smallnesse_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o the_o newington_n peach_n be_v a_o very_a large_a and_o gallant_a fruit_n these_o require_v choice_a plum-stock_n to_o be_v inoculate_v upon_o as_o the_o white_a pear_n plum_n stock_n or_o else_o stock_n come_v of_o peach_n stone_n i_o know_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o fig_n figs._n 7_o of_o figs._n that_o come_v to_o ripeness_n with_o we_o in_o england_n the_o great_a blew-fig_n as_o large_a as_o a_o catherine_n pear_n the_o tree_n grow_v in_o divers_a garden_n in_o oxford_n and_o bear_v their_o fruit_n to_o perfect_a ripeness_n it_o order_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o tree_n must_v be_v set_v against_o a_o south_n wall_n and_o be_v spread_v up_o with_o nail_n and_o leather_n these_o tree_n be_v increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o old_a tree_n draw_v up_o the_o small_a sucker_n and_o plant_v they_o or_o the_o cut_n of_o it_o will_v grow_v as_o of_o a_o vine_n tree_n these_o need_v neither_o inoculate_v nor_o graft_a some_o author_n affirm_v 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long_o or_o more_o lay_v these_o in_o the_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a only_o the_o one_o end_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o hand_n breadth_n or_o two_o or_o thereabouts_o and_o keep_v the_o earth_n moist_a with_o some_o good_a fat_a water_n from_o a_o stand_a pool_n or_o dunghill_n and_o clean_o from_o weed_n and_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n usual_o these_o piece_n spring_v up_o with_o several_a shoot_n all_o which_o may_v be_v cut_v off_o with_o some_o small_a root_n and_o plant_v at_o a_o fit_a distance_n and_o the_o old_a root_n will_v yearly_o send_v out_o more_o which_o may_v either_o be_v cut_v off_o as_o before_o or_o else_o bow_v down_o and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n on_o one_o or_o several_a side_n which_o will_v take_v root_n and_o multiply_v abundant_o and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v transplant_v these_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v of_o least_o esteem_n with_o we_o meddler_n 11._o of_o meddler_n yet_o some_o like_o they_o well_o be_v ripe_a and_o 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fruit-tree_n which_o bear_v but_o little_a or_o no_o fruit_n bearer_n graft_n old_a tree_n if_o bad_a bearer_n by_o reason_n that_o graft_n and_o bud_n be_v not_o choose_v from_o good_a bear_v kind_n wherewith_o they_o be_v engraft_v i_o advise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v such_o again_o though_o great_a and_o old_a tree_n such_o who_o bough_n be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n hand-wrist_n or_o small_a may_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o graft_v in_o the_o cleft_n with_o a_o couple_n of_o good_a graft_n of_o good_a bear_v kind_n but_o such_o branch_n as_o be_v very_o great_a i_o shall_v rather_o cut_v off_o a_o convenient_a height_n from_o the_o ground_n a_o slope-wise_a that_o no_o wet_a may_v rest_v upon_o the_o top_n and_o then_o after_o a_o year_n or_o two_o to_o graft_v the_o small_a shoot_v or_o branch_n that_o be_v put_v forth_o or_o some_o of_o they_o this_o be_v a_o better_a course_n then_o to_o graft_v such_o great_a branch_n for_o that_o moisture_n will_v get_v 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the_o top_n or_o end_n of_o the_o plant_n the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n will_v be_v close_v or_o shut_v up_o and_o no_o more_o small_a leave_n will_v appear_v as_o in_o those_o that_o have_v not_o do_v grow_v best_o early_o remove_v best_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o remove_v plant_n be_v time_n for_o such_o grow_v a_o while_n after_o in_o their_o root_n before_o winter_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o winter_n but_o also_o make_v some_o preparation_n against_o the_o spring_n which_o those_o remove_v in_o winter_n can_v do_v stay_v not_o therefore_o till_o the_o leave_n fall_v ere_o you_o remove_v although_o they_o may_v be_v remove_v then_o with_o good_a success_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a at_o that_o time_n as_o before_o the_o time_n of_o remove_v be_v come_v and_o the_o place_n prepare_v for_o set_v they_o again_o then_o be_v careful_a in_o take_v up_o the_o plant_n dig_v round_o about_o they_o and_o take_v off_o the_o mould_n from_o 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be_v very_o small_a of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o year_n growth_n you_o need_v not_o cut_v the_o branch_n except_o such_o as_o cross_v one_o another_o or_o grow_v too_o nigh_o together_o but_o cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n of_o all_o because_o if_o cut_v many_o small_a string_n or_o fibra_n shoot_v out_o at_o the_o cut_a place_n which_o draw_v nourishment_n for_o the_o plant_n which_o without_o cut_v will_v not_o plant_n be_v thus_o prepare_v deep_a set_a not_o plant_n too_o deep_a the_o next_o thing_n be_v to_o set_v they_o again_o in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v dry_a they_o must_v be_v set_v so_o much_o the_o deep_a yet_o take_v heed_n of_o set_v below_o the_o good_a soil_n in_o low_a and_o moist_a ground_n set_v not_o so_o deep_a as_o in_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a the_o hole_n for_o the_o plant_n be_v dig_v set_v in_o the_o root_n prepare_v as_o before_o and_o cast_v in_o the_o small_a and_o best_a mould_n next_o to_o the_o root_n and_o see_v that_o the_o small_a mould_n run_v between_o all_o the_o root_n to_o that_o end_n stir_v and_o shake_v the_o plant_n that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v any_o hollow_a place_n where_o the_o mould_n fall_v not_o and_o be_v fill_v up_o water_n the_o plant_n that_o the_o mould_n thereby_o may_v settle_v close_o about_o all_o the_o root_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v if_o the_o plant_n be_v fair_a large_a plant_n in_o danger_n to_o be_v shake_v by_o the_o wind_n then_o knock_v down_o a_o stake_n close_o to_o every_o one_o and_o tie_v the_o plant_n to_o it_o with_o a_o hay-band_n or_o some_o other_o soft_a band._n set_v distance_n of_o set_v as_o concern_v distance_n in_o set_v young_a tree_n i_o conceive_v ten_o yard_n be_v little_a enough_o between_o appletree_n and_o peartree_n in_o ordinary_a soil_n and_o if_o man_n have_v ground_n enough_o to_o plant_v and_o good_a soil_n i_o shall_v rather_o prescribe_v to_o plant_v they_o 16_o or_o 20_o yard_n asunder_o for_o both_o tree_n and_o fruit_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n if_o plant_v a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o as_o for_o wall-tree_n they_o may_v be_v plant_v 5_o or_o 6_o yard_n asunder_o advantage_n the_o 1_o advantage_n such_o be_v free_v from_o fretting_n &_o galling_n that_o happen_v to_o tree_n that_o brush_v and_o crowd_n one_o upon_o another_o whereby_o not_o only_o the_o bud_n blossom_n and_o fruit_n be_v rub_v and_o break_v off_o but_o also_o sometime_o the_o canker_n thereby_o breed_v and_o destroy_v bough_n and_o branch_n advantage_n the_o 2_o advantage_n second_o when_o tree_n be_v plant_v a_o fair_a distance_n asunder_o the_o sun_n refresh_v every_o tree_n the_o root_n body_n and_o branch_n with_o the_o blossom_n and_o fruit_n where_o by_o tree_n bring_v forth_o more_o fruit_n and_o those_o fair_a and_o better_o advantage_n the_o 3_o advantage_n three_o if_o appletree_n and_o peartree_n be_v plant_v 16._o or_o 20._o yard_n asunder_o much_o profit_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o ground_n under_z &_o about_o the_o tree_n you_o may_v plant_v gooseberry_n raspberry_n currant_n strawberry_n rose_n flower_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o garden_n stuff_n commodious_a as_o well_o for_o sale_n as_o house_n keep_v which_o can_v be_v if_o tree_n be_v plant_v near_o together_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o most_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v cold_a and_o shady_a by_o the_o tree_n beside_o the_o tree_n will_v have_v advantage_n by_o frequent_a dig_v &_o stir_v the_o earth_n about_o their_o root_n from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o set_v these_o thing_n advantage_n the_o 4_o advantage_n four_o when_o tree_n have_v room_n to_o spread_v as_o before_o they_o will_v grow_v very_o large_a and_o great_a and_o the_o consequence_n of_o that_o will_v be_v not_o only_o multitude_n of_o fruit_n but_o also_o long_o last_v and_o these_o two_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n beside_o all_o the_o former_a and_o man_n be_v mistake_v when_o they_o say_v the_o more_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n the_o more_o fruit_n for_o one_o or_o two_o fair_a large_a tree_n which_o have_v room_n to_o spread_v will_v bear_v more_o fruit_n than_o six_o or_o ten_o it_o may_v be_v of_o those_o that_o grow_v near_o together_o and_o crowd_v one_o another_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o almost_o a_o general_a error_n the_o plant_v of_o fruit-tree_n too_o near_o together_o especial_o as_o to_o appletree_n and_o pear-tree_n as_o for_o cherry-tree_n plum-tree_n and_o the_o like_a they_o need_v not_o be_v plant_v half_o the_o distance_n i_o speak_v of_o 5_o or_o 6_o yard_n in_o distance_n be_v usual_o enough_o and_o 8_o yard_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v special_a good_a for_o all_o tree_n grow_v much_o large_a in_o some_o soil_n then_o in_o other_o concern_v order_n in_o set_v tree_n tree_n order_n in_o set_v tree_n though_o it_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o a_o good_a orchard_n yet_o if_o man_n stand_v upon_o it_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o a_o square_a plot_n of_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o by_o a_o line_n and_o then_o measure_v the_o distance_n that_o must_v be_v between_o every_o tree_n according_a to_o the_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v and_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o have_v be_v say_v and_o have_v measure_v exact_o the_o square_a plot_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n than_o set_v the_o four_o corner_n first_o then_o fill_v up_o the_o square_a plot_n on_o all_o the_o four_o side_n with_o plant_n order_v as_o before_o and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o other_o place_n in_o the_o plot_n exact_o by_o line_n or_o by_o eye_n if_o there_o be_v four_o or_o five_o person_n to_o
