he_o inform_v i_o that_o it_o be_v their_o usual_a way_n to_o turn_v water_n and_o snow_n into_o ice_n by_o pour_v a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n into_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o have_v also_o inquire_v 〈◊〉_d ice_n have_v not_o the_o like_a operation_n he_o tell_v 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v usual_a and_o he_o have_v see_v it_o practise_v in_o 〈◊〉_d to_o cement_v ice_n to_o building_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o also_o to_o case_n over_o body_n as_o it_o be_v with_o ice_n by_o gradual_o throw_v water_n upon_o they_o but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o effect_v be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v bare_o to_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o ice_n because_o i_o learn_v of_o he_o that_o this_o way_n of_o increase_a ice_n be_v practise_v in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n when_o water_n thin_o spread_v upon_o almost_o any_o other_o body_n will_v be_v freeze_v by_o the_o vehement_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air._n 7._o the_o glaciation_n that_o nature_n unguided_a by_o art_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v begin_v at_o those_o part_n of_o body_n at_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o usual_o happen_v that_o they_o freeze_v from_o the_o upper_a towards_o the_o low_a part_n but_o how_o far_o in_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o most_o considerable_a body_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v the_o frost_n will_v pierce_v downward_o though_o for_o some_o hint_n it_o will_v afford_v worth_a the_o know_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v define_v because_o the_o deepness_n of_o the_o frost_n may_v be_v much_o vary_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n in_o the_o air_n by_o which_o the_o glaciation_n seem_v to_o be_v produce_v as_o also_o by_o the_o great_a or_o 〈◊〉_d duration_n of_o the_o frost_n by_o the_o loose_a or_o close_a texture_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n be_v imbue_v and_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o subjacent_a and_o more_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o of_o which_o send_v up_o either_o actual_o warm_a or_o potential_o hot_a and_o resolve_v steam_n such_o as_o those_o that_o make_v corrosive_a liquor_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o frost_n will_v not_o seize_v upon_o or_o at_o lest_o can_v continue_v over_o mine_n and_o i_o have_v see_v good_a large_a scope_n of_o land_n where_o vast_a quantity_n of_o good_a limestone_n lie_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o lie_v there_o be_v divers_a other_o thing_n that_o may_v vary_v the_o depth_n to_o which_o the_o frost_n can_v penetrate_v into_o the_o ground_n i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n because_o in_o most_o case_n it_o will_v pierce_v deep_o into_o the_o water_n but_o yet_o that_o we_o may_v not_o leave_v this_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a altogether_o uncontribute_v to_o we_o will_v add_v some_o of_o our_o note_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o in_o our_o climate_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d less_o into_o the_o ground_n than_o many_o be_v please_v to_o think_v 8._o the_o note_n i_o find_v about_o this_o matter_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v which_o i_o 〈◊〉_d unaltered_a because_o it_o be_v tedious_a and_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o add_v the_o way_n we_o employ_v and_o the_o caution_n we_o use_v in_o make_v the_o observation_n but_o we_o shall_v rather_o intimate_v that_o the_o follow_a trial_n be_v make_v in_o a_o village_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o a_o great_a city_n i._n jan._n 22._o after_o four_o night_n of_o frost_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o very_o hard_a we_o go_v into_o a_o orchard_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v level_a and_o not_o cover_v with_o grass_n and_o find_v by_o dig_v that_o the_o frost_n have_v scarce_o pierce_v into_o the_o ground_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o a_o garden_n near_o the_o house_n we_o find_v not_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v freeze_v more_o than_o two_o inch_n beneath_o its_o surface_n ii_o nine_o or_o ten_o night_n successive_a frost_n freeze_v the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o garden_n about_o six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_a in_o depth_n and_o the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n where_o a_o wall_n 〈◊〉_d it_o from_o the_o south_n sun_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o about_o eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_o february_n the_o 9_o we_o dig_v in_o a_o orchard_n near_o a_o wall_n that_o respect_v the_o north_n and_o find_v the_o frost_n to_o have_v 〈◊〉_d the_o ground_n 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n at_o least_o above_o a_o foot_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o eight_o day_n since_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d inch_n and_o a_o half_a a_fw-la slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n about_o 18._o inch_n long_o and_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n be_v thrust_v over_o night_n into_o a_o hole_n purposely_o make_v with_o a_o spit_n straight_o down_o into_o the_o ground_n the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o tube_n be_v take_v out_o the_o water_n appear_v freeze_v in_o the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o a_o little_a more_o than_o three_o inch_n but_o from_o this_o stick_n of_o ice_n there_o reach_v downward_o a_o part_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o about_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v 〈◊〉_d though_o it_o be_v a_o exceed_a sharp_a night_n precede_v by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n that_o have_v be_v very_o lasting_a and_o very_o bitter_a the_o earth_n in_o the_o garden_n where_o this_o trial_n be_v make_v we_o guess_v to_o be_v freeze_v eight_o or_o ten_o inch_n deep_a as_o it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n about_o the_o same_o house_n but_o be_v this_o tube_n have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n will_v have_v freeze_v it_o quite_o through_o 9_o another_o note_n much_o of_o the_o same_o import_n we_o find_v in_o another_o place_n of_o our_o collection_n find_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mildness_n of_o our_o climate_n i_o be_v scarce_o to_o hope_v for_o any_o much_o deep_a congelation_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n i_o apply_v myself_o to_o inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v be_v at_o musco_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n there_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n as_o also_o to_o find_v in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n whether_o that_o inquisitive_a navigator_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v inform_v i_o how_o far_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o freeze_v the_o earth_n or_o water_n in_o the_o island_n of_o charleton_n where_o that_o quality_n may_v probable_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v as_o large_a a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n as_o in_o almost_o any_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n and_o by_o my_o inquiry_n i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o even_o in_o freeze_a region_n themselves_o a_o congeal_a degree_n of_o cold_a pierce_v nothing_o near_o so_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n as_o one_o will_v imagine_v for_o the_o traveller_n i_o speak_v with_o tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o garden_n in_o musco_n where_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o inquire_v about_o he_o find_v not_o the_o ground_n to_o be_v freeze_v much_o above_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o in_o captain_n james_n journal_n the_o most_o that_o i_o find_v and_o that_o too_o where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o prodigious_o tall_a ice_n they_o have_v in_o january_n concern_v the_o pierce_a of_o the_o frost_n into_o the_o ground_n be_v this_o that_o the_o ground_n at_o 63._o tenfoot_o deep_a be_v freeze_v whence_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v gather_v how_o much_o sharp_a cold_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v reign_v in_o that_o island_n than_o even_o in_o russia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n he_o do_v in_o another_o place_n occasional_o give_v we_o this_o memorable_a account_n of_o it_o where_o he_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o break_n up_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n that_o surround_v the_o island_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v note_v say_v he_o that_o it_o do_v 86._o not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n the_o rest_n be_v by_o accident_n such_o be_v that_o ice_n that_o you_o may_v see_v here_o six_o fathom_n thick_a this_o we_o have_v manifest_a proof_n of_o by_o our_o dig_v the_o ice_n out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o by_o dig_v to_o our_o anchor_n before_o the_o ice_n break_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o account_n not_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n i_o forbear_v to_o annex_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o notwithstanding_o our_o late_o mention_a experiment_n of_o freeze_a water_n in_o
