to_o provide_v and_o how_o you_o may_v be_v furnish_v to_o serve_v your_o occasion_n the_o ground_n be_v in_o good_a season_n and_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n answer_v thereunto_o you_o may_v proceed_v thus_o the_o chief_a instrument_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o this_o work_n of_o plant_v be_v the_o blow_n and_o spade_n the_o blow_n will_v dispatch_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n in_o a_o day_n but_o the_o other_o will_v make_v the_o best_a work_n we_o shall_v compute_v the_o charge_n of_o both_o in_o his_o due_a place_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o plow_a ground_n in_o all_o place_n alike_o for_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o climate_n of_o country_n where_o much_o heat_n or_o cold_a moisture_n or_o drought_n as_o be_v the_o earth_n or_o air_n so_o must_v the_o arborist_n alter_v his_o season_n strong_a or_o stiff_a ground_n will_v require_v great_a strength_n of_o cattle_n also_o the_o season_n must_v be_v early_o in_o the_o year_n 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easy_o to_o be_v discern_v therefore_o their_o age_n be_v not_o certain_o know_v but_o from_o the_o time_n they_o be_v first_o set_v or_o planâ—ed_v or_o if_o you_o plant_v with_o slip_n or_o sucker_n you_o must_v reckon_v from_o the_o time_n the_o sap_n first_o put_v forth_o shoot_v for_o if_o you_o transplant_v tree_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o bark_n knot_n or_o boil_v they_o may_v be_v of_o great_a age_n and_o yet_o small_a of_o growth_n as_o knot_a cattle_n be_v starve_v at_o first_o yet_o may_v live_v possible_o but_o not_o thrive_v now_o if_o you_o can_v know_v the_o age_n of_o the_o tree_n you_o be_v to_o remove_v then_o let_v your_o choice_n be_v of_o such_o as_o be_v straight_o smooth_a and_o who_o bark_n be_v well_o colour_a without_o knot_n or_o boil_v second_o let_v the_o root_n carry_v proportion_n with_o the_o body_n and_o bough_n that_o be_v round_o and_o spread_a every_o way_n three_o let_v not_o the_o bowl_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v above_o 8_o or_o 10_o inch_n about_o if_o possible_a for_o this_o size_n or_o greatness_n will_v endanger_v life_n and_o growth_n but_o the_o hazard_n will_v be_v much_o more_o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a bulk_n because_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v taint_v with_o deadly_a wound_n either_o in_o the_o root_n or_o top_n or_o both_o and_o after_o that_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o good_a this_o evil_a in_o remove_v may_v be_v discern_v within_o few_o year_n by_o the_o tree_n bear_v a_o small_a hungry_a leaf_n also_o by_o the_o blackness_n of_o bough_n and_o bark_n again_o another_o danger_n in_o remove_v tree_n of_o such_o a_o age_n and_o greatness_n be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o stake_v the_o wind_n by_o often_o shake_v the_o body_n will_v loosen_v the_o root_n and_o break_v the_o young_a taw_n or_o fibre_n which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o mouth_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o root_n whereby_o it_o suck_v and_o draw_v the_o moisture_n or_o nourishment_n from_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v as_o 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for_o charge_n you_o may_v for_o these_o and_o such_o like_a use_n transplan_n or_o remove_v great_a tree_n than_o those_o last_o speak_v of_o the_o way_n and_o custom_n be_v to_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a root_n with_o the_o earth_n about_o they_o and_o so_o set_v or_o plant_v they_o where_o there_o be_v a_o deep_a and_o good_a mould_n for_o the_o root_n and_o earth_n will_v so_o balance_v the_o body_n and_o top_n that_o not_o any_o of_o the_o bough_n will_v require_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o only_o such_o as_o be_v useless_a which_o will_v be_v proyn_v betimes_o and_o although_o tree_n of_o such_o growth_n and_o greatness_n be_v remove_v they_o may_v thrive_v and_o grow_v for_o timber_n tree_n if_o the_o waste_a bough_n be_v careful_o take_v off_o and_o the_o wound_n not_o too_o great_a but_o recoverable_a many_o more_o observation_n may_v be_v add_v but_o these_o may_v suffice_v now_o in_o the_o plant_n or_o transplant_n those_o tree_n former_o mention_v there_o aught_o to_o be_v great_a care_n take_v than_o in_o young_a plant_n for_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n also_o the_o grow_a and_o thrive_v of_o they_o be_v more_o uncertain_a therefore_o we_o shall_v repeat_v over_o again_o some_o of_o our_o former_a direction_n first_o let_v the_o trench_n or_o hole_n you_o dig_v to_o set_v the_o tree_n in_o be_v so_o large_a every_o way_n that_o the_o root_n may_v lie_v at_o length_n and_o not_o be_v bruise_v or_o break_v by_o bend_v or_o force_v into_o the_o place_n second_o set_v such_o tree_n in_o the_o deep_a earth_n or_o crust_n and_o so_o deep_a as_o the_o good_a earth_n reach_v to_o prevent_v shake_v by_o wind_n also_o let_v the_o slope_n side_n of_o the_o wound_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n as_o for_o those_o fond_a opinion_n of_o several_a man_n that_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n only_o grow_v and_o thrive_v in_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o their_o element_n it_o be_v not_o deny_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o element_n for_o the_o root_n of_o all_o 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or_o near_a distance_n of_o ground_n between_o the_o plant_n be_v only_o proper_a for_o the_o set_n and_o sow_v seed_n for_o transplant_n other_o land_n or_o plot_n of_o ground_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v by_o draw_v the_o middle_a or_o inmost_a plant_n leave_v the_o remainder_n thin_a or_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n and_o this_o work_n will_v be_v do_v at_o 2_o or_o 3_o year_n growth_n at_o the_o far_a before_o the_o root_n touch_v or_o be_v too_o much_o entangle_v the_o next_o distance_n in_o plant_v be_v three_o foot_n or_o one_o yard_n then_o have_v you_o in_o this_o acre_n of_o ground_n contain_v 160_o perch_n 4840_o square_a yard_n and_o the_o same_o number_n of_o seed_n or_o plant_n must_v be_v