quality_n there_o will_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_o who_o account_n particular_a body_n must_v be_v cold_a since_o to_o make_v this_o or_o that_o body_n so_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n or_o some_o other_o agent_n whatever_o it_o be_v that_o agitate_a more_o vehement_o its_o part_n before_o do_v now_o either_o cease_v to_o agitate_v they_o or_o agitate_v they_o but_o very_o remissly_a so_o that_o till_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o can_v be_v a_o positive_a quality_n or_o but_o a_o privative_a it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o contend_v what_o particular_a body_n ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n above_o specify_v 4._o second_o though_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v not_o only_o by_o the_o school_n but_o by_o their_o adversary_n the_o chemist_n that_o heat_n and_o moisture_n dryness_n and_o gravity_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o other_o quality_n must_v have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o principal_a subject_n to_o reside_v in_o upon_o who_o account_n and_o by_o participation_n of_o which_o that_o quality_n belong_v to_o the_o other_o body_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o though_o this_o be_v so_o i_o say_v yet_o we_o have_v chemist_n elsewhere_o full_o enough_o manifest_v that_o this_o fundamental_a notion_n upon_o which_o much_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o quality_n be_v both_o by_o aristotelian_o and_o vulgar_a chemist_n superstruct_v be_v but_o a_o unwarrantable_a conceit_n and_o therefore_o not_o sufficient_a for_o a_o wary_a naturalist_n to_o build_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_z there_o be_v indeed_o many_o quality_n as_o gravity_n and_o figure_n and_o motion_n and_o colour_n and_o sound_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o no_o true_a and_o genuine_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d can_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v ever_o yet_o discover_v be_v assign_v and_o because_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o diametrical_o opposite_a quality_n we_o may_v consider_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o heat_n since_o stone_n and_o metal_n and_o plant_n and_o animal_n and_o very_o few_o except_v all_o consistent_a body_n we_o be_v conversant_a with_o may_v by_o motion_n be_v bring_v to_o heat_n which_o to_o attribute_v to_o the_o participation_n of_o some_o portion_n or_o other_o of_o the_o imaginary_a element_n of_o fire_n be_v not_o only_o precarious_a be_v affirm_v by_o many_o and_o flame_n prove_v by_o none_o but_o erroneous_a or_o at_o least_o needless_a as_o we_o have_v more_o at_o large_a declare_v in_o other_o paper_n 5._o a_o three_o thing_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o question_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v that_o among_o those_o body_n that_o the_o chief_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n whether_o ancient_n or_o modern_a have_v pitch_v upon_o there_o be_v not_o any_o that_o seem_v clear_o to_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o to_o make_v this_o appear_v we_o must_v distinct_o though_o as_o brief_o as_o our_o design_n will_v permit_v consider_v those_o four_o several_a body_n which_o we_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o section_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o stand_v in_o competition_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n for_o the_o title_n of_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 6._o first_o than_o plutarch_n and_o other_o contend_v that_o it_o be_v the_o earth_n but_o to_o omit_v other_o argument_n we_o see_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v freeze_v not_o by_o its_o own_o cold_a but_o by_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v be_v argue_v by_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o congeal_a cold_a even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n affect_v but_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o border_n on_o the_o air_n and_o seldom_o pierce_v above_o a_o few_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o yard_n beneath_o that_o part_n wherein_o the_o earth_n be_v expose_v and_o immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v concern_v the_o small_a depth_n to_o which_o frost_n reach_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v protect_v from_o the_o air_n though_o by_o so_o cold_a a_o body_n as_o water_n it_o may_v be_v keep_v unfrozen_a all_o the_o winter_n long_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o that_o remarkable_a practice_n in_o the_o great_a salt-marsh_n of_o the_o french_a island_n of_o xaintonge_n where_o as_o a_o diligent_a writer_n of_o that_o country_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o french_a salt_n inform_v we_o when_o once_o the_o season_n of_o coagulate_a salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v quite_o past_a the_o