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render_v live_a mortal_n dead_a since_o the_o perusal_n of_o this_o book_n who_o vein_n the_o rich_a gem_n of_o wisdom_n do_v contain_v i_o see_v wonder_v wonder_v dead_a i_o fall_v to_o view_v so_o much_o lock_v in_o so_o small_a a_o shell_n on_o the_o author_n what_o splendour_n can_v or_o jove_n or_o saturn_n add_v who_o borrow_v all_o to_o sol_n most_o rich_o clad_v in_o golden_a vestment_n to_o sol_fw-it who_o ray_n each_o morn_n foretell_v to_o all_o their_o halcyon_n day_n muse_n t'averre_v he_o want_v no_o praise_n what_o glory_n then_o dear_a muse_n i_o prithee_o tell_v to_o he_o who_o name_n subscribe_v show_v all_o be_v do_v well_o ought_v we_o to_o give_v to_o he_o who_o pregnant_a wit_n shall_v live_v while_o other_o may_n in_o silence_n sit_fw-la muse_n on_o earth_n there_o be_v none_o that_o be_v fit_a on_o earth_n there_o be_v none_o that_o be_v fit_a then_o soar_v the_o sky_n brave_a george_n who_o fame_n beyond_o the_o cloud_n do_v rise_v in_o spite_n of_o envy_n clog_n and_o do_v aspire_v heaven_n canopy_n beset_v around_o with_o fire_n thither_o thyself_o retire_v d._n jenner_n a._n b._n trin._n coll._n to_o his_o much_o respect_a friend_n mr_n george_n atwell_n upon_o his_o book_n of_o survey_v etc._n etc._n to_o dress_v my_o line_n in_o praise_n of_o thou_o my_o quill_n i_o will_v wish_v to_o dip_v where_o poet_n once_o do_v fill_v their_o verse_v pen_n who_o thought_n when_o they_o will_v rehearse_v like_o metal_n in_o a_o mould_n will_v run_v to_o verse_n i_o will_v show_v myself_o then_o gratefull_a to_o thou_o then_o these_o detract_n time_n can_v spiteful_a be_v here_o you_o the_o curtain_n draw_v and_o let_v we_o see_v the_o now-known_a worth_n of_o conceal_a mystery_n it_o be_v nature_n form_v the_o
earth_n give_v treasure_n but_o how_o to_o give_v the_o price_n and_o measure_n with_o line_n unparal_v the_o embroider_v ground_n to_z george_z alone_z his_o praise_v it_o must_v redound_v it_o be_v atwell_n get_v the_o start_n of_o fancy_n raise_v they_o at_o his_o publish_a work_n may_v stand_v amaze_v let_v all_o the_o book_n now_o view_n give_v she_o the_o praise_n that_o make_v the_o tool_n but_o reach_v to_o he_o the_o bay_n that_o be_v the_o artist_n and_o who_o undertake_v to_o make_v himself_o the_o author_n of_o this_o book_n to_o dissolve_v riddle_n make_v aenigmae_n plain_a which_o have_v require_v a_o oedipus_n his_o brain_n envy_n be_v go_v apollo_n be_v their_o guide_n to_o see_v what_o gordian_a knot_n be_v here_o unty'de_v and_o couch_v handsome_o what_o may_v in_o short_a please_v both_o the_o learned_a and_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n h._n rich_a a._n b._n coll._n gon._n &_o caii_n the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n in_o the_o faithful_a surveyour_fw-mi chap._n i._o of_o error_n in_o land-measure_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o make_v and_o keep_v the_o field-book_n and_o measure_v pasture_n by_o the_o plain-table_n page_n 7_o chap._n iii_o how_o to_o set_v down_o your_o note_n in_o your_o field-book_n and_o to_o draw_v your_o station-line_n by_o the_o plain-table_n page_n 9_o chap._n iv._o of_o plot_v at_o home_n and_o of_o several_a way_n page_n 23_o chap._n v._o of_o calculation_n or_o cast_v up_o page_n 25_o chap._n vi_o of_o measure_v a_o wood._n page_n 29_o chap._n vii_o of_o divide_v or_o lay_v out_o of_o ground_n page_n 29_o chap._n viii_o to_o measure_v arable-common-field-land_n page_n 31_o chap._n ix_o of_o hilly_a ground_n page_n 32_o chap._n x._o of_o reduce_v a_o plot_n from_o a_o great_a to_o a_o lesser_a page_n 37_o chap._n xi_o of_o measure_v pasture-ground_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o and_o that_o as_o speedy_o and_o exact_o as_o with_o any_o instrument_n whatsoever_o and_o with_o less_o help_n though_o in_o misty_a weather_n and_o to_o plot_n shut_v and_o prove_v the_o plot_n thereby_o also_o page_n 39_o chap._n xii_o to_o measure_v a_o wood_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o page_n 43_o chap._n xiii_o of_o take_v distance_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o page_n 46_o chap._n fourteen_o to_o take_v the_o declination_n of_o any_o straight_a upright_a wall_n for_o dial_v by_o the_o chain_n only_o page_n 48_o chap._n xv._n of_o colour_v and_o beautify_v of_o plot_n page_n 52_o chap._n xvi_o to_o measure_v all_o manner_n of_o ground_n by_o the_o pandoron_n or_o any_o other_o graduate_v instrument_n page_n 53_o chap._n xvii_o in_o measure_v by_o graduated_a instrument_n to_o know_v if_o your_o plot_n will_v shut_v or_o no._n page_n 57_o chap._n xviii_o to_o take_v terrestrial_a distance_n by_o the_o plain-table_n or_o pandoron_n as_o by_o the_o table_n page_n 58_o chap._n xix_o to_o do_v the_o like_a by_o the_o pandoron_n as_o it_o be_v a_o quadrant_n or_o by_o any_o graduated_a instrument_n page_n 58_o chap._n xx._n of_o take_v altitude_n and_o distance_n celestial_a by_o the_o pandoron_n or_o quadrant_n page_n 61_o chap._n xxi_o of_o take_v altitude_n terrestrial_a by_o the_o quadrant_n page_n 63_o chap._n xxii_o of_o take_v altitude_n terrestrial_a by_o the_o quadrant_n or_o pandoron_n page_n 66_o chap._n xxiii_o to_o take_v the_o situation_n of_o a_o place_n for_o a_o dial_n