provide_v as_o there_o be_v yard_n which_o if_o acorn_n come_v to_o in_o measure_n three_o peck_v 40_o acorn_n but_o thâ—s_v distance_n be_v too_o near_o by_o one_o foot_n however_o we_o shall_v improve_v the_o ground_n to_o best_a advantage_n thus_o suppose_v there_o be_v plant_v 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243_o day_n 8_o hour_n each_o day_n contain_v 24_o hour_n or_o day_n and_o night_n and_o because_o all_o hammer_n and_o furnace_n spend_v not_o a_o like_a quantity_n of_o coal_n we_o shall_v therefore_o take_v or_o compute_v the_o least_o or_o small_a number_n for_o all_o which_o be_v 3_o load_n of_o coal_n in_o 24_o hour_n for_o each_o furnace_n and_o hammer_n then_o there_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o 243_o day_n 8_o hour_n 1460_o load_n by_o one_o furnace_n and_o hammer_n which_o amount_v unto_o for_o the_o 130_o hammer_n and_o furnace_n 94900_o load_n in_o one_o year_n now_o if_o there_o be_v so_o many_o load_n spend_v in_o one_o county_n it_o be_v a_o unknown_a quantity_n that_o have_v be_v spend_v throughout_o england_n and_o beside_o this_o great_a consumption_n of_o wood_n in_o make_v iron_n there_o have_v be_v many_o glasse-house_n which_o be_v likewise_o great_a spender_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o restraint_n lay_v on_o all_o hammer_n and_o furnace_n to_o provide_v other_o fire_n and_o not_o wood_n or_o charcoal_n england_n will_v soon_o find_v a_o woeful_a want_n of_o that_o commodity_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o that_o great_a evil_n wilful_a waste_n without_o any_o care_n take_v either_o to_o preserve_v or_o maintain_v a_o stock_n of_o wood_n by_o new_a plant_v for_o there_o be_v too_o too_o many_o that_o except_o against_o plant_v object_v that_o it_o will_v prejudice_v the_o poor_a by_o diminish_v corn_n and_o cattle_n to_o which_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o woodland_n now_o in_o england_n be_v overgrow_v with_o dwarf_n tree_n shrub_n bush_n and_o such_o like_a encumbrance_n which_o be_v of_o small_a benefit_n either_o to_o the_o poor_a or_o rich_a corn_n or_o cattle_n of_o which_o wood_n if_o there_o be_v but_o a_o three_o part_n cleanse_v or_o clear_v by_o grub_v or_o stocking_n up_o those_o encumbrance_n and_o good_a plant_n plant_v for_o timber_n tree_n and_o wood_n for_o fire_v one_o acre_n of_o the_o say_a 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where_o there_o be_v a_o mutual_a agreement_n between_o seed_n and_o ground_n the_o increase_n have_v be_v a_o hundred_o for_o one_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a scarce_o the_o seed_n again_o that_o be_v sow_v although_o the_o land_n may_v be_v in_o strength_n also_o consider_v the_o clime_n wherein_o the_o land_n lie_v thereby_o to_o order_v your_o husbandry_n early_o or_o late_o in_o the_o year_n this_o perform_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n as_o be_v say_v before_o will_v produce_v double_a the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n that_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v now_o in_o tillage_n do_v as_o also_o breed_v and_o feed_v many_o more_o cattle_n and_o consequently_n england_n will_v maintain_v above_o double_a the_o number_n of_o people_n in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o trading_n which_o will_v increase_v his_o majesty_n revenue_n and_o be_v more_o strength_n and_o safety_n to_o the_o kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v the_o greedy_a covetousness_n of_o most_o man_n especial_o farmer_n to_o have_v much_o land_n in_o their_o occupation_n when_o they_o can_v well_o manure_v the_o four_o part_n but_o wear_v out_o the_o strength_n and_o heart_n thereof_o with_o the_o since_o and_o plough_v for_o meadow_n land_n will_v require_v soil_v or_o dung_v as_o well_o as_o arable_a now_o if_o land_n that_o have_v be_v improve_v as_o arable_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n may_v be_v yet_o improve_v high_o much_o more_o may_v those_o land_n that_o be_v never_o improve_v admit_v of_o it_o which_o be_v many_o waste_a land_n in_o common_a throughout_o england_n we_o shall_v instance_n in_o one_o county_n for_o all_o which_o be_v that_o of_o surrey_n wherein_o there_o be_v many_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n overgrow_v with_o shrub_n bush_n heath_n â—â—urs_n goss_n whinne_n and_o such_o like_a all_o which_o if_o they_o be_v stâ—ckt_v up_o the_o land_n hack_v and_o burn_v in_o the_o place_n and_o the_o ash_n well_o spread_v all_o over_o the_o ground_n every_o acre_n of_o land_n thus_o husband_v will_v be_v worth_a 10._o acre_n as_o it_o now_o be_v but_o because_o there_o be_v several_a hundred_o family_n of_o poor_a people_n that_o have_v a_o livelihood_n therefrom_o it_o be_v my_o great_a design_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o chief_a benefit_n by_o this_o improvement_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o particular_o to_o the_o several_a part_n as_o follow_v the_o land_n be_v thus_o cleanse_v by_o devonshire_v as_o be_v before_o explain_v in_o the_o second_o place_n all_o those_o land_n that_o lie_v wet_a by_o reason_n of_o inundation_n of_o water_n or_o land_n spring_n etc._n etc._n will_v be_v lay_v dry_a by_o drayn_v three_o the_o say_a land_n that_o be_v drain_v and_o also_o other_o land_n except_o arable_a will_v be_v water_v or_o overflow_v again_o at_o pleasure_n as_o the_o land_n may_v require_v consider_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n either_o with_o water_n spring_v or_o run_v from_o or_o out_o of_o rock_n or_o hill_n of_o chalk_n marle_n allom_n or_o such_o like_a mine_n or_o from_o hill_n of_o arable_a land_n for_o great_a rains_n will_v wash_v down_o the_o dung_n or_o soil_n therefrom_o and_o much_o enrich_v those_o ground_n it_o run_v into_o let_v no_o man_n spare_v charge_n according_a to_o his_o ability_n in_o improve_n his_o land_n for_o i_o have_v know_v many_o man_n undo_v by_o build_v stately_a house_n and_o other_o by_o neglect_v their_o land_n but_o do_v never_o know_v or_o hear_v of_o any_o that_o be_v undo_v by_o improve_n his_o land_n four_o this_o perform_v we_o will_v suppose_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n to_o be_v one_o enclosure_n and_o the_o same_o plough_v