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to_o set_v out_o all_o the_o 18_o flanker_n one_o after_o another_o as_o you_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o square_n fortify_v by_o small_a flanker_n demonstrate_v by_o a_o demi-square_a in_o plate_n 21._o this_o square_n fortify_v by_o twenty_o four_o small_a flank_n if_o of_o 6000_o yard_n circumference_n that_o be_v three_o english_a mile_n and_o two_o five_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o fortify_v a_o great_a corporation_n town_n that_o may_v be_v redece_v to_o that_o form_n his_o continent_n be_v great_a because_o of_o the_o solidity_n of_o his_o body_n for_o it_o contain_v 2250000_o square_a yard_n the_o angle_n of_o his_o centre_n be_v of_o 90_o degree_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v set_v out_o in_o the_o field_n after_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n of_o the_o end-side_n of_o the_o paralograme_n describe_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o his_o flanker_n be_v to_o be_v set_v out_o 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have_v a_o way_n of_o some_o eight_o foot_n broad_a be_v present_o form_v that_o run_v between_o the_o battlement_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o rampire_n that_o be_v call_v the_o way_n of_o the_o round_n and_o in_o french_a le_fw-fr chemin_fw-fr des_fw-fr rondes_fw-la and_o this_o way_n go_v from_o one_o bastion_n to_o another_o round_o about_o the_o garrison_n a_o very_a commodious_a and_o necessary_a mean_n for_o the_o round_n to_o go_v safe_a in_o the_o night_n and_o to_o discover_v by_o look_v out_o of_o the_o port_n hole_n of_o the_o battlement_n if_o any_o appear_v near_o to_o their_o counterscarp_n or_o corridor_n that_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o their_o dike_n and_o the_o rampire_n beside_o the_o brest-work_n upon_o it_o be_v common_o six_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o battlement_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o brest-worke_n six_o foot_n more_o so_o that_o the_o splinter_n of_o the_o wall_n during_o a_o battery_n can_v offend_v the_o soldier_n that_o defend_v the_o 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draw_v a_o strait_a line_n to_o the_o line_n give_v and_o it_o will_v cut_v the_o same_o with_o a_o strait_a perpendicularie_n line_n now_o to_o avoid_v all_o error_n that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o mis-placing_a of_o your_o rule_n upon_o the_o line_n give_v make_v but_o two_o other_o small_a demicircle_n below_o the_o line_n as_o you_o do_v above_o and_o where_o these_o cut_v one_o another_o put_v one_o end_n of_o your_o rule_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o upper_a cut_n of_o the_o two_o small_a demicircle_n and_o draw_v a_o strait_a line_n and_o of_o necessity_n the_o perpendicularie_a line_n will_v be_v straight_o and_o without_o error_n now_o to_o cut_v that_o perpendicular_a line_n in_o two_o equal_a part_n more_o to_o make_v up_o the_o line_n give_v three_o parallel_a
this_o will_v suffice_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o side_n or_o base_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o superficies_n concern_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n 74._o defence_n see_v his_o animadversion_n chap._n 30._o and_o pag._n 74._o mr._n ward_n be_v over-bit_a against_o errard_n de_fw-fr barleduck_n because_o he_o draw_v his_o line_n of_o defence_n from_o the_o very_a corner_n of_o the_o flank_n and_o not_o from_o the_o three_o of_o the_o base_a or_o side_n which_o he_o call_v the_o courtine_n i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o draw_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n from_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o side_n or_o base_a as_o mr._n ward_n will_v have_v it_o then_o from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o flank_n and_o especial_o if_o the_o side_n of_o the_o fortification_n be_v of_o it_o of_o if_o a_o side_n be_v of_o 300_o yard_n it_o be_v better_a to_o draw_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o courtine_n then_o from_o the_o three_o part_n of_o it_o 300_o yard_n a_o piece_n as_o mr._n ward_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v nay_o it_o be_v better_a if_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o side_n or_o courtine_n for_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o rectify_v the_o error_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o