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ground_n	bear_v	fruit_n	good_a	1,697	5	3.9177	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12471	The true travels, adventures, and observations of Captaine Iohn Smith, in Europe, Asia, Affrica, and America, from anno Domini 1593. to 1629 His accidents and sea-fights in the straights; his service and stratagems of warre in Hungaria, Transilvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia, against the Turks, and Tartars ... After how he was taken prisoner by the Turks, sold for a slave ... and escaped ... Together with a continuation of his generall History of Virginia, Summer-Iles, New England, and their proceedings, since 1624. to this present 1629; as also of the new plantations of the great river of the Amazons, the iles of St. Christopher, Mevis, and Barbados in the West Indies. All written by actuall authours, whose names you shall finde along the history.	Smith, John, 1580-1631.; Cecil, Thomas, fl. 1630, engraver.	1630 (1630)	STC 22796; ESTC S111906	69,204	79

England by Master Merifield who brought him from thence and bringeth him up as his owne children It lyeth seventeene degrees Northward of the line about an hundred and twenty leagues from the Cape de tres Puntas the neerest maine land in America it is about eight leagues in length and foure in bredth an Iland amongst 100. Iles in the West Indies called the Caribes where ordinarily all them that frequent the West Indies refresh themselves those most of them are rocky little and mountainous yet frequented with the Canibals many of them inhabited as Saint Domingo Saint Mattalin Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Granada and Margarita to the Southward Northward none but Saint Christophers and it but lat●ly yet they will be ranging Marigalanta Guardalupo Deceado Monserat Antigua Mevis Bernardo Saint Martin and Saint Bartholomew but the worst of the foure Iles possessed by the Spanyard as Portorico or Iamica is better than them all as for Hispaniola and Cuba they are worthy the title of two rich Kingdomes the rest not respected by the Spanyards for want of harbors and their better choice of good land and profit in the maine But Captaine Warner having beene very familiar with Captaine Painton in the Amazon hearing his information of this St. Christophers and having made a yeares tryall as it is said returned for England ioyning with Master Merifield and his friends got Letters Pattents from King Iames to plant and possesse it Since then the Right Honourable the Earle of Carlile hath got Letters Pattents also not only of that but all the Caribes Iles about it who is now chiefe Lord of them and the English his tenants that doe possesse them over whom he appointeth such Governours and Officers as their affaires require and although there be a great custome imposed upon them considering their other charges both to feed and maintaine themselves yet there is there and now a going neere upon the number of three thousand people where by reason of the rockinesse and thicknesse of the woods in the I le it is difficult to passe and such a snuffe of the Sea goeth on the shore ten m●y better defend than fifty assault In this I le are many springs but yet water is scarce againe in many places the valleyes and sides of the hills very fertile but the mountaines harsh and of a sulphurous composition all overgrowne with Palmetas Cotten trees Lignum vitae and divers other sorts but none like any in Christendome except those carried thither the aire very pleasant and healthfull but exceeding ●ot yet so tempered with coole breaths it seemes very temperate to them that are a little used to it the trees being alwaies greene the daies and nights alwayes very neere equall in length alwayes Summer only they have in their seasons great gusts and raines and somtimes a Hericano which is an overgrowne and a most violent storme In some of those Iles are cattell goats and hogges but here none but what they must carry Gwanes they have which is a little harmelesse beast like a Crokadell or Aligator very fat and good meat she layes egges in the sand as doth the land Crabs which live here in abundance like Conies in Boroughs unlesse about May when they come downe to the Sea side to lay in the sand as the other and all their egges are hatched by the heat of the Sunne From May to September they have good store of Tortasses that come out of the Sea to lay their egges in the sand and are hatched as the other they will lay halfe a pecke at a time and neere a bushell ere they have done and are round like Tenis-balls this fish is like veale in taste the fat of a brownish colour very good and wholsome We seeke them in the nights where we finde them on shore we turne them upon their backs till the next day we fetch them home for they can never returne themselves being so hard a cart may goe over them and so bigge one will suffice forty or fifty men to dinner Divers sorts of other fish they have in abundance and Prawnes most great and excellent but none will keepe sweet scarce twelve houres The best and greatest is a Passer Flaminga which walking at her length is as tall as a man Pigeons and Turtle Doves in abundance some Parrots wilde Hawkes but divers other sorts of good Sea fowle whose names we