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A16711 A briefe and true relation of the discouerie of the north part of Virginia being a most pleasant, fruitfull and commodious soile: made this present yeere 1602, by Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold, Captaine Bartholowmew [sic] Gilbert, and diuers other gentlemen their associats, by the permission of the honourable knight, Sir Walter Ralegh, &c. Written by M. Iohn Brereton one of the voyage. Whereunto is annexed a treatise, of M. Edward Hayes, conteining important inducements for the planting in those parts, and finding a passage that way to the South sea, and China. Brereton, John, 1572-ca. 1619.; Hayes, Edward, fl. 1602. 1602 (1602) STC 3611; ESTC S122400 31,034 49

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the Islands and into the maine of the West Indies victuall and labour being so cheape there 10 The trade of making cables and cordage there will be of great importance in respect of a cheape maintenance of the Nauie that shall passe to and fro and in respect of such Nauie as may in those parties be vsed for the venting of the commodities of England to be brought thither And Powldauies c. made for sailes of the poore Saluages yeeld to the Nauie a great helpe and a great gaine in the trafficke But if séeking reuenge on euery iniurie of the Saluages we séeke blood raise war our Uines our Oliues our Figge trées our Sugar-canes our Orenges and Limons Corne Cattell c. will be destroyed and trade of merchandise in all things ouerthrowen and so the English nation there planted and to be planted shal be rooted out with sword and hunger Sorts of men which are to be passed in this voyage 1 MEn skilfull in all Minerall causes 2 Men skilfull in all kinde of drugges 3 Fishermen to consider of the sea fishings there on the coasts to be reduced to trade hereafter and others for the fresh water fishings 4 Salt-makers to view the coast and to make triall how rich the sea-water there is to aduise for the trade 5 Husbandmen to view the soile to resolue for tillage in all sorts 6 Uineyard-men bred to sée how the soile may serue for the planting of Uines 7 Men bred in the Shroffe in South Spaine for discerning how Oliue trées may be planted there 8 Others for planting of Orenge trées Figge trées Limon trées and Almond trées for iudging how the soile may serue for the same 9 Gardeners to prooue the seuerall soiles of the Islands and of our setling places to sée how the same may serue for all herbs and roots for our victualling since by rough seas sometimes we may want fish and since we may want flesh to victuall vs by the malice of the naturall people there and gardeners for planting of our common trées of fruit as Peares Apples Plumines Peaches Medlers Apricoes Quinces for conserues c. 10 Lime-makers to make lime for buildings 11 Masons Carpenters c. for buildings there 12 Bricke-makers and Tile-makers 13 Men cunning in the art of fortification that may chuse out places strong by nature to be fortified and that can plot out and direct workemen 14 Choise Spade-men to trench cunningly and to raise bulwarks and rampiers of earth for defence and offence 15 Spade-makers that may out of the Woods there make spades like those of Deuonshire and of other sorts and shouels from time to time for common vse 16 Smithes to forge the yrons of the shouels and spades and to make blacke billes and other weapons and to mend many things 17 Men that vse to breake Ash trées for pike-staues to be imploied in the Woods there 18 Others that finish vp the same so rough hewd such as in London are to be had 19 Coopers to make caske of all sorts 20 Forgers of pikes heads and of arrow heads with forges with Spanish yron and with all maner of tooles to be caried with them 21 Fletchers to renew arrowes since archerie preuaileth much against vnarmed people and gunpowder may soone perish by setting on fire 22 Bowyers also to make bowes there for néed 23 Makers of oares since for seruice vpon those riuers it is to great purpose for the boats and barges they are to passe and enter with 24 Shipwrights to make barges and boats and bigger vessels if néed be to run along the coast and to pierce the great Bayes and Inlets 25 Turners to turne targets of Elme and tough wood for vse against the darts and arrowes of Saluages 26 Such also as haue knowledge to make targets of horne 27 Such also as can make armor of hides vpon moulds such as were woont to be made in this realme about an hundred yéeres since and were called Scotish iacks such armor is light and defensiue enough against the force of Saluages 28 Tanners to tanne hides of Buffes Oxen c. in the Isles where you shall plant 29 White Tawyers of all other skinnes there 30 Men skilfull in burning of Sope ashes and in making of Pitch and Tarre and Rozen to be fetched out of Prussia and Poland which are thence to be had for small wages being there in maner of slaues The seuerall sorts of trées as Pines Firres Spruses Birch and others are to be boared with great augers a foot or halfe a yard aboue the ground as they vse in Vesely towards Languedock and néere Bayona in Gascoigne and so you shall easily