in_o one_o body_n as_o they_o be_v in_o several_a maniple_n take_v up_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n a_o less_o space_n of_o ground_n can_v rational_o be_v give_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o and_o the_o principes_fw-la than_o the_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n they_o take_v up_o in_o front_n for_o when_o they_o either_o flee_v or_o retire_v to_o the_o second_o batallion_n they_o must_v have_v have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o cast_v themselves_o in_o some_o good_a order_n by_o maniple_n to_o take_v up_o their_o place_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la now_o three_o hundred_o principes_fw-la interval_n between_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la and_o sixty_o foot_n be_v but_o seventy_o two_o pace_n which_o certain_o be_v soon_o trace_v by_o man_n either_o fly_v or_o retire_v hasty_o for_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o roman_n punctual_o keep_v rank_a and_o file_n when_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o a_o speedy_a retreat_n be_v a_o vain_a speculation_n if_o this_o be_v allow_v i_o than_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n must_v have_v be_v twice_o as_o great_a that_o be_v seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n because_o the_o three_o batallion_n be_v in_o time_n of_o need_n to_o receive_v both_o the_o other_o two_o here_o then_o be_v two_o great_a interval_n one_o between_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o other_o between_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_fw-la between_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la triarii_n both_o of_o they_o call_v by_o the_o roman_n via_fw-la transversa_fw-la this_o conjecture_n of_o i_o may_v seem_v rational_a enough_o to_o those_o who_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o modern_a army_n the_o interval_n between_o the_o brigade_n marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n and_o these_o of_o the_o reserve_n for_o less_o ground_n for_o they_o than_o what_o a_o brigade_n take_v up_o in_o front_n be_v not_o usual_o give_v but_o to_o support_v my_o own_o opinion_n and_o convince_v lipsius_n of_o the_o vanity_n of_o he_o i_o polybius_n support_v out_o of_o polybius_n shall_v pick_v something_o out_o of_o the_o 15_o book_n of_o polybius_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o hannibal_n marshal_v his_o three_o batallion_n more_o than_o one_o stadium_n behind_o his_o second_o one_o and_o in_o do_v so_o say_v he_o he_o follow_v the_o roman_a custom_n observe_v this_o now_o a_o stadium_n be_v six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o foot_n and_o this_o want_v but_o ninety_o five_o foot_n of_o my_o allowance_n of_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o for_o a_o interval_n between_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n and_o for_o that_o remember_v that_o he_o say_v more_o than_o a_o stadium_n and_o you_o may_v believe_v without_o heresy_n it_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o another_o stadium_n and_o if_o so_o hannibal_n interval_n between_o his_o second_o and_o three_o batallion_n be_v seven_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o one_o foot_n that_o will_v be_v sixty_o one_o foot_n more_o than_o i_o require_v between_o the_o second_o and_o three_o roman_a batallion_n but_o lipsius_n will_v maintain_v his_o conjecture_n with_o two_o instance_n out_o of_o caesar_n but_o when_o they_o be_v examine_v they_o may_v happy_o make_v more_o against_o he_o than_o for_o he_o the_o first_o be_v when_o afranius_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o caesar_n in_o spain_n the_o ground_n between_o the_o two_o camp_n where_o the_o two_o army_n be_v range_v be_v but_o two_o thousand_o foot_n whereof_o say_v caesar_n every_o army_n take_v up_o a_o three_o the_o third_z third_z be_v leave_v for_o the_o charge_n will_v lipsius_n infer_v from_o this_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o consute_v lipsius_n his_o first_o instance_n consute_v the_o first_o and_o second_o batallion_n be_v but_o of_o fifty_o foot_n and_o that_o between_o the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o only_o of_o one_o hundred_o no_o such_o matter_n for_o where_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o scarce_o three_o foot_n between_o rank_n be_v enough_o and_o i_o doubt_v if_o ever_o more_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o heavy_a arm_v nay_o nor_o so_o much_o after_o their_o pila_fw-la be_v cast_v a_o three_o part_n of_o two_o thousand_o foot_n will_v be_v six_o hundred_o sixty-six_a draw_v up_o all_o the_o three_o batallion_n one_o behind_o another_o make_v each_o of_o they_o ten_o deep_a they_o will_v make_v in_o all_o thirty_o rank_n for_o which_o allow_v twenty_o nine_o distance_n each_o of_o three_o foot_n will_v make_v eighty-seven_a foot_n and_o thirty_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o thirty_o rank_n to_o stand_v on_o will_v amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o foot_n on_o which_o ground_n all_o the_o thirty_o rank_n can_v convenient_o enough_o stand_v now_o we_o have_v five_o hundred_o forty_o nine_o foot_n for_o the_o transverse_a interval_n which_o be_v two_o of_o the_o five_o hundred_o forty_o nine_o foot_n allow_v two_o hundred_o to_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o batallion_n and_o three_o hundred_o forty_o nine_o for_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o but_o here_o you_o will_v say_v the_o two_o transverse_a interval_n have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o space_n of_o ground_n as_o i_o require_v for_o they_o i_o grant_v it_o you_o and_o what_o then_o i_o do_v not_o oblige_v roman_a general_n to_o allow_v so_o much_o ground_n when_o they_o have_v it_o not_o but_o to_o give_v as_o much_o when_o convenient_o they_o can_v and_o even_o here_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o though_o caesar_n and_o afranius_n be_v pinch_v for_o want_v of_o ground_n yet_o both_o of_o they_o may_v have_v allow_v more_o by_o fifty_o foot_n to_o the_o least_o of_o the_o transverse_a interval_n than_o lipsius_n do_v to_o both_o the_o interval_n the_o second_o instance_n be_v when_o caesar_n say_v pompey_n draw_v up_o his_o army_n in_o thessaly_n so_o near_o his_o camp_n that_o dart_n can_v have_v be_v cast_v out_o of_o his_o fortification_n over_o the_o head_n of_o all_o his_o three_o batallion_n and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v the_o interval_n between_o they_o must_v have_v be_v of_o a_o very_a small_a extent_n to_o this_o i_o give_v a_o twofold_a confute_v his_o second_o instance_n confute_v answer_n first_o i_o suppose_v these_o dart_n be_v to_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o scorpion_n onager_n and_o catapult_n and_o if_o these_o or_o any_o of_o they_o can_v shoot_v spear_n as_o it_o be_v write_v of_o they_o over_o the_o danube_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o than_o i_o believe_v though_o i_o never_o see_v that_o river_n they_o can_v throw_v dart_n more_o than_o four_o stadiums_n or_o furlong_n which_o will_v be_v two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o foot_n and_o all_o the_o ground_n i_o require_v for_o a_o roman_a army_n marshal_v in_o three_o batallion_n one_o behind_o another_o allow_v six_o foot_n between_o rank_n and_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o between_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o batallion_n and_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o between_o the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o twelve_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o two_o foot_n my_o second_o answer_n be_v that_o at_o that_o time_n pompey_n have_v no_o mind_n to_o fight_v and_o therefore_o draw_v up_o near_o his_o camp_n that_o he_o may_v fall_v back_o to_o it_o when_o he_o please_v as_o he_o then_o do_v and_o so_o in_o marshal_n need_v not_o keep_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n of_o interval_n but_o the_o interval_n lipsius_n give_v between_o one_o maniple_n and_o another_o in_o all_o the_o three_o roman_a class_n of_o foot_n which_o be_v call_v the_o direct_a way_n or_o street_n not_o these_o transverse_a one_o whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v be_v yet_o more_o irrational_a and_o his_o examine_v lipsius_n his_o direct_a interval_n examine_v conjecture_n of_o they_o less_o obvious_a to_o sense_n as_o of_o the_o other_o he_o say_v if_o the_o velite_n be_v to_o stand_v in_o these_o interval_n they_o may_v be_v of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n if_o not_o of_o ten_o but_o i_o say_v first_o if_o the_o velite_n stand_v there_o they_o be_v no_o interval_n at_o all_o next_o if_o they_o be_v order_v to_o stand_v between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v as_o much_o of_o ground_n must_v be_v allow_v they_o as_o wherein_o they_o can_v convenient_o stand_v and_o fight_v now_o that_o can_v be_v certain_a but_o according_a to_o their_o number_n as_o suppose_v they_o twelve_o in_o front_n whether_o ten_o six_o or_o four_o deep_a it_o matter_n not_o lipsius_n must_v allow_v they_o twelve_o foot_n for_o their_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o thirty_o three_o foot_n for_o eleven_o distance_n between_o file_n and_o that_o be_v forty_o five_o foot_n where_o be_v then_o lipsius_n his_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n but_o lipsius_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o