side_n of_o three_o hundred_o yard_n a_o piece_n that_o make_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n unserviceable_a for_o the_o musket-shot_a if_o the_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n whereas_o it_o will_v serve_v turn_n and_o amend_v the_o error_n of_o the_o overlong_a extent_n of_o the_o fide_fw-la if_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o courtine_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o small_a error_n of_o errard_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o mr._n ward_n shall_v be_v so_o bitter_a against_o he_o for_o his_o own_o model_n be_v not_o without_o defect_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a good_a horse_n that_o never_o stumble_v and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o all_o artist_n that_o errard_n de_fw-fr barleduck_n be_v a_o experience_a engineer_n and_o the_o first_o that_o adorn_v the_o art_n of_o fortification_n in_o the_o french_a tongue_n beside_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v better_a in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o equilateral_a triangle_n and_o of_o the_o square_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o flank_n then_o from_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o side_n or_o courtine_n because_o it_o open_v the_o breast_n of_o the_o bastion_n and_o make_v their_o exterior_a angle_n more_o obtus_fw-la then_o when_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o courtine_n moreover_o mr._n ward_n do_v wrong_a or_o mistake_n errard_n and_o the_o other_o french_a engineer_n to_o allege_v as_o he_o do_v that_o they_o rely_v most_o upon_o the_o musket-shot_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o courtine_n face_n and_o point_n of_o their_o bastion_n despise_v the_o defence_n of_o they_o bâ—_n the_o ordnance_n shoot_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o musket-shot_a be_v say_v he_o no_o defence_n at_o all_o to_o empede_fw-la the_o assailant_n from_o cast_v their_o gallery_n over_o the_o mote_n but_o i_o say_v that_o mr._n ward_n do_v mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o errard_n and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o french_a enginier_n for_o they_o erect_v their_o low_a flank_n and_o provide_v they_o with_o demi-cannon_n only_o to_o prevent_v the_o cast_n of_o gallery_n over_o their_o mote_n and_o for_o their_o upper_a flank_n beside_o the_o demi-culverin_n they_o place_v upon_o they_o to_o defend_v the_o face_n and_o point_n of_o their_o bastion_n they_o place_v musketeer_n to_o discharge_v their_o shot_n continual_o while_o their_o demi-culverin_n be_v charge_v again_o and_o so_o make_v use_n of_o ordnance_n and_o of_o musket-shot_a also_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o therefore_o i_o will_v conclude_v with_o the_o assertion_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a 8._o great_a see_v the_o duke_n of_o rouen_n in_o his_o perfect_a captain_n chap._n 8._o commander_n of_o our_o day_n that_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v the_o best_a that_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o musket-shot_a as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o canonshot_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o superficie_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o s._n michael_n cross_n fortify_v by_o eight_o halfmoon_n demonstrate_v in_o plate_n 13._o the_o circumference_n of_o this_o superfice_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o contain_v 3680._o yard_n that_o be_v two_o english_a mile_n and_o one_o three_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n and_o therefore_o fit_a to_o fortify_v some_o corporation_n town_n then_o for_o a_o fort_n so_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o form_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o be_v of_o fifty_o five_o degree_n and_o the_o exterior_a angle_n of_o the_o halfmoon_n be_v of_o sixty_o five_o degree_n half_a of_o the_o face_n of_o the_o halfmoon_n be_v of_o 250._o yard_n and_o the_o other_o half_n of_o 210._o yard_n a_o piece_n whereby_o they_o require_v to_o be_v defend_v by_o small_a drake_n or_o sacres_fw-la beside_o the_o musket-shot_a but_o if_o upon_o every_o point_n of_o the_o half_a moon_n a_o platform_n be_v erect_v as_o they_o be_v most_o common_o in_o all_o redoubt_n or_o fort_n after_o this_o manner_n viz._n the_o angle_n upon_o which_o you_o intend_v to_o erect_v a_o