as_o it_o can_v to_o its_o temper_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o then_o with_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o hand_n the_o include_v ice_n be_v loosen_v from_o the_o glass_n as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o a_o ruler_n divide_v into_o inch_n and_o eight_o be_v lay_v alongst_o it_o with_o a_o knife_n a_o little_a warm_v the_o ice_n be_v soon_o and_o yet_o not_o careless_o divide_v into_o several_a small_a cylinder_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n a_o piece_n and_o these_o cylinder_v thus_o reduce_v to_o as_o sensible_a a_o equality_n as_o we_o can_v be_v nimble_o and_o careful_o put_v into_o the_o several_a liquor_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v and_o while_o we_o ourselves_o watch_v very_o attentive_o till_o each_o of_o these_o icy_a cylinder_n be_v quite_o and_o yet_o but_o just_o dissolve_v we_o cause_v other_o to_o keep_v time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o pendulum_n who_o vibration_n be_v each_o a_o second_o minute_n or_o 60._o part_n of_o a_o common_a minute_n whereof_o 60._o go_v to_o make_v a_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o those_o we_o appoint_v to_o watch_v the_o vibration_n of_o the_o pendulum_n notwithstanding_o the_o quickness_n of_o its_o motion_n because_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o little_a instrument_n purposely_o contrive_v for_o such_o nice_a observation_n wherein_o a_o long_a index_n move_v upon_o a_o divide_a dyal_n plate_n do_v very_o manifest_o point_v out_o the_o number_n of_o the_o diadrome_n make_v by_o the_o pendulum_n 3._o this_o experiment_n be_v afterward_o repeat_v twice_o with_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n each_o of_o they_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o though_o the_o success_n of_o these_o trial_n be_v various_a enough_o yet_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v both_o the_o last_o as_o be_v make_v with_o more_o advantage_n than_o the_o first_o that_o the_o more_o light_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o they_o and_o that_o at_o least_o we_o may_v discover_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o make_v such_o experiment_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o that_o all_o the_o nice_a circumstance_n of_o they_o may_v safe_o be_v rely_v on_o i._o trial._n 1._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o iuch_n long_o be_v put_v into_o last_v 5._o minute_n 2._o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o which_o the_o ice_n sink_v last_v 12._o minute_n 3._o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la last_v 12_o ½_o minute_n 4._o water_n last_v about_o 12._o minute_n 5._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v not_o good_a 44._o minute_n 6._o air_n last_v 64._o minute_n ii_o trial._n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v 3._o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n last_v 13._o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n last_v 26._o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v 47._o minute_n 5._o in_o salad_n oil_n last_v 52._o minute_n 6._o in_o the_o air_n last_v 152._o minute_n 4._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o difference_n and_o how_o much_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n some_o of_o they_o make_v of_o common_a water_n and_o other_o of_o freeze_a wine_n milk_n oil_n urine_n and_o other_o spirituous_a liquor_n these_o several_a piece_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o same_o air_n or_o other_o ambient_fw-la liquor_n 5._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o motion_n will_v impart_v a_o heat_n to_o ice_n by_o nimble_o rub_v a_o strong_a piece_n of_o ice_n upon_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o though_o this_o seem_v to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o icy_a plate_n where_o the_o altrition_n have_v be_v make_v yet_o we_o be_v unwilling_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n till_o further_a and_o exacter_n trial_n have_v be_v make_v 6._o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n a_o experiment_n that_o have_v by_o some_o be_v think_v very_o strange_a the_o occasion_n i_o remember_v be_v that_o i_o receive_v the_o last_o winter_n the_o honour_n of_o a_o visit_n from_o a_o nobleman_n of_o great_a eminency_n and_o learning_n who_o chance_v to_o come_v in_o while_o i_o be_v make_v some_o trial_n with_o ice_n will_v needs_o know_v what_o i_o be_v do_v with_o it_o but_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a lady_n in_o who_o hymen_n have_v make_v he_o happy_a and_o of_o some_o other_o company_n of_o that_o sex_n that_o he_o bring_v along_o with_o he_o invite_v i_o to_o give_v he_o the_o answer_n that_o i_o think_v will_v be_v most_o suit_v and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o company_n i_o merry_o tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v try_v how_o to_o heat_v a_o cold_a liquor_n with_o ice_n and_o to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o be_v no_o impossibility_n i_o hold_v out_o a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n full_a of_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o for_o some_o just_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o describe_v but_o do_v plain_o teach_v it_o in_o a_o opportuner_n place_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o feel_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o actual_o cold_a and_o when_o they_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v so_o i_o choose_v among_o the_o piece_n ofice_n that_o lie_v by_o i_o that_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o my_o purpose_n for_o every_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o reason_n i_o elsewhere_o show_v and_o throw_v it_o into_o this_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o only_o in_o a_o trice_n vanish_v in_o it_o but_o the_o lady_n i_o be_v mention_v see_v the_o liquor_n smoke_n and_o advance_v hasty_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v real_o warm_a find_v it_o so_o hot_a that_o she_o be_v quick_o fain_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o and_o have_v almost_o burn_v her_o tender_a hand_n with_o which_o she_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o my_o 〈◊〉_d wasion_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o glass_n which_o her_o lord_n himself_o can_v 〈◊〉_d endure_v to_o hold_v in_o he_o but_o this_o experiment_n which_o for_o the_o main_a i_o have_v repeat_v before_o competent_a witness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a yet_o i_o shall_v not_o build_v much_o upon_o it_o because_o how_o strange_a soever_o many_o have_v be_v please_v to_o think_v it_o i_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o certain_a unperceivable_a slight_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o suddenness_n and_o surprizingness_n of_o the_o effect_n 7._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o think_v those_o much_o mistake_v who_o imagine_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a do_v continual_o depend_v upon_o the_o actual_a presence_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o manifest_a efficient_n as_o the_o light_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v upon_o the_o sun_n or_o fire_n or_o other_o luminous_a body_n upon_o who_o removal_n it_o immediate_o cease_v for_o when_o cold_a agent_n have_v actual_o bring_v a_o dispose_v subject_n to_o a_o state_n of_o congelation_n though_o the_o manifest_a efficient_a cause_n cease_v from_o act_v or_o perhaps_o from_o be_v the_o effect_n may_v yet_o continue_v for_o in_o most_o case_n if_o a_o certain_a texture_n be_v once_o produce_v in_o a_o body_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o constancy_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o persevere_v in_o that_o state_n till_o it_o be_v forcible_o put_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o agent_n capable_a to_o overpower_v it_o and_o though_o we_o usual_o see_v ice_n and_o snow_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o melt_v away_o when_o the_o frosty_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n cease_v yet_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o may_v be_v not_o bare_o the_o cessation_n of_o frosty_a weather_n but_o that_o those_o easy_o dissoluble_a body_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o free_a air_n which_o be_v heat_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n and_o perhaps_o by_o calorifick_a expiration_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o actual_a cause_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o destroy_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n but_o even_o here_o above_o ground_n if_o snow_n be_v well_o compact_v into_o great_a mass_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o little_a icickle_n but_o little_a air_n be_v allow_v to_o get_v between_o they_o i_o have_v see_v such_o mass_n of_o snow_n last_o so_o long_o not_o only_o in_o thaw_v but_o in_o rainy_a weather_n as_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o and_o if_o such_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v be_v fence_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o external_a enemy_n though_o the_o place_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o cold_a enough_o to_o produce_v ice_n yet_o it_o will_v as_o some_o trial_n
quality_n there_o will_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_o who_o account_n particular_a body_n must_v be_v cold_a since_o to_o make_v this_o or_o that_o body_n so_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n or_o some_o other_o agent_n whatever_o it_o be_v that_o agitate_a more_o vehement_o its_o part_n before_o do_v now_o either_o cease_v to_o agitate_v they_o or_o agitate_v they_o but_o very_o remissly_a so_o that_o till_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o can_v be_v a_o positive_a quality_n or_o but_o a_o privative_a it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o contend_v what_o particular_a body_n ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n above_o specify_v 4._o second_o though_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v not_o only_o by_o the_o school_n but_o by_o their_o adversary_n the_o chemist_n that_o heat_n and_o moisture_n dryness_n and_o gravity_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o other_o quality_n must_v have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o principal_a subject_n to_o reside_v in_o upon_o who_o account_n and_o by_o participation_n of_o which_o that_o quality_n belong_v to_o the_o other_o body_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o though_o this_o be_v so_o i_o say_v yet_o we_o have_v chemist_n elsewhere_o full_o enough_o manifest_v that_o this_o fundamental_a notion_n upon_o which_o much_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o quality_n be_v both_o by_o aristotelian_o and_o vulgar_a chemist_n superstruct_v be_v but_o a_o unwarrantable_a conceit_n and_o therefore_o not_o sufficient_a for_o a_o wary_a naturalist_n to_o build_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_z there_o be_v indeed_o many_o quality_n as_o gravity_n and_o figure_n and_o motion_n and_o colour_n and_o sound_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o no_o true_a and_o genuine_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d can_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v ever_o yet_o discover_v be_v assign_v and_o because_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o diametrical_o opposite_a quality_n we_o may_v consider_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o heat_n since_o stone_n and_o metal_n and_o plant_n and_o animal_n and_o very_o few_o except_v all_o consistent_a body_n we_o be_v conversant_a with_o may_v by_o motion_n be_v bring_v to_o heat_n which_o to_o attribute_v to_o the_o participation_n of_o some_o portion_n or_o other_o of_o the_o imaginary_a element_n of_o fire_n be_v not_o only_o precarious_a be_v affirm_v by_o many_o and_o flame_n prove_v by_o none_o but_o erroneous_a or_o at_o least_o needless_a as_o we_o have_v more_o at_o large_a declare_v in_o other_o paper_n 5._o a_o three_o thing_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o question_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v that_o among_o those_o body_n that_o the_o chief_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n whether_o ancient_n or_o modern_a have_v pitch_v upon_o there_o be_v not_o any_o that_o seem_v clear_o to_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o to_o make_v this_o appear_v we_o must_v distinct_o though_o as_o brief_o as_o our_o design_n will_v permit_v consider_v those_o four_o several_a body_n which_o we_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o section_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o stand_v in_o competition_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n for_o the_o title_n