_o that_o honourable_a gentleman_n sir_n geo._n crook_n of_o oxfordshire_n from_o who_o bounty_n i_o receive_v a_o hopeful_a plant_n now_o grow_v in_o my_o villa_n 3._o there_o be_v late_o at_o basil_n in_o switzerland_n a_o ancient_a goodly_a platanetum_n and_o now_o in_o france_n they_o be_v come_v again_o in_o vogue_n i_o know_v it_o be_v ancient_o account_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o they_o may_v with_o we_o be_v raise_v of_o their_o seed_n with_o care_n in_o a_o moist_a soil_n as_o here_o i_o have_v know_v they_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o little_a success_n be_v that_o we_o very_o rare_o have_v they_o send_v we_o ripe_a which_o shall_v be_v gather_v late_o in_o autumn_n and_o bring_v we_o from_o some_o more_o levantine_n part_n than_o italy_n they_o come_v also_o of_o layer_n abundant_o affect_v a_o fresh_a and_o feed_a ground_n for_o so_o they_o plant_v they_o about_o their_o rivulet_n and_o fountain_n the_o west-indian_a plane_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o rare_a but_o it_o rise_v to_o a_o goodly_a tree_n and_o bear_v a_o very_a ample_a and_o less_o jaged_a leaf_n that_o the_o turk_n use_v their_o platanus_n for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n i_o learn_v out_o of_o ricciolus_n hydrog_n l._n 10._o c._n 37._o lotus_fw-la 4._o the_o same_o opinion_n have_v i_o of_o the_o noble_a lotus_fw-la another_o lover_n of_o the_o water_n which_o in_o italy_n yield_v both_o a_o admirable_a shade_n and_o timber_n immortal_a of_o this_o wood_n be_v make_v pipe_n and_o wind-instrument_n and_o of_o its_o root_n haft_n for_o knife_n and_o other_o tool_n etc._n etc._n the_o offer_n of_o crassus_n to_o domitius_n for_o half_a a_o dozen_o of_o these_o tree_n grow_v about_o a_o house_n of_o he_o in_o rome_n testify_v in_o what_o esteem_n they_o be_v have_v for_o their_o incomparable_a beauty_n and_o use_n the_o cornel-tree_n corâ—uâ—_n though_o not_o mention_v by_o pliny_n for_o its_o timber_n be_v exceed_o commend_v for_o its_o durableness_n and_o use_v in_o wheelwork_n pinn_v and_o wedge_n in_o which_o it_o last_v like_o the_o hard_a iron_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v with_o we_o to_o good_a bulk_n and_o stature_n and_o the_o preserve_v and_o pickle_a berry_n be_v most_o refresh_v and_o a_o excellent_a condiment_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o cypress-tree_n and_o cedar_n cvpressus_fw-la the_o cypresse-tree_n be_v either_o the_o sative_a or_o garden_n tree_n cypress_n the_o most_o piramidall_a and_o beautiful_a or_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o male_a though_o somewhat_o preposterous_o which_o bear_v the_o cones_n but_o be_v of_o a_o more_o extravagant_a shape_n shall_v we_o reason_v only_o from_o our_o common_a experience_n even_o the_o cypresse-tree_n be_v but_o within_o a_o few_o year_n past_a repute_v so_o tender_a and_o nice_a a_o plant_n that_o it_o be_v cultivate_v with_o the_o great_a care_n and_o to_o be_v find_v only_o among_o the_o curious_a whereas_o we_o see_v it_o now_o in_o every_o garden_n rise_v to_o as_o goodly_a a_o bulk_n and_o stature_n as_o most_v which_o you_o shall_v find_v even_o in_o italy_n itself_o for_o such_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v once_o see_v in_o his_o late_a majesty_n garden_n at_o theobalds_n before_o that_o princely_a seat_n be_v demolish_v i_o say_v if_o we_o do_v argue_v from_o this_o topic_n methinks_v it_o shall_v rather_o encourage_v our_o countryman_n to_o add_v yet_o to_o their_o plantation_n other_o foreign_a and_o useful_a tree_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o deter_v they_o because_o many_o of_o they_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o become_v endenizon_v among_o we_o 2._o we_o may_v read_v that_o the_o peach_n be_v at_o first_o account_v so_o tender_a and_o delicate_a a_o tree_n as_o that_o it_o be_v believe_v to_o thrive_v only_o in_o persia_n and_o even_o in_o the_o day_n of_o galen_n it_o grow_v no_o near_a than_o egypt_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a province_n but_o be_v not_o see_v in_o the_o city_n till_o more_o than_o thirty_o year_n before_o pliny_n time_n whereas_o there_o be_v now_o hardly_o a_o more_o common_a and_o universal_a in_o europe_n thus_o likewise_o the_o avellana_fw-la from_o pontus_n in_o asia_n thence_o into_o greece_n and_o so_o italy_n to_o the_o city_n of_o abellino_n in_o campania_n una_fw-la tantùm_fw-la litera_fw-la immutata_fw-la avellina_fw-la dici_fw-la quae_fw-la prius_fw-la abellina_n i_o may_v affirm_v the_o same_o of_o our_o damascus_n plum_n quince_n medlar_n figue_n and_o most_o ordinary_a pear_n as_o well_o as_o of_o several_a other_o peregrine_n tree_n fruit-bearer_n and_o other_o for_o even_o the_o very_a damask-rose_n itself_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n tell_v we_o cent._n 2._o exp._n 659._o be_v little_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o year_n old_a in_o england_n methinks_v this_o shall_v be_v of_o wonderful_a incitement_n it_o be_v 680_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n ere_o italy_n have_v taste_v a_o cherry_n of_o their_o own_o which_o be_v then_o bring_v thither_o out_o of_o pontus_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a filbert_n be_v do_v afterward_o travel_v ad_fw-la ultimos_fw-la britannos_fw-la 3._o josephus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o cedar_n in_o judea_n be_v first_o plant_v there_o by_o solomon_n who_o doubtless_o try_v many_o rare_a experiment_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o none_o more_o kingly_a than_o that_o of_o plant_v to_o posterity_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o those_o which_o grow_v on_o the_o mountain_n of_o libanus_n itinerario_fw-la in_o the_o cold_a and_o northern_a tract_n of_o syria_n but_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o that_o curious_a traveller_n ranwolfius_n i._o since_o also_o confirm_v by_o that_o virtuoso_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr moncony_n there_o remain_v now_o not_o above_o twenty_o four_o of_o those_o stately_a tree_n in_o all_o those_o goodly_a forest_n where_o that_o mighty_a prince_n set_v fourscore_o thousand_o hewer_n at_o work_n for_o the_o material_n of_o one_o only_a temple_n and_o a_o palace_n it_o be_v a_o pregnant_a example_n what_o time_n and_o neglect_v will_v bring_v to_o ruin_v if_o due_a and_o continual_a care_n be_v not_o take_v to_o propagate_v timber_n 4._o nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n if_o we_o find_v the_o whole_a species_n of_o some_o tree_n so_o total_o lose_v in_o a_o country_n as_o if_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o such_o plant_v in_o it_o be_v this_o therefore_o apply_v to_o fir_n pine_n and_o many_o other_o with_o we_o since_o it_o be_v so_o long_o ere_o rome_n be_v acquaint_v with_o they_o or_o indeed_o with_o any_o of_o the_o pitch-bearer_n 5._o we_o have_v our_o first_o myrtil_v out_o of_o greece_n and_o cypress_n from_o crete_n which_o be_v yet_o a_o mere_a stranger_n in_o italy_n as_o pliny_n report_v and_o most_o difficult_a to_o be_v raise_v which_o make_v cato_n to_o write_v more_o concern_v the_o culture_n of_o
first_o who_o bring_v it_o into_o use_n and_o reputation_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o beautiful_a and_o useful_a of_o hedge_n and_o verdure_n in_o the_o world_n the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o growth_n consider_v and_o propagate_v it_o from_o cornwall_n even_o to_o cumberland_n the_o seed_n grow_n ripe_a with_o we_o in_o august_n and_o the_o hony-breathing_a blossom_n afford_v a_o early_a and_o mervellous_a relief_n to_o the_o bee_n 8._o all_o the_o phillyrea's_n be_v yet_o more_o hardy_a phillyrea_n which_o make_v i_o wonder_n to_o find_v the_o angustifolia_n plant_v in_o case_n and_o so_o charâ—ly_o set_v into_o the_o stove_n among_o the_o orange_n and_o lemon_n when_o by_o long_a experience_n i_o have_v find_v it_o equal_a our_o holly_n in_o suffer_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o our_o cruel_a frost_n and_o wind_n which_o be_v doubtless_o of_o all_o our_o english_a tree_n the_o most_o insensible_a and_o stout_a 9_o they_o be_v both_o alaternus_n and_o this_o raise_v of_o the_o seed_n though_o those_o of_o the_o phillyrea_n will_v be_v long_o under_o ground_n and_o be_v transplant_v for_o espalier_n hedge_n or_o standard_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o shears_o as_o oft_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n the_o alaternus_n will_v be_v up_o in_o one_o month_n after_o it_o be_v sow_v plant_v it_o out_o at_o two_o year_n growth_n and_o clip_v it_o after_o rain_n in_o the_o spring_n before_o it_o grow_n sticky_a and_o while_o the_o shoot_n be_v tender_a thus_o will_v it_o form_v a_o hedge_n though_o plant_v but_o in_o single_a row_n and_o at_o two_o foot_n distance_n of_o a_o yard_n in_o thickness_n twenty_o foot_n high_a if_o you_o desire_v it_o and_o furnish_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o for_o a_o hedge_n of_o this_o altitude_n it_o will_v require_v the_o friendship_n of_o some_o wall_n or_o a_o frame_n of_o lusty_a pole_n to_o secure_v against_o the_o wind_n one_o of_o the_o most_o delicious_a object_n in_o nature_n but_o if_o we_o can_v have_v store_n of_o the_o phillyrea_n folio_fw-la leviter_fw-la serrato_fw-la of_o which_o i_o have_v raise_v some_o very_a fine_a plant_n from_o the_o seed_n we_o may_v fear_v no_o weather_n and_o the_o verdure_n be_v incomparable_a 10._o granadâ—_n the_o culture_n of_o the_o granade_n of_o which_o be_v three_o sort_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o alaternus_n of_o which_o we_o may_v raise_v considerable_a hedge_n on_o all_o our_o southern_a aspect_n they_o have_v support_v that_o most_o unmerciful_a winter_n in_o sixty_o three_o without_o any_o artifice_n and_o if_o they_o yield_v we_o their_o flower_n for_o our_o pain_n of_o well_o prune_v and_o recision_n for_o they_o must_v diligent_o be_v purge_v of_o their_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o glorious_a recompense_n i_o plant_v they_o in_o my_o hedgerow_n even_o among_o the_o quick_a but_o to_o have_v they_o thrive_v you_o must_v loosen_v the_o earth_n at_o root_n and_o enrich_v it_o both_o spring_n and_o autumn_n leave_v but_o a_o few_o woody_a branch_n there_o be_v no_o tree_n so_o adulterous_a as_o this_o shrub_n and_o best_a by_o layer_n approach_v and_o inarch_v as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o thence_o it_o be_v say_v to_o marry_v with_o laurel_n damson_n ash_n almond_n mulberry_n citron_n etc._n etc._n too_o many_o i_o fear_v to_o hold_v if_o you_o will_v plant_v they_o in_o garden_n to_o best_a advantage_n keep_v they_o to_o one_o stem_n and_o enrich_v the_o mould_n with_o hog_n dung_n well_o consume_v which_o they_o great_o delight_v in_o myrtil_n 11._o the_o vulgar_a italian_a wild_a myrtil_n though_o not_o indeed_o the_o most_o fragrant_a grow_v high_a and_o support_v all_o weather_n i_o know_v of_o one_o near_o fifty_o year_n old_a which_o have_v be_v continual_o expose_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o exceed_a sharp_a season_n a_o little_a dry_a straw_n have_v be_v throw_v upon_o it_o and_o where_o they_o be_v smite_v be_v cut_v down_o near_o the_o ground_n they_o put_v forth_o and_o recover_v again_o which_o many_o time_n they_o do_v not_o in_o pot_n and_o case_n where_o the_o root_n be_v very_o obnoxious_a to_o perish_v with_o mouldiness_n the_o shelter_n of_o a_o few_o mat_n and_o straw_n secure_v very_o great_a tree_n both_o leaf_n and_o colour_n in_o perfection_n this_o last_o winter_n also_o which_o be_v plant_v abroad_o while_o those_o that_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o conserve_v be_v most_o of_o they_o lose_v myrtils_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n but_o with_o great_a caution_n and_o they_o seldom_o prove_v hardy_a nor_o be_v it_o worth_a the_o time_n be_v so_o abundant_o increase_v of_o layer_n lentisc_n 12._o lentiscus_fw-la the_o lentisc_n a_o very_a beautiful_a ever-green_a will_v thrive_v abroad_o with_o we_o with_o a_o little_a care_n and_o shelter_n among_o other_o expose_v shrub_n and_o may_v be_v propagate_v of_o sucker_n and_o layer_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o olive_n though_o it_o bear_v no_o other_o fruit_n than_o the_o perennial_a verdure_n of_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o lentisc_n be_v make_v the_o best_a tooth-picker_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o mastic_n or_o gum_n be_v of_o excellent_a use_n especial_o for_o the_o tooth_n and_o gum_n 13._o i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v lignum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o aethiopic_n seseli_fw-la halimus_n latifolius_n laurus_fw-la tinus_fw-la celastâ—us_fw-la etc._n etc._n fit_a for_o the_o shrubby_a part_n and_o under-furniture_n of_o our_o ever_o green_a grove_n and_o near_o our_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n but_o 14._o i_o produce_v not_o these_o particular_n and_o other_o amoena_fw-la vireta_fw-la already_o mention_v as_o signify_v any_o thing_n to_o timber_n the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o treatise_n though_o i_o read_v of_o some_o myrtil_v so_o tall_a as_o to_o make_v spear_n shaft_n but_o to_o exemplify_v in_o what_o may_v be_v far_o add_v to_o ornament_n and_o pleasure_n by_o a_o cheap_a and_o most_o agreeable_a industry_n the_o berry_n of_o myrtil_n be_v use_v of_o old_a in_o stead_n of_o pepper_n jasmine_n 15._o the_o common_a white_a and_o yellow_a jasmine_n will_v flower_n plentiful_o in_o our_o wood_n and_o as_o hardy_a as_o any_o of_o the_o periclimena_n how_o it_o be_v propagate_v by_o submersion_n or_o layer_n every_o gardener_n skill_v and_o if_o it_o be_v as_o much_o employ_v for_o nose_n gay_n etc._n etc._n with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v in_o france_n and_o italy_n they_o may_v make_v money_n enough_o of_o the_o flower_n one_o sorry_a tree_n in_o paris_n where_o they_o abound_v have_v be_v worth_a to_o a_o poor_a woman_n near_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o a_o year_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o acacia_n arbutus_fw-la bays_n box_n yew_n holly_n juniper_n and_o laurel-tree_n 1._o the_o french_a have_v late_o bring_v in_o the_o virginian_a acacia_n acacia_n which_o exceed_o adorn_v their_o walk_n the_o tree_n be_v hardy_a against_o all_o the_o invasion_n of_o our_o sharp_a season_n but_o our_o high_a wind_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o brittle_a nature_n it_o do_v not_o so_o well_o resist_v and_o the_o root_n which_o insinuate_v and_o run_v like_o liquorize_v under_o ground_n be_v apt_a to_o emaciate_a the_o soil_n and_o therefore_o haply_o not_o so_o commendable_a in_o our_o garden_n as_o they_o will_v be_v agreeable_a for_o variety_n of_o walk_n and_o shade_n they_o thrive_v well_o in_o his_o majesty_n new_a plantation_n in_o st._n james_n park_n 2._o but_o why_o do_v we_o thus_o neglect_v the_o arbutus_n arbutus_fw-la and_o make_v that_o such_o a_o rarity_n which_o grow_v so_o common_a and_o so_o natural_o in_o ireland_n it_o be_v indeed_o with_o some_o difficulty_n raise_v from_o the_o seed_n but_o it_o may_v be_v propagate_v from_o the_o layer_n grow_v to_o a_o goodly_a tree_n be_v patient_a of_o our_o severe_a wether_n and_o may_v be_v contrive_v into_o most_o beautiful_a hedge_n virgil_n report_v it_o will_v inoculate_v with_o the_o nut_n and_o i_o find_v bauhinus_n commend_v the_o coal_n for_o goldsmith_n work_n and_o the_o poet_n arbutean_a harrow_n and_o the_o mystic_a van._n arbuteae_n crate_v &_o mystica_fw-la vannus_fw-la jacchi_fw-la georg._n 1._o 3._o bay_n be_v increase_v both_o of_o their_o sucker_n and_o seed_n bay_n which_o shall_v be_v dropping-ripe_a ere_o gather_v pliny_n have_v a_o particular_a process_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o seed_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reject_v which_o be_v the_o gather_v the_o berry_n in_o january_n and_o spread_v they_o till_o their_o sweat_n be_v over_o then_o he_o put_v they_o in_o dung_n and_o sow_v they_o as_o for_o the_o steep_v in_o wine_n water_n do_v altogether_o as_o well_o other_o wash_v the_o seed_n from_o their_o mucilage_n by_o break_v and_o bruise_v the_o glutinous_a berry_n then_o sow_v they_o in_o march_n by_o score_n in_o a_o heap_n and_o indeed_o so_o they_o will_v come_v up_o in_o cluster_n but_o nothing_o
it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a if_o not_o altogether_o impossible_a to_o recover_v ourselves_o from_o a_o softness_n and_o vanity_n which_o will_v in_o time_n not_o only_o effeminate_a but_o undo_v the_o nation_n 23._o laurel_n but_o to_o crown_v all_o i_o will_v conclude_v with_o the_o laurel_n which_o by_o the_o use_v we_o common_o put_v it_o to_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v only_o destine_v for_o hedge_n and_o to_o cover_v bare_a wall_n whereas_o be_v plant_v upright_o and_o keep_v to_o the_o standard_n by_o cut_v away_o the_o collateral_a branch_n and_o maintain_v one_o stem_n it_o will_v rise_v to_o a_o very_a considerable_a tree_n and_o for_o the_o first_o twenty_o year_n resemble_v the_o most_o beautiful_a head_a orange_n in_o shape_n and_o verdure_n arrive_v in_o time_n to_o emulate_v even_o some_o of_o our_o lusty_a timber-tree_n so_o as_o i_o dare_v pronounce_v the_o laurel_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o proper_a and_o ornamental_a tree_n for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n of_o any_o grow_v 24._o pity_v it_o be_v they_o be_v so_o abuse_v in_o the_o hedge_n where_o the_o low_a branch_n grow_v stickie_a and_o dry_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o frequent_a and_o unseasonable_a cut_n with_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v to_o spend_v much_o in_o wood_n they_o never_o succeed_v after_o the_o first_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n but_o be_v to_o be_v new_o plant_v again_o or_o abate_v to_o the_o very_a root_n for_o a_o fresh_a shote_v 25._o but_o will_v you_o yet_o improve_v the_o standard_n which_o i_o celebrate_v to_o great_a and_o more_o speedy_a exaltation_n bud_n your_o laurel_n on_o the_o black-cherry_n stock_n to_o what_o height_n you_o please_v if_o at_o least_o the_o report_n be_v true_a which_o i_o have_v from_o a_o ocular_a testimony_n and_o be_o now_o make_v a_o essay_n of_o because_o i_o be_o more_o than_o somewhat_o doubtful_a of_o such_o allyance_n though_o something_o like_o it_o in_o palladius_n speak_v it_o not_o so_o impossible_a a_o cherry_n grace_v on_o laurel-stock_n do_v stain_v the_o virgin_n fruit_n in_o a_o deep_a double_a grain_n inseritur_fw-la lauro_fw-la cerasus_n partúque_fw-la coacto_fw-la tingit_fw-la adoptivus_fw-la virgin_n ora_fw-la pudor_fw-la 26._o they_o be_v raise_v of_o the_o seed_n or_o berry_n with_o extraordinary_a facility_n or_o propagate_v by_o layer_n taleae_n and_o cut_n wherever_o there_o be_v shade_n and_o moisture_n i_o find_v little_a concern_v the_o mechanical_a use_n of_o the_o laurel_n but_o than_o its_o attribute_n of_o old_a there_o be_v nothing_o more_o glorious_a and_o magnificent_a for_o from_o laurel_n chew_v the_o pythian_a priestess_n rise_v event_n of_o future_a action_n to_o disclose_v laurel_n triumphant_a general_n do_v wear_v and_o laurel_n herald_n in_o their_o hand_n do_v bear_v poet_n ambitious_a of_o unfading_a praise_n phoebus_n the_o muse_n all_o be_v crown_v with_o bay_n and_o virtue_n to_o her_o son_n the_o prize_n do_v name_n symbol_n of_o glory_n and_o immortal_a fame_n tu_fw-la sacros_fw-la phoebi_fw-la tripodas_fw-la ta_fw-la sidera_fw-la sentis_fw-la et_fw-la casus_fw-la aperis_fw-la rerum_fw-la praesaga_fw-la futuros_fw-la te_fw-la juâ—at_fw-la armorum_fw-la strepitus_fw-la clangorque_fw-la tubarum_fw-la perque_n acies_fw-la medias_fw-la saevique_fw-la periculà _fw-fr belli_fw-la accendis_fw-la bellantum_fw-la animos_fw-la te_fw-la cynthius_n ipse_fw-la te_fw-la musae_fw-la vatesque_fw-la sacri_fw-la optauâ—re_fw-la coronam_fw-la ipsa_fw-la suis_fw-la virtus_fw-la te_fw-la spem_fw-la proponit_fw-la alumnis_fw-la tantùm_fw-la servatus_fw-la valuit_fw-la pudor_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la famu_fw-la rapinus_n i_o have_v now_o finish_v my_o plant_v a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v their_o preservation_n and_o the_o cure_n of_o their_o infirmity_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o infirmity_n of_o tree_n the_o disease_n of_o tree_n be_v various_a infirmity_n according_a to_o the_o rustic_a rhyme_n the_o calf_n the_o wind-shoc_a and_o the_o knot_n the_o canker_n scab_n scurf_n sap_n and_o rot._n affect_v the_o several_a part_n these_o invade_v the_o root_n weed_n sucker_n fern_n wet_a mouse_n mole_n wind_n etc._n etc._n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v sideration_n and_o even_a plague_n tumour_n distortion_n lacrimation_n tophi_n gout_n carbuncle_n ulcer_n crudity_n fungosity_n gangrene_n and_o a_o army_n more_o whereof_o some_o be_v hardly_o discernible_a yet_o enemy_n which_o not_o foresee_v make_v many_o a_o bargain_n of_o standing-wood_n tho_o seem_o fair_a very_o costly_a ware_n 1._o weed_n be_v to_o be_v diligent_o pull_v up_o by_o hand_n after_o rain_n while_o your_o seedling_n be_v very_o young_a and_o till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v able_a to_o kill_v they_o with_o shade_n and_o over-dripping_a and_o then_o be_v you_o for_o the_o obstinate_a to_o use_v the_o haw_o fork_n and_o spade_n to_o extirpate_v dog-grass_n bear-bind_a etc._n etc._n 2._o sucker_n shall_v be_v due_o eradicate_v and_o with_o a_o sharp_a spade_n dexterous_o separate_v from_o the_o mother-root_n and_o transplant_v in_o convenient_a place_n for_o propagation_n as_o the_o season_n require_v 3._o fern_n be_v best_a destroy_v by_o strike_v off_o the_o top_n as_o tarquin_n do_v the_o head_n of_o the_o poppy_n this_o do_v with_o a_o good_a wand_n or_o cudgel_n at_o the_o decrease_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o now_o and_o then_o in_o summer_n kill_v it_o in_o a_o year_n or_o two_o beyond_o the_o vulgar_a way_n of_o mow_v or_o burn_a which_o rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v it_o 4._o overmuch_a wet_a be_v to_o be_v drain_v by_o trench_n where_o it_o infest_v the_o root_n of_o such_o kind_n as_o require_v dry_a ground_n but_o if_o a_o drip_v do_v fret_v into_o the_o body_n of_o a_o tree_n by_o the_o head_n which_o will_v certain_o decay_v it_o cut_v first_o the_o place_n smooth_a stop_v and_o cover_v it_o with_o loam_n and_o hay_n till_o a_o new_a bark_n succeed_v these_o infest_a the_o bark_n bark-bound_a teredo_n or_o worm_n cony_n moss_n ivy_n etc._n etc._n 5._o the_o bark-bound_a be_v to_o be_v release_v by_o draw_v your_o knife_n rind-deep_a from_o the_o root_n as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v convenient_o and_o if_o the_o gape_a be_v much_o fill_v the_o rift_n with_o a_o little_a cowdung_n do_v this_o on_o each_o side_n and_o at_o spring_n february_n or_o march_n also_o cut_v off_o some_o branch_n be_v profitable_a especial_o such_o as_o be_v blast_v or_o lightning-struck_a 6._o the_o teredo_n cossi_n and_o other_o worm_n lie_v between_o the_o body_n and_o the_o bark_n poison_v that_o passage_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o some_o tree_n but_o the_o hole_n be_v once_o find_v they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o with_o a_o light_a incision_n and_o the_o wood-pecker_n and_o other_o bird_n often_o pitch_v upon_o the_o stem_n as_o you_o may_v observe_v they_o and_o knock_v with_o their_o bill_n be_v a_o mark_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v infect_v at_o least_o between_o the_o bark_n 7._o coney_n and_o hare_n by_o bark_v the_o tree_n in_o hard_a winter_n spoil_v very_o many_o tender_a plantation_n next_o to_o the_o utter_a destroy_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o better_a than_o to_o anoint_v that_o part_n which_o be_v within_o their_o reach_n with_o stercus_fw-la humanum_fw-la temper_v with_o a_o little_a water_n or_o urine_n and_o light_o brush_v on_o this_o renew_v after_o every_o great_a rain_n but_o a_o cleanly_a than_o this_o and_o yet_o which_o coney_n and_o even_a cattle_n most_o abhor_v be_v to_o water_n or_o sprinkle_v they_o with_o tanner_n liquor_n viz._n that_o which_o they_o use_v for_o dress_v their_o hide_n 8._o moss_n be_v to_o be_v rub_v and_o scrape_v off_o with_o some_o fit_a instrument_n of_o wood_n which_o may_v not_o excorticate_v the_o tree_n or_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o haircloth_n after_o a_o sob_a rain_n but_o the_o most_o infallible_a art_n of_o emuscation_n be_v take_v away_o the_o cause_n which_o be_v superfluous_a moisture_n in_o clayie_a and_o spew_a ground_n 9_o ivy_n be_v destroy_v by_o dige_v up_o the_o root_n and_o loosen_v its_o hold_n and_o yet_o even_o ivy_n itself_o the_o destruction_n of_o many_o fair_a tree_n if_o very_o old_a and_o where_o it_o have_v long_o invest_v its_o support_n if_o take_v off_o do_v frequent_o kill_v the_o tree_n by_o a_o too_o sudden_a exposure_n to_o the_o unaccustomed_a cold_a of_o the_o root_n of_o ivy_n which_o with_o small_a industry_n may_v be_v make_v a_o beautiful_a standard_n be_v make_v curious_o polish_a and_o flecked_a cup_n and_o box_n and_o even_a table_n of_o great_a value_n missleto_fw-it and_o other_o excrescence_n to_o be_v cut_v and_o break_v off_o but_o the_o fungi_fw-la which_o prognosticate_n a_o fault_n in_o the_o liver_n and_o entrail_n of_o tree_n as_o we_o may_v call_v it_o be_v remedy_v by_o abrasion_n friction_n interlucation_n and_o exposure_n to_o the_o sun_n 10._o the_o body_n of_o tree_n be_v visit_v with_o canker_n hollowness_n hornet_n earwig_n snail_n etc._n etc._n 11._o the_o