with_o the_o declination_n and_o reclination_n thereof_o by_o the_o pandoron_n page_n 71_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o convey_v water_n page_n 76_o chap._n xxv_o of_o instrument_n for_o convey_v water_n &_o their_o use_n page_n 82_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o flow_v of_o ground_n page_n 8â—_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o drayn_v of_o ground_n page_n 88_o chap._n xxviii_o to_o cleanse_v a_o ditch_n whether_o it_o be_v full_a of_o flag_n or_o mud_n and_o not_o empty_a out_o the_o water_n page_n 93_o chap._n xxix_o of_o cleanse_v a_o pond_n six_o or_o seven_o pole_n broad_a be_v grow_v over_o with_o a_o coat_n of_o weed_n that_o it_o will_v near_o bear_v one_o without_o abate_v the_o water_n page_n 93_o chap._n xxx_o of_o cleanse_v water_n page_n 94_o chap._n xxxi_o of_o quench_v a_o house_n on_o fire_n page_n 95_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o keep_v a_o fire_n light_a all_o night_n without_o a_o farthing_n charge_n page_n 99_o chap._n xxxiii_o of_o lay_v down_o of_o ground_n for_o pasture_n page_n 100_o chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o rich_a ground_n page_n 102_o chap._n xxxv_o of_o enrich_v lean_a ground_n page_n 104_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o plant_v willow_n page_n 110_o chap._n xxxvii_o of_o reduce_v wood-land_n to_o statute-measure_n and_o statute_n to_o wood-land_n page_n 111_o chap._n xxxviii_o to_o find_v any_o scale_n that_o a_o plot_n be_v make_v by_o the_o content_a be_v know_v page_n 112_o chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o make_v a_o index_n or_o table_n whereby_o ready_o to_o find_v out_o any_o ground_n that_o ever_o you_o have_v measure_v and_o to_o tell_v the_o quantity_n of_o they_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o and_o draw_v a_o plot_n of_o they_o without_o go_v again_o into_o the_o field_n page_n 113_o the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n in_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o faithful_a surveyour_fw-mi chap._n i._o of_o make_v the_o rule_n page_n 116_o chap._n ii_o of_o measure_v of_o board_n by_o the_o rule_n page_n 121_o chap._n iii_o of_o make_v of_o a_o table_n of_o timber-measure_n for_o square_a timber_n to_o make_v the_o scale_n of_o square_a timber-measure_n by_o as_o also_o the_o under-measure_n page_n 123_o chap._n iv._o of_o measure_v solid_n as_o stone_n timber_n etc._n etc._n and_o first_o of_o square_a timber_n page_n 125_o chap._n v._o of_o round_a timber_n page_n 127_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o proof_n of_o these_o scale_n by_o arithmetical_a calculation_n page_n 129_o chap._n vii_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o place_v these_o upon_o the_o rule_n page_n 130_o chap._n viii_o of_o taper-timber_n whether_o conical_a or_o pyramidal_a page_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o make_n of_o four_o other_o line_n on_o the_o flat-side_n etc._n etc._n page_n 139_o addenda_fw-la &_o emendanda_fw-la gentle_a reader_n i_o desire_v thou_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o my_o addition_n and_o emendation_n before_o thou_o read_v my_o book_n g._n a._n page_n 9_o l._n 8._o for_o first_o read_v where_o page_n 14._o line_n 12._o put_v out_o noâ—_n page_n 21._o for_o subtendent_o cx_o 674_o and_o 756._o which_o be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o three_o column_n sâ—t_v they_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o column_n p._n 27._o against_o line_n 21_o etc._n etc._n set_v in_o the_o margin_n to_o bring_v link_n into_o acre_n and_o pole_n p._n 28._o l._n 5._o for_o 7._o read_v 77._o p._n 36._o l._n 23._o after_o quadrant_a read_v book_n or_o pasteboard_n p._n 37._o l._n 2._o read_v tran_v viz._n from_o the_o line_n draw_v p._n 42_o l._n 10._o for_o be_v r._n in_o and_o line_n 15._o likewise_o you_o may_v and_o l._n 33._o r._n to_o the_o line_n p._n 43._o l._n 11._o r._n a_o spinny_n of_o wood_n p_o 45._o l._n 21._o r._n save_v only_o if_o in_o measure_v you_o have_v any_o sorry_a bind_v book_n or_o past-beard_n and_o against_o line_n 23._o write_v how_o to_o set_v out_o a_o perpendicular_a into_o a_o angle_n with_o the_o chain_n only_o p._n 57_o l._n 28._o for_o mark_n r._n work_n p._n 63._o l._n 19_o r._n the_o whole_a angle_n b._n p._n 64._o l._n 10._o r._n a_o i_o find_v and_o l._n 13._o at_o d_o i_o find_v p._n 65._o l._n 7._o for_o 10_o r._n 16._o and_o l._n 11._o &_o l._n 13_o for_o l._n r._n lin_v p._n 69._o l._n 12._o for_o edge_n r._n eye_n and_o l._n 29._o r._n 100_o of_o the_o quadrate_n p._n 70._o l._n 34_o for_o you_o r._n i._o p._n 72._o l._n 9_o for_o declination_n r._n the_o angle_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o sun_n p._n 73._o l._n 10_o put_v out_o as_o the_o radius_fw-la to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n great_a declination_n 23.31_o and_o write_v it_o thus_o as_o radius_fw-la to_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n great_a declination_n 23_o 31._o so_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o sum_n distance_n from_o the_o near_a equator_fw-la to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o declination_n desire_v 10_o 4_o p._n 74._o there_o be_v a_o better_a figure_n in_o pag._n 51._o p._n 78._o the_o commae_n shall_v be_v leave_v out_o and_o l._n 10._o for_o line_n r._n time_n p._n 85._o l._n 33._o r._n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o l._n 36._o r._n seriles_fw-la p_o 96._o l._n 29._o for_o tre-sole_a r._n trefoot_a p._n 112._o l._n 20._o for_o 32_o 82_o r._n 23_o 82._o in_o the_o appendix_n page_n 130._o line_n 12._o for_o square_a read_v stroke_n l._n 15._o distinguish_v at_o three_o at_o l._n 16._o at_o that_o l._n 25._o for_o sin_n r._n