tree_n that_o bear_v but_o a_o few_o small_a fruit_n columella_n give_v instruction_n for_o remove_v plant_n say_v mala_fw-la aestiva_fw-la cydonia_n sorba_fw-la pruna_fw-la 490._o l._n 1._o de_fw-fr ar_n pa_n 490._o post_fw-la mediam_fw-la hyemem_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o idus_fw-la febr_n serito_fw-la pyros_n autumno_fw-la aute_fw-la brumam_fw-la serito_fw-la plant_v the_o summer_n apple_n quince_n service-tree_n and_o plum-tree_n after_o winter_n in_o february_n but_o peartree_n before_o winter_n this_o be_v a_o hurtful_a instruction_n as_o to_o the_o first_o part_n for_o tree_n shall_v be_v plant_v in_o autumn_n as_o have_v be_v say_v and_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o summer_n appletree_n and_o the_o rest_n shall_v be_v plant_v before_o winter_n as_o be_v for_o pear-tree_n see_v at_o large_a pag._n 60_o etc._n etc._n one_o advise_v thus_o let_v the_o orchard_n be_v seat_v on_o some_o hill_n top_n rather_o than_o on_o plain_a ground_n for_o they_o have_v better_a 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generis_fw-la sarmenta_fw-la eaque_fw-la scindenda_fw-la per_fw-la medium_n etc._n etc._n the_o instruction_n be_v too_o large_a to_o show_v it_o verbatim_o this_o be_v the_o sum_n two_o graft_n of_o divers_a kind_n must_v be_v cut_v through_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o two_o half_n bind_v together_o which_o must_v be_v set_v in_o the_o earth_n &_o water_v till_o they_o bud_v forth_o another_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n bind_v the_o graft_n of_o a_o peach-tree_n and_o of_o a_o nut-tree_n together_o and_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v half_a peach_n and_o half_a nut_n and_o again_o he_o say_v bind_v the_o graft_n of_o a_o white_a figtree_n and_o a_o black_a together_o and_o plant_v they_o and_o the_o fig_n thereof_o will_v have_v the_o flesh_n on_o the_o one_o side_n white_a the_o other_o black_a rara_fw-mi avis_fw-fr in_fw-la terris_fw-la nigroque_fw-la similima_fw-la cygno_fw-la if_o man_n can_v but_o make_v the_o swan_n and_o the_o raven_n breed_v together_o they_o may_v have_v a_o strange_a kind_n of_o fowl_n a_o black_a swan_n it_o may_v be_v which_o may_v as_o soon_o be_v do_v as_o to_o make_v these_o fruit_n mix_v these_o and_o the_o like_a instruction_n be_v ridiculous_a fit_a to_o be_v pass_v over_o with_o a_o jest_n but_o if_o man_n require_v a_o serious_a answer_n it_o be_v give_v true_o by_o sir_n fr._n bacon_n in_o his_o nat_n hist_o he_o say_v 100_o cent._n 5._o pag._n 119._o 100_o such_o graft_n will_v put_v forth_o their_o several_a fruit_n without_o any_o commixture_n in_o the_o fruit_n no_o doubt_v they_o will_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o two_o half_a graft_n so_o use_v to_o grow_v we_o see_v by_o continual_a experience_n a_o small_a bud_n of_o a_o graft_n no_o big_a than_o a_o grain_n of_o wheat_n will_v keep_v it_o be_v own_o nature_n against_o a_o fair_a large_a stock_n of_o another_o kind_n second_o another_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v lay_v down_o by_o albert._n madge_n he_o say_v 1_o lib._n sepa_fw-la veget_fw-la cap._n 1_o laetamen_fw-la est_fw-la unum_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la praecipue_fw-la plantam_fw-la mutatur_fw-la à _fw-la sylvestritate_fw-la in_o domesticationem_fw-la manure_v or_o good_a soil_n be_v one_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o change_v wild_a plant_n into_o a_o mild_a &_o pleasant_a nature_n this_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o mean_n different_a kind_n of_o fruit_n as_o they_o will_v not_o mix_v one_o with_o another_o by_o the_o mean_v new_o mention_v so_o neither_o will_v they_o change_v into_o another_o kind_n lord_n bacon_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o any_o kind_n of_o creature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o that_o lock_v and_o bound_v in_o the_o creature_n that_o it_o do_v not_o expatiate_v or_o change_v from_o one_o kind_n to_o another_o the_o seed_n of_o every_o fruit_n retain_v strict_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o which_o it_o
by_o degree_n increase_v and_o rise_v more_o plentiful_o and_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_a than_o tree_n be_v full_a of_o sap_n now_o observe_v as_o by_o the_o vicinity_n and_o nearness_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v by_o degree_n the_o sap_n be_v increase_v by_o degree_n so_o likewise_o by_o the_o sun_n remoteness_n and_o absence_n which_o be_v also_o by_o degree_n in_o his_o go_v back_o again_o the_o sap_n be_v also_o diminish_v by_o degree_n that_o be_v ascend_v less_a and_o less_o in_o quantity_n until_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v so_o far_o from_o we_o and_o the_o heat_n and_o influence_n of_o it_o be_v so_o weak_a that_o it_o work_v not_o to_o cause_v sap_n to_o rise_v up_o whereby_o the_o branch_n may_v increase_v any_o long_o and_o then_o the_o branch_n and_o bud_n of_o tree_n be_v all_o at_o a_o stand_n and_o grow_v no_o more_o until_o the_o next_o spring_n and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o leave_n lose_v their_o beauty_n and_o fall_v off_o because_o sap_n rise_v not_o up_o to_o 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full_o and_o clear_o by_o a_o plain_a undeniable_a argument_n if_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a ascension_n of_o sap_n than_o there_o be_v no_o descension_n but_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a ascension_n therefore_o no_o descension_n to_o prove_v the_o minor_a proposition_n that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a ascension_n of_o sap_n in_o tree_n the_o sun_n and_o air_n continual_o draw_v sap_n and_o moisture_n out_o out_o of_o tree_n and_o other_o vegetable_n as_o the_o lord_n bacon_n and_o other_o conclude_v and_o as_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v by_o reason_n and_o experience_n we_o know_v if_o branch_n and_o twig_n of_o tree_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o lay_v aside_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n but_o for_o a_o few_o day_n they_o will_v be_v contract_v and_o wrinkle_a the_o air_n draw_v out_o the_o sap_n and_o moisture_n and_o such_o have_v no_o supply_n of_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n they_o quick_o wither_v now_o know_v also_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n have_v the_o same_o operation_n upon_o the_o live_a branch_n and_o twig_n draw_v sap_n and_o moisture_n out_o of_o they_o likewise_o but_o they_o be_v not_o contract_v and_o wrinkle_a as_o the_o other_o because_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a supply_n of_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n aswell_o in_o winter_n as_o in_o summer_n which_o keep_v they_o in_o their_o full_a dimension_n without_o wrinkle_a or_o contract_v further_o observe_v to_o prove_v this_o if_o we_o remove_v plant_n in_o september_n or_o about_o that_o time_n the_o pretend_a season_n of_o descension_n of_o sap_n and_o let_v they_o lie_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n a_o day_n or_o two_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n will_v in_o that_o short_a time_n have_v suck_v and_o draw_v out_o sap_n and_o moisture_n from_o the_o branch_n so_o that_o they_o will_v be_v apparent_o shrink_v and_o contract_v i_o have_v see_v some_o branch_n so_o much_o wrinkle_v that_o i_o question_v whether_o they_o be_v dead_a or_o alive_a but_o after_o the_o plant_n have_v be_v set_v certain_a day_n so_o much_o sap_n will_v be_v ascend_v as_o will_v again_o have_v fill_v up_o the_o wrinkle_a or_o contract_a bark_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o apparent_a hereby_o that_o some_o small_a quantity_n of_o sap_n have_v ascend_v into_o the_o branch_n since_o their_o set_n and_o if_o so_o than_o its_o clear_a there_o be_v no_o descension_n of_o sap_n can_v any_o thing_n move_v contrary_a way_n at_o one_o time_n and_o if_o we_o graft_v in_o november_n and_o december_n the_o very_a dead_a time_n of_o winter_n the_o graft_n have_v some_o small_a supply_n of_o sap_n even_o then_o else_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n will_v spoil_v they_o by_o daily_o suck_v out_o their_o moisture_n be_v there_o not_o a_o supply_n of_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n sufficient_a to_o keep_v they_o alive_a until_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v manifest_a then_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o sap_n in_o tree_n ascend_v as_o well_o in_o autumn_n and_o winter_n as_o in_o summer_n so_o much_o as_o to_o preserve_v life_n in_o tree_n by_o supply_v what_o be_v extract_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v there_o be_v no_o descension_n of_o sap_n unless_o man_n will_v hold_v that_o a_o thing_n may_v move_v several_a way_n upward_o and_o downward_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n and_o impossible_a in_o nature_n thus_o much_o concern_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o error_n in_o the_o theory_n of_o this_o art_n first_n instruction_n hurtful_a and_o dangerous_a second_o instruction_n for_o effect_v some_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o mean_v prescribe_v and_o other_o impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v by_o any_o mean_n three_o assign_v wrong_a cause_n to_o effect_n i_o will_v now_o discover_v some_o error_n that_o i_o find_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o art_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n that_o they_o may_v be_v avoid_v one_o error_n in_o practice_n be_v this_o many_o remove_v their_o tree_n in_o winter_n winter_n 1_o remove_v tree_n in_o winter_n or_o near_o the_o spring_n whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o remove_v they_o in_o september_n or_o thereabouts_o many_o plant_n be_v ready_a to_o remove_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o august_n and_o before_o which_o if_o do_v such_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n of_o those_o remove_v in_o winter_n or_o near_o the_o spring_n for_o tree_n remove_v betimes_o in_o the_o year_n grow_v in_o their_o root_n before_o winter_n and_o so_o make_v a_o fair_a preparation_n against_o the_o spring_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_n rule_n for_o transplant_n all_o tree_n to_o remove_v so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v do_v grow_v in_o the_o branch_n which_o may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o top_n or_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n if_o the_o top_n be_v close_v and_o shut_v up_o they_o may_v be_v remove_v without_o danger_n though_o it_o be_v in_o august_n or_o before_o which_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o they_o see_v pag._n 60._o together_o 2_o plant_v tree_n too_o near_o together_o another_o error_n in_o practice_n be_v plant_v tree_n too_o near_o together_o this_o be_v a_o great_a and_o general_a error_n many_o think_v the_o more_o tree_n they_o have_v the_o more_o fruit_n but_o a_o few_o have_a room_n enough_o to_o spread_v will_v bear_v more_o fruit_n than_o many_o crowd_v one_o upon_o another_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v and_o fruit_n will_v also_o be_v better_o when_o the_o sun_n may_v come_v round_o about_o the_o tree_n i_o account_v 10_o or_o 12_o yard_n a_o competent_a distance_n for_o appletree_n and_o peartree_n upon_o ordinary_a soil_n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v special_a good_a then_o give_v they_o the_o more_o room_n for_o cherry-tree_n plum-tree_n and_o such_o like_a 7_o or_o 8_o yard_n be_v a_o convenient_a distance_n country_n 3_o plant_v tree_n unfit_a for_o the_o country_n another_o error_n be_v this_o many_o plant_v fruit-tree_n unfit_a for_o the_o country_n where_o they_o plant_v they_o their_o care_n be_v chief_o to_o choose_v graft_n of_o the_o best_a kind_n and_o fair_a plant_n to_o look_v upon_o not_o consider_v so_o much_o whether_o such_o kind_n will_v prosper_v and_o bear_v fruit_n well_o in_o those_o climate_n and_o place_n where_o they_o plant_v they_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v often_o that_o many_o who_o have_v fair_a and_o goodly_a fruit_n tree_n have_v very_o little_a fruit_n from_o they_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a rule_n to_o choose_v those_o kind_n of_o fruit_n which_o we_o or_o other_o find_v by_o many_o year_n experience_n to_o be_v good_a bear_v tree_n in_o those_o part_n near_o to_o we_o although_o the_o fruit_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o good_a as_o some_o other_o plant_n 4_o choose_v the_o great_a
plant_n this_o be_v another_o error_n many_o man_n when_o they_o procure_v fruit-tree_n to_o plant_v a_o orchard_n they_o most_o common_o desire_v the_o great_a and_o fair_a plant_n hope_v such_o will_v be_v tree_n the_o soon_a whereas_o great_a plant_n many_o of_o they_o die_v and_o other_o live_v very_o poor_o but_o small_a plant_n remove_v live_v general_o and_o thrive_v more_o in_o 2_o or_o 3_o year_n then_o great_a one_o in_o 6_o or_o 7_o for_o remove_v great_a plant_n be_v a_o very_a great_a check_n to_o nature_n such_o as_o many_o time_n it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o recover_v disbranch_a 5_o set_v tree_n without_o disbranch_a another_o error_n in_o practice_n be_v this_o man_n general_o leave_v too_o many_o branch_n on_o the_o tree_n they_o plant_v and_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n have_v the_o branch_n cut_v off_o unless_o a_o few_o it_o may_v be_v whereas_o for_o want_v of_o disbranch_a plant_n they_o lose_v branch_n body_n root_n and_o all_o if_o they_o will_v plant_v great_a plant_n they_o must_v disbranch_v they_o small_a one_o need_v not_o mould_n 6_o plant_v tree_n in_o worse_a mould_n another_o be_v this_o for_o the_o most_o part_n man_n neglect_v to_o plant_v their_o young_a tree_n in_o as_o good_a or_o better_a soil_n then_o that_o from_o which_o they_o be_v remove_v they_o fetch_v they_o from_o nursery_n about_o london_n which_o be_v general_o of_o very_o fertile_a soil_n &_o plant_v they_o it_o may_v be_v in_o ordinary_a or_o poor_a soil_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o many_o of_o they_o die_v or_o grow_v weak_o whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o lay_v special_a soil_n the_o best_a they_o can_v get_v next_o to_o the_o root_n which_o have_v take_v hold_v &_o be_v well_o root_v in_o the_o ground_n they_o will_v by_o degree_n thrust_v their_o root_n and_o grow_v well_o in_o that_o which_o be_v worse_o outside_n 7_o set_v graft_v and_o stock_n smooth_a on_o the_o outside_n another_o be_v this_o some_o in_o graft_v take_v care_n to_o set_v the_o graft_n and_o stock_n even_o and_o smooth_a on_o the_o outside_n not_o consider_v that_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a then_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o graft_n whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v special_a care_n to_o set_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o bark_n together_o which_o be_v the_o chief_a rule_n in_o graft_v because_o there_o be_v the_o chief_a current_n of_o the_o sap_n graft_n 8_o graft_v long_o or_o fork_a graft_n another_o error_n be_v this_o graft_v long_o or_o fork_a graft_n common_o the_o long_a graft_n be_v the_o less_o they_o grow_v and_o the_o short_a they_o be_v cut_v the_o long_o they_o grow_v in_o a_o year_n tree_n 9_o suffer_v fruit-tree_n to_o grow_v like_o timber_n tree_n another_o be_v this_o many_o let_v their_o fruit-tree_n grow_v straight_o up_o very_o high_a before_o they_o spread_v into_o bough_n and_o they_o be_v rather_o like_o timber_n tree_n for_o building_n than_o fruit-tree_n for_o bear_v fruit_n whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n while_o the_o plant_n be_v young_a about_o a_o ell_n or_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a from_o the_o ground_n that_o so_o the_o plant_n may_v spread_v and_o enlarge_v itself_o and_o one_o tree_n well_o order_v in_o this_o respect_n for_o spread_v will_v have_v as_o many_o small_a bough_n and_o consequent_o will_v bear_v as_o much_o fruit_n as_o three_o or_o four_o it_o may_v be_v of_o such_o tree_n as_o run_v spire_v up_o a_o great_a height_n without_o spread_v fruit-tree_n 10_o giving_z too_o much_o nourishment_n to_o fruit-tree_n another_o error_n be_v this_o some_o give_v too_o much_o nourishment_n to_o fruit-tree_n let_v some_o fat_a water_n it_o may_v be_v run_v to_o the_o root_n or_o lie_v too_o near_o they_o or_o else_o by_o pour_v or_o lay_v some_o fertile_a substance_n to_o their_o root_n when_o there_o be_v sometime_o more_o need_n to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o too_o fat_a feed_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o luxuriate_v and_o spend_v their_o strength_n in_o great_a and_o large_a shoot_n and_o broad_a leaf_n and_o blossom_n and_o leave_v off_o bear_v fruit_n nourishment_n to_o fruit-tree_n ought_v to_o be_v moderate_a as_o to_o other_o creature_n seed_n 11_o nurse_n up_o quincetree_n of_o seed_n most_o man_n nurse_v up_o quince-tree_n of_o seed_n or_o slip_v from_o the_o root_n and_o seldom_o or_o never_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v they_o as_o they_o do_v other_o tree_n whereby_o they_o lose_v their_o fruit_n many_o year_n which_o they_o may_v gain_v by_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v of_o they_o and_o when_o after_o a_o long_a time_n they_o do_v bear_v yet_o their_o fruit_n be_v not_o so_o good_a if_o the_o tree_n come_v of_o seed_n at_o their_o first_o bear_v as_o graft_n will_v bring_v be_v cut_v from_o old_a bear_v tree_n wall-tree_n 12_o prune_v off_o too_o many_o shoot_v from_o wall-tree_n another_o error_n in_o practice_n be_v this_o many_o in_o prune_v aprecot-tree_n and_o other_o wall-tree_n they_o prune_v off_o most_o of_o the_o fresh_a young_a branch_n of_o the_o last_o year_n shoot_v and_o preserve_v the_o old_a and_o big_a branch_n suffer_v they_o to_o run_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n without_o small_a twig_n or_o branch_n whereas_o they_o shall_v still_o from_o year_n to_o year_n preserve_v the_o small_a shoot_n nail_v they_o up_o to_o the_o wall_n yearly_a all_n or_o most_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o top_n and_o leave_v no_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n void_a of_o branch_n and_o cause_v the_o branch_n to_o spread_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n both_o way_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o run_v upward_o too_o much_o remove_v 13_o graft_a seed_n plant_n before_o remove_v another_o error_n among_o some_o be_v this_o they_o graft_v young_a plant_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v sow_v before_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v whereby_o they_o will_v get_v good_a root_n and_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o thrust_v down_o a_o single_a root_n or_o two_o common_o into_o clay_n gravel_n or_o moist_a ground_n etc._n etc._n which_o root_n or_o root_n draw_v bad_a nourishment_n and_o thereby_o hurt_v the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n