and_o sow_v with_o corn_n and_o that_o every_o poor_a borderer_n that_o have_v right_a of_o common_a have_v 4_o or_o 5_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o say_v common_a do_v extend_v in_o largeness_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o poor_a belong_v thereunto_o and_o those_o acre_n to_o be_v set_v out_o by_o mears_n or_o bound-stone_n five_o another_o four_o part_n to_o be_v plant_v with_o seed_n or_o plant_n for_o underwood_n only_o allow_v 7_o or_o 8_o plant_n in_o each_o or_o every_o acre_n of_o land_n to_o grow_v for_o timber-tree_n or_o one_o acre_n out_o of_o every_o ten_o acre_n to_o be_v plant_v only_o with_o timber-tree_n allow_v 40_o tree_n in_o each_o acre_n for_o the_o poor_a must_v have_v house_n to_o dwell_v in_o as_o well_o as_o bread_n and_o fire_v six_o the_o other_o two_o four_o part_n or_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o whole_a land_n to_o be_v reserve_v for_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n and_o be_v in_o common_a as_o the_o other_o land_n this_o say_v half_o be_v well_o order_v will_v breed_v and_o keep_v twice_o as_o many_o cattle_n as_o the_o whole_a land_n do_v before_o it_o be_v improve_v and_o wherein_o now_o be_v the_o poor_a wrong_v by_o plant_v wood_n if_o land_n be_v thus_o improve_v for_o those_o that_o have_v right_a of_o common_a will_v have_v much_o more_o pasture_n and_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o more_o wood._n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a improvement_n of_o all_o and_o every_o part_n of_o the_o say_a land_n my_o advice_n be_v first_o that_o the_o arable_a land_n after_o 2_o or_o 3_o year_n crop_n of_o corn_n at_o the_o most_o be_v well_o manure_v with_o dung_n lime_n marle_n chalk_n or_o such_o like_a help_n and_o then_o plough_v and_o sow_v again_o second_o that_o the_o pasture_n land_n be_v either_o marled_a or_o soil_v with_o good_a dung_n and_o plough_v and_o sow_v with_o clover_n treafoil_n centfoil_n or_o some_o other_o seed_n for_o grass_n and_o this_o to_o be_v perform_v present_o after_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o earth_n for_o pasture_n land_n be_v once_o in_o heart_n will_v increase_v
of_o the_o chief_a workman_n employ_v for_o their_o fell_n nor_o may_v any_o man_n think_v strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o spoil_n make_v in_o those_o day_n the_o officer_n appoint_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o say_a timber_n be_v rather_o farmer_n than_o keeper_n or_o good_a woodman_n also_o there_o have_v be_v but_o one_o swaynmote_a this_o 40_o year_n nor_o a_o wood_n court_n to_o any_o effect_n and_o consequent_o no_o presentment_n these_o 4_o or_o 5_o last_o year_n which_o only_o then_o can_v be_v make_v but_o to_o proceed_v in_o my_o proposal_n last_o whereas_o his_o majesty_n forest_n have_v former_o flourish_v and_o abound_v with_o the_o best_a timber_n tree_n in_o england_n nay_o i_o may_v safe_o say_v for_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o world_n do_v not_o afford_v better_o especial_o the_o oak_n which_o be_v now_o utter_o waste_v and_o decay_v my_o humble_a proposal_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o say_a forest_n especial_o of_o such_o as_o lie_v within_o 20_o mile_n of_o any_o navigable_a river_n and_o be_v not_o so_o useful_a for_o the_o breed_n his_o majesty_n dear_a and_o that_o have_v but_o few_o deer_n be_v plant_v as_o aforesaid_a i_o dare_v not_o undertake_v to_o proportion_n the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n to_o be_v plant_v in_o each_o forest_n not_o know_v his_o majesty_n pleasure_n also_o some_o forest_n be_v large_a and_o of_o great_a extent_n than_o other_o and_o do_v more_o abound_v with_o timber_n tree_n neither_o can_v i_o speak_v experimental_o of_o all_o forest_n but_o that_o which_o be_v best_a know_v unto_o i_o and_o wherein_o i_o have_v daily_o walk_v as_o a_o forest_n officer_n i_o will_v at_o present_a discourse_n a_o little_a that_o forest_n than_o the_o care_n whereof_o have_v be_v my_o employment_n do_v not_o contain_v above_o 3_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o whole_a yet_o it_o have_v so_o abound_v with_o timber_n tree_n and_o that_o of_o such_o excellent_a goodness_n that_o it_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o any_o one_o forest_n in_o england_n but_o it_o be_v now_o much_o waste_v and_o do_v more_o and_o more_o daily_a decay_n for_o beside_o the_o waste_v that_o have_v be_v commit_v within_o this_o 20_o year_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o unhappy_a war_n and_o rebellion_n there_o be_v also_o fell_v and_o cut_v down_o anno_fw-la 1663._o above_o eleven_o hundred_o tree_n and_o but_o 600_o of_o they_o employ_v for_o the_o use_n of_o his_o majesty_n navy_n and_o since_o the_o time_n before_o the_o tree_n then_o fell_v be_v remove_v off_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1664_o a_o warrant_v deliver_v unto_o the_o regarder_n of_o the_o say_a forest_n to_o view_v and_o mark_v all_o the_o decay_a tree_n which_o be_v some_o of_o they_o according_o mark_v and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a warrant_n most_o of_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o forest_n may_v be_v cut_v down_o for_o they_o be_v general_o waste_v and_o decay_v but_o may_v live_v and_o be_v serviceable_a a_o hundred_o year_n yet_o to_o come_v and_o if_o his_o majesty_n forest_n be_v stock_v with_o dear_a than_o the_o worst_a of_o these_o decay_a oak_n will_v bear_v great_a store_n of_o mast_n or_o acorn_n which_o be_v good_a for_o a_o winter_n dear_a and_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n there_o be_v many_o very_a hollow_a oak_n that_o bear_v great_a store_n or_o more_o acorn_n to_o the_o number_n and_o greatness_n of_o bough_n than_o the_o sound_a tree_n in_o the_o forest_n in_o the_o year_n 1665_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o navy_n procure_v another_o warrant_n from_o his_o majesty_n for_o the_o cut_n down_o 2000_o tree_n more_o in_o the_o say_a forest_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v his_o majesty_n ship_n and_o to_o effect_v the_o same_o they_o send_v down_o a_o purveyor_n to_o mark_v and_o fall_v the_o say_a tree_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v