straight_a line_n to_o the_o further_a side_n of_o the_o ground_n you_o be_v in_o both_o on_o your_o left_a hand_n and_o on_o your_o right_n so_o that_o you_o touch_v not_o upon_o the_o hedge_n nor_o encumber_v yourself_o with_o wood_n bush_n house_n nor_o water_n though_o you_o be_v drive_v to_o go_v nine_o or_o ten_o pole_n off_o at_o one_o end_n and_o but_o nine_o or_o ten_o link_n at_o the_o other_o whatsoever_o other_o bid_v you_o always_o go_v parallel_n to_o the_o hedge_n regard_v it_o not_o for_o if_o you_o do_v so_o you_o shall_v have_v work_n enough_o till_o wednesday_n what_o will_v these_o man_n do_v when_o they_o come_v at_o hockley-brook_a it_o will_v hold_v they_o a_o week_n to_o measure_v a_o furlong_n straight_o and_o they_o have_v no_o way_n leave_v but_o only_o to_o equal_v one_o place_n with_o another_o by_o ghuess_n neither_o alas_o poor_a man_n do_v they_o know_v which_o way_n to_o go_v about_o to_o plot_v it_o whereby_o though_o they_o do_v hit_v the_o true_a 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or_o the_o mark_v you_o stand_v on_o and_o close_o to_o it_o on_o the_o same_o side_n write_z o_o signify_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o line_n then_o if_o you_o intend_v to_o go_v contra_fw-la solemn_a measure_v how_o many_o link_n be_v to_o the_o hedge_n or_o ditch_n on_o your_o right_a hand_n and_o set_v they_o down_o right_o against_o a_o on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o line_n so_o all_o your_o length_n as_o you_o go_v in_o the_o station-line_n must_v be_v set_v down_o on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o that_o downright_a line_n and_o all_o the_o breadth_n on_o the_o right_a side_n yet_o before_o you_o go_v forward_o you_o must_v know_v these_o several_a thing_n prolegomena_n first_o that_o always_o a_o ditch_n must_v be_v measure_v with_o that_o ground_n on_o which_o the_o hedge_n stand_v second_o that_o you_o never_o need_v set_v up_o your_o table_n at_o a_o unless_o there_o be_v another_o close_a adjoin_v which_o you_o be_v also_o to_o measure_n nor_o yet_o at_o the_o last_o 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ground_n of_o nine_o or_o ten_o acre_n for_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n be_v ten_o acre_n yet_o all_o of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v overflow_v so_o that_o if_o you_o bestow_v any_o great_a cost_n we_o may_v say_v materiam_fw-la superabit_fw-la opusâ—_n yet_o this_o i_o have_v see_v in_o one_o of_o these_o dry_a year_n in_o a_o meadow_n near_o hartford_n that_o one_o man_n have_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o the_o river_n flow_v it_o make_v five_o pound_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o his_o first_o crop_n where_o his_o neighbour_n make_v scarce_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n of_o the_o ground_n adjoin_v although_o natural_o in_o other_o year_n before_o as_o good_a yet_o this_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o land-floud_n for_o these_o partake_v of_o a_o slimy_a and_o muddy_a substance_n be_v bring_v into_o meadow_n or_o pasture_n in_o the_o spring_n either_o by_o drain_v dam_n turn_v of_o town-ditche_n sewer_n highway_n street_n filth_n do_v both_o moisten_v and_o fat_v they_o whereas_o the_o river-water_n fat_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o virgil_n have_v it_o huc_fw-la summis_fw-la liquuntur_fw-la rupibus_fw-la amnes_fw-la decliuémque_fw-la trahunt_fw-la limum_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n et_fw-la cum_fw-la exustus_fw-la agre_z morientibus_fw-la aestuat_fw-la herbis_fw-la ecce_fw-la supercilio_fw-la clivosi_fw-la tramitis_fw-la undam_fw-la elicit_v illa_fw-la cadens_fw-la raucum_fw-la per_fw-la levia_fw-la murmur_v saxa_n ciet_fw-la scatebrÃsque_fw-la carentia_fw-la temperate_a arva_fw-la and_o do_v not_o all_o the_o world_n know_v how_o the_o river_n nilus_n fat_v with_o his_o slime_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o egypt_n but_o now_o have_v by_o drain_v and_o dam_n bring_v your_o water_n to_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o you_o will_v slow_v you_o shall_v cut_v a_o little_a trench_n as_o level_a as_o you_o can_v ghuess_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o in_o your_o ground_n let_v not_o be_v above_o nine_o 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the_o water_n to_o follow_v you_o as_o you_o go_v to_o the_o further-side_n of_o the_o ground_n then_o according_a as_o the_o ground_n fall_v you_o may_v make_v a_o cross-trench_n one_o or_o more_o in_o the_o middle_n or_o at_o end_n four_o or_o five_o pole_n downward_o and_o at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o pole_n make_v trench_n the_o same_o way_n you_o