know not Cassado is a root planted in the ground of a wonderfull increase and will make very good white bread but the Iuyce ranke poyson yet boyled better than wine Potatos Cabbages and Radish plenty Mayes like the Virginia wheat we have Pine-apples neere so bigge as an Hartichocke but the most daintiest taste of any fruit Plantnais an excellent and a most increasing fruit Apples Prickell Peares and Pease but differing all from ours There is Pepper that groweth in a little red huske as bigge as a Walnut about foure inches in length but the long cods are small and much stronger and better for use than that from the East Indies There is two sorts of Cotten the silke Cotten as in the East Indies groweth upon a small stalke as good for beds as downe the other upon a shrub and beareth a cod bigger than a Walnut full of Cotten wooll Anotto also groweth upon a shrub with a cod like the other and nine or ten on a bunch full of Anotto very good for Dyers though wilde Sugar Canes not tame 4. or 5. foot high also Mast●cke and Locus trees g●eat and hard timber Gourds Muske Melons Water Melons Lettice P●rsly all places naturally beare pursl●ine of it selfe Sope-berries like a Musket bullet that washeth as white as Sope in the middle of the root is a thing like a sedge a very good f●uit we call Pengromes a Pappaw is as great as an apple coloured like an Orange and good to eat a small hard nut like a hazell nut growes close to the ground and like this growes on the Palmetas which we call a Mucca nut Mustard-seed will grow to a great tree but beares no seed yet the leaves will make good mustard the Mancinell tree the fruit is poyson good figs in abundance but the Palmeta serveth to build Forts and houses the leaves to cover them and many other uses the iuyce we draw from them till we sucke them to death is held restorative and the top for meat doth serve us as Cabbage but oft we want poudered Beefe and Bacon and many other needfull necessaries by Thomas Simons Rowland Grascocke Nicholas Burgh and others CHAP. XXVI The first planting of the Barbados THe Barbados lies South-west and by South an hundred leagues from Saint Christophers threescore leagues West and South from Trinidado and some fourescore leagues from Cape de Salinos the next part of the maine The first planters brought thither by Captaine Henry Powel were forty English with seven or eight Negros then he went to Disacuba in the maine where

arrived at Vienne where the Arch-dukes and the Nobilitie with as much honour received him as if he had conquered all Hungaria his very Picture they esteemed would make them fortunate which thousands kept as curiously as a precious relique To requite this honour preparing himselfe to returne into France to raise new Forces against the next yeare with the two Arch-dukes Mathias and Maximilian and divers others of the Nobilitie was with great magnificence conducted to Nurenburg there by them royally feasted how it chanced is not knowne but the next morning he was found dead and his brother in law died two dayes after whose hearts after this great triumph with much sorrow were carried into France CHAP. VII The unhappie Siege of Caniza Earle Meldritch serveth Prince Sigismundus Prince Moyses besiegeth Regall Smiths three single combats His Patent from Sigismundus and reward THe worthy Lord Rosworme had not a worse journey to the miserable Seige of Caniza where by the extremitie of an extraordinary continuing tempest of haile wind frost and snow in so much that the Christians were forced to leave their Tents and Artillery and what they had it being so cold that three or foure hundred of them were frozen to death in a night and two or three thousand lost in that miserable flight in the snowie tempest though they did know no enemie at all to follow them than the noble Earle of Meldritch had to Transilvania where hearing of the death of Michael and the brave Duke Mercury and knowing the policie of Busca and the Prince his Roialtie being now beyond all beleefe of men in possession of the best part of Transilvania perswaded his troopes in so honest a cause to assist the Prince against the Turke rather than Busca against the Prince The souldiers being worne out with those hard payes and travells upon hope to have free libertie to make bootie upon what they could get possession of from the Turkes was easily perswaded to follow him whithersoever Now this noble Earle was a Transilvanian borne and his fathers Countrey yet inhabited by the Turkes for Transilvania was yet in three divisions though the Prince had the hearts both of Country and people yet the Frontiers had a Garrison amongst the unpassable mountaines some for the Emperour some for the Prince and some for the Turke to regaine which small estate hee desired leave of the Prince to trie his fortunes and to make use of that experience the time of twentie yeares had taught him in the Emperours service promising to spend the rest of his dayes for his countries defence in his Excellencies service The Prince glad of so brave a Commander and so many expert and ancient souldiers made him Campe-master of his Armie gave him all necessary releefe for his troopes and what freedome they desired to plunder the Turkes The Earle having made many incursions into the Land of Zarkam