and quickly sée what Gummes Rozen Turpentine Tarre or liquor is in them which will quickly distill out cléerely without any filthie mixture and will shew what commoditie may be made of them their goodnesse and greatnesse for masts is also to be considered 31 A skilfull painter is also to be caried with you which the Spaniards vsed commonly in all their discoueries to bring the descriptions of all beasts birds fishes trées townes c. A briefe note of the corne fowles fruits and beasts of the Inland of Florida on the backeside of Virginia taken out of the 44 chapter of the discouery of the said countrey begun by Fernando de Soto gouernour of Cuba in the yeere of our Lord 1539. THe bread which they eat in all the land of Florida is of Maiz which is like to course Millet And in all the Islands and West Indies from the Antiles forward there is this Maiz. Likewise in Florida there be many Wallnuts Plummes Mulberies Grapes They sowe their Maiz and gather it euery man his owne croppe The fruits are common to all men because they grow abundantly in the fields without planting or dressing In the mountaines there grow Chestnuts they are somewhat smaller than the Chestnuts of Spaine which are called Collarínnas From Rio Grande toward the West the Walnuts are differing from the other for they are softer and round like bullets And from Rio Grande toward Puerto del Spirito Santo Eastward for the most part they are harder And the Trées and Nuts are like in fashion vnto those of Spaine There is in all the countrey a fruit which groweth vpon an herbe or plant like to the herbe called Dogs-tongue which the Indians doe sowe The fruit is like vnto the Peres Rial it is of a very good rellish and of a pleasant taste Another herbe groweth in the fields which beareth a fruit néere the ground like to a Strawberie very pleasant in taste The Plummes are of two sorts red and gray in fashion and bignesse of Walnuts and haue thrée or foure stones in them These are better than any in Spaine and they make better Prunes of them The want of dressing is perceiued only in the Grapes which although they be great yet they haue a great kernell All the rest of the fruits are very perfect and lesse
euery where shew great likelihood of Minerals A very rich mine of Copper is found whereof I haue séene proofe and the place described Not farre from which there is great hope also of a Siluer mine There be faire quarries of stone of beautifull colours for buildings The ground bringeth forth without industrie Pease Roses Grapes Hempe besides other plants fruits herbs and flowers whose pleasant view and delectable smelles doe demonstrate sufficiently the fertility and swéetnesse of that soile and aire Beasts of many kindes some of the bignesse of an Oxe whose hides make good buffe Déere both red and of other sorts in aboundance Luzerns Marterns Sables Beauers Beares Otters Wolues Foxes and Squirrels which to the Northward are blacke and accounted very rich furres Fowles both of the water and land infinit store and varietie Hawks both short and long winged Partriges in abundance which are verie great and easily taken Birds great and small some like vnto our Blacke-birds others like Canarie-birds And many as well birds as other creatures strange and differing from ours of Europe Fish namely Cods which as we encline more vnto the South are more large and vendible for England and France then the Newland fish Whales and Seales in great abundances Oiles of them are rich commodities for England whereof we now make Soape besides many other vses Item Tunneys Anchoues Bonits Salmons Lobsters Oisters hauing Pearle and infinit other sorts of fish which are more plentifull vpon those Northwest coasts of America than in any parts of the knowen world Salt is reported to be found there which els may be made there to serue sufficiently for all fishing So as the commodities there to be raised both of the sea and land after that we haue planted our people skilfull and industrious will be Fish Whale and Seale oiles Soape ashes and Soape Tarre and Pitch Rosen and Turpentine Masts Timber and boords of Cedars Firres and Pines Hempe Flaxe Cables and Ropes Saile-clothes Grapes and Raisens and Wines Corne Rape-séeds oiles Hides Skinnes Furres Dies and Colours for painting Pearle Mettals and other Minerals These commodities before rehearsed albeit for the most part they be grosse yet are the same profitable for the State of England specially aswell in regard of the vse of such commodities as for the imploiment also of our people and ships the want whereof doth decay our townes and ports of England and causeth the realme to swarme full with poore and idle people These commodities in like sort are of great vse and estimation in all the South and Westerne countreys of Europe namely Italie France and Spaine for the which all nations that haue béene accustomed to repaire vnto the Newfound-land for the commoditie of fish and oiles alone will henceforward forsake the Newfound-land and trade with vs when once we haue planted people in those parts by whose industrie shall be prouided for all commers both fish and oiles and many commodities besides of good importance