left_a hand_n three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n draw_v up_o direct_o behind_o the_o three_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o four_o brigade_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o on_o their_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o brigade_n of_o horse_n draw_v up_o behind_o the_o interval_n appoint_v to_o be_v between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n which_o make_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n marshal_v as_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v compute_v thus_o compute_v longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o right_a wing_n each_o consist_v of_o 600_o horse_n and_o consequent_o of_o 200_o leader_n both_o of_o they_o 400_o leader_n each_z whereof_o have_v three_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v he_o require_v 1200_o foot_n and_o the_o interval_n 600_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o foot_n 24_o as_o much_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n add_v these_o together_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3648._o each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n and_o so_o the_o four_o brigade_n have_v 1200_o leader_n each_o of_o these_o have_v three_o foot_n allow_v he_o inde_fw-la 3600_o foot_n so_o every_o brigade_n have_v 900_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o must_v every_o interval_n have_v now_o there_o be_v three_o interval_n and_o three_o time_n 900_o amount_n to_o 2700._o there_o must_v be_v in_o every_o brigade_n two_o interval_n each_o of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o pike_n and_o musqueteer_n so_o 12_o foot_n in_o every_o one_o and_o in_o all_o the_o four_o 48._o add_v 48_o to_o 2700_o and_o both_o of_o they_o to_o 3600_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 6348._o so_o much_o ground_n be_v require_v for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o battle_n add_v 6348_o to_o 3648_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o horse_n the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 9996_o which_o will_v want_v four_o foot_n of_o two_o italian_a mile_n i_o shall_v neither_o trouble_v my_o reader_n nor_o myself_o to_o compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o two_o way_n of_o marshal_n this_o army_n of_o 16200_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v mean_v only_o in_o order_n to_o interval_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a a_o army_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o as_o many_o several_a figure_n and_o form_n as_o there_o may_v be_v general_n to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o the_o command_n of_o it_o between_o the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n there_o shall_v be_v as_o great_a distance_n of_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n of_o foot_n possess_v in_o its_o longitude_n but_o if_o the_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o three_o body_n than_o the_o distance_n between_o battle_n and_o rearguard_n must_v be_v double_a that_o distance_n that_o be_v between_o vanguard_n and_o battle_n that_o there_o be_v room_n for_o both_o to_o rally_v this_o be_v observe_v by_o two_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n in_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n follow_v therein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o interval_n between_o their_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o woman_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n of_o the_o general_n waggonmaster_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n our_o levy_a man_n be_v arm_v pay_v exercise_v discipline_v divide_v into_o troop_n company_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n with_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o sufficient_o proyid_v with_o general_a officer_n and_o a_o train_n of_o artillery_n and_o at_o length_n marshal_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n be_v now_o ready_a to_o march_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o baggage_n will_v disturb_v they_o unless_o it_o be_v put_v in_o some_o order_n the_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n wagon_n cart_n and_o horse_n load_v with_o baggage_n the_o needless_a number_n of_o woman_n and_o boy_n who_o follow_v army_n render_v a_o march_n slow_a uneasy_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o the_o latin_n give_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n just_o call_v impedimenta_fw-la baggage_n the_o right_a name_n of_o impedimenta_fw-la hindrance_n but_o because_o without_o some_o baggage_n a_o army_n can_v subsist_v it_o will_v be_v his_o ear_n who_o command_v in_o chief_a to_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o baggage_n may_v be_v as_o inconsiderable_a and_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o that_o it_o march_v in_o such_o order_n that_o every_o waggonman_n carter_n and_o baggage-man_n may_v know_v his_o own_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v neither_o disturb_v one_o another_o nor_o yet_o hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o army_n the_o place_n where_o the_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o knowledge_n the_o general_n have_v of_o his_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o baggage_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o the_o army_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o van_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o in_o these_o place_n there_o shall_v be_v foot_n baggage_n shall_v have_v convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n with_o it_o a_o convoy_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n strong_a or_o weak_a according_a as_o occasion_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o of_o convoy_n for_o baggage_n i_o shall_v say_v these_o few_o thing_n in_o general_a in_o they_o these_o horseman_n who_o be_v not_o very_o well_o mount_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v employ_v but_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v set_v there_o whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n that_o be_v sick_a lame_a or_o wound_v for_o that_o be_v to_o betray_v both_o they_o and_o the_o baggage_n to_o a_o enemy_n when_o convoy_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v for_o defence_n of_o their_o charge_n as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v for_o the_o desire_n of_o booty_n spur_v man_n to_o desperate_a attempt_n they_o shall_v if_o convenient_o they_o can_v cast_v themselves_o within_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n draw_v up_o round_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o whence_o musqueteer_n may_v do_v notable_a service_n and_o out_o of_o which_o retrenchment_n the_o horse_n may_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n make_v handsome_a sally_n if_o they_o can_v get_v this_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o put_v as_o much_o of_o the_o baggage_n or_o all_o of_o it_o if_o they_o may_v between_o they_o and_o their_o own_o army_n and_o themselves_o between_o the_o baggage_n and_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o if_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v both_o before_o and_o behind_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o though_o some_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n shall_v still_o follow_v the_o artillery_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v hold_v in_o all_o case_n and_o emergency_n the_o march_v of_o both_o army_n and_o baggage_n many_o time_n depend_v on_o contingent_n of_o which_o no_o determinate_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v the_o way_n to_o regulate_v baggage_n be_v to_o appoint_v under_o a_o severe_a penalty_n that_o no_o company_n troop_n or_o regiment_n shall_v have_v more_o wagon_n cart_n or_o baggage_n horse_n than_o such_o a_o set_a number_n already_o order_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o wagon_n cart_n and_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v determine_v which_o shall_v be_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v with_o full_a power_n to_o the_o waggonmaster_n general_n to_o make_v all_o that_o be_v over_o that_o number_n prize_n with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o all_o colonel_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o case_n of_o opposition_n in_o the_o former_a discourse_n we_o have_v see_v that_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a of_o this_o great_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n load_v their_o soldier_n like_o mule_n and_o ass_n this_o perhaps_o do_v suit_n those_o time_n better_a than_o it_o will_v do_v we_o but_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a allowance_n for_o carriage_n of_o a_o army_n baggage_n have_v be_v in_o the_o other_o extreme_a i_o shall_v instance_n four_o the_o swedish_n king_n and_o their_o general_n allow_v ten_o wagon_n to_o every_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o two_o to_o every_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o a_o sutler_n wagon_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o sometime_o two_o to_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o the_o wagon_n allow_v to_o wagon_n swedish_n allowance_n of_o wagon_n the_o field_n and_o staff-officer_n of_o regiment_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o cavalry_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o five_o thousand_o horse_n and_o these_o divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o troop_n and_o fifty_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n be_v think_v fair_a in_o the_o german_a war._n these_o hundred_o troop_n have_v for_o themselves_o a_o thousand_o wagon_n and_o a_o hundred_o for_o their_o sutler_n model_n these_o hundred_o troop_n in_o