do_v at_o the_o first_o till_o you_o have_v do_v so_o that_o you_o shall_v need_v no_o water-level_n for_o this_o work_n unless_o perhaps_o you_o need_v it_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v come_v to_o the_o ground_n or_o no._n if_o you_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o over_o some_o ditch_n or_o brook_n where_o the_o water_n be_v low_a than_o your_o water-way_n then_o must_v you_o either_o make_v a_o bridge_n over_o it_o or_o else_o shoot_v four_o board_n and_o nail_n they_o together_o and_o make_v a_o trough_n which_o may_v lie_v both_o under_o the_o ditch_n and_o through_o the_o mound_n of_o the_o ditch_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o drayn_v of_o 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you_o may_v make_v a_o broad_a point_n than_o on_o stone_n or_o gravel_n but_o howsoever_o let_v there_o be_v a_o whole_a pan_n and_o a_o finne-share_n thus_o if_o you_o will_v make_v any_o new_a drain_v ditch_n for_o quick-setting_a brook_n or_o river_n first_o set_v up_o your_o mark_n at_o each_o nine_o or_o ten_o pole_n on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o rider_n to_o guide_v on_o the_o horse_n then_o plough_v once_o all_o over_o that_o breadth_n and_o throw_v out_o the_o mould_n then_o set_v your_o horse_n single_a and_o with_o any_o other_o light_a plough_n plough_v again_o and_o throw_v out_o till_o you_o be_v deep_a enough_o thus_o may_v you_o do_v more_o in_o a_o hour_n then_o in_o three_o day_n otherwise_o likewise_o i_o have_v know_v divers_a highway_n where_o one_o furlong_n have_v abut_v upon_o they_o and_o another_o run_v long-wise_a by_o the_o side_n of_o it_o where_o the_o way_n have_v not_o be_v above_o a_o pole_n broad_a that_o the_o plough_n continual_o carry_v out_o mould_v upon_o it_o have_v so_o raise_v that_o linsy-side_n that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o linsy_n that_o not_o a_o load_a cart_n have_v go_v on_o it_o in_o harvest_n or_o hay_n time_n since_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o most_o necessary_a harvest-way_n this_o have_v i_o mend_v and_o make_v level_a with_o my_o own_o plough_n and_o i_o own_o people_n in_o two_o hour_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n together_o and_o the_o like_a have_v i_o do_v to_o raise_v a_o roadway_n in_o the_o middle_n by_o plough_v and_o throw_v up_o both_o side_n also_o i_o have_v know_v one_o mr._n field_n of_o aspley-bury_a in_o shidlington_n parish_n in_o bedfordshire_n who_o there_o with_o his_o plough_n make_v a_o large_a moat_n only_o by_o plough_v and_o throw_v out_o the_o mould_n and_o make_v a_o ware_n for_o the_o horse_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o the_o same_o man_n also_o be_v at_o a_o especial_a friend_n house_n in_o hartfordshire_n his_o advice_n be_v request_v about_o cleanse_v of_o a_o 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wood_n he_o make_v a_o plough_n who_o neck_n and_o handle_n be_v both_o one_o piece_n with_o this_o plough_n he_o blow_v this_o ground_n and_o never_o dig_v at_o all_o only_o he_o have_v two_o follow_v he_o with_o mattock_n that_o if_o the_o plough_n be_v hang_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o great_a root_n that_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o break_v it_o than_o they_o cut_v it_o in_o sunder_o and_o last_o one_o exploit_n more_o be_v by_o a_o plough_n do_v by_o mr._n taverner_n of_o hexton_n in_o hartfordshire_n esquire_n lord_n of_o the_o town_n who_o because_o their_o highway_n to_o luton-market_n be_v up_o a_o extreme_a steep_a hill_n for_o two_o or_o three_o furlong_n space_n and_o oftentime_o both_o in_o frost_n and_o rain_n so_o exceed_o slippery_a a_o horse_n can_v scarce_o stand_v be_v all_o a_o rock_n of_o hurlock_n get_v a_o plough_n and_o the_o neighbour_n willing_o bear_v he_o company_n they_o plough_v about_o in_o a_o spiral_n line_n and_o so_o plough_v furrow_n after_o 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common_o tread_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o stop_v up_o the_o water_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v it_o get_v good_a oaken_a timber_n hew_v two_o side_n of_o each_o piece_n which_o let_v it_o be_v eleven_o or_o twelve_o inch_n diameter_n slit_v these_o in_o the_o middle_n let_v they_o be_v two_o or_o three_o foot_n long_o than_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o ditch_n lay_v they_o edge_n to_o edge_n the_o saw_v side_n upward_o nail_n ledge_v on_o the_o outside_n and_o lay_v gravel_n or_o earth_n on_o the_o top_n and_o stop_v up_o with_o bush_n or_o ditch_n up_o or_o both_o the_o old_a go_v over_o for_o bog_n and_o quagmire_n these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n come_v of_o spew_a spring_n that_o be_v in_o a_o vein_n most_o common_o of_o gravel_n near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o draw_v still_o more_o upward_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o else_o in_o such_o place_n as_o former_o have_v be_v all_o water_n as_o the_o fen_n sometime_o have_v be_v and_o so_o grow_v of_o weed_n at_o first_o they_o rot_v have_v turn_v to_o earth_n and_o the_o crop_n thereof_o every_o year_n turn_v to_o earth_n in_o process_n of_o time_n swell_v