wash_v out_o and_o such_o a_o preservative_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o wood_n nay_o of_o many_o other_o thing_n as_o rope_n cable_n fishing-net_n mast_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o defend_v they_o from_o putrefaction_n either_o in_o water_n under_o or_o above_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o snow_n ice_n air_n winter_n or_o summer_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o describe_v the_o process_n of_o the_o aquafortis_n it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o our_o common_a coperas_fw-la make_v this_o aquafortis_n well_o enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n be_v draw_v over_o by_o a_o retort_n and_o for_o sulphur_n the_o island_n of_o saint_n christopher_n yield_v enough_o which_o hardly_o need_v any_o refine_v to_o furnish_v the_o whole_a world_n this_o secret_a for_o the_o curious_a i_o think_v fit_a not_o to_o omit_v though_o a_o more_o compendious_a three_o or_o four_o anointing_n with_o linseed_n oil_n have_v prove_v very_o effectual_a it_o be_v experiment_v in_o a_o walnut_n table_n where_o it_o destroy_v million_o of_o worm_n immediate_o and_o be_v to_o be_v practise_v for_o table_n tube_n mathematical_a instrument_n box_n bedstead_n chair_n rarity_n etc._n etc._n oil_n of_o walnut_n will_v doubtless_o do_v the_o same_o be_v sweet_a and_o a_o better_a varnish_n but_o above_o all_o be_v commend_v oil_n of_o cedar_n or_o that_o of_o juniper_n 24._o hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o tree_n their_o kind_n and_o propagation_n in_o particular_a now_o a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v their_o order_n in_o general_a as_o it_o relate_v to_o copse_n lop_n felling_n etc._n etc._n then_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o more_o concern_v their_o use_v as_o to_o fuel_n etc._n etc._n and_o cast_v such_o accidental_a lesson_n into_o a_o few_o aphorism_n as_o can_v not_o well_o be_v more_o regular_o insert_v last_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o some_o more_o serious_a observation_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o main_a design_n and_o project_n of_o this_o discourse_n as_o it_o concern_v the_o improvement_n of_o his_o majesty_n forest_n for_o the_o honour_n and_o security_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o copse_n copse_n 1._o sylva_n caedua_fw-la be_v as_o varro_n define_v it_o as_o well_o copse_n to_o cut_v for_o fuel_n as_o for_o use_v of_o timber_n and_o we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v both_o by_o sow_v and_o plant_v i_o shall_v only_o here_o add_v that_o if_o in_o their_o first_o designation_n they_o be_v so_o lay_v out_o as_o to_o grow_v for_o several_a fall_n they_o will_v both_o prove_v more_o profitable_a and_o most_o delightful_a most_o profitable_a because_o of_o their_o annual_a succession_n and_o most_o pleasant_a because_o there_o will_v always_o remain_v some_o of_o they_o stand_v and_o if_o they_o be_v so_o cast_v out_o as_o that_o you_o leave_v straight_o and_o even_a interval_n of_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n for_o grass_n between_o spring-wood_n and_o spring-wood_n secure_o fence_v and_o preserve_v the_o pasture_n will_v lie_v both_o warm_a and_o prove_v of_o exceed_a delight_n to_o the_o owner_n these_o space_n likewise_o useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o cart-way_n to_o fetch_v out_o the_o wood_n at_o every_o fall_n there_o be_v not_o a_o more_o noble_a and_o worthy_a husbandry_n than_o be_v this_o which_o reject_v no_o sort_n of_o ground_n as_o we_o have_v abundant_o show_v since_o even_o the_o most_o boggy_a place_n may_v so_o be_v drain_v and_o cast_v as_o to_o yield_v its_o increase_n by_o plant_v the_o dry_a sort_n upon_o the_o ridge_n and_o bank_n which_o you_o cast_v up_o where_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o and_o then_o willow_n sallow_a alder_a poplar_n sycomor_n etc._n etc._n will_v shoot_v tolerable_o well_o on_o the_o low_a and_o more_o vliginous_a with_o this_o caution_n that_o for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n they_o be_v keep_v diligent_o weed_v and_o cleanse_v which_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o fence_v and_o guard_v from_o cattle_n our_o ordinary_a copse_n be_v chief_o upon_o hazel_n or_o the_o birch_n but_o if_o among_o the_o other_o kind_n store_n of_o ash_n chessnut_n and_o sallow_a at_o least_o one_o in_o four_o be_v sprinkle_v in_o the_o plant_v the_o profit_n will_v soon_o discover_v a_o difference_n and_o well_o recompense_v the_o industry_n other_o advise_v we_o to_o plant_n shoot_v of_o sallow_a willow_n alder_n and_o of_o all_o the_o swift_a grow_a tree_n be_v of_o seven_o year_n growth_n slope_v off_o both_o the_o end_n towards_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o billet_n and_o bury_v they_o a_o reasonable_a depth_n in_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o put_v forth_o seven_o or_o eight_o branch_n each_o of_o which_o will_v become_v a_o tree_n in_o a_o short_a time_n especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v moist_a the_o near_a distance_n for_o these_o plantation_n ought_v never_o to_o be_v less_o than_o five_o foot_n at_o first_o since_o every_o fell_n render_v they_o wide_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o timber_n even_o to_o thirty_o and_o forty_o foot_n in_o five_o or_o six_o felling_n 2._o though_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o we_o to_o prescribe_v at_o what_o age_n it_o be_v best_o husbandry_n to_o fell_a coppse_n as_o we_o at_o least_o call_v best_a husbandry_n that_o be_v for_o most_o and_o great_a gain_n since_o the_o mercat_n and_o the_o kind_n of_o wood_n and_o emergent_a use_n do_v so_o much_o govern_v yet_o copse_n be_v sometime_o of_o a_o competent_a stature_n after_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n from_o the_o acorn_n and_o so_o every_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n successive_o will_v rise_v better_a and_o better_o but_o this_o have_v need_n be_v in_o extraordinary_a ground_n otherwise_o you_o may_v do_v well_o to_o allow_v they_o twelve_o or_o fifteen_o to_o fit_v they_o for_o the_o axe_n but_o those_o of_o twenty_o year_n stand_v be_v better_o and_o far_o advance_v the_o price_n especial_o if_o oak_n and_o ash_n and_o chessnut_n be_v the_o chief_a furniture_n some_o of_o our_o old_a clergy_n spring-wood_n heretofore_o have_v be_v let_v rest_n till_o twenty_o five_o or_o thirty_o year_n and_o have_v prove_v high_o worth_a the_o attendance_n for_o by_o that_o time_n even_o a_o seminary_n of_o acorn_n will_v render_v a_o consideble_a advance_v as_o i_o have_v already_o exemplify_v in_o the_o northamptonshire_n lady_n and_o if_o copse_n be_v so_o divide_v as_o that_o every_o year_n there_o may_v be_v some_o fell_v it_o be_v a_o continual_a and_o a_o present_a profit_n seventeen_o year_n growth_n afford_v a_o tolerable_a fall_v suppose_v the_o copse_n of_o seventeen_o acre_n one_o acre_n may_v be_v yearly_o fall_v for_o ever_o and_o so_o more_o according_a to_o proportion_n but_o the_o seldom_o fall_v yield_v the_o more_o timber_n 3._o as_o to_o what_o number_n and_o scantlings_n you_o be_v to_o leave_v on_o every_o acre_n the_o statute_n be_v our_o general_a guide_n at_o least_o the_o legal_a it_o be_v a_o very_a ordinary_a copse_n which_o will_v not_o afford_v three_o or_o four_o first_o that_o be_v best_o fourteen_o second_o twelve_o three_o eight_o waver_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o which_o proportion_v the_o size_n of_o young_a tree_n in_o copse_a be_v to_o succeed_v one_o another_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 35_o hen._n 8._o in_o copse_n or_o vnderwood_n fell_v at_o twenty_o four_o year_n growth_n there_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v twelve_o standil_n or_o store_v of_o oak_n upon_o each_o acre_n in_o defect_n of_o so_o many_o oak_n the_o same_o number_n of_o elm_n ash_n asp_n or_o beech_n and_o they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v of_o likely_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v spare_v at_o some_o former_a felling_n unless_o there_o be_v none_o in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v to_o be_v then_o leave_v and_o so_o to_o continue_v without_o felling_n till_o they_o be_v ten_o inch_n square_a within_o a_o yard_n of_o ground_n copse_n above_o this_o growth_n fell_v to_o leave_v twelve_o great_a oak_n or_o in_o defect_n of_o they_o other_o timber-tree_n as_o above_o and_o so_o to_o be_v leave_v for_o twenty_o year_n long_o and_o to_o be_v enclose_v seven_o year_n 4._o in_o sum_n you_o be_v to_o spare_v as_o many_o likely_a tree_n for_o timber_n as_o with_o discretion_n you_o can_v and_o as_o to_o the_o fell_n begin_v at_o one_o side_n that_o the_o cart_n may_v enter_v without_o detriment_n to_o what_o you_o leave_v stand_v the_o underwood_n may_v be_v cut_v from_o january_n at_o the_o late_a till_o mid_n march_n or_o april_n or_o from_o mid_a september_n till_o near_o the_o end_n of_o november_n so_o as_o all_o be_v avoid_v by_o midsummer_n at_o the_o late_a and_o then_o fence_v where_o the_o row_v and_o brush_n lie_v long_o unbound_v or_o make_v up_o you_o endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o second_o
easy_o and_o soon_o taint_v his_o bark_n tender_a and_o soon_o wound_v and_o himself_o use_v by_o man_n as_o man_n use_v himself_o that_o be_v either_o unskilful_o or_o careless_o thus_o he_o but_o vossius_fw-la de_fw-fr theolog._n gent._n l._n 5._o c._n 5._o give_v too_o little_a age_n to_o ash_n when_o he_o speak_v but_o of_o one_o hundred_o year_n and_o to_o the_o medica_fw-la pyrus_n prunus_fw-la cornus_n but_o sixty_o he_o have_v as_o good_a have_v hold_v his_o peace_n even_o rosemary_n have_v last_v among_o we_o a_o hundred_o year_n 4._o i_o may_v to_o this_o add_v much_o more_o and_o true_o with_o sufficient_a probability_n that_o the_o age_n of_o timber-tree_n especial_o of_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o compact_n resinous_a or_o balsamical_a nature_n for_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o yew_n box_n horn-beam_n white-thorn_n oak_n walnut_n cedar_n juniper_n etc._n etc._n be_v capable_a of_o very_o long_a duration_n and_o continuance_n those_o of_o large_a root_n a_o sign_n of_o age_n long_o live_v than_o the_o short_a the_o dry_a than_o the_o wet_a and_o the_o gummy_a than_o the_o watery_a sterile_a than_o the_o fruitful_a for_o not_o to_o conclude_v from_o pliny_n hercynian_n oak_n or_o the_o terpentine_a tree_n of_o idumaea_n which_o josephus_n rank_n also_o with_o the_o creation_n i_o mention_v a_o cypress_n yet_o remain_v somewhere_o in_o persia_n near_o a_o old_a sepulchre_n who_o stem_n be_v as_o large_a as_o five_o man_n can_v encompass_v the_o bough_n extend_v fifteen_o pace_n every_o way_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o very_a old_a tree_n believe_v by_o my_o author_n little_o less_o than_o 2500._o year_n of_o age_n the_o particular_n be_v too_o long_o to_o recount_v the_o old_a platanus_n set_v by_o agamemnon_n mention_v by_o theophrastus_n and_o the_o herculean_a oak_n the_o laurel_n near_o hippocren_n the_o vatican_n ilex_fw-la the_o vine_n which_o be_v grow_v to_o that_o bulk_n and_o woodinesse_n as_o to_o make_v column_n in_o juno_n temple_n pliny_n mention_n one_o of_o six_o hundred_o year_n old_a in_o his_o time_n and_o at_o eguan_n the_o late_a duke_n of_o montmoramys_n house_n be_v a_o table_n of_o a_o very_a large_a dimention_n make_v of_o the_o same_o plant_n and_o the_o old_a lotus_fw-la tree_n record_v by_o valerius_n maximus_n and_o the_o quercus_fw-la mariana_n celebrate_v by_o that_o prince_n of_o orator_n pliny_n huge_a larix_n and_o what_o grow_v in_o the_o fortunate_a island_n with_o that_o enormous_a tree_n scaliger_n report_n be_v grow_v in_o the_o troglodyfic_n india_n etc._n etc._n be_v famous_a for_o their_o age_n saint_n hierome_n affirm_v he_o see_v the_o sycomor_n that_o zaccheus_n climb_v up_o to_o behold_v our_o lord_n ride_v in_o triumph_n to_o jerusalem_n and_o now_o in_o the_o aventine_n mount_v they_o show_v we_o the_o malus_n medica_fw-la plant_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o saint_n dominic_n in_o congo_n they_o speak_v of_o tree_n capable_a to_o be_v excavate_v in_o vessel_n that_o will_v contain_v two_o hundred_o man_n a_o piece_n to_o which_o add_v those_o superannuated_a tilia_n now_o at_o basil_n and_o that_o of_o auspurg_n under_o who_o prodigious_a shade_n they_o so_o often_o feast_n and_o celebrate_v their_o wedding_n because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o note_v for_o their_o reverend_a antiquity_n for_o to_o such_o tree_n it_o seem_v they_o pay_v divine_a honour_n as_o the_o near_a emblem_n of_o eternity_n &_o tanquam_fw-la sacros_fw-la ex_fw-la vetustate_fw-la as_o quintilian_n speak_v and_o like_v to_o these_o may_v that_o cypress_n be_v which_o be_v celebrate_v by_o virgil_n near_o to_o another_o monument_n 5._o but_o we_o will_v spare_v our_o reader_n and_o refer_v he_o that_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o multiply_v example_n of_o this_o kind_n to_o those_o undoubted_a record_n our_o naturalist_n mention_n in_o his_o 44._o chap._n lib._n 16._o where_o he_o shall_v read_v of_o scipio_n africanus_n olive-tree_n dianus_fw-la lotus_fw-la the_o ruminal_a figtree_n last_v as_o tacitus_n calculate_v 840_o year_n the_o ilix_n of_o prodigious_a antiquity_n as_o the_o hetruscian_a inscription_n remain_v on_o it_o import_v but_o pausanias_n in_o his_o arcadic_n think_v the_o samian_a vitex_n of_o which_o already_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a tree_n grow_v and_o the_o platan_n set_v by_o menelaus_n to_o these_o he_o add_v the_o delian_a palm_n coevous_a with_o apollo_n himself_o and_o the_o olive_n plant_v by_o minerva_n according_a to_o their_o tradition_n the_o overgrow_a myrtil_n the_o vatican_n holm_n those_o of_o tyburtine_n and_o especial_o that_o near_o to_o tusculum_n who_o body_n be_v thirty_o five_o foot_n about_o beside_o divers_a other_o which_o he_o there_o enumerate_v in_o a_o large_a chapter_n and_o what_o shall_v we_o conjecture_v of_o the_o age_n of_o xerxes_n huge_a platanus_n in_o admiration_n whereof_o he_o stay_v the_o march_n of_o so_o many_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n for_o so_o many_o day_n by_o which_o the_o wise_a socrates_n be_v use_v to_o swear_v and_o certain_o a_o goodly_a tree_n be_v a_o powerful_a attractive_a when_o that_o prudent_a consul_n passienus_n crispus_n fall_v in_o love_n with_o a_o prodigious_a beech_n of_o a_o wonderful_a age_n and_o stature_n and_o that_o wise_a prince_n francis_n the_o first_o with_o a_o huge_a oak_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v so_o curious_o immure_v at_o bituriges_n 6._o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n of_o tiberius_n larch_n employ_v about_o the_o naumachiaria_n which_o be_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n in_o length_n bear_v two_o foot_n diameter_n all_o that_o space_n not_o count_v the_o top_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o mast_n of_o demetrius_n galeasse_n which_o consist_v of_o one_o cedar_n and_o that_o of_o the_o float_v which_o waste_v caligulas_n obelisk_n out_o of_o egypt_n four_o fathom_n in_o circumference_n we_o read_v also_o of_o a_o cedar_n grow_v in_o the_o island_n of_o cyprus_n which_o be_v 130_o foot_n long_o and_o 18_o in_o diameter_n of_o the_o plane_n in_o athens_n who_o root_n extend_v 36_o cubit_n far_o than_o the_o bough_n which_o be_v yet_o exceed_o large_a and_o such_o another_o be_v that_o most_o famous_a tree_n at_o veliternus_fw-la who_o arm_n stretch_v out_o 80_o foot_n from_o the_o stem_n but_o these_o be_v solid_a now_o if_o we_o will_v calculate_v from_o the_o hollow_a beside_o those_o mention_v by_o pliny_n in_o the_o hercynian_a forest_n the_o german_n as_o now_o the_o indian_n have_v of_o old_a some_o punti_n or_o canoe_n of_o excavate_v oak_n which_o will_v well_o contain_v thirty_o some_o forty_o person_n and_o the_o lician_n platanus_n record_v by_o the_o naturalist_n and_o remain_v long_o after_o his_o day_n have_v a_o room_n in_o it_o of_o eighty_o one_o foot_n in_o compass_n adorn_v with_o fountain_n stately_a seat_n and_o table_n of_o stone_n for_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v so_o glorious_a a_o tree_n both_o in_o body_n and_o head_n that_o licinius_n mutianus_n three_o time_n consul_n and_o governor_n of_o that_o province_n use_v to_o feast_v his_o whole_a retinue_n in_o it_o choose_v rather_o to_o lodge_v in_o it_o then_o in_o his_o golden-roofed_n palace_n and_o of_o late_a date_n that_o vast_a cerrus_n in_o which_o a_o eremite_n build_v his_o cell_n and_o chapel_n so_o celebrate_v by_o the_o noble_a fracastorius_fw-la in_o his_o poem_n malteide_a cant._n 8._o stro._n 30._o 7._o compare_v i_o then_o with_o these_o that_o nine-fathom'd-deep_a tree_n speak_v of_o by_o josephus_n à _fw-fr costa_n the_o mastick-tree_n see_v and_o measure_v by_o sir_n francis_n drake_n which_o be_v four_o and_o thirty_o yard_n in_o circuit_n those_o of_o nicaragua_n and_o gambra_n which_o 17_o person_n can_v hardly_o embrace_v in_o india_n say_v pliny_n arbores_n tantae_fw-la proceritatis_fw-la traduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la sagittis_fw-la superari_fw-la nequeant_fw-la and_o add_v which_o i_o think_v material_a and_o therefore_o add_v also_o haec_fw-la facit_fw-la ubertas_fw-la soli_fw-la tempery_n caeli_fw-la &_o aquarum_fw-la abundantia_fw-la such_o be_v those_o tree_n in_o corsica_n and_o near_o memphis_n etc._n etc._n record_v by_o theophrastus_n &c_n &c_n and_o for_o prodigious_a height_n the_o two_o and_o three_o hundred_o foot_n unparalleled_a palms-royal_a describe_v by_o captain_n ligon_n grow_v in_o our_o plantation_n of_o the_o barbados_n or_o those_o goodly_a mast_n of_o fir_n which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o measure_v bring_v from_o new-england_n and_o what_o bembus_n relate_v of_o those_o twenty-fathomed_a antartic-tree_n or_o those_o of_o which_o cardan_n write_v call_v ciba_n which_o rise_v in_o their_o several_a stem_n each_o of_o twenty_o foot_n in_o compass_n and_o as_o far_o distant_a each_o from_o other_o unite_v in_o the_o bowl_n at_o fifteen_o foot_n height_n from_o the_o ground_n compose_v three_o stately_a arch_n and_o thence_o ascend_v in_o a_o shaft_n of_o prodigious_a bulk_n and_o altitude_n such_o tree_n of_o 37_o foot_n diameter_n a_o incredible_a thing_n
thirteen_o foot_n diameter_n at_o the_o kerf_n or_o cut_v place_n near_o the_o root_n in_o the_o same_o park_n two_o year_n since_o mr._n sittwell_n with_o jo._n magson_n do_v choose_v a_o tree_n which_o after_o it_o be_v cut_v and_o say_v aside_o flat_a upon_o a_o level_a ground_n sam._n staniforth_n a_o keeper_n and_o ed._n morphy_n both_o on_o horseback_n can_v not_o see_v over_o the_o tree_n one_o another_o hat-crown_n this_o tree_n be_v afterward_o sell_v for_o 20_o li._n in_o the_o same_o park_n near_o the_o old_a ford_n be_v a_o oak-tree_n yet_o stand_v of_o ten_o yard_n circumference_n halton_n in_o the_o same_o park_n below_o the_o conduit_n plain_a be_v a_o oak-tree_n which_o bear_v a_o top_n who_o bough_n shoot_v from_o the_o boal_n some_o fifteen_o and_o some_o sixteen_o yard_n then_o admit_v 15½_n yard_n for_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a extent_n of_o the_o bough_n from_o the_o boal_n which_o be_v double_v be_v 31_o yard_n and_o if_o it_o be_v imagine_v for_o a_o diameter_n because_o the_o ratio_fw-la of_o the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n be_v 113_o 355_o it_o follow_v 113.355_o ∷_o 31.97_o 44_o 113_o yard_n which_o be_v the_o circumference_n belong_v to_o this_o diameter_n then_o far_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a in_o geometry_n that_o half_o the_o diameter_n multiply_v into_o half_a the_o circumference_n produce_v the_o area_n or_o quantity_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o that_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 754347_o 452_o which_o be_v 755_o square_a yard_n ferè_fw-la then_o last_o if_o a_o horse_n can_v be_v limit_v to_o three_o square_a yard_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o which_o may_v seem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n of_o three_o yard_n long_o and_o one_o yard_n broad_a then_o may_v 251_o horse_n be_v well_o say_v to_o stand_v under_o the_o shade_n of_o this_o tree_n but_o of_o the_o more_o northern_a cattle_n certain_o above_o twice_o that_o number_n worksopp-park_n 16._o in_o this_o park_n at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o bradshaw-rail_a lie_v the_o boal_n of_o a_o oak-tree_n which_o be_v twenty_o nine_o foot_n about_o and_o will_v be_v find_v thirty_o if_o it_o can_v be_v just_o measure_v because_o it_o lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n homer_n and_o the_o length_n of_o this_o boal_n be_v ten_o foot_n and_o no_o arm_n nor_o branch_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o same_o park_n at_o the_o white_a gate_n a_o tree_n do_v stand_v that_o be_v from_o bough_n end_n to_o bough_n end_n that_o be_v hall_n from_o the_o extreme_a end_n of_o two_o opposite_a bough_n 180_o foot_n which_o be_v witness_v by_o jo._n magson_n and_o geo._n hall_n and_o measure_v by_o they_o both_o then_o because_o 180_o foot_n or_o 60_o yard_n be_v the_o diameter_n 30_o yard_n will_v be_v the_o semidiameter_n and_o by_o the_o former_a analogy_n 113.355_o ∷_o 60_o 188½_n and_o 1.30_o ∷_o 94¼_n 2827½_n that_o be_v the_o content_a of_o ground_n upon_o which_o this_o tree_n perpendicular_o drop_v be_v above_o 2827_o square_a yard_n which_o be_v above_o half_a a_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o assign_v three_o square_a yard_n as_o above_o for_o a_o horse_n there_o may_v 942_o be_v well_o say_v to_o stand_v in_o this_o compass_n in_o the_o same_o park_n after_o many_o hundred_o sell_v and_o carry_v away_o there_o be_v a_o tree_n which_o do_v yield_v quarter-cliff_n bottom_n that_o be_v a_o yard_n square_a and_o there_o be_v of_o they_o to_o be_v see_v in_o worksopp_n at_o this_o day_n magson_n and_o some_o table_n make_v of_o the_o say_a quarter-cliff_n likewise_o in_o the_o same_o park_n in_o the_o place_n there_o call_v the_o hawks-nest_n be_v tree_n forty_o foot_n long_o of_o timber_n which_o will_v bear_v two_o foot_n square_a at_o the_o top-end_n or_o height_n of_o forty_o foot_n if_o then_o a_o square_n who_o side_n be_v two_o foot_n be_v inscribe_v in_o a_o circle_n the_o proportion_n at_o that_o circle_n be_v foot_n diameter_n 2_o 8284_o circumference_n 8_o 8858_o area_n 6_o 2831_o and_o because_o a_o tun_n of_o timber_n be_v say_v to_o contain_v forty_o solid_a foot_n one_o of_o these_o column_n of_o oak_n will_v contain_v above_o six_o tun_n of_o timber_n and_o a_o quarter_n in_o this_o computation_n take_v they_o to_o be_v cylinder_n and_o not_o taper_v like_o the_o segment_n of_o a_o cone_n welbeek-lane_n 17._o the_o oak_n which_o stand_v in_o this_o lane_n call_v grindal_n oak_n have_v at_o these_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o ground_n these_o circumference_n  _fw-fr foot_n foot_n  _fw-fr inch_n at_o 1_o 33_o 01_o at_o 2_o 28_o 05_o at_o 6_o 25_o 07_o the_o breadth_n be_v from_o bough-end_n to_o bough-end_n i_o diametrical_o 88_o foot_n the_o height_n from_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o top-most_a bough_n 81_o foot_n this_o dimension_n take_v from_o the_o proportion_n that_o a_o gnomon_n bear_v to_o the_o shadow_n there_o be_v three_o arm_n break_v off_o and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o eight_o very_a large_a one_o yet_o remain_v which_o be_v very_a 〈◊〉_d good_a timber_n 88_o foot_n be_v 29â…“_n yard_n which_o be_v in_o this_o case_n admit_v for_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o square_a yard_n in_o that_o circumference_n will_v be_v 676_o ferè_fw-la and_o then_o allow_v three_o yard_n as_o before_o for_o a_o beast_n leave_v 225_o beast_n which_o may_v possible_o stand_v under_o this_o tree_n but_o the_o lords-oak_n that_o stand_v in_o rivelin_n be_v in_o diameter_n three_o yard_n and_o twenty_o eight_o inch_n and_o exceed_v this_o in_o circumference_n three_o foot_n at_o one_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n shire-oak_n shire-oak_n be_v a_o tree_n stand_v in_o the_o ground_n late_a sir_n tho._n hewet_v homeâ—_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o worksopp-park_n which_o drop_v into_o three_o shire_n viz._n york_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o bough-end_n to_o bough-end_n be_v ninety_o foot_n or_o thirty_o yard_n this_o circumference_n will_v contain_v near_o 707_o square_a yard_n sufficient_a to_o shade_v 235_o horse_n thus_o far_o the_o accurate_a mr._n halton_n 18._o be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n of_o credit_n that_o a_o oak_n in_o sheffield-park_n call_v the_o ladies-oak_n fell_v contain_v forty_o two_o tun_n of_o timber_n which_o have_v arm_n that_o hold_v at_o least_o four_o foot_n square_a for_o ten_o yard_n in_o length_n the_o body_n six_o foot_n of_o clear_a timber_n that_o in_o the_o same_o park_n one_o may_v have_v choose_v above_o 1000_o tree_n worth_a above_o 6000_o li._n another_o 1000_o worth_n 4000_o li._n &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la to_o this_o m._n halton_n reply_v that_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o lords-oak_n already_o mention_v to_o have_v grow_v in_o rivelin_n for_o now_o rivelin_n itself_o be_v total_o destitute_a of_o that_o issue_n she_o once_o may_v have_v glory_v in_o of_o oak_n there_o be_v only_o the_o hall-park_n adjoin_v which_o keep_v up_o with_o its_o number_n of_o oak_n and_o as_o to_o the_o computation_n of_o 1000_o tree_n former_o in_o sheffield-park_n worth_a 6000_o li._n it_o be_v believe_v there_o be_v a_o thousand_o much_o above_o that_o value_n since_o in_o what_o be_v now_o enclose_v it_o be_v evident_a touch_v 100_o worth_n a_o thousand_o pound_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o a_o oak_n i_o think_v in_o shropshire_n grow_v late_o in_o a_o coppse_n of_o my_o lord_n cravens_n yield_v 19_o tun_n and_o half_a of_o timber_n 2d_o cord_n of_o firewood_n 2_o load_n of_o brush_n and_o 2_o load_n of_o bark_n and_o my_o worthy_a friend_n leonard_n pinckney_n esq_n late_o first_o clerk_n of_o his_o majesty_n kitchen_n from_o who_o i_o receive_v the_o first_o hint_n of_o many_o of_o these_o particular_n do_v assure_v i_o that_o one_o john_n garland_n build_v a_o very_a handsome_a barn_n contain_v five_o bays_n with_o pan_n post_n beam_n spars_n etc._n etc._n of_o one_o sole_a tree_n grow_v in_o worksopp-park_n i_o will_v close_v this_o with_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o great_o value_v because_o it_o be_v transmit_v to_o i_o from_o that_o honourable_a and_o noble_a person_n sir_n ed._n harley_n i_o be_o say_v he_o assure_v by_o a_o inquisition_n take_v about_o 300_o year_n since_o that_o a_o park_n of_o i_o and_o some_o adjacent_a wood_n have_v not_o then_o a_o tree_n capable_a to_o bear_v acorn_n yet_o that_o very_a park_n i_o have_v see_v full_a of_o great_a oak_n and_o most_o of_o they_o in_o the_o extreme_a wane_n of_o decay_n the_o trunk_n of_o one_o of_o these_o oak_n afford_v so_o much_o timber_n as_o upon_o the_o place_n will_v have_v yield_v 15_o li._n and_o do_v complete_o seat_n with_o waine-scot_n pues_z a_o whole_a church_n you_o may_v please_v say_v he_o write_v to_o sir_n rob._n morray_n to_o remember_v when_o you_o be_v here_o you_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o large_a tree_n new_o fall_v when_o it_o be_v wrought_v up_o it_o prove_v very_o