be_v out-winged_a as_o assure_o he_o be_v it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v deep_a alexander_n at_o arbela_n but_o eight_o deep_a that_o the_o more_o ground_n he_o take_v up_o in_o front_n the_o less_o subject_n he_o be_v to_o that_o danger_n and_o this_o curtius_n confirm_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o several_a body_n have_v order_n give_v they_o to_o extend_v their_o batallion_n as_o far_a in_o length_n as_o without_o eminent_a danger_n they_o may_v lest_o say_v the_o same_o author_n they_o shall_v be_v environ_v i_o conceive_v then_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o alexander_n study_v how_o to_o make_v as_o large_a a_o front_n as_o feasible_o he_o may_v against_o so_o numerous_a a_o enemy_n he_o make_v his_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n phalange_n but_o eight_o deep_a as_o that_o which_o suit_v best_a with_o his_o present_a affair_n and_o as_o he_o have_v see_v other_o grecian_a captain_n do_v before_o he_o for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o make_v himself_o master_n 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or_o a_o little_a before_o come_v the_o plumbati_n or_o martioâ—arbuli_n in_o fashion_n with_o the_o roman_n vegetius_n tell_v we_o what_o great_a service_n lead-caster_n lead-caster_n they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n but_o do_v we_o not_o the_o favour_n to_o describe_v the_o thing_n itself_o they_o throw_v bullet_n of_o lead_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v whether_o livy_n mention_n any_o of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v among_o those_o roman_a slinger_n who_o beat_v the_o gallo-greciant_a at_o olympâ—â—_n the_o fustibalus_n battoon-slingers_a battoon-slingers_a or_o battoonsling_n be_v a_o sling_n of_o leather_n tie_v to_o a_o battoon_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o which_o the_o slinger_n manage_v with_o both_o his_o hand_n and_o out_o of_o which_o say_v vegetius_n he_o throw_v stone_n as_o out_o of_o a_o onagra_n with_o so_o great_a force_n that_o neither_o target_n head-piece_n or_o corslet_n can_v resist_v it_o but_o these_o expression_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o plumbati_n or_o lead-caster_n and_o the_o fustibalarii_n or_o battoon-slingers_a but_o that_o the_o first_o cast_v lead_v and_o the_o last_o great_a stone_n but_o how_o far_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o not_o archer_n be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o velite_n till_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n auxiliary_n archer_n auxiliary_n and_o even_o then_o they_o be_v rather_o auxiliary_n than_o either_o roman_n or_o ally_n they_o be_v however_o make_v good_a use_n of_o after_o hannibal_n invade_v italy_n vegetius_n in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n affirm_v for_o which_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o history_n that_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o youth_n of_o rome_n be_v train_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bow_n for_o
troop_n let_v we_o see_v how_o polybius_n will_v help_v we_o in_o all_o or_o in_o any_o of_o these_o in_o his_o six_o book_n he_o say_v in_o old_a time_n two_o hundred_o horse_n be_v assign_v for_o every_o legion_n and_o these_o be_v elect_v after_o the_o foot_n be_v levy_v but_o in_o his_o horseman_n election_n of_o the_o horseman_n own_o time_n and_o long_o before_o it_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v appoint_v for_o every_o legion_n and_o be_v elect_v before_o the_o foot_n and_o elect_v they_o be_v not_o by_o the_o consul_n or_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v but_o by_o the_o censor_n this_o be_v all_o polybius_n say_v of_o their_o election_n out_o of_o history_n we_o find_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o of_o the_o equestral_a dignity_n that_o be_v gentleman_n yet_o in_o ancient_a time_n they_o serve_v on_o horse_n buy_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n and_o when_o any_o of_o they_o commit_v gross_a fault_n their_o horse_n be_v take_v from_o they_o which_o be_v just_o account_v a_o ignominy_n thereafter_o when_o they_o come_v to_o serve_v on_o their_o own_o horse_n yet_o on_o the_o public_a wage_n there_o be_v a_o lustration_n or_o muster_v of_o they_o when_o the_o censor_n please_v but_o ordinary_o it_o be_v once_o in_o five_o year_n of_o all_o those_o of_o that_o rank_n who_o be_v able_a both_o for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o purse_n to_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o then_o they_o ride_v in_o state_n on_o the_o best_a horse_n and_o in_o the_o best_a equipage_n they_o be_v able_a to_o procure_v and_o past_a by_o the_o place_n where_o the_o censor_n sit_v as_o judge_n all_o those_o who_o can_v be_v accuse_v of_o no_o misdemeanour_n ride_v on_o without_o interruption_n but_o such_o as_o the_o censor_n can_v charge_v with_o enormous_a crime_n be_v stop_v and_o command_v to_o sell_v their_o horse_n which_o be_v no_o small_a disgrace_n to_o they_o and_o this_o muster_n or_o show_v be_v call_v transvectio_fw-la transvectio_fw-la transvectio_fw-la of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o horseman_n their_o guard_n and_o watch_n and_o of_o their_o pay_n polybius_n speak_v not_o much_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n he_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o the_o distance_n between_o troop_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n the_o same_o polybius_n aver_v that_o the_o three_o hundred_o horse_n levy_v or_o elect_v vegetius_n first_o difference_n between_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n for_o each_o legion_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o troop_n every_o one_o whereof_o consist_v of_o thirty_o rider_n which_o make_v up_o complete_o three_o hundred_o horse_n here_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n differ_v the_o last_o allow_v thirty_o two_o horseman_n to_o a_o troop_n and_o the_o first_o but_o thirty_o for_o certain_o in_o company_n of_o so_o small_a a_o number_n two_o make_v a_o considerable_a difference_n out_o of_o these_o thirty_o rider_n say_v polybius_n three_o prafecti_n be_v choose_v by_o who_o he_o tell_v not_o but_o let_v we_o suppose_v by_o the_o consul_n or_o some_o of_o the_o tribune_n he_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o troop_n in_o his_o absence_n he_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n have_v it_o and_o he_o not_o be_v present_a the_o three_o do_v officiate_v these_o three_o choose_v three_o other_o to_o be_v agminis_fw-la or_o turmae_fw-la coactores_fw-la for_o so_o casaubon_n render_v it_o in_o latin_n the_o first_o elect_v praefectus_fw-la be_v call_v turmae_fw-la ductor_n the_o leader_n of_o the_o troop_n the_o other_o two_o be_v call_v decuriones_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v one_o of_o they_o carry_v the_o vexillum_fw-la or_o banner_n though_o polybius_n tell_v we_o nothing_o of_o it_o and_o yet_o it_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v omit_v since_o every_o troop_n have_v a_o standard_n now_o by_o this_o reckon_n of_o polybius_n so_o weak_a a_o troop_n be_v but_o a_o caporalship_n and_o he_o who_o command_v it_o but_o a_o caporal_n the_o two_o other_o decurion_n but_o leader_n of_o file_n and_o the_o three_o agminis_fw-la coactores_fw-la but_o bringer_n up_o for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v supernumerary_a but_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o of_o they_o be_v member_n of_o the_o troop_n and_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o thirty_o so_o that_o without_o those_o six_o polybius_n his_o turmae_fw-la be_v but_o twenty_o four_o strong_a nor_o shall_v you_o find_v that_o any_o great_a pay_n be_v allow_v to_o any_o of_o these_o six_o than_o to_o the_o other_o four_o and_o twenty_o and_o this_o difference_n be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v between_o polybius_n and_o vegetius_n that_o the_o first_o speak_v of_o three_o decurion_n and_o as_o many_o sub-decurions_a the_o last_o only_o of_o one_o decurion_n nor_o difference_n second_o difference_n indeed_o do_v i_o find_v at_o all_o any_o warrant_n in_o history_n for_o vegetius_n his_o thirty_o two_o rider_n since_o all_o agree_v that_o for_o most_o part_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v with_o each_o legion_n and_o these_o three_o hundred_o divide_v into_o ten_o turmas_fw-la which_o make_v thirty_o for_o each_o troop_n but_o we_o shall_v examine_v how_o he_o dispose_v of_o these_o two_o supernumery_n rider_n when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o his_o legion_n how_o deep_a or_o how_o many_o in_o file_n these_o troop_n be_v none_o of_o our_o tactic_n we_o deepness_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n not_o tell_v we_o direct_o write_v no_o more_o than_o they_o do_v of_o the_o depth_n or_o the_o height_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o inexcusable_a oversight_n for_o without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o we_o can_v neither_o know_v nor_o guess_v what_o ground_n a_o maniple_n cohort_n troop_n or_o legion_n can_v or_o may_v take_v up_o vegetius_n give_v we_o some_o ground_n to_o conjecture_v that_o in_o his_o opinion_n the_o foot_n be_v eleven_o in_o file_n for_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o he_o say_v for_o every_o carrobalist_n mule_n be_v appoint_v to_o draw_v it_o and_o to_o manage_v and_o have_v a_o care_n of_o it_o a_o contubernium_fw-la of_o soldier_n that_o be_v say_v he_o eleven_o man_n this_o will_v not_o positive_o make_v eleven_o in_o file_n yet_o it_o give_v a_o strong_a presumption_n that_o vegetius_n think_v so_o which_o if_o he_o do_v and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o all_o master_n of_o the_o military_a art_n have_v take_v up_o their_o measure_n wrong_v in_o appoint_v foot_n file_n to_o be_v of_o even_o and_o equal_a number_n as_o sixteen_o twelve_o ten_o eight_o and_o six_o as_o to_o the_o roman_a horse_n some_o may_v have_v mistake_v polybius_n who_o think_v he_o insinuate_v they_o be_v marshal_v eight_o in_o file_n for_o who_o will_v consider_v