and_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o great_a height_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a river_n former_o navigable_a now_o quite_o grow_v up_o i_o have_v see_v in_o maldon-moor_n the_o root_n of_o two_o willow-tree_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o drain_v about_o a_o yard_n deep_a in_o moorish-ground_n within_o three_o pole_n of_o the_o firm_a ground_n where_o one_o may_v see_v the_o stroke_n of_o the_o axe_n that_o fell_v they_o to_o this_o day_n this_o ground_n about_o be_v excellent_a good_a turf_n and_o on_o a_o sudden_a perfect_a sound_n and_o so_o all_o along_o for_o twenty_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o some_o place_n 30_o 40_o 50_o 60_o pole_n wide_a it_o be_v good_a turf-ground_n which_o make_v i_o judge_v all_o be_v a_o navigable_a river_n in_o time_n past_a as_o also_o the_o town_n name_n border_v upon_o it_o as_o temsford-island_n seaford_n fleet-haven_n and_o fleetwick_n second_o one_o william_n quayt_v of_o maldon_n who_o yet_o be_v or_o late_o be_v live_v plough_v up_o a_o anchor_n in_o a_o field_n call_v wickham-field_n adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n three_o there_o be_v evident_a mention_n of_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n at_o a_o place_n call_v bedlow_n situate_v upon_o a_o firm_a rock_n of_o hard_a red_a stone_n hard_a by_o this_o moor-side_n and_o now_o it_o grow_v daily_o more_o solid_a by_o drain_n and_o i_o persuade_v myself_o will_v ere_o long_o come_v to_o be_v firm_a pasture_n yet_o i_o do_v full_o persuade_v myself_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v so_o profitable_a then_o to_o the_o owner_n as_o now_o it_o be_v i_o remember_v before_o cut_v of_o turf_n be_v know_v a_o man_n may_v have_v buy_v in_o westoning-moore_n in_o bedfordshire_n a_o acre_n of_o meadow_n the_o free_a state_n for_o ten_o shilling_n nay_o it_o be_v so_o bad_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n know_v his_o own_o they_o so_o little_o regard_v it_o yet_o since_o they_o have_v make_v forty_o pound_n of_o a_o acre_n and_o yet_o have_v their_o ground_n still_o which_o in_o 30_o or_o 40_o year_n they_o make_v as_o much_o more_o now_o if_o your_o bog_n be_v so_o tender_a that_o one_o can_v go_v on_o they_o then_o at_o the_o upper_a part_n where_o it_o first_o rise_v make_v a_o large_a &_o deep_a ditch_n so_o deep_a that_o it_o may_v be_v low_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o spring_n by_o a_o foot_n or_o two_o this_o convey_v so_o that_o no_o water_n may_v stand_v in_o the_o ditch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o spring_n may_v so_o be_v cut_v off_o make_v a_o ditch_n though_o not_o so_o big_a round_o about_o and_o when_o it_o have_v drain_v thus_o a_o while_n that_o you_o can_v go_v upon_o it_o then_o dig_v drain_v with_o turf-spade_n askew_o up_o the_o hill_n as_o deep_a as_o you_o can_v and_o some_o twenty_o foot_n asunder_o and_o thus_o in_o short_a space_n you_o may_v have_v either_o good_a turf-ground_n or_o hop-ground_n or_o orchard_n or_o pasture_n at_o your_o pleasure_n chap._n xxviii_o to_o cleanse_v a_o ditch_n whether_o it_o be_v full_a of_o flag_n or_o mud_n and_o not_o empty_a out_o the_o water_n if_o it_o be_v full_a of_o weed_n get_v a_o drag_v or_o dung-rake_a with_o three_o tooth_n and_o drag_v out_o the_o weed_n likewise_o for_o the_o mud_n get_v a_o mud-pan_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o back_n of_o a_o armour_n make_v a_o socket_n and_o slit_v the_o little_a end_n fork_v and_o flat_o it_o and_o spread_v it_o four_o or_o six_o inch_n and_o rivet_v it_o on_o the_o plate_n then_o rivet_v another_o round_a piece_n both_o close_a by_o the_o socket_n and_o also_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o plate_n to_o strengthen_v the_o fork_n set_v it_o come_v towards_o you_o as_o your_o dragâ—rake_n do_v then_o if_o there_o be_v much_o mud_n draw_v out_o some_o of_o it_o first_o all_o along_o the_o ditch_n and_o when_o that_o be_v hard_a so_o that_o you_o can_v go_v upon_o it_o then_o draw_v out_o more_o thus_o may_v you_o go_v to_o it_o when_o you_o will_v and_o leave_v when_o you_o will_v without_o dress_v you_o or_o damn_v the_o water_n and_o thus_o one_o man_n will_v draw_v out_o as_o much_o in_o a_o hour_n as_o three_o man_n will_v throw_v out_o with_o scopet_n chap._n xxix_o of_o cleanse_v a_o pond_n six_o or_o seven_o pole_n broad_a be_v grow_v over_o with_o a_o coat_n of_o weed_n that_o it_o will_v near_o bear_v one_o without_o abate_v the_o water_n you_o shall_v for_o this_o purpose_n get_v a_o boat_n and_o a_o haling-line_n good_a store_n of_o drag_n cutting-knive_n of_o both_o sort_n such_o