value Then will the Spaniards and Portugals bring vnto vs in exchange of such commodites before mentioned Wines Swéet oiles Fruits Spices Sugars Silks Gold and Siluer or whatsoeuer that Europe yéeldeth to supply our necessities and to increase our delights For which Spanish commodities and other sorts likewise our merchants of England will bring vnto vs againe Cloth Cattell for our store and bréed and euery thing els that we shall néed or that England shall haply exchange for such commodities By this intercourse our habitations will be made a Staple of all vendible commodities of the world and a meanes to vent a very great quantitie of our English cloth into all the cold regions of America extended very farre This intercourse also will be soone drawen together by this reason That néere adioining vpon the same coasts of New-found-land is the greatest fishing of the world whether doe yéerely repaire about 400 sailes of ships for no other commoditie than Fish and Whale-oiles Then forasmuch as merchants ar diligent inquisitours after gaines they will soone remooue their trade from Newfound-land vnto vs néere at hand for so great increase of gaine as they shall make by trading with vs. For whereas the voyage vnto the Newfound-land is into a more cold and intemperate place not to be traded nor frequented at all times nor fortified for securitie of the ships and goods oft spoiled by pirats or men of warre the charges great for salt double manning and double victualling their ships in regard that the labor is great and the time long before their lading can be made readie they cary outwards no commodities for fraight and after sixe moneths voyage their returne is made but of Fish and Oiles Contrariwise by trading with vs at our intended place the course shal be in a maner as short into a more temperate and healthfull climat at all times of the yéere to be traded harbors fortified to secure ships and goods charges abridged of salt victualling and manning ships double because lading shall be prouided vnto their hands at a more easie rate than themselues could make it They shall carry fraight also outward to make exchange with vs and so get profit both waies and then euery foure moneths they may make a voyage and returne of both fish and oiles and many other commodities of good worth These reasons aduisedly waighed shall make our enterprise appeare easie and the most profitable of the world for our nation to vndertake The reasons we chiefly relie vpon are these namely 1 Those lands which we intend to inhabit shall minister vnto our people the subiect and matter of many notable commodities 2 England shall affoord vs people both men women and children aboue 10000 which may very happily be spared from hence to worke those commodities there 3 Newfound-land shall minister shipping to carrie away all our commodities and to bring others vnto vs againe for our supplie Now two of these reasons are already effected vnto our hands that is to say The place where we shall finde rich commodities and ships to vent them It remaineth onely for our parts to carrie and transport people with their prouisions from England where the miserie and necessitie of manie crie out for such helpe and reliefe This considered no nation of Christendom is so fit for this action as England by reason of our superfluous people as I may tearme them and of our long domesticall peace And after that we be once 200 men strong victualled and fortified we can not be remooued by as many thousands For besides that we haue séene both in France and the Low-countreys where 200 men well fortified and victualled haue kept out the forces both of the French Spanish kings euen within their owne kingdomes it shall be also a matter of great difficulty to transport an army ouer the Ocean with victuals and munition and afterwards to abide long siege abroad against
as appeared by their tracks as also diuers fowles as Cranes Hernshawes Bitters Géese Mallards Teales and other fowles in great plenty also great store of Pease which grow in certeine plots all the Island ouer On the North side of this Island we found many huge bones and ribbes of Whales This Island as also all the rest of these Islands are full of all sorts of stones fit for building the sea sides all couered with stones many of them glistring and shining like minerall stones and verie rockie also the rest of these Islands are replenished with these commodities and vpon some of them inhabitants as vpon as Island to the Northward and within two leagues of this yet wée found no townes nor many of their houses although we saw manie Indians which are tall big boned men all naked sauing they couer their priuy parts with a blacke tewed skin much like a Black smiths apron tied about their middle and betwéene their legs behinde they gaue vs of their fish readie boiled which they carried in a basket made of twigges not vnlike our osier whereof we did eat and iudged them to be fresh water fish they gaue vs also of their Tabacco which they drinke gréene but dried into powder very strong and pleasant and much better than any I haue tasted in England the necks of their pipes are made of clay hard dried