owner_n be_v careful_a by_o open_v certain_a sluice_n to_o overflow_v all_o the_o bank_n and_o dam_n that_o make_v and_o divide_v the_o salt-pond_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o workman_n to_o pass_v to_o commum_fw-la and_o fro_o for_o say_v my_o author_n in_o his_o own_o language_n if_o they_o leave_v those_o marsh_n or_o salt-work_n uncovered_v the_o frost_n will_v make_v such_o havoc_n among_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v they_o up_o again_o every_o year_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o water_n they_o be_v preserve_v or_o keep_v in_o repair_n from_o year_n to_o year_n which_o practise_v i_o the_o rather_o mention_v because_o the_o hint_n it_o afford_v as_o it_o be_v considerable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n so_o it_o may_v on_o some_o occasion_n be_v applicable_a to_o practice_n useful_a to_o humane_a society_n 7._o beside_o the_o earth_n be_v according_a to_o those_o we_o reason_n with_o the_o cold_a heavy_a and_o solid_a of_o element_n it_o be_v not_o so_o probable_a as_o to_o excuse_v they_o from_o the_o need_n of_o prove_v it_o that_o those_o excessive_o cold_a agent_n that_o freeze_v the_o cloud_n into_o snow_n and_o hail_n shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d exhalation_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n especial_o since_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o agent_n either_o hard_a to_o be_v guess_v at_o or_o considerable_o hot_a and_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o if_o elementary_a corpuscle_n steam_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o congeal_a cold_a where_o they_o be_v disunite_v and_o but_o intersperse_v among_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n the_o mass_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o whence_o those_o exhalation_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v shall_v not_o be_v able_a also_o to_o congeal_v water_n since_o the_o terrestrial_a corpuscle_n be_v more_o thick_o set_v and_o unite_v in_o a_o clod_n of_o earth_n then_o in_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o seem_v that_o where_o the_o frigorifick_a matter_n be_v more_o dense_a the_o cold_a shall_v be_v more_o vehement_a as_o philosopher_n observe_v that_o heat_n be_v more_o intense_a in_o a_o glow_a bar_n of_o iron_n than_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o kindle_a straw_n 8._o but_o not_o to_o repeat_v what_o we_o former_o mention_v about_o cold_n be_v a_o privation_n there_o be_v another_o argument_n against_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n which_o break_v forth_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o aetna_n vesuvius_n hecla_n the_o pico_n of_o tenariffe_n etc._n etc._n seem_v to_o argue_v a_o subterraneal_a fire_n upon_o who_o existence_n not_o only_o many_o chemist_n build_v great_a matter_n but_o even_o divers_a philosopher_n have_v adopt_v it_o and_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la himself_n seem_v so_o far_o to_o countenance_v it_o as_o to_o employ_v it_o as_o one_o argument_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o neither_o hot_a nor_o cold_a the_o mention_n of_o this_o subterraneal_a fire_n bring_v into_o my_o mind_n some_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o good_a though_o not_o classic_a author_n and_o among_o man_n that_o have_v be_v either_o digger_n of_o or_o conversant_a in_o mine_n not_o improper_a to_o be_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n about_o the_o central_n fire_n either_o of_o the_o chemist_n or_o cartesian_o and_o though_o the_o example_n new_o mention_v and_o such_o other_o seem_v to_o i_o but_o very_o inconsiderable_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o whole_a earth_n yet_o it_o be_v observable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o subterraneal_a heat_n or_o warmth_n at_o least_o general_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o for_o even_o where_o there_o appear_v no_o manifest_a sign_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n i_o have_v know_v those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o deep_a mine_n complain_v that_o a_o very_a
and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o candle_n though_o she_o have_v so_o confident_o think_v it_o one_o that_o she_o call_v out_o to_o the_o party_n she_o presume_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v by_o i_o will_v leave_v themistius_n to_o unriddle_v how_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n can_v kindle_v a_o fiery_a meteor_n by_o its_o coldness_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n congeal_v the_o fall_a drop_n of_o water_n into_o ice_n by_o its_o warmth_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o other_o observation_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n have_v be_v often_o make_v though_o perhaps_o seldom_o record_v for_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o week_n of_o the_o storm_n some_o servant_n of_o