right_o what_o he_o write_v will_v find_v that_o in_o that_o place_n he_o speak_v not_o at_o all_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n the_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o twelve_o book_n of_o his_o history_n where_o he_o put_v himself_o to_o much_o trouble_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o vanity_n and_o absurdity_n of_o calisthenes_n polybius_n against_o calisthenes_n calisthenes_n his_o relation_n of_o that_o great_a battle_n fight_v in_o cilicia_n between_o darius_n and_o alexander_n where_o that_o historian_n say_v that_o the_o persian_a king_n march_v with_o thirty_o thousand_o horse_n in_o battle_n and_o call_v up_o his_o mercenary_n to_o he_o who_o be_v as_o many_o all_o this_o in_o a_o ground_n not_o above_o fourteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n in_o latitude_n which_o make_v but_o one_o italian_a mile_n and_o three_o quarter_n as_o also_o that_o alexander_n march_v in_o battle_n with_o his_o whole_a foot_n forty_o stadia_fw-la five_o italian_a mile_n in_o a_o uneven_a woody_a and_o break_a ground_n the_o impossibility_n of_o both_o which_o polybius_n as_o a_o experience_a captain_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v and_o this_o he_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o he_o have_v first_o consider_v how_o deep_a the_o horse_n be_v marshal_v otherwise_o he_o can_v not_o know_v of_o what_o longitude_n the_o front_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o horseman_n will_v be_v whether_o they_o will_v require_v more_o ground_n than_o the_o fourteen_o furlong_n allow_v by_o calisthenes_n as_o no_o doubt_n they_o do_v and_o therefore_o he_o agree_v on_o eight_o deep_a his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o just_a battle_n say_v he_o the_o horse_n battalion_n be_v so_o order_v for_o most_o part_n that_o its_o deepness_n consist_v of_o eight_o rider_n now_o first_o he_o say_v for_o most_o part_n ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la not_o always_o for_o indeed_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o know_v well_o enough_o it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o second_o he_o speak_v there_o of_o persian_a and_o gracian_a army_n and_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o deepness_n of_o their_o horse_n squadron_n
legion_n 300_o horse_n yet_o must_v not_o that_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o that_o these_o 300_o horse_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o member_n or_o part_n of_o that_o legion_n nay_o most_o author_n disjoin_v they_o and_o say_v so_o many_o legion_n and_o so_o many_o horse_n be_v raise_v let_v caesar_n a_o author_n beyond_o all_o exception_n be_v judg._n in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n he_o say_v he_o give_v to_o his_o legate_n labienus_n the_o same_o who_o afterward_o desert_v he_o four_o legion_n and_o keep_v six_o with_o himself_o and_o that_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a he_o mean_v only_a foot_n he_o subjoin_v that_o he_o order_v he_o to_o take_v a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n with_o he_o how_o many_o he_o tell_v not_o but_o if_o every_o legion_n be_v to_o have_v a_o set_a number_n of_o horse_n that_o great_a captain_n who_o lose_v no_o word_n in_o his_o commentary_n need_v not_o have_v mention_v horse_n for_o caesar_n prove_v from_o caesar_n when_o he_o say_v he_o send_v four_o legion_n we_o shall_v have_v know_v that_o 2004_o horse_n be_v send_v according_a to_o vegetius_n his_o account_n of_o 726_o horse_n for_o every_o legion_n or_o 1200_o according_a to_o the_o true_a account_n of_o 300_o for_o every_o legion_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n he_o send_v cassius_n longinus_n to_o thessaly_n with_o one_o legion_n and_o two_o hundred_o horse_n not_o with_o â—26_n nor_o yet_o with_o 300._o he_o senâ—_n calvisiâ—s_n sabinus_n to_o aetolia_n with_o five_o cohort_n and_o a_o few_o horse_n he_o send_v câ—eias_n domitius_n to_o macedon_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o 500_o horse_n hear_v he_o speak_v once_o more_o for_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v hear_v he_o tell_v we_o in_o that_o same_o book_n that_o sâ—ipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n bring_v out_o of_o syria_n to_o greece_n omnes_fw-la legiones_fw-la equitesque_fw-la all_o the_o legion_n and_o the_o horseman_n if_o horse_n belong_v proper_o to_o legion_n why_o do_v he_o distinguish_v they_o who_o know_v â—he_n military_a art_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o art_n best_o of_o any_o but_o vegetius_n shall_v be_v invincible_a for_o i_o unless_o he_o beat_v himself_o which_o he_o will_v present_o do_v for_o notwithstanding_o all_o he_o have_v say_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n yet_o in_o the_o 15_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n he_o confess_v that_o equites_fw-la locantur_fw-la in_o cornibus_fw-la horseman_n be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n and_o in_o the_o 17_o chapter_n he_o say_v equites_fw-la ponuniur_fw-fr in_fw-la cornibus_fw-la it_o a_o vi_o loricaâ—â—_n amnes_fw-la juncti_fw-la sint_fw-la peditibus_fw-la the_o horseman_n be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n so_o that_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n join_v with_o the_o foot_n what_o mean_v that_o join_v with_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v that_o one_o part_n of_o they_o join_v with_o the_o foot_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a and_o so_o himself_o clear_v it_o in_o that_o very_a chapter_n where_o he_o say_v if_o horseman_n be_v too_o weak_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_n footman_n who_o himself_o and_o out_o of_o vegetius_n himself_o be_v swift_a arm_v with_o light_a target_n and_o exercise_v in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n be_v to_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o for_o foot_n mix_v with_o the_o horse_n and_o horse_n join_v to_o the_o foot_n be_v two_o several_a thing_n and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n he_o say_v the_o horse_n be_v call_v the_o wing_n because_o they_o protect_v the_o foot_n ad_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la alarnm_fw-la to_o the_o similitude_n of_o wing_n let_v now_o any_o man_n reconcile_v vegetius_n to_o himself_o and_o he_o and_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o soon_o good_a friend_n but_o the_o hastati_fw-la make_v a_o terrible_a clamour_n and_o cry_v they_o have_v wrong_v do_v they_o error_n four_o error_n by_o vegetius_n in_o marshal_n the_o principes_fw-la before_o they_o they_o say_v that_o be_v the_o young_a and_o least_o experience_a it_o be_v some_o honour_n do_v to_o they_o to_o place_v they_o in_o the_o first_o battalion_n for_o thereby_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o first_o fury_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o many_o time_n they_o valiant_o repel_v if_o not_o they_o serve_v at_o least_o as_o the_o great_a turk_n asapi_fw-la to_o blunt_v both_o the_o enemy_n courage_n and_o sword_n the_o principes_fw-la cry_v as_o loud_o that_o vegetius_n have_v robe_v they_o of_o the_o dignity_n they_o always_o have_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n and_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o restorer_n of_o the_o battle_n when_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v worsted_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v so_o good_a reason_n to_o complain_v as_o the_o triarii_n who_o we_o shall_v hear_v anon_o and_o assure_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v very_o strange_a that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o mention_a place_n but_o all_o along_o in_o his_o whole_a treatise_n our_o author_n marshal_n the_o principes_fw-la before_o the_o hastati_fw-la against_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o all_o history_n livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v how_o lenus_fw-la the_o consul_n draw_v up_o his_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n the_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o rear_n against_o the_o gaul_n and_o then_o be_v the_o roman_a discipline_n strict_o observe_v so_o be_v the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n when_o marcellus_n fight_v at_o canusium_n with_o hannibal_n liv._o lib._n 27._o and_o in_o his_o 37_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o scipio_n asiaâ—icus_n in_o the_o battle_n he_o fight_v with_o antiochus_n order_v his_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n the_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o that_o i_o may_v not_o weary_a my_o reader_n with_o instance_n i_o believe_v and_o upon_o good_a ground_n that_o in_o all_o livy_n decade_n that_o be_v extant_a vegetius_n nor_o any_o for_o he_o shall_v not_o read_v that_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v place_v behind_o the_o principes_fw-la except_o once_o that_o it_o be_v write_v i_o suppose_v not_o by_o himself_o in_o his_o thirty_o book_n that_o scipiâ—_n in_o his_o battle_n against_o sip_n 〈…〉_o asarubal_n marshal_v the_o principes_fw-la before_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o lipsius_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o this_o place_n be_v falsify_v since_o polybius_n out_o of_o who_o it_o be_v like_o livy_n have_v the_o story_n write_v the_o very_a contrary_n that_o be_v that_o scipio_n marshal_v the_o principes_fw-la behind_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o if_o this_o place_n be_v not_o corrupt_v than_o livius_n shall_v contradict_v himself_o for_o in_o his_o eight_o book_n he_o say_v once_o for_o all_o hastati_fw-la omnium_fw-la primi_fw-la pugnam_fw-la inibant_fw-la the_o javelineer_n say_v he_o first_o of_o all_o begin_v the_o battle_n and_o sure_o the_o same_o