whereof in that Island is great store both red and white the other part is a piece of hollow copper very finely closed and semented together Wée gaue vnto them certeine trifles as kniues points and such like which they much estéemed From hence we went to another Island to the Northwest of this and within a league or two of the maine which we found to bee greater than before we imagined being 16. English miles at the least in compasse for it conteineth many pieces or necks of land which differ nothing frō seuerall Islands sauing that certeine banks of small bredth do like bridges ioine them to this Island On the outsides of this Island are many plaine places of grasse abundance of Strawberies other berries before mentioned In mid May we did sowe in this Island for a triall in sundry places Wheat Barley Oats and Pease which in fourtéene daies were sprung vp nine inches and more The soile is fat and lustie the vpper crust of gray colour but a foot or lesse in depth of the colour of our hempe-lands in England and being thus apt for these and the like graines the sowing or setting after the ground is clensed is no greater labour than if you should set or sow in one of our best prepared gardens in England This Island is full of high timbred Oakes their leaues thrise so broad as ours Ceders straight and tall Béech Elme hollie Walnut trees in aboundance the fruit as bigge as ours as appeared by those we found vnder the trees which had lien all the yéere vngathered Haslenut trées Cherry trées the leafe barke and bignesse not differing from ours in England but the stalke beareth the blossoms or fruit at the end thereof like a cluster of Grapes forty or fifty in a bunch Sassafras trées great plentie all the Island ouer a trée of high price and profit also diuers other fruit trées some of them with strange barkes of an Orange colour in feeling soft and smoothe like Ueluet in the thickest parts of these woods you may sée a furlong or more round about On the Northwest side of this Island néere to the sea side is a standing Lake of fresh water almost thrée English miles in compasse in the middest whereof stands a plot of woody ground an acre in quantitie or not aboue this Lake is full of small Tortoises and excéedingly frequented with all sorts of fowles before rehearsed which breed some low on the banks and others on low trees about this Lake in great aboundance whose yong ones of all sorts we tooke and eat at our pleasure but all these fowles are much bigger than ours in England Also in euery Island and almost in euery part of euery Island are great store of Ground nuts fortie together on a string some of them as bigge as hennes egges they grow not two inches vnder ground the which nuts we found to be as good as Potatoes Also diuers sorts of shell-fish as Scalops Muscles Cockles Lobsters Crabs Oisters and Wilks exéeding good and very great But not to cloy you with particular rehearsall of such things as God Nature hath bestowed on these places in comparison whereof the most fertil part of al England is of it selfe but barren we went in our light-horsman from this Island to the maine right against this Island some two leagues off where comming ashore we stood a while like men rauished at the beautie and delicacie of this swéet soile for besides diuers cléere Lakes of fresh water whereof we saw no end Modowes very large and full of gréene grasse euen the most woody places I speake onely of such as I saw doe grow so distinct and apart one trée from another vpon gréene grassie ground somewhat higher than the Plaines as if Nature would shew her selfe aboue her power artificiall Hard by we espied seuen Indians and cumming vp to them at first they expressed some feare but being emboldned by our curteous vsage and some trifles which we gaue them they followed vs to a necke of land which we imagined had beene seuered from the maine but finding it otherwise we perceiued a broad harbour or riuers mouth which ranne vp into the maine and because the day was farre spent we were forced to returne to the Island from whence we came leauing the discouery of this harbour for a time of better leasure Of the goodnesse of which harbour as also of many others thereabouts there is small doubt considering that all the Islands as also the maine where we were is all rockie grounds and broken lands Now the next day we determined to fortifie our selues in a little plot of ground in the midst of the Lake aboue mentioned where we built an house and couered it with sedge which grew about this lake in great aboundance in building whereof we spent thrée wéeks and more but the second day after our comming from the maine we espied 11 canowes or boats with fiftie Indians in them comming toward vs from this part of the maine where we two daies before landed and being loth they should discouer our fortification we went out on the sea side to méete them and comming somewhat néere them they all sat downe vpon the stones calling aloud to vs as we rightly ghessed to doe the like a little distance from them hauing sat a while in this order captaine Gosnold willed me to goe vnto them to sée what countenance they would make but as soone as