i_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o hail_v two_o or_o three_o time_n beside_o that_o already_o mention_v 27._o next_o if_o aristotle_n have_v right_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o hail_n it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a it_o shall_v not_o fall_v far_o more_o frequent_o in_o summer_n and_o especial_o in_o hot_a climate_n than_o it_o do_v consider_v how_o often_o in_o all_o probability_n the_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v cold_a out_o of_o the_o second_o region_n into_o the_o warm_a air_n of_o the_o first_o and_o more_o strange_a it_o be_v that_o even_o in_o those_o part_n of_o egypt_n where_o it_o rain_v frequent_o enough_o and_o plentiful_o for_o so_o prosper_n alpinus_n that_o live_v long_o there_o assure_v we_o it_o do_v though_o not_o about_o grand_a cairo_n yet_o about_o alexandria_n and_o 〈◊〉_d sium_fw-la it_o shall_v never_o hail_v no_o more_o than_o snow_n as_o the_o same_o learned_a physician_n a_o witness_n above_o exception_n affirm_v beside_o whereas_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o snow_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o hail_n always_o in_o the_o low_a my_o own_o observation_n have_v afford_v i_o many_o instance_n that_o seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o tradition_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o great_a grain_n of_o hail_n that_o beside_o a_o hard_a transparent_a icy_a shell_n there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o snowy_a pith_n of_o a_o soft_a and_o white_a substance_n and_o this_o snowy_a part_n be_v most_o common_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o icy_a which_o make_v i_o call_v it_o pith_n but_o sometime_o otherwise_o and_o last_o whereas_o the_o favourer_n of_o antiperistasis_n will_v have_v the_o drop_n of_o rain_n in_o their_o descent_n to_o be_v congeal_v apart_o in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n not_o to_o urge_v how_o little_a the_o irregular_a and_o angular_a figure_n we_o often_o meet_v with_o in_o hail_n do_v countenance_v this_o doctrine_n hail_o often_o fall_v in_o grain_n too_o great_a by_o odds_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o aristotle_n conceit_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o grain_n of_o hail_n i_o have_v observe_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o a_o bigness_n unsuitable_a to_o this_o opinion_n divers_a learned_a eye-witness_n have_v inform_v i_o of_o their_o have_v observe_v much_o great_a than_o those_o i_o have_v do_v and_o particular_o a_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n affirm_v both_o to_o i_o and_o to_o a_o assembly_n of_o virtuoso_n that_o he_o have_v some_o year_n ago_o at_o lion_n in_o france_n observe_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n many_o of_o who_o grain_n be_v as_o big_a as_o ordinary_a tennis-ball_n and_o which_o do_v the_o window_n and_o tile_n a_o mischief_n answerable_a to_o that_o unusual_a bulk_n and_o bartholinus_n affirm_v that_o he_o himself_o observe_v in_o another_o shower_n of_o hail_n grain_n of_o a_o more_o unwonted_a size_n a_o single_a grain_n weigh_v no_o less_o than_o a_o whole_a pound_n but_o though_o this_o itself_o be_v little_a in_o comparison_n of_o what_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v somewhere_o meet_v with_o in_o learned_a author_n yet_o it_o may_v abundant_o suffice_v to_o disprove_v the_o vulgar_a conceit_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o hail_n till_o we_o meet_v in_o these_o country_n with_o shower_n of_o rain_n who_o single_a drop_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o bigness_n which_o i_o presume_v those_o that_o ascribe_v hail_n to_o antiperistasis_n will_v not_o easy_o show_v we_o 28._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o last_o and_o indeed_o the_o chief_a example_n that_o be_v give_v of_o antiperistasis_n namely_o the_o coldness_n of_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a vault_n in_o summer_n and_o their_o heat_n in_o winter_n and_o as_o the_o argument_n wont_a to_o be_v draw_v from_o hence_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n i_o will_v examine_v each_o of_o they_o by_o its_o self_n 29._o and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o refresh_a coldness_n that_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v wont_a to_o afford_v we_o in_o summer_n i_o both_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v then_o cold_a than_o in_o winter_n and_o i_o say_v that_o though_o they_o be_v that_o coldness_n will_v not_o necessary_o infer_v a_o antiperistasis_n 30._o we_o must_v consider_v then_o that_o in_o summer_n our_o body_n have_v for_o many_o day_n if_o not_o some_o week_n or_o perhaps_o month_n be_v constant_o environ_v with_o a_o air_n which_o at_o that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v much_o hot_a then_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o in_o other_o season_n our_o sense_n may_v easy_o impose_v upon_o we_o and_o we_o may_v be_v