but_o by_o several_a report_n of_o workman_n employ_v about_o cut_v down_o the_o say_a tree_n there_o be_v not_o above_o 15_o or_o 16_o hundred_o of_o they_o convert_v to_o the_o use_v appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n for_o several_a gentleman_n in_o the_o county_n and_o not_o far_o dweller_n from_o the_o forest_n buy_v the_o offal_n of_o 2000_o tree_n for_o 750_o pound_n or_o thereabouts_o by_o which_o say_v offal_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v if_o right_o take_v the_o bark_n and_o bough_n and_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n only_o which_o be_v not_o use_v for_o ship_n but_o make_v a_o agreement_n with_o they_o that_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v under_o the_o name_n of_o offal_n be_v take_v in_o whole_a tree_n mark_v and_o cut_v down_o which_o be_v not_o useful_a for_o building_n his_o majesty_n ship_n though_o they_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o perceive_v to_o have_v be_v unserviceable_a for_o that_o end_n by_o the_o surveyour_fw-mi that_o choose_v they_o or_o any_o man_n of_o very_o indifferent_a judgement_n and_o so_o leave_v as_o they_o ought_v stand_v but_o these_o have_v the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o to_o make_v advantage_n by_o their_o fall_n some_o hundred_o of_o they_o while_o many_o other_o sufficient_a timber_n tree_n and_o most_o fit_a for_o the_o use_n aforesaid_a be_v leave_v stand_v and_o be_v yet_o grow_v neither_o be_v this_o all_o for_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o there_o be_v many_o tree_n which_o be_v cut_v to_o piece_n as_o offal_n which_o have_v ship_n timber_n in_o they_o and_o not_o unlikely_a while_o the_o workman_n who_o be_v chief_o employ_v about_o the_o offal_n be_v know_v enemy_n to_o his_o majesty_n wood_n and_o timber_n and_o have_v live_v on_o the_o spoil_n above_o 20_o year_n and_o to_o my_o own_o knowledge_n have_v be_v present_v some_o of_o they_o for_o the_o same_o but_o because_o there_o have_v be_v no_o swainmot_a court_n keep_v within_o that_o time_n they_o have_v escape_v the_o lash_n these_o man_n be_v also_o employ_v about_o cut_v down_o his_o majesty_n tree_n and_o the_o chief_a hewer_n appoint_v by_o the_o perveyor_n be_v as_o honest_a as_o the_o rest_n and_o be_v so_o they_o have_v fit_a opportunity_n to_o commit_v such_o villainy_n as_o be_v report_v and_o whereas_o the_o officer_n as_o regarder_n and_o keeper_n be_v swear_v to_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v all_o waste_v commit_v the_o keeper_n have_v be_v so_o much_o employ_v about_o cut_v down_o tree_n for_o their_o own_o profit_n that_o they_o have_v not_o have_v time_n to_o look_v to_o the_o prevent_v the_o spoil_n of_o other_o and_o therefore_o care_v not_o or_o dare_v not_o accuse_v other_o be_v themselves_o guilty_a and_o some_o of_o the_o regarder_n also_o do_v more_o mind_n to_o buy_v wood_n and_o timber_n for_o their_o own_o use_n and_o profit_n than_o they_o do_v for_o his_o majesty_n interest_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o prevent_v waste_v commit_v and_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o evil_n do_v to_o his_o majesty_n wood_n for_o the_o borderer_n dwell_v about_o the_o forest_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o waste_v commit_v by_o 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save_v ground_n account_v hedge-row_n waste_v place_n if_o such_o man_n will_v but_o serious_o consider_v of_o these_o observation_n follow_v they_o will_v be_v of_o another_o mind_n first_o the_o tree_n plant_v in_o hedg-row_n be_v often_o shred_v and_o lop_v can_v live_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o age_n of_o tree_n other_o way_n plant_v second_o they_o shall_v not_o grow_v to_o that_o greatness_n either_o in_o body_n or_o bough_n as_o other_o do_v which_o come_v much_o short_a of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o their_o growth_n for_o a_o tree_n well_o plant_v shall_v be_v great_a and_o large_a every_o way_n in_o twenty_o year_n than_o those_o in_o hedge-row_n shall_v be_v in_o fifty_o again_o consider_v the_o uselessness_n and_o loss_n of_o ground_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n along_o the_o hedg-row_n for_o so_o far_o as_o the_o root_n and_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n extend_v the_o ground_n will_v not_o be_v good_a either_o for_o corn_n or_o grass_n for_o the_o grass_n not_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v sour_a and_o of_o more_o use_n for_o purge_v than_o feed_v cattle_n also_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o usual_o extend_v as_o far_o under_o ground_n as_o the_o bough_n above_o will_v hinder_v and_o endanger_v the_o blow_n or_o be_v great_a and_o grow_v low_o into_o the_o ground_n will_v not_o only_o overmaster_v and_o oppress_v the_o root_n of_o thorn_n by_o wind_v about_o they_o but_o by_o suck_v and_o draw_v the_o fatness_n and_o moistness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o shall_v nourish_v utter_o starve_v they_o and_o the_o bough_n by_o over-topping_a will_v not_o only_a over-shade_n they_o but_o with_o often_o drop_v as_o i_o say_v before_o spoil_v both_o corn_n and_o hedge_n now_o if_o planter_n be_v but_o sensible_a of_o the_o loss_n sustain_v by_o reason_n of_o bad_a fence_n and_o the_o small_a profit_n of_o tree_n so_o plant_v all_o thing_n consider_v they_o will_v soon_o alter_v their_o opinion_n to_o 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country_n not_o under_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o penny_n the_o day_n we_o shall_v therefore_o compute_v the_o charge_n indifferent_o between_o the_o high_a and_o low_a price_n allow_v for_o the_o plant_n four_o penny_n the_o hundred_o and_o for_o the_o labourer_n twelve_o penny_n the_o day_n a_o pole_n or_o perch_n then_o of_o hedge_n or_o ditch_n measure_n will_v take_v up_o to_o plant_v it_o well_o 54_o plant_n there_o be_v 3_o row_v or_o chef_n of_o plant_n set_v or_o plant_v at_o a_o foot_n distance_n and_o if_o so_o than_o the_o one_o angle_n or_o square_v of_o the_o 1000_o acre_n former_o mention_v contain_v 400_o perch_n will_v after_o the_o same_o rule_n require_v 21603_o plant_n which_o at_o four_o penny_n for_o