platform_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v up_o twelve_o foot_n high_a from_o the_o ground_n to_o be_v level_n with_o the_o inward_a side_n of_o the_o brest-worke_n and_o towards_o the_o town_n slope_n nothing_o and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o you_o be_v upon_o the_o last_o course_n of_o turf_n to_o place_v a_o freeze_n with_o sharp_a pick_a quarter_n of_o six_o foot_n long_o four_o inch_n broad_a and_o three_o inch_n thick_a another_o thick_a seven_o or_o eight_o inch_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o jet_v one_o yard_n over_o the_o dike_a and_o run_v a_o yard_n into_o the_o brest-worke_n that_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v so_o far_o as_o the_o platform_n go_v on_o both_o side_n fix_v foot_n high_o than_o the_o other_o brest-work_n in_o which_o brest-work_n the_o porthole_n be_v to_o be_v make_v two_o on_o every_o side_n so_o that_o these_o angle-brest-worke_n be_v to_o be_v 18._o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n have_v a_o freeze_n as_o be_v above_o say_v round_o about_o the_o platform_n to_o free_v it_o from_o scale_a to_o place_v two_o sacre_n &_o two_o drake_n upon_o every_o platform_n this_o fortification_n be_v so_o provide_v will_v be_v of_o great_a defence_n and_o very_o offensive_a to_o the_o assailant_n because_o the_o half_a moon_n flank_v one_o another_o so_o well_o that_o none_o can_v approach_v the_o side_n or_o the_o point_n of_o they_o without_o great_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n but_o if_o the_o diametrical_a line_n of_o this_o superficie_fw-la be_v reduce_v less_o by_o one_o half_a or_o the_o scale_n of_o it_o bring_v from_o 30._o yard_n to_o 15._o yard_n it_o will_v have_v be_v of_o a_o great_a defence_n without_o drake_n or_o sacre_n by_o the_o musket-shot_a only_o but_o i_o have_v purposely_o set_v out_o the_o same_o so_o large_a to_o show_v how_o such_o great_a side_n may_v be_v set_v out_o in_o the_o field_n for_o they_o be_v far_o more_o difficult_a to_o set_v out_o uhen_o short_a dimension_n now_o to_o set_v it_o out_o in_o the_o field_n you_o be_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o centre_n and_o to_o drive_v in_o a_o stake_n than_o you_o be_v to_o have_v a_o line_n ready_a of_o 330._o superficie_fw-la 330._o this_o line_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o yard_n be_v the_o just_a demi-diagonall_a and_o diametrical_a extent_n of_o the_o line_n that_o be_v to_o set_v our_o the_o eight_o inward_a angle_n of_o this_o superficie_fw-la yard_n have_v at_o every_o fifty_o yard_n a_o loop_n fasten_v to_o it_o of_o one_o colour_n and_o another_o loop_n of_o another_o colour_n fasten_v to_o it_o at_o every_o hundred_o yard_n than_o you_o be_v to_o stand_v at_o the_o center-stake_n and_o to_o turn_v yourself_o full_a south_n after_o you_o have_v set_v out_o with_o your_o sea-compasse_n as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v to_o that_o distance_n of_o the_o line_n the_o south_n north_n east_n and_o west_n point_n because_o the_o four_o side_n of_o your_o cross_n be_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v line_v so_o then_o set_v the_o sight_n of_o your_o demi-circle_n upon_o the_o ray_n of_o 55._o degree_n and_o wind_v the_o ray_n of_o your_o circle_n first_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o let_v the_o man_n with_o the_o line_n fasten_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o to_o the_o center-stake_n and_o follow_v with_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o line_n the_o ray_n of_o your_o demi-circle_n and_o when_o he_o be_v one_o hundred_o yard_n distance_n from_o you_o
call_v la_fw-fr cunette_n out_o of_o the_o great_a ditch_n and_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o you_o be_v to_o erect_v the_o brest-werk_a of_o of_o your_o country_n escarpe_a with_o the_o foot-step_n of_o it_o the_o height_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v six_o foot_n high_a with_o the_o foot-step_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o footstep_n and_o the_o top_n of_o it_o slope_v to_o nothing_o and_o level_v with_o the_o firm_a ground_n leave_v six_o place_n of_o twelve_o foot_n broad_a to_o place_v six_o turn-pike_n right_a against_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o six_o halfe-moon_n that_o be_v to_o be_v erect_v after_o the_o brest-work_n of_o the_o country_n escarpe_a be_v finish_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o brest-work_n