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ground_n	allow_v	great_a	zone_n	12	3	14.2290	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02495	The principal nauigations, voyages, traffiques and discoueries of the English nation. [vols. 1-3] made by sea or ouer-land, to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1600. yeres: deuided into three seuerall volumes, according to the positions of the regions, whereunto they were directed. The first volume containeth the worthy discoueries, &c. of the English ... The second volume comprehendeth the principall nauigations ... to the south and south-east parts of the world ... By Richard Hakluyt preacher, and sometime student of Christ-Church in Oxford.; Principall navigations, voiages, and discoveries of the English nation.		1599 (1599)	STC 12626A; ESTC S106753	3,713,189	2,072

a lodging doth allowe Whom he with fodder feeds and holds as deere as life And thus they weare the winter with the Mowsike and his wife Seuen months the Winter dures the glare it is so great As it is May before he turne his ground to sowe his wheate The bodies eke that die vnburied lie they then Laid vp in coffins made of firre as well the poorest men As those of greater state the cause is lightly found For that in Winter time they cannot come to breake the ground● And wood so plenteous is quite throughout all the land As rich and poore at time of death assurd of coffins stand Perhaps thou musest much how this may stand with reason That bodies dead can vncorrupt abide so long a season Take this for certaine trothe as soone as heate is gone The force of colde the body binds as hard as any stone Without offence at all to any liuing thing And so they lye in perfect state till next returne of Spring Their beasts be like to ours as farre as I can see For shape and shewe but somewhat lesse of bulke and bone they be Of watrish taste the flesh not firme like English beefe And yet it seru's them very well and is a good releefe Their sheepe are very small sharpe singled handfull long Great store of fowle on sea and land the moorish reedes among The greatnes of the store doeth make the prices lesse Besides in all the land they know not how good meate to dresse They vse neither broach nor spit but when the stoue they heate They put their victuals in a pan and so they bake their meate No pewter to be had no dishes but of wood No vse of trenchers cups cut out of hirche are very good They vse but wooden spoones which hanging in a case Eache Mowsike at his girdle ties and thinkes it no disgrace With whitles two or three the better man the moe The chiefest Russies in the land with spoone and kniues doe go● Their houses are not huge of building but they say They plant them in the loftiest ground to shift the snow away Which in the Winter time eache where full thicke doth lie Which makes them haue the more desire to set their houses hie● No stone worke is in vse their roofes of rafters bee One linked in another fast their wals are all of tree Of masts both long and large with mosse put in betweene To keepe the force of weather out I neuer earst haue seene A grosse deuise so good and on the roofe they lay The burthen barke to rid the raine and sudden showres away In euery roome a stoue to serue the Winter turne Of wood they haue sufficient store as much as they can burne They haue no English glasse of slices of a rocke Hight Sluda they their windowes make that English glasse doth mocke They cut it very thinne and sow it with a thred In pretie order like to panes to serue their present need No other glasse good faith doth giue a better light And sure the rocke is nothing rich the cost is very slight The chiefest place is that where hangs the god by it The owner of the house himselfe doth neuer sit Unlesse his better come to whom he yealds the seat The stranger bending to the god the ground with brow must beat And in that very place which they most sacred deeme The stranger lies a token that his guest he doth esteeme Where he is wont to haue a beares skinne for his bed And must in stead of pillow clap his saddle to his head In Russia other shift there is not to be had For where the bedding is not good the boalsters are but bad I mused very much what made them so to lie Sith in their countrey Downe is rife and feathers out of crie Unlesse it be because the countrey is so hard They feare by nicenesse of a bed their bodies would be mard I wisht thee oft with vs saue that I stood in feare Thou wouldst haue loathed to haue layd thy limmes vpon a beare As I and Stafford did that was my mate in bed And yet we thanke the God of heauen we both right well haue sped Loe thus I make an ende none other newes to thee But that the countrey is too colde the people beastly bee I write not all I know I touch but here and there For if I should my penne would pinch and eke offend I feare Who so shall read this verse coniecture of the rest And thinke by reason of our trade that I do thinke the best But if no traffique were then could I boldly pen The hardnesse of the soile and eke the maners of the men They say the Lions paw giues iudgement