each_o hundred_o come_v to_o three_o pound_n 12_o shilling_n the_o four_o angle_n or_o whole_a square_n will_v need_v or_o require_v 86406_o plant_n there_o be_v six_o plant_n abate_v for_o two_o of_o the_o side_n or_o square_n they_o all_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n by_o the_o hundred_o amount_v to_o fourteen_o pound_n eight_o shilling_n and_o now_o for_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o workman_n a_o good_a labour_a man_n may_v ditch_n and_o quickset_n about_o the_o spring_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o leaf_n a_o ditch_n of_o six_o foot_n broad_a and_o five_o foot_n deep_a half_o a_o perch_n in_o one_o day_n allow_v 18_o foot_n to_o the_o pole_n or_o perch_n a_o man_n also_o may_v make_v a_o good_a and_o substantial_a hedge_n sufficient_o stake_v three_o or_o four_o rod_n in_o a_o day_n so_o that_o he_o may_v cut_v carry_v or_o draw_v the_o bush_n or_o frith_n for_o the_o hedge_n and_o make_v the_o ditch_n six_o foot_n wide_a and_o five_o foot_n deep_a be_v plant_v with_o three_o row_v or_o chess_n of_o quickset_n and_o a_o good_a dead_a hedge_n on_o the_o bank_n and_o sufficient_o finish_v the_o whole_a work_n and_o pay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o plant_n for_o three_o shilling_n the_o pole_n still_o suppose_v the_o frith_n and_o bush_n to_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n and_o to_o be_v free_a except_o cut_n and_o carriage_n then_o the_o total_a charge_n of_o make_v the_o fence_n about_o the_o thousand_o acre_n at_o three_o shilling_n the_o rod_n the_o angle_n or_o square_n contain_v 1600_o perch_n be_v 240_o pound_n beside_o the_o bush_n and_o frith_n for_o stake_n not_o doubt_v but_o that_o all_o his_o majesty_n forest_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o bush_n and_o frith_n and_o that_o the_o same_o will_v be_v allow_v gratis_o for_o so_o good_a a_o work_n now_o because_o several_a country_n give_v divers_a name_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o frith_n my_o meaning_n be_v all_o small_a lop_v or_o shred_n of_o tree_n as_o also_o all_o underwood_n thus_o have_v make_v preparation_n for_o the_o plant_n timber-tree_n by_o prepare_v a_o sufficient_a fence_n for_o the_o shroud_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o tender_a plant_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o shall_v consider_v of_o the_o original_a of_o ground_n and_o plant_n the_o eternal_a god_n have_v be_v please_v to_o reveal_v many_o thing_n unto_o we_o exceed_v fence_n and_o reason_n as_o the_o first_o production_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o thing_n invisible_a and_o by_o his_o exceed_a wisdom_n see_v that_o his_o invisible_a thing_n may_v be_v express_v by_o visible_a image_n wherein_o his_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n may_v be_v reveal_v therefore_o he_o proceed_v in_o a_o order_n and_o manner_n proper_a to_o every_o creature_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n be_v matter_n but_o confuse_a and_o dark_a than_o second_o the_o spirit_n of_o life_n diffuse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a matter_n make_v it_o begin_v to_o stir_v and_o insinuate_a itself_o into_o all_o the_o part_n produce_v every_o creature_n introduce_v into_o every_o one_o it_o be_v own_o form_n and_o to_o the_o perfect_a all_o thing_n which_o be_v and_o have_v be_v make_v 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shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o ground_n in_o general_a and_o also_o in_o particular_a of_o barren_a and_o fruitful_a earth_n ground_n be_v simple_a or_o compound_v simple_a be_v clay_n sands_n or_o gravels_n compound_v where_o these_o earth_n be_v mix_v or_o all_o mixture_n of_o earth_n clay_n sands_n or_o gravel_n may_v be_v all_o good_a and_o very_o fit_a to_o plant_v all_o manner_n of_o tree_n in_o and_o likewise_o they_o may_v be_v all_o very_a evil_n and_o barren_a for_o all_o earth_n simple_a or_o compound_n do_v participate_v with_o the_o clime_n wherein_o it_o lie_v as_o hot_a or_o cold_a moist_a or_o dry_a and_o where_o the_o ground_n or_o earth_n participate_v of_o all_o the_o element_n equal_o there_o it_o be_v the_o more_o fruitful_a all_o ground_n
may_v be_v know_v as_o well_o by_o their_o several_a character_n as_o by_o the_o clime_n or_o situation_n of_o the_o continent_n some_o ground_n natural_o produce_v weed_n as_o mallow_n nettle_n dock_n hemlock_n or_o such_o like_a which_o general_o grow_v in_o every_o good_a and_o fruitful_a ground_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o ground_n that_o have_v a_o different_a face_n or_o character_n such_o as_o bear_v daisy_n clover_n charnock_n mustardseed_n rush_n etc._n etc._n this_o also_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a ground_n to_o plant_v in_o but_o this_o be_v ever_o to_o be_v observe_v where_o weed_n or_o grass_n do_v natural_o grow_v strong_a and_o big_a that_o earth_n be_v undoubted_o most_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a but_o although_o both_o these_o ground_n may_v be_v good_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n yet_o the_o planter_n may_v be_v deceive_v by_o these_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n if_o he_o search_v not_o deep_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o many_o a_o tree_n of_o great_a bulk_n and_o worth_n be_v and_o have_v be_v see_v to_o grow_v in_o a_o barren_a earth_n for_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v and_o have_v be_v see_v many_o small_a tree_n of_o little_a worth_n grow_v in_o strong_a ground_n as_o to_o the_o outward_a appearance_n and_o those_o small_a tree_n of_o the_o age_n or_o old_a than_o the_o other_o of_o great_a bulk_n for_o that_o ground_n may_v be_v good_a for_o corn_n and_o grass_n or_o the_o plant_n of_o small_a fruit-tree_n which_o have_v but_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n of_o good_a earth_n or_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n deep_a another_o character_n of_o barren_a earth_n be_v when_o you_o see_v instead_o of_o grass_n which_o will_v be_v green_a rank_n and_o thick_a a_o pale_a thin_a small_a grass_n something_o bluish_a also_o much_o moss_n or_o when_o the_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o