much_o mistake_v by_o conclude_v upon_o their_o testimony_n that_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n we_o then_o find_v so_o cool_a be_v real_o cold_a than_o it_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o at_o the_o spring_n as_o they_o that_o come_v out_o of_o hot_a bath_n think_v the_o air_n of_o the_o adjoin_a room_n very_o fresh_a and_o cool_v which_o they_o find_v to_o be_v very_o warm_a when_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n they_o go_v through_o those_o warm_a room_n to_o the_o bath_n and_o the_o deepness_n and_o retiredness_n of_o these_o subterraneal_a cave_n keep_v the_o air_n they_o harbour_v from_o be_v any_o thing_n near_o so_o much_o affect_v with_o the_o change_n of_o the_o season_n as_o the_o outward_a air_n that_o be_v free_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n warm_v beam_n which_o pierce_v with_o any_o sensible_a force_n so_o little_a a_o way_n into_o the_o ground_n that_o digger_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o observe_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v dry_v and_o discolour_a by_o they_o beyond_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o very_a few_o foot_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o in_o very_o shallow_a mine_n not_o exceed_v six_o or_o seven_o yard_n in_o depth_n though_o the_o mouth_n be_v wide_a and_o the_o descent_n perpendicular_a enough_o the_o air_n be_v cool_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n so_o that_o the_o free_a air_n and_o our_o body_n that_o be_v always_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v much_o warm_a in_o summer_n then_o at_o other_o time_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o remoteness_n from_o those_o cause_n of_o alteration_n continue_v still_o the_o same_o or_o but_o very_o little_o change_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n there_o shall_v appear_v a_o difference_n as_o to_o sense_n when_o our_o body_n pass_v from_o one_o of_o they_o to_o another_o 31._o and_o suppose_v but_o not_o yield_v that_o the_o air_n of_o cellar_n and_o vault_n be_v real_o cold_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n that_o be_v be_v discover_v to_o have_v a_o great_a coldness_n not_o only_o as_o to_o our_o sense_n of_o feeling_n but_o as_o to_o weather-glass_n yet_o why_o shall_v we_o for_o all_o that_o have_v recourse_n for_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o difficulty_n to_o a_o antiperistasis_n which_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a to_o understand_v then_o to_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n which_o seem_v in_o short_a to_o be_v this_o that_o whereas_o which_o i_o shall_v soon_o have_v occasion_n to_o manifest_v there_o be_v warm_a exhalation_n that_o in_o all_o season_n be_v plentiful_o send_v up_o by_o the_o subterraneal_a heat_n from_o the_o low_a to_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o steam_n that_o in_o winter_n be_v in_o great_a part_n repress_v or_o check_v in_o their_o ascent_n by_o the_o cold_a frost_n or_o snow_n that_o constipate_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o choke_v up_o its_o pore_n these_o exhalation_n i_o say_v that_o be_v detain_v in_o the_o ground_n will_v temper_v the_o native_a coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o consequent_o that_o of_o spring_n and_o of_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n that_o reign_v in_o the_o outward_a air_n call_v out_o at_o the_o many_o pore_n and_o chink_n which_o that_o heat_n open_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n of_o deep_a spring_n and_o well_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n be_v deprive_v of_o that_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o allay_v their_o native_a or_o wont_a
shall_v have_v make_v more_o trial_n at_o least_o if_o not_o also_o more_o satisfactory_a one_o if_o i_o can_v have_v have_v fish_n and_o vessel_n and_o cold_a weather_n at_o command_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n though_o the_o tradition_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v may_v perhaps_o have_v some_o thing_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o deserve_v to_o be_v further_o inquire_v into_o both_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o death_n of_o fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n and_o river_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o cause_n whereto_o that_o effect_n be_v impute_v i_o meet_v with_o a_o odd_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v circumstantial_o enough_o set_v down_o may_v prove_v of_o moment_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o build_v any_o thing_n on_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v not_o omit_v it_o the_o 82._o nine_o say_v he_o we_o hoist_v out_o our_o beer_n and_o cydar_n and_o make_v a_o raft_n of_o it_o fasten_v it_o to_o our_o shore-anchor_n the_o beer_n and_o cydar_n sink_v present_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v nothing_o strange_a