hurtfull than those of Spaine There are in Florida many Beares Lions Stags Roe-bucks Wild-cats and Conies There be many Wild-hennes as bigge as Peacocks small Partridges like those of Africa Cranes Ducks Rolas Black-birds and Sparrowes There be certeine Blacke birds bigger than Sparrowes and lesser than Stares There be Sore-hauks Faulcons Gosse-hauks and all fowles of pray that are in Spaine The Indians are well proportioned Those of the plaine countreys are taller of stature and better proportioned than those of the mountaines Those of the Inland are better furnished with corne and wealth of the countrey than those of the sea coast The countrey on the sea coast toward the gulfe of Mexico is barren and poore and the people more warrelike The coast beareth from Puerto del Spirito Santo vnto Apalache and from Apalache to Rio de Palmas almost from East to West from Rio de Palmas vnto Noua Hispania it runneth from North to South It is a gentle coast but it hath many sholds and banks or shelues of sand A Note of such commodities as are found in Florida next adioining vnto the South part of Virginia taken out of the description of the said countrey written by Mounsieur Rene Laudonniere who inhabited there two Sommers and one winter THe countrey of Florida is flat and diuided with diuers riuers and therefore moist and is sandy towards the sea-shore There groweth in those parts great quantitie of Pyne trées which haue no kernels in the apples that they beare Their woods are full of Oakes Walnut trées blacke Cherrie trées Mulberie trées Lentiskes which yéeld Masticke and Chestnut trées which are more wilde than those of France There is great store of Cedars Cypresses Baies Palme trées Grapes There is there a kinde of Medlars the fruit whereof is better then that of France and bigger There are also Plumme trées which beare very faire fruit but such as is not very good There are Raspesses and a little bery which we call among vs Blues which are very good to eat There grow in that countrey a kinde of Rootes which they call in their language Hazes whereof in necessitie they make bread There is also the trée called Esquine which I take to be the Sassafras which is very good against the pocks and other contagious diseases The Beasts best knowen in this countrey are Stagges Roes Deere Goates Leopards Ownces Lucernes diuers sorts of Woolues wilde Dogges Hares Connies and a certeine kinde of beast that differeth little from the Lion of Africke The Fowles are Turkie Cocks Partridges Perrots Pigeons Ringdoues Turtles Blacke birds Crowes Tarcels Faulcons Leonards Herons Cranes Storkes wilde Géese Mallards Cormorants Herneshawes white red blacke and gray and an infinit sort of all wildfoule There is such aboundance of Crocodiles that oftentimes in swimming men are assailed by them Of serpents there are many sorts There is found among the Sauages good quantitie of Gold and Siluer which is gotten out of the ships that are lost vpon the coast Neuerthelesse they say that in the mountains of Apalatcy there are mines of Copper which I thinke to be Gold There is also in this countrey great store of Graines and Herbes whereof might be made excellent good dies and paintings of all kinde of colours They sowe their Maiz or Corne twice a yéere to wit in March and in Iune and all in one and the same soile The said Maiz from the time that it is sowed vnto the time that it is gathered is but thrée moneths in the ground They haue also faire Pumpions and very good Beanes They haue certeine kinds of oile wherewith they vse to annoint themselues A briefe extract of the merchantable commodities found in the South part of Virginia ann 1585. and 1586. Gathered out of the learned worke of master Thomas Herriot which was there remaining the space of eleuen moneths SIlke of Grasse or Grasse-silke the like whereof groweth in Persia whereof I haue séene good Grograine made Worme-silke Flaxe and Hempe Aslom Wapeih a kinde of earth so called by the naturall inhabitants very like to Terra Sigillata and by some of our Physitions found more effectuall Pitch Tarre Rozen and Turpentine there are those kinds of trées that yéeld them aboundantly and in great store Sassafras called by the inhabitants Wynauk of whose soueraigne and manifold vertues reade Monardes the Phisician of Siuile in his booke entituled in English The ioyfull newes from the West Indies Cedar Uines of two sorts Oile there are two sorts of Wall-nuts both holding oile Furthermore there are thrée seuerall kindes of Berries in the forme of Oake Acornes which also by the experience and vse of the inhabitants we finde to yéeld very good and swéete Oile There are also Beares which are commonly very fat and in some places there are many their fatnesse because it is so liquid may well be termed Oyle and hath many speciall vses Furres Ottars Marternes and Lucernes Déere skinnes Ciuet Cattes Iron Copper The foresaid Copper we also found by triall to hold Siluer Pearle One of our company a man of skill in such matters had gathered together from the Sauages aboue fiue thousand Swéet Gummes of diuers kinds and many other Apothecary drugs Dies of diuers kinds There is Shoemake well