yet_o in_o the_o low_a level_a ground_n it_o be_v infinite_o more_o commodious_a for_o pasture_n in_o summer_n that_o the_o three_o year_n crop_n of_o grass_n without_o any_o charge_n at_o all_o be_v more_o worth_a than_o your_o two_o crop_n of_o grain_n with_o all_o your_o two_o year_n seed_n your_o dung_n and_o carriage_n and_o five_o or_o six_o plowing_n harrowing_n rolling_n and_o weeding_n but_o you_o will_v say_v ground_n be_v long_o in_o grass_v and_o i_o be_o but_o a_o tenant_n and_o have_v but_o a_o short_a time_n in_o my_o lease_n when_o i_o have_v make_v it_o fit_a for_o another_o my_o landlord_n will_v turn_v i_o out_o or_o make_v i_o pay_v more_o rend_v this_o i_o confess_v be_v something_o and_o in_o some_o case_n may_v serve_v for_o a_o answer_n but_o yet_o upon_o this_o condition_n thy_o landlord_n will_v renew_v thy_o lease_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n if_o he_o be_v wise_a and_o then_o you_o be_v well_o enough_o for_o whereas_o you_o say_v it_o it_o long_o in_o grass_v that_o be_v remedy_v with_o one_o year_n charge_n of_o arable_a for_o if_o thou_o first_o plough_v it_o and_o lay_v it_o flat_o and_o with_o as_o few_o furrow_n as_o may_v be_v about_o november_n and_o then_o dung_n it_o then_o plough_v it_o again_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n still_o lay_v it_o flat_a and_o fill_v up_o the_o furrow_n then_o sow_v it_o with_o hay-dust_n or_o chaff-dust_n which_o every_o horsekeeper_n if_o they_o be_v speak_v to_o about_o michaelmas_n before_o will_v for_o a_o trifle_n save_v for_o you_o on_o purpose_n if_o you_o harrow_v in_o this_o you_o shall_v have_v a_o crop_n of_o grass_n at_o midsummer_n will_v be_v worth_a 30_o or_o 40_o shilling_n a_o acre_n and_o still_o be_v better_a and_o better_o but_o by_o all_o mean_n plough_v in_o your_o dung_n i_o have_v lay_v some_o in_o that_o manner_n and_o some_o i_o have_v dung_v above_o ground_n three_o time_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o be_v comparable_a to_o the_o other_o yet_o but_o a_o furrow_n of_o a_o plough_n between_o and_o both_o lay_v down_o 40_o year_n ago_o and_o by_o no_o mean_n lay_v down_o any_o ground_n that_o be_v wear_v out_o of_o heart_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n if_o ever_o thou_o get_v good_a grass_n of_o it_o in_o 40_o year_n i_o will_v never_o be_v trust_v unless_o thou_o dung_n it_o extraordinary_o and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o do_v rather_o this_o do_v if_o it_o be_v enclosure_n take_v nothing_o but_o the_o mow_v crop_n for_o divers_a year_n together_o and_o so_o do_v that_o crop_n will_v be_v more_o worth_a than_o two_o whole_a year_n crop_v take_v as_o ordinary_o i_o speak_v all_o this_o of_o my_o own_o experience_n upon_o my_o own_o ground_n but_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v of_o and_o in_o part_n see_v another_o sort_n of_o speedy_a grass_n which_o be_v this_o they_o sow_v their_o ground_n with_o seed_n of_o claver-grass_n a_o very_a small_a quantity_n on_o a_o acre_n and_o in_o some_o place_n they_o mow_v it_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n yet_o never_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o whether_o they_o plough_v it_o or_o not_o i_o can_v just_o tell_v i_o think_v not_o thus_o i_o have_v see_v at_o maddingley_n three_o mile_n from_o cambridge_n they_o save_v their_o common_a fallow_a field_n till_o midsummer_n and_o then_o have_v a_o exceed_a crop_n of_o claver_fw-la and_o then_o fallow_a but_o whether_o they_o sow_v for_o each_o crop_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o mustardseed_n that_o need_v never_o be_v sow_v but_o once_o though_o the_o ground_n have_v lie_v sward_o 40_o year_n before_o i_o know_v not_o but_o you_o will_v say_v you_o perhaps_o be_v common-field_n if_o you_o shall_v lay_v it_o sward_o you_o shall_v lay_v it_o for_o other_o folk_n and_o what_o of_o that_o if_o you_o have_v more_o benefit_n that_o way_n than_o you_o have_v before_o never_o grudge_v at_o it_o though_o other_o take_v a_o part_n 2_o thou_o shall_v take_v part_n with_o other_o of_o it_o as_o they_o do_v with_o thou_o and_o in_o most_o place_n one_o acre_n of_o sward_n have_v as_o good_a right_n of_o common_a as_o three_o or_o in_o some_o place_n five_o acre_n of_o arable_a have_v 3_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o other_o see_v thy_o good_a and_o speedy_a success_n will_v soon_o second_v thou_o and_o then_o thou_o shall_v have_v as_o good_a benefit_n of_o he_o as_o he_o have_v of_o thou_o ob._n but_o if_o every_o one_o shall_v lay_v sward_o that_o will_v how_o shall_v we_o do_v for_o bread_n i_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o say_v i_o will_v have_v every_o one_o that_o list_n shall_v lay_v down_o for_o sward_n but_o this_o i_o say_v i_o will_v have_v all_o ground_n turn_v to_o the_o most_o advantage_n first_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o of_o the_o owner_n i_o will_v not_o have_v such_o ground_n as_o will_v bear_v two_o or_o three_o load_n of_o as_o good_a hay_n as_o ever_o beast_n eat_v turn_v to_o arable_a when_o the_o next_o acre_n to_o it_o be_v sow_v some_o year_n have_v scarce_o yield_v the_o seed_n again_o where_o a_o ordinary_a acre_n of_o pasture_n be_v worth_a 50_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o the_o best_a arable_a not_o above_o 8_o shilling_n for_o as_o for_o a_o acre_n of_o sward_n though_o it_o be_v worth_a but_o 20_o shilling_n to_o the_o owner_n yet_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v worth_a 30_o shilling_n the_o after-pasture_n where_o it_o be_v reckon_v at_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o rent_n with_o we_o at_o cambridge_n far_o more_o and_o that_o be_v not_o lose_v it_o do_v not_o vanish_v into_o air_n and_o though_o the_o master_n get_v it_o