of_o the_o palm_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o amorous_a intertwine_v of_o root_n in_o my_o opinion_n we_o may_v with_o more_o reason_n call_v that_o the_o female_a which_o bear_v any_o eminent_a fruit_n or_o seed_n and_o they_o males_n who_o produce_v none_o but_o sometime_o too_o the_o rudeness_n or_o less_o asperity_n of_o the_o leaf_n bark_n and_o grain_n nay_o their_o medical_n operation_n may_v deserve_v the_o distinction_n to_o which_o aristotle_n add_v branchinesse_n less_o moisture_n quick_a maturity_n etc._n etc._n l._n 1._o de_fw-fr pl._n c._n 3._o all_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o conspicuous_a in_o plum-tree_n holly_n ash_n quince_n pear_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n not_o to_o insist_v on_o such_o as_o may_v be_v compel_v even_o to_o change_v as_o it_o be_v their_o sex_n by_o graft_n and_o artificial_a improvement_n but_o i_o only_a hint_n it_o and_o return_v to_o 31._o felling_n which_o shall_v be_v as_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o possible_a may_v be_v if_o you_o design_v a_o renascency_n from_o the_o root_n unless_o you_o will_v grub_v for_o a_o total_a destruction_n or_o the_o use_n of_o that_o part_n we_o have_v already_o mention_v so_o far_o superior_a in_o goodness_n to_o what_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o root_n and_o beside_o the_o long_a you_o cut_v and_o convert_v the_o timber_n the_o better_a for_o many_o use_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o seedle_a oak_n shall_v never_o be_v cut_v to_o improve_v his_o boal_n because_o say_v they_o it_o produce_v a_o radish_n wood_n not_o so_o acceptable_a to_o the_o workman_n and_o that_o the_o tree_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o head_n of_o his_o mother_n do_v seldom_o prove_v good_a timber_n it_o be_v observe_v indeed_o that_o one_o foot_n of_o timber_n near_o the_o root_n though_o divers_a i_o know_v who_o otherwise_o opine_n and_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a kerfe_n or_o cut_v place_n be_v worth_a three_o far_a off_o and_o haply_o the_o successor_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v tender_a than_o what_o be_v cut_v off_o to_o give_v it_o place_n but_o let_v this_o be_v inquire_v into_o at_o leisure_n 32._o when_o your_o tree_n be_v thus_o prostrate_a strip_v off_o the_o bark_n and_o set_v it_o so_o as_o it_o may_v best_o dry_v then_o cleanse_v the_o boal_n of_o the_o branch_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o see_v it_o into_o length_n for_o the_o square_n to_o which_o belong_v the_o measure_n and_o girth_n as_o our_o workman_n call_v it_o which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o buyer_n and_o to_o many_o subsidiary_a book_n late_o print_v wherein_o it_o be_v teach_v by_o a_o very_a familiar_a calcule_n mechanical_a and_o easy_a method_n 33._o but_o by_o none_o in_o my_o apprehension_n set_v forth_o in_o a_o more_o facile_a and_o accurate_a way_n than_o what_o that_o industrious_a mathematician_n mr._n leybourn_n have_v publish_a in_o his_o late_a line_n of_o proportion_n make_v easie_n and_o other_o his_o labour_n where_o he_o treat_v as_o well_o of_o the_o square_a as_o the_o round_a as_o it_o be_v applicable_a to_o board_n and_o superficial_o and_o to_o timber_n which_o be_v hew_v or_o less_o rough_a in_o so_o easy_a a_o method_n as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o desire_v i_o know_v our_o ordinary_a carpenter_n etc._n etc._n have_v general_o upon_o their_o ruler_n a_o line_n which_o they_o usual_o call_v gunters-line_n but_o they_o few_o of_o they_o understand_v how_o to_o work_v from_o it_o and_o divers_a country_n gentleman_n steward_n and_o woodman_n when_o they_o be_v to_o measure_v rough_a timber_n upon_o the_o ground_n confide_v much_o to_o the_o gird_a which_o they_o do_v with_o a_o string_n at_o about_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n distance_n from_o the_o root_n or_o great_a extreme_a of_o the_o string_n length_n they_o take_v a_o quarter_n for_o the_o true_a square_n which_o be_v so_o manifest_o erroneous_a that_o thereby_o they_o make_v every_o tree_n so_o measure_v more_o than_o a_o five_o part_v less_o than_o real_o it_o be_v this_o mistake_n will_v therefore_o be_v reform_v and_o it_o be_v i_o conceive_v worth_a the_o seller_n while_n to_o inspect_v it_o according_o their_o argument_n be_v that_o when_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v strip_v and_o the_o body_n hew_v to_o a_o square_a it_o will_v then_o hold_v out_o no_o more_o measure_n that_o which_o be_v cut_v off_o be_v only_o fit_a for_o fuel_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o square_n cost_v more_o than_o the_o chip_n be_v worth_a but_o let_v we_o however_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o error_n by_o confront_v mr._n leybourn_v table_n prob._n i._n a_o tree_n be_v 68_o inch_n about_o to_o find_v how_o much_o thereof_o in_o length_n will_v make_v one_o foot_n square_a sol._n a_o four_o part_n of_o 60_o inch_n be_v 15_o which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o due_a square_n wherefore_o look_v for_o 15_o inch_n viz._n one_o foot_n three_o inch_n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o the_o first_o table_n and_o opposite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o second_o column_n you_o shall_v find_v 7_o inch_n 6_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v somewhat_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n will_v make_v one_o foot_n square_a again_o prob._n ii_o a_o tree_n be_v 136_o inch_n about_o and_o 9_o foot_n in_o length_n to_o know_v how_o many_o solid_a foot_n the_o tree_n contain_v sol._n the_o four_o part_n of_o 136_o be_v 34_o inch_n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o the_o second_o table_n and_o 9_o foot_n in_o the_o head_n of_o it_o and_o opposite_a to_o the_o 34_o inch_n and_o under_o 9_o foot_n you_o shall_v find_v 72.25_o viz._n 72_o foot_n ¼_n and_o for_o so_o much_o you_o may_v sell_v it_o and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v yet_o less_o than_o the_o true_a content_n by_o above_o a_o five_o part_n but_o suppose_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v there_o be_v no_o such_o waste_n as_o be_v pretend_v you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o three_o table_n how_o much_o in_o length_n of_o any_o cylendrical_a timber_n who_o gird_a be_v know_v will_v make_v a_o foot_n solid_a and_o consequent_o detect_v the_o error_n of_o the_o former_a customary_a practice_n prob._n iii_o a_o tree_n be_v 60_o inch_n circumference_n to_o know_v how_o much_o thereof_o will_v make_v a_o cubical_a foot_n sol._n find_v 60_o inch_n in_o the_o first_o column_n and_o opposite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o second_o column_n you_o shall_v find_v 0-6-0_a which_o be_v to_o say_v 6_o inch_n only_o the_o consectarie_n be_v that_o 6_o inch_n in_o length_n of_o a_o tree_n 60_o inch_n circumference_n will_v make_v a_o foot_n solid_a whereas_o by_o the_o other_o usual_a procedure_n you_o find_v there_o must_v be_v 7_o inch_n and_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n to_o make_v so_o much_o which_o be_v above_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a too_o much_o in_o every_o foot_n be_v length_n and_o what_o that_o amount_n to_o in_o many_o foot_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v so_o suppose_v a_o tree_n be_v but_o 29_o inch_n in_o circumference_n the_o same_o table_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n show_v that_o it_o require_v but_o 1_o foot_n 2_o inch_n and_o 3_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n to_o make_v it_o a_o foot_n solid_a of_o timber_n and_o thus_o of_o any_o number_n as_o far_o as_o you_o will_v enlarge_v your_o table_n but_o then_o imagine_v that_o the_o side_n of_o the_o square_n at_o the_o extremity_n of_o square_v timber_n be_v unequal_a as_o frequent_o it_o happen_v by_o sometime_o 5_o 6_o 10_o or_o more_o inch_n difference_n some_o artificer_n think_v they_o encounter_v this_o well_o enough_o by_o add_v the_o two_o side_n together_o and_o take_v the_o moiety_n of_o the_o side_n for_o the_o true_a square_n but_o this_o be_v as_o erroneous_a as_o the_o other_o especial_o if_o the_o side_n differ_v considerable_o v_o g._n let_v one_o side_n be_v 30_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o 138_o these_o add_v make_v 213_o the_o half_a whereof_o be_v 106½_n which_o they_o estimate_v for_o the_o true_a square_n whereas_o in_o truth_n the_o right_a square_n be_v 74_o inch_n and_o one_o ten_o part_n which_o demonstrate_v the_o error_n to_o be_v 32_o inch_n and_o 4_o ten_o to_o reform_v therefore_o this_o egregious_a mistake_n the_o four_o table_n may_v be_v calculate_v to_o what_o number_n of_o inch_n you_o desire_v example_n prob._n iu._n one_o side_n of_o a_o square_a of_o timber_n contain_v 16_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o 25_o to_o find_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a unto_o it_o sol._n first_o find_v 16_o inch_n in_o the_o four_o table_n opposite_a to_o it_o you_o have_v this_o number_n 120411._o then_o find_v out_o 25_o inch_n and_o opposite_a to_o that_o occur_v 139794_o which_o add_v produce_v 260205_o and_o the_o half_a of_o it_o 130102½_n find_v in_o the_o table_n this_o number_n or_o the_o near_a you_o can_v
24_o 70_o 02_o 78_o 80_o 34_o 48_o 17_o 56_o 19_o 64_o 22_o 72_o 25_o 80_o 28_o 49_o 58_o 57_o 84_o 66_o 10_o 74_o 37_o 82_o 63_o 35_o 51_o 04_o 59_o 55_o 68_o 05_o 76_o 56_o 85_o 07_o 52_o 50_o 61_o 25_o 70_o 00_o 78_o 75_o 87_o 50_o 36_o 45_o 00_o 63_o 00_o 72_o 00_o s1_n 00_o 90_o 00_o table_n v._o the_o breadth_n of_o plank_n in_o foot_n and_o inch_n the_o length_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a in_o foot_n and_o 10_o part_n of_o inches_n f._n in._n f._n in._n pts._n 0_o 1_o 12_o 0_o 0_o 2_o 6_o 0_o 0_o 3_o 4_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 3_o 0_o 0_o 5_o 2_o 4_o 8_o 6_o 2_o 0_o 0_o 7_o 1_o 8_o 6_o 8_o 1_o 6_o 0_o 9_o 1_o 4_o 0_o 10_o 1_o 2_o 4_o 11_o 1_o 1_o 1_o i_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 11_o 8_o 2_o 0_o 10_o 3_o 3_o 0_o 9_o 6_o 4_o 0_o 9_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 8_o 5_o 6_o 0_o 8_o 0_o 7_o 0_o 7_o 6_o 8_o 0_o 7_o 2_o 9_o 0_o 6_o 8_o 10_o 0_o 6_o 5_o 11_o 0_o 6_o 2_o two_o 0_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 5_o 8_o 2_o 0_o 5_o 5_o 3_o 0_o 5_o 3_o 4_o 0_o 5_o 1_o 5_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 4_o 8_o 7_o 0_o 4_o 7_o 8_o 0_o 4_o 5_o 9_o 0_o 4_o 4_o 10_o 0_o 4_o 2_o 11_o 0_o 4_o 1_o iii_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 0_o 34._o if_o you_o be_v to_o remove_v your_o timber_n let_v the_o dew_n be_v first_o off_o and_o the_o southwind_n blow_v before_o you_o draw_v it_o neither_o shall_v you_o by_o any_o mean_n put_v it_o to_o use_v for_o three_o or_o four_o month_n after_o unless_o great_a necessity_n urge_v you_o as_o it_o do_v duilius_n who_o in_o the_o punic_a war_n build_v his_o fleet_n of_o timber_n before_o it_o be_v season_v be_v not_o above_o two_o month_n from_o the_o very_a felling_n to_o the_o launch_v and_o as_o be_v also_o those_o navy_n of_o hiero_n after_o forty_o day_n and_o that_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o three_o carthaginean_a war_n from_o the_o very_a forest_n to_o the_o sea_n july_n be_v a_o good_a time_n for_o bring_v home_o your_o fell_v timber_n but_o concern_v the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o felling_n a_o just_a treatise_n may_v be_v write_v let_v the_o learned_a therefore_o consult_v vitruvius_n particular_o on_o this_o subject_n l._n 2._o c._n 19_o also_o m._n cato_n c._n 17._o plin._n l._n 16._o c._n 31._o constantinus_n and_o heron._n l._n 3._o de_fw-fr rr._n veget._n l._n 4._o c._n 35._o columella_n l._n 3._o c._n 2._o but_o especial_o the_o most_o ample_a theophrastus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 5._o note_v that_o a_o tun_n of_o timber_n be_v forty_o solid_a foot_n a_o load_n fifty_o 35._o to_o make_v excellent_a board_n and_o plank_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o some_o you_o shall_v bark_n your_o tree_n in_o a_o fit_a season_n and_o so_o let_v they_o stand_v naked_a a_o full_a year_n before_o the_o fell_n and_o in_o some_o case_n and_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v profitable_a but_o let_v these_o with_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n of_o the_o several_a kind_n suffice_v for_o this_o article_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o advertisement_n of_o caution_n to_o those_o noble_a person_n and_o other_o who_o have_v grove_n and_o tree_n of_o ornament_n near_o their_o house_n and_o in_o their_o garden_n in_o london_n and_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a stature_n and_o well_o grow_v such_o as_o be_v the_o grove_n in_o the_o several_a inn_n of_o court_n nay_o even_o that_o comparative_o new_a plantation_n in_o my_o lord_n of_o bedford_n garden_n etc._n etc._n and_o wherever_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o more_o interior_a part_n of_o the_o city_n that_o they_o be_v not_o over_o hasty_a or_o by_o any_o mean_v persuade_v to_o cut_v down_o any_o of_o their_o old_a tree_n upon_o hope_n of_o new_a more_o flourish_a plantation_n thickening_a or_o repair_v deformity_n because_o they_o grow_v so_o well_o when_o first_o they_o be_v set_v it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v how_o exceed_o that_o pernicious_a smoke_n of_o the_o sea-coal_n be_v increase_v in_o and_o about_o london_n since_o they_o be_v first_o plant_v and_o the_o building_n environ_v they_o and_o enclose_v it_o in_o among_o they_o which_o do_v so_o universal_o contaminate_v the_o air_n that_o what_o plantation_n of_o tree_n shall_v be_v now_o begin_v in_o any_o of_o those_o place_n will_v have_v much_o ado_n great_a difficulty_n and_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o tolerable_a perfection_n therefore_o let_v they_o make_v much_o of_o what_o they_o have_v and_o though_o i_o discourage_v none_o yet_o i_o can_v animate_v none_o to_o cut_v down_o the_o old_a 36._o and_o here_o may_v now_o come_v in_o a_o pretty_a speculation_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o reason_n after_o general_a felling_n and_o extirpation_n of_o vast_a wood_n of_o one_o species_n the_o next_o spontaneous_a succession_n shall_v be_v of_o quite_o a_o different_a sort_n we_o see_v indeed_o something_o of_o this_o in_o our_o garden_n and_o corn_n field_n as_o the_o best_a of_o poet_n witness_n but_o that_o may_v be_v much_o impute_v to_o the_o alteration_n by_o improvement_n or_o detriment_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o other_o accident_n whatever_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v since_o it_o appear_v not_o in_o any_o universal_a decay_n of_o nature_n sufficient_o explode_v i_o shall_v only_o here_o produce_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o it_o ordinary_o happen_v as_o in_o some_o goodly_a wood_n former_o belong_v to_o my_o grandfather_n that_o be_v all_o of_o oak_n after_o fell_v they_o universal_o spring_v up_o beech_n and_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o general_a experience_n that_o after_o beech_n birch_n succeed_v as_o in_o that_o famous_a wood_n at_o darnway_n on_o the_o river_n tindarne_v in_o the_o province_n of_o moray_n in_o scotland_n where_o nothing_o have_v grow_v but_o oak_n in_o a_o wood_n three_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o happy_o more_o southerly_a it_o may_v have_v be_v beech_n and_o not_o birch_n till_o the_o three_o degradation_n birche_n familiar_o grow_v out_o of_o old_a and_o decay_a oak_n but_o whence_o this_o sympathy_n and_o affection_n shall_v proceed_v be_v more_o difficult_a to_o resolve_v in_o as_o much_o as_o we_o do_v not_o detect_v any_o so_o prolifical_a and_o eminent_a seed_n in_o that_o tree_n some_o accident_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o bird_n who_o frequent_o have_v be_v know_v to_o waste_v and_o convey_v seed_n to_o place_n wide_o distant_a as_o we_o have_v touch_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o fir_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 4._o holly_n have_v be_v see_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o ash_n as_o ash_n out_o of_o several_a tree_n especial_o hei-thorn_n nay_o in_o a_o old_a rot_a ash-stump_n in_o a_o place_n where_o no_o ash_n at_o all_o grow_v by_o many_o mile_n in_o the_o whole_a county_n and_o i_o have_v have_v it_o confident_o assert_v by_o person_n of_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o they_o have_v see_v a_o tree_n cut_v in_o the_o middle_n who_o heart_n be_v ash-wood_n and_o the_o exterior_a part_n oak_n and_o this_o in_o northamptonshire_n and_o why_o not_o as_o well_o though_o with_o something_o more_o difficulty_n as_o through_o a_o willow_n who_o body_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o penetrate_v even_o to_o the_o earth_n obtrude_a the_o willow_n quite_o out_o of_o its_o place_n of_o which_o a_o pretty_a emblem_n may_v be_v conceive_v but_o i_o pursue_v these_o instance_n no_o far_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o norway_n engine_n or_o saw-mill_n to_o be_v either_o move_v with_o the_o force_n of_o water_n or_o wind_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o more_o expedite_a cut_n and_o convert_v of_o timber_n to_o which_o we_o will_v add_v another_o for_o the_o more_o facile_a perforation_n and_o bore_v of_o elm_n or_o other_o timber_n to_o make_v pipe_n and_o aqueduct_n and_o the_o excavate_v of_o column_n to_o preserve_v their_o shaft_n from_o split_a to_o which_o otherwise_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a the_o frame_v of_o both_o these_o instrument_n discover_v themselves_o sufficient_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o will_v need_v the_o less_o description_n there_o be_v yet_o this_o reformation_n from_o those_o which_o they_o use_v both_o in_o norway_n and_o switzerland_n that_o whereas_o they_o make_v the_o timber_n approach_v the_o saw_n by_o certain_a indent_a wheel_n with_o a_o rochet_n which_o be_v frequent_o out_o of_o order_n there_o be_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n a_o substitution_n of_o two_o counterpoise_n of_o about_o three_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n each_o as_o you_o may_v see_v at_o a.a._n fasten_v the_o cord_n to_o which_o they_o append_v at_o the_o extreme_n of_o two_o movable_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o slide_v on_o two_o other_o piece_n
cleave_v as_o what_o be_v hew_v nor_o that_o which_o be_v square_v as_o what_o be_v round_o and_o therefore_o where_o use_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o huge_a and_o massy_a column_n let_v they_o be_v bore_v through_o from_o end_n to_o end_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a preservative_n from_o split_v and_o not_o un-philosophical_a though_o to_o cure_v this_o accident_n the_o rub_v they_o over_o with_o a_o wax-cloth_n be_v good_a painter_n putty_n etc._n etc._n or_o before_o it_o be_v convert_v the_o smear_v the_o timber_n over_o with_o cowdung_n which_o prevent_v the_o effect_n both_o of_o sun_n and_o air_n upon_o it_o if_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v lie_v expose_v but_o beside_o the_o former_a remedy_n i_o find_v this_o for_o the_o close_n of_o the_o chap_n and_o cleft_n of_o green-timber_n to_o anoint_v and_o supple_a it_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o powder_a beef-broth_n with_o which_o it_o must_v be_v well_o soak_v the_o chasm'_v fill_v with_o sponge_n dip_v into_o it_o this_o to_o be_v twice_o do_v over_o some_o carpenter_n make_v use_v of_o grease_n and_o sawdust_n mingle_v but_o the_o first_o be_v so_o good_a a_o way_n say_v my_o author_n that_o i_o have_v see_v wind-shock-timber_n so_o exquisite_o close_v as_o not_o to_o be_v discern_v where_o the_o defect_n be_v this_o must_v be_v use_v when_o the_o timber_n be_v green_a 6._o we_o speak_v before_o of_o square_n and_o i_o will_v now_o recommend_v the_o quarter_a of_o such_o tree_n as_o will_v allow_v useful_a and_o competent_a scantlings_n to_o be_v of_o much_o more_o durableness_n and_o effect_n for_o strength_n than_o where_o as_o custom_n be_v and_o for_o want_v of_o observation_n whole_a beam_n and_o timber_n be_v apply_v in_o ship_n or_o house_n with_o slab_n and_o all_o about_o they_o upon_o false_a supposition_n of_o strength_n beyond_o these_o quarter_n for_o there_o be_v in_o all_o tree_n a_o evident_a interstice_n or_o separation_n between_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n which_o render_v it_o much_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o decay_v and_o miscarry_v than_o when_o they_o be_v treat_v and_o convert_v as_o i_o have_v describe_v it_o and_o it_o will_v likewise_o save_v a_o world_n of_o material_n in_o the_o building_n of_o great_a ship_n where_o so_o much_o excellent_a timber_n be_v hew_v away_o to_o spoil_v be_v it_o more_o in_o practice_n final_o 7._o i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o coat_a of_o timber_n in_o work_n use_v by_o the_o hollander_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o gate_n port-cullis's_a draw-bridge_n sluice_n and_o other_o huge_a beam_n and_o contignation_n of_o timber_n expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o perpetual_a injury_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o pitch_n and_o tar_n upon_o which_o they_o strew_v small_a piece_n of_o cockle_n and_o other_o shell_n beat_v almost_o to_o powder_n and_o mingle_v with_o sea-sand_n or_o the_o scale_n of_o iron_n beat_v small_a and_o siefted_a which_o incrust_n and_o arm_n it_o after_o a_o incredible_a manner_n against_o all_o these_o assault_n and_o foreign_a invader_n but_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v deem_v more_o obnoxious_a to_o fire_v i_o have_v hear_v that_o a_o wash_v make_v of_o alum_n have_v wonderful_o protect_v it_o against_o the_o assault_n even_o of_o that_o devour_a element_n and_o that_o so_o a_o wooden_a tower_n or_o fort_n at_o the_o piraeum_n a_o athenian_a port_n be_v defend_v by_o archelaus_n a_o commander_n of_o mithridates_n from_o the_o great_a sylla_n 8._o timber_n that_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v in_o mortar_n or_o which_o be_v in_o any_o part_n contiguous_a to_o lime_n as_o door_n window-case_n ground-sills_a and_o the_o extremity_n of_o beam_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v cape_v with_o melt_a pitch_n which_o will_v be_v a_o