of_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 6._o first_o than_o plutarch_n and_o other_o contend_v that_o it_o be_v the_o earth_n but_o to_o omit_v other_o argument_n we_o see_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v freeze_v not_o by_o its_o own_o cold_a but_o by_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v be_v argue_v by_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o congeal_a cold_a even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n affect_v but_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o border_n on_o the_o air_n and_o seldom_o pierce_v above_o a_o few_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o yard_n beneath_o that_o part_n wherein_o the_o earth_n be_v expose_v and_o immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v concern_v the_o small_a depth_n to_o which_o frost_n reach_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v protect_v from_o the_o air_n though_o by_o so_o cold_a a_o body_n as_o water_n it_o may_v be_v keep_v unfrozen_a all_o the_o winter_n long_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o that_o remarkable_a practice_n in_o the_o great_a salt-marsh_n of_o the_o french_a island_n of_o xaintonge_n where_o as_o a_o diligent_a writer_n of_o that_o country_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o french_a salt_n inform_v we_o when_o once_o the_o season_n of_o coagulate_a salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v quite_o past_a the_o owner_n be_v careful_a by_o open_v certain_a sluice_n to_o overflow_v all_o the_o bank_n and_o dam_n that_o make_v and_o divide_v the_o salt-pond_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o workman_n to_o pass_v to_o commum_fw-la and_o fro_o for_o say_v my_o author_n in_o his_o own_o language_n if_o they_o leave_v those_o marsh_n or_o salt-work_n uncovered_v the_o frost_n will_v make_v such_o havoc_n among_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v they_o up_o again_o every_o year_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o water_n they_o be_v preserve_v or_o keep_v in_o repair_n from_o year_n to_o year_n which_o practise_v i_o the_o rather_o mention_v because_o the_o hint_n it_o afford_v as_o it_o be_v considerable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n so_o it_o may_v on_o some_o occasion_n be_v applicable_a to_o practice_n useful_a to_o humane_a society_n 7._o beside_o the_o earth_n be_v according_a to_o those_o we_o reason_n with_o the_o cold_a heavy_a and_o solid_a of_o element_n it_o be_v not_o so_o probable_a as_o to_o excuse_v they_o from_o the_o need_n of_o prove_v it_o that_o those_o excessive_o cold_a agent_n that_o freeze_v the_o cloud_n into_o snow_n and_o hail_n shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d exhalation_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n especial_o since_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o agent_n either_o hard_a to_o be_v guess_v at_o or_o considerable_o hot_a and_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o if_o elementary_a corpuscle_n steam_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o congeal_a cold_a where_o they_o be_v disunite_v and_o but_o intersperse_v among_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n the_o mass_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o whence_o those_o exhalation_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v shall_v not_o be_v able_a also_o to_o congeal_v water_n since_o the_o terrestrial_a corpuscle_n be_v more_o thick_o set_v and_o unite_v in_o a_o clod_n of_o earth_n then_o in_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o seem_v that_o where_o the_o frigorifick_a matter_n be_v more_o dense_a the_o cold_a shall_v be_v more_o vehement_a as_o philosopher_n observe_v that_o heat_n be_v more_o intense_a in_o a_o glow_a bar_n of_o iron_n than_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o kindle_a straw_n 8._o but_o not_o to_o repeat_v what_o we_o former_o mention_v about_o cold_n be_v a_o privation_n there_o be_v another_o argument_n against_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n which_o break_v forth_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o aetna_n vesuvius_n hecla_n the_o pico_n of_o tenariffe_n etc._n etc._n seem_v to_o argue_v a_o subterraneal_a fire_n upon_o who_o existence_n not_o only_o many_o chemist_n build_v great_a matter_n but_o even_o divers_a philosopher_n have_v adopt_v it_o and_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la himself_n seem_v so_o far_o to_o countenance_v it_o as_o to_o employ_v it_o as_o one_o argument_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o neither_o hot_a nor_o cold_a the_o mention_n of_o this_o subterraneal_a fire_n bring_v into_o my_o mind_n some_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o good_a though_o not_o classic_a author_n and_o among_o man_n that_o have_v be_v either_o digger_n of_o or_o conversant_a in_o mine_n not_o improper_a to_o be_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n about_o the_o central_n fire_n either_o of_o the_o chemist_n or_o cartesian_o and_o though_o the_o example_n new_o mention_v and_o such_o other_o seem_v to_o i_o but_o very_o inconsiderable_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o whole_a earth_n yet_o it_o be_v observable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o subterraneal_a heat_n or_o warmth_n at_o least_o general_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o for_o even_o where_o there_o appear_v no_o manifest_a sign_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n i_o have_v know_v those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o deep_a mine_n complain_v that_o a_o very_a
that_o treat_v of_o ice_n yet_o two_o or_o three_o notable_a instance_n which_o we_o do_v not_o elsewhere_o mention_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o deliver_v in_o this_o place_n 7._o the_o first_o declare_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o man_n mouth_n his_o spittle_n may_v be_v freeze_v even_o there_o the_o 27._o of_o september_n they_o be_v the_o word_n of_o gerat_fw-la 491._o de_fw-fr veer_v it_o blow_v hard_a north-east_n and_o it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o as_o we_o put_v a_o nail_n into_o our_o mouth_n as_o when_o man_n work_v carpenter_n work_v they_o use_v to_o do_v there_o will_v ice_n hang_v thereon_o when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o again_o and_o make_v the_o blood_n follow_v the_o like_a relation_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o a_o modern_a english_a navigator_n and_o it_o be_v very_o little_a if_o at_o all_o more_o strange_a than_o what_o be_v affirm_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n ambassador_n to_o the_o russian_a emperor_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n say_v doctor_n fletcher_n speak_v of_o muscovia_n if_o you_o hold_v a_o pewter_n dish_n or_o pot_n in_o your_o hand_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n except_o in_o some_o chamber_n where_o their_o warm_a stove_n be_v your_o finger_n will_v stick_v fast_o to_o it_o and_o draw_v off_o the_o skin_n at_o the_o part_n 8._o the_o other_o instance_n i_o intend_v to_o mention_v be_v this_o that_o though_o macrobius_n and_o other_o learned_a man_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a will_v not_o allow_v salt_n water_n to_o be_v congealable_a yet_o the_o dutch_a at_o nova_n zembla_n relate_v that_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o september_n and_o a_o the_o marginal_a note_n say_v in_o a_o night_n it_o freeze_v two_o inch_n thick_a in_o the_o salt_n water_n 491._o 9_o as_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o violent_a cold_n upon_o the_o earth_n what_o they_o will_v prove_v upon_o pure_a and_o elementary_a earth_n if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v i_o can_v but_o conjecture_v but_o as_o for_o that_o impure_a or_o mingle_a earth_n which_o we_o common_o tread_v on_o the_o effect_n of_o extreme_a cold_a upon_o that_o may_v be_v very_o notable_a for_o olearius_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o the_o cold_a be_v so_o bitter_a at_o musco_n that_o in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n he_o see_v the_o ground_n open_v by_o it_o so_o that_o there_o be_v make_v a_o cleave_v of_o many_o yard_n long_o and_o a_o foot_n broad_a and_n the_o present_a great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n physician_n be_v ask_v by_o i_o concern_v the_o truth_n of_o such_o relation_n answer_v i_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v in_o those_o part_n see_v the_o ground_n reduce_v by_o the_o cold_a to_o gape_v so_o wide_a that_o a_o child_n head_n may_v well_o have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o cleave_a 10._o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o extreme_a cold_a of_o winter_n shall_v both_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o like_a effect_n but_o whether_o to_o make_v these_o gape_a chink_n that_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v first_o freeze_v be_v afterward_o break_a by_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o moist_a earth_n underneath_o to_o which_o the_o cold_a at_o length_n pierce_v and_o congeal_v it_o make_v it_o swell_v and_o heave_v and_o so_o burst_v or_o cleave_v the_o hard_a and_o freeze_a crust_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o can_v sufficient_o yield_v to_o it_o whether_o this_o i_o say_v may_v produce_v the_o cleft_n we_o be_v speak_v of_o or_o whether_o they_o must_v be_v derive_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n not_o have_v yet_o make_v the_o experiment_n i_o think_v upon_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n one_o way_n or_o other_o i_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o pretend_v to_o determine_v but_o will_v rather_o subjoin_v the_o second_o observation_n i_o purpose_v to_o mention_v of_o a_o strange_a operation_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o dutch_a in_o their_o often_o quote_v three_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n in_o one_o place_n of_o which_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o they_o have_v build_v they_o a_o wooden_a house_n and_o be_v go_v to_o 491._o shut_v themselves_o up_o in_o it_o for_o the_o winter_n they_o make_v a_o great_a fire_n without_o the_o house_n therewith_o to_o thaw_v the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v so_o lay_v it_o viz._n the_o wood_n about_o the_o house_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o close_o but_o it_o be_v all_o lose_a labour_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o hard_o and_o freeze_v so_o deep_a into_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o can_v not_o thaw_v it_o and_o it_o will_v have_v cost_v they_o too_o much_o wood_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v off_o that_o labour_n 11._o after_o what_o we_o have_v say_v about_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a in_o reference_n to_o fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o effect_n upon_o confess_o compound_a body_n whether_o inanimate_a or_o live_a but_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o mix_v body_n i_o mean_v those_o that_o have_v not_o life_n it_o will_v not_o be_v necessary_a to_o say_v much_o in_o this_o section_n in_o regard_n that_o we_o have_v in_o many_o