scipio_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o zama_n against_o hannibal_n place_v the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n by_o a_o good_a token_n for_o they_o be_v so_o mix_v with_o the_o enemy_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o found_v a_o retreat_n for_o they_o that_o he_o may_v have_v ground_n to_o bring_v his_o principes_fw-la up_z to_o the_o medley_n which_o the_o same_o livy_n report_v to_o we_o in_o the_o five_o place_n polybius_n complain_v that_o vegetius_n have_v murder_v five_o of_o his_o error_n five_o error_n centurion_n for_o he_o in_o his_o six_o book_n appoint_v sixty_o for_o every_o legion_n whereof_o vegetius_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n produce_v but_o five_o and_o fifty_o yet_o he_o need_v not_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o juridical_a trial_n for_o this_o assassination_n true_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o polybius_n his_o legion_n consist_v but_o of_o 3000_o heavy_a arm_v shall_v have_v sixty_o centurion_n and_o that_o of_o vegetius_n which_o be_v a_o hundred_o more_o than_o twice_o as_o strong_a shall_v have_v but_o 55_o for_o all_o his_o 6100_o be_v heavy_a arm_v as_o he_o describe_v they_o in_o that_o same_o chapter_n i_o can_v fancy_v no_o reason_n for_o this_o but_o that_o it_o be_v his_o fancy_n to_o write_v so_o i_o confess_v indeed_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n by_o romulus_n that_o band_n of_o man_n which_o be_v call_v a_o century_n consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o so_o the_o centurion_n be_v no_o more_o but_o thirty_o and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n in_o a_o legion_n of_o that_o same_o strength_n may_v be_v sixty_o for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantery_n though_o the_o particular_a band_n of_o a_o legion_n come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n perhaps_o but_o of_o
he_o speak_v there_o of_o macedonian_a and_o persian_a warrior_n and_o be_v confute_v calisthenes_n his_o history_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o issus_n between_o alexander_n and_o daâ—ius_n as_o i_o note_v before_o achilles_n terduzzi_n imagine_v the_o roman_a foot_n to_o have_v be_v twelve_o in_o file_n but_o that_o be_v to_o make_v good_a his_o conjecture_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n a_o consular_a army_n take_v up_o whereof_o i_o may_v chance_v to_o speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o common_a opinion_n carry_v i_o along_o with_o it_o that_o both_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n ordinary_o be_v deep_a roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n teâ—_n deep_a marshal_v ten_o in_o file_n but_o upon_o emergency_n general_n may_v alter_v it_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o strong_a reason_n for_o it_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o weak_a which_o be_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v decurio_fw-la and_o he_o of_o the_o file_n of_o foot_n decâ—nus_n for_o this_o last_o be_v appropriate_v to_o other_o office_n and_o the_o first_o by_o aelian_n translator_n be_v give_v to_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o macedonian_a file_n which_o consist_v of_o sixteen_o but_o this_o supposition_n as_o probable_a we_o must_v make_v the_o basis_n or_o ground_n on_o which_o to_o build_v our_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o interval_n of_o several_a body_n and_o class_n in_o which_o both_o our_o author_n give_v we_o small_a assistance_n yet_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o all_o i_o can_v pick_v out_o of_o they_o or_o other_o on_o that_o subject_a when_o polybius_n in_o his_o twelve_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o for_o most_o part_n horseman_n be_v range_v eight_o depth_n meaning_n i_o think_v the_o persian_a horse_n he_o subjoin_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o interval_n between_o several_a troop_n but_o what_o that_o interval_n be_v he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v pity_n he_o who_o know_v thing_n so_o well_o shall_v needless_o have_v keep_v they_o up_o from_o we_o as_o secret_n the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o troop_n do_v not_o weigh_v much_o because_o say_v he_o they_o troop_n interval_n between_o troop_n must_v have_v ground_n for_o conversion_n that_o be_v to_o face_n to_o either_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n or_o by_o any_o of_o they_o to_o the_o rear_n if_o any_o of_o these_o be_v needful_a whole_a squadron_n of_o four_o six_o or_o eight_o troop_n join_v together_o may_v do_v it_o as_o easy_o and_o convenient_o as_o single_a troop_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o file_n at_o most_o but_o conversion_n on_o that_o same_o ground_n be_v seldom_o necessary_a never_o convenient_a but_o be_v leave_v to_o guess_v how_o many_o foot_n of_o interval_n troop_n ten_o deep_a conjecture_v conjecture_v require_v one_o from_o another_o i_o conjecture_v eight_o foot_n which_o i_o ground_n on_o that_o the_o same_o polybius_n say_v in_o that_o same_o twelve_o book_n which_o be_v that_o a_o stadium_n or_o furlong_n contain_v eight_o hundred_o horse_n draw_v up_o in_o battle_n then_o i_o say_v first_o a_o stadium_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o italian_a mile_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n second_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n be_v at_o our_o author_n rate_n eight_o in_o file_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o front_n three_o for_o every_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o horse_n back_o and_o room_n to_o handle_v his_o arm_n i_o allow_v with_o other_o four_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o so_o for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n four_o hundred_o foot_n four_o according_a to_o polybius_n and_o i_o suppose_v the_o polybius_n out_o of_o polybius_n roman_a rule_n the_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a troop_n and_o in_o each_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o rider_n so_o there_o will_v be_v twenty_o â—â—x_n complete_a troop_n and_o twenty_o horseman_n for_o the_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n five_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n require_v twenty_o six_o interval_n now_o allow_v with_o polybius_n a_o stadium_n for_o eight_o hundred_o horseman_n that_o be_v for_o one_o hundred_o in_o front_n and_o for_o these_o hundred_o allow_v with_o i_o four_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o you_o will_v have_v of_o six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o your_o twenty_o six_o interval_n two_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o foot_n and_o that_o will_v be_v eight_o foot_n and_o near_o one_o half_a for_o every_o interval_n so_o my_o opinion_n be_v if_o i_o understand_v polybius_n right_a that_o the_o interval_n between_o two_o single_a troop_n be_v about_o eight_o foot_n but_o let_v we_o fancy_v the_o roman_a horse_n to_o have_v be_v ten_o in_o file_n and_o so_o every_o troop_n only_o three_o in_o front_n for_o so_o i_o probable_o think_v they_o be_v and_o let_v uâ—_n remember_v that_o in_o every_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v twenty_o roman_a troop_n and_o forty_o of_o the_o ally_n in_o all_o sixty_o fancy_n those_o sixty_o troop_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o field_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n as_o several_a time_n all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v on_o one_o wing_n they_o must_v have_v fifty_o nine_o interval_n next_o remember_v that_o sixty_o troop_n at_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n be_v compose_v of_o eighteen_o hundred_o interval_n too_o many_o interval_n rider_n these_o draw_v up_o ten_o in_o file_n make_v one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o leadder_n allow_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o four_o foot_n that_o will_v amount_v to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n then_o for_o fifty_o nine_o interval_n which_o according_a to_o polybius_n sixty_o troop_n must_v have_v you_o be_v to_o allow_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n at_o eight_o foot_n for_o each_o interval_n i_o suppose_v still_o that_o which_o i_o can_v scarce_o believe_v of_o so_o many_o interval_n but_o add_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o foot_n how_o these_o sixty_o troop_n marshal_v so_o thin_a so_o few_o in_o front_n with_o so_o many_o interval_n can_v stand_v out_o the_o brisk_a and_o furious_a charge_n of_o a_o numerous_a and_o courageous_a enemy_n be_v beyond_o my_o fancy_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v interline_v with_o wellarmed_n foot_n as_o to_o the_o distance_n between_o body_n of_o foot_n polybius_n in_o the_o twelâ—th_o book_n polybius_n overâ—ight_n in_o polybius_n so_o often_o cite_v allow_v express_o six_o foot_n between_o file_n but_o he_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n confute_v the_o impertinent_a relation_n of_o calisthenes_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o or_o elsewhere_o oâ—_n distance_n between_o roman_a file_n and_o yet_o here_o be_v a_o inadvertency_n in_o that_o great_a man_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v another_o immediate_o in_o vegetius_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n polybius_n allow_v six_o thousand_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o the_o front_n or_o longitude_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o man_n sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o we_o have_v one_o thousand_o file_n between_o every_o one_o of_o the_o file_n he_o allowâ—_n six_o foot_n of_o distance_n so_o the_o distance_n do_v complete_o take_v up_o his_o six_o thousand_o foot_n