not_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v and_o how_o will_v luton_n and_o hitch_v do_v for_o hay_n be_v it_o not_o for_o pullox-hill_n gravenhurst_n or_o how_o will_v cambridge_n do_v be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o fen_n yea_o i_o have_v know_v that_o hay_n have_v be_v carry_v out_o of_o bedfordshire_n to_o london_n thirty_o five_o mile_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o drive_v fat_a cattle_n a_o hundred_o mile_n then_o to_o carry_v corn_n forty_o by_o land_n neither_o will_v i_o have_v chiltern-ground_n turn_v to_o pasture_n because_o there_o a_o acre_n of_o arable_a be_v more_o worth_a than_o a_o acre_n of_o pasture_n yet_o certain_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o general_o there_o be_v more_o want_n of_o pasture_n in_o england_n then_o of_o arable_a for_o that_o we_o have_v daily_o fat_a cattle_n bring_v out_o of_o ireland_n and_o scotland_n but_o never_o any_o go_v out_o but_o where_o grain_n come_v in_o once_o it_o go_v out_o ten_o time_n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o rich_a ground_n for_o a_o general_a fat_a soil_n and_o such_o as_o be_v good_a for_o all_o thing_n or_o at_o least_o most_o thing_n both_o grass_n and_o grain_n for_o indeed_o no_o ground_n be_v fit_a for_o all_o thing_n non_fw-la omnis_fw-la fert_fw-la omne_fw-la tellus_fw-la the_o black_a ground_n of_o a_o good_a deep_a staple_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o gravel_n or_o sand_n be_v not_o unworthy_o commend_v of_o the_o poet_n lib._n 3._o georgic_n pinguis_fw-la item_n quae_fw-la sit_fw-la tellus_fw-la hoc_fw-la denique_fw-la pacto_fw-la discimus_fw-la haud_fw-la unquam_fw-la manibus_fw-la jactata_fw-la fatiscit_fw-la sed_fw-la picis_fw-la in_o morem_fw-la ad_fw-la digitos_fw-la lentescit_fw-la habendo_fw-la humida_fw-la majores_fw-la herbas_fw-la alit_fw-la ipsáque_fw-la justo_fw-la laetiorâ—_n ah_o nimiùm_fw-la nè_fw-la sit_fw-la mihi_fw-la fertilis_fw-la illa_fw-la neu_n see_v praevalidam_n primis_fw-la ostentet_fw-la aristis_fw-la for_o this_o we_o commend_v ailesbury_a and_o some_o extol_v as_o high_o earth_n that_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n as_o the_o ground_n about_o armagh_n in_o ireland_n which_o some_o report_n have_v have_v no_o manner_n of_o manure_v since_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n i_o know_v some_o such_o black_a ground_n in_o pullox-hill_n aforesaid_a but_o i_o know_v no_o such_o red_a virgil_n also_o say_v that_o if_o you_o dig_v a_o deep_a hole_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o again_o if_o you_o can_v tread_v in_o the_o earth_n again_o than_o it_o be_v rich_a arable_a ground_n 2._o georgiâ—_n altéque_fw-la jubebis_fw-la in_o solido_fw-la puteum_fw-la demitti_fw-la omnémque_fw-la repones_fw-la rursus_fw-la humum_fw-la &_o pedibus_fw-la summas_fw-la aequabis_fw-la arenas_fw-la si_fw-mi deerunt_fw-la rarum_fw-la pecorÃque_fw-la &_o vitibus_fw-la almis_fw-la aptius_fw-la uber_fw-la erit_fw-la sin_n in_o sua_fw-la posse_fw-la negabunt_fw-la ire_fw-la loca_fw-la &_o scrobibus_fw-la superabit_fw-la terra_fw-la repletis_fw-la spissus_fw-la agre_z glebas_fw-la cunctantes_fw-la crassáque_fw-la terga_fw-la expecta_fw-la &_o validis_fw-la terram_fw-la prosciâ—de_fw-la juvencis_fw-la also_o a_o sweet_a smell_n after_o the_o first_o rain_n or_o a_o drought_n or_o after_o new_a plough_v be_v a_o token_n of_o
yet_o fold_v your_o sward_n if_o not_o your_o sward_n remote_a from_o the_o hedge_n yet_o at_o lest_o your_o hedg-row_n it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o land-meter_n to_o give_v the_o quantity_n or_o mensuration_n but_o the_o office_n of_o a_o surveyour_fw-mi to_o acquint_o you_o with_o all_o mean_n of_o melioration_n horn-shaving_n now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o rag_n and_o horn-shaving_n it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a the_o odds_o of_o a_o acre_n of_o the_o best_a barley_n in_o hitching-parish_n fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o twenty_o year_n ago_o and_o all_o by_o buy_v rag_n and_o horn-shaving_n at_o london_n carry_v up_o malt_n and_o bring_v they_o down_o all_o the_o year_n long_o as_o for_o their_o rag_n they_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o land_n and_o lay_v they_o on_o heap_n like_o dung_n heap_n but_o not_o so_o big_a then_o chap_v they_o in_o piece_n on_o a_o stick_n with_o a_o hand-bill_n and_o then_o plough_v they_o in_o and_o these_o and_o horn-shaving_n endure_v a_o longwhile_n and_o have_v so_o mend_v their_o soil_n thereby_o that_o whereas_o about_o fifty_o year_n ago_o a_o acre_n of_o their_o barley_n be_v not_o above_o three_o pound_n ten_o or_o four_o pound_n the_o best_a now_o about_o twenty_o year_n ago_o i_o be_v request_v to_o measure_v two_o acre_n of_o barley_n in_o a_o field_n call_v kings-field_n in_o hitching-parish_n that_o the_o very_a crop_n of_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o nine_o pound_n a_o acre_n by_o the_o statute-pole_n malt-dust_n also_o be_v little_a inferior_a to_o pigeon-dung_n also_o lime_n &c_n five_o or_o six_o quarter_n to_o a_o acre_n ash_n of_o all_o sort_n chalk_n for_o all_o red_a ground_n both_o arable_a and_o sward_o scour_v of_o old_a ditch_n good_a for_o all_o white_a