marvellous_a preserver_n of_o it_o from_o the_o burn_a and_o destructive_a effect_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o in_o defect_n of_o pitch_n loam_n or_o clay_n will_v prove_v a_o tolerable_a defence_n 9_o for_o all_o use_n that_o timber_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a which_o be_v the_o most_o ponderous_a and_o which_o lie_v long_o make_v deep_a impression_n in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o water_n be_v float_v also_o what_o be_v without_o knot_n yet_o firm_a and_o free_a from_o sap_n which_o be_v that_o fatty_a white_a and_o soft_a part_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_n alburnum_fw-la which_o you_o be_v diligent_o to_o hew_v away_o here_o we_o have_v much_o ado_n about_o the_o porulus_fw-la of_o the_o fir_n and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o both_o vitruvius_n and_o theophrastus_n which_o i_o pass_v over_o you_o shall_v perceive_v some_o which_o have_v a_o spiral_n convolution_n of_o the_o vein_n but_o it_o be_v a_o vice_n proceed_v from_o the_o severity_n of_o unseasonable_a winter_n and_o defect_n of_o good_a nutriment_n 10._o my_o lord_n bacon_n exp._n 658._o recommend_v for_o trial_n of_o a_o sound_n or_o knotty_a piece_n of_o timber_n to_o cause_v one_o to_o speak_v at_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n to_o his_o companion_n listen_v at_o the_o other_o for_o if_o it_o be_v knotty_a the_o sound_n say_v he_o will_v come_v abrupt_a 11._o moreover_o it_o be_v expedient_a that_o you_o know_v which_o be_v the_o grain_n and_o which_o be_v the_o vein_n in_o timber_n whence_o the_o term_n fluviari_fw-la arborem_fw-la because_o of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o work_v against_o it_o those_o therefore_o be_v the_o vein_n which_o grow_v large_a and_o be_v soft_a for_o the_o benefit_n of_o cleave_v and_o hew_v that_o the_o grain_n or_o pectines_n which_o run_v in_o wave_n and_o make_v the_o divers_a and_o beautiful_a chamfer_n which_o some_o wood_n abound_v in_o to_o admiration_n the_o grain_n of_o beech_n run_v two_o contrary_a way_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v wrought_v according_o 12._o here_o it_o may_v be_v fit_o inquire_v whether_o of_o all_o the_o sort_n we_o have_v enumerate_v the_o old_a or_o the_o young_a tree_n do_v yield_v the_o fair_a colour_n pleasant_a grain_n and_o gloss_n for_o wainscot_n cabinet_n box_n gun-stock_n etc._n etc._n and_o what_o kind_n of_o pear_n and_o plum-tree_n give_v the_o deep_a red_a and_o approach_v near_a in_o beauty_n to_o brasil_n it_o be_v affirm_v the_o old-oake_n old_a walnut_n and_o young-ash_n be_v best_a for_o most_o use_n black_a and_o thorny_a plum-tree_n be_v of_o the_o deep_a oriency_n but_o whether_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o forest_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v and_o therefore_o have_v assign_v they_o no_o chapter_n apart_o 13._o i_o will_v also_o add_v something_o concern_v what_o wood_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v most_o sonorous_a for_o musical_a instrument_n we_o as_o yet_o detect_v few_o but_o the_o german_a fir_n which_o be_v a_o species_n of_o maple_n for_o the_o rimm_n of_o viol_n and_o the_o choice_a and_o fine_a grain_v fir_n for_o the_o belly_n the_o finger-board_n back_o and_o rib_n i_o have_v see_v of_o yew_n pear-tree_n etc._n etc._n but_o pipe_n recorder_n and_o wind-instrument_n be_v make_v both_o of_o hard_a and_o soft_a wood_n i_o have_v late_o a_o organ_n with_o a_o set_n of_o oaken-pipe_n which_o be_v the_o most_o sweet_a and_o mellow_a that_o be_v ever_o hear_v it_o be_v a_o very_a old_a instrument_n and_o former_o i_o think_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n 14._o for_o the_o place_n of_o growth_n that_o timber_n be_v esteem_v best_o which_o grow_v most_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o on_o a_o dry_a and_o hale_v ground_n for_o those_o tree_n which_o suck_v and_o drink_v little_a be_v most_o hard_o robu_v and_o long_a live_v instance_n of_o sobriety_n the_o climate_n contribute_v much_o to_o its_o quality_n and_o the_o northern_a situation_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o quarter_n so_o as_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o tuscany_n be_v of_o old_a thought_n better_o than_o that_o of_o the_o venetian_a side_n and_o tree_n of_o the_o wild_a kind_n and_o barren_a than_o the_o over_o much_o cultivate_v and_o great_a bearer_n but_o of_o this_o already_o 15._o to_o omit_v nothing_o author_n have_v sum_v up_o the_o nature_n of_o timber_n as_o the_o hard_a ebeny_n box_n larch_n lotus_fw-la terebinth_n cornus_n yew_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v best_a to_o receive_v politure_n and_o for_o this_o lin-seed_n or_o the_o sweet_a nut_n oil_n do_v the_o effect_n best_o pliny_n give_v we_o the_o receipt_n with_o a_o decoction_n of_o walnut-shale_n and_o certain_a wild_a pear_n next_o to_o these_o oak_n for_o ship_n and_o house_n or_o more_o minutely_o the_o oak_n for_o the_o keel_n the_o robur_n for_o the_o prow_n walnut_n the_o stern_a elm_n the_o pump_n furnerus_n l._n 1._o c._n 22._o conceive_v the_o ark_n to_o have_v be_v build_v of_o several_a wood_n cornel_n holly_n etc._n etc._n for_o pin_n wedge_n etc._n etc._n chessnut_n horn-beam_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n
then_o for_o buckler_n and_o target_n be_v commend_v the_o more_o soft_a and_o moist_a because_o apt_a to_o close_v swell_v and_o make_v up_o their_o wound_n again_o such_o as_o willow_n lime_n birch_n alder_n elder_a ash_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n the_o robur_n or_o wild-oak_n timber_n best_o to_o stand_v in_o ground_n the_o quercus_fw-la without_o the_o cypress_n fir_n pine_n cedar_n etc._n etc._n for_o post_n and_o column_n because_o of_o their_o erect_a growth_n natural_a and_o comely_a diminution_n then_o again_o it_o be_v note_v that_o oriental_a tree_n be_v hard_a towards_o the_o cortex_fw-la or_o bark_n our_o western_a towards_o the_o middle_n which_o we_o call_v the_o heart_n and_o that_o tree_n which_o bear_v fruit_n or_o but_o little_a be_v more_o durable_a than_o the_o more_o pregnant_a it_o be_v note_v of_o oak_n that_o the_o knot_n of_o a_o inveterate_a tree_n just_o where_o a_o lusty_a arm_n join_v to_o the_o stem_n be_v as_o curious_o vein_a as_o the_o walnut_n which_o omit_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o oak_n i_o here_o observe_v pine_n pitch_n alder_n and_o elm_n be_v excellent_a to_o make_v pump_n and_o conduit-pipe_n and_o for_o all_o water-work_n etc._n etc._n fir_n for_o beam_n bolt_n bar_n be_v tough_a and_o not_o so_o apt_a to_o break_v as_o the_o hard_a oak_n in_o sum_n the_o more_o odoriferous_a tree_n be_v the_o more_o durable_a and_o last_a 16._o here_o far_o for_o the_o use_n of_o timber_n i_o will_v observe_v to_o our_o reader_n some_o other_o particular_n for_o direction_n both_o of_o the_o seller_n and_o buyer_n applicable_a to_o the_o several_a species_n and_o first_o of_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o lath_n allow_v by_o statute_n one_o of_o five_o the_o other_o of_o four_o foot_n long_o because_o of_o the_o different_a interval_n of_o rafter_n that_o of_o five_o have_v 100_o to_o the_o bundle_n those_o of_o four_o 120_o and_o to_o be_v in_o breadth_n 1_o inch_n and_o ½_o and_o half_a inch_n thick_a of_o either_o of_o which_o sort_v there_o be_v three_o viz._n heart-oak_n sap-lathe_n and_o deal-lathe_n which_o also_o differ_v in_o price_n the_o heart-oak_n be_v fit_a to_o lie_v under_o tyl_v the_o second_o sort_n for_o plastr_v of_o side-wall_n and_o the_o three_o for_o ceiling_n because_o they_o be_v straight_o and_o even_o 17._o here_o we_o will_v gratify_v our_o curious_a reader_n with_o as_o curious_a a_o account_n of_o the_o comparative_a strength_n and_o fortitude_n of_o the_o several_a usual_a sort_n of_o timber_n as_o upon_o suggestion_n previous_a to_o this_o work_n it_o be_v several_a time_n experiment_v by_o the_o royal_a society_n though_o omit_v in_o the_o first_o impression_n because_o the_o trial_n be_v not_o complete_a as_o they_o now_o thus_o stand_v in_o our_o register_n march_n 23._o 1663._o the_o experiment_n of_o break_v several_a sort_n of_o wood_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v make_v and_o there_o be_v take_v three_o piece_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o fir_n oak_n and_o ash_n each_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o fir_n weigh_v 81_o 16_o ounce_n and_o be_v break_v with_o 200_o l._n weight_n the_o oak_n weigh_v 12¼_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d break_v with_o 250_o weight_n the_o ash_n weigh_v 10¼_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d break_v with_o 325_o weight_n beside_o there_o be_v take_v 3_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o wood_n each_o of_o ½_o inch_n thick_a and_o 1_o foot_n long_o the_o fir_n weigh_v j_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v break_v with_o â…_n of_o a_o 100_o the_o oak_n weigh_v 1â…_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d break_a with_o â…_n of_o a_o 100_o the_o ash_n weigh_v 1â…œ_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d break_a with_o 100_o l._n again_o there_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o fir_n ½_o inch_n square_a and_o two_o foot_n long_o break_v with_o 33_o l._n a_o piece_n of_o ½_o inch_n thick_a 1_o inch_n broad_a and_o 7_o foot_n long_o break_v with_o 100_o weight_n edge-wise_a and_o a_o piece_n of_o ½_o inch_n thick_a 1½_n broad_a 2_o foot_n long_o break_v with_o 125_o weight_n also_o edge-wise_a the_o experiment_n be_v order_v to_o be_v repeat_v by_o the_o precedent_n to_o sr._n william_n petty_n and_o mr._n hook_n and_o it_o be_v suggest_v by_o some_o of_o the_o company_n that_o in_o these_o trial_n consideration_n may_v be_v have_v of_o the_o age_n knottinesse_n solidity_n several_a soyl_n and_o part_n of_o tree_n etc._n etc._n and_o sr._n robert_n morray_n do_v particular_o add_v that_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v how_o far_o any_o kind_n of_o wood_n bend_v before_o it_o break_v march_v 64._o the_o operator_n give_v a_o account_n of_o more_o piece_n of_o wood_n break_v by_o weight_n viz._n a_o piece_n of_o fir_n 4_o foot_n long_o 2_o inch_n 53_o ounce_n weight_n break_v with_o 800_o l._n weight_n and_o very_o little_a bend_n with_o 750_o by_o which_o the_o hypothesis_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v that_o in_o similar_v piece_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o breaking-weight_n be_v according_a to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o wood-broken_a second_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o fir_n 2_o foot_n long_o 1_o inch_n square_a cut_v away_o from_o the_o middle_a both_o way_n to_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o support_v 250_o l._n weight_n before_o it_o break_v which_o be_v more_o by_o 50_o l._n than_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o thickness_n every_o way_n be_v former_o break_v with_o the_o difference_n be_v guess_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o more_o firmness_n of_o this_o other_o piece_n his_o lordship_n be_v desire_v to_o contribute_v to_o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o experiment_n and_o particular_o to_o consider_v what_o line_n a_o beam_n must_v be_v cut_v in_o and_o how_o thick_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o the_o extreme_a to_o be_v equal_o strong_a which_o be_v bring_v in_o april_n 13_o but_o i_o find_v it_o not_o enter_v april_n 20._o 1664._o the_o experiment_n of_o break_v wood_n be_v prosecute_v and_o there_o be_v take_v two_o piece_n of_o fir_n each_o two_o foot_n long_o and_o 1_o inch_n square_a which_o be_v break_v the_o one_o long-waye_n with_o 300_o l._n weight_n the_o other_o transverse-waye_n with_o 2½_n hundred_o second_o two_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o wood_n each_o of_o ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n square_a and_o two_o foot_n long_o break_a the_o one_o long_a way_n with_o 1¼_n hundred_o the_o other_o transverse_n with_o 100_o l._n weight_n three_o one_o piece_n of_o 2_o foot_n long_a ½_o inch_n square_a break_v longwayes_o with_o 81_o l._n four_o one_o piece_n cut_v out_o of_o a_o crooked_a oken-billet_n with_o a_o arch_v grain_n about_o ¾_n inch_n square_a two_o foot_n long_o break_v with_o ¼_n hundred_o june_n 29._o 1664._o there_o be_v make_v several_a experiment_n more_o of_o break_v wood_n first_o a_o piece_n of_o fir_n ½_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 3_o inch_n long_o at_o which_o distance_n the_o weight_n hang_v break_v in_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o grain_n horizontal_o with_o 66¾_n l._n whereof_o 15_o l._n troy_n vertical_o with_o 2_o l._n more_o also_o fir_n of_o a_o ¼_n inch_n diameter_n and_o 1½_n inch_n long_o break_v vertical_o with_o 20_o l._n and_o horizontal_o with_o 19_o l._n elm_n of_o ½_o inch_n diameter_n and_o three_o inch_n long_o break_v horizontal_o with_o 47_o l._n vertical_o with_o 23_o l._n elm_n of_o ¼_n inch_n diameter_n and_o 1½_n inch_n long_o break_v horizontal_o with_o 12_o l._n vertical_o with_o 10_o l._n which_o be_v noteworthy_a july_n 6._o 1664._o the_o experiment_n of_o break_v wood_n prosecute_v a_o piece_n of_o oak_n of_o ½_o inch_n diameter_n and_o three_o inch_n long_o at_o which_o distance_n the_o weight_n hang_v break_v horizontal_o with_o 48_o l._n vertical_o with_o 40_o l._n ash_n of_o ½_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 3_o inch_n long_o horizontal_o with_o 77_o l._n vertical_o with_o 75_o l._n ash_n of_o ½_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 1½_n inch_n long_o horizontal_o with_o 19_o l._n vertical_o with_o 12_o l._n etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o the_o register_n 18._o here_o may_v come_v in_o the_o problem_n of_o cardinal_n cusa_n in_o lib._n 4._o idiotae_fw-la dial_n 4_o to_o concern_v the_o different_a velocity_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o great_a piece_n of_o timber_n before_o the_o small_a submerge_v in_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o weight_n as_o v_o g._n why_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n 100_o l._n weight_n poise_v more_o in_o the_o air_n than_o 2_o l._n of_o lead_n the_o 2_o l._n of_o lead_n shall_v seem_v to_o weigh_v he_o shall_v say_v sink_n more_o in_o the_o water_n why_o fruit_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o tree_n weigh_v heavy_a than_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v with_o several_a the_o like_a paradox_n haply_o more_o curious_a than_o useful_a and_o therefore_o we_o purposely_o omit_v they_o 19_o concern_v square_v and_o principal_a timber_n for_o
may_v be_v observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n when_o it_o corrode_v coral_n though_o i_o guess_v many_o of_o those_o bubble_n proceed_v from_o the_o small_a parcel_n of_o air_n which_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o pore_n of_o this_o petrified_a substance_n by_o the_o insmuate_a liquid_a menstruum_fw-la six_o in_o its_o rigidness_n and_o friability_n be_v not_o at_o all_o flexible_a but_o brittle_a like_o a_o flint_n insomuch_o that_o with_o one_o knock_n of_o a_o hammer_n i_o break_v off_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o it_o and_o with_o the_o same_o hammer_n quick_o beat_v it_o to_o pretty_a fine_a powder_n upon_o a_o anvil_n seven_o it_o seem_v also_o very_o differ_v from_o wood_n to_o the_o touch_n feel_v more_o cold_a than_o wood_n usual_o do_v and_o much_o like_o other_o close_a stone_n and_o mineral_n the_o reason_n of_o all_o which_o phaenomena_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o this_o petrified_a wood_n have_v lie_v in_o some_o place_n where_o it_o be_v well_o soak_v with_o petrify_a water_n that_o be_v such_o a_o water_n as_o be_v well_o impregnate_v with_o stony_a and_o earthy_a particle_n do_v by_o degree_n separate_v by_o strain_v and_o filtration_n or_o perhaps_o by_o precipitation_n cohaesion_a or_o coagulation_n abundance_n of_o stony_a particle_n from_o that_o permeate_a water_n which_o stony_a particle_n have_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o fluid_a vehicle_n convey_v themselves_o not_o only_o into_o the_o microscopical_a pore_n and_o perfect_o stop_v up_o they_o but_o also_o into_o the_o pore_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v even_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o through_o the_o microscope_n appear_v most_o solid_a do_v thereby_o so_o augment_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o wood_n as_o to_o make_v it_o above_o three_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o perhaps_o six_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o it_o be_v when_o wood_n next_o they_o hereby_o so_o lock_v up_o and_o fetter_v the_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o the_o fire_n can_v easy_o make_v they_o fly_v away_o but_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n upon_o they_o be_v only_o able_a to_o char_n those_o part_n as_o it_o be_v like_v as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v close_v very_o fast_o up_o in_o clay_n and_o keep_v a_o good_a while_n red_a hot_a in_o the_o fire_n will_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o consume_v which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o petrified_a substance_n appear_v of_o a_o blackish_a brown_a colour_n after_o it_o have_v be_v burn_v by_o this_o intrusion_n of_o the_o petrifiâ—ed_a particle_n it_o also_o become_v hard_a and_o friable_a for_o the_o small_a pore_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v perfect_o stuff_v up_o with_o these_o stony_a particle_n the_o particle_n of_o the_o wood_n have_v few_o or_o no_o pore_n in_o which_o they_o can_v reside_v and_o consequent_o no_o flexion_n or_o yield_n can_v be_v cause_v in_o such_o a_o substance_n the_o remain_a particle_n likewise_o of_o the_o wood_n among_o the_o stony_a particle_n may_v keep_v they_o from_o crack_v and_o fly_v as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o flint_n 22._o the_o casual_a find_n of_o subterraneous-tree_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o curious_a digression_n now_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a paradox_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o timber_n under_o the_o ground_n shall_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n equal_a the_o value_n of_o that_o which_o grow_v above_o the_o ground_n see_v though_o it_o be_v far_o less_o yet_o it_o be_v far_o rich_a the_o root_n of_o the_o vile_a shrub_n be_v better_a for_o its_o toughness_n and_o for_o ornament_n and_o delicate_a use_n much_o more_o preferable_a than_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o sound_a tree_n and_o many_o hill_n and_o other_o waste-place_n that_o have_v in_o late_a and_o former_a age_n be_v stately_a grove_n and_o wood_n have_v yet_o this_o treasure_n remain_v and_o perchance_o sound_a and_o unperished_a and_o common_o as_o we_o observe_v a_o hindrance_n to_o other_o plantation_n engine_n therefore_o and_o expedient_n for_o the_o more_o easy_o extract_v these_o cumbrance_n and_o make_v riddance_n upon_o such_o occasion_n beside_o those_o we_o have_v produce_v will_v be_v excogitated_a and_o inquire_v after_o for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o this_o difficult_a work_n fuel_n 23._o final_o for_o the_o use_n of_o our_o chimney_n and_o maintenance_n of_o fire_n the_o plenty_n of_o wood_n for_o fuel_n rather_o than_o the_o quality_n be_v to_o be_v look_v after_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o great_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o as_o hard_a longer-lasting_a better_a heat_n and_o cheerful_o burn_v for_o which_o we_o have_v commend_v the_o ash_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o forego_n paragraph_n and_o to_o which_o i_o pretend_v not_o here_o to_o add_v much_o for_o the_o avoid_v repetition_n though_o even_o a_o history_n of_o the_o best_a way_n of_o charing_n will_v not_o misbecome_v this_o discourse_n but_o something_o more_o be_v to_o be_v say_v sure_a concern_v the_o fell_n of_o fuel-wood_n note_v therefore_o that_o you_o first_o begin_v with_o the_o under-wood_n some_o conceive_v between_o martle-mas_n and_o holy-rood_n but_o general_o with_o oak_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o will_v strip_v but_o not_o after_o may_n and_o for_o ash_n betwixt_o michael-mas_n and_o candle-mas_n and_o so_o fell_v as_o that_o the_o cattle_n may_v have_v the_o browse_n of_o it_o for_o in_o winter_n they_o will_v not_o only_o eat_v the_o tender_a twigg_n but_o even_o the_o very_a moss_n but_o fall_v no_o more_o in_o a_o day_n than_o they_o can_v eat_v for_o this_o purpose_n this_o do_v kid_n or_o bavin_n they_o and_o pitch_v they_o upon_o their_o end_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o rot_v thus_o the_o underwood_n be_v dispose_v of_o the_o rest_n will_v prosper_v the_o better_a and_o beside_o it_o otherwise_o do_v but_o rot_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o destroy_v that_o which_o will_v spring_v if_o you_o head_n or_o top_n for_o the_o fire_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o begin_v three_o or_o four_o foot_n above_o the_o timber_n if_o it_o be_v considerable_a but_o in_o case_n they_o be_v only_a shaken-tree_n and_o hedgerow_n strip_v they_o even_o to_o thirty_o foot_n high_a because_o they_o be_v usual_o full_a of_o bough_n and_o it_o be_v good_a to_o top_v such_o as_o you_o perceive_v to_o wither_v at_o the_o top_n a_o competent_a way_n beneath_o to_o prevent_v their_o sickness_n downward_o which_o will_v else_o certain_o ensue_v whereas_o by_o this_o mean_n even_o die_v tree_n may_v be_v preserve_v many_o year_n to_o good_a emolument_fw-fr though_o they_o never_o advance_v tall_a and_o be_v thus_o frequent_o shred_v they_o will_v produce_v more_o than_o if_o suffer_v to_o stand_v and_o decay_v this_o be_v a_o profitable_a note_n for_o such_o as_o have_v old_a dote_a or_o any_o way_n infirm_a wood_n in_o other_o felling_n some_o advice_n never_o to_o commence_v the_o disbranch_a from_o the_o top_n for_o though_o the_o incumbency_n of_o the_o very_a bough_n upon_o the_o next_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v off_o the_o easy_a yet_o it_o endanger_v the_o splice_a of_o the_o next_o which_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a and_o therefore_o advise_v the_o beginng_a at_o the_o near_a and_o in_o cut_v for_o fuel_n you_o may_v as_o at_o the_o top_n so_o at_o the_o side_n cut_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o body_n but_o never_o when_o you_o shred_v timber-tree_n we_o have_v say_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o cut_v for_o wood_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v up_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o improvident_a husband_n beside_o it_o will_v never_o burn_v well_o though_o abundance_n be_v congest_v last_o remember_v that_o east_n and_o north-wind_n be_v unkind_a to_o the_o succeed_a shoot_v now_o for_o direction_n in_o stack_v of_o which_o we_o have_v say_v something_o in_o chap._n of_o copse_n ever_o set_v the_o low_a course_n a_o end_n the_o second_o that_o on_o the_o side_n and_o end_n viz._n side_n and_o end_n outward_a the_o three_o thwart_v the_o other_o on_o the_o side_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n till_o all_o be_v place_v spend_v the_o up-most_a first_o thus_o we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prescribe_v the_o best_a direction_n we_o can_v learn_v concern_v this_o necessary_a subject_n and_o in_o this_o penury_n of_o that_o dear_a commodity_n and_o to_o incite_v all_o ingenious_a person_n studious_a of_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o country_n to_o think_v of_o way_n how_o our_o wood_n may_v be_v preserve_v by_o all_o manner_n of_o art_n which_o may_v prolong_v the_o last_a of_o our_o fuel_n i_o will_v give_v the_o best_a encouragement_n those_o that_o shall_v serious_o consider_v the_o intolerable_a misery_n of_o the_o poor_a cauchi_n the_o then_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o low_a country_n describe_v by_o pliny_n lib_n 16._o cap._n 1._o how_o opulent_a soever_o their_o late_a industry_n have_v