among those rockie mountains where were some Turks some Tartars but most Bandittoes Rennegadoes and such like which sometimes hee forced into the Plaines of Regall where is a Citie not only of men and fortifications strong of it selfe but so environed with mountaines that made the passages so difficult that in all these warres no attempt had beene made upon it to any purpose Having satisfied himselfe with the Situation and the most convenient passages to bring his Armie unto it The earth no sooner put on her greene habit than the Earle overspread her with his armed troopes To possesse himselfe first of the most convenient passage which was a narrow valley betwixt two high mountaines he sent Colonell Veltus with his Regiment dispersed in companies to lye in Ambuscado as he had directed them and in the morning to driue all the cattell they could finde before a Fort in that passage whom he supposed would sally seeing but some small partie to recover their prey which tooke such good successe that the Garrison was cut off by the Ambuscado and Veltus seized on the Skonces which was abandoned Meldritch glad of so fortunate a beginning it was six dayes ere he could with six thousand Pioners make passage for his Ordnance The Turkes having such warning strengthned the Towne so with men and provision that they made a scorne of so small a number as Meldritch brought with him before the Citie which was but eight thousand Before they had pitched their Tents the Turkes sallied in such abundance as for an houre they had rather a bloudy battell than a skirmish but with the losse of neere fifteene hundred on both sides The Turkes were chased till the Cities Ordnance caused the Earle to retire The next day Zachel Moyses Generall of the Armie pitched also his tents with nine thousand foot and horse and six and twenty peeces of Ordnance but in regard of the situation of this strong Fortresse they did neither feare them nor hurt them being upon the point of a faire promontory environed on the one side within halfe a mile with an un-usefull mountaine and on the other side with a faire Plaine where the Christians encamped but so commanded by their Ordnance they spent neere a month in entrenching themselves and raising their mounts to plant their batteries which slow proceedings the Turkes oft derided that their Ordnance were at pawne and how they grew fat for want of exercise and fearing lest they should depart ere they could assault their Citie sent this Challenge to any Captaine in the Armie That to delight the Ladies who did long to see some court-like pastime the Lord Turbashaw did defie any Captaine that had the command of a Company who durst combate with him for his head The matter being discussed it was accepted but so many questions grew for the undertaking it was decided by lots which fell upon Captaine Smith before spoken of Truce being made for that time the Rampiers all beset with faire Dames and men in Armes the Christians in Battalio Turbashaw with a noise of Howboyes entred the fields well mounted and armed on his shoulders were fixed a paire of great wings compacted of Eagles feathers within a ridge of silver richly garnished with gold and precious stones a Ianizary before him bearing his Lance on each side another leading his horse where long hee stayed nor ere Smith with a noise of Trumpets only a Page bearing his Lance passing by him with a courteous salute tooke his ground with such good successe that at the sound of the charge he passed the Turke thorow the sight of his Beaver face head and all that he fell dead to the ground where alighting and unbracing his Helmet cut off his head and the Turkes tooke his body and so returned without any hurt at all The head hee presented to the Lord Moses the Generall who kindly accepted it and with joy to the whole armie he was generally welcomed The death of this Captaine so swelled in the heart of one Grualgo his vowed friend as rather inraged with

upon Moldavia Podolia Lituania and Russia are much more regular than the interior parts of Scythia This great Tartarian Prince that hath so troubled all his neighbours they alwayes call Chan which signifieth Emperour but we the Crym-Tartar He liveth for most part in the best champion plaines of many Provinces and his removing Court is like a great Citie of houses and tents drawne on Carts all so orderly placed East and West on the right and left hand of the Prince his house which is alwayes in the midst towards the South before which none may pitch their houses every one knowing their order and quarter as in an Armie The Princes houses are very artificially wrought both the foundation sides and roofe of wickers ascending round to the top like a Dove-coat this they cover with white felt or white earth tempered with the powder of bones that it may shine the whiter sometimes with blacke felt curiously painted with vines trees birds and beasts the breadth of the Carts are eighteene or twenty foot but the house stretcheth foure or five foot over each side and is drawne with ten or twelve or for more state twenty Camels and Oxen. They have also great baskets made of smaller wickers like great chests with a covering or the same all covered over with blacke felt rubbed over with tallow and sheeps milke to keepe out the