and_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o be_v remove_v afterward_o be_v graft_v they_o want_v good_a root_n for_o that_o they_o be_v never_o remove_v be_v young_a to_o get_v good_a root_n plant_n 14_o not_o prune_v the_o root_n of_o plant_n see_v how_o to_o order_v they_o pag._n 45._o some_o also_o when_o they_o transplant_v young_a tree_n they_o usual_o set_v they_o with_o all_o their_o root_n whereas_o the_o root_n of_o all_o tree_n transplant_v aught_o to_o be_v prune_v see_v how_o pag._n 61._o grow_v 15_o break_v off_o bud_n before_o graft_n grow_v another_o error_n be_v this_o many_o break_v off_o all_o the_o bud_n upon_o the_o stock_n that_o be_v engraft_v before_o the_o graft_n put_v forth_o which_o endanger_v both_o stock_n &_o graft_n for_o bud_n upon_o the_o stock_n shouldbe_v let_v alone_o all_z or_o most_o until_o the_o graft_n have_v put_v forth_o &_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v up_o sap_n and_o then_o break_v off_o all_o the_o bud_n below_o the_o graft_n that_o they_o may_v have_v all_o the_o sap_n concern_v error_n in_o practice_n thus_o much_o and_o so_o i_o have_v do_v at_o present_a with_o all_o the_o particular_a mystery_n concern_v the_o order_v of_o fruit-tree_n and_o fruit_n hereafter_o i_o may_v communicate_v more_o as_o god_n who_o instruct_v the_o husbandman_n to_o discretion_n 26._o esay_n 28.24_o 25_o 26._o &_o teach_v he_o shall_v discover_v they_o to_o i_o none_o shall_v ever_o in_o this_o life_n know_v all_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n in_o this_o art_n or_o any_o other_o but_o yet_o by_o mean_n of_o time_n and_o diligence_n we_o be_v still_o find_v out_o new_a experiment_n the_o
claret_n wine_n p._n 55._o the_o dry_v plumm_n as_o the_o mussle_v damazeene_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o best_a p._n 56._o the_o white_a peare-plum_n stock_n a_o special_a kind_n to_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v upon_o p._n 56._o mix_v not_o plum_n with_o cherry_n in_o graft_v they_o hold_v not_o long_o p._n 56._o aprecot-tree_n be_v propagate_v by_o the_o bud_n only_o not_o by_o graft_v p._n 56._o inoculate_v bud_n from_o the_o best_a bear_v tree_n and_o upon_o stock_n full_a of_o sap._n p._n 57_o nutmeg_n peach_n one_o of_o the_o best_a especial_o in_o respect_n of_o bear_v p._n 57_o the_o great_a blue_a figg_n come_v to_o perfect_a ripeness_n with_o we_o if_o set_v against_o a_o south_n wall_n p._n 57_o vineyard_n former_o in_o england_n p._n 58._o the_o parsley_n vine_n and_o white_a mukadine_n bear_v store_n of_o good_a fruit_n with_o we_o p._n 58._o portugal_n quince_n the_o best_a kind_n p._n 59_o black_a mulberry_n tree_n bear_v abundanly_a p._n 59_o choose_v the_o fair_a walnut_n of_o thin_a shell_n and_o good_a bearer_n to_o set_v p._n 59_o graft_n old_a tree_n if_o bad_a bearer_n or_o bad_a fruit_n p_o 59_o arbour_n of_o fruit-tree_n better_a than_o of_o privet_fw-la etc._n etc._n p._n 60._o begin_v to_o transplant_v betimes_o divers_a advantage_n by_o it_o p._n 60._o break_v off_o the_o leaf_n of_o plant_n when_o take_v up_o p._n 61._o cut_a the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o root_n smooth_a before_o set_v p._n 61._o set_a not_o below_o the_o soil_n yet_o deep_o on_o dry_a ground_n then_o on_o moist_a p._n 51._o in_o set_v tree_n observe_v a_o fit_a distance_n see_v the_o advantage_n thereby_o p._n 52._o put_v some_o good_a mould_n next_o the_o root_n of_o plant_n in_o set_v 63._o order_v plant_n the_o first_o year_n of_o set_v be_v of_o special_a concernment_n p._n 63._o suffer_v not_o the_o main_a branch_n of_o wal-tree_n to_o rise_v upward_o but_o spread_v they_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n p._n 64._o wall-tree_n must_v be_v prune_v and_o order_v both_o in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n p._n 94._o error_n in_o prune_v waltrees_n cut_v off_o too_o many_o shoot_v 65._o prune_n oldtree_n about_o october_n or_o november_n p._n 65._o bare_a old_a tree_n at_o the_o root_n about_o october_n and_o lay_v some_o good_a soil_n to_o they_o p._n 66._o piggions_n dung_n hens_n dung_n blood_n of_o cattle_n or_o the_o like_a be_v special_a good_a to_o cause_v tree_n to_o bear_v well_o p._n 66._o mow_v of_o orchard_n be_v exceed_v hurtful_a to_o fruit-tree_n but_o suffer_v cattle_n to_o lie_v among_o they_o be_v very_o profitable_a p._n 66._o moss_n on_o fruit-tree_n cause_v by_o coldness_n and_o barrenness_n of_o the_o ground_n p._n 67._o cut_a off_o the_o branch_n of_o tree_n barkbound_v p._n 67._o cut_a out_o the_o canker_n of_o fruit-tree_n p._n 68_o destroy_v caterpillar_n in_o breed_a p._n 68_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n from_o aunt_n erewigg_n snail_n wasp_n bird_n and_o wind_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v 69._o cider_n make_v of_o fruit_n new_o gather_v and_o also_o when_o they_o be_v mellow_a how_o to_o make_v it_o p._n 70._o preserve_v cider_n from_o air_n p._n 70._o cider_n boil_a with_o spice_n be_v very_a cordial_n p._n 70._o colour_n cider_n with_o the_o juice_n of_o mulberry_n great_a bear_a cherry_n etc._n etc._n p._n 70._o cider_n in_o bottle_n sink_v into_o a_o well_o will_v keep_v good_a many_o year_n p._n 71._o how_o to_o keep_v apple_n p._n 71._o apple_n help_v concoction_n p._n 71._o they_o be_v profitable_a in_o hot_a disease_n and_o against_o melancholy_n the_o pleurisy_n etc._n etc._n p._n 72._o apple_n be_v singular_a good_a to_o cure_v the_o strangury_n and_o other_o disease_n proceed_v of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o make_v water_n see_v how_o order_v p._n 72._o pear_n be_v more_o nourish_v then_o apple_n p._n 72._o a_o wine_n of_o pear_n not_o inferior_a to_o french_a wine_n p._n 72._o cider_n and_o perry_n cordial_a liquor_n profitable_a for_o health_n and_o long_a life_n p._n 73._o quince_n cordial_a fruit_n and_o of_o manifold_a use_n p._n 73._o how_o to_o keep_v quince_n a_o year_n or_o two_o p._n 73._o cherry_n breed_v good_a blood_n in_o the_o body_n the_o sharp_a be_v best_a p._n 73._o a_o pleasant_a refresh_a wine_n make_v of_o cherry_n more_o fit_a for_o summer_n then_o hot_a wine_n p._n 74._o cherry_n boil_v in_o broth_n and_o drink_v good_a for_o hot_a and_o feverish_a body_n p._n 74._o kernel_n of_o cherry_n stone_n break_v the_o bladder-stone_n p._n 74._o cherry_n strengthen_v and_o stir_v up_o appetite_n to_o meat_n p._n 74._o plum_n cast_v out_o choleric_a humour_n and_o be_v good_a in_o hot_a disease_n p._n 74._o the_o infusion_n of_o dry_a aprecot_n be_v profitable_a in_o sharp_a favour_n p._n 75._o peach_n cool_v and_o keep_v the_o belly_n soluble_a eat_v they_o as_o all_o other_o fruit_n moderate_o and_o drink_v a_o cup_n of_o wine_n after_o p._n 75._o wine_n of_o mulberry_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o juice_n will_v colour_v white-wine_n cider_n perry_n &c_n &c_n and_o make_v a_o pleasant_a sauce_n p._n 74._o juice_n of_o mulberry_n good_a against_o a_o sore_a mouth_n or_o throat_n they_o stir_v up_o a_o languish_a appetite_n p._n 76._o figgs_n nourish_v much_o and_o breed_v store_n of_o blood_n be_v account_v restorative_n they_o help_v a_o old_a cough_n boil_a with_o isop_n many_o other_o purpose_n p._n 76._o meddler_n fortify_v digestion_n stay_v vomit_v and_o looseness_n of_o the_o belly_n kernel_n with_o parsle_o root_n &c._n &c._n might_o drive_v out_o stone_n and_o gravel_n from_o the_o kidney_n p._n 77._o walnut_n help_v digestion_n with_o other_o thing_n they_o resist_v poison_n green_a walnut_n distil_v preserve_v against_o the_o pestilence_n p._n 77._o error_n discover_v concern_v the_o art_n of_o plant_v first_o in_o the_o writing_n of_o some_o second_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o see_v the_o particular_n p._n 79_o 80_o 81_o 82._o etc._n etc._n plant_v of_o fruit-tree_n the_o best_a way_n of_o improvement_n of_o land_n the_o profit_n of_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o many_o in_o this_o nation_n so_o that_o the_o thing_n i_o hold_v forth_o to_o man_n be_v not_o doubtful_a and_o questionable_a whether_o advantage_n will_v arise_v or_o no_o when_o they_o have_v bestow_v their_o time_n and_o labour_n about_o they_o but_o profit_n be_v as_o certain_a by_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n if_o man_n labour_v in_o they_o as_o a_o harvest_n of_o corn_n in_o autumn_n when_o the_o husbandman_n have_v plough_v and_o sow_v in_o the_o spring_n or_o other_o season_n worcestershire_n herefordshire_n gloustershire_n kent_n and_o many_o other_o part_n in_o this_o nation_n can_v sufficient_o evidence_n the_o profit_n of_o orchard_n and_o fruit-tree_n in_o the_o fieild_n and_o hedge_n and_o those_o good_a commonwealths-man_n who_o have_v write_v of_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n have_v all_o agree_v that_o this_o be_v the_o high_a way_n of_o improvement_n of_o any_o other_o mr_n blithe_a in_o his_o book_n entitle_v the_o improver_n improve_v a_o work_n doubtless_o of_o singular_a use_n have_v assert_v that_o plant_v fruit-tree_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o they_o can_v reach_v when_o they_o have_v attain_v large_a growth_n they_o do_v advantage_n the_o land_n even_o in_o respect_n of_o grass_n although_o the_o common_a prejudice_n against_o fruit-tree_n in_o field_n be_v that_o they_o spoil_v grass_n as_o that_o some_o land_n not_o be_v worth_a above_o 10_o or_o 13_o 4d._o a_o acre_n the_o grass_n by_o plant_v fruit_n tree_n regular_o upon_o it_o be_v afterward_o worth_a 30_o or_o 40_o or_o 50_o a_o acre_n and_o the_o fruit_n upon_o the_o tree_n may_v yield_v some_o 3_o some_o 5_o or_o some_o 6_o or_o 8_o a_o acre_n see_v pag._n 262._o of_o his_o book_n and_o that_o in_o kent_n essex_n surrey_z middlesex_n and_o those_o part_n some_o land_n that_o be_v not_o worth_a above_o 6_o or_o 8_o the_o acre_n be_v by_o nursery_n of_o young_a tree_n plant_v and_o order_v of_o they_o in_o certain_a year_n bring_v to_o be_v worth_a 20_o a_o acre_n and_o some_o 40_o or_o more_o and_o further_o he_o affirm_v that_o some_o orchard_n in_o those_o part_n be_v worth_a to_o graze_v forty_o or_o fifty_o shilling_n or_o 3_o a_o acre_n and_o be_v so_o let_v to_o tenant_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o those_o tree_n seldom_o yield_v so_o little_a as_o double_a or_o treble_v the_o worth_n of_o the_o grass_n many_o time_n five_o or_o six_o fold_n or_o more_o see_v pag._n 263._o of_o his_o book_n it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v object_v that_o fruit-tree_n so_o plant_v make_v grass_n under_o and_o about_o they_o sour_a that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o pleasant_a and_o good_a for_o cattle_n as_o some_o other_o where_o no_o tree_n be_v it_o