knowen and vsed in England for blacke the séed of an herbe called Wasebur little small rootes called Chappacor and the barke of a trée called by the inhabitants Tangomockonomindge which Dies are for diuers sorts of red Commodities in Virgina knowen to yeeld victuals PAgatowr or Mays which is their principall corne Okindgier called by vs Beanes Wickonzour called by vs Pease Macocquer called by vs Pompions Mellons Gourds An herbe which in Dutch is called Melden being a kinde of Orage c. An herbe in forme of a Marigold sixe foot in height taken to be Planta Solis Vppowoc or Tabacco of great estimation among the Sauages Rootes OPenauck a kinde of Rootes of round forme as bigge as Wall-nuts some farre greater Monardes calleth them Beades or Pater nostri of Sancta Helena and master Brereton Ground Nuts Okeepenank are Rootes of round shape found in dry grounds the inhabitants vse to boile and eat many of them Tsinaw a kinde of Roote much like vnto that which in England is called the China Roote brought from the East Indies Coscushaw a Roote taken to be that which the Spaniards in the West Indies doe call Cassauy Habascon a Roote of hot taste almost of the forme and bignesse of a Parsney Léekes differing little from ours in England Fruites CHestnuts there are in diuers places great store vsed diuers waies for food Walnuts there are two kinds and of them infinit store in many places where are very great woods for many miles together the third part of the trées are Walnut trées they vse them for meate and make a milke of them of verie pleasant taste and holesome Medlers a kinde of very good fruit they are as red as
30 or 40. leagues to the Southwest of Cape Breton whereof I my selfe haue séene aboue an hundred pieces of the copper and haue shewed some part thereof to diuers knightes of qualitie as also of Salt as good as that of Buruage in France found néere that Bay and could make proofe of the testimonie of the Saluages touching a Siluer mine in another Bay within two or thrée leagues to the west of the aforesaid Bay of Menan But I reserue a further relation héereof to a more conuenient time and place Yf it please any man to read the Summarie of Gonsaluo de Ouiedo extant in part in the English decads of the voyage of Sebastian Cabote along this coast of Virginia and Norumbega And the short relation of Iohn de Verarsana which ranged the said coast long after him in the yéere 1524. which is also to be séene in the third volume of the English voyages pagine 298. he shall finde often mention of rich Minerals and store of excellent copper which so long agoe they saw among the Saluages they being the first knowen Christians that euer saw those coasts So that it were more then wilful madnesse to doubt of rich mines to be in the aforesaid countreys FINIS They fel with S. Marie one of the Açores They discouered land the 14. of May. Eight Indians come aboord of them The description of them Their first landing Another Indian Anexcellent Codfishing A great headland Many faire Islands The first Island called Marthaes vineyard Beeches Cedars Uines in abundance Springs A Lake Deere Other beasts Cranes Hernshawes Bitters Geese Mallards Teales Tabacco Elizabeths Island Wheat Barley and Oats sowed came vp nine inches in fourteene daies Oakes Cedars Beech. Elme Hollie Walnut trees Cherry trees Sassafras trees Diuers other trees A lake three miles about Small Tortoises Abundance of fowles much bigger than ours in England Ground nuts Shell fish The exceeding beautie of the maine land Great Lakes Large medowes Seuen Indians A broad riuer A good harbour The English house Eleuen canows with fiftie Indians in them Their captaine Seuerall sorts of Furres Red Copper in abundance Chaines Collars Drinking cuppes of Copper Mines of Copper Minerall stones Emerie stones Flaxe Indians apt for seruice Sassafras A goodly people of good conditions Their apparell Their women The goodnesse or the Climat Their return Temperate Climats Her Maiesties title A commodious and safe course Riuers Fertile lands Rape oiles Dies Minerals Copper Grapes Beasts Fowles Commodities in generall Imploiment of our people and repairing decaied ports The trade to Newfound-land shal be remoued to vs. Spanish commodities English commodities Uent of our Cloth Intercourse will soone be had with other nacions In commodities in the Newland trade Commodities by hauing trade with vs. Note An easie enterprise and great reward The English nation most fit for discoueries The Saluages vnable to defend or offend This action but set on foot will goe forward of it selfe Ouersight in choise of a new habitation A matter of importance for England A large course of a riuer thorow a mightie continent produceth a portable riuer Meanes to breed a speedie trade A gentle course best to be held Their fruits These may be the Tunas The beasts of Florida The trees of Florida Good Grapes The Beasts of Florida The Fowles of Florida Gold and Siluer Store of dies and colours Oile in Florida These plants are called Tunas also whereof there be three sorts that which beareth no fruit bringeth foorth the Cochenile I take these to be the people toward Cibola clad in mantels of cotten