and_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o great_a ditch_n be_v to_o betwelve_v foot_n at_o the_o least_o and_o these_o turn-pike_n be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v lock_v in_o the_o night_n and_o serve_v to_o retreat_n or_o relieve_v the_o outguard_n in_o time_n of_o a_o siege_n and_o when_o all_o this_o be_v perfect_v you_o be_v to_o set_v out_o the_o six_o outguard_n that_o be_v six_o halfmoon_n in_o the_o form_n of_o six_o equilateral_a triangle_n that_o have_v all_o their_o side_n equal_a of_o one_o handr_v and_o forty_o yard_n apiece_o their_o base_a that_o lie_v towards_o the_o country_n escarpe_a be_v to_o be_v open_a and_o the_o end_n of_o it_o 20_o foot_n or_o 24_o foot_n from_o the_o slope_n of_o the_o country_n escarpe_a and_o the_o come_n to_o the_o town_n and_o the_o go_v out_o be_v to_o be_v by_o the_o south_n and_o north_n half-moon_n mark_v by_o the_o letter_n a._n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o gate_n and_o drawbridge_n will_v be_v secure_v and_o cover_v by_o the_o half-moone_n and_o the_o horse_n cart_n or_o foot_n that_o come_v to_o town_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o wind_v about_o the_o say_a halfmoon_n and_o by_o it_o expose_v if_o they_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o musket_n shoot_v of_o they_o that_o keep_v the_o brest-work_n of_o the_o half-moone_n now_o to_o secure_v these_o half-moone_n from_o surptise_n beside_o the_o sentinel_n perdues_z there_o be_v to_o be_v a_o small_a court_n of_o cuard_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o and_o strong_a pallisadoe_n with_o pallisado_n gate_n that_o extend_v from_o the_o point_n or_o angle_n to_o the_o very_a brest-work_n of_o the_o country_n escarpe_a the_o ditch_n of_o these_o halfmoon_n be_v to_o be_v nine_o foot_n broad_a and_o fix_v foot_n deep_a their_o brest-work_n 9_o foot_n broad_a in_o the_o bottom_n with_o their_o foot-step_n and_o their_o height_n fix_v foot_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o foot-step_n and_o their_o thickness_n at_o top_n six_o foot_n have_v a_o foot_n slope_n towards_o the_o ditch_n this_o garrison_n thus_o fortify_v and_o man_v with_o a_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o provide_v with_o 24_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n arm_n ammunition_n firework_n and_o victual_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o a_o siege_n will_v be_v able_a to_o oppose_v a_o army_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o man_n for_o 3_o month_n for_o to_o conclude_v this_o method_n of_o fortification_n be_v as_o convenient_a for_o we_o in_o these_o time_n of_o civil_a distraction_n as_o any_o for_o it_o be_v not_o of_o great_a charge_n and_o require_v less_o man_n to_o man_n the_o same_o and_o yet_o be_v safe_a and_o strong_a threefold_a than_o our_o skare-crow_n mount_v small_a and_o ill_o flank_v redout_n and_o wind_a angle_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o four_o and_o last_o method_n of_o fortification_n by_o small_a flanker_n in_o general_n this_o four_o and_o last_o method_n of_o fortification_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o first_o compose_v of_o flank_n courtine_n and_o eastion_n without_o orillon_n for_o they_o agree_v in_o their_o form_n but_o disagree_v in_o their_o dimension_n the_o face_n flank_n and_o breast_n of_o these_o flanker_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n half_a as_o short_a again_o as_o those_o of_o the_o bastion_n &_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o courtine_n of_o this_o method_n by_o orâ—llons_n by_o a_o flanker_n be_v proper_o a_o bastard_n bastion_n without_o orâ—llons_n flanker_n long_a by_o forty_o yard_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o their_o breast_n it_o be_v invent_v to_o save_v charge_n both_o in_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o work_n and_o in_o the_o man_v of_o the_o garrison_n for_o i_o know_v no_o manner_n of_o fortification_n that_o will_v require_v less_o man_n to_o defend_v it_o nor_o small_a charge_n to_o erect_v it_o than_o this_o method_n and_o therefore_o the_o more_o convenient_a for_o we_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o these_o time_n of_o civil_a distraction_n in_o which_o we_o want_v mean_n and_o time_n to_o erect_v strong_a complete_a and_o permanent_a fortification_n and_o man_n to_o man_n and_o defend_v they_o yet_o i_o will_v inform_v the_o reader_n of_o this_o truth_n that_o if_o