be_v answer_v although_o it_o be_v not_o so_o pleasant_a altogether_o as_o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o shade_n of_o tree_n yet_o other_o advantage_n do_v more_o than_o make_v amends_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o such_o grass_n be_v early_o in_o the_o spring_n then_o upon_o other_o ground_n and_o that_o such_o ground_n bear_v more_o when_o it_o be_v cut_v for_o hay_n or_o if_o pasture_v it_o keep_v more_o cattle_n than_o land_n of_o like_a quantity_n not_o so_o plant_v and_o beside_o in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n there_o be_v grass_n under_o and_o about_o tree_n when_o it_o be_v burn_v up_o in_o other_o ground_n my_o advice_n be_v therefore_o all_o these_o profit_n and_o advantage_n consider_v that_o man_n set_v themselves_o diligent_o to_o this_o work_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n for_o improvement_n of_o their_o land_n and_o estate_n not_o only_o that_o they_o plant_v good_a orchard_n and_o garden_n but_o also_o that_o they_o plant_v round_o about_o their_o field_n and_o in_o their_o corn_n pasture_n and_o hay_n ground_n the_o fruit-tree_n at_o a_o large_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o 20_o yard_n asunder_o and_o that_o they_o suffer_v no_o branch_n to_o spread_v within_o two_o yard_n from_o the_o ground_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n and_o may_v not_o be_v troublesome_a to_o workman_n in_o plough_v sow_v reap_v and_o other_o work_n if_o the_o plant_n be_v fair_a straight_a one_o of_o two_o yard_n high_a or_o thereabouts_o &_o fence_v about_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o cattle_n at_o the_o first_o with_o some_o stake_n or_o the_o like_a they_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n preserve_v themselves_o and_o will_v need_v but_o little_a labour_n about_o they_o afterward_o as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v and_o hereby_o man_n may_v reap_v every_o year_n two_o harvest_n from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o land_n the_o one_o of_o corn_n the_o other_o of_o fruit_n of_o tree_n and_o the_o latter_a when_o tree_n be_v grow_v large_a probable_o will_v be_v the_o great_a and_o in_o this_o respect_n this_o way_n of_o improvement_n of_o land_n be_v much_o better_a than_o other_o way_n of_o profit_n because_o in_o get_v corn_n or_o raise_v profit_n by_o any_o other_o way_n of_o improvement_n man_n must_v of_o necessity_n bestow_v much_o money_n time_n and_o pain_n about_o they_o every_o year_n which_o eat_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o profit_n but_o in_o plant_v fruit-tree_n the_o worst_a be_v at_o first_o after_o a_o few_o year_n they_o yield_v great_a profit_n with_o little_a cost_n and_o labour_n so_o that_o as_o be_v say_v fruit-tree_n in_o a_o few_o year_n with_o small_a cost_n and_o labour_n will_v double_a and_o treble_a the_o value_n of_o land_n and_o after_o many_o year_n the_o advance_v of_o profit_n will_v be_v manifold_a ob._n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o all_o shall_v plant_v than_o such_o great_a profit_n can_v not_o be_v make_v every_o man_n will_v have_v of_o his_o own_o ans_fw-fr i_o answer_v that_o if_o all_o shall_v plant_v fruit-tree_n that_o may_v convenient_o plant_v yet_o will_v there_o be_v multitude_n every_o where_o to_o buy_v for_o all_o that_o for_o consider_v in_o a_o great_a city_n or_o town_n what_o a_o number_n of_o people_n there_o be_v who_o have_v no_o land_n at_o all_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o their_o house_n and_o many_o other_o but_o very_o small_a quantity_n these_o will_v be_v buyer_n of_o the_o husbandman_n fruit_n and_o the_o wine_n that_o he_o make_v of_o they_o and_o let_v we_o say_v what_o we_o will_v or_o can_v there_o be_v many_o that_o have_v land_n which_o they_o may_v plant_v and_o improve_v to_o a_o exceed_a great_a value_n who_o will_v yet_o be_v idle_a and_o slothful_a and_o object_n with_o solomon_n sluggard_n there_o be_v a_o lion_n in_o the_o way_n something_o or_o other_o that_o hinder_v yet_o these_o man_n when_o they_o see_v fruit_n will_v be_v as_o eager_a for_o they_o as_o any_o other_o and_o therefore_o will_v be_v very_o good_a chapman_n to_o buy_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o diligent_a husbandman_n objection_n and_o discouragement_n concern_v plant_v answer_v before_o i_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n itself_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o answer_v some_o main_a objection_n to_o remove_v discouragement_n about_o this_o work_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n that_o have_v keep_v off_o many_o from_o this_o profitable_a employment_n &_o may_v still_o hinder_v they_o unless_o remove_v and_o then_o i_o will_v give_v some_o encouragement_n to_o it_o from_o divine_a and_o humane_a argument_n and_o testimony_n ob._n 1_o this_o be_v a_o objection_n among_o many_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n they_o say_v the_o northern_a country_n be_v so_o cold_a that_o fruit-tree_n will_v not_o prosper_v nor_o bear_v fruit_n there_o ans_fw-fr to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o northern_a country_n lie_v in_o a_o more_o cold_a climate_n than_o worcestershire_n herefordshire_n and_o those_o fruit_n country_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o if_o they_o be_v as_o diligent_a in_o plant_v fruit-tree_n in_o the_o north_n part_n as_o man_n be_v in_o these_o they_o may_v have_v store_n of_o good_a fruit_n so_o that_o some_o caution_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v true_a cold_a country_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o choice_n and_o tender_a fruit_n as_o warm_a climate_n but_o there_o be_v diverse_a kind_n of_o hardy_a fruit_n both_o apple_n pear_n cherry_n which_o yearly_a experience_n show_v endure_v cold_a and_o come_v to_o perfection_n in_o cold_a spring_n when_o many_o other_o kind_n be_v spoil_v let_v such_o kind_n therefore_o be_v seek_v for_o and_o plant_v and_o beside_o those_o good_a husband_n in_o those_o part_n who_o be_v diligent_a in_o plant_v fruit-tree_n have_v fruit_n answerable_a ob._n 2_o other_o say_v that_o if_o they_o shall_v plant_v fruit-tree_n and_o bestow_v much_o labour_n and_o cost_v about_o they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o perfection_n and_o bear_v fruit_n they_o shall_v be_v robe_v of_o all_o or_o most_o and_o the_o tree_n will_v be_v spoil_v &_o who_o will_v plant_v to_o be_v so_o serve_v ans_fw-fr to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n against_o this_o mischief_n it_o may_v indeed_o be_v a_o just_a discouragement_n but_o this_o fear_n may_v be_v remove_v diverse_a way_n and_o i_o advise_v have_v make_v a_o good_a fence_n about_o the_o orchard_n keep_v therein_o a_o lusty_a mastiff_n or_o two_o that_o will_v not_o be_v charm_v in_o the_o night_n time_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o they_o will_v keep_v most_o from_o adventure_v upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n second_o some_o that_o have_v good_a orchard_n watch_v their_o fruit_n if_o a_o man_n keep_v 2_o or_o 3_o or_o more_o servant_n they_o may_v watch_v in_o their_o turn_n it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n if_o you_o consider_v for_o what_o time_n only_o it_o be_v necessary_a which_o be_v but_o from_o the_o time_n that_o fruit_n come_v to_o be_v worth_a get_n till_o they_o be_v ripe_a and_o that_o be_v not_o long_a and_o consider_v it_o be_v in_o a_o pleasant_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o pain_n and_o charge_n will_v be_v but_o little_a to_o the_o profit_n we_o see_v man_n be_v vigilant_a and_o diligent_a much_o more_o than_o this_o will_v require_v upon_o far_o less_o advantage_n 3._o but_o there_o be_v a_o three_o mean_n to_o keep_v orchard_n from_o be_v robe_v which_o i_o esteem_v best_a of_o any_o other_o it_o be_v this_o i_o will_v have_v every_o man_n that_o have_v land_n to_o plant_v some_o fruit-tree_n for_o himself_o that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v thief_n to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o let_v those_o that_o have_v much_o fruit_n spare_v a_o part_n to_o they_o that_o have_v but_o little_a or_o none_o of_o their_o own_o and_o be_v no_o niggard_n but_o liberal_a to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o this_o bounty_n will_v bring_v a_o double_a blessing_n first_o from_o god_n to_o increase_v the_o fruit_n second_o from_o man_n not_o to_o diminish_v they_o but_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o such_o as_o make_v but_o a_o sport_n of_o rob_v a_o orchard_n will_v but_o consider_v the_o affliction_n and_o terror_n of_o conscience_n that_o seize_v upon_o good_a austen_n 4._o see_v the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o confession_n chap_n 4._o for_o this_o very_a sin_n of_o rob_v a_o orchard_n which_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o before_o his_o conversion_n he_o confess_v it_o with_o much_o grief_n and_o aggravate_v it_o with_o no_o less_o than_o ten_o circumstance_n cry_v earnest_o for_o mercy_n and_o pardon_v ecce_fw-la cor_fw-la meum_fw-la deus_fw-la meus_fw-la ecce_fw-la cor_fw-la meum_fw-la quod_fw-la miseratus_fw-la es_fw-la in_o