other_o place_n upon_o several_a occasion_n have_v opportunity_n to_o mention_v already_o most_o of_o the_o particular_n that_o belong_v to_o that_o head_n for_o we_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n that_o violent_a cold_n will_v freeze_v beer_n ale_n vinegar_n oil_n common_a wine_n and_o even_o sack_n and_o alicant_n themselves_o we_o have_v likewise_o note_v that_o the_o cold_a may_v have_v a_o notable_a operation_n upon_o wood_n brick_n stone_n vessel_n of_o glass_n earth_n and_o even_o pewter_n and_o iron_n themselves_o to_o which_o bartholinus_n out_o of_o janus_n munck_n voyage_n to_o greenland_n allow_v we_o to_o add_v vessel_n of_o brass_n though_o these_o be_v not_o immediate_o break_v by_o the_o cold_a but_o by_o the_o include_v liquor_n which_o it_o dilate_v and_o divers_a strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o inanimate_a body_n which_o it_o be_v here_o troublesome_a to_o recapitulate_v may_v be_v meet_v with_o disperse_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o present_a history_n wherefore_o have_v only_o intimate_v in_o general_a that_o though_o many_o plant_n be_v preserve_v by_o a_o moderate_a cold_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o most_o garden-plant_n be_v destroy_v by_o excessive_a degree_n of_o it_o we_o will_v pass_v on_o to_o consider_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o animal_n and_o of_o the_o many_o observation_n that_o we_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o traveller_n concern_v this_o subject_n we_o shall_v to_o avoid_v prolixity_n deliver_v only_o the_o considerabl_a and_o those_o that_o we_o find_v attest_v by_o very_o credible_a writer_n 12._o captain_n james_n speak_v of_o the_o last_o of_o the_o three_o difference_n he_o make_v of_o cold_a namely_o that_o which_o he_o and_o his_o company_n feel_v in_o the_o wood_n give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o as_o for_o the_o last_o it_o 64._o will_v be_v so_o extreme_a that_o it_o be_v not_o endurable_a no_o clothes_n be_v proof_n against_o it_o no_o motion_n can_v resist_v it_o it_o will_v moreover_o so_o freeze_v the_o hair_n of_o our_o eyelid_n that_o we_o can_v not_o see_v and_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v have_v stifle_v a_o man_n in_o a_o very_a few_o hour_n 13._o olearius_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o air_n of_o muscovy_n and_o especial_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o it_o the_o cold_a say_v he_o be_v there_o so_o violent_a that_o no_o 117._o fur_n can_v hinder_v it_o but_o sometime_o man_n nose_n and_o ear_n foot_n and_o hand_n will_v be_v freeze_v and_o all_o fall_v off_o he_o add_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o when_o he_o be_v there_o they_o can_v not_o go_v 50._o pace_n without_o be_v benumb_v with_o cold_a and_o in_o danger_n of_o lose_v some_o of_o their_o limb_n and_o yet_o to_o add_v that_o remarkable_a observation_n upon_o the_o by_o the_o same_o author_n near_o the_o same_o place_n speak_v of_o musco_n and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o vast_a empire_n say_v that_o the_o air_n 116._o be_v good_a and_o healthy_a so_o that_o there_o one_o scarce_o ever_o hear_v of_o the_o plague_n or_o any_o other_o epidemical_a disease_n and_o he_o add_v that_o for_o that_o reason_n when_o in_o the_o year_n 1654._o the_o plague_n make_v havoc_n in_o that_o great_a city_n the_o thing_n be_v very_o surprise_v nothing_o like_o it_o have_v be_v see_v there_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n 14._o our_o already_o divers_a time_n mention_v english_a
to_o be_v measure_v so_o the_o measurer_n not_o know_v how_o long_o they_o may_v have_v be_v on_o ground_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v much_o of_o that_o admire_a height_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o snow_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n fall_v very_o plentiful_o in_o those_o freeze_a region_n and_o be_v compact_v together_o either_o by_o the_o sun_n who_o beam_n sometime_o begin_v to_o thaw_v it_o and_o sometime_o by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o wave_n that_o beat_v against_o the_o ice_n and_o be_v congeal_v with_o the_o snow_n do_v as_o it_o be_v cement_v the_o part_n of_o it_o together_o and_o sometime_o by_o both_o of_o these_o cause_n so_o in_o the_o instance_n allege_v 14._o out_o of_o captain_n james_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o high_a as_o his_o top-mast-head_n it_o be_v say_v also_o that_o they_o be_v on_o ground_n in_o 40._o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o other_o example_n mention_v out_o of_o bartholinus_n though_o there_o be_v 40._o fathom_n attribute_v 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spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o the_o differ_a degree_n of_o that_o quality_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o air_n the_o vast_a fluid_n we_o deal_v with_o i_o do_v indeed_o think_v fit_a to_o measure_v how_o much_o cold_a condense_n it_o but_o the_o account_n of_o that_o experiment_n will_v be_v more_o opportune_o deliver_v in_o air._n one_o of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n title_n xi_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n 1._o have_v show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o expansion_n make_v of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a body_n by_o congelation_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v how_o strong_a this_o expansion_n be_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o no_o body_n have_v yet_o that_o we_o know_v of_o make_v any_o particular_a trial_n on_o purpose_n to_o make_v discovery_n in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o although_o some_o unhappy_a accident_n have_v keep_v our_o experiment_n from_o be_v as_o accurate_a as_o we_o design_v and_o as_o 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be_v some_o unheeded_a flaw_n or_o crack_v of_o the_o glass_n at_o which_o the_o air_n have_v steal_v out_o we_o draw_v near_o the_o vessel_n and_o attentive_o pry_v all_o about_o it_o to_o try_v if_o we_o can_v discover_v any_o ground_n of_o our_o suspicion_n we_o find_v as_o far_o as_o the_o divide_a list_n and_o other_o circumstance_n can_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o air_n suppose_v none_o of_o it_o to_o have_v get_v away_o be_v reduce_v by_o our_o estimate_n into_o the_o 19_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o and_o this_o our_o curiosity_n prove_v not_o unseasonable_a for_o while_o we_o be_v narrow_o survey_v the_o glass_n to_o spy_v out_o some_o flaw_n in_o it_o we_o be_v quick_o satisfy_v there_o have_v be_v none_o by_o a_o huge_a crack_n make_v upon_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o include_v air_n who_o spring_n be_v by_o so_o great_a a_o compression_n make_v too_o strong_a for_o the_o glass_n to_o resist_v it_o do_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n break_v the_o ball_n 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xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n 1._o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a or_o to_o speak_v plain_a the_o space_n to_o who_o extremity_n every_o way_n the_o action_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n be_v able_a to_o reach_v be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o worth_a the_o inquire_n after_o but_o more_o difficult_a to_o find_v then_o at_o first_o one_o will_v imagine_v for_o to_o be_v able_a to_o assign_v the_o determinate_a limit_n within_o which_o and_o not_o beyond_o they_o a_o cold_a body_n can_v operate_v several_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n as_o first_o what_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v that_o belong_v to_o the_o assign_a body_n for_o it_o seem_v rational_a to_o conceive_v that_o if_o a_o cold_a body_n as_o such_o have_v a_o diffusive_a virtue_n those_o that_o have_v great_a degree_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n and_o snow_n will_v be_v able_a to_o diffuse_v it_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n as_o we_o see_v that_o a_o coal_n of_o fire_n will_v cast_v a_o sensible_a heat_n much_o further_a than_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n that_o be_v heat_v without_o be_v kindle_v second_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o the_o diffusion_n be_v make_v may_v help_v to_o enlarge_v the_o bound_n or_o straiten_v the_o limit_n of_o it_o as_o that_o medium_n be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o receive_v or_o to_o transmit_v the_o action_n of_o the_o cold_a agent_n three_o not_o only_o the_o consistence_n and_o texture_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o its_o motion_n or_o rest_v may_v be_v consider_v in_o this_o case_n for_o in_o frosty_a and_o snowy_a weather_n man_n observe_v the_o wind_n that_o come_v from_o freeze_a land_n to_o blow_v more_o cold_a than_o wind_n from_o the_o same_o quarter_n will_v do_v in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o ice_n nor_o snow_n in_o their_o passage_n four_o there_o may_v be_v make_v very_o differ_v estimate_n of_o the_o diffusion_n of_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o instrument_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o receive_v and_o acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o action_n of_o cold._n for_o a_o liquor_n or_o other_o body_n may_v not_o appear_v cold_a to_o he_o that_o examine_v it_o with_o a_o weatherglass_n while_o he_o shall_v feel_v it_o cold_a with_o his_o hand_n and_o as_o we_o elsewhere_o also_o note_n to_o that_o sensory_a itself_o as_o it_o be_v various_o dispose_v the_o same_o object_n will_v seem_v more_o or_o less_o cold_a so_o much_o may_v the_o predisposition_n of_o the_o organ_n impose_v upon_o the_o unskilful_a or_o unwary_a five_o the_o very_a bulk_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n may_v very_o much_o enlarge_v or_o lessen_v its_o sphere_n of_o activity_n as_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v ere_o long_o and_o beside_o there_o may_v be_v divers_a other_o thing_n that_o may_v render_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o ascertain_v any_o thing_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v reserve_v they_o for_o other_o opportunity_n and_o observe_v now_o in_o general_n that_o in_o such_o small_a parcel_n of_o ice_n itself_o as_o in_o our_o experiment_n we_o be_v wont_n to_o deal_v with_o we_o have_v find_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a exceed_a narrow_a not_o only_o in_o comparison_n of_o that_o of_o heat_n in_o fire_n but_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o of_o many_o odorous_a body_n as_o musk_n civet_n spice_n rose_n wormwood_n assa_fw-la dulcis_fw-la assa_fw-la foetida_fw-la castoreum_n camphire_n and_o the_o like_a nay_o and_o even_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o the_o more_o vigorous_a lodestone_n insomuch_o that_o we_o have_v doubt_v whether_o the_o sense_n can_v discern_v a_o cold_a body_n 〈◊〉_d then_o by_o immediate_a contact_n 2._o and_o to_o