heath_n fur_n whin_n gors_n and_o such_o like_a these_o be_v apparent_a sign_n of_o great_a barrenness_n especial_o if_o weed_n or_o rubbish_n be_v small_a for_o as_o before_o be_v mention_v what_o ever_o it_o be_v that_o number_n the_o ground_n the_o great_a and_o rank_a it_o be_v it_o argue_v the_o rich_a ground_n three_o there_o be_v other_o barren_a ground_n which_o may_v be_v so_o adjudge_v by_o the_o scite_fw-la or_o climb_v wherein_o they_o lie_v as_o when_o the_o ground_n be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sun_n or_o very_a near_o the_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o storm_n and_o ill_a vapour_n arise_v from_o thence_o poison_n and_o starve_v the_o earth_n and_o be_v destructive_a to_o plant_n and_o tree_n also_o when_o the_o ground_n lie_v mountainous_a and_o high_a and_o very_o stony_a and_o rocky_a these_o be_v sign_n of_o barrenness_n yet_o the_o stony_a and_o rocky_a ground_n may_v have_v good_a earth_n underneath_o so_o that_o the_o rock_n be_v not_o a_o entire_a stone_n but_o have_v cleft_n and_o passage_n unto_o the_o earth_n to_o plant_v the_o seed_n or_o plant_n and_o be_v once_o plant_v and_o thrive_a will_v in_o time_n open_a a_o widen_v passage_n and_o produce_v a_o timber-tree_n of_o as_o great_a a_o bulk_n and_o worth_a as_o other_o ground_n void_a of_o stone_n and_o this_o experience_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o tree_n of_o small_a strength_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o oak_n be_v plant_v near_o a_o stone_n wall_n the_o root_n have_v so_o swell_v or_o increase_v make_v their_o own_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o hard_a rock_n some_o depth_n under_o ground_n which_o the_o root_n can_v not_o enter_v that_o they_o have_v lift_v up_o the_o say_a wall_n &_o in_o few_o year_n throw_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n four_o there_o be_v another_o character_n or_o figne_n of_o barrenness_n which_o be_v to_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o they_o that_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o world_n that_o a_o body_n be_v compose_v of_o all_o the_o element_n earth_n air_n fire_n water_n and_o although_o all_o these_o element_n be_v simple_a body_n of_o themselves_o yet_o in_o all_o body_n else_o be_v all_o the_o element_n for_o that_o water_n do_v evaporate_v into_o air_n and_o that_o water_n be_v make_v again_o of_o vapour_n the_o rain_n teach_v we_o and_o that_o earth_n and_o water_n also_o be_v rarify_v may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o example_n and_o that_o fire_n the_o spirit_n infuse_v work_v by_o heat_n in_o all_o body_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o body_n participate_v of_o the_o four_o element_n which_o be_v to_o say_v quality_n hot_a cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a but_o to_o return_v again_o from_o whence_o i_o digress_v the_o constitution_n of_o that_o ground_n where_o one_o of_o the_o four_o element_n do_v most_o predominate_a be_v a_o apparent_a sign_n of_o barrenness_n as_o when_o the_o ground_n be_v either_o extreme_o cold_a and_o moist_a or_o else_o hot_a and_o dry_a now_o these_o cold_a ground_n be_v general_o clay_v except_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o inundation_n of_o water_n or_o land_n spring_n which_o be_v all_o cold_a and_o may_v be_v unfruitful_a these_o cold_a and_o barren_a clay_n as_o by_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n judgement_n may_v be_v give_v general_o produce_v broom_n gorse_n moss_n shrub-bush_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o unfruitfulness_n be_v first_o from_o their_o tough_a nature_n and_o bindingness_n in_o the_o winter_n the_o pore_n be_v so_o close_v that_o the_o rain_n or_o snow_n fall_v and_o melt_v can_v soak_v into_o the_o earth_n far_o or_o deep_a than_o the_o pore_n be_v open_v by_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n or_o corn_n and_o grass_n wherefore_o lie_v at_o the_o root_n it_o do_v benumb_v and_o chill_v they_o and_o thereby_o hinder_v the_o growth_n and_o endanger_v the_o stock_n through_o a_o extreme_a 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ground_n as_o have_v the_o same_o or_o as_o good_a earth_n as_o before_o mention_v above_o but_o underneath_o a_o rock_n or_o quarry_n extend_v many_o yard_n or_o rod_n be_v also_o not_o proper_a for_o plant_v timber-tree_n for_o after_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n have_v grow_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o reach_v unto_o the_o rock_n they_o can_v enter_v and_o be_v only_o maintain_v by_o the_o upper_a root_n that_o spread_v along_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v never_o grow_v to_o any_o bulk_n not_o have_v sufficient_a nourishment_n for_o all_o the_o root_n and_o thereupon_o necessary_o want_v so_o much_o of_o their_o due_a growth_n and_o although_o such_o tree_n may_v thrive_v 50_o or_o 60_o year_n yet_o as_o they_o grow_v in_o height_n and_o greatness_n so_o much_o the_o more_o be_v they_o in_o danger_n of_o every_o wind_n because_o those_o root_n that_o shall_v grow_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n not_o only_o 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in_o berkshire_n and_o hartfordshire_n with_o many_o other_o shire_n all_o these_o fruitful_a soil_n if_o there_o be_v not_o those_o hindrance_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n former_o speak_v of_o will_v require_v no_o other_o charge_n then_o only_o the_o choice_n of_o good_a plant_n and_o care_n in_o plant_v they_o as_o for_o poor_a unfruitful_a ground_n have_v but_o a_o thin_a crust_n yet_o good_a earth_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n the_o seed_n or_o plant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o such_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v nourish_v and_o maintain_v until_o their_o root_n descend_v and_o reach_v unto_o that_o good_a earth_n therefore_o not_o only_o choice_a plant_n be_v to_o be_v provide_v but_o also_o good_a earth_n thereinto_o to_o set_v or_o plant_v the_o seed_n and_o plant_n but_o of_o this_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o have_v more_o particular_a direction_n there_o be_v therefore_o not_o any_o of_o those_o