of the beast And so may you deeme of the great by reading of the least To Parker MY Parker paper pen and inke were made to write And idle heads that little do haue leisure to indite Wherefore respecting these and thine assured loue If I would write no newes to thee thou might'st my pen reproue And ●ithence fortune thus hath shou'd my shippe on shore And made me seeke another Realme vnseene of me before The maners of the men I purpose to declare And other priuate points besides which strange and geazon are The Russie men are round of bodies fully fac'd The greatest part with bellies bigge that ouerhang the waste Flat headed for the most with faces nothing faire But browne by reason of the stoue and closenesse of the aire It is their common vse to shaue or els to sheare Their heads for none in all the land long lolling locks doth weare Unlesse perhaps he haue his souereigne prince displeas'd For then he neuer cuts his haire vntill he be appeas'd A certaine signe to know who in displeasure be For euery man that viewes his head will say Loe this is he And during all the time he lets his locks to grow Dares no man for his life to him a face of friendship show Their garments be not gay nor handsome to the eye A cap aloft their heads they haue that standeth very hie Which Colpack they do terme They weare no ruffes at all The best haue collers set with pearle which they Rubasca call Their shirts in Russie long they worke them downe before And on the sleeues with coloured Silks two inches good and more Aloft their shirts they weare a garment iacket wise Hight Onoriadka and about his burlie waste he tyes His portkies which in stead of better breeches be Of linnen cloth that garment is no codpiece is to see A paire of yarnen stocks to keepe the colde away Within his boots the Russie weares the heeles they vnderlay With clouting clamps of steele sharpe pointed at the toes And ouer all a Shuba furd and thus the Russie goes Well bu●ned is the Shube according to his state Some Silke of Siluer other some but those of poorest rate Do weare no Shubs at all but grosser gownes to sight That reacheth

of it a Castle and the hauen is chained the citie hath onely two gates to say one for the lande and another for the sea they haue in the towne continually be it peace or warres 800 souldiers and fortie and sixe gunners besides Captaines petie Captaines Gouernour and Generall The lande gate hath alwayes fiftie souldiers pikes and gunners with their har●es watching there at night and day At the sea gate fiue and twentie vpon the walles euery night doe watch fifteene men in watch houses for euery watch house fiue men and in the market place 30 souldiers continually There may no soldier serue there aboue 5. yeres neither will they without friendship suffer them to depart afore 5. yeres be expired and there may serue of all nations except Greekes They haue euery pay which is 45. dayes 15 Mozenigos which is 15 shillings sterling Their horsemen haue onely ●ixe soldes Uenetian a day and prouender for their horses but they haue also certaine lande therewith to plow and sowe for the maintenance of their horses but truely I maruell how they liue being so hardly fed for all the sommer they feede onely vpon chopt strawe and barley for hey they haue none and yet they be faire fat and seruiceable The Uenetians send euery two yeeres new rulers which they call Castellani The towne hath allowed it also two gallies continually armed and furnished The 30 in the morning we ridde to a chappell where they say Saint Katherin was borne This Chappell is in olde Famagusta the which was destroyed by Englishmen and is cleane ouerthrowne to the ground to this day desolate and not inhabited by any person it was of a great circuit and there be to this day mountaines of faire great and strong buildings and not onely there but also in many places of the Iland Moreouer when they digge plowe or trench they finde sometimes olde ancient coines some of golde some of siluer and some of copper yea and many tombes and vautes with sepulchers in them This olde Famagusta is from the other foure miles and standeth on a hill but the new towne on a plaine Thence we returned to new Famagusta againe to dinner and toward euening we went about the towne and in the great Church we sawe the tombe of king laques which was the last king of Cyprus and was buried in the yere of Christ one thousand foure hundred seuentie three and had to wife one of the daughters of Venice of the house of Cornari the which family at this day hath great reuenues in this Island and by means of that mariage the Venetians chalenge the kingdom of Cyprus The first of October in the morning we went to see the reliefe of the watches That done we went to one of the Greekes Churches to see a pot or Iarre of stone which is sayd to bee one of the seuen Iarres of water the which the Lord God at the mariage conuerted into wine It i● a pot of earth very faire white enamelled and fairely wrought vpon with drawen worke and hath on either side of it instead of handles cares made in fourme as the Painters make angels wings it was about an elle