we_o must_v not_o here_o treat_v indefinite_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o other_o body_n be_v most_o of_o they_o produce_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o cold_a first_o diffuse_v in_o the_o air_n and_o those_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o a_o distinct_a section_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v now_o give_v two_o or_o three_o instance_n of_o the_o sudden_a operation_n of_o the_o cold_a harbour_v in_o the_o air._n the_o former_o mention_v english_a ambassador_n into_o russia_n dr._n fletcher_n give_v we_o two_o instance_n very_o memorable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n when_o 415._o you_o pass_v say_v he_o out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o a_o cold_a you_o will_v sensible_o feel_v your_o breath_n to_o wax_v stark_o and_o even_o stifle_v with_o the_o cold_a as_o you_o draw_v it_o in_o and_o out_o so_o powerful_o and_o nimble_o do_v the_o intense_o refrigerated_a air_n work_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n and_n whereas_o a_o very_a credible_a person_n now_o chief_a physician_n to_o the_o russian_a emperor_n be_v ask_v by_o i_o concern_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o be_v report_v sometime_o to_o happen_v at_o musco_n and_o be_v repute_v the_o eminent_a proof_n that_o be_v ready_o observable_a of_o the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n assure_v i_o that_o he_o himself_o see_v the_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o actual_o congeal_v into_o ice_n dr._n fletcher_n confirm_v this_o report_n for_o our_o ambassador_n also_o say_v that_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n you_o may_v judge_v of_o by_o this_o for_o 414._o that_o water_n drop_v down_o or_o cast_v up_o into_o the_o air_n congeal_v into_o ice_n before_o it_o come_v to_o ground_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o inquire_v about_o the_o probability_n of_o such_o relation_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o be_v at_o the_o famous_a siege_n of_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n he_o observe_v it_o to_o be_v so_o extreme_o cold_a in_o the_o field_n that_o his_o hospital_n will_v freeze_v in_o fall_v betwixt_o his_o mouth_n and_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o if_o he_o spit_v against_o a_o tree_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n it_o will_v not_o stick_v but_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o 17._o among_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o cold_a relate_v to_o the_o air_n i_o endeavour_v to_o observe_v whether_o upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o wether_n from_o warm_a or_o mild_a to_o cold_a and_o frosty_a there_o will_v appear_v any_o difference_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o its_o be_v plentiful_o furnish_v with_o a_o new_a stock_n of_o such_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n as_o several_a of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n ascribe_v its_o coldness_n to_o but_o though_o i_o several_a time_n observe_v by_o compare_v a_o good_a barometer_n and_o sometime_o also_o unseal_v weather-glass_n furnish_v one_o with_o a_o tinct_a liquor_n and_o the_o other_o with_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o upon_o the_o come_n in_o of_o clear_a and_o frosty_a weather_n the_o atmosphere_n will_v very_o early_o appear_v sensible_o heavy_a than_o before_o and_o continue_v so_o as_o long_o as_o the_o cold_a and_o clear_a weather_n last_v yet_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o consideration_n and_o trial_n that_o breed_v some_o scruple_n in_o i_o i_o refer_v the_o matter_n to_o more_o frequent_a and_o last_a observation_n than_o i_o yet_o have_v be_v able_a to_o make_v in_o which_o it_o will_v concern_v those_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n not_o only_o to_o consider_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o increase_a gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o come_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n into_o the_o air_n but_o to_o have_v a_o special_a care_n that_o their_o barascope_n be_v more_o careful_o free_v from_o the_o air_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o lurk_v in_o quick_a silver_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o liquor_n than_o those_o in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n tube_v usual_o be_v lest_o that_o air_n get_v up_o into_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n do_v by_o its_o expansion_n and_o contraction_n obtain_v a_o unsuspected_a interest_n in_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o subjacent_a mercurial_a cylinder_n and_o so_o impose_v upon_o they_o 18._o another_o effect_n that_o the_o cold_a especial_o in_o northern_a country_n have_v oftentimes_o upon_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v the_o make_v the_o air_n more_o or_o less_o clear_a than_o usual_o it_o be_v for_o in_o the_o northern_a voyage_n the_o seaman_n frequent_o complain_v of_o thick_a and_o last_a fog_n who_o cause_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o consider_v but_o some_o help_n to_o guess_v at_o they_o may_v be_v give_v by_o what_o we_o be_v about_o to_o add_v namely_o that_o it_o very_o frequent_o happen_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o when_o the_o cold_a be_v very_a intense_a the_o air_n grow_v much_o clear_a than_o at_o other_o time_n probable_o because_o the_o cold_a by_o condense_v precipitate_v the_o vapour_n that_o thicken_v the_o air_n and_o by_o freeze_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n keep_v in_o the_o steam_n that_o will_v else_o arise_v to_o thicken_v the_o air_n not_o to_o dispute_v 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v not_o also_o somewhat_o repress_v the_o vapour_n that_o will_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o water_n itself_o since_o some_o of_o our_o navigator_n observe_v that_o even_o when_o it_o be_v not_o cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v so_o far_o chill_a and_o infrigidate_v it_o that_o the_o snow_n will_v lie_v on_o it_o without_o melt_v 19_o i_o remember_v a_o swedish_n extraordinary_a ambassador_n and_o a_o very_a know_a person_n who_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v particular_o acquaint_v with_o will_v say_v when_o he_o see_v a_o frosty_a day_n accompany_v with_o great_a clearness_n that_o it_o then_o look_v like_o a_o swedish_n winter_n where_o when_o once_o the_o frosty_a weather_n be_v settle_v the_o sky_n be_v wont_n for_o a_o very_a long_a time_n to_o be_v very_o serene_a and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o here_o in_o england_n we_o usual_o observe_v the_o sharp_a frosty_a night_n to_o be_v the_o clear_a but_o to_o confirm_v our_o observation_n by_o a_o very_a remarkable_a instance_n i_o shall_v borrow_v it_o 〈◊〉_d a_o navigator_n very_o curious_a of_o celestial_a observation_n which_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v to_o bring_v the_o great_a credit_n to_o the_o follow_a observation_n of_o captain_n james_n which_o in_o his_o journal_n be_v thus_o deliver_v the_o thirty_o and_o one_o 62._o and_o thirty_o of_o january_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n more_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v before_o see_v by_o two_o three_o i_o can_v see_v the_o cloud_n in_o cancer_n full_a of_o small_a star_n 20._o to_o determine_v what_o effect_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v upon_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o luminary_n and_o other_o star_n i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o work_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n and_o that_o will_v require_v much_o consideration_n as_o well_o as_o time_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v two_o or_o three_o narrative_n supply_v i_o by_o navigator_n without_o add_v at_o present_a any_o thing_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n 21._o the_o first_o be_v that_o famous_a observation_n of_o the_o dutch_a in_o nova_n zembla_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n to_o evince_v by_o several_a circumstance_n some_o of_o they_o high_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o their_o account_n of_o time_n according_a to_o which_o they_o conclude_v that_o they_o see_v the_o sun_n who_o they_o have_v lose_v sight_n of_o eleven_o week_n before_o about_o fourteen_o day_n soon_o than_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v appear_v to_o they_o which_o difference_n have_v be_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o all_o that_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o ascribe_v to_o the_o strange_o great_a refraction_n in_o that_o gelid_a and_o northern_a air_n 22._o and_o as_o for_o that_o other_o extreme_o cold_a country_n where_o captain_n james_n winter_v it_o appear_v by_o his_o journal_n that_o he_o there_o make_v divers_a celestial_a and_o other_o observation_n which_o give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o refraction_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o complain_v that_o he_o find_v it_o very_o great_a though_o among_o the_o particular_n he_o take_v notice_n of_o there_o be_v some_o that_o seem_v not_o very_o strange_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o that_o be_v near_o so_o wonderful_a as_o that_o new_o mention_v of_o the_o hollander_n in_o nova_n zembla_n however_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n air_n in_o charleton_n island_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_a passage_n
out_o of_o his_o journal_n since_o they_o may_v at_o least_o help_v we_o to_o conjecture_v what_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v in_o reference_n to_o refraction_n from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o such_o the_o 21._o 61._o of_o january_n say_v he_o i_o observe_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o exactness_n i_o can_v it_o be_v very_o clear_a sunshine_n weather_n which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v 51._o 52._o this_o difference_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a refraction_n which_o last_o clause_n be_v very_o obscure_a unless_o it_o refer_v as_o one_o may_v guess_v it_o do_v to_o what_o he_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o his_o first_o come_v to_o the_o island_n he_o take_v the_o latitude_n with_o two_o quadrant_n 46._o and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v inst_n 52._o degree_n without_o any_o minute_n elsewhere_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 64._o say_v he_o by_o these_o glass_n i_o compare_v to_o the_o star_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o find_v the_o sun_n to_o rise_v twenty_o minute_n before_o it_o shall_v and_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n twenty_o minute_n or_o thereabouts_o long_o than_o it_o shall_v and_o all_o this_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o refraction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n march_v the_o 15._o this_o evening_n say_v he_o the_o moon_n 66._o rise_v in_o a_o very_a long_a oval_n alongst_o the_o horizon_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o passage_n more_o out_o of_o our_o author_n concern_v refraction_n not_o only_o because_o it_o may_v bear_v testimony_n to_o some_o relation_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n that_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o another_o treatise_n but_o because_o it_o be_v conclude_v with_o a_o observation_n