this_o method_n of_o fortification_n be_v set_v and_o line_v out_o by_o a_o judicious_a engineer_n and_o the_o dimension_n of_o it_o here_o describe_v careful_o observe_v that_o it_o will_v be_v threefold_a as_o strong_a again_o and_o as_o permanent_a and_o regulary_a than_o the_o mount_n weak_a redoubt_n and_o slight_a wind_a angle_n use_v in_o these_o day_n and_o that_o a_o valiant_a and_o experience_a governor_n in_o a_o garrison_n thus_o fortify_v will_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v it_o with_o twelve_o hundred_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n although_o it_o be_v of_o three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a circumference_n then_o he_o can_v do_v one_o that_o i_o know_v fortify_v with_o mount_n and_o wind_a angle_n with_o eighteen_o hundred_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n so_o much_o avail_v the_o art_n and_o the_o method_n of_o fortification_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o yet_o i_o dare_v affirm_v for_o a_o truth_n that_o their_o charge_n have_v be_v great_a then_o if_o they_o they_o have_v erect_v such_o work_n as_o these_o with_o the_o very_a same_o dimension_n follow_v 1_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o side_n or_o base_n of_o this_o method_n be_v not_o to_o exceed_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o yard_n 2._o the_o neck_n of_o their_o flanker_n be_v neither_o less_o nor_o exceed_v in_o extent_n fifty_o yard_n 3._o the_o breast_n of_o their_o flanker_n neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o 60_o yard_n 4._o the_o flank_n of_o their_o flanker_n neither_o less_o nor_o more_o than_o 25_o yard_n 5._o nor_o the_o face_n of_o their_o flanker_n less_o or_o more_o than_o fifty_o yard_n 6._o the_o courtine_n between_o two_o flanker_n be_v not_o to_o exceed_v two_o hundred_o yard_n 7._o their_o line_n of_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o method_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o courtine_n that_o it_o may_v not_o exceed_v one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o yard_n nor_o the_o exterior_a angle_n of_o their_o flanker_n be_v more_o acute_a than_o these_o be_v 8._o the_o line_n of_o their_o flank_n be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v upon_o a_o strait_a perpendiculary_a line_n as_o most_o man_n use_v to_o do_v for_o this_o way_n be_v destructive_a to_o the_o flank_n and_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o dust_n the_o garrison_n be_v lose_v but_o they_o be_v draw_v one_o â…›_n part_v more_o slope_n towards_o the_o other_o flank_n opposite_a to_o it_o that_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o flanker_n may_v be_v thick_a and_o jet_n or_o extend_v so_o much_o the_o more_o over_o the_o ditch_n to_o preserve_v the_o flank_n 9_o all_o the_o ditch_n be_v to_o be_v in_o this_o methe_v that_o have_v no_o country_n escarpe_a or_o outguard_n thirty_o foot_n broad_a and_o twenty_o foot_n deep_a the_o slope_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v for_o every_o yard_n a_o foot_n on_o every_o side_n that_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o they_o may_v be_v sixteen_o foot_n and_o â…”_n broad_a for_o it_o be_v a_o disparagement_n to_o make_v the_o ditch_n of_o fortification_n and_o martial_a work_n like_o the_o ditch_n of_o enclose_a ground_n beside_o they_o be_v not_o so_o safe_a because_o they_o be_v soon_o fill_v in_o a_o storm_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o ditch_n savour_v over_o much_o of_o the_o ignorance_n and_o selfe-conceitednesse_a of_o our_o country_n surveyor_n 10._o the_o brest-work_n be_v to_o be_v twelve_o foot_n high_a within_o side_n and_o nine_o foot_n without_o side_n their_o inside_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v up_o from_o the_o firm_a ground_n as_o well_o as_o the_o outside_n and_o the_o five_o footstep_n within_o side_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v up_o after_o the_o brest-work_n be_v finish_v on_o both_o side_n they_o be_v to_o be_v two_o foot_n brest-work_n foot_n of_o the_o breadth_n and_o height_n of_o the_o five_o footstep_n and_o of_o the_o