fruit-tree_n so_o also_o of_o lees_n of_o wine_n the_o wash_n of_o strong_a beere-barrel_n blood_n of_o cattle_n dead_a dog_n carrion_n or_o the_o like_a lay_v or_o put_v to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n when_o open_v as_o before_o be_v find_v very_o profitable_a unto_o fruitbearing_a but_o in_o case_n the_o soil_n about_o the_o root_n be_v over_o fat_a and_o fertile_a it_o may_v hinder_v bear_v for_o it_o will_v cause_v tree_n to_o shoot_v forth_o great_a large_a shoot_n and_o to_o send_v forth_o broad_a leave_n and_o but_o little_a fruit_n if_o so_o then_o take_v away_o some_o of_o the_o fertile_a soil_n and_o put_v in_o instead_o sand_n or_o coal_n ash_n or_o any_o stuff_n that_o be_v barren_a that_o it_o may_v dry_v up_o and_o abate_v some_o of_o the_o too_o full_o feed_v that_o the_o tree_n have_v and_o so_o cause_n fruitfulness_n though_o meat_n and_o drink_n be_v never_o so_o good_a &_o wholesome_a yet_o excess_n hurt_v the_o body_n and_o further_o observe_v that_o mow_v of_o ground_n yearly_a where_o fruit-tree_n grow_v be_v exceed_v prejudicial_a to_o tree_n in_o respect_n of_o bear_v unless_o the_o soil_n be_v exceed_o fertile_a but_o pasture_v of_o orchard_n and_o ground_n where_o fruit-tree_n grow_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o their_o prosper_v and_o bear_v fruit_n when_o cattle_n be_v suffer_v to_o lie_v and_o pasture_n under_o &_o about_o the_o tree_n they_o much_o benefit_n the_o root_n by_o their_o warmth_n in_o sit_v and_o by_o their_o soil_n which_o soak_v down_o among_o the_o root_n and_o be_v a_o great_a refresh_n to_o they_o as_o have_v be_v find_v by_o clear_a experience_n therefore_o permit_v cattle_n if_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o lie_v &_o pasture_n under_o &_o among_o fruit-tree_n after_o they_o be_v grow_v strong_a &_o out_o of_o their_o reach_n save_v only_o at_o those_o season_n when_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a because_o rub_v against_o the_o tree_n will_v shake_v down_o the_o fruit_n and_o spoil_v they_o and_o it_o be_v better_a they_o do_v not_o rub_v against_o the_o tree_n at_o any_o time_n for_o in_o that_o respect_n they_o may_v do_v hurt_v therefore_o set_v stake_n or_o post_n about_o the_o tree_n for_o the_o cattle_n to_o rub_v against_o whereby_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o concern_v transplant_n prune_v and_o order_v the_o root_n of_o tree_n thus_o much_o see_v further_o error_n in_o practice_n disease_n incident_a to_o fruit-tree_n fruit-tree_n be_v subject_a to_o divers_a disease_n baptist_n port._n say_v 35._o de_fw-fr cultu_fw-la &_o insit_fw-la l._n c._n 35._o affliguntur_fw-la plantae_fw-la omnes_fw-la veluti_fw-la animalia_fw-la diversis_fw-la morbis_fw-la all_o tree_n or_o plant_n be_v afflict_v with_o divers_a disease_n as_o sensible_a creature_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v apply_v ourselves_o to_o cure_v they_o not_o for_o pity_n to_o the_o tree_n as_o the_o indulgent_a compassionate_a manichee_n but_o for_o our_o own_o profit_n i_o shall_v at_o present_a mention_v only_o three_o disease_n that_o sometime_o happen_v to_o fruit-tree_n mossinesse_n bark-bound_a and_o canker_n concern_v mossinesse_n of_o fruit-tree_n the_o way_n to_o cure_v that_o and_o other_o disease_n be_v to_o take_v away_o the_o cause_n sublatâ_fw-la causâ_fw-la mossinesse_n 1_o mossinesse_n tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la if_o the_o spring_n be_v stop_v the_o stream_n can_v run_v some_o to_o cure_v this_o only_o scrape_v off_o the_o moss_n not_o endeavour_v to_o take_v away_o the_o cause_n so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o year_n they_o be_v as_o bad_a again_o that_o be_v but_o like_a endeavour_n for_o cure_n of_o the_o toothache_n or_o gout_n or_o the_o like_a with_o some_o outward_a application_n which_o though_o they_o may_v give_v some_o ease_n for_o a_o while_n yet_o they_o strike_v not_o at_o the_o root_n they_o remove_v not_o the_o cause_n and_o therefore_o they_o return_v again_o so_o that_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o the_o cause_n of_o mossinesse_n be_v sometime_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o over_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o in_o waterish_a and_o clay_n ground_n likewise_o by_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n if_o it_o be_v coldness_n through_o moisture_n then_o use_v all_o mean_n to_o lay_v it_o dryer_n by_o trench_v the_o ground_n or_o if_o it_o be_v clay-ground_n then_o bring_v in_o some_o warm_a soyl_n to_o mix_v with_o it_o as_o sand_n ash_n sheeps-dung_n pigeon_n or_o hens-dung_n or_o the_o like_a if_o the_o soil_n be_v too_o barren_a then_o help_v it_o by_o mixture_n of_o good_a soil_n round_o about_o the_o root_n but_o withal_o take_v away_o the_o moss_n that_o be_v already_o upon_o the_o tree_n in_o this_o manner_n after_o rain_n rub_v it_o off_o with_o a_o haircloth_n else_o scrape_v it_o off_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o hard_a wood_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o knife_n another_o be_v the_o barke-bound_a disease_n bark-bound_a 2_o bark-bound_a this_o exceed_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o tree_n it_o make_v they_o live_v linger_o and_o poor_o this_o happen_v when_o there_o be_v but_o a_o dull_a and_o slow_a passage_n up_o of_o sap_n and_o in_o small_a quantity_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o barrenness_n of_o soil_n or_o want_n of_o due_a culture_n to_o the_o branch_n therefore_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v barren_a it_o must_v be_v mend_v and_o likewise_o some_o of_o the_o branch_n cut_v off_o and_o the_o rest_n score_v down_o all_o along_o to_o the_o root_n through_o the_o bark_n on_o each_o side_n with_o some_o cross_n cut_v and_o nick_n in_o the_o bark_n let_v this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o spring_n time_n &_o the_o sap_n will_v arise_v more_o plentiful_o another_o disease_n be_v the_o canker_n canker_n 3_o canker_n natural_a to_o some_o but_o accidental_o happen_v to_o other_o by_o bruise_n etc._n etc._n this_o hurt_v many_o and_o spoil_v some_o to_o cure_v it_o cut_v it_o out_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o body_n or_o great_a bough_n of_o tree_n &_o then_o cover_v the_o place_n with_o clay_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o small_a branch_n that_o be_v dead_a but_o withal_o endeavour_v to_o stop_v the_o fountain_n and_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v a_o sharp_a and_o virulent_a sap_n by_o lay_v cole_n ash_n or_o ash_n of_o burn_a wood_n nettle_n ferne_n and_o such_o like_a vegetable_n to_o the_o root_n but_o if_o the_o tree_n grow_v upon_o gravel_n ground_n they_o will_v hardly_o be_v cure_v without_o alter_v the_o soil_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n second_o concern_v mischief_n incident_a to_o fruit_n fruit_n 2_o mischief_n incident_a to_o fruit_n by_o caterpillar_n aunt_n erewig_n snail_n wasp_n bird_n and_o cold_a and_o strong_a wind_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n caterpillar_n caterpillar_n 1_o caterpillar_n breed_v and_o devour_v many_o bud_n blossom_n and_o young_a fruit_n especial_o in_o a_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o dew_n and_o leaves_n as_o one_o say_v when_o the_o east_n wind_n blow_v much_o which_o cause_v that_o moist_a and_o slimy_a matter_n to_o vivifie_v 182._o l._n bac_n nat_n hist_o pag._n 182._o they_o breed_v also_o as_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o spawn_n of_o butterfly_n now_o how_o to_o to_o destroy_v they_o i_o know_v no_o better_a way_n then_o to_o pluck_v off_o those_o leaf_n which_o have_v the_o cobweb_n make_v upon_o they_o in_o which_o they_o breed_v and_o tread_v they_o under_o foot_n for_o one_o of_o they_o contain_v multitude_n and_o for_o those_o that_o escape_n be_v upon_o the_o tree_n some_o smoke_n they_o with_o straw_n or_o such_o like_a which_o make_v they_o fall_v off_o they_o may_v be_v destroy_v also_o by_o squirt_a water_n up_o into_o the_o tree_n among_o the_o bough_n which_o wash_v they_o off_o second_o aunt_n ants._n 2_o ants._n and_o pismire_n hurt_v fruit_n multitude_n creep_v up_o into_o some_o tree_n and_o eat_v the_o fruit_n therefore_o seek_v out_o their_o hill_n where_o they_o breed_v and_o lie_v and_o power_n in_o scald_a water_n among_o they_o till_o they_o be_v destroy_v or_o else_o anoint_v the_o bottom_n 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4_o 12_o 13_o ay_o goddard_n sculp_v oxford_n print_v for_o tho_n robinson_n 1653._o to_o the_o worshipful_a samvel_n hartlib_a esquire_n my_o much_o honour_a friend_n i_o be_o not_o unmindful_a worthy_a sir_n under_o what_o engagement_n you_o stand_v upon_o my_o account_n to_o the_o public_a in_o the_o late_a treatise_n of_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o our_o decease_a friend_n mr_n blithe_n which_o you_o be_v please_v so_o free_o to_o undertake_v for_o i_o and_o which_o be_v renew_v again_o in_o the_o design_n for_o plenty_n according_a to_o my_o duty_n therefore_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o answer_v your_o and_o other_o expectation_n in_o this_o my_o ensue_a discourse_n of_o fruit-tree_n it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o this_o work_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n through_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n be_v of_o vast_a profit_n where_o it_o be_v diligent_o and_o skilful_o undertake_v mr_n blithe_a in_o his_o book_n discover_v the_o great_a improvement_n of_o land_n some_o 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the_o expense_n of_o many_o thousand_o quarter_n of_o malt_n yearly_a in_o the_o nation_n and_o many_o