that_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o mistake_n in_o it_o be_v odd_a enough_o i_o have_v often_o say_v he_o observe_v 69._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o clear_a weather_n and_o misty_a refractious_a weather_n in_o this_o manner_n from_o a_o little_a hill_n which_o be_v near_o adjoin_v to_o our_o house_n in_o the_o clear_a weather_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v with_o all_o the_o purity_n of_o air_n that_o i_o can_v conceive_v we_o can_v not_o see_v a_o little_a istand_n which_o bear_v of_o we_o south_n southeast_n some_o four_o league_n of_o but_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v misty_a as_o aforesaid_a than_o we_o can_v often_o see_v it_o from_o the_o low_a place_n 23._o hitherto_o i_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n in_o general_n and_o though_o the_o past_a discourse_n have_v be_v prolix_a enough_o yet_o possible_o i_o may_v have_v no_o few_o thing_n to_o say_v if_o i_o will_v at_o present_a fall_n upon_o the_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o three_o region_n into_o which_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v distinguish_v for_o i_o confess_v i_o be_o not_o altogether_o without_o scruple_n both_o as_o to_o the_o number_n and_o as_o to_o the_o limit_n and_o as_o to_o the_o quality_n assign_v to_o these_o aerial_a region_n but_o as_o i_o have_v partly_o declare_v in_o another_o antiperistasis_n tract_n though_o i_o have_v time_n to_o enter_v upon_o so_o intricate_a a_o disquisition_n yet_o till_o i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o consult_v some_o other_o paper_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o what_o i_o have_v note_v touch_v these_o difficulty_n may_v not_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o another_o treatise_n than_o this_o of_o cold._n 24._o have_v thus_o dispatch_v the_o few_o experiment_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o among_o my_o paper_n concern_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n i_o now_o proceed_v to_o subjoin_v some_o observation_n that_o have_v occur_v to_o i_o in_o the_o write_n or_o verbal_a relation_n of_o navigator_n and_o traveller_n about_o that_o subject_n but_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o cold_a which_o nature_n of_o her_o own_o accord_n present_v we_o with_o seem_v to_o be_v produce_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o by_o the_o air_n we_o intend_v not_o here_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o large_a sense_n but_o only_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o choice_a instance_n that_o seem_v to_o belong_v to_o our_o present_a argument_n and_o these_o we_o shall_v annex_v either_o as_o promiscuous_a observation_n at_o the_o close_a of_o this_o section_n or_o as_o illustration_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n i._o the_o first_o i_o shall_v propose_v in_o these_o term_n that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o have_v former_o either_o hear_v from_o a_o skilful_a man_n or_o observe_v myself_o about_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o place_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a hemisphere_n namely_o that_o of_o place_n equal_o distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o northern_a the_o other_o from_o the_o southern_a pole_n the_o latter_a be_v general_o much_o cold_a than_o the_o former_a and_o as_o i_o remember_v i_o long_o since_o note_v some_o thing_n to_o this_o purpose_n but_o be_v not_o at_o present_a able_a to_o recover_v they_o i_o shall_v propose_v this_o only_a as_o that_o which_o may_v deserve_v a_o inquiry_n be_v not_o yet_o satisfy_v but_o that_o in_o the_o example_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o some_o accidental_a and_o concurrent_a cause_n may_v have_v occasion_v the_o great_a coldness_n observe_v in_o the_o place_n seat_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o line_n as_o on_o this_o side_n of_o it_o the_o like_a cause_n may_v much_o vary_v the_o coldness_n of_o differ_v place_n of_o equal_a latitude_n as_o we_o be_v now_o go_v to_o show_v by_o the_o follow_a testimony_n 1._o how_o excessive_a a_o cold_a reign_n at_o musco_n and_o thereabouts_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o many_o man_n lose_v their_o nose_n or_o their_o toe_n and_o some_o their_o life_n by_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a we_o have_v several_a time_n occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o this_o treatise_n and_o yet_o at_o edinburgh_n which_o i_o find_v some_o of_o our_o modern_a navigator_n to_o place_v more_o northerly_a by_o above_o a_o degree_n there_o i_o say_v and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n the_o air_n be_v know_v to_o be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o cold_a very_o tolerable_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o snow_n very_o rare_o lie_v any_o long_a time_n on_o the_o ground_n after_o it_o be_v fall_v 2._o in_o the_o voyage_n make_v for_o discovery_n northward_o by_o mr._n poole_n in_o the_o year_n 1610._o i_o find_v this_o passage_n i_o be_v 702._o certify_v that_o all_o the_o pond_n and_o lake_n be_v unfrozen_a they_o be_v fresh_a water_n which_o put_v i_o in_o hope_n of_o a_o mild_a summer_n here_o after_o so_o sharp_a a_o beginning_n as_o i_o have_v have_v and_o my_o opinion_n be_v such_o and_o i_o assure_v myself_o it_o be_v so_o that_o a_o passage_n may_v be_v as_o soon_o attain_v this_o way_n by_o the_o pole_n as_o any_o unknown_a way_n whatsoever_o by_o reason_n the_o sun_n do_v give_v a_o great_a heat_n in_o this_o climate_n and_o the_o ice_n near_o the_o 79._o degree_n i_o mean_v that_o that_o freeze_v here_o be_v nothing_o so_o huge_a as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o 73._o degree_n to_o this_o agree_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o first_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n in_o which_o the_o writer_n of_o it_o gerat_fw-la de_fw-la veer_v speak_v thus_o we_o have_v 474._o assure_o find_v that_o the_o only_a and_o most_o hindrance_n to_o our_o voyage_n be_v the_o ice_n that_o we_o find_v about_o nova_n zembla_n under_o 73_o 74_o 75_o and_o 76._o degree_n and_o not_o so_o much_o upon_o the_o sea_n between_o both_o the_o land_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o not_o the_o nearness_n of_o 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beget_v some_o diffidence_n in_o wary_a man_n they_o will_v not_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o title_n of_o this_o section_n and_o most_o of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v place_v here_o must_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o extreme_a degree_n of_o cold_a that_o i_o can_v in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n of_o we_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o by_o my_o own_o trial_n so_o that_o all_o i_o can_v do_v be_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o relation_n as_o be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o deliver_v by_o the_o relator_n as_o upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n and_o even_o this_o may_v perchance_o not_o only_o gratify_v and_o excite_v the_o curiosity_n of_o some_o who_o be_v please_v with_o no_o thing_n so_o much_o as_o with_o those_o that_o have_v somewhat_o in_o they_o of_o prodigy_n and_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a their_o narrative_n may_v afford_v the_o ingenious_a such_o strange_a phaenomena_n that_o the_o explication_n of_o they_o may_v serve_v both_o to_o exercise_v their_o wit_n and_o try_v their_o hypothesis_n 2._o it_o seem_v not_o necessary_a in_o the_o marshal_n these_o observation_n to_o be_v scrupulous_a about_o method_n but_o yet_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o shall_v first_o mention_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a as_o to_o those_o four_o great_a body_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sublunary_a world_n we_o live_v in_o that_o be_v common_o repute_v element_n and_o thence_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o some_o other_o inanimate_a body_n and_o for_o a_o instance_n of_o its_o operation_n on_o live_a creature_n upon_o man_n 3._o of_o the_o power_n of_o cold_a either_o to_o straiten_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o fire_n or_o to_o hinder_v its_o wont_a effect_n the_o chief_a example_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o be_v record_v partly_o by_o the_o dutch_a in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o partly_o by_o captain_n james_n when_o he_o winter_v in_o charleton_n island_n these_o hollander_n in_o one_o place_n speak_v thus_o the_o twenty_o it_o be_v fair_a and_o still_a weather_n the_o wind_n easterly_n than_o 495._o we_o wash_v our_o sheet_n but_o it_o be_v so_o cold_a that_o when_o we_o have_v wash_v and_o wring_v they_o they_o present_o freeze_v so_o stiff_a that_o although_o we_o lay_v they_o by_o a_o great_a fire_n the_o side_n that_o lay_v next_o the_o fire_n thaw_v but_o the_o other_o side_n be_v hard_o freeze_v etc._n etc._n elsewhere_o thus_o we_o be_v in_o great_a fear_n that_o if_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a grow_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o we_o shall_v all_o die_v there_o with_o cold_a for_o what_o fire_n soever_o we_o make_v it_o will_v not_o warm_v we_o and_o because_o it_o be_v tedious_a to_o transcribe_v all_o that_o their_o journal_o afford_v we_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n we_o will_v conclude_v with_o this_o passage_n hereby_o we_o be_v so_o fast_o shut_v up_o into_o the_o house_n as_o if_o we_o have_v be_v prisoner_n and_o it_o be_v so_o extreme_a cold_n that_o the_o fire_n almost_o cast_v no_o heat_n for_o as_o we_o put_v our_o foot_n to_o the_o fire_n we_o burn_v our_o hose_n before_o we_o can_v feel_v the_o heat_n so_o that_o we_o have_v work_n enough_o to_o do_v to_o patch_v our_o hose_n and_o which_o be_v more_o if_o we_o have_v not_o soon_o smell_v than_o feel_v they_o we_o shall_v have_v burn_v they_o ere_o we_o have_v know_v it_o though_o captain_n james_n winter_v in_o a_o country_n many_o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n than_o nova_n zembla_n yet_o in_o one_o place_n he_o give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o the_o cold_n power_n to_o restrain_v or_o oppose_v the_o action_n of_o fire_n the_o cook_n tub_n wherein_o he_o do_v water_v 65._o his_o meat_n stand_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o fire_n and_o which_o he_o do_v all_o day_n ply_v with_o melt_a snow_n water_n yet_o in_o the_o night_n season_n while_o he_o sleep_v but_o one_o watch_n will_v they_o be_v firm_a freeze_a to_o the_o very_a bottom_n and_o therefore_o be_v he_o fain_o to_o water_v his_o meat_n in_o a_o brass_n kettle_n close_o adjoin_v to_o the_o fire_n and_o i_o have_v many_o time_n both_o see_v and_o feel_v by_o put_v my_o hand_n into_o it_o that_o side_n which_o be_v next_o the_o fire_n be_v very_o warm_a and_o the_o other_o a_o inch_n freeze_v i_o leave_v the_o rest_n to_o our_o cook_n who_o will_v almost_o speak_v miracle_n of_o the_o cold._n 3._o thus_o far_o our_o enlish_a navigator_n who_o relation_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o the_o hollander_n make_v i_o not_o so_o much_o wonder_n