brest-work_n broad_a and_o eighteen_o inch_n high_a the_o slope_n wall_n slope_n the_o slope_n of_o brest-work_n wall_n of_o the_o inside_n wall_n be_v to_o be_v but_o a_o foot_n in_o six_o foot_n because_o the_o footstep_n serve_v instead_o of_o buttress_n to_o that_o inward_a side_n but_o the_o step_n of_o the_o outside_n wall_n be_v to_o be_v a_o foot_n in_o three_o and_o a_o water_n table_n be_v to_o be_v leave_v of_o eight_o inch_n broad_a if_o the_o earth_n be_v good_a between_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o the_o turf_n of_o the_o outside_n wall_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v sandy_a or_o a_o tun_v clay_n it_o be_v to_o be_v eighteen_o inch_n broad_a notwithstanding_o the_o chat_n of_o ignorant_a man_n the_o bottom_n or_o foundation_n of_o the_o brest-work_n be_v to_o be_v thirty_o five_o foot_n in_o the_o bottom_n with_o the_o five_o footstep_n and_o twenty_o foot_n broad_a at_o top_n that_o it_o may_v be_v of_o cannon_n proof_n and_o it_o be_v to_o have_v a_o slope_n towards_o the_o ditch_n of_o three_o foot_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n thickness_n of_o the_o water_n table_n of_o the_o brest-work_n of_o the_o slope_n of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o breast_n work_v and_o of_o their_o thickness_n the_o outside_n wall_n be_v but_o nine_o foot_n and_o the_o inward_a twelve_o foot_n that_o the_o slope_n may_v be_v from_o twelve_o to_o nine_o and_o observe_v once_o for_o all_o that_o all_o the_o angle_n of_o this_o method_n where_o you_o erect_v platform_n be_v to_o have_v another_o brest-work_n fix_v foot_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n in_o which_o you_o make_v your_o porthole_n and_o that_o this_o brest-work_n be_v to_o have_v a_o platform_n a_o of_o the_o freeze_n of_o the_o platform_n frise_n when_o it_o be_v twelve_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n make_v of_o wooden_a pike_n sharp_a at_o one_o and_o of_o six_o foot_n long_o and_o four_o inch_n broad_a and_o three_o inch_n thick_a that_o be_v to_o be_v place_v eight_o inch_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o jet_v three_o foot_n over_o the_o ditch_n and_o run_v a_o yard_n into_o the_o brast-work_n these_o high_a brest-work_n be_v at_o every_o four_o course_n of_o turf_n to_o be_v lay_v with_o brush_n or_o bavin_n will_v well_o ram_v with_o the_o carth_n if_o the_o crector_n intend_v they_o shall_v be_v of_o continuance_n have_v so_o clear_o express_v the_o dimension_n of_o this_o method_n of_o fortification_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v hereafter_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o of_o they_o because_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o these_o five_o superficies_n follow_v these_o proportion_n relate_v in_o their_o side_n courtine_n flank_n breast_n face_n gorges_n and_o line_n of_o defence_n and_o so_o i_o come_v to_o the_o method_n itself_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o octogon_n fortify_v by_o small_a flanker_n demonstrate_v in_o plate_n 19_o the_o eight_o side_n of_o this_o octogon_n contain_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o yard_n apiece_o and_o by_o consequence_n the_o circumference_n of_o it_o be_v of_o two_o thousand_o yard_n that_o be_v a_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o â…•_n part_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o angle_n of_o her_o centre_n be_v of_o 45_o degree_n it_o be_v to_o be_v set_v out_o in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o sexagon_n by_o the_o demi-cirle_a and_o line_n as_o it_o be_v describe_v in_o plate_n twelve_o and_o chapter_n 15._o i_o will_v therefore_o only_o give_v you_o some_o direction_n how_o to_o set_v out_o the_o small_a flanker_n because_o it_o be_v a_o new_a method_n of_o fortification_n that_o we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o give_v you_o any_o direction_n for_o when_o the_o superficie_fw-la of_o this_o octogon_n have_v be_v set_v out_o and_o full_o trace_v after_o the_o manner_n you_o be_v direct_v to_o set_v out_o the_o sexagon_n you_o be_v to_o divide_v all_o the_o side_n of_o it_o in_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o to_o knock_v in_o a_o stake_n yard_n stake_n from_o these_o middle_a stake_n be_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n draw_v that_o be_v in_o this_o figure_n of_o 150._o yard_n and_o the_o courtine_n 200_o yard_n in_o every_o one_o of_o their_o division_n than_o you_o be_v to_o fasten_v a_o line_n of_o twenty_o five_o yard_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o eight_o angle_n stake_v one_o after_o another_o and_o to_o strain_v that_o line_n first_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o then_o at_o the_o left_a hand_n upon_o a_o strait_a line_n upon_o the_o side_n trace_v