member_n of_o this_o society_n for_o which_o the_o woodmonger_n have_v little_a cause_n to_o brag_v since_o he_o never_o dare_v come_v at_o he_o or_o challenge_v his_o money_n for_o the_o commodity_n he_o buy_v because_o he_o dare_v not_o stand_v to_o the_o measure_n at_o hall_n near_o foy_n there_o be_v a_o faggot_n which_o consist_v but_o of_o one_o piece_n of_o wood_n natural_o grow_v in_o that_o form_n with_o a_o band_n wrap_v about_o it_o and_o part_v at_o the_o end_n into_o four_o stick_n one_o of_o which_o be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o other_o it_o be_v careful_o preserve_v many_o year_n by_o a_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n and_o look_v on_o as_o portend_v the_o fate_n of_o his_o posterity_n which_o be_v since_o indeed_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o four_o cornish_a gentleman_n one_o of_o who_o estate_n be_v likewise_o divide_v betwixt_o two_o heir_n this_o we_o have_v out_o of_o cambden_n and_o i_o here_o note_v for_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o the_o thing_n though_o as_o to_o the_o verity_n of_o such_o portent_n from_o tree_n etc._n etc._n i_o do_v not_o find_v upon_o enquiry_n which_o i_o have_v diligent_o make_v of_o my_o lord_n brereton_n that_o there_o be_v any_o certainty_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o those_o log_n in_o the_o lake_n belong_v to_o that_o noble_a person_n so_o as_o still_o to_o premonish_v the_o death_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o family_n how_o confident_o soever_o report_v sometime_o it_o have_v happen_v but_o the_o tradition_n be_v not_o constant_a to_o this_o class_n may_v be_v refer_v what_o be_v affirm_v concern_v the_o fatal_a prediction_n of_o oakes_n bear_v strange_a leaf_n which_o may_v be_v inquire_v of_o 29._o but_o i_o will_v now_o describe_v to_o you_o the_o mystery_n of_o charing_n whereof_o something_o be_v but_o touch_v in_o the_o process_n of_o extract_a tar_n out_o of_o the_o pine_n as_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o a_o most_o industrious_a person_n and_o so_o conclude_v the_o chapter_n there_o be_v make_v of_o char_n coal_n usual_o three_o sort_n viz._n one_o for_o the_o iron-work_n a_o second_o for_o gunpowder_n and_o a_o three_o for_o london_n and_o the_o court_n beside_o small-coal_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v also_o speak_v in_o its_o due_a place_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o that_o sort_n which_o be_v use_v for_o the_o iron-work_n because_o the_o rest_n be_v make_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o with_o very_o little_a difference_n the_o best_a wood_n for_o this_o be_v good_a oak_n cut_v into_o length_n of_o three_o foot_n as_o they_o size_n it_o for_o the_o stack_n this_o be_v better_a than_o the_o cord-wood_n though_o of_o a_o large_a measure_n and_o much_o use_v in_o essex_n the_o wood_n cut_v and_o set_v in_o stack_n ready_a for_o the_o coal_v choose_v out_o some_o level_a place_n in_o the_o copse_n the_o most_o free_a from_o stub_n etc._n etc._n to_o make_v the_o hearth_n on_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o area_n drive_v down_o a_o stake_n for_o your_o centre_n and_o with_o a_o pole_n have_v a_o ring_n fasten_v to_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n or_o else_o with_o a_o cord_n put_v over_o the_o centre_n describe_v a_o circumference_n from_o twenty_o or_o more_o foot_n semidiameter_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o your_o wood_n design_v for_o coal_v which_o be_v near_o may_v convenient_o be_v char_z in_o that_o hearth_n and_o which_o at_o one_o time_n may_v be_v 12_o 16_o 20_o 24_o even_o to_o 30_o stack_n if_o 12_o therefore_o be_v the_o quantity_n you_o will_v coal_n a_o circle_n who_o diameter_n be_v 24_o foot_n will_v suffice_v for_o the_o hearth_n if_o 20_o stack_n a_o diameter_n of_o 32_o foot_n if_o 30_o 40_o foot_n and_o so_o proportionable_o have_v thus_o mark_v out_o the_o ground_n with_o mattock_n haws_n and_o fit_a instrument_n bear_v it_o of_o the_o turf_n and_o of_o all_o other_o combustible_a stuff_n whatsoever_o which_o you_o be_v to_o rake_v up_o towards_o the_o peripherie_n or_o outside_n of_o the_o circumference_n for_o a_o use_n to_o be_v afterward_o make_v of_o it_o plain_v and_o level_v the_o ground_n within_o the_o circle_n this_o do_v the_o wood_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o near_a part_n where_o it_o be_v stack_v in_o wheel-barrow_n and_o first_o the_o small_a of_o it_o place_v at_o the_o utmost_a limit_n or_o very_a margin_n of_o the_o hearth_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v set_v long-waye_n as_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o stack_n the_o big_a of_o the_o wood_n pitch_n or_o set_v up_o on_o end_n round_o about_o against_o the_o small-wood_n and_o all_o this_o within_o the_o circle_n till_o you_o come_v within_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n of_o the_o centre_n at_o which_o distance_n you_o shall_v begin_v to_o set_v the_o wood_n in_o a_o triangular_a form_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a print_n ah_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v three_o foot_n high_a against_o this_o again_o place_v your_o great_a wood_n almost_o perpendicular_a reduce_v it_o from_o the_o triangular_a to_o a_o circular_a form_n till_o be_v come_v within_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o centre_n you_o may_v pile_n the_o wood_n long-waye_n as_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o stack_n be_v careful_a that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wood_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o pole_n which_o must_v now_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o centre_n nine_o foot_n in_o height_n that_o so_o there_o may_v remain_v a_o round_a hole_n which_o be_v to_o be_v form_v in_o work_v up_o the_o stack_z wood_n for_o a_o tunnel_n and_o the_o more_o commodious_a fire_n of_o the_o pit_n as_o they_o call_v it_o though_o not_o very_o proper_o this_o provide_v for_o go_v on_o to_o pile_n and_o set_v your_o wood_n upright_o to_o the_o other_o as_o before_o till_o have_v gain_v a_o yard_n more_o you_o lay_v it_o long-waye_n again_o as_o be_v show_v and_o thus_o continue_v the_o work_n still_o interchange_n the_o position_n of_o the_o wood_n till_o the_o whole_a area_n of_o the_o hearth_n and_o circle_n be_v fill_v and_o pile_v up_o at_o the_o least_o eight_o foot_n high_a and_o so_o draw_v in_o by_o degree_n in_o pile_v that_o it_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o a_o cop_v brown_a houshold-loaf_n fill_v all_o inequality_n with_o the_o small_a truncheon_n till_o it_o lie_v very_o close_o and_o be_v perfect_o and_o even_o shape_v this_o do_v take_v straw_n haume_v or_o fern_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o heap_n or_o wood_n to_o keep_v the_o next_o cover_n from_o fall_v among_o the_o stick_n upon_o this_o put_v on_o the_o turf_n and_o cast_v on_o the_o dust_n and_o rubbish_n which_o be_v grub_v and_o rake_v up_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o hearth_n and_o reserve_v near_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o with_o this_o cover_n the_o whole_a heap_n of_o wood_n to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o pit_n or_o tunnel_n to_o a_o reasonable_a and_o competent_a thickness_n beat_v close_o and_o even_o that_o so_o the_o fire_n may_v not_o vent_v but_o in_o the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v it_o and_o if_o in_o prepare_v the_o hearth_n at_o first_o there_o do_v not_o rise_v sufficient_a turf_n and_o rubbish_n for_o this_o work_n supply_v it_o from_o some_o convenient_a place_n near_o to_o your_o heap_n there_o be_v who_o cover_n this_o again_o with_o a_o sandy_a or_o fine_a mould_n which_o if_o it_o close_v well_o need_v not_o be_v above_o a_o inch_n or_o two_o thick_a this_o do_v provide_v a_o screen_v by_o make_v light_a hurdle_n with_o slit_a rod_n and_o straw_n of_o a_o compent_a thickness_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o wind_n and_o broad_a and_o high_a enough_o to_o defend_v a_o opposite_a side_n to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o your_o pit_n be_v eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n and_o so_o as_o to_o be_v easy_o remove_v as_o need_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o lue_v of_o your_o pit_n when_o now_o all_o be_v in_o this_o posture_n and_o the_o wood_n well_o range_v and_o close_v as_o have_v be_v direct_v set_v fire_n to_o your_o heap_n but_o first_o you_o must_v provide_v you_o of_o a_o ladder_n to_o ascend_v the_o top_n of_o your_o pit_n this_o they_o usual_o make_v of_o a_o curve_v tiller_n fit_a to_o apply_v to_o the_o convex_a shape_n of_o the_o heap_n and_o cut_v it_o full_a of_o notch_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a set_v their_o foot_n while_o they_o govern_v the_o fire_n above_o therefore_o now_o they_o pull_v up_o and_o take_v away_o the_o stake_n which_o be_v erect_v at_o the_o centre_n to_o guide_v the_o build_n of_o the_o pile_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o tunnel_n this_o do_v put_v in_o a_o quantity_n of_o char-coal_n about_o a_o peck_n and_o let_v they_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hearth_n upon_o they_o cast_v in_o coal_n that_o be_v full_o kindle_v and_o when_o those_o which_o be_v first_o
that_o pierce_v the_o sky_n soft_a linden_n smooth-rind_n beech_n unmarried_a bay_n the_o brittle_a hazel_n ash_n who_o spear_n we_o praise_v unknotty_a fir_n the_o solace_n shade_v planes_n rough_a chessnut_n maple_n fleet_n with_o different_a grain_n stream-bordering_a willow_n lotus_fw-la love_fw-mi take_v tough_a box_n who_o never_o sappy_a spring_n forsake_v the_o slender_a tamarisk_n with_o tree_n that_o bear_v a_o purple_a fig_n nor_o myrtle_n absent_a be_v the_o wanton_a ivy_n wreathe_v in_o amorous_a twine_n vine_n bear_v grape_n and_o elm_n support_v vine_n straight_a service-tree_n tree_n drop_v pitch_n fruit-red_n arbutus_n these_o the_o rest_n accompany_v with_o limber_a palm_n of_o victory_n the_o prize_n and_o upright_a pine_n who_o leaf_n like_o bristle_n rise_v prize_v by_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o go_n sandys_n non_fw-la chaonis_fw-la abfuit_fw-la arbour_n non_fw-la nemus_fw-la heliadum_fw-la non_fw-la frondibus_fw-la aesculus_fw-la altis_fw-la nec_fw-la tilâ—ae_fw-la molles_fw-la nec_fw-la fagus_n &_o innuba_fw-la laurus_fw-la et_fw-la coryli_fw-la fragiles_fw-la &_o fraxinus_n utilis_fw-la hastis_fw-la enodisque_a aby_n curvataque_fw-la glandibus_fw-la ilex_fw-la et_fw-la platanus_n genialis_fw-la acerque_fw-la coloribus_fw-la impar_fw-la amnicolaeque_fw-la simul_fw-la salices_n &_o aquatica_fw-la lotos_fw-la perpetuóque_fw-la virens_fw-la buxus_fw-la tenuesque_fw-la myricae_fw-la et_fw-la bicolor_a myrtus_fw-la &_o baccis_fw-la caerula_fw-la ficus_fw-la vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la flexi-pedes_a hederae_fw-la venistis_fw-la &_o unâ—_n pampineae_fw-la vite_n &_o amictae_fw-la vitibus_fw-la vlmi_fw-la ornÃque_fw-la &_o piceae_fw-la pomoque_fw-la onerata_fw-la rubeuti_fw-la arbutus_fw-la &_o lentae_fw-la victoris_fw-la praemia_fw-la palmae_fw-la et_fw-la succincta_fw-la comas_fw-la hâ—rsutaqae_fw-la vertice_fw-la pinus_n grata_n deum_fw-la matri_fw-la etc._n etc._n met._n 10._o as_o the_o incomparable_a poet_n go_v on_o and_o be_v imitate_v by_o our_o divine_a spencer_n where_o he_o bring_v his_o gentle_a knight_n into_o a_o shady_a grove_n praise_v the_o tree_n so_o straight_o and_o high_a the_o sail_a pine_n the_o cedar_n proud_a and_o tall_a the_o vine-prop_n elm_n the_o poplar_n never_o dry_a the_o builder_n oak_n sole_a king_n of_o forest_n all_o the_o aspen_n good_a for_o staff_n the_o cypress_n funeral_n the_o laurel_n meed_n of_o mighty_a conqueror_n and_o poet_n sage_a the_o fir_n that_o weep_v still_o the_o willow_n wear_v of_o forlorn_a paramour_n the_o yew_n obedient_a to_o the_o bender_n will_v the_o birch_n for_o shaft_n the_o sallow_a for_o the_o mill_n the_o myrrh_n sweet_a bleed_v in_o the_o bitter_a wound_n the_o warlike_a beech_n the_o ash_n for_o nothing_o ill_a the_o fruitful_a olive_n and_o the_o platane_n round_o the_o carver_n holm_n the_o maple_n seldom_o inward_a sound_n canto_n 1â—_n and_o in_o this_o symphony_n may_v the_o noble_a tasso_n bear_v likewise_o his_o part_n but_o that_o these_o be_v sufficient_a &_o tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la 37._o for_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o that_o modern_a art_n of_o tapping_n tree_n in_o the_o spring_n by_o which_o doubtless_o some_o excellent_a and_o specific_a medicine_n may_v be_v attain_v as_o from_o the_o birch_n for_o the_o stone_n from_o elm_n and_o elder_a against_o fever_n so_o from_o the_o vine_n the_o oak_n and_o even_o the_o very_a bramble_n etc._n etc._n beside_o the_o wholesome_a and_o pleasant_a drink_n spirit_n etc._n etc._n that_o may_v possible_o be_v educe_v out_o of_o they_o all_o which_o we_o leave_v to_o the_o industrious_a satisfy_v ourselves_o that_o we_o have_v be_v among_o the_o first_o who_o have_v hint_v and_o publish_a the_o way_n of_o perform_v it_o what_o now_o remain_v concern_v only_a some_o general_a precept_n and_o direction_n applicable_a to_o most_o of_o that_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v together_o with_o a_o brief_a of_o what_o far_a law_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o the_o improvement_n and_o preservation_n of_o wood_n and_o which_o have_v dispatch_v shall_v with_o a_o short_a paraenesis_n touch_v the_o present_a order_n and_o dispose_v of_o his_o majesty_n plantation_n for_o the_o future_a benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o rustic_a discourse_n chap._n xxxii_o aphorism_n or_o certain_a general_a precept_n of_o use_n to_o the_o forego_n chapter_n 1._o try_v all_o sort_n of_o seed_n and_o by_o their_o thrive_a you_o shall_v best_o discern_v what_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a kind_n for_o ground_n quip_n solo_fw-la natura_fw-la subest_fw-la and_o of_o these_o design_n the_o main_a of_o your_o plantation_n 2._o keep_v your_o new_o sow_v seed_n continual_o fresh_a and_o in_o the_o shade_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v till_o they_o peep_v 3._o all_o curious_a seed_n and_o plant_n be_v diligent_o to_o be_v weed_v till_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o over-drop_n or_o suppress_v they_o and_o you_o shall_v careful_o haw_o half-dig_a and_o stir_v up_o the_o earth_n about_o their_o root_n during_o the_o first_o three_o year_n especial_o in_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a aequinox_n this_o work_n to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o moist_a season_n for_o the_o first_o year_n to_o prevent_v the_o dust_n and_o the_o suffocate_a of_o the_o tender_a bud_n but_o afterward_o in_o the_o more_o dry_a weather_n 4._o plant_n raise_v from_o seed_n shall_v be_v thinned_a where_o they_o come_v up_o too_o thick_a and_o none_o so_o fit_a as_o you_o thus_o draw_v to_o be_v transplant_v into_o hedge-rowe_n especial_o where_o ground_n be_v precious_a 5._o in_o transplant_n omit_v not_o the_o place_n of_o your_o tree_n towards_o their_o accustom_a aspect_n 6._o remove_v the_o soft_a wood_n to_o the_o moiste_v ground_n divisae_fw-la arboribus_fw-la partiae_fw-la 7._o begin_v to_o transplant_v forest-tree_n when_o the_o leave_v fall_v after_o michaelmas_n you_o may_v adventure_v when_o they_o be_v tarnish_v and_o grow_v yellow_a it_o be_v lose_v time_n to_o commence_v late_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o your_o tree_n early_a transplanters_n seldom_o repent_v for_o sometime_o a_o tedious_a band_n of_o frost_n prevent_v the_o whole_a season_n and_o the_o baldness_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v a_o note_n of_o deceit_n for_o some_o oak_n and_o most_o beech_n preserve_v their_o dead_a leaf_n till_o new_a one_o push_v they_o off_o 8._o set_v deep_o in_o the_o light_a ground_n than_o in_o the_o strong_a but_o shallow_a in_o clay_n five_o inch_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o dry_v and_o one_o or_o two_o for_o the_o moist_a provide_v you_o establish_v they_o against_o wind_n 9_o plant_v forth_o in_o warm_a and_o moist_a season_n the_o air_n tranquil_a and_o serene_a the_o wind_n westerly_a but_o never_o while_o it_o actual_o freeze_v rain_n or_o in_o misty_a wether_n for_o it_o mould_v and_o infect_v the_o root_n 10._o what_o you_o gather_v and_o draw_v out_o of_o wood_n plant_v immediate_o for_o their_o root_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o be_v mortify_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o cold_a air_n 11._o tree_n produce_v from_o seed_n must_v have_v the_o tap-root_n abate_v the_o wallnut-tree_n and_o some_o other_o except_v and_o yet_o if_o plant_v mere_o for_o the_o fruit_n some_o affirm_v it_o may_v be_v adventure_v on_o with_o success_n and_o the_o bruise_a part_n cut_v away_o but_o spare_v the_o fibrous_a for_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a feeder_n and_o those_o who_o cleanse_v they_o too_o much_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o mistake_n 12._o in_o spring_n rub_v off_o some_o of_o the_o collateral_a bud_n to_o check_v the_o exuberancy_n of_o sap_n in_o the_o branch_n till_o the_o root_n be_v well_o establish_v 13._o transplant_v no_o more_o than_o you_o well_o fence_v for_o that_o neglect_a tree-culture_a come_v to_o nothing_o therefore_o all_o young_a set_a tree_n shall_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n especial_o the_o east_n and_o north_n till_o their_o root_n be_v fix_v that_o be_v till_o you_o perceive_v they_o shoot_v and_o the_o not_o exact_o observe_v of_o this_o article_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o perish_v of_o the_o most_o tender_a plantation_n for_o it_o be_v the_o invasion_n of_o these_o two_o assailant_n which_o do_v more_o mischief_n to_o our_o new_a set_n and_o less_o hardy_a tree_n than_o the_o most_o severe_a and_o durable_a frost_n of_o a_o whole_a winter_n 14._o the_o proper_a soil_n and_o most_o natural_a apply_v to_o distinct_a species_n nec_fw-la verò_fw-la terrae_fw-la far_o omnes_fw-la omne_fw-la possunt_fw-la yet_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o most_o of_o our_o forest-tree_n grow_v well_o enough_o in_o the_o course_v land_n provide_v there_o be_v a_o competent_a depth_n of_o mould_n for_o albeit_o most_o of_o our_o wild_a plant_n covet_v to_o run_v just_a under_o the_o surface_n yet_o where_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a depth_n to_o cool_v they_o and_o entertain_v the_o moisture_n and_o influence_n they_o be_v neither_o last_a nor_o prosperous_a 15._o wood_n well_o plant_v will_v grow_v in_o moorish_a boggy_a heathy_a and_o the_o stony_a ground_n only_o the_o white_a and_o blue_a clay_n which_o be_v common_o
shall_v resolve_v to_o accomplish_v he_o will_v leave_v such_o a_o everlasting_a obligation_n on_o his_o people_n and_o raise_v such_o a_o monument_n to_o his_o fame_n as_o the_o age_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n to_o come_v shall_v have_v cause_n to_o celebrate_v his_o precious_a memory_n and_o his_o royal_a successor_n to_o emulate_v his_o virtue_n for_o thus_o beside_o the_o future_a expectation_n it_o will_v in_o present_a be_v no_o deduction_n from_o his_o majesty_n treasure_n but_o some_o increase_n and_o fall_v in_o time_n to_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o worthy_a accession_n to_o it_o while_o this_o kind_n of_o propriety_n will_v be_v the_o most_o likely_a expedient_a to_o civilize_v those_o wild_a and_o poor_a bordurer_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o vast_a and_o spread_a heart_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o with_o all_o this_o indulgence_n will_v be_v ample_a enough_o for_o a_o princely_a demesne_n and_o if_o the_o difficulty_n be_v to_o find_v out_o who_o know_v or_o acknowledge_v what_o be_v the_o bordure_n this_o article_n be_v worthy_a and_o become_v of_o as_o serious_a a_o inquisition_n as_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v contrive_v 5._o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v get_v the_o bordure_n well_o tenant_v by_o long_a term_n and_o easy_a rent_n and_o this_o will_v invite_v and_o encourage_v taker_n whilst_o the_o middle_a most_o secure_a and_o interior_a part_n will_v be_v a_o royal_a portion_n let_v his_o majesty_n therefore_o admit_v of_o any_o willing_a adventurer_n in_o this_o vast_a circle_n for_o such_o enclosure_n in_o the_o precinct_n and_o rather_o of_o more_o than_o of_o few_o though_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o shall_v join_v together_o for_o any_o enclosure_n of_o five_o hundred_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o that_o multitude_n be_v thus_o engage_v the_o consideration_n may_v procure_v and_o facilitate_v a_o full_a discovery_n of_o latter_a encroachment_n and_o fortify_v the_o recovery_n by_o favourable_a rent_n improvement_n and_o reversion_n by_o copyhold_n or_o what_o other_o tenor_n and_o service_n his_o majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o accept_v of_o 6._o now_o for_o the_o plant_v of_o wood_n in_o such_o place_n which_o be_v the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n the_o hill_n and_o rough_a ground_n will_v do_v well_o but_o they_o be_v the_o rich_a fat_a vale_n and_o flat_n which_o do_v best_a deserve_v the_o charge_n of_o wall_n such_o as_o that_o spot_n afford_v and_o the_o haw-thorn_n well_o plash_v single_a or_o double_a be_v a_o better_a and_o more_o natural_a fence_n than_o unmortered_a wall_n can_v our_o industry_n arrive_v to_o the_o make_n of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v beside_o they_o be_v last_v and_o profitable_a and_o than_o one_o may_v allow_v sufficient_a bordure_n for_o a_o mound_n of_o any_o thickness_n which_o may_v be_v the_o first_o charge_n and_o well_o support_v and_o reward_v by_o the_o culture_n of_o the_o land_n thus_o enclose_v 7._o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o man_n will_v take_v in_o 500_o acre_n of_o good_a land_n let_v the_o mound_n be_v of_o the_o wild_a ground_n as_o fit_a for_o wood_n two_o hedge_n with_o their_o vallation_n and_o trench_n will_v be_v requisite_a in_o all_o the_o round_a viz._n one_o next_o to_o the_o enclosure_n the_o other_o about_o the_o thicket_n to_o fence_v it_o from_o cattle_n this_o between_o the_o two_o hedge_n of_o whatsoever_o breadth_n be_v fit_a for_o plantation_n in_o these_o hedge_n may_v be_v try_v the_o plantation_n of_o stock_n in_o the_o interval_n all_o manner_n of_o wood-seed_n sow_v after_o competent_a plowing_n as_o acorn_n mast_n fir_n pine_n nut_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o year_n chase_v away_o the_o bird_n because_o of_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n seeds_n for_o reason_n give_v the_o second_o year_n loosen_v the_o ground_n and_o thin_a the_o supernumerary_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o most_o frugal_a way_n or_o by_o another_o method_n the_o waste_a place_n of_o forest_n and_o wood_n which_o by_o through_o experience_n be_v know_v and_o try_v may_v be_v perfect_o cleanse_v and_o then_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o plowing_n well_o root_v stock_n be_v set_v cut_v and_o trim_v as_o be_v requisite_a and_o that_o the_o timber-tree_n may_v be_v excellent_a those_o afterward_o copse_v and_o the_o choice_a stock_n keep_v shred_a if_o a_o enclosure_n be_v sow_v the_o seed_n may_v be_v as_o be_v direct_v of_o all_o the_o species_n not_o forget_v the_o best_a pine_n fir_n etc._n etc._n while_o the_o yearly_a removal_n of_o very_a encumbrance_n only_o will_v repay_v the_o workman_n who_o sell_v the_o quick_a or_o reserve_v it_o to_o store_v other_o enclosure_n and_o soften_v the_o circumjacent_a ground_n to_o the_o very_a great_a improvement_n of_o what_o remain_v 8._o and_o how_o if_o in_o such_o fencing-work_n we_o do_v sometime_o imitate_v what_o quintus_n curtius_n lib._n 6._o have_v record_v of_o the_o mardorum_fw-la gens_fw-la near_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o hyrcania_n who_o do_v by_o the_o close_o plant_v of_o tree_n alone_o upon_o the_o bordure_n give_v so_o strange_a a_o check_n to_o the_o power_n of_o that_o great_a conqueror_n alexander_n they_o be_v a_o barbarous_a people_n indeed_o but_o in_o this_o worthy_a our_o imitation_n and_o the_o work_n so_o handsome_o and_o particular_o describe_v that_o i_o shall_v not_o grieve_v to_o recite_v it_o arbores_n densae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la industria_fw-la consitae_fw-la quarum_fw-la teneros_fw-la adhuc_fw-la ramos_fw-la manu_fw-la flectunt_fw-la quos_fw-la intortos_fw-la rursus_fw-la inserunt_fw-la terrae_fw-la ind_n velut_fw-la ex_fw-la alia_fw-la radice_fw-la laetiores_fw-la virent_fw-la trunci_fw-la hos_fw-la qua_fw-la natura_fw-la fert_fw-la adolescere_fw-la non_fw-la sinunt_fw-la quip_n alium_fw-la alii_fw-la quasi_fw-la nexu_fw-la conserunt_fw-la qui_fw-la ubi_fw-la multa_fw-la frond_n vestiti_fw-la sunt_fw-la operiunt_fw-la terram_fw-la itaque_fw-la occulti_fw-la ramorum_fw-la velut_fw-la laquei_fw-la perpetuá_fw-la sepe_fw-la iter_fw-la claudunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o tree_n say_v he_o be_v plant_v so_o near_o and_o thick_a together_o of_o purpose_n that_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v yet_o young_a and_o flexible_a bend_v and_o wreathe_v within_o one_o another_o their_o top_n be_v bow_v into_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o submerge_n our_o layer_n whence_o take_v fresh_a root_n they_o shoot_v up_o new_a stem_n which_o not_o be_v permit_v to_o grow_v as_o of_o themselves_o they_o will_v have_v do_v they_o so_o knit_v and_o perplex_v one_o within_o another_o that_o when_o they_o be_v clad_v with_o leaf_n they_o even_o cover_v the_o ground_n and_o enclose_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o live_a net_n and_o impenetrable_a hedge_n as_o the_o historian_n continue_v the_o description_n and_o this_o be_v not_o unlike_o what_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o devon_n where_o the_o oak_n be_v plant_v very_o near_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o high_a mound_n by_o which_o they_o separate_v their_o land_n so_o root_n themselves_o into_o the_o bank_n that_o when_o it_o fail_v and_o crumble_v down_o the_o fence_n continue_v still_o maintain_v by_o they_o with_o exceed_a profit_n such_o work_n as_o these_o will_v become_v a_o cato_n or_o varro_z indeed_o one_o that_o be_v pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la non_fw-la sibi_fw-la soli_fw-la natus_fw-la bear_v for_o posterity_n but_o we_o be_v common_o of_o another_o mould_n &_o fruges_fw-la consumere_fw-la nati_fw-la 9_o a_o fair_a advance_v for_o speedy_a growth_n and_o noble_a tree_n especial_o for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n may_v be_v assure_o expect_v from_o the_o graft_n of_o young_a oak_n and_o elm_n with_o the_o best_a of_o their_o kind_n and_o where_o the_o goodly_a of_o these_o last_o be_v grow_v the_o ground_n will_v be_v plow_v and_o fine_o rake_v in_o the_o season_n when_o the_o scale_n fall_v that_o the_o shower_n and_o dew_n fasten_v the_o seed_n where_o the_o wind_n drive_v it_o it_o may_v take_v root_n and_o hasten_v as_o it_o will_v to_o a_o sudden_a tree_n especial_o if_o seasonable_a shread_n be_v apply_v which_o have_v sometime_o make_v they_o arrive_v to_o the_o height_n of_o twelve_o foot_n by_o the_o first_o three_o year_n after_o which_o they_o grow_v a_o main_a and_o if_o such_o be_v plant_v as_o near_o to_o one_o another_o as_o in_o the_o example_n we_o have_v allege_v it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o pale_v they_o will_v be_v to_o our_o most_o expose_v plantation_n mount_v up_o their_o wooden_a wall_n to_o the_o cloud_n and_o indeed_o the_o shelve_v and_o natural_a declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o to_o our_o unkind_a aspect_n and_o bleak_a wind_n do_v best_a direct_v to_o the_o thicken_a of_o these_o protection_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o that_o soon_o appear_v and_o recompense_v our_o industry_n in_o the_o smoothness_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o plantation_n so_o defend_v 10._o that_o great_a care_n be_v have_v of_o the_o