and_o so_o no_o ground_n be_v allow_v to_o stand_v on_o to_o which_o if_o he_o have_v advert_v he_o will_v have_v allow_v one_o foot_n to_o each_o man_n whereon_o to_o stand_v and_o consequent_o seven_o thousand_o foot_n for_o one_o thousand_o file_n in_o front_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o question_v the_o six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n be_v i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o much_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o pike-man_n between_o rank_n on_o their_o march_n though_o not_o between_o file_n and_o that_o in_o stand_v in_o battle_n they_o use_v densatio_n three_o foot_n of_o distance_n and_o in_o fight_n constipate_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a vegetius_n be_v more_o inexcusable_a than_o polybius_n for_o he_o allow_v for_o the_o rank_n one_o foot_n vegetius_n two_o in_o vegetius_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o in_o these_o word_n singuli_fw-la bellatâ—res_fw-la stantes_fw-la singulos_fw-la obtinent_fw-la pedes_fw-la every_o combatant_n say_v he_o take_v up_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n but_o that_o he_o allow_v none_o for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o file_n i_o prove_v thus_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o allow_v three_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n say_v that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n marshal_v file_n the_o first_o in_o distance_n of_o file_n six_o deep_a make_v a_o front_n of_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o and_o so_o it_o do_v with_o a_o fraction_n only_o of_o four_o hitherto_o he_o be_v very_o right_a but_o conclude_v very_o
of_o the_o author_n but_o since_o i_o intend_v not_o in_o this_o treatise_n to_o present_v my_o reader_n with_o any_o figure_n of_o my_o own_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v he_o with_o any_o that_o belong_v to_o another_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n if_o a_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a have_v not_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v he_o must_v marshal_v his_o army_n according_a to_o the_o advantage_n or_o difficulty_n of_o it_o but_o if_o he_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n than_o no_o doubt_n he_o may_v model_n his_o force_n as_o he_o please_v without_o tie_v himself_o to_o any_o other_o prescript_n or_o precedent_n of_o other_o notwithstanding_o which_o he_o must_v be_v very_o wary_a not_o to_o cast_v his_o army_n in_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o intricacy_n such_o as_o may_v make_v both_o the_o order_n and_o observe_v 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when_o he_o come_v to_o have_v a_o petty_a army_n under_o his_o own_o peculiar_a command_n all_o go_v well_o with_o he_o and_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o high_a employment_n fortune_n attend_v he_o more_o and_o more_o so_o that_o he_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o successful_a general_n queen_n christina_n of_o sweden_n have_v but_o observe_v the_o change_n when_o he_o come_v to_o serve_v the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n in_o his_o war_n against_o pole_n this_o koningsmark_n be_v pitiful_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o dantzicker_n and_o keep_v prisoner_n till_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v it_o have_v indeed_o be_v observe_v of_o some_o that_o they_o have_v lose_v all_o the_o battle_n that_o ever_o they_o fight_v as_o if_o some_o inexorable_a destiny_n have_v constant_o fortunate_a some_o never_o fortunate_a attend_v their_o person_n how_o brave_a and_o accomplish_a soever_o they_o be_v they_o say_v never_o battle_n be_v win_v for_o henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n 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both_o the_o battle_n and_o his_o life_n there_o be_v another_o extravagant_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v good_a for_o a_o general_n to_o be_v once_o beat_v that_o he_o may_v thereafter_o shun_v those_o error_n which_o occasion_v his_o overthrow_n opinion_n a_o odd_a opinion_n but_o the_o escape_n neglect_n and_o mistake_v in_o the_o time_n of_o action_n be_v so_o many_o that_o if_o a_o general_n do_v not_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v they_o till_o by_o every_o one_o of_o they_o he_o lose_v a_o battle_n conflict_n or_o rencounter_n he_o shall_v never_o win_v a_o field_n in_o his_o life_n a_o great_a deal_n better_o it_o be_v say_v monluc_n for_o a_o captain_n to_o be_v wise_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o other_o man_n than_o by_o his_o own_o and_o by_o the_o neglect_n of_o other_o who_o thereby_o have_v shipwrack_v themselves_o to_o steer_v his_o course_n so_o that_o he_o split_v not_o upon_o that_o same_o rock_n many_o there_o be_v who_o fancy_n the_o safety_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v wrap_v up_o in_o the_o safety_n of_o he_o who_o command_v it_o and_o therefore_o will_v not_o have_v he_o to_o hazard_v his_o perâ—on_n but_o a_o distinction_n must_v be_v allow_v here_o for_o if_o the_o prince_n or_o monarch_n be_v in_o person_n at_o the_o medley_n when_o he_o expose_v himself_o to_o danger_n he_o hazard_v more_o than_o his_o army_n for_o he_o hazard_v the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n yet_o many_o prince_n have_v do_v it_o cyrus_n the_o great_a alexander_n caesar_n henry_n the_o five_o of_o england_n and_z henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n charles_n gustavus_n the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n all_o of_o they_o successful_o and_o his_o majesty_n now_o reign_v magnanimous_o aâ—_n worcâ—ster_n but_o indeed_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v do_v by_o they_o but_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n but_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o any_o other_o general_n except_o sovereign_a prince_n whatever_o â—ame_n they_o bear_v i_o say_v he_o who_o will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o hazard_v their_o person_n rob_v theâ—_n person_n general_n shall_v hazard_v their_o person_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o essential_a quality_n of_o their_o office_n and_o that_o be_v courage_n if_o a_o great_a captain_n be_v never_o so_o prudent_a never_o so_o know_v in_o the_o military_a art_n nâ—ver_o so_o vigilant_a never_o so_o industrious_a if_o he_o be_v not_o stout_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v worth_a nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o mean_v for_o all_o that_o that_o he_o shall_v he_o rash_a there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o stare_v and_o stark_o mad_a he_o shall_v not_o hazard_v his_o person_n but_o where_o his_o presence_n be_v necessary_a as_o when_o he_o see_v or_o understand_v that_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n the_o enemy_n be_v prevail_v against_o such_o a_o part_n of_o his_o army_n thither_o he_o shall_v run_v for_o his_o presence_n may_v restore_v the_o fight_n as_o have_v be_v see_v a_o thousand_o time_n and_o it_o be_v occasion_n in_o several_a occasion_n certain_a that_o in_o time_n of_o action_n hardiness_n be_v more_o necessary_a than_o prudence_n neither_o be_v it_o enough_o for_o he_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n to_o hazard_v himself_o but_o he_o must_v do_v it_o also_o in_o view_v those_o fort_n and_o town_n which_o he_o be_v to_o besiege_v or_o the_o ground_n where_o he_o be_v either_o to_o fight_v or_o encamp_v yet_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o well_o guard_v that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v surprise_v by_o any_o sudden_a eruption_n or_o the_o ambush_n of_o a_o enemy_n as_o the_o roman_a consul_n marcellus_n and_o claudius_n be_v by_o one_o of_o hannibal_n nor_o must_v a_o general_n courage_n stop_v here_o for_o where_o he_o find_v his_o advantage_n fear_v the_o weaken_n of_o his_o own_o or_o the_o strengthen_n of_o his_o enemy_n force_n he_o shall_v not_o only_o hazard_v but_o shall_v dare_v the_o enemy_n to_o battle_n and_o fight_v it_o bold_o for_o occasion_n be_v so_o disdainful_a and_o nice_a that_o if_o you_o do_v not_o court_v she_o when_o she_o offer_v calva_fw-la front_n capillata_fw-la est_fw-la posâ—haâ—_n occasiâ—_n calva_fw-la herself_o you_o will_v hardly_o ever_o find_v she_o in_o so_o good_a a_o humour_n again_o let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v that_o a_o general_n may_v be_v courageous_a and_o yet_o not_o hazard_v himself_o he_o must_v show_v his_o courage_n sometime_o yea_o many_o time_n it_o be_v good_a for_o he_o to_o be_v cautious_a but_o he_o must_v be_v adventurous_a too_o and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o this_o he_o may_v happy_o preserve_v what_o he_o have_v gain_v but_o can_v probable_o make_v any_o considerable_a new_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v upon_o such_o a_o subject_n that_o monluc_n say_v vn_fw-fr chef_fw-fr qui_fw-fr craint_n ne_fw-fr fera_fw-fr rien_fw-fr de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr a_o chieftain_n who_o fear_n will_v never_o do_v good_a but_o i_o think_v i_o hear_v some_o say_v that_o a_o general_n shall_v hazard_v his_o person_n lest_o of_o all_o in_o battle_n because_o if_o he_o fall_v the_o rout_n of_o the_o army_n immediate_o follow_v i_o battle_n general_n shall_v hazard_v themselves_o â—â—_o battle_n grant_v it_o have_v sometime_o fall_v out_o so_o but_o that_o must_v not_o make_v a_o general_a rule_n for_o as_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o general_n so_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o army_n follow_v not_o necessary_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o general_n many_o brave_a general_n and_o captain_n when_o their_o army_n be_v irrecoverable_o rout_v in_o the_o field_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v and_o so_o preserve_v themselves_o to_o better_a fortune_n so_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n many_o army_n have_v be_v save_v and_o have_v gain_v the_o day_n after_o their_o general_n have_v either_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o be_v kill_v in_o it_o at_o a_o battle_n fight_v with_o the_o imperialist_n army_n loss_n of_o a_o general_n do_v not_o lose_v a_o army_n in_o the_o year_n 1638_o paltsgrave_n birkifeld_n flee_v with_o most_o of_o his_o general_a person_n yet_o his_o army_n gain_v the_o victory_n and_o in_o our_o own_o day_n the_o general_n of_o three_o army_n join_v at_o that_o time_n all_o in_o one_o flee_v before_o the_o battle_n be_v half_o fight_v yet_o the_o mishap_n be_v that_o the_o general_n who_o fight_v against_o they_o and_o brave_o keep_v the_o field_n lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n titus_n livius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o two_o decii_n father_n and_o son_n both_o consul_n in_o two_o several_a battle_n which_o the_o roman_n fight_v with_o their_o neighbour_n in_o italy_n when_o they_o see_v their_o own_o man_n begin_v to_o fly_v consecrate_v and_o devote_a themselves_o and_o their_o prevail_a enemy_n to_o mother_n tellus_n and_o all_o the_o infernal_a spirit_n with_o all_o the_o hellish_a rite_n of_o that_o heathen_a action_n describe_v at_o length_n by_o livy_n