as_o i_o once_o do_v that_o man_n shall_v relate_v to_o marcus_n polus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a plain_n in_o tartary_n situate_v between_o some_o of_o the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n where_o if_o fire_n 74._o be_v kindle_v it_o be_v not_o so_o bright_a nor_o so_o effectual_a to_o boil_v any_o thing_n as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o so_o purchase_n render_v that_o passage_n whence_o occasion_n have_v be_v take_v to_o impute_v to_o marcus_n polus_n a_o writer_n not_o always_o half_o so_o fabulous_a as_o many_o think_v he_o that_o he_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o country_n in_o tartary_n where_o fire_n can_v not_o be_v kindle_v 4._o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o new_o mention_v relation_n of_o seaman_n and_o traveller_n though_o to_o we_o that_o live_v in_o england_n they_o can_v but_o seem_v very_o strange_a yet_o i_o be_o keep_v from_o reject_v they_o as_o utter_o incredible_a by_o consider_v that_o ice_n and_o snow_n have_v before_o their_o congelation_n be_v water_n must_v in_o probability_n owe_v their_o coldness_n to_o that_o which_o reign_v in_o the_o air_n so_o that_o if_o in_o any_o place_n nature_n have_v either_o so_o plentiful_o stock_v the_o air_n itself_o with_o frigorisick_n exspiration_n or_o other_o corpuscle_n if_o we_o will_v admit_v any_o such_o or_o have_v upon_o any_o other_o account_n render_v it_o as_o cold_a as_o it_o can_v make_v ice_n and_o snow_n to_o be_v even_o here_o among_o we_o i_o know_v not_o why_o the_o northerness_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o perhaps_o some_o saline_a expiration_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n may_v not_o there_o diffuse_v through_o the_o air_n a_o cold_a superior_a to_o that_o which_o by_o small_a quantity_n of_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o salt_n can_v at_o a_o small_a distance_n be_v produce_v here_o and_o this_o cold_a be_v so_o intense_a that_o by_o pour_v some_o water_n on_o a_o joynt-stool_n and_o place_v on_o it_o a_o silver_n tankard_n or_o other_o convenient_a vessel_n we_o may_v as_o experience_n have_v assure_v i_o with_o beat_a ice_n or_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v add_v to_o hasten_v the_o solution_n of_o the_o other_o nimble_o stir_v together_o in_o the_o pot_n make_v the_o mixture_n freeze_v the_o external_a water_n quite_o through_o the_o tankard_n and_o they_o may_v be_v by_o this_o way_n so_o hard_o freeze_v together_o as_o that_o by_o lift_v up_o the_o pot_n you_o may_v lift_v up_o the_o joynt-stool_n too_o and_o that_o which_o be_v the_o circumstance_n for_o which_o i_o mention_v this_o just_a by_o the_o fire_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v unable_a to_o hinder_v so_o difficult_a a_o operation_n of_o the_o cold._n 5._o thus_o much_o of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a in_o reference_n to_o fire_n what_o the_o same_o quality_n may_v perform_v upon_o air_n we_o shall_v say_v but_o little_a of_o in_o this_o place_n because_o we_o treat_v of_o those_o phaenomena_n partly_o in_o the_o forego_n section_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o partly_o in_o other_o place_n only_o we_o shall_v not_o here_o pretermit_v a_o testimony_n of_o the_o learned_a olearius_n who_o as_o a_o eye_n witness_n confirm_v what_o we_o elsewhere_o deliver_v of_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o which_o the_o air_n may_v be_v bring_v for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o muscovy_n he_o experimental_o find_v that_o 117_o which_o other_o leave_v record_v in_o their_o write_n that_o one_o spittle_n will_v be_v congeal_v before_o it_o reach_v the_o ground_n and_o that_o water_n will_v freeze_v as_o it_o be_v drop_v down_o 6._o of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o water_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o say_v much_o in_o this_o place_n since_o the_o two_o notable_a of_o they_o be_v the_o power_n cold_a have_v to_o congeal_v water_n sudden_o and_o the_o force_n it_o have_v to_o turn_v vast_a quantity_n of_o it_o into_o solid_a ice_n of_o the_o former_a i_o have_v new_o give_v out_o of_o olearius_n a_o example_n as_o eminent_a as_o almost_o any_o that_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o and_o of_o the_o latter_a also_o i_o have_v give_v several_a instance_n in_o the_o section_n
shall_v have_v make_v more_o trial_n at_o least_o if_o not_o also_o more_o satisfactory_a one_o if_o i_o can_v have_v have_v fish_n and_o vessel_n and_o cold_a weather_n at_o command_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n though_o the_o tradition_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v may_v perhaps_o have_v some_o thing_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o deserve_v to_o be_v further_o inquire_v into_o both_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o death_n of_o fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n and_o river_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o cause_n whereto_o that_o effect_n be_v impute_v i_o meet_v with_o a_o odd_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v circumstantial_o enough_o set_v down_o may_v prove_v of_o moment_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o build_v any_o thing_n on_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v not_o omit_v it_o the_o 82._o nine_o say_v he_o we_o hoist_v out_o our_o beer_n and_o cydar_n and_o make_v a_o raft_n of_o it_o fasten_v it_o to_o our_o shore-anchor_n the_o beer_n and_o cydar_n sink_v present_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v nothing_o strange_a to_o we_o for_o that_o any_o wood_n or_o pipe-stave_n that_o have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o winter_n will_v also_o sink_v down_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v heave_v over_o board_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n i_o forget_v through_o haste_n to_o add_v a_o relation_n of_o capt._n james_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o wine_n abound_v with_o very_o spirituous_a and_o nimble_a part_n whence_o it_o resist_v congelation_n far_o more_o than_o water_n yet_o if_o even_o this_o liquor_n come_v once_o to_o be_v congeal_v the_o ice_n make_v of_o it_o may_v be_v very_o durable_a for_o he_o set_v down_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o ship_n again_o he_o find_v a_o but_o of_o wine_n that_o have_v be_v all_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o upper_a deck_n to_o continue_v as_o yet_o all_o firm_a freeze_a though_o 47._o it_o be_v then_o the_o month_n of_o may._n when_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a proportion_n in_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v aground_o instead_o of_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n mention_v by_o gerard_n de_fw-fr veer_v to_o be_v 52._o fathom_n deep_a the_o passage_n that_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v be_v this_o other_o hard_a by_o which_o contain_v two_o example_n of_o tower_n of_o ice_n where_o the_o extant_a part_n reach_v upward_o more_o than_o half_a as_o much_o as_o the_o immersed_a part_n reach_v downward_o we_o see_v say_v he_o another_o 487_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n not_o far_o from_o we_o lie_v fast_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v as_o sharp_a above_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tower_n whereunto_o we_o row_v and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n we_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 20._o fathom_n fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 12._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n we_o row_v to_o another_o piece_n of_o ice_n and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n and_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 18._o fathom_n deep_a fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 10._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n that_o snow_n lie_v long_o and_o too_o long_o on_o the_o ground_n do_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o fertilize_n of_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n of_o our_o husbandman_n and_o bartholinus_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o use_n of_o snow_n bring_v several_a passage_n out_o of_o author_n to_o make_v it_o good_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o learned_a english_a ambassador_n dr._n fletcher_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o hasty_a growth_n of_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o great_a empire_n of_o russia_n give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o this_o fresh_a and_o speedy_a growth_n of_o the_o 415._o spring_n there_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n time_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandymold_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o we_o make_v some_o trial_n to_o discover_v whether_o congelation_n will_v destroy_v or_o considerable_o alter_v the_o odour_n of_o body_n so_o we_o have_v the_o like_a curiosity_n in_o reference_n to_o divers_a other_o quality_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v repute_v manifest_a as_o colour_n and_o taste_v the_o latter_a of_o which_o we_o sometime_o find_v to_o be_v notable_o change_v for_o the_o worse_a in_o 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no_o better_a success_n than_o i_o have_v have_v before_o so_o that_o the_o argument_n may_v be_v plausible_o enough_o retort_v upon_o they_o that_o urge_v it_o 19_o and_o in_o case_n the_o trial_n shall_v succeed_v sometime_o or_o other_o for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o ordinary_o i_o have_v show_v already_o yet_o will_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o derive_v the_o effect_n from_o antiperistasis_n for_o though_o in_o such_o case_n the_o fire_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n by_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n yet_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v but_o remote_o and_o by_o accident_n cause_v the_o production_n of_o ice_n since_o other_o agent_n will_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v qualify_v to_o make_v a_o quick_a dissolution_n of_o the_o snow_n whether_o they_o be_v hot_a or_o no_o as_o i_o have_v try_v that_o spirit_n and_o crude_a salt_n of_o nitre_n will_v either_o of_o they_o by_o a_o due_a application_n bring_v snow_n 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build_v upon_o the_o groundless_a supposition_n of_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n a_o figment_n which_o many_o of_o themselves_o do_v daily_o grow_v ashamed_a of_o as_o indeed_o its_o existence_n be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o reason_n as_o perceive_v by_o sense_n 22._o the_o other_o argument_n for_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v that_o fiery_a meteor_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o not_o now_o to_o question_v whether_o all_o meteor_n that_o shine_v and_o therefore_o pass_v for_o fiery_a be_v real_o kindle_v exhalation_n we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o in_o winter_n those_o fire_n that_o be_v call_v either_o helena_n or_o castor_n and_o pollux_n be_v generate_v in_o great_a storm_n and_o hang_v about_o the_o sail_n