seed_n which_o we_o intend_v to_o sow_o have_v be_v already_o advise_v for_o it_o have_v be_v see_v that_o wood_n of_o the_o same_o age_n plant_v in_o the_o same_o soil_n discover_v a_o visible_a difference_n in_o the_o timber_n and_o growth_n and_o where_o this_o variety_n shall_v happen_v if_o not_o from_o the_o seed_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o interpret_v therefore_o let_v the_o place_n soil_n and_o growth_n of_o such_o tree_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v your_o seed_n be_v diligent_o examine_v and_o why_o not_o this_o as_o well_o as_o in_o our_o care_n of_o animal_n for_o our_o breed_n and_o store_n 11._o as_o to_o the_o form_n obey_v the_o natural_a site_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o several_a guize_n but_o ever_o decline_v to_o enclose_v high_a way_n and_o common-road_n as_o much_o as_o possible_a for_o the_o rest_n be_v please_v to_o reflect_v on_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v to_o encourage_v the_o plant_v of_o the_o large_a spread_a oak_n above_o all_o that_o species_n the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o distance_n which_o they_o require_v resign_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o verderer_n for_o graze_a cattle_n deer_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o the_o great_a and_o masculine_a beauty_n which_o a_o wild_a quincunx_fw-la as_o it_o be_v of_o such_o tree_n will_v present_v to_o your_o eye_n 12._o but_o to_o advance_v his_o majesty_n forest_n to_o this_o height_n of_o perfection_n i_o shall_v again_o urge_v the_o removal_n of_o some_o of_o our_o most_o mischievous_o place_v iron_n mill_n if_o that_o at_o least_o be_v true_a which_o some_o have_v affirm_v that_o we_o have_v better_a iron_n and_o cheap_a from_o foreigner_n when_o those_o work_n be_v stranger_n among_o we_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o the_o new-english_a who_o be_v now_o become_v very_o numerous_a and_o hinder_v in_o their_o advance_n and_o prospect_n of_o the_o continent_n by_o their_o surfeit_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o we_o want_v do_v about_o twelve_o year_n since_o begin_v to_o clear_v their_o high_a way_n by_o two_o iron-mill_n i_o be_o sure_a their_o zeal_n have_v sufficient_o waste_v our_o stately_a wood_n and_o steel_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o their_o mother_n old_a england_n and_o it_o be_v now_o but_o expedient_a their_o brethren_n shall_v hasten_v thither_o to_o supply_v we_o with_o iron_n for_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o day_n whilst_o his_o majesty_n become_v the_o great_a sovereign_n of_o the_o ocean_n free_a commerce_n nemorum_fw-la vindex_n &_o instaurator_n magnus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o render_v both_o our_o country_n habitable_a indeed_o and_o the_o fit_a sacrifice_n for_o the_o royal_a oak_n and_o their_o hamadryad_n to_o who_o they_o owe_v more_o than_o a_o sleight_n submission_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v deep_o consider_v the_o prodigious_a waste_n which_o these_o voracious_a iron_n and_o glasse-work_n have_v former_o make_v but_o in_o one_o county_n alone_o the_o county_n of_o sussex_n for_o 120_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o thirty_o in_o breadth_n for_o so_o wide_a and_o spacious_a be_v the_o ancient_a andradswald_n of_o old_a one_o entire_a wood_n but_o of_o which_o there_o remain_v now_o little_a or_o no_o sign_n will_v be_v touch_v with_o no_o mean_a indignation_n certain_o the_o goodly_a river_n and_o forest_n of_o the_o other_o world_n will_v much_o better_o become_v our_o iron_n and_o saw-mill_n than_o these_o exhaust_a country_n and_o we_o prove_v gainer_n by_o the_o timely_a removal_n i_o have_v say_v this_o already_o and_o i_o can_v too_o often_o inculcate_v it_o for_o the_o concern_v of_o a_o nation_n who_o only_a protection_n under_o god_n be_v her_o wooden_a wall_n 13._o another_o thing_n to_o be_v recommend_v and_o which_o will_v prove_v no_o less_o than_o thirty_o year_n in_o some_o place_n forty_o and_o general_o twenty_o year_n advance_v be_v a_o good_a if_o well_o execute_v act_n to_o save_v our_o standard_n and_o borduring_a tree_n from_o the_o axe_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n and_o who_o will_v not_o preserve_v timber_n when_o within_o so_o few_o year_n the_o price_n be_v almost_o quadruple_v i_o assure_v you_o standard_n of_o twenty_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n growth_n be_v of_o a_o long_a day_n for_o the_o concernment_n of_o a_o nation_n 14._o and_o though_o we_o have_v in_o our_o general_a chapter_n of_o copse_n declare_v what_o by_o our_o law_n and_o common_a usage_n be_v expect_v at_o every_o fall_v and_o which_o be_v indeed_o most_o requisite_a till_o our_o store_n be_v otherwise_o supply_v yet_o may_v much_o even_o of_o that_o rigour_n be_v abate_v by_o no_o unfrugal_a permission_n to_o take_v down_o more_o of_o the_o standard_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o vnderwood_n especial_o where_o by_o over_o drop_v and_o shade_n they_o interrupt_v the_o kindly_a dew_n rains_n and_o influence_n which_o nourish_v they_o provide_v that_o there_o be_v a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o timber-tree_n due_o and_o thorough_o plant_v and_o preserve_v in_o the_o hedgerow_n and_o bordure_n of_o our_o ground_n in_o which_o case_n even_o the_o total_a clear_n of_o some_o copse_n will_v be_v to_o their_o great_a advance_n as_o by_o sad_a experience_n have_v be_v teach_v some_o good_a husband_n who_o necessity_n sometime_o force_v they_o to_o violate_v their_o standard_n and_o more_o grow_v tree_n during_o the_o late_a tyranny_n 15._o nor_o will_v it_o be_v here_o unseasonable_a to_o advise_v that_o where_o tree_n be_v manifest_o perceive_v to_o decay_v they_o be_v mark_v out_o for_o the_o axe_n that_o so_o the_o young_a may_v come_v on_o for_o a_o supply_n especial_o where_o they_o be_v chief_o elm_n because_o their_o successor_n hasten_v to_o their_o height_n and_o perfection_n in_o a_o competent_a time_n but_o begin_v once_o to_o grow_v sick_a of_o age_n or_o other_o infirmity_n sudden_o impair_v and_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o value_n yearly_o beside_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o this_o and_o other_o speedy_a timber_n will_v spare_v the_o more_o oak_n for_o navigation_n and_o the_o sturdy_a use_n how_o goodly_a a_o sight_n be_v it_o if_o most_o of_o the_o demesne_n of_o our_o country_n gentleman_n be_v crown_v and_o encircle_v with_o such_o stately_a row_n of_o limb_n fir_n elm_n and_o other_o ample_a shady_a and_o venerable_a tree_n as_o adorn_v new-hall_n in_o essex_n the_o seat_n of_o that_o suffolk_n knight_n near_o yarmouth_n and_o our_o neighbour_a pasture_n at_o barnes_n yet_o be_v these_o plantation_n but_o of_o late_a year_n in_o comparison_n it_o be_v a_o noble_a and_o immortal_a providence_n to_o imitate_v these_o good_a husband_n in_o large_a and_o more_o august_a plantation_n of_o such_o useful_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o fuel_n as_o well_o as_o for_o shade_n and_o ornament_n to_o our_o dwelling_n 16._o but_o these_o incomparable_a undertake_n will_v best_o of_o all_o become_v the_o inspection_n and_o care_n of_o the_o honourable_a lieutenant_n and_o ranger_n when_o they_o delight_v themselves_o as_o much_o in_o the_o goodliness_n of_o their_o tree_n as_o other_o man_n general_o do_v in_o their_o dog_n and_o horse_n for_o race_n and_o hunt_v neither_o of_o which_o recreation_n be_v comparable_a to_o that_o of_o plant_v either_o for_o virtue_n or_o pleasure_n be_v thing_n just_o consider_v according_a to_o their_o true_a estimation_n not_o yet_o that_o i_o be_o of_o so_o morose_v a_o humour_n that_o i_o reprove_v any_o of_o those_o noble_a and_o manly_a diversion_n seasonable_o use_v but_o because_o i_o will_v court_v the_o industry_n of_o great_a and_o opulent_a person_n to_o profitable_a and_o permanent_a delight_n for_o suppose_v that_o ambition_n be_v change_v into_o a_o laudable_a emulation_n who_o shall_v best_o and_o with_o most_o artifice_n raise_v a_o plantation_n of_o tree_n that_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o proper_a ornament_n and_o perfection_n their_o nature_n be_v susceptible_a of_o by_o their_o direction_n and_o encouragement_n such_o as_o aelian_a sum_n up_o lib._n 3._o c._n 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n kind_n and_o gentle_a limb_n plenty_n of_o large_a leaf_n a_o ample_a and_o fair_a body_n profound_a or_o spread_a root_n strong_a against_o impetuous_a wind_n for_o so_o i_o affect_v to_o read_v it_o extensive_a and_o venerable_a shade_n and_o the_o like_a methinks_v there_o be_v as_o much_o a_o subject_n of_o glory_n as_o can_v be_v phancy_v of_o the_o kind_n and_o comparable_a i_o dare_v pronounce_v preferable_a to_o any_o of_o their_o recreation_n and_o how_o goodly_a a_o ornament_n to_o their_o demesne_n and_o dwelling_n let_v their_o own_o eye_n be_v the_o judge_n 17._o one_o encouragement_n more_o i_o will_v reinforce_v from_o a_o history_n i_o have_v read_v of_o a_o certain_a frugal_a and_o most_o industrious_a italian_a nobleman_n who_o after_o his_o lady_n be_v bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o daughter_n consider_v that_o wood_n and_o timber_n be_v a_o revenue_n come_v on_o
whilst_o the_o owner_n be_v asleep_a command_v his_o servant_n immediate_o to_o plant_v in_o his_o land_n which_o be_v ample_a oak_n ash_n and_o other_o profitable_a and_o marketable_a tree_n to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o as_o undoubted_o calculate_v that_o each_o of_o those_o tree_n may_v be_v worth_a twenty_o penny_n before_o his_o daughter_n become_v marriageable_a which_o will_v amount_v to_o 100000_o franc_n which_o be_v near_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a intend_v to_o be_v give_v with_o his_o daughter_n for_o a_o portion_n this_o be_v good_a philosophy_n and_o such_o as_o i_o be_o assure_v be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o flanders_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o account_n let_v we_o see_v it_o once_o take_v effect_n among_o our_o many_o slothful_a gentry_n who_o have_v certain_o as_o large_a demesne_n and_o yet_o be_v so_o deficient_a in_o that_o decent_a point_n of_o timely_a provide_v for_o their_o numerous_a child_n and_o those_o who_o have_v none_o let_v they_o the_o rather_o plant_v tree_n and_o vegetable_n have_v perpetuate_v some_o name_n long_o and_o better_a than_o a_o pedigree_n of_o a_o numerous_a offspring_n and_o it_o be_v a_o pledge_n of_o a_o noble_a mind_n to_o oblige_v the_o future_a age_n by_o our_o particular_a industry_n and_o by_o a_o long_a last_a train_n with_o the_o live_a work_n of_o our_o own_o hand_n but_o i_o now_o proceed_v to_o more_o general_n concern_v in_o order_n to_o the_o query_n and_o first_o to_o the_o proportion_n 18._o it_o be_v but_o just_a and_o infinite_o befit_v the_o miserable_a needs_o of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o every_o twenty_o acre_n of_o pasture_n make_v a_o allowance_n for_o half_a a_o acre_n of_o timber_n the_o ground_n dig_v about_o christmas_n cast_v the_o grassy-side_n downward_o till_o june_n than_o dig_v again_o and_o about_o november_n stir_v afresh_o and_o sow_v with_o mast_n or_o plant_v in_o a_o clump_a well_o preserve_v and_o fence_v for_o 14_o or_o 15_o year_n unless_o that_o sheep_n may_v haply_o graze_v after_o 4_o or_o 5_o year_n and_o where_o the_o young_a tree_n stand_v too_o thick_a there_o to_o draw_v and_o transplant_v they_o in_o the_o hedgerow_n which_o will_v also_o prove_v excellent_a shelter_n for_o the_o cattle_n this_o husbandry_n will_v more_o especial_o become_v northhamptonshire_n lincolnshire_n cornwall_n and_o such_o other_o of_o our_o country_n as_o be_v the_o most_o naked_a of_o timber_n fuel_n etc._n etc._n and_o unprovided_a of_o covert_n for_o it_o be_v right_o observe_v that_o the_o most_o fruitful_a place_n lest_o abound_v in_o wood_n and_o do_v most_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o 19_o such_o as_o be_v ready_a to_o tell_v you_o their_o land_n be_v so_o wet_a that_o their_o wood_n do_v not_o thrive_v in_o they_o let_v they_o be_v convert_v to_o pasture_n or_o bestow_v the_o same_o industry_n on_o they_o which_o good_a husband_n do_v in_o meadow_n by_o drain_n it_o be_v a_o sloathfullnesse_n unpardonable_a as_o if_o the_o pain_n will_v not_o be_v as_o full_o recompense_v in_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o timber_n as_o in_o that_o of_o their_o grass_n where_o poor_a hungry_a wood_n grow_v rich_a corn_n and_o good_a cattle_n will_v be_v more_o plentiful_o breed_v and_o it_o be_v beneficial_a to_o convert_v some_o wood-land_n where_o the_o proper_a virtue_n be_v exhaust_v to_o pasture_n and_o tillage_n provide_v that_o fresh_a land_n be_v improve_v also_o to_o wood_n in_o recompense_n and_o to_o balance_v the_o other_o 20._o where_o we_o find_v uliginous_a and_o starve_a place_n which_o sometime_o obey_v no_o art_n or_o industry_n to_o drain_v and_o of_o which_o our_o pale_a and_o fade_a corn_n be_v a_o sure_a indication_n we_o be_v as_o it_o be_v court_v to_o obey_v nature_n and_o improve_v they_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o sally_n willow_n alder_n abele_n sycomore_n aspen_n bircb_n and_o the_o like_a hasty_a and_o profitable_a grower_n by_o range_v they_o cast_v of_o ditch_n trench_n etc._n etc._n as_o before_o have_v be_v teach_v 21._o in_o the_o mean_a while_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v deplore_v that_o some_o person_n bestow_v more_o in_o grub_v and_o dress_v a_o few_o acre_n which_o have_v be_v excellent_a wood_n to_o convert_v it_o into_o wretched_a pasture_n not_o worth_a a_o quarter_n of_o what_o the_o tree_n will_v have_v yield_v well_o order_v and_o leave_v stand_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o barren_a land_n plant_v with_o wood_n will_v treble_a the_o expense_n in_o a_o short_a time_n of_o this_o the_o r._n honourable_a the_o l._n viscount_n scudamor_n may_v give_v fair_a proof_n who_o have_v fell_v as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v a_o decay_a wood_n intend_v to_o be_v set_v to_o tenant_n but_o upon_o second_o thought_n and_o for_o that_o his_o lordship_n see_v it_o apt_a to_o cast_v wood_n enclose_v and_o preserve_v it_o yield_v he_o before_o thirty_o year_n be_v expire_v near_o 1000_o pound_n upon_o wood-falls_a whereas_o the_o utmost_a rent_n of_o the_o whole_a price_n of_o land_n yearly_a be_v not_o above_o 8_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n the_o like_a i_o be_o able_a to_o confirm_v by_o instance_v a_o noble_a person_n who_o a_o little_a before_o our_o unhappy_a war_n have_v sow_v three_o or_o four_o acre_n with_o acorn_n the_o four_o year_n transplant_v they_o which_o grow_v too_o thick_a all_o about_o his_o lordship_n these_o tree_n be_v now_o of_o that_o stature_n and_o so_o likely_a to_o prove_v excellent_a timber_n that_o they_o be_v already_o judge_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o much_o worth_n as_o the_o whole_a demesne_n and_o yet_o they_o take_v off_o nothing_o from_o other_o profit_n have_v be_v discreet_o dispose_v of_o at_o the_o first_o designment_n and_o suppose_v the_o longuaevity_n of_o tree_n shall_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o period_n we_o have_v upon_o so_o good_a account_n produce_v yet_o neither_o be_v their_o arrival_n to_o a_o very_a competent_a perfection_n so_o very_o discourage_v since_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v that_o several_a person_n have_v build_v of_o timber_n and_o that_o of_o oak_n which_o be_v acorn_n within_o this_o forty_o year_n and_o i_o find_v it_o credible_o report_v that_o even_o our_o famous_a forest_n of_o dean_n have_v be_v utter_o waste_v no_o less_o than_o three_o several_a time_n within_o the_o space_n of_o nine-hundred_n year_n the_o prince_n elector_n frederic_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1606._o sow_v a_o part_n of_o that_o most_o barren_a heath_n of_o lambertheim_n with_o acorn_n after_o plough_v as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v it_o be_v now_o likely_a to_o prove_v a_o most_o goodly_a forest_n though_o all_o this_o while_n miserable_o neglect_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n for_o the_o care_n of_o plant_v tree_n shall_v indeed_o be_v recommend_v to_o prince_n and_o great_a person_n who_o have_v the_o fee_n of_o the_o estate_n tenant_n upon_o the_o rack_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tedious_a expectation_n and_o jealousy_n of_o have_v their_o land_n enhance_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n averse_a from_o this_o husbandry_n so_o that_o unless_o the_o landlord_n will_v be_v at_o the_o whole_a charge_n of_o plant_v and_o fence_v without_o which_o as_o good_a no_o plant_v little_a be_v to_o be_v expect_v and_o whatsoever_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o above_o their_o usual_a course_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o whim_n and_o fancy_n of_o speculative_a person_n which_o they_o turn_v into_o ridicule_n when_o they_o be_v apply_v to_o action_n and_o this_o say_v a_o ingenious_a and_o excellent_a husband_n who_o observation_n have_v afford_v i_o no_o little_a treasure_n may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o prime_a writer_n of_o all_o age_n endeavour_v to_o involve_v their_o discourse_n with_o allegory_n and_o enigmatical_a term_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o contempt_n and_o pollution_n of_o the_o vulgar_a which_o have_v be_v of_o some_o ill_a consequence_n in_o husbandry_n for_o that_o very_o few_o writer_n of_o worth_n have_v adventure_v upon_o so_o plain_a a_o subject_a though_o doubtless_o to_o any_o consider_v person_n the_o most_o delightful_a kind_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o that_o which_o employ_v the_o most_o useful_a part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n the_o right_a honourable_a my_o lord_n viscount_n montague_n have_v plant_v many_o thousand_o of_o oak_n which_o i_o be_o tell_v he_o draw_v out_o of_o copse_n big_a enough_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o that_o with_o such_o success_n as_o have_v exceed_o improve_v his_o possession_n and_o it_o be_v a_o worthy_a example_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v show_v a_o avenue_n plant_v to_o a_o house_n stand_v in_o a_o barren_a park_n the_o soil_n a_o cold_a clay_n it_o consist_v total_o of_o oak_n one_o hundred_o in_o number_n the_o person_n who_o first_o set_v they_o die_v very_o late_o live_v to_o see_v they_o spread_v their_o branch_n 123_o foot_n in_o compass_n
which_o at_o distance_n of_o 24_o foot_n mingle_v their_o shady_a tress_n for_o above_o 1000_o in_o length_n form_n themselves_o into_o one_o of_o the_o most_o venerable_a and_o stately_a arbour_n walk_v that_o in_o my_o life_n i_o ever_o behold_v this_o be_v at_o baynard_n in_o surrey_n and_o belong_v to_o my_o most_o honour_a brother_n because_o a_o most_o industrious_a planter_n of_o wood_n richard_n evelyn_n esq_n the_o walk_n be_v broad_a 56_o foot_n and_o one_o tree_n with_o another_o contain_n by_o estimation_n three_o quarter_n of_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n in_o each_o tree_n and_o in_o their_o lop_v three_o cord_n of_o firewood_n their_o body_n be_v not_o of_o the_o tall_a have_v be_v top_v when_o they_o be_v young_a to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o uniform_a height_n yet_o be_v the_o timber_n most_o excellent_a for_o its_o scantling_n and_o for_o their_o head_n few_o in_o england_n excel_v they_o where_o some_o of_o their_o contemporary_n be_v plant_v single_a in_o the_o park_n without_o cumber_v they_o spread_v above_o fourscore_o foot_n in_o arm_n 22._o i_o have_v produce_v these_o example_n because_o they_o be_v conspicuous_a full_a of_o encouragement_n worthy_a our_o imitation_n and_o that_o from_o these_o and_o sundry_a other_o which_o i_o may_v enumerate_v we_o have_v make_v this_o observation_n that_o almost_o any_o soil_n be_v proper_a for_o some_o profitable_a timber-tree_n or_o other_o which_o be_v good_a for_o very_o little_a else_o 23._o the_o bottom_n of_o down_n and_o like_a place_n well_o plow_v and_o sow_v will_v bear_v lusty_a timber_n be_v break_v up_o and_o let_v lie_v till_o midsummer_n and_o then_o stir_v again_o before_o sow_v about_o november_n a_o old_a and_o judicious_a planter_n of_o wood_n prescribe_v we_o these_o direction_n for_o improve_n of_o sheep-walk_n down_n heath_n etc._n etc._n suppose_v on_o every_o such_o walk_n on_o which_o 500_o sheep_n may_v be_v keep_v there_o be_v plow_v up_o twenty_o acre_n plow_v pretty_o deep_a that_o the_o root_n may_v take_v hold_n and_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o wind_n this_o shall_v be_v sow_v with_o mast_n of_o oak_n beech_n chat_v of_o ash_n maple-key_n sloe_n service-berry_n nut_n bullis_n etc._n etc._n bruise_a crab_n and_o haw_n mingle_v and_o scatter_v about_o the_o side_n and_o end_n of_o the_o ground_n near_o a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n on_o the_o rest_n sow_v no_o haw_n but_o some_o few_o crabkernell_n then_o begin_v at_o a_o side_n and_o sow_v five_o yard_n broad_a plough_v under_o the_o mast_n etc._n etc._n very_o shallow_a then_o leave_v six_o yard_n in_o breadth_n and_o sow_v and_o plough_v five_o yard_n more_o and_o so_o from_o side_n to_o side_n remember_v to_o leave_v a_o yard_n and_o half_a at_o the_o last_o side_n let_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o head-land_n lie_v till_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o close_a be_v sow_v in_o march_n with_o oat_n etc._n etc._n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o hurt_n of_o cattle_n and_o potch_v the_o ground_n when_o the_o spring_n be_v of_o two_o year_n growth_n draw_v part_n of_o it_o for_o quicksets_a and_o when_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v of_o six_o year_n shoot_v exhaust_v it_o of_o more_o and_o leave_v not_o above_o forty_o of_o either_o side_n each_o row_n five_o yard_n distant_a and_o here_o and_o there_o a_o crab_n stock_n to_o graft_v on_o and_o in_o the_o environ_v hedge_n to_o be_v leave_v thick_a let_v each_o tree_n stand_v four_o yard_n asunder_o which_o if_o forty_o four_o be_v spare_v will_v amount_v to_o about_o 4000_o tree_n at_o twenty_o year_n end_n stock_n up_o 2000_o of_o they_o lop_v a_o thousand_o more_o every_o ten_o year_n and_o reserve_v the_o remain_v thousand_o for_o timber_n judge_v what_o this_o may_v be_v worth_a in_o a_o short_a time_n beside_o the_o grass_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v grow_v the_o first_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o shelter_n for_o sheep_n in_o ill_a wether_n when_o they_o can_v be_v fold_v and_o the_o pasture_n which_o will_v be_v have_v under_o the_o tree_n now_o at_o eleven_o yard_n interval_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o stocking_n up_o those_o 2000_o we_o mention_v except_v the_o hedge_n and_o if_o in_o any_o of_o these_o place_n any_o considerable_a water_n fortune_n to_o lie_v in_o their_o bottom_n fowl_n will_v abundant_o both_o breed_n and_o harbour_v there_o these_o be_v admirable_a direction_n for_o park-land_n where_o shelter_n and_o food_n be_v