thousand_o load_v of_o wood_n and_o other_o fuel_n in_o make_v malt_n and_o as_o much_o it_o may_v be_v in_o brew_v beer_n and_o many_o thousand_o acre_n sow_v yearly_a with_o barley_n may_v be_v sow_v with_o bread-corne_n or_o turn_v into_o pasture-ground_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o those_o most_o healthful_a liquor_n cider_n and_o perry_n that_o may_v be_v yearly_a make_v beside_o great_a store_n of_o wood_n will_v be_v get_v for_o fuel_n by_o the_o prune_n of_o the_o fruit-tree_n and_o old_a tree_n past_o bear_v with_o special_a wood_n for_o joiner_n and_o many_o other_o purpose_n this_o likewise_o may_v be_v one_o chief_a way_n among_o other_o for_o employ_v and_o set_v on_o work_n very_o many_o poor_a people_n 21.5_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o diligent_a tend_v only_o to_o plenteousness_n prov._n 21.5_o in_o enclose_v and_o prepare_v ground_n for_o plant_v and_o 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acre_n in_o this_o nation_n such_o as_o be_v most_o fit_a for_o improvement_n according_a as_o be_v large_o and_o with_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n set_v forth_o in_o the_o late_a treatise_n entitle_v bread_n for_o the_o poor_a and_o in_o another_o treatise_n entitle_v a_o design_n for_o plenty_n there_o will_v by_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n on_o our_o labour_n be_v bread_n indeed_o for_o the_o poor_a and_o wine_n too_o yea_o riches_n and_o land_n of_o inheritance_n to_o those_o who_o be_v not_o now_o worth_a a_o groat_n for_o in_o division_n and_o enclosure_n of_o waste_v and_o common_a ground_n by_o person_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o poor_a have_v their_o share_n and_o proportion_n as_o well_o as_o their_o rich_a neighbour_n and_o that_o to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o yea_o let_v the_o poor_a be_v first_o provide_v for_o be_v not_o these_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gospel_n prophesy_v of_o esay_n 49.19_o 20._o when_o the_o be_v and_o desolate_a place_n shall_v be_v inhabit_v the_o people_n of_o god_n be_v multiply_v as_o in_o these_o our_o day_n they_o be_v more_o than_o in_o former_a time_n they_o now_o say_v to_o authority_n as_o vers_n 20._o the_o place_n be_v too_o straight_o for_o we_o give_v place_n to_o we_o that_o we_o may_v dwell_v many_o of_o the_o waste_v and_o common_a ground_n be_v enclose_v may_v be_v improve_v unto_o far_o great_a advantage_n than_o now_o they_o be_v both_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o waste_v and_o other_o claim_v interest_n in_o they_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o cattle_n both_o in_o number_n and_o greatness_n our_o breed_n of_o horse_n may_v then_o be_v fit_a for_o war_n whereas_o now_o the_o commons_o starve_v and_o spoil_v they_o as_o to_o such_o service_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o corn_n fruit_n of_o tree_n timber_n fuel_n hemp_n flax_n and_o many_o other_o profit_n may_v be_v multiply_v whereby_o the_o nation_n will_v abound_v with_o all_o outward_a necessary_n for_o 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when_o he_o be_v most_o mindful_a of_o we_o and_o that_o we_o shall_v fall_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o token_n that_o we_o forget_v he_o that_o send_v it_o and_o now_o have_v answer_v the_o doubt_n and_o discouragement_n that_o have_v hinder_v some_o from_o enter_v upon_o this_o part_n of_o the_o husbandman_n work_n the_o art_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n and_o show_v the_o great_a esteem_n that_o all_o man_n have_v of_o it_o and_o the_o value_n and_o dignity_n thereof_o from_o divine_a and_o humane_a argument_n what_o a_o rich_a confluence_n of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n bring_v unto_o we_o by_o it_o with_o a_o caution_n in_o the_o use_n of_o these_o thing_n what_o remain_v but_o that_o i_o also_o discover_v how_o we_o may_v obtain_v our_o desire_n herein_o by_o what_o mean_v the_o work_n may_v be_v do_v with_o most_o speed_n and_o best_a effect_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v of_o a_o nursery_n of_o young_a plant_n nursery_n of_o the_o nursery_n 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hole_n all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o line_n to_o the_o other_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o more_o as_o you_o will_v and_o have_v prepare_v the_o seed_n plant_n by_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n twig_n and_o the_o end_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o root_n set_v they_o in_o order_n in_o the_o hole_n to_o the_o top_n of_o their_o root_n and_o close_o the_o mould_n about_o they_o draw_v the_o big_a first_o and_o set_v they_o by_o themselves_o &_o the_o least_o by_o themselves_o then_o take_v up_o the_o line_n and_o stretch_v it_o again_o about_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o plant_n and_o make_v hole_n and_o prune_v more_o seed_n plant_n and_o set_v they_o as_o before_o then_o take_v up_o the_o line_n and_o stretch_v it_o again_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a from_o the_o plant_n last_o set_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o convenient_a space_n of_o ground_n to_o pass_v between_o to_o weed_v the_o plant_n and_o to_o graft_v and_o inoculate_v they_o be_v grow_v fit_a and_o have_v 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to_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o a_o good_a plant._n now_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o inoculate_v and_o graft_v these_o plant_n be_v thus_o prepare_v graft_v the_o time_n of_o graft_v and_o grow_v fit_a first_o concern_v graft_a wherein_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o time_n february_n and_o march_n usual_o with_o most_o be_v the_o too_o chief_a month_n for_o graft_v but_o we_o may_v begin_v soon_o and_o its_o best_a so_o to_o do_v especial_o with_o cherry_n and_o plum-graft_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n or_o in_o december_n yea_o i_o have_v graft_v some_o with_o good_a success_n in_o november_n and_o soon_o
of_o the_o stock_n that_o the_o sap_n may_v more_o easy_o come_v out_o of_o the_o stock_n into_o the_o graft_n to_o feed_v it_o for_o the_o main_a current_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n and_o regard_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o grafter_n in_o set_v the_o outside_n even_o and_o smooth_a not_o consider_v the_o inside_n their_o success_n be_v according_a to_o their_o skill_n for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o know_v the_o bark_n of_o a_o big_a stock_n be_v much_o thick_a than_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o slender_a graft_n &_o if_o the_o outside_n be_v smooth_a and_o even_o the_o inside_n must_v needs_o be_v uneven_a but_o i_o say_v to_o join_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o both_o bark_n together_o all_o along_o the_o cleave_a be_v the_o principal_a thing_n in_o graft_v of_o such_o big_a stock_n the_o graft_n be_v thus_o place_v in_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o wedg_n pull_v out_o then_o clay_n they_o close_o on_o every_o side_n a_o inch_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cleave_v in_o choose_v graft_n choose_v not_o those_o that_o be_v very_o small_a graft_n choice_n of_o graft_n and_o slender_a they_o common_o fail_v but_o take_v the_o fair_a upon_o the_o tree_n and_o especial_o those_o that_o be_v full_a of_o bud_n graft_v every_o cyence_n into_o its_o own_o kind_a as_o all_o kind_n of_o apple_n together_o and_o also_o on_o crabstock_n which_o be_v the_o wild_a apple_n pear-graft_n on_o wild_a pear-stock_n &_o the_o like_a of_o other_o kind_n join_v not_o contrary_a or_o different_a kind_n they_o never_o come_v to_o perfection_n as_o cherry_n graft_v on_o plum-stock_n or_o the_o like_a experience_n make_v it_o manifest_a to_o be_v but_o lose_v labour_n they_o will_v grow_v it_o may_v be_v a_o year_n or_o two_o and_o then_o die_v and_o in_o choice_n of_o graft_n bearing-tree_n observe_v the_o best_a bearing-tree_n be_v sure_a to_o consider_v what_o tree_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v the_o best_a bearer_n some_o 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that_o straight_o shoot_v begin_v to_o spread_v till_o it_o be_v a_o ell_n long_o at_o least_o rather_o more_o and_o then_o let_v the_o branch_n spread_v and_o enlarge_v themselves_o and_o from_o year_n to_o year_n prune_v off_o those_o shoot_v and_o branch_n as_o be_v superfluous_a and_o grow_v too_o near_o one_o another_o and_o preserve_v only_o such_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v the_o tree_n of_o a_o comely_a form_n and_o if_o any_o spire_n up_o and_o shoot_v too_o strong_o upward_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n only_o and_o spread_v not_o sufficient_o as_o be_v often_o see_v in_o peartree_n and_o some_o other_o tree_n cut_v off_o from_o time_n to_o time_n those_o strong_a shoot_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o still_o preserve_v the_o outmost_a branch_n for_o all_o fruit-tree_n ought_v to_o spread_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o the_o branch_n hang_v not_o too_o near_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o much_o concern_v graft_a and_o also_o prune_v while_o they_o be_v young_a plant_n i_o shall_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o other_o work_n whereby_o fruit-tree_n be_v increase_v inoculate_v or_o put_v a_o small_a bud_n into_o a_o stock_n which_o as_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o graft_v but_o differ_v much_o in_o the_o season_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o work_n the_o time_n for_o inoculate_v bud_n bud_n inoculate_v bud_n be_v about_o midsummer_n a_o fortnight_n before_o &_o a_o fortnight_n after_o be_v the_o chief_a