land_n former_o speak_v of_o either_o fruitful_a or_o barren_a but_o may_v be_v very_o good_a for_o plant_v timber-tree_n except_o these_o few_o follow_v first_o all_o land_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o skirt_n and_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o mist_n fog_n and_o wind_n that_o come_v thence_o will_v much_o endanger_v they_o and_o hinder_v their_o thrive_n second_o all_o high_a and_o dry_a mountain_n for_o they_o do_v not_o only_o want_v moistness_n of_o earth_n but_o be_v infest_a by_o great_a wind_n which_o frequent_o blow_v in_o such_o place_n and_o be_v very_o hurtful_a and_o although_o there_o be_v and_o have_v be_v see_v great_a tree_n grow_v on_o high_a hill_n yet_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o plant_v there_o by_o man_n but_o be_v the_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o first_o creation_n three_o all_o land_n that_o lie_v flat_a and_o be_v subject_a to_o inundation_n of_o water_n for_o want_v of_o a_o descent_n or_o current_n to_o carry_v they_o off_o some_o other_o 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distance_n be_v first_o to_o delve_v a_o plot_n of_o land_n 4_o foot_n square_a and_o let_v the_o 4_o angle_n point_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o square_a lie_n north-east_n northwest_n southeast_n and_o south-west_n that_o the_o plant_n which_o be_v to_o be_v part_v in_o those_o plot_n may_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n all_o the_o day_n this_o perform_v then_o cast_v up_o a_o small_a trench_n or_o ditch_n a_o foot_n deep_a if_o there_o be_v so_o much_o good_a earth_n and_o 18_o inch_n wide_a let_v all_o this_o earth_n be_v even_o lay_v on_o the_o plot_n delve_v the_o clod_n hack_v or_o cut_v small_a and_o the_o grass_n and_o weed_n gather_v or_o weed_v out_o this_o do_v set_v or_o plant_v one_o seed_n or_o plant_v about_o a_o foot_n from_o each_o point_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o square_a plot_n and_o in_o the_o middle_a one_o than_o you_o will_v have_v 5_o seed_n or_o plant_n in_o this_o quadrat_fw-la now_o at_o every_o 30_o foot_n distance_n throughout_o the_o acre_n of_o 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lie_v therein_o we_o shall_v not_o detain_v you_o long_o here_o but_o direct_v you_o into_o the_o garden_n of_o herb_n and_o root_n not_o only_o for_o food_n but_o physic_n this_o plot_n of_o land_n lie_v behind_o the_o great_a yard_n and_o be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o garden_n gate_n to_o the_o far_a end_n of_o the_o whole_a plot_n 30_o perch_n and_o in_o breadth_n 20_o the_o fence_n be_v of_o white-thorn_n and_o the_o water_n run_v round_o as_o be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o great_a plot_n which_o contain_v two_o garden_n be_v a_o handsome_a bowling-green_n 60_o yard_n square_a and_o at_o each_o corner_n of_o the_o say_v green_n be_v a_o seat_n make_v of_o oak_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o open_a
a_o short_a small_a bluish_a mossey_a grass_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o unfruitful_a sand_n be_v much_o subject_n to_o heath_n fur_n brake_n and_o such_o like_a now_o a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o unfruitfulness_n of_o this_o barren_a sandy_a ground_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o porousness_n or_o hollowness_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v say_v before_o for_o although_o it_o be_v well_o manure_v with_o soil_n or_o dung_n yet_o much_o rain_n or_o wet_v will_v wash_v down_o the_o dung_n low_a into_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o root_n of_o the_o corn_n or_o grass_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o plow-trenching_a in_o sandy_a country_n now_o the_o manner_n and_o way_n of_o plow-trenching_a have_v here_o mention_v it_o and_o because_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n further_o to_o mention_v it_o in_o our_o after_o plant_v be_v as_o follow_v first_o the_o blow_n have_v cast_v up_o the_o furrow_n take_v a_o good_a stitch_n as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o husbandry_n after_o the_o blow_n there_o follow_v 12_o or_o 14_o man_n with_o spade_n who_o delve_n or_o dig_v a_o spit_n or_o spade_n deep_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o furrow_n where_o the_o blow_n have_v go_v which_o they_o cast_v or_o lay_v upon_o the_o earth_n or_o ridge_n which_o the_o blow_n first_o throw_v up_o then_o follow_v the_o next_o turn_n of_o the_o blow_n but_o that_o which_o be_v then_o cast_v up_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o trench_n the_o man_n leave_v to_o fill_v it_o again_o the_o man_n as_o before_o still_o follow_v the_o blow_n and_o dig_v or_o cast_v up_o out_o of_o this_o second_o furrow_n another_o spade_n depth_n of_o sand_n or_o earth_n which_o they_o cast_v on_o the_o second_o ridge_n of_o sand_n that_o be_v throw_v up_o by_o the_o blow_n and_o so_o a_o three_o and_o four_o ridge_n the_o delver_n follow_v the_o blow_n and_o the_o plough_v they_o during_o the_o day_n work_n by_o which_o you_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o upper_a earth_n or_o sand_n be_v bury_v and_o the_o undermost_a or_o fresh_a sand_n lay_v uppermost_o so_o likewise_o in_o delve_v or_o more_o proper_o trench_v the_o ground_n be_v delve_v two_o spit_n deep_a the_o second_o spit_n or_o undermost_a earth_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o first_o spit_n or_o spadeful_a of_o earth_n by_o this_o piece_n of_o husbandry_n it_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o barren_a sandy_a ground_n be_v hollow_a loose_a and_o light_n the_o fatness_n or_o substance_n that_o shall_v nourish_v the_o root_n of_o the_o grain_n be_v by_o much_o rain_n within_o two_o year_n time_n wash_v or_o sink_v so_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o will_v not_o serve_v for_o any_o other_o season_n or_o seed_n time_n without_o more_o soil_n or_o new_a trench_a and_o as_o much_o wet_a and_o rain_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o unfruitfulness_n of_o the_o hungry_a hollow_a barren_a sand_n so_o likewise_o be_v drought_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v loose_a and_o hollow_a the_o sun_n by_o his_o