high and small at the bottome with a long necke and correspondent in circuit to the bottome the belly very great and round it holdeth full twelue gallons and hath a tap-hole to drawe wine out ther●at the Iarre is very auncient but whether it be one of them or no I know not The aire of Famagusta is very vnwholesome as they say by reason of certaine marish ground adioyning vnto it They haue also a certaine yeerely sicknesse raigning in the same towne aboue all the rest of the Island yet neuerthelesse they haue it in other townes but not so much It is a certaine rednesse and paine of the eyes the which if it bee not quickly holpen it taketh away their sight so that yeerely almost in that towne they haue about twentie that lose their sight either of one eye or both and it commeth for the most part in this moneth of October and the last moneth for I haue met diuers times three and foure at once in companies both men and women Their liuing is better cheape in Famagusta then in auy other place of the Island because there may no kinde of prouision within their libertie bee solde out of the Citie The second of October we returned to Arnacho where wee rested vntill the sixt day This towne is a pretie Uillage there are thereby toward the Sea side diuers monuments that there hath bene great ouerthrow of buildings for to this day there is no yere when they finde not digging vnder ground either coines caues and sepulchres of antiquities as we walking did see many so that in effect all alongst the Sea coast throughout the whole Island there is much ruine and ouerthrow of buildings for as they say it was disinhabited sixe and thirtie yeres before Saint Helens time for lacke of water And since that time it hath bene ruinated and ouerthrowen by Richard the first of that name king of England which he did in reuenge of his sisters rauishment comming to Ierusalem the which inforcement was done to her by the king of Famagusta The sixt day we rid to Nicosia which is from Arnacho seuen Cyprus miles which are one and twentie Italian miles This is the ancientest citie of the Island and i● walled about but it is not strong neither of walles nor situation It is by report three Cyprus miles about it is not throughly inhabited but hath many great gardens in it and also very many Date trees and plentie of Pomegranates and other fruites There dwell all the Gentilitie of the Island and there hath euery Cauallier or Conte of the Island an habitation There is in this citie one fountaine rented by saint Marke which is bound euery eight dayes once to water all the gardens in the towne and the keeper of this fountaine hath for euery tree a Bizantin which is twelue soldes Venice and six pence sterling He that hath that to farme with a faire and profitable garden thereto belonging paieth euery yeere to saint Marke fifteene hundred crownes The streetes of the citie are not paued which maketh it with the quantitie of the gardens to seeme but a rurall habitation But there be many faire buildings in the Citie there be also Monasteries both of Franks Greekes The Cathedrall church is called Santa Sophia in the which there is an old tombe of Iaspis stone all of one piece made in forme of a cariage coffer twelue spannes long sixe spannes broad and seuen spannes high which they say was found vnder ground It is as faire a stone as euer I haue seene The seuenth day we rid to a Greeke Frierie halfe a mile without the towne It is a very pleasaunt place and the Friers feasted vs according to their abilitie These Friers

Moneth we ranne along Island and had the South part of it at eight of the clocke East from vs ten leagues The seuenth day of this moneth we had a very terrible storme by force whereof one of our men was blowen into the sea out of our waste but he caught hold of the foresaile sheate and there held till the Captaine pluckt him againe into the ship The 25. day of this moneth we had sight of the Island of Orkney which was then East from vs. The first day of October we had sight of the Sheld and so sailed about the coast and ankered at Yarmouth and the next day we came into Harwich The language of the people of Meta incognita Argoteyt a hand Cangnawe a nose Arered an eye Keiotot a tooth Mutchatet the head Chewat an eare Comagaye a legge Atoniagay a foote Callagay a paire of breeches Attegay a coate Polleueragay a knife Accaskay a shippe Coblone a thumbe Teckke●e the foremost finger Ketteckle the middle finger Mekellacane the fourth finger Yacketrone the litle finger The second voyage of Master Martin Frobisher made to the West and Northwest Regions in the yeere 1577. with a description of the Countrey and people Written by Master Dionise Settle ON Whitsunday being the sixe and twentieth of May in the yeere of our Lord God 1577. Captaine Frobisher departed from Blacke Wall with one of the Queenes Maiesties ships called The Aide of nine score tunnes or therabouts and two other little Borkes likewise the one called The Gabriel whereof Master Fenton a Gentleman of my Lord of Warwikes was Captaine and the other The Michael whereof Master Yorke a Gentleman of my Lord Admirals was