season_n though_o some_o plant_n full_a of_o sap_n may_v be_v do_v afterward_o with_o good_a success_n that_o this_o business_n may_v be_v do_v to_o good_a purpose_n it_o must_v be_v consider_v whether_o the_o bud_n which_o we_o mean_v to_o get_v be_v sufficient_o grow_v or_o not_o they_o must_v not_o be_v too_o young_a and_o tender_a and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n have_v bud_n ready_a soon_o than_o other_o as_o the_o aprecott_n especial_o and_o those_o that_o shoot_v strong_o let_v then_o the_o big_a and_o strong_a shoot_n be_v cut_v from_o the_o tree_n that_o have_v grow_v since_o the_o spring_n to_o that_o time_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shoot_n all_o these_o bud_n that_o be_v too_o small_a and_o tender_a and_o also_o cut_v off_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o other_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n from_o the_o bud_n and_o by_o that_o part_n leave_v we_o hold_v the_o bud_n be_v take_v off_o the_o branch_n but_o leave_v not_o on_o the_o whole_a leaf_n and_o stalk_n as_o some_o do_v for_o the_o air_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o leaf_n extract_v and_o draw_v out_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o bud_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o so_o spoil_v it_o kind_n observe_v the_o kind_n then_o go_v to_o the_o plant_n you_o intend_v to_o inoculate_v which_o must_v be_v like_o as_o to_o the_o general_a kind_n with_o the_o bud_n that_o you_o intend_v to_o set_v on_o as_o aprecot_n bud_n and_o other_o plum-bud_n on_o plumstocks_n that_o be_v wild_a stock_n the_o white_a pear_n plum_n stock_n be_v account_v the_o best_a to_o inoculate_v aprecot_n bud_v on_o or_o other_o choice_a plum_n it_o be_v a_o plant_n full_a of_o sap_n and_o in_o choose_v bud_n or_o graft_n be_v sure_a always_o to_o cut_v they_o from_o those_o kind_n that_o experience_n show_v be_v good_a bear_v tree_n now_o in_o set_v on_o the_o bud_n first_o make_v a_o cross_n cut_v upon_o some_o smooth_a place_n of_o the_o stock_n if_o it_o be_v for_o a_o wall-tree_n then_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o thereabouts_o from_o the_o ground_n &_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cross_a cut_n make_v another_o straight_o down_o about_o a_o inch_n long_o or_o something_o less_o only_o through_o the_o bark_n and_o with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o penknife_n raise_v up_o the_o bark_n on_o both_o side_n as_o much_o as_o to_o let_v in_o the_o small_a bud_n then_o make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v the_o bud_n for_o a_o man_n must_v be_v quick_a at_o this_o work_n else_o the_o air_n by_o sudden_a dry_v the_o bud_n and_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n will_v much_o hurt_v cut_v the_o bark_n on_o both_o side_n the_o bud_n and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o bud_n and_o let_v that_o end_n which_o be_v to_o be_v downward_o be_v a_o little_a sharp_a that_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o go_v down_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o wood_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o throw_v away_o the_o bark_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n then_o with_o a_o quill_n the_o one_o half_o cut_v away_o or_o a_o pen_n of_o steel_n make_v thin_a for_o the_o purpose_n take_v off_o the_o bud_n and_o bark_n and_o be_v sure_a there_o be_v the_o root_n of_o
assist_v in_o the_o work_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o tree_n will_v stand_v in_o row_v every_o way_n this_o square_a once_o plant_v though_o but_o small_a at_o first_o may_v be_v enlarge_v every_o way_n as_o the_o ground_n permit_v or_o else_o the_o orchard_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n and_o yet_o the_o tree_n stand_v in_o a_o right_a line_n every_o way_n by_o this_o mean_n transplant_n a_o special_a rule_n in_o transplant_n in_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o tree_n consider_v what_o soil_n they_o come_v out_o of_o whether_o a_o fat_a and_o force_a soil_n as_o divers_a of_o the_o nursery_n about_o london_n or_o some_o ordinary_a natural_a soil_n if_o they_o come_v out_o of_o very_o good_a ground_n then_o procure_v as_o good_a or_o better_a if_o it_o may_v be_v have_v though_o but_o a_o little_a to_o lay_v next_o to_o their_o root_n when_o they_o be_v set_v again_o this_o shall_v always_o be_v observe_v to_o plant_v tree_n in_o as_o good_a or_o better_a soil_n be_v remove_v as_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v take_v for_o every_o thing_n in_o nature_n advance_v to_o the_o better_a it_o be_v grateful_a and_o beneficial_a to_o it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o worse_o it_o be_v a_o check_n and_o repulse_n to_o nature_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o if_o it_o be_v in_o any_o great_a degree_n it_o either_o much_o weaken_v it_o or_o quite_o destroy_v it_o therefore_o choose_v tree_n out_o of_o natural_a soil_n and_o the_o worse_o the_o better_a for_o the_o tree_n but_o if_o they_o must_v be_v have_v out_o of_o rich_a soil_n then_o be_v sure_a to_o procure_v some_o more_o or_o less_o of_o as_o good_a or_o better_a then_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o lay_v to_o their_o root_n when_o set_v again_o for_o want_v of_o observe_v this_o course_n many_o hundred_o of_o good_a plant_n have_v be_v lose_v from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o well_o order_v of_o young_a plant_n the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n of_o plant_v have_v a_o influence_n upon_o they_o many_o year_n which_o if_o neglect_v then_o the_o labour_n and_o diligence_n of_o many_o year_n after_o can_v countervail_v it_o the_o order_n of_o cattle_n while_o they_o be_v young_a either_o make_v or_o mar_v they_o so_o of_o tree_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o some_o proportion_n after_o they_o have_v well_o take_v root_n the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n they_o will_v then_o grow_v in_o ordinary_a soil_n the_o great_a danger_n be_v at_o first_o plant_v concern_v wall-tree_n wall-tree_n wall-tree_n the_o aprecot_n peach_n nectarine_n vine-tree_n etc._n etc._n these_o and_o such_o choice_a fruit-tree_n must_v be_v plant_v upon_o a_o south-wall_n if_o it_o may_v be_v the_o best_a next_o that_o i_o account_v the_o east-wall_n and_o the_o west_n not_o so_o good_a the_o north-wall_n be_v nothing_o worth_a as_o have_v no_o advantage_n by_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o other_o these_o tree_n be_v set_v as_o before_o be_v say_v they_o must_v be_v plaisht_v or_o spread_v upon_o the_o wall_n be_v young_a and_o so_o from_o year_n to_o year_n as_o they_o grow_v great_a with_o nail_n and_o lethers_n and_o as_o they_o grow_v large_a cut_v only_o some_o of_o the_o superfluous_a branch_n and_o twigg_n in_o the_o middle_a part_n but_o cut_v not_o the_o utmost_a side_n or_o top_n branch_n until_o they_o be_v spread_v as_o large_a as_o they_o shall_v spread_v and_o be_v sure_a to_o lead_v the_o main_a and_o big_a branch_n along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n both_o way_n and_o suffer_v they_o not_o to_o rise_v straight_o up_o as_o natural_o they_o will_v but_o correct_v nature_n by_o art_n wall-tree_n prune_n wall-tree_n wall-tree_n be_v grow_v as_o large_a as_o they_o may_v be_v permit_v must_v be_v prune_v from_o year_n to_o year_n first_o in_o summer_n second_o in_o winter_n about_o the_o end_n of_o june_n or_o middle_a of_o july_n the_o aprecot-tree_n especial_o will_v have_v put_v out_o many_o large_a shoot_n summer_n 1_o in_o summer_n some_o of_o which_o must_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o other_o spread_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n where_o there_o be_v room_n for_o they_o tie_v up_o as_o many_o as_o you_o can_v convenient_o with_o lethers_n and_o nail_n and_o cut_v the_o rest_n off_o that_o will_v not_o so_o well_o spread_v to_o the_o wall_n then_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o shears_n or_o hook_n or_o sharp_a prune_a knife_n cut_v all_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o tree_n even_o and_o smooth_a as_o may_v be_v and_o so_o cut_v and_o spread_v the_o branch_n as_o that_o the_o fruit_n which_o by_o that_o time_n will_v be_v grow_v towards_o their_o bigness_n may_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o refresh_v and_o ripen_v they_o winter_n 2_o in_o winter_n second_o towards_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n or_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o leave_n be_v fall_v off_o the_o branch_n that_o cross_a one_o another_o or_o be_v not_o well_o place_v may_v be_v rectify_v or_o any_o of_o the_o great_a bough_n which_o be_v grow_v old_a and_o have_v but_o few_o small_a branch_n upon_o they_o may_v be_v cut_v off_o which_o must_v not_o be_v cut_v off_o in_o summer_n time_n lest_o that_o too_o great_a and_o sudden_a obstruction_n of_o sap_n kill_v the_o whole_a tree_n but_o the_o cut_n of_o the_o small_a branch_n in_o summer_n be_v some_o small_a check_n and_o stop_v to_o the_o sap_n and_o hinder_v the_o excessive_a rise_n of_o it_o at_o that_o time_n which_o else_o will_v spend_v itself_o in_o large_a superfluous_a branch_n and_o so_o rob_v the_o fruit_n and_o beside_o as_o that_o cut_v conduce_v to_o the_o fairness_n and_o early_o ripen_v of_o the_o fruit_n so_o also_o it_o cause_v multitude_n of_o branch_n and_o bud_n for_o blossom_n the_o next_o spring_n but_o this_o winter_n prune_v be_v chief_o for_o the_o well_o order_v of_o the_o branch_n that_o can_v not_o be_v well_o place_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fruit_n &_o leave_n in_o sommer-time_n and_o for_o the_o cut_n off_o of_o great_a branch_n when_o need_n be_v it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n 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