of_o 10000_o man_n make_v square_a battle_n and_o therefore_o their_o 10000_o man_n be_v draw_v up_o a_o 100_o in_o rank_n and_o a_o 100_o in_o file_n and_o a_o 100_o time_n a_o 100_o make_v 10000_o and_o so_o their_o batallion_n be_v square_a of_o man_n and_o may_v have_v be_v also_o of_o ground_n if_o they_o allow_v no_o great_a interval_n of_o rank_n than_o of_o file_n which_o hardly_o they_o can_v do_v be_v they_o be_v all_o offensive_o arm_v with_o pike_n both_o long_o and_o strong_a but_o our_o author_n say_v that_o cyrus_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o wish_v croesus_n whole_a army_n have_v be_v marshal_v a_o thousand_o deep_a for_o than_o he_o have_v soon_o destroy_v it_o as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a art_n of_o war._n yet_o xenophon_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o egyptian_n fight_v best_a of_o any_o of_o croesus_n his_o army_n yea_o so_o long_o till_o they_o have_v fair_a quarter_n give_v they_o and_o withal_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o cyrus_n his_o own_o army_n his_o foot_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v be_v marshal_v 24_o deep_a and_o that_o be_v eight_o more_o than_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o embattel_v and_o marshal_n army_n as_o all_o army_n be_v marshal_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o those_o who_o command_v they_o so_o their_o pleasure_n often_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v over_o rule_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o wether_n the_o sun_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v if_o the_o general_n find_v by_o his_o foreparty_n or_o vancourier_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v before_o he_o draw_v up_o in_o battle_n ready_a to_o receive_v he_o he_o will_v do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o march_v forward_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fancy_v that_o his_o adversary_n will_v be_v so_o courteous_a as_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o army_n but_o will_v take_v his_o advantage_n and_o fall_v upon_o he_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v up_o his_o van_n especial_o if_o his_o march_n have_v be_v through_o any_o close_a or_o strait_a country_n and_o in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o that_o a_o generals_z wit_n a_o general_n shall_v have_v a_o ready_a wit_n own_o ready_a wit_n and_o resolution_n must_v serve_v he_o for_o counsellor_n for_o there_o will_v be_v no_o time_n give_v he_o to_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war._n but_o we_o speak_v now_o of_o embattel_v army_n when_o general_n have_v half_a the_o choice_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o manner_n be_v in_o many_o place_n and_o still_o be_v in_o some_o to_o marshal_v army_n in_o three_o distinct_a body_n one_o behind_o another_o the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o vanguard_n the_o second_o the_o battle_n the_o three_o the_o rearguard_n but_o several_a time_n every_o one_o body_n army_n marshal_v in_o three_o distinct_a body_n of_o those_o consist_v of_o three_o body_n likewise_o these_o be_v two_o wing_n of_o horse_n and_o one_o body_n of_o foot_n and_o when_o they_o march_v these_o three_o great_a body_n be_v call_v the_o van_n battle_n and_o rear_n their_o proper_a title_n be_v to_o be_v call_v so_o when_o they_o march_v for_o many_o time_n when_o they_o draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n it_o be_v in_o one_o breast_n and_o then_o the_o horse_n be_v divide_v in_o two_o wing_n and_o the_o foot_n make_v the_o battle_n this_o be_v do_v when_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o to_o prevent_v surround_v otherwise_o army_n seldom_o fight_v but_o in_o two_o battle_n if_o not_o in_o three_o but_o as_o i_o say_v time_n ground_n the_o power_n of_o a_o enemy_n minister_v occasion_n to_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n to_o alter_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n and_o frame_v a_o new_a method_n of_o his_o own_o to_o serve_v he_o for_o that_o opportunity_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o one_o instance_n and_o that_o of_o a_o mighty_a army_n marshal_v as_o few_o before_o it_o have_v be_v and_o i_o believe_v none_o since_o it_o be_v that_o which_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v at_o vienna_n when_o they_o look_v for_o sultan_n soliman_n the_o ground_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o though_o their_o number_n be_v very_o great_a yet_o those_o of_o the_o turk_n be_v vienna_n how_o the_o mighty_a army_n of_o the_o emperor_n charâ—es_v the_o five_o be_v marshal_v at_o vienna_n very_o much_o beyond_o they_o and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v out-winged_a by_o his_o numerous_a horse_n the_o order_n of_o their_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v this_o if_o they_o have_v fight_v they_o have_v sixty_o thousand_o arm_v with_o pike_n halberd_n partisan_n and_o other_o long_a staff_n these_o be_v divide_v in_o three_o great_a batallion_n each_o of_o twenty_o thousand_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n stand_v one_o of_o they_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o be_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n to_o attend_v each_o of_o these_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o be_v to_o have_v several_a little_a interval_n through_o which_o these_o harquebusier_n be_v to_o sally_n and_o fire_n incessant_o before_o the_o grand_a batallion_n till_o they_o shall_v be_v necessitate_v to_o retire_v through_o these_o same_o interval_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o the_o pike_n be_v immediate_o to_o close_v and_o fill_v up_o those_o void_a place_n these_o three_o great_a batallion_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o make_v two_o great_a interval_n in_o each_o of_o which_o stand_v fifteen_o thousand_o horse_n here_o than_o you_o see_v upon_o the_o matter_n one_o of_o the_o brave_a army_n of_o christian_n that_o ever_o be_v marshal_v in_o one_o front_n without_o reserve_v only_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n be_v order_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o munition_n scarce_o read_v of_o before_o or_o since_o 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not_o marshal_v the_o battle_n and_o reserve_n in_o this_o order_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o woodstock_n fight_v in_o the_o battel_n error_n aâ—_n woodstock_n battel_n year_n 1636_o be_v either_o the_o swedish_n error_n or_o mistake_v for_o banier_n who_o command_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o swedish_n force_n be_v overlay_v with_o number_n have_v be_v undoubted_o beat_v if_o the_o battle_n and_o left_a wing_n have_v not_o prevail_v so_o soon_o as_o he_o see_v the_o danger_n he_o send_v post_n after_o post_n to_o lieutenant_n general_n vizthumb_n who_o command_v the_o reserve_n command_v he_o to_o advance_v instant_o to_o his_o succour_n but_o he_o make_v no_o great_a haste_n the_o swede_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n vizthumb_n next_o morning_n be_v question_v for_o his_o slow_a advance_v he_o justify_v himself_o by_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o he_o have_v advance_v immediate_o those_o who_o be_v run_v away_o in_o troop_n will_v have_v rout_v he_o at_o least_o have_v so_o 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of_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n you_o may_v compute_v thus_o every_o brigade_n of_o horse_n be_v six_o hundred_o and_o draw_v up_o three_o deep_a consist_v of_o two_o hundred_o leader_n for_o each_o of_o these_o four_o foot_n be_v allow_v that_o be_v eight_o hundred_o multiply_v eight_o hundred_o by_o four_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o product_n be_v 3200._o three_o street_n or_o distance_n each_o of_o eight_o foot-broad_a must_v be_v allow_v in_o every_o brigade_n inde_fw-la twelve_o street_n in_o four_o brigade_n these_o make_v 96_o foot_n than_o you_o have_v two_o interval_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n one_o between_o the_o two_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o another_o between_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o as_o many_o you_o have_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o all_o four_o great_a compute_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o