raine prettily bedecked with painting or feathers in those they put their houshold stuffe and treasure drawne upon other carts for that purpose When they take downe their houses they set the doore alwayes towards the South and their carts thirtie or fortie foot distant on each side East and West as if they were two walls the women also have most curious carts every one of his wives hath a great one for herselfe and so many other for her attendants that they seeme as many Courts as he hath wives One great Tartar or Nobleman will have for his particular more than an hundred of those houses and carts for his severall offices and uses but set so farre from each other they will seeme like a great village Having taken their houses from the carts they place the Master alwayes towards the North over whose head is alwayes an Image like a Puppet made of felt which they call his brother the women on his left hand and over the chiefe Mistris her head such another brother and betweene them a little one which is the keeper of the house at the good wives beds-feet is a kids skinne stuffed with wooll and neere it a Puppet looking towards the Maids next the doore another with a dried cowes udder for the women that milke the kine because only the men milke mares every morning those Images in their orders they besprinkle with that they drinke bee it Cossmos or whatsoever but all the white mares milke is reserved for the Prince Then without the doore thrice to the South every one bowing his knee in honour of the fire then the like to the East in honour of the aire then to the West in honour of the water and lastly to the North in behalfe of the dead After the servant hath done this duty to the foure quarters of the world he returnes into the house where his fellowes stand waiting ready with two cups and two basons to give their master and his wife that lay with him 〈◊〉 night to wash and drinke who must keepe him company all the day following and all his other wives come thither to drinke where hee keepes his house that day and all the gifts presented him till night are laid vp in her chests and at the doore a bench full of cups and drinke for any of them to make merry Chap. XV. Their feasts common diet Princes estate buildings tributes lawes slaves entertainment of Ambassadours FOr their feasts they have all sorts of beasts birds fish fruits and hearbs they can get but the more variety of wilde ones is the best to which they have excellent drinke made of rice millit and honey like wine they have also wine but in Summer they drinke most Cossmos that standeth ready alwayes at the entrance of the doore and by it a fidler when the master of the house beginneth to drinke they all cry ha ha and the fidler playes then they all clap their hands and dance the men before their Masters the women before their Mistresses and ever when he drinks they cry as before then the fidler stayeth till they drinke all round sometimes they will drinke for the victory and to provoke one to drinke they will pull him by the ears and lugge and draw him to stretch and heat him clapping their hands stamping with their feet and dancing before the champions offering them cups then draw them backe againe to increase their appetite and thus continue till they be drunke or their drinke done which they hold an honour and no infirmity Though the ground be fertile they sow little corne yet the Gentlemen have bread and hony-wine grapes they have plenty and wine privately and good flesh fish but the common sort stamped millit mingled with milke and water They call Cassa for meat and drinke any thing also any beast unprofitable for service they kill when they are like to die or however they die they will eat them guts liver and all but the most fleshy parts they cut in thinne slices and hang it up in the Sunne and wind wihout salting where it will drie so hard it will not putrifie in a long time A Ramme they esteeme a great feast among forty or fiftie which they cut in peeces boiled or roast puts it in a great bowle with salt and water for other sauce they have none the master of the feast giveth every one a peece which he eateth by himselfe or carrieth away with him Thus their hard fare makes them so infinite in Cattell and their great number of captived women to breed vpon makes them so populous But neere the Christian frontiers the baser sort make little cottages of wood called Vlusi daubed over with durt and beasts dung covered with sedge yet in Summer they leave them beginning their progresse in Aprill with their wives children and slaves in their carted houses scarce convenient for foure or five persons driving their flocks towards Perecopya and sometimes into Taurica or Osow a towne upon the river Tanais which is great and swift where the Turke hath a garrison and in October returne againe to their Cottages Their Clothes are the skinnes of dogges goats and sheepe lined with cotten cloath made of their finest wooll for of their worst they make their felt which they use in aboundance as well for shooes and caps as houses beds and Idolls also of the coarse wooll mingled with horse haire they make all their cordage Notwithstanding this wandring life their Princes sit in great state upon beds or carpits and with great reverence are attended both by