heat_n do_v draw_v up_o the_o moisture_n and_o richness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o soil_n which_o the_o rain_n do_v leave_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o simple_a ground_n be_v barren_a and_o unfruitful_a be_v the_o gravel_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o a_o hungry_a earth_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o gritty_a loose_a sand_n this_o ground_n if_o it_o lie_v high_a and_o mountainous_a than_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n will_v appear_v as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o poor_a sand_n and_o clay_n one_o cause_n of_o its_o barrenness_n be_v from_o cold_a the_o gravel_n want_v good_a earth_n to_o warm_v and_o nourish_v that_o which_o shall_v grow_v in_o it_o also_o because_o in_o time_n of_o drought_n the_o sun_n will_v scorch_v and_o burn_v up_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o be_v it_o either_o corn_n or_o grass_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o this_o gravelly_a ground_n lie_v low_a than_o it_o be_v subject_a unto_o land-spring_n which_o within_o the_o earth_n wash_v away_o that_o substance_n and_o fatness_n from_o the_o root_n of_o corn_n and_o grass_n that_o shall_v be_v their_o nourishment_n also_o much_o rain_n do_v likewise_o wash_v away_o the_o fatness_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o roundness_n and_o hollow_a looseness_n of_o the_o stone_n so_o that_o what_o with_o the_o water_n within_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o water_n above_o also_o the_o heat_n and_o scorch_a of_o the_o sun_n which_o do_v dry_a up_o more_o easy_o its_o moisture_n this_o kind_n of_o earth_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unfruitful_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o way_n to_o improve_v it_o but_o by_o gather_v out_o the_o stone_n lay_v store_n of_o good_a earth_n and_o soil_n in_o the_o room_n and_o make_v drayne_n to_o carry_v away_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v not_o advise_v any_o to_o begin_v this_o piece_n of_o husbandry_n because_o the_o charge_n will_v amount_v unto_o so_o much_o and_o better_a land_n may_v be_v purchase_v at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n now_o as_o by_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n and_o by_o the_o clime_n and_o constitution_n of_o all_o simple_a ground_n do_v appear_v the_o richness_n and_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o poorness_n and_o barrenness_n of_o the_o other_o so_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n there_o may_v be_v judgement_n give_v of_o all_o compound_v ground_n or_o mix_v earth_n as_o sand_n with_o gravel_n or_o clay_n or_o loom_n with_o gravel_n or_o sand_n or_o other_o earth_n by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o ground_n either_o simple_a or_o compound_n the_o husbandman_n may_v have_v true_a knowledge_n to_o order_n and_o dress_v his_o ground_n and_o by_o purge_v and_o cleanse_v the_o same_o from_o those_o fault_n that_o hinder_v the_o increase_n expect_v a_o large_a and_o ample_a crop_n of_o corn_n or_o grass_n but_o yet_o the_o honest_a arborist_n may_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o plant_v of_o timber-tree_n if_o he_o go_v no_o deep_a than_o the_o outward_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o almost_o every_o ditcher_n can_v speak_v by_o experience_n in_o make_v of_o a_o ditch_n that_o the_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n many_o time_n do_v lie_v but_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n deep_a and_o the_o next_o earth_n prove_v a_o hard_a hungry_a gravel_n about_o a_o spade_n depth_n more_o the_o next_o spade_n depth_n or_o under_o the_o gravel_n it_o may_v be_v shall_v rise_v a_o cold_a barren_a clay_n and_o under_o that_o 8_o or_o 10_o inch_n more_o a_o good_a loom_n or_o sand_n also_o in_o rich_a earth_n the_o crust_n may_v lie_v 17_o or_o 18_o inch_n deep_a and_o under_o that_o depth_n a_o hard_a gravel_n or_o rock_n of_o stone_n quarry_n of_o slate_n or_o such_o like_a there_o be_v as_o many_o face_n or_o character_n of_o good_a and_o bad_a earth_n under_o the_o ground_n as_o above_z or_o upon_o the_o superficies_n but_o this_o must_v be_v try_v by_o a_o instrument_n hereafter_o mention_v there_o be_v other_o ground_n that_o have_v no_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n above_o but_o either_o a_o barren_a sand_n hungry_a gravel_n or_o cold_a clay_n and_o such_o like_a and_o yet_o within_o twelve_o inch_n depth_n have_v a_o very_a good_a earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a vein_n and_o sort_n of_o earth_n good_a and_o bad_a of_o all_o these_o quality_n he_o that_o dig_v mine_n and_o well_n can_v aver_v also_o that_o there_o be_v several_a vein_n of_o good_a and_o bad_a earth_n upon_o the_o ground_n gardener_n and_o plowman_n can_v testify_v there_o be_v likewise_o several_a sort_n of_o ground_n that_o may_v be_v good_a for_o corn_n and_o grass_n or_o small_a fruit-tree_n and_o bush_n yet_o not_o good_a for_o the_o plant_v of_o timber-tree_n first_o such_o ground_n that_o have_v a_o good_a crust_n or_o earth_n 12_o or_o 14_o inch_n deep_a and_o under_o this_o good_a earth_n a_o cold_a wet_a gravel_n be_v full_a of_o land-spring_n which_o be_v water_n run_v within_o the_o earth_n and_o show_v itself_o or_o be_v discover_v by_o break_v out_o or_o spew_v up_o in_o many_o place_n this_o and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o sound_a ground_n to_o plant_v timber_n tree_n in_o because_o after_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n have_v pass_v downward_o deep_a than_o the_o good_a earth_n the_o young_a and_o tender_a shoot_v of_o the_o root_n that_o the_o sap_n cause_v every_o year_n to_o spring_v forth_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o too_o much_o moisture_n and_o cold_a water_n within_o the_o earth_n chill_v and_o benumb_v so_o that_o they_o have_v not_o strength_n to_o enter_v the_o earth_n underneath_o the_o water_n or_o if_o they_o do_v the_o water_n follow_v also_o after_o do_v continual_o hinder_v they_o in_o their_o growth_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o thrive_a and_o so_o consequent_o the_o tree_n second_o such_o