on_o the_o left_a and_o right_a hand_n of_o that_o stake_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n you_o be_v to_o knock_v a_o stake_n and_o these_o two_o stake_n will_v represent_v the_o two_o demi-gorges_n yard_n demi-gorges_n the_o whole_a gorge_n of_o the_o flanker_n be_v to_o be_v 50_o yard_n of_o that_o flanker_n then_o remove_v your_o line_n to_o another_o angle_n stake_n and_o do_v as_o you_o do_v before_o till_o you_o have_v set_v out_o all_o the_o demi-gorge_n after_o that_o manner_n then_o set_v by_o that_o line_n and_o fasten_v another_o line_n of_o fifty_o flanker_n fifty_o the_o line_n of_o fifty_o yard_n represent_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o flanker_n yard_n to_o every_o anglestake_n of_o the_o side_n and_o strain_v the_o same_o into_o the_o field_n upon_o a_o strait_a diagonall_a line_n stand_v at_o the_o center-stake_n with_o your_o demi-circle_n to_o guide_v the_o same_o because_o the_o demi-diagonall_a line_n from_o the_o center-stake_n to_o the_o utmost_a point_n of_o the_o flank_n be_v of_o 380_o yard_n in_o this_o figure_n and_o therefore_o too_o long_o to_o be_v strain_v convenient_o and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o line_n of_o fifty_o yard_n drive_v in_o a_o stake_n and_o this_o stake_n will_v represent_v the_o utmost_a angle_n or_o point_n of_o the_o say_a flanker_n and_o as_o you_o have_v do_v this_o set_v out_o the_o other_o seven_o angle_n of_o the_o flanker_n after_o this_o very_a manner_n than_o you_o be_v to_o fasten_v a_o line_n of_o 28_o flank_n 28_o 28_o yard_n be_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o slope_n flank_n yard_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o sixteen_o stake_n one_o after_o another_o that_o represent_v the_o demi-gorges_n of_o the_o flanker_n and_o to_o strain_v it_o three_o yard_n more_o slope_n than_o upon_o a_o strait_a perpendicularie_n line_n towards_o the_o other_o flanker_n of_o that_o side_n of_o the_o octogon_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n you_o be_v to_o drive_v in_o a_o stake_n the_o reason_n why_o you_o strain_v this_o line_n three_o yard_n more_o slope_n then_o straight_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o flank_n from_o the_o enemy_n battery_n that_o be_v otherwise_o too_o much_o expose_v to_o be_v ruinate_v by_o it_o when_o the_o line_n of_o the_o flank_n be_v draw_v upon_o a_o strait_a perpendicularie_n line_n you_o be_v also_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o strait_a perpendicularie_n line_n of_o the_o flank_n be_v but_o five_o and_o twenty_o yard_n and_o that_o these_o three_o yard_n be_v add_v to_o it_o that_o the_o flank_n may_v be_v three_o yard_n more_o slope_n then_o straight_o because_o a_o slope_n line_n in_o five_o and_o twenty_o yard_n extent_n come_v to_o be_v three_o yard_n long_o than_o a_o strait_n and_o as_o you_o have_v set_v out_o this_o flank_n set_v out_o the_o other_o sixteen_o after_o this_o manner_n and_o drive_v in_o stake_n in_o they_o all_o that_o be_v do_v you_o be_v to_o fasten_v a_o line_n of_o 150_o yard_n to_o the_o middle_a stake_n of_o every_o side_n and_o strain_v it_o first_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o then_o on_o the_o left_a and_o as_o you_o strain_v it_o make_v it_o touch_v the_o flank-stake_n and_o fasten_v it_o to_o the_o stake_n that_o represent_v the_o utmost_a point_n of_o your_o flanker_n and_o this_o line_n do_v represent_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n and_o the_o shoulder_n the_o the_o face_n of_o the_o flanker_n be_v to_o be_v 25_o yard_n beside_o the_o three_o yard_n add_v to_o thicken_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o shoulder_n face_n of_o that_o flanker_n and_o before_o you_o remove_v the_o line_n have_v the_o face_n trace_v by_o the_o pionier_n and_o this_o face_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o flank-stake_n to_o the_o stake_n that_o represent_v the_o utmost_a angle_n of_o the_o flanker_n and_o as_o you_o have_v set_v out_o this_o face-stake_n set_v out_o all_o the_o fifteen_o other_o and_o they_o be_v set_v out_o and_o trace_v your_o eight_o flanker_n will_v be_v perfect_v then_o you_o be_v to_o set_v out_o all_o your_o dike_n after_o the_o dimension_n describe_v in_o chap._n 25._o and_o these_o direction_n for_o the_o set_n out_o of_o the_o flanker_n of_o all_o the_o other_o ensue_a superficies_n shall_v suffice_v once_o for_o all_o to_o avoid_v repetition_n this_o octogon_n thus_o set_v out_o and_o