and_o shroud_n of_o ship_n nay_o do_v not_o we_o much_o more_o frequent_o see_v that_o lightning_n be_v produce_v at_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o in_o warm_a country_n thousand_o 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and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o candle_n though_o she_o have_v so_o confident_o think_v it_o one_o that_o she_o call_v out_o to_o the_o party_n she_o presume_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v by_o i_o will_v leave_v themistius_n to_o unriddle_v how_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n can_v kindle_v a_o fiery_a meteor_n by_o its_o coldness_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n congeal_v the_o fall_a drop_n of_o water_n into_o ice_n by_o its_o warmth_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o other_o observation_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n have_v be_v often_o make_v though_o perhaps_o seldom_o record_v for_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o week_n of_o the_o storm_n some_o servant_n of_o i_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o hail_v two_o or_o three_o time_n beside_o that_o already_o mention_v 27._o next_o if_o aristotle_n have_v right_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o hail_n it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a it_o shall_v not_o fall_v far_o more_o frequent_o in_o summer_n 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great_a grain_n of_o hail_n that_o beside_o a_o hard_a transparent_a icy_a shell_n there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o snowy_a pith_n of_o a_o soft_a and_o white_a substance_n and_o this_o snowy_a part_n be_v most_o common_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o icy_a which_o make_v i_o call_v it_o pith_n but_o sometime_o otherwise_o and_o last_o whereas_o the_o favourer_n of_o antiperistasis_n will_v have_v the_o drop_n of_o rain_n in_o their_o descent_n to_o be_v congeal_v apart_o in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n not_o to_o urge_v how_o little_a the_o irregular_a and_o angular_a figure_n we_o often_o meet_v with_o in_o hail_n do_v countenance_v this_o doctrine_n hail_o often_o fall_v in_o grain_n too_o great_a by_o odds_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o aristotle_n conceit_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o grain_n of_o hail_n i_o have_v observe_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o a_o bigness_n unsuitable_a to_o this_o opinion_n divers_a learned_a eye-witness_n have_v inform_v i_o of_o their_o have_v observe_v much_o great_a than_o those_o i_o have_v do_v and_o particular_o a_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n affirm_v both_o to_o i_o and_o to_o a_o assembly_n of_o virtuoso_n that_o he_o have_v some_o year_n ago_o at_o lion_n in_o france_n observe_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n many_o of_o who_o grain_n be_v as_o big_a as_o ordinary_a tennis-ball_n and_o which_o do_v the_o window_n and_o tile_n a_o mischief_n answerable_a to_o that_o unusual_a bulk_n and_o bartholinus_n affirm_v that_o he_o himself_o observe_v in_o another_o shower_n of_o hail_n grain_n of_o a_o more_o unwonted_a size_n a_o single_a grain_n weigh_v no_o less_o than_o a_o whole_a pound_n but_o though_o this_o itself_o be_v little_a in_o comparison_n of_o what_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v somewhere_o meet_v with_o in_o learned_a author_n yet_o it_o may_v abundant_o suffice_v to_o disprove_v the_o vulgar_a conceit_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o hail_n till_o we_o meet_v in_o these_o country_n with_o shower_n of_o rain_n who_o single_a drop_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o bigness_n which_o i_o presume_v those_o that_o ascribe_v hail_n to_o antiperistasis_n will_v not_o easy_o show_v we_o 28._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o last_o and_o indeed_o the_o chief_a example_n that_o be_v give_v of_o antiperistasis_n namely_o the_o coldness_n of_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a vault_n in_o summer_n and_o their_o heat_n in_o winter_n and_o as_o the_o argument_n wont_a to_o be_v draw_v from_o hence_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n i_o will_v examine_v each_o of_o they_o by_o its_o self_n 29._o and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o refresh_a coldness_n that_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v wont_a to_o afford_v we_o in_o summer_n i_o both_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v then_o cold_a than_o in_o winter_n and_o i_o say_v that_o though_o they_o be_v that_o coldness_n will_v not_o necessary_o infer_v a_o antiperistasis_n 30._o we_o must_v consider_v then_o that_o in_o summer_n our_o body_n have_v for_o many_o day_n if_o not_o some_o week_n or_o perhaps_o month_n be_v constant_o environ_v with_o a_o air_n which_o at_o that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v much_o hot_a then_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o in_o other_o season_n our_o sense_n may_v easy_o impose_v upon_o we_o and_o we_o may_v be_v much_o mistake_v by_o conclude_v upon_o their_o testimony_n that_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n we_o then_o find_v so_o cool_a be_v real_o cold_a than_o it_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o at_o the_o spring_n as_o they_o that_o come_v out_o of_o hot_a bath_n think_v the_o air_n of_o the_o adjoin_a room_n very_o fresh_a and_o cool_v which_o they_o find_v to_o be_v very_o warm_a when_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n they_o go_v through_o those_o warm_a room_n to_o the_o bath_n and_o the_o deepness_n and_o retiredness_n of_o these_o subterraneal_a cave_n keep_v the_o air_n they_o harbour_v from_o be_v any_o thing_n near_o so_o much_o affect_v with_o the_o change_n 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ready_o diffuse_v in_o imperceptible_a particle_n through_o the_o air_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v upon_o the_o open_n of_o issue_n in_o some_o man_n arm_n that_o though_o no_o smoke_n be_v visible_a in_o summer_n it_o will_v be_v very_o conspicuous_a in_o exceed_v sharp_a weather_n though_o man_n arm_n at_o least_o the_o external_a part_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v less_o heat_n in_o frosty_a weather_n then_o in_o summer_n since_o in_o the_o former_a of_o those_o season_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v manifest_o more_o slender_a the_o fleshy_a part_n and_o juice_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air._n and_o though_o the_o insensible_a transpiration_n that_o continual_o exhale_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v visible_a here_o even_o in_o winter_n yet_o in_o extreme_o cold_a country_n as_o nova_n zembla_n or_o charleton_n island_n those_o effluvia_fw-la have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o to_o be_v thicken_v but_o to_o be_v 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that_o they_o be_v oftentimes_o trouble_v and_o sometime_o endanger_v by_o sudden_a damp_n which_o do_v frequent_o so_o stuff_v up_o and_o thicken_v the_o subterraneal_a air_n that_o they_o make_v it_o not_o only_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n but_o able_a to_o extinguish_v the_o lamp_n and_o candle_n that_o the_o miner_n use_v to_o give_v they_o light_n to_o work_v by_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v visit_v mine_n where_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o digger_n whether_o those_o hot_a exhalation_n that_o compose_v their_o damp_n do_v not_o sometime_o actual_o take_v fire_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o be_v answer_v that_o in_o some_o of_o their_o pit_n and_o particular_o in_o one_o that_o they_o show_v i_o though_o not_o in_o all_o they_o do_v insomuch_o that_o the_o exhalation_n sudden_o kindle_v will_v make_v a_o report_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pit_n like_o a_o musket_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n and_o the_o flame_n will_v actual_o burn_v off_o the_o hair_n and_o scorch_v the_o skin_n of_o 〈◊〉_d workman_n that_o do_v not_o seasonable_o get_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n when_o the_o exhalation_n appear_v to_o be_v near_o a_o ascension_n or_o do_v not_o nimble_o fall_v down_o flat_a with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o flame_n be_v go_v out_o and_o one_o of_o these_o workman_n that_o i_o ask_v affirm_v himself_o to_o have_v be_v several_a time_n to_o he_o no_o small_a trouble_n so_o burn_v and_o that_o if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o twice_o in_o one_o day_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o to_o morinus_n very_o probable_a that_o those_o great_a quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o storm_n and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o meteor_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o winter_n may_v rather_o consist_v of_o these_o subterraneal_a steam_n than_o the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n attract_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o at_o least_o may_v as_o much_o consist_v of_o the_o former_a as_o the_o latter_a 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air_n calm_a yet_o they_o conld_v assure_o foretell_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o storm_n or_o some_o other_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o air_n which_o will_v according_o ensue_v within_o no_o very_o long_a time_n aster_n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o narrative_a i_o shall_v add_v not_o only_o that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o what_o i_o late_o tell_v you_o be_v affirm_v to_o i_o by_o other_o mine-man_n but_o that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o very_a ingenious_a physician_n who_o live_v many_o year_n in_o cornwall_n a_o country_n you_o know_v famous_a for_o tin-mine_n some_o of_o which_o be_v infamous_a for_o the_o damp_n that_o infest_v they_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o experience_a fisherman_n assure_v he_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o do_v perceive_v
that_o which_o make_v main_o for_o my_o present_a purpose_n begin_v contrary_a to_o vulgar_a thaw_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o 50._o and_o have_v thus_o manifest_v that_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v send_v up_o great_a store_n of_o exhalation_n and_o vapour_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n it_o will_v be_v obvious_a to_o conceive_v that_o as_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n these_o steam_n get_v into_o the_o air_n either_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o find_v vent_n such_o as_o those_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v or_o by_o grow_v copious_a enough_o to_o force_v themselves_o a_o passage_n so_o in_o most_o other_o place_n where_o the_o ascend_a steam_n find_v no_o commodious_a vent_n or_o be_v too_o faint_o drive_v up_o to_o gain_v themselves_o a_o passage_n they_o must_v be_v repress_v or_o detain_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v its_o pore_n in_o winter_n usual_o choke_v up_o with_o snow_n or_o rain_n or_o its_o 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