ground_n and_o clay_n also_o marl_n of_o pond_n where_o sink_v of_o yard_n run_v into_o they_o but_o in_o a_o spring_n or_o run_v water_n though_o the_o mud_n look_v never_o so_o black_a there_o be_v no_o heart_n in_o it_o except_o holpen_v by_o land-floud_n because_o there_o be_v no_o salt_n in_o it_o for_o salt_n be_v the_o strength_n of_o all_o dung_n therefore_o let_v it_o alone_o unless_o to_o lay_v on_o a_o white_a ground_n for_o mix_v of_o earth_n for_o if_o you_o lay_v a_o hungry_a gravel_n on_o a_o hungry_a clunch_n &_o contrà _fw-la they_o fertilise_v each_o other_o also_o any_o sward_n plough_v up_o and_o throw_v on_o the_o land_n or_o lay_v on_o heap_n till_o it_o be_v rot_v or_o make_v a_o dunghill_n and_o lay_v stratum_fw-la super_fw-la stratum_fw-la a_o lay_n of_o street-earth_n and_o a_o lay_n of_o these_o turf_n lay_v upon_o lay_v till_o they_o be_v rot_v make_v a_o excellent_a compost_n for_o many_o year_n the_o burn_a of_o hawm_n upon_o the_o ground_n common_o call_v devonshire_v because_o much_o use_v in_o devonshire_n be_v not_o unworthy_o a_o little_a extol_v of_o the_o poet_n georgic_n lib._n 1._o saepe_fw-la etiam_fw-la steriles_fw-la incendere_fw-la profuit_fw-la agros_fw-la atque_fw-la levem_fw-la stipulam_fw-la crepitantibus_fw-la urere_fw-la flammis_fw-la sive_fw-la indè_fw-la occultas_fw-la vires_fw-la &_o pabula_fw-la terrae_fw-la pinguia_fw-la concipiunt_fw-la sive_fw-la illis_fw-la omne_fw-la per_fw-la ignem_fw-la excoquitur_fw-la vitium_fw-la atque_fw-la exsudat_fw-la inutilis_fw-la humour_n seu_fw-la plures_fw-la calor_fw-la ille_fw-la vias_fw-la &_o coeca_fw-la relaxat_fw-la spiramenta_fw-la novas_fw-la veniat_fw-la quà _fw-la succus_fw-la in_o herbas_fw-la seu_fw-la durat_fw-la magìs_fw-la &_o venas_fw-la adstringit_fw-la hiantes_fw-la nè_fw-la tenues_fw-la pluviae_fw-la rapidÃve_fw-la potentia_fw-la solis_fw-la acrior_fw-la aut_fw-la boreae_fw-la penetrabile_fw-la frigus_fw-la aduraâ—_n to_o this_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v a_o little_a of_o my_o own_o experience_n about_o the_o year_n 1607_o 8_o be_v such_o a_o frost_n without_o snow_n that_o it_o kill_v all_o our_o wheat_n one_o mr._n how_o of_o north-myms_a have_v but_o two_o bushel_n grow_v of_o thirty_o acre_n sow_v i_o 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tary-head-corn_n that_o i_o take_v &_o steep_v it_o a_o day_n and_o a_o night_n in_o water_n of_o a_o hors-dunghill_n i_o sow_v all_o that_o head-land_n but_o one_o quarter_n of_o it_o which_o have_v be_v tread_v with_o horse_n turn_v upon_o it_o in_o wet_a weather_n after_o it_o be_v sow_v this_o barley_n when_o harvest_n come_v be_v the_o first_o i_o have_v ripe_a clean_a without_o tare_n or_o any_o other_o soil_n as_o thick_a as_o it_o can_v stand_v and_o every_o way_n the_o best_a that_o ever_o i_o have_v grow_v but_o the_o wheat_n not_o worth_a the_o reap_v wherefore_o i_o let_v it_o stand_v till_o harvest_n be_v home_n but_o have_v i_o mow_v it_o green_a it_o have_v be_v the_o best_a horse-meat_n of_o all_o other_o as_o afterward_o i_o find_v in_o wild-oat_n and_o bean_n when_o harvest_n be_v home_o on_o a_o fair_a day_n the_o wind_n sit_v right_a i_o set_v fire_n on_o it_o but_o he_o that_o have_v see_v that_o fire_n and_o hear_v the_o noise_n and_o have_v not_o read_v virgil_n 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which_o be_v very_o great_a and_o the_o wind_n full_a in_o one_o end_n and_o whistle_v insomuch_o that_o all_o the_o ground_n for_o two_o or_o three_o and_o twenty_o pole_n long_o and_o a_o pole_n and_o half_a broad_a be_v all_o on_o fire_n at_o once_o this_o past_a my_o skill_n to_o quench_v neither_o will_v all_o the_o blanket_n in_o the_o town_n have_v serve_v the_o turn_n if_o i_o have_v have_v they_o there_o but_o that_o this_o be_v soon_o out_o i_o think_v neither_o the_o sicilian_a aetna_n that_o throw_v stone_n sixty_o mile_n nor_o hecla_n in_o iseland_n nor_o vesuvius_n in_o campania_n that_o send_v his_o ash_n more_o than_o two_o hundred_o mile_n off_o or_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v cassiodorus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o titus_n and_o vespasian_n they_o fly_v into_o asia_n syria_n and_o egypt_n and_o last_o break_v out_o again_o in_o the_o year_n 1632_o crepitus_fw-la miliaria_fw-la centum_fw-la auditus_fw-la &_o do_v you_o not_o hear_v this_o crepitus_fw-la certain_o it_o be_v because_o either_o you_o be_v deaf_a or_o not_o near_a enough_o can_v present_v a_o great_a terror_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o my_o wild-oat_n be_v not_o yet_o kill_v and_o then_o i_o be_v vex_v with_o myself_o that_o i_o have_v not_o mow_v they_o green_a for_o horse-meat_n for_o out_o of_o every_o hors-footing_a contrary_a to_o my_o hope_n i_o can_v takeup_v whole-yea_a psonds_o that_o be_v never_o the_o worse_o for_o the_o fire_n save_v only_o their_o smell_n then_o i_o fill_v my_o handkerchief_n and_o both_o my_o pocket_n with_o they_o to_o carry_v home_o to_o my_o hog_n hen_n pigeon_n but_o not_o a_o corn_n any_o of_o they_o will_v touch_v all_o this_o be_v still_o worse_o and_o worse_o about_o all-saints-day_n follow_v there_o come_v a_o frost_n and_o a_o little_a snow_n upon_o that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o flesh