Captaine accompanied with seuen score Gentlemen souldiers and sailers well furnished with victuals and other prouision necessarie for one halfe yeere on this his second voyage for the further discouering of the passage to Cathay and other Countreys thereunto adiacent by West and Northwest nauigations which passage or way is supposed to bee on the North and Northwest pars of America and the said America to be an Island inuironed with the sea where through our Merchants may haue course and recourse with their merchandize from these our Northernmost parts of Europe to those Orientall coasts of Asia in much shorter time and with greater benefite then any others to their no little commoditie and profite that do or shall frequent the same Our said Captaine and General of this present voyage and company hauing the yeere before with two little pinnesses to his great danger and no small commendations giuen a worthy attempt towards the performance thereof is also prest when occasion shall be ministred to the benefite of his Prince and natiue Countrey to aduenture himselfe further therein As for this second voyage it seemeth sufficient that he hath better explored and searched the commodities of those people and Countreys which in his first voyage the yeere before he had found out Upon which considerations the day and yeere before expressed we departed from Blacke Wall to Harwich where making an accomplishment of things necessary the last of May we hoised vp sailes and with a merrie wind the 7. of Iune we arriued at the Islands called Orcades or vulgarly Orkney being in number 30. subiect and adiacent to Scotland where we made prouision of fresh water in the doing whereof our Generall licensed the Gentlemen and souldiers for their recreation to goe on shore At our landing the people fled from their poore cottages with shrikes and alarms to warne their neighbours of enemies but by gentle perswasions we reclamed them to their houses It seemeth they are often frighted with Pirats or some other enemies that mooue them to such sudden feare Their houses are very simply builded with Pibble stone without any chimneis the fire being made in the middest thereof The good man wife children and other of their family eate and sleepe on the one side of the house and the cattell on the other very beastly and rudely in respect of civilitie They are destitute of wood their fire is ●urffes and Cowshards They haue corne bigge and oates with which they pay their Kings rent to the maintenance of his house They take great quantitie of fish which they dry in the wind and Sunne They dresse their meat very filthily and eate it without salt Their apparell is after the rudest sort of Scotland Their money is all base Their Church and religion is reformed according to the Scots The fisher men of England can better declare the dispositions of those people then I wherefore I remit other their vsages to their r●ports as ye●rely repai●ers thither in their course to and from Island for fish We departed herehence the 8. of Iune and followed our course betweene West and Northwest vntill the 4. of Iuly all which time we had no night but that easily and without any impediment we had when we were so disposed the fruition of our bookes and other pleasures to passe away the time a thing of no small moment to such as wander in vnknowen seas and long nauigations especially when both the winds and raging surges do passe their common and wonted course This benefite endureth in those parts not 6. weekes while the sunne is neere the Tropike of Cancer but where the pole is raised to 70. or 80. degrees it continueth much longer All along these seas after we were sixe dayes sailing from Orkney we met floting in the sea great Firre trees which as we iudged were with the furie of great floods rooted vp and so driuen into the sea Island hath almost no other wood nor fuell but such as they take vp vpon their coastes It seemeth that these trees are driuen from some part of the New found land with the current that setteth from the West to the East The 4. of Iuly we came within the making of Frisland From this shoare 10● or 12. leagues we met great Islands of yce of halfe a mile some more some lesse in compasse shewing aboue the sea 30. or 40. fathoms and as we supposed fast on ground where with our lead we could scarse sound the bottome for depth Here in place of odoriferous and fragrant sinels of sweete gums pleasant notes of musicall birdes which other Countreys in more temperate Zones do yeeld wee tasted the most boisterous Boreal blasts mixt with snow and haile in the moneths of Iune and Iuly nothing inferior to our vntemperate winter a sudden alteration and especially in a place or Parallele where the Pole is not eleuate aboue 61. degrees at which height other Countreys more to the North yea vnto 70. degrees shew themselues more temperate then this doth All along this coast yce lieth as a continuall bulwarke so defendeth the Countrey that those that would land there incur great danger Our Generall 3. dayes together attempted with the ship boate to haue gone on shoare which for that without great