scarcy_n but_o even_o this_o improvement_n yet_o do_v no_o way_n reach_v what_o i_o have_v meet_v withal_o in_o the_o most_o accurate_a and_o no_o less_o laborious_a calculation_n of_o captain_n smith_n upon_o this_o very_a topic_n where_o he_o demonstrative_o assert_n that_o a_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n plant_v at_o one_o foot_n interval_n in_o 7201_o row_n take_v up_o 51854401_o plant_n of_o oak_n ash_n chessnut_n or_o to_o be_v sow_v take_v up_o 17284800_o of_o each_o sort_n and_o fit_a to_o be_v transplant_v at_o three_o year_n period_n if_o set_v in_o good_a ground_n be_v worth_a eighteen_o penny_n the_o hundred_o and_o there_o be_v 345696_o hundred_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o less_o than_o 25927_o l._n 4_o s._n beside_o the_o chessnut_n of_o which_o there_o be_v 1728480_o l._n value_v at_o and_o worth_a half_a a_o crown_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 21606_o l._n and_o the_o total_a of_o all_o to_o 47533_o l._n 4_o s._n this_o be_v make_v out_o consider_v what_o a_o immense_a sum_n great_a tree_n will_v amount_v to_o and_o in_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o land_n such_o as_o be_v worthy_a a_o royal_a undertake_n it_o be_v compute_v that_o at_o three_o foot_n distance_n the_o first_o felling_n that_o be_v eight_z or_o nine_o year_n after_o their_o plant_v will_v be_v worth_a in_o hoop_n pole_n fire_v etc._n etc._n 55015_o l._n and_o the_o second_o fall_v 28657_o l._n 19_o s._n 5_o d._n and_o the_o four_o which_o may_v be_v about_o thirty_o two_o year_n from_o their_o semination_n 90104_o l._n 17_o s._n and_o so_o forward_o at_o four_o foot_n interval_n and_o felling_n according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n you_o may_v likewise_o reckon_v and_o in_o 11_o year_n with_o three_o year_n crop_n of_o wheat_n sow_v at_o first_o between_n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 34001_o l._n 9_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o the_o next_o very_o much_o more_o in_o regard_n the_o wood_n will_v spring_v up_o thick_a so_o as_o at_o the_o five_o fall_v the_o account_n stand_v 126_o 992_o l._n 10_o s._n 2_o d._n etc._n etc._n and_o at_o the_o seven_o whoever_o live_v to_o it_o 200000_o and_o if_o plant_v at_o wide_a distance_n viz._n 18_o foot_n according_a to_o the_o captain_n method_n at_o 30_o or_o 40_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v compute_v they_o worth_a 19296â—_n l._n 6_o s._n and_o in_o seventy_o year_n 201001_o beside_o the_o three_o year_n crop_n of_o wheat_n in_o all_o 410312_o l._n 16_o s._n which_o at_o 36_o foot_n interval_n account_v the_o utmost_a for_o timber_n take_v up_o for_o 1000_o acre_n 40401_o tree_n for_o the_o first_o 100_o year_n then_o to_o make_v room_n as_o they_o grow_v large_a grub_v up_o every_o middle_a tree_n at_o 9_o l._n per_fw-la tree_n 19800_o tree_n amount_v to_o 99000_o l._n and_o the_o remain_v 20601_o at_o 220_o year_n growth_n at_o but_o 8_o l._n per_fw-la tree_n come_v to_o 164808_o l._n beside_o the_o inferior_a crop_n of_o meadow_n or_o corn_n in_o all_o this_o time_n sow_v in_o the_o distance_n reckon_v for_o three_o year_n product_v 90000_o bushel_n at_o 5_o s._n per_fw-la bushel_n which_o will_v amount_v to_o 22500_o l._n beside_o the_o straw_n chaff_n etc._n etc._n which_o at_o 5_o s._n a_o load_n and_o 3_o d._n a_o bush_n chaff_n come_v to_o 2025_o l._n so_o as_o the_o total_a improvement_n beside_o the_o 217_o year_n emolument_fw-fr arise_v from_o the_o corn_n cattle_n etc._n etc._n amount_v to_o 288333._o and_o these_o tree_n as_o well_o they_o may_v come_v to_o be_v worth_a for_o timber_n 20_o l._n a_o oak_n the_o 20601_o tree_n amount_v to_o 412020_o l._n and_o the_o total_a improvement_n of_o the_o 1000_o acre_n the_o corn_n profit_v not_o compute_v ascend_v to_o 675833_o l._n so_o as_o admit_v there_o be_v in_o all_o england_n and_o which_o his_o majesty_n may_v easy_o compass_v even_o for_o his_o own_o proportion_n and_o for_o posterity_n 20000_o acre_n thus_o plant_v at_o two_o foot_n diameter_n and_o as_o may_v be_v presume_v thirty_o foot_n high_a which_o in_o 150_o year_n they_o may_v well_o arrive_v to_o they_o will_v be_v worth_a 13516660_o l._n a_o immense_a and_o stupendous_a sum_n and_o a_o everlasting_a supply_n for_o all_o the_o use_v both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n but_o it_o be_v to_o captain_n smith_n laborious_a work_n to_o which_o i_o wish_v all_o encouragement_n that_o we_o
one_o load_n will_v suffice_v for_o six_o or_o seven_o tree_n this_o be_v much_o more_o proper_a than_o rot_v soil_n or_o loose_a earth_n the_o fat_a mould_n best_o agree_v with_o the_o apple_n tree_n the_o broad_a and_o deep_a your_o ditch_n be_v the_o high_a will_v be_v your_o bank_n and_o the_o secure_a your_o fence_n but_o than_o you_o must_v add_v some_o good_a earth_n in_o the_o second_o year_n as_o before_o i_o must_v subjoin_v that_o only_a tree_n of_o a_o upright_a growth_n be_v thus_o plant_v in_o open_a ground_n because_o spread_v of_o low_a grow_a tree_n will_v be_v still_o within_o reach_n of_o cattle_n as_o they_o increase_v nor_o have_v i_o meet_v with_o any_o inconvenience_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o transplant_n which_o be_v applicable_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n but_o that_o the_o mole_n and_o the_o ant_n may_v find_v ready_a entertainment_n the_o first_o year_n and_o sometime_o impair_v a_o weak_a root_a plant_n otherwise_o it_o rare_o miscarry_v in_o sum_n this_o manner_n of_o fence_v be_v soon_o execute_v by_o a_o indifferent_a workman_n who_o will_v easy_o set_v and_o guard_v six_o tree_n in_o a_o winter_n day_n thus_o far_o mr._n buckland_n to_o which_o we_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o those_o which_o be_v plant_v in_o the_o hedg-row_n need_v none_o of_o these_o defence_n for_o i_o be_o tell_v in_o hereford-shire_n in_o the_o plantation_n of_o their_o quicksets_a or_o any_o other_o all_o man_n do_v so_o superstitious_o place_v a_o crab-stock_n at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v under_o some_o rigorous_a statute_n require_v it_o and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v content_a with_o fruit_n in_o the_o border_a mound_n than_o to_o be_v at_o all_o this_o trouble_n to_o raise_v tump_n or_o temporary_a bank_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o enclosure_n or_o if_o pear_n will_v thrive_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ortyard_n as_o we_o frequent_o see_v they_o where_o neither_o apple_n or_o other_o fruit_n can_v in_o appearance_n be_v expect_v than_o crab_n which_o may_v be_v raise_v on_o the_o mound_n will_v kind_o mix_v the_o liquor_n into_o very_o good_a beverage_n chap._n viii_o of_o prune_v and_o use_v of_o the_o fruit-tree_n the_o branch_n be_v to_o be_v lop_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o bruise_n of_o the_o root_n who_o fibre_n else_o shall_v only_o be_v quicken_v not_o altogether_o cut_v off_o nor_o entangle_v for_o the_o top_n let_v a_o little_a of_o each_o arm_n be_v lop_v in_o cider-fruit_n only_o but_o for_o the_o pear_n cut_v two_o or_o three_o bud_n deep_a at_o the_o summity_n of_o their_o aspire_a branch_n just_a above_o the_o eye_n slant_v this_o will_v keep_v they_o from_o overhasty_a mount_a reduce_v they_o into_o shape_n and_o accelerate_v their_o bear_n to_o this_o we_o add_v again_o out_o of_o dr._n beals_n herefordshire_n orchard_n pag._n 23._o in_o a_o graffed_a plant_n every_o bough_n shall_v be_v lop_v at_o the_o very_a top_n in_o apple_n and_o pear_n as_o in_o cherry_n and_o plum_n if_o transplant_v without_o violation_n of_o root_n which_o only_o indeed_o render_v it_o less_o necessary_a in_o most_o kind_n of_o natural_a plant_n the_o bough_n shall_v not_o at_o all_o be_v lop_v but_o some_o take_v off_o close_o to_o the_o trunk_n that_o the_o root_n at_o first_o transplantation_n be_v not_o engage_v to_o maintain_v too_o many_o sucker_n this_o to_o be_v understand_v though_o of_o such_o as_o grow_v natural_o from_o the_o kernel_n or_o the_o bur-knot_n especial_o if_o remove_v after_o they_o be_v well_o root_v and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v with_o such_o discretion_n that_o the_o top-branch_n be_v not_o too_o close_o together_o for_o the_o natural_a plant_n be_v apt_a to_o grow_v spiry_n and_o thereby_o fail_v of_o fruitfulness_n therefore_o let_v the_o reserve_a branch_n be_v divide_v at_o a_o convenient_a roundness_n the_o branch_n of_o those_o we_o call_v natural_a plant_n for_o usual_o the_o graffed_a general_o fail_v that_o be_v cut_v off_o may_v be_v set_v and_o will_v grow_v though_o slow_o if_o the_o top_n prove_v spiry_n or_o the_o fruit_n unkind_a than_o the_o due_a remedy_n must_v be_v in_o re-graffing_a see_v chap._n xxviij_o in_o sylva_n beside_o the_o perrys_z dry_a and_o preserve_v fruit_n useful_a be_v the_o pear-tree_n and_o best_o the_o most_o barren_a or_o pig-taile_n as_o they_o call_v it_o which_o be_v the_o wild_a pyraster_n for_o its_o excellent_a colour_a timber_n hard_a and_o levigable_a seldom_o or_o not_o ordinary_o worm-eaten_a especial_o for_o stool_n table_n chair_n pistol-stock_n instrument-maker_n cabinet_n and_o very_o many_o work_n of_o the_o joiner_n who_o can_v make_v it_o easy_o to_o counterfeit_v ebony_n and_o sculptor_n either_o for_o flat_a or_o emboss_a work_n and_o to_o engrave_v upon_o because_o the_o grain_n intercept_v not_o the_o tool_n and_o so_o be_v likewise_o both_o the_o black-cherry_n especial_o for_o the_o neck_n of_o musical-instrument_n and_o the_o plum-tree_n animadversion_n if_o some_o of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n seem_v less_o constant_a or_o upon_o occasion_n repugnant_a to_o one_o another_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o several_a gust_n and_o guize_n of_o person_n and_o country_n and_o not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o recommend_v secret_n much_o less_o impose_v far_o than_o upon_o trial_n they_o may_v prove_v grateful_a to_o the_o public_a and_o the_o different_a inclination_n of_o those_o who_o affect_v these_o drink_n nor_o in_o reason_n ought_v any_o to_o decry_v what_o be_v propose_v for_o the_o universal_a benefit_n since_o it_o cost_v they_o nothing_o but_o their_o civility_n to_o so_o many_o oblige_a person_n general_z advertisement_n concern_v cider_n by_o d_o r_o beale_n 1._o he_o that_o will_v treat_v exact_o of_o cider_n and_o perry_n must_v lay_v his_o foundation_n so_o deep_a as_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o soil_n for_o as_o no_o culture_n or_o graffs_n will_v exalt_v the_o french_a wine_n to_o compare_v with_o the_o wine_n of_o greece_n canary_n and_o montefiasco_n so_o neither_o will_v the_o cider_n of_o bromyard_n and_o ledbury_n equal_a that_o of_o ham_n lacy_n and_o kings-capell_a in_o the_o same_o small_a county_n of_o hereford_n 2._o yet_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o graff_n or_o fruit_n have_v so_o much_o of_o prevalency_n that_o the_o red-strake-cider_n will_v every_o where_o excel_v common_a cider_n as_o the_o grape_n of_o frontignac_n canary_n or_o baccharach_n excel_v the_o common_a french_a grape_n at_o least_o till_o by_o time_n and_o traduction_n it_o degenerate_v 3._o i_o can_v divine_v what_o soil_n or_o what_o fruit_n will_v yield_v the_o best_a cider_n or_o how_o excellent_a cider_n or_o perry_n may_v be_v if_o all_o soil_n in_o common_a and_o all_o fruit_n be_v try_v but_o for_o thirty_o year_n i_o have_v try_v all_o sort_n of_o cider_n in_o hereford-shire_n and_o for_o three_o year_n i_o have_v try_v the_o best_a cider_n in_o somersetshire_n and_o for_o some_o year_n i_o have_v have_v the_o best_a cider_n of_o kent_n and_o essex_n at_o my_o call_n yet_o hitherto_o i_o have_v always_o find_v the_o cider_n of_o hereford_n shire_n the_o best_a and_o so_o adjudge_v by_o all_o good_a palate_n but_o i_o shall_v rejoice_v to_o be_v better_o inform_v and_o true_o from_o all_o other_o country_n and_o do_v both_o wish_v and_o hope_n that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n we_o shall_v every_o where_o be_v rich_a in_o many_o improvement_n 4._o i_o can_v undertake_v to_o particularize_v all_o kind_n of_o soil_n no_o more_o than_o to_o compute_v how_o many_o syllable_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o alphabet_n the_o number_n of_o alphabetical_a element_n be_v better_o know_v than_o the_o ingredient_n and_o particle_n of_o soil_n as_o chalk_n day_n gravel_n sand_n marle_n the_o tenaciousness_n colour_n and_o innumerable_a other_o quality_n show_v endless_a diversity_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o crab_n apple_n and_o pear_n be_v as_o various_a as_o of_o grape_n fig_n and_o plum_n 5._o yet_o in_o gross_a this_o i_o note_v that_o as_o bacchus_n amat_fw-la colle_n and_o a_o light_a ground_n so_o our_o best_a cider_n come_v from_o the_o hot_a rie-land_n in_o fat_a wheat-land_n it_o be_v more_o sluggish_a and_o in_o white_a stiff_a clay-land_n as_o in_o woollhope_n in_o hereford-shire_n the_o common_a cider_n retain_v a_o thick_a whey-colour_n and_o not_o good_a only_o such_o as_o rise_v there_o by_o the_o diligence_n or_o some_o art_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bright_a and_o clear_a and_o so_o lively_a that_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o challenge_v the_o best_a 6._o some_o cider_n mix_v kind_o with_o water_n in_o the_o cider-mill_n and_o will_v hold_v out_o a_o good_a small_a wine_n and_o less_o inflame_a all_o the_o follow_a summer_n some_o cider_n as_o of_o long-hope_a a_o kind_n of_o
in_o beer_n juniper-berry_n agree_v well_o and_o friendly_a for_o cough_n weak_a lung_n and_o the_o age_a but_o not_o at_o first_o for_o every_o palate_n the_o most_o infallible_a and_o undiscerned_a improver_n be_v mustard_n a_o pint_n to_o each_o hogshead_n bruise_v as_o for_o sauce_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o same_o cider_n and_o apply_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o vessel_n be_v to_o be_v close_v after_o ferment_v 25._o bottle_v be_v the_o next_o improver_n and_o proper_a for_o cider_n some_o put_v two_o or_o three_o raisin_n into_o every_o bottle_n which_o be_v to_o seek_v aid_n from_o the_o vine_n here_o in_o somersetshire_n i_o have_v see_v as_o much_o as_o a_o wal_n nut_n of_o sugar_n not_o without_o cause_n use_v for_o this_o country_n cider_n 26._o crab_n do_v not_o hasten_v the_o decay_n of_o perry_n but_o preserve_v it_o as_o salt_n preserve_v flesh_n but_o pear_n and_o crab_n be_v of_o a_o thousand_o kind_n require_v more_o aphorism_n this_o only_a i_o will_v note_n that_o land_n which_o refuse_v apple_n be_v general_o civil_a to_o pear_n and_o crab_n mingle_v with_o they_o make_v a_o rich_a and_o wholesome_a cider_n and_o have_v sometime_o challenge_v even_o the_o best_a red-strake_a 27._o neither_o wheat_n leven_n sulphur_n nor_o mustard_n be_v use_v but_o by_o very_a few_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o make_v cider_n last_o well_o for_o two_o three_o or_o four_o year_n 28._o the_o time_n of_o draw_v cider_n into_o bottle_n be_v best_a in_o march_n it_o be_v then_o clarify_v by_o the_o winter_n and_o free_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n 29._o in_o draw_v the_o best_a be_v near_o the_o heart_n or_o middle_n of_o the_o vessel_n as_o the_o yelk_n in_o the_o egg_n 30._o redstrakes_a be_v of_o divers_a kind_n but_o the_o name_n be_v in_o herefordshire_n appropriate_v to_o one_o kind_n which_o be_v fair_a and_o large_a of_o a_o high_a purple_a colour_n the_o smell_v aromatical_a the_o tree_n a_o very_a shrub_n soon_o bear_v a_o full_a burden_n and_o seldom_o or_o never_o fail_v till_o it_o decay_v which_o be_v much_o soon_o than_o other_o appletree_n it_o be_v late_o spread_v all_o over_o hereford-shire_n and_o he_o that_o compute_v speedy_a return_n and_o true_a wine_n will_v think_v of_o no_o other_o cider-apple_n till_o a_o better_a be_v find_v 31._o i_o say_v the_o red_a strike_v be_v a_o small_a shrub_n it_o be_v of_o small_a growth_n where_o the_o cider_n prove_v rich_a for_o aught_o we_o have_v yet_o see_v in_o herefordshire_n viz._n in_o light_n quick_a land_n and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v very_o dry_a jejune_n and_o shallow_a that_o and_o other_o cider-fruit_n especial_o the_o gennet-moyle_n will_v suspend_v the_o store_n of_o fruit_n alternative_o every_o other_o year_n except_o some_o blast_n or_o surprise_a frost_n in_o the_o spring_n alter_v that_o method_n for_o two_o bad_a year_n seldom_o come_v together_o very_o hardly_o three_o 32._o in_o good_a soil_n i_o mean_v of_o common_a field_n for_o fat_a land_n be_v not_o best_o for_o cider-fruit_n but_o common_a arable_a i_o have_v see_v the_o tree_n of_o good_a growth_n almost_o equal_v other_o cider-tree_n the_o apple_n large_a and_o seldom_o fail_v of_o a_o good_a burden_n thus_o in_o the_o vale_n of_o wheat-land_n in_o strong_a glebe_n or_o clay_n where_o the_o cider_n be_v not_o so_o much_o extol_v but_o still_o sack_n be_v sack_n and_o canary_n differ_v from_o claret_n so_o do_v the_o red-strake-cider_n of_o the_o vale_n excel_v any_o other_o cider_n of_o the_o foresay_a soil_n such_o as_o be_v already_o celebrate_v for_o its_o kindness_n to_o good_a cider_n 33._o yet_o this_o distinction_n of_o soil_n require_v much_o experience_n and_o great_a heed_n if_o we_o insist_v upon_o accurate_a direction_n for_o as_o lauremberg_n say_v in_o pingni_fw-la solo_fw-la non_fw-la seruntur_fw-la omne_fw-la rectè_fw-la neque_fw-la in_fw-la macro_fw-la nihil_fw-la and_o for_o garden_n flower_n and_o orchard_n i_o will_v choose_v many_o time_n such_o land_n as_o do_v not_o please_v the_o husbandman_n either_o for_o wheat_n or_o sweet_a pasture_n which_o be_v his_o chief_a aim_n and_o thus_o lauremberg_n in_o arida_fw-la &_o tenui_fw-la terra_fw-la faelicius_fw-la proveniunt_fw-la ruta_n allium_fw-la petroselinum_n crocus_n hyssopus_fw-la capparis_fw-la lupini_fw-la satureia_n thymus_n arbores_n quoque_fw-la tenue_n &_o macilentum_fw-la solum_fw-la amane_a itemque_fw-la frutices_fw-la plerique_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la arbores_fw-la sunt_fw-la pomus_fw-la pyrus_n cerasus_n prunus_fw-la persica_fw-la cotonea_fw-la morus_n juglans_n corylus_fw-la staphylodendrum_fw-la mespilus_n ornus_fw-la castanea_n etc._n etc._n frutices_fw-la scil_n vitis_n berberis_n genista_fw-la juniperus_n oxyacantha_n periclymenum_n rosa_fw-la ribesium_fw-la wa_fw-la spina_n vaccinia_fw-la etc._n etc._n 34._o but_o here_o also_o we_o must_v distinguish_v that_o pear_n will_v bear_v in_o a_o very_a stony_a hungry_a gravelly-land_n such_o as_o apple_n will_v not_o bear_v in_o and_o i_o have_v see_v pear_n bear_v in_o a_o tough_a bind_v hungry_a clay_n when_o apple_n can_v not_o so_o well_o bear_v it_o as_o the_o smooth_a rind_n of_o the_o pear-tree_n and_o the_o mossy_a and_o canker_a rind_n of_o the_o apple_n tree_n do_v prove_v the_o root_n of_o a_o pear-tree_n be_v it_o seem_v more_o able_a to_o pierce_v a_o stony_a and_o stiff_a ground_n and_o cherry_n mulberry_n and_o plum_n can_v rejoice_v in_o a_o rich_a soil_n though_o by_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o root_n the_o shallow_a soil_n will_v suffice_v they_o and_o the_o quince_n require_v a_o deep_a ground_n and_o will_v bear_v with_o some_o degree_n of_o hungry_a land_n if_o they_o be_v supply_v with_o a_o due_a measure_n of_o succulency_n and_o neighbour_a moisture_n and_o the_o other_o shrub_n according_a to_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o root_n do_v general_o bear_v a_o thin_a land_n i_o have_v see_v a_o soil_n so_o much_o too_o rank_a for_o apple_n and_o plum_n that_o all_o their_o fruit_n from_o year_n to_o year_n be_v always_o worm-eaten_a till_o their_o life_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o fire_n 35._o to_o take_v up_o from_o these_o curiosity_n the_o most_o useful_a result_v to_o our_o purpose_n we_o have_v always_o find_v these_o orchard_n to_o grow_v best_a last_v long_a and_o bear_v most_o which_o be_v frequent_o till_v for_o barley_n wheat_n or_o other_o corn_n and_o keep_v by_o culture_n and_o seasonable_a rest_n in_o due_a strength_n to_o bear_v a_o full_a crop_n and_o therefore_o whereas_o the_o red-strake_a might_n otherwise_o without_o much_o injury_n be_v plant_v at_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n and_o the_o best_a distance_n for_o other_o cider-fruit_n have_v heretofore_o be_v repute_v thirty_o or_o two_o and_o thirty_o foot_n very_o good_a husband_n do_v now_o allow_v in_o their_o large_a enclosure_n as_o of_o 20_o 40_o or_o 100_o acre_n fifty_o or_o sixty_o foot_n distance_n that_o the_o tree_n may_v not_o much_o hinder_v the_o blow_n and_o yet_o receive_v the_o benefit_n of_o compost_n and_o a_o horse-teem_a well_o govern_v will_v without_o any_o damage_n of_o danger_n plough_v close_o to_o the_o tree_n 36._o in_o such_o soil_n as_o be_v here_o require_v namely_o of_o good_a tillage_n a_o orchard_n of_o graffed_a redstrakes_a will_v be_v of_o good_a growth_n and_o good_a burden_n within_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n and_o branch_n out_o with_o good_a store_n to_o begin_v a_o encouragement_n at_o three_o year_n graft_n and_o except_o the_o land_n be_v very_o unkind_a will_v not_o yield_v to_o any_o decay_n within_o sixty_o or_o eighty_o year_n which_o be_v a_o man_n age_n 37._o in_o some_o sheet_n i_o render_v many_o reason_n against_o mr._n austin_n of_o oxford_n why_o we_o shall_v prefer_v a_o peculiar_a cider-fruit_n which_o in_o herefordshire_n be_v general_o call_v must_n so_o we_o name_v both_o the_o apple_n and_o the_o liquor_n and_o pulp_n as_o mingle_v together_o in_o the_o contusion_n as_o from_o the_o latin_a mustum_fw-la white-musts_a of_o divers_a kind_n red-cheeked_a and_o red-straked_a must_n and_o several_a kind_n green-musts_a call_v also_o green-fillet_n and_o blew-spotted_n why_o i_o say_v we_o shall_v prefer_v they_o for_o cider_n before_o table-fruit_n as_o pippin_n pearmains_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o do_v still_o insist_v on_o they_o 1._o the_o liquor_n of_o these_o cider-fruit_n and_o of_o many_o kind_n of_o austere_a fruit_n which_o be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o sort_n of_o full_a succulent_a crab_n be_v more_o sprightful_a brisk_a and_o winy_a for_o essay_n i_o send_v up_o many_o bottle_n to_o london_n that_o do_v i_o no_o discredit_n second_o one_o bushel_n of_o the_o cider-fruit_n yield_v twice_o or_o thrice_o as_o much_o liquor_n three_o the_o tree_n grow_v more_o in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n than_o the_o other_o in_o ten_o year_n as_o i_o oft_o time_n remark_v four_o the_o tree_n bear_v far_o great_a store_n and_o do_v more_o general_o escape_v