battle_n compute_v interval_n each_o of_o they_o of_o 24_o foot_n for_o more_o some_o will_v not_o allow_v inde_fw-la 96_o foot_n add_v 3200_o to_o 96_o and_o both_o to_o 96_o you_o will_v find_v the_o aggregate_v to_o be_v 3392._o and_o so_o much_o ground_n do_v the_o four_o brigade_n of_o horse_n possess_v with_o their_o interval_n each_o brigade_n of_o foot_n consist_v of_o 1800_o man_n be_v six_o deep_a have_v 300_o leader_n these_o possess_v 1200_o foot_n 1200_o be_v multiply_v by_o four_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o foot-brigades_a of_o the_o battle_n produce_v 4800._o there_o must_v be_v a_o distance_n of_o six_o foot_n between_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o pikeman_n and_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n and_o another_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n these_o two_o distance_n take_v 12_o foot_n and_o therefore_o four_o brigade_n require_v 48_o foot_n now_o four_o brigade_n have_v three_o interval_n each_o of_o 24_o foot_n inde_fw-la 72._o add_v then_o 72_o for_o great_a 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will_v be_v or_o the_o way_n narrow_a as_o for_o most_o part_n it_o chance_v to_o be_v you_o may_v see_v i_o say_v how_o many_o mile_n may_v be_v between_o your_o front_n and_o your_o rear_n and_o indeed_o though_o the_o train_n of_o artillery_n by_o the_o stick_n of_o great_a gun_n and_o pot-piece_n in_o deep_a dirty_a or_o clay_n ground_n give_v no_o retardment_n to_o the_o march_n as_o frequent_o it_o do_v or_o that_o a_o army_n meet_v with_o no_o extraordinary_a encumbrance_n as_o happy_o it_o may_v yet_o it_o will_v be_v no_o marvel_n to_o see_v the_o van_n at_o the_o head_n quarter_n before_o the_o rearguard_n be_v march_v out_o of_o their_o last_o night_n leaguer_n though_o the_o march_v be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n to_o allow_v as_o little_a distance_n or_o interval_n between_o several_a body_n or_o batallion_n as_o may_v be_v and_o to_o secure_a a_o close_a march_n the_o best_a and_o secure_a divide_v a_o 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and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o over_o draw_v up_o again_o before_o time_n and_o not_o lose_v time_n they_o march_v for_o the_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o no_o soon_o shall_v any_o forlorn-hope_a troop_n company_n or_o regiment_n be_v over_o a_o pass_n but_o they_o shall_v draw_v up_o in_o battle_n till_o some_o other_o be_v over_o and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o ground_n enough_o they_o shall_v advance_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o they_o find_v a_o more_o spacious_a field_n where_o they_o may_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n and_o expect_v the_o rest_n or_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o every_o particular_a regiment_n or_o brigade_n shall_v draw_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o strait_n which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v till_o the_o rear_n of_o that_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n come_v up_o and_o then_o begin_v their_o march_n over_o i_o shall_v yet_o agree_v with_o he_o but_o for_o a_o van_n of_o a_o army_n to_o stay_v till_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o pass_v a_o strait_a be_v a_o great_a loss_n of_o time_n which_o in_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v very_o precious_a for_o in_o a_o army_n but_o of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n that_o halt_n shall_v be_v the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o four_o hour_n and_o this_o furnish_v a_o opportunity_n to_o a_o enemy_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n or_o wait_v his_o advantage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o strait_a with_o more_o force_n policy_n and_o deliberation_n chap._n xx._n of_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o modern_a castrametation_n of_o the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o of_o the_o quartermaster_n of_o the_o general_n staff_n the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v and_o the_o army_n have_v march_v far_o quarter_n must_v be_v make_v somewhere_o and_o it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o town_n village_n or_o the_o field_n if_o the_o army_n be_v disperse_v in_o several_a village_n or_o hamlet_n it_o be_v do_v that_o it_o may_v village_n to_o quarter_v in_o village_n be_v refresh_v for_o some_o short_a time_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n if_o it_o be_v to_o lodge_v for_o one_o night_n and_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o than_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n all_o night_n with_o strong_a guard_n forlorn-hope_n round_n and_o patrovilles_n if_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o near_o ordinary_o the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o some_o little_a town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o cavalry_n quarter_v round_o about_o in_o hamlet_n the_o infantry_n be_v encamp_v close_o by_o the_o head-quarter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o stay_v a_o night_n or_o two_o it_o do_v not_o usual_o entrench_v but_o as_o the_o old_a grecian_n do_v encamp_v on_o some_o place_n something_o fortify_v by_o nature_n as_o on_o a_o hill_n or_o some_o defensible_a ascent_n or_o where_o a_o river_n may_v be_v on_o one_o hand_n and_o a_o marsh_n on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o the_o place_n iâ—_n defective_a they_o must_v help_v it_o with_o spade_n and_o mattock_n if_o danger_n be_v apprehend_v or_o if_o the_o foot_n must_v lodge_v in_o a_o champagn_n their_o wagon_n field_n to_o quarter_v in_o the_o field_n draw_v about_o they_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a good_a shelter_n against_o sudden_a infall_n and_o this_o the_o german_n call_v a_o wagonburg_n that_o be_v a_o fortification_n of_o wagon_n and_o it_o be_v better_a than_o the_o roman_a fossa_n tumultuaria_fw-la in_o ancient_a time_n where_o ever_o this_o night-leaguer_n chance_v to_o be_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a must_v be_v careful_a to_o choose_v such_o a_o place_n as_o want_n for_o neither_o wood_n water_n nor_o foderage_n a_o alarm-place_n shall_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horse_n in_o case_n their_o quarter_n happen_v to_o be_v beat_v up_o in_o the_o night_n as_o also_o a_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n at_o which_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o meet_v next_o day_n if_o it_o be_v all_o in_o one_o body_n and_o at_o such_o a_o hour_n as_o the_o general_n shall_v appoint_v the_o 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speech_n courageous_a look_n and_o gesture_n and_o with_o promise_n of_o noble_a reward_n harangues_fw-fr harangues_fw-fr he_o shall_v inflame_v the_o spirit_n of_o his_o soldier_n with_o a_o desire_n to_o fight_v and_o withal_o he_o shall_v assure_v they_o that_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o their_o own_o safety_n depend_v only_o on_o their_o courage_n and_o gallant_a behaviour_n all_o hope_n of_o retreat_n be_v take_v away_o but_o this_o commendable_a custom_n of_o harangue_a army_n by_o general_n be_v much_o wear_v out_o in_o our_o late_a war_n and_o i_o shrewd_o suspect_v most_o of_o those_o oration_n we_o read_v be_v the_o fine_a fiction_n of_o historian_n who_o be_v better_a at_o that_o than_o the_o describe_v the_o manner_n how_o general_n marshal_v their_o army_n if_o a_o general_n be_v strong_a in_o cavalry_n he_o shall_v shun_v fight_v in_o a_o strait_a or_o close_a country_n if_o his_o infantry_n be_v numerous_a he_o shall_v shun_v heath_n and_o champaign_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o seldom_o in_o his_o power_n though_o sometime_o it_o be_v to_o choose_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o he_o shall_v advise_v well_o with_o the_o master_n of_o ordnance_n the_o plant_v the_o ordnance_n the_o ordnance_n how_o to_o plant_v his_o artillery_n whether_o on_o the_o flank_n in_o the_o great_a interval_n or_o upon_o some_o height_n and_o ascent_n whether_o that_o be_v before_o or_o behind_o the_o army_n or_o if_o his_o train_n be_v great_a in_o all_o these_o place_n this_o shall_v be_v do_v before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fight_n that_o according_o battery_n and_o bed_n may_v be_v ready_o make_v and_o the_o gunner_n ready_a to_o fire_v when_o they_o be_v command_v our_o army_n be_v marshal_v either_o in_o one_o two_o or_o three_o body_n as_o our_o general_n be_v own_o reason_n and_o experience_n will_v direct_v he_o or_o the_o ground_n permit_v of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v the_o word_n and_o the_o sign_n shall_v be_v give_v and_o these_o be_v quick_o carry_v through_o the_o army_n by_o the_o major_a general_n and_o the_o adjutant_n at_o suce_fw-la a_o time_n the_o word_n word_n the_o word_n be_v ordinary_o a_o sentence_n for_o soldier_n be_v no_o grammarian_n as_o god_n with_o we_o for_o god_n and_o the_o king_n our_o trust_n be_v in_o god_n and_o vivat_fw-la such_o a_o prince_n and_o the_o like_a the_o sign_n may_v be_v a_o handkerchief_n on_o the_o hat_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o linen_n sign_n the_o sign_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a arm_n a_o twig_n of_o a_o birch_n a_o elm_n a_o oak_n or_o a_o sycamore_n or_o it_o may_v be_v a_o fur_n or_o what_o else_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n please_v the_o word_n and_o sign_n be_v give_v both_o to_o officer_n common_a trooper_n and_o soldier_n and_o sometime_o they_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n if_o there_o be_v any_o ground_n or_o alter_v both_o many_o time_n alter_v suspicion_n that_o the_o 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