blast_n and_o frost_n of_o the_o spring_n i_o may_v add_v that_o some_o of_o these_o and_o especial_o such_o pear_n as_o yield_v the_o best_a perry_n will_v best_o escape_v the_o hand_n of_o the_o thief_n and_o may_v be_v trust_v in_o the_o open_a field_n 38._o by_o the_o first_o second_o and_o four_o of_o these_o reason_n i_o must_v exclude_v the_o gennet-moyle_n from_o a_o right_a cider_n fruit_n it_o be_v dry_a and_o very_a apt_a to_o take_v frosty_a blast_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o table-fruit_n but_o proper_o a_o bake_n fruit_n as_o the_o ruddy_a colour_n from_o the_o oven_n show_v 39_o i_o say_v that_o the_o right_a cider-fruit_n general_o call_v must_n and_o deserve_v the_o latin_a name_n mustum_fw-la be_v of_o divers_a kind_n and_o i_o have_v need_n to_o note_v more_o express_o that_o there_o be_v a_o red-straked_a must_v as_o i_o have_v often_o see_v but_o not_o general_o know_v that_o be_v quite_o differ_v from_o the_o famous_a red-strake_a be_v much_o less_o somewhat_o oblong_o and_o like_o some_o of_o the_o white_a must_n in_o shape_n and_o full_a of_o a_o very_a good_a winy_n liquor_n i_o can_v willing_o name_v the_o person_n and_o place_n where_o the_o distinct_a kind_n be_v best_a know_v it_o be_v first_o show_v i_o by_o john_n nash_n of_o ashperton_n in_o herefordshire_n and_o for_o some_o year_n they_o do_v in_o some_o place_n distinguish_v a_o red-strake_a as_o yield_v a_o rich_a red-straked_a cider_n of_o a_o more_o fulvous_a or_o ruddy_a colour_n but_o this_o difference_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v be_v but_o a_o choice_n of_o a_o better_o insolate_v or_o ruddy_a fruit_n of_o the_o best_a kind_n as_o take_v from_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o from_o a_o soil_n that_o render_v they_o rich_a but_o my_o lord_n scudamore_n be_v safe_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n and_o m._n whingate_n of_o the_o grange_n in_o dimoc_n and_o some_o of_o king's-capel_a do_v best_a know_v these_o and_o other_o difference_n straked-must_a right_a red-strake_a red-redstrake_a etc._n etc._n 40._o the_o greenish_a must_v former_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n the_o green-fillet_n when_o the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o kindly_a ripeness_n retain_v a_o greeness_n equal_a to_o the_o rhenish-glass_n which_o i_o note_v for_o they_o that_o conceive_v no_o cider_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o use_v till_o it_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o old_a sack_n 41._o to_o direct_v a_o little_a more_o caution_n for_o enquiry_n of_o the_o right_n red-strake_a i_o shall_v give_v notice_n that_o some_o month_n ago_o m._n philip_n of_o montague_n in_o somersetshire_n show_v i_o a_o very_a fair_a large_a red-strake_a apple_n that_o by_o smell_n and_o sight_n seem_v to_o i_o and_o to_o another_o of_o herefordshire_n then_o with_o i_o to_o be_v the_o best_a red_a strike_v but_o when_o we_o do_v cut_v it_o and_o taste_v it_o we_o both_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v right_a the_o other_o with_o much_o more_o confidence_n than_o myself_o but_o m._n philip_n make_v cider_n of_o it_o this_o week_n invite_v i_o to_o it_o assure_v that_o already_o it_o equal_v or_o resemble_v high-country-wine_n it_o have_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o juice_n as_o our_o red_a strike_n with_o we_o and_o it_o have_v more_o of_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o table-fruit_n which_o may_v be_v occasion_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v by_o the_o pure_a and_o quick_a soil_n this_o apple_n be_v here_o call_v meriot-ysnot_a and_o great_a store_n of_o they_o be_v at_o meriot_n a_o village_n not_o far_o distant_a possible_o this_o meriot_n may_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o red-strake_a of_o somersetshire_n when_o they_o shall_v please_v to_o try_v it_o apart_o with_o equal_a diligence_n and_o constancy_n as_o they_o do_v in_o hereford-shire_n this_o fruit_n be_v of_o a_o very_a lovely_a hue_n and_o by_o some_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o affinity_n to_o the_o red-jersey-apple_n which_o be_v report_v to_o thing_fw-mi so_o deep_o in_o truth_n there_o can_v hardly_o be_v a_o deep_a purple_n than_o be_v our_o right_a herefordshire_n red-strake_a have_v a_o few_o streak_n towards_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n or_o orange-tawny_a intermingle_v but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o a_o apple_n shall_v change_v its_o name_n in_o travel_v so_o far_o beyond_o the_o severn_n when_o even_o in_o this_o country_n most_o sort_n of_o apple_n and_o especial_o cider-fruit_n lose_v the_o name_n in_o the_o next_o village_n 42._o i_o may_v now_o ask_v why_o we_o shall_v talk_v of_o other_o cider-fruit_n or_o perry_n if_o the_o best_a red-strake_a have_v all_o the_o aforesaid_a pre-eminencies_a of_o rich_a and_o more_o winy_a liquor_n by_o half_a soon_o a_o orchard_n more_o constant_o bear_v etc._n etc._n a_o orchard_n of_o redstrakes_a be_v common_o as_o full_a of_o fruit_n at_o ten_o year_n as_o other_o cider-fruit_n at_o twenty_o year_n or_o as_o the_o pepin_n and_o pearmain_n at_o thirty_o or_o thereabouts_o 43._o to_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o all_o soil_n bear_v not_o apple_n and_o to_o some_o soil_v other_o apple_n may_v be_v more_o kind_a and_o if_o we_o be_v drive_v to_o perry_n much_o we_o may_v say_v both_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o perry_n and_o of_o the_o pear_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o of_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v the_o goodly_a tree_n for_o a_o grove_n to_o shelter_v a_o house_n and_o walk_n from_o summers_n heat_n and_o winter_n cold_a wind_n and_o far_o more_o last_a the_o pleasant_a cider-pear_n of_o a_o know_a name_n among_o they_o be_v the_o horse-pear_n and_o it_o be_v much_o argue_v whether_o the_o white-horse-pear_n or_o the_o red-horse-pear_n be_v the_o better_a where_o both_o be_v best_a within_o two_o mile_n they_o differ_v in_o judgement_n the_o pear_n bear_v almost_o its_o weight_n of_o sprightful_a winy_n liquor_n and_o i_o always_o prefer_v the_o tawny_a or_o ruddy_a horse-pear_n and_o general_o that_o colour_n in_o all_o pear_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o perry_n 44._o i_o reject_v palladius_n against_o the_o durableness_n of_o perry_n his_o word_n be_v hyeme_n durat_fw-la sed_fw-la prima_fw-la acescit_fw-la aestate_fw-la tit._n 25._o febr._n possible_o so_o of_o common_a pear_n and_o in_o hot_a country_n but_o from_o good_a cellar_n i_o have_v taste_v a_o very_a brisk_a lively_a and_o winy_a liquor_n of_o these_o horse-pear_n during_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n and_o a_o bosbury-pear_n i_o have_v name_v and_o often_o try_v which_o without_o bottle_v in_o common_a hogshead_n of_o vulgar_a and_o indifferent_a cellar_n prove_v as_o well_o pleasant_a as_o rich_a the_o second_o year_n and_o yet_o also_o better_a the_o three_o year_n a_o very_a honest_a worthy_a and_o witty_a gentleman_n of_o that_o neighbourhood_n will_v engage_v to_o i_o that_o in_o good_a cellar_n and_o in_o careful_a custody_n it_o pass_v any_o account_n of_o decay_n and_o may_v be_v heighten_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o aquavitae_n i_o take_v the_o information_n worthy_a the_o stile_n of_o our_o modern_a improvement_n the_o pear-tree_n grow_v in_o common_a field_n and_o wild_a stony_a ground_n to_o the_o largeness_n of_o bear_v one_o two_o three_o or_o four_o hogshead_n each_o year_n 45._o this_o bosbury-tree_n and_o such_o general_o that_o bear_v the_o most_o last_a liquor_n and_o winy_n be_v of_o such_o unsufferable_a taste_n that_o hungry_a swine_n will_v not_o smell_v to_o it_o or_o if_o hunger_n tempt_v they_o to_o taste_v at_o first_o crush_v they_o shake_v it_o out_o of_o their_o mouth_n i_o say_v not_o this_o of_o the_o horse-pear_n and_o the_o clown_n call_v other_o pear_n of_o best_a liquor_n choak-pear_n and_o will_v offer_v money_n to_o such_o as_o dare_v adventure_v to_o taste_v they_o for_o their_o sport_n and_o their_o mouth_n will_v be_v more_o stupefy_v than_o at_o the_o root_n of_o wake-robin_n 46._o a_o row_n of_o crabtree_n will_v give_v a_o improvement_n to_o any_o kind_n of_o perry_n and_o since_o pear_n and_o crab_n may_v be_v of_o as_o many_o kind_n as_o there_o be_v kernel_n or_o different_a kind_n or_o mixture_n of_o soil_n in_o a_o general_a character_n i_o will_v prefer_v the_o large_a and_o full_a of_o all_o austere_a juice_n 47._o m._n lill_z of_o mark-hill_n age_v about_o 90_o year_n ever_o observe_v this_o rule_n to_o graft_v no_o wild_a pear-tree_n till_o he_o see_v the_o fruit_n if_o it_o prove_v large_a juicy_a and_o brisk_a it_o fail_v not_o of_o good_a liquor_n but_o i_o see_v cause_n to_o say_v that_o to_o graft_v a_o young_a tree_n with_o a_o ripe_a graft_n and_o know_v excellency_n be_v a_o sure_a gain_n and_o hasten_v the_o return_n 48._o m._n speke_n last_a high_a sheriff_n of_o somersetshire_n show_v i_o in_o his_o park_n some_o store_n of_o crabtree_n of_o such_o huge_a bulk_n that_o in_o this_o fertile_a year_n he_o offer_v a_o wager_n that_o they_o will_v yield_v one_o or_o two_o
hogshead_n of_o liquor_n each_o of_o they_o yet_o be_v they_o small_a dry_a crab_n 49._o i_o have_v see_v several_a sort_n of_o crab_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a apple_n or_o at_o worst_a but_o the_o wild-apple_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o many_o sort_n of_o apple_n and_o the_o liquor_n winy_n 50._o i_o have_v disclaim_v the_o gust_n of_o juniper-berry_n in_o cider_n i_o try_v it_o only_o once_o for_o myself_o and_o drink_v it_o before_o christmas_n possible_o in_o more_o time_n the_o relish_n have_v be_v subdue_v or_o improve_v as_o of_o hop_n in_o stale_a beer_n and_o of_o rennet_n in_o good_a parmesan_n neither_o be_v the_o gust_n to_o i_o otherwise_o unpleasant_a than_o as_o anniseseed_n in_o bread_n rather_o strange_a than_o odious_a and_o by_o custom_n make_v grateful_a and_o it_o do_v hasten_v the_o clarification_n and_o increase_v the_o briskness_n to_o a_o endless_a sparkle_a thus_o it_o indulge_v the_o lung_n and_o nothing_o more_o cheap_a where_o juniper_n grow_v a_o girl_n may_v speedy_o fill_v her_o lap_n with_o the_o berry_n if_o barbados_n ginger_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o a_o more_o pleasant_a preserver_n of_o beer_n it_o must_v probable_o be_v most_o kind_a for_o cider_n for_o first_o of_o all_o the_o improver_n that_o i_o can_v name_v bruise_a mustard_n be_v the_o best_a and_o this_o ginger_n have_v the_o same_o quick_a mordicant_a vigour_n in_o a_o more_o noble_a and_o more_o aromatic_a fragrancy_n second_o cider_n as_o i_o oft_o complain_v be_v of_o a_o sluggish_a and_o somewhat_o windy_a nature_n and_o for_o some_o month_n the_o best_a of_o it_o be_v chain_v up_o with_o a_o cold_a ligature_n as_o we_o fancy_v the_o fire_n to_o be_v lock_v up_o in_o a_o cold_a flint_n this_o will_v relieve_v the_o prisoner_n and_o three_o will_v assist_v the_o winy_n vigour_n for_o they_o that_o will_v use_v it_o instead_o of_o a_o sparkle_a wine_n four_o it_o be_v a_o good_a sign_n of_o much_o kindness_n and_o great_a friendship_n it_o will_v both_o enliven_v the_o ferment_n for_o speedy_a maturity_n and_o also_o hold_v it_o out_o for_o more_o duration_n both_o which_o office_n it_o perform_v in_o beer_n 51._o cider_n be_v windy_a before_o maturity_n some_o that_o must_v not_o wait_v the_o leisure_n of_o best_a season_n do_v put_v sprig_n of_o rosemary_n and_o bay_n in_o the_o vessel_n the_o first_o good_a for_o the_o head_n and_o not_o unpleasant_a the_o second_o a_o antidote_n against_o infection_n but_o less_o pleasant_a till_o time_n have_v incorporate_v the_o taste_n 52._o and_o why_o may_v we_o not_o make_v mention_n of_o all_o these_o mixture_n as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_n of_o their_o vinum_fw-la marrubii_fw-la vinum_fw-la abrotonites_n absynthites_n hyssopites_n marathites_n thymites_n cydonite_n myrtite_n scillite_n violaceum_fw-la sorbi_fw-la etc._n etc._n 53._o and_o for_o mixture_n i_o think_v we_o may_v challenge_v the_o ancient_n in_o name_v the_o red-raspy_a of_o which_o there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n a_o lady_n that_o make_v a_o bonella_n the_o best_a of_o summer_n drink_v and_o more_o yet_o if_o we_o name_v the_o clove-july-flower_n or_o other_o july-flower_n a_o most_o grateful_a cordial_n as_o it_o be_v infuse_v by_o a_o lady_n in_o staffordshire_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o devereux_n and_o by_o some_o lady_n of_o this_o country_n 54._o i_o can_v also_o give_v some_o account_n of_o cherry-wine_n and_o wine_n of_o plum_n the_o last_o of_o which_o in_o the_o best_a essay_n that_o i_o have_v yet_o see_v be_v hardly_o worthy_a to_o be_v name_v but_o i_o conceive_v and_o have_v ground_n for_o it_o that_o some_o good_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o some_o sort_n of_o they_o and_o in_o quantity_n and_o the_o vast_a store_n of_o cherrys_n in_o some_o place_n under_o a_o penny_n the_o pound_n and_o of_o plum_n that_o bend_v the_o tree_n with_o their_o burden_n and_o their_o expedite_a growth_n make_v it_o cheap_a enough_o and_o as_o in_o the_o other_o so_o in_o these_o the_o large_a english_a or_o dutch_a sharp_a cherry_n make_v the_o cherry-wine_n and_o the_o full_a black_a tawny_a plum_n as_o big_a as_o a_o walnut_n not_o the_o kind_n of_o heart-cherrys_a nor_o the_o plum_n which_o divide_v from_o the_o stone_n make_v the_o wine_n their_o cheapness_n shall_v recommend_v they_o to_o more_o general_a use_n at_o table_n when_o dry_v like_o prunella_n a_o easy_a art_n and_o then_o wholesome_o 55._o to_o return_v for_o red-strake_a it_o be_v a_o good_a drink_n as_o soon_o as_o well_o ferment_v or_o within_o a_o month_n better_a after_o some_o frost_n and_o when_o clarify_v rich_a wine_n when_o it_o take_v the_o colour_n of_o old_a sack_n in_o a_o good_a cellar_n it_o improve_v in_o hogshead_n the_o second_o year_n in_o bottle_n and_o sandy_a cellar_n keep_v the_o record_n of_o late_a revolution_n and_o old_a majoralty_n quaere_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o lay_v they_o up_o in_o sand-house_n 56._o i_o try_v some_o bottle_n all_o a_o summer_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o fountain_n and_o i_o prefer_v that_o way_n where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v and_o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a if_o the_o land_n be_v neither_o dry_a for_o a_o sand-house_n nor_o fountainous_a for_o this_o better_a expedient_a when_o cider_n be_v settle_v and_o altogether_o or_o almost_o clarify_v then_o to_o make_v it_o sprightful_a and_o winy_a it_o shall_v be_v draw_v into_o well_o corked_a and_o well_o bind_v bottle_n and_o keep_v some_o time_n in_o sand_n or_o water_n the_o long_a the_o better_o if_o the_o kind_n be_v good_a and_o cider_n be_v preserve_v to_o due_a age_n bottled_a and_o keep_v in_o cool_a place_n conservatory_n and_o refrigerate_v spring_n it_o do_v almost_o by_o time_n turn_v to_o aquavitae_n the_o bottle_n smoke_n at_o the_o open_n and_o it_o catch_v flame_n speedy_o and_o will_v burn_v like_o spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o a_o fiery_a taste_n and_o it_o be_v a_o laudable_a way_n of_o try_v the_o vigour_n of_o cider_n by_o its_o promptness_n to_o burn_v and_o take_v fire_n and_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o aquavitae_n which_o it_o yield_v cider_n afford_v by_o way_n of_o distillation_n a_o incomparable_a and_o useful_a spirit_n and_o that_o in_o such_o plenty_n as_o from_o four_o quart_n a_o full_a pint_n have_v be_v extract_v 57_o i_o must_v not_o prescribe_v to_o other_o palate_n by_o assert_v to_o what_o degree_n of_o perfection_n good_a cider_n may_v be_v raise_v or_o to_o compare_v it_o with_o wine_n but_o when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o bless_a memory_n come_v to_o hereford_n in_o his_o distress_n and_o such_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o worcestershire_n as_o be_v bring_v thither_o as_o prisoner_n both_o king_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n do_v prefer_v it_o before_o the_o best_a wine_n those_o part_n afford_v and_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o cider_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o mixture_n general_o all_o the_o gentry_n of_o herefordshire_n do_v abhor_v all_o mixture_n yet_o if_o any_o man_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o try_v conclusion_n and_o by_o a_o harmless_a art_n to_o convert_v cider_n into_o canary-wine_n let_v the_o cider_n be_v of_o the_o former_a year_n masculine_a and_o in_o full_a body_n yet_o pleasant_a and_o well_o taste_v into_o such_o cider_n put_v a_o spoonful_n or_o so_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o clary_n it_o will_v have_v so_o much_o of_o the_o race_n of_o canary_n as_o may_v deceive_v some_o who_o pretend_v they_o have_v discern_a palate_n sir_n paul_n neil_n be_v discourse_n of_o cider_n my_o lord_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o command_v of_o this_o honourable_a society_n i_o have_v at_o length_n endeavour_v to_o give_v this_o brief_a account_n of_o that_o little_a which_o i_o know_v concern_v the_o order_v of_o cider_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propound_v to_o myself_o six_o thing_n first_o to_o show_v that_o cider_n make_v of_o the_o best_a eating-apple_n must_v needs_o be_v once_o the_o best_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o pleasant_a cider_n second_o that_o hitherto_o the_o general_a opinion_n have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o mistake_n be_v the_o not_o apprehend_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o pepin-cider_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o retain_v its_o sweetness_n when_o the_o hard-apple-cider_n do_v three_o what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n that_o pepin-cider_n use_v in_o the_o ordinary_a method_n will_v not_o retain_v its_o sweetness_n four_o how_o to_o cure_v that_o evil_n in_o pepin_n cider_n five_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n how_o in_o some_o degree_n by_o the_o same_o method_n to_o amend_v the_o hard-apple-cider_n and_o french-wine_n six_o that_o what_o be_v here_o propound_v can_v choose_v but_o be_v wholesome_a and_o may_v be_v do_v to_o what_o degree_n every_o man_n palate_n shall_v wish_v have_v now_o tell_v your_o lordship_n what_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o do_v before_o i_o enter_v
world_n in_o jersey_n it_o be_v a_o general_a observation_n as_o i_o hear_v that_o the_o more_o of_o red_a any_o apple_n have_v in_o its_o rind_n the_o more_o proper_a it_o be_v for_o this_o use_n paleface't-apple_n they_o exclude_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v from_o their_o cider-vat_a it_o be_v with_o we_o a_o observation_n that_o no_o sweet-apple_n that_o have_v a_o tough_a rind_n be_v bad_a for_o cider_n 12._o if_o you_o boil_v your_o cider_n special_a care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o you_o put_v it_o into_o the_o furnace_n immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v let_v stand_v iâ—_n fat_n or_o vessel_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o pressure_n the_o best_a and_o most_o spirituous_a part_n will_v ascend_v and_o vapour_n away_o when_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v under_o it_o and_o the_o long_o the_o boil_a continue_v the_o less_o of_o goodness_n or_o virtue_n will_v be_v leave_v remain_v in_o the_o cider_n my_o distillation_n sufficient_o instruct_v i_o that_o the_o same_o liquor_n which_o after_o fermentation_n have_v pass_v upon_o it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n draw_v off_o unferment_v yield_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o spirit_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_v it_o be_v undoubted_o certain_a that_o cider_n boil_v immediate_o from_o the_o wring_n have_v its_o spirit_n compress_v and_o draw_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n wash_v and_o evaporate_v by_o late_a unseasonable_a boil_a concern_v cider_n by_o doctor_n smith_z the_o best_a time_n to_o grind_v the_o apple_n be_v immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v thorough_o ripe_a for_o so_o they_o will_v yield_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n the_o cider_n will_v drink_v the_o better_a and_o last_v long_o than_o if_o the_o apple_n be_v hoard_v for_o cider_n make_v of_o hoard_a apple_n will_v always_o retain_v a_o unpleasing_a taste_n of_o the_o apple_n especial_o if_o they_o contract_v any_o rottenness_n the_o cider_n that_o be_v ground_n in_o a_o stone-case_n be_v general_o accuse_v to_o taste_v unpleasant_o of_o the_o rind_n stem_n and_o kernel_n of_o the_o apple_n which_o it_o will_v not_o if_o ground_n in_o a_o case_n of_o wood_n which_o do_v not_o bruise_v they_o so_o much_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o cider_n be_v make_v put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n leave_v it_o about_o the_o space_n of_o one_o gallon_n empty_a and_o present_o stop_v it_o up_o very_o close_a this_o way_n be_v observe_v to_o keep_v it_o long_o and_o to_o preserve_v its_o spirit_n better_a than_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o fill_v the_o vessel_n quite_o full_a and_o keep_v it_o open_v till_o it_o have_v do_v ferment_v cider_n put_v into_o a_o new_a vessel_n will_v often_o taste_v of_o the_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v pierce_v early_o but_o the_o same_o stop_v up_o again_o and_o reserve_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n will_v free_v itself_o of_o that_o taste_n if_o the_o cider_n be_v sharp_a and_o thick_a it_o will_v recover_v itself_o again_o but_o if_o sharp_a and_o clear_a it_o will_v not_o about_o march_n or_o when_o the_o cider_n begin_v to_o sparkle_v in_o the_o glass_n before_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o bottle_n it_o cider_n will_v be_v much_o long_o in_o clear_v in_o a_o mild_a and_o moist_a then_o in_o a_o cold_a and_o dry_a winter_n to_o every_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n design_v for_o two_o year_n keep_v it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v about_o march_n the_o first_o year_n a_o quart_n of_o wheat_n unground_a the_o best_a fruit_n with_o we_o in_o gloucestershire_n for_o the_o first_o year_n cider_n be_v the_o red-strake_a the_o white_a and_o red_a must-apple_n the_o sweet_a and_o sour_a pepin_n and_o the_o harvey-apple_n pearmains_n alone_o make_v but_o a_o small_a liquor_n and_o hardly_o clear_v of_o itself_o but_o mix_v either_o with_o sweet_a or_o sour_a pippin_n it_o become_v very_o brisk_a and_o clear_a must-apple-cider_n though_o the_o first_o make_v be_v always_o the_o last_o ripe_a by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o apple_n pass_v the_o strainer_n in_o press_v and_o make_v it_o exceed_o thick_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n and_o fox-whelp_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o drink_v till_o the_o second_o year_n but_o then_o very_a good_a the_o cider_n of_o the_o bromsbury-crab_n yield_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o spirit_n in_o the_o distillation_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o crab_n and_o pear_n mix_v make_v a_o very_a please_a liquor_n and_o much_o soon_o ripe_a than_o pear_n alone_o of_o cider_n by_o capt._n sylas_n taylor_n herefordshire_n afford_v several_a sort_n of_o cider-apple_n as_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o red_a strike_n the_o gennet-moyle_n the_o summer-violet_n or_o fillet_n and_o the_o winter-fillet_n with_o many_o other_o sort_n which_o be_v use_v only_o to_o make_v cider_n of_o which_o some_o use_v each_o sort_n simple_o and_o other_o mix_v many_o sort_n together_o this_o county_n be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o other_o sort_n of_o apple_n as_o pippin_n pearmains_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o there_o be_v much_o cider_n make_v but_o not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o cider_n draw_v from_o the_o cider-apple_n among_o which_o the_o redstrakes_a bear_v the_o bell_n a_o fruit_n in_o itself_o scarce_o edible_a yet_o the_o juice_n be_v press_v out_o be_v immediate_o pleasant_a in_o taste_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o restringency_n which_o it_o have_v when_o incorporate_v with_o the_o meat_n or_o flesh_n of_o the_o apple_n it_o be_v many_o time_n three_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o its_o clearness_n and_o six_o month_n before_o it_o come_v to_o a_o ripeness_n fit_a for_o drink_v yet_o i_o have_v taste_v of_o it_o three_o year_n old_a very_o pleasant_a though_o dangerous_o strong_a the_o colour_n of_o it_o when_o fine_a be_v of_o a_o sparkle_a yellow_a like_a canary_n of_o a_o good_a full_a body_n and_o oily_a the_o taste_n like_o the_o flavour_n or_o perfume_n of_o excellent_a peach_n very_o grateful_a to_o the_o palate_n and_o stomach_n gennet-moyle_n make_v a_o cider_n of_o a_o small_a body_n than_o the_o former_a yet_o very_o pleasant_a and_o will_v last_v a_o year_n it_o be_v a_o good_a eat_v pleasant_a sharp_a fruit_n when_o ripe_a and_o the_o best_a tart-apple_n as_o the_o red-strake_a also_o before_o its_o ripeness_n the_o tree_n grow_v with_o certain_a knotty_a extuberancy_n upon_o the_o branch_n and_o bough_n below_o which_o knot_n we_o cut_v off_o bough_n the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o place_v the_o knot_n in_o the_o ground_n which_o make_v the_o root_n and_o this_o be_v do_v to_o raise_v this_o fruit_n but_o very_o rare_o by_o graft_n of_o fillet_n of_o both_o sort_n viz._n summer_n and_o winter_n i_o have_v make_v cider_n of_o that_o proportionate_a taste_n and_o strength_n that_o i_o have_v deceive_v several_a experience_a palate_n with_o who_o simple_o it_o have_v pass_v for_o white-wine_n and_o dash_v it_o with_o red-wine_n it_o have_v pass_v for_o claret_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o syrup_n of_o rasp'ye_n it_o make_v a_o excellent_a woman_n wine_n the_o fruit_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o gennet-moyle_n to_o eat_v the_o winter-fillet_n make_v a_o last_a cider_n and_o the_o summer-fillet_n a_o early_a cider_n but_o both_o very_a strong_a and_o the_o apple_n mix_v together_o make_v a_o good_a cider_n these_o apple_n yield_v a_o liquor_n more_o grateful_a to_o my_o palate_n and_o so_o esteem_v of_o in_o herefordshire_n by_o the_o great_a ciderist_n than_o any_o make_v of_o pippin_n and_o pearmains_n of_o which_o sort_n we_o have_v very_o good_a in_o that_o country_n and_o those_o also_o both_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o both_o sort_n and_o of_o which_o i_o have_v drink_v the_o cider_n but_o prefer_v the_o other_o ground_n separate_v only_o with_o a_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o soil_n have_v give_v a_o great_a alteration_n to_o the_o cider_n notwithstanding_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v graff_v with_o equal_a care_n the_o same_o graff_n and_o last_o the_o same_o care_n take_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o cider_n this_o as_o to_o the_o red-strake_a i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o same_o niceness_n in_o any_o other_o fruit_n for_o gennet-moyle_n and_o fillet_n thrive_v very_o well_o over_o all_o herefordshire_n the_o red-strake_a delight_n most_o in_o a_o fat_a soil_n hamlacy_n be_v a_o rich_a intermix_v soil_n of_o red-fat-clay_n and_o sand_n and_o kings-capel_a a_o low_a hot_a sandy_a ground_n both_o well_o defend_v from_o noxious_a wind_n and_o both_o very_a famous_a for_o the_o red-strake-cider_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n in_o hereford_n and_o worcestershire_n which_o be_v call_v bareland-pear_n which_o make_v a_o very_a good_a cider_n i_o call_v it_o