to_o we_o for_o that_o any_o wood_n or_o pipe-stave_n that_o have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o winter_n will_v also_o sink_v down_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v heave_v over_o board_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n i_o forget_v through_o haste_n to_o add_v a_o relation_n of_o capt._n james_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o wine_n abound_v with_o very_o spirituous_a and_o nimble_a part_n whence_o it_o resist_v congelation_n far_o more_o than_o water_n yet_o if_o even_o this_o liquor_n come_v once_o to_o be_v congeal_v the_o ice_n make_v of_o it_o may_v be_v very_o durable_a for_o he_o set_v down_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o ship_n again_o he_o find_v a_o but_o of_o wine_n that_o have_v be_v all_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o upper_a deck_n to_o continue_v as_o yet_o all_o firm_a freeze_a though_o 47._o it_o be_v then_o the_o month_n of_o may._n when_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a proportion_n in_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v aground_o instead_o of_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n mention_v by_o gerard_n de_fw-fr veer_v to_o be_v 52._o fathom_n deep_a the_o passage_n that_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v be_v this_o other_o hard_a by_o which_o contain_v two_o example_n of_o tower_n of_o ice_n where_o the_o extant_a part_n reach_v upward_o more_o than_o half_a as_o much_o as_o the_o immersed_a part_n reach_v downward_o we_o see_v say_v he_o another_o 487_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n not_o far_o from_o we_o lie_v fast_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v as_o sharp_a above_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tower_n whereunto_o we_o row_v and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n we_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 20._o fathom_n fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 12._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n we_o row_v to_o another_o piece_n of_o ice_n and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n and_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 18._o fathom_n deep_a fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n and_o 10._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n that_o snow_n lie_v long_o and_o too_o long_o on_o the_o ground_n do_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o fertilize_n of_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n of_o our_o husbandman_n and_o bartholinus_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o use_n of_o snow_n bring_v several_a passage_n out_o of_o author_n to_o make_v it_o good_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o learned_a english_a ambassador_n dr._n fletcher_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o hasty_a growth_n of_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o great_a empire_n of_o russia_n give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o this_o fresh_a and_o speedy_a growth_n of_o the_o 415._o spring_n there_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n time_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandymold_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o we_o make_v some_o trial_n to_o discover_v whether_o congelation_n will_v destroy_v or_o considerable_o alter_v the_o odour_n of_o body_n so_o we_o have_v the_o like_a curiosity_n in_o reference_n to_o divers_a other_o quality_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v repute_v manifest_a as_o colour_n and_o taste_v the_o latter_a of_o which_o we_o sometime_o find_v to_o be_v notable_o change_v for_o the_o worse_a in_o flesh_n congeal_v but_o also_o those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v occult_a and_o among_o the_o quality_n of_o this_o sort_n i_o have_v particular_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o purge_a faculty_n of_o cathartic_o will_v be_v advance_v or_o impair_v or_o destroy_v by_o congelation_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v expose_v thereunto_o divers_a purge_v liquor_n some_o of_o a_o more_o benign_a and_o some_o of_o a_o brisk_a nature_n and_o that_o in_o differ_v form_n as_o of_o syrup_n decoction_n infusion_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o want_v of_o opportunity_n to_o try_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n what_o change_v the_o cold_a have_v make_v in_o the_o purge_a liquor_n it_o have_v congeal_v i_o be_v unable_a to_o give_v myself_o a_o account_n of_o the_o success_n of_o such_o experiment_n only_o since_o in_o some_o of_o these_o trial_n i_o have_v a_o care_n to_o make_v use_n of_o cathartick_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o fermentation_n which_o way_n of_o prepare_v they_o be_v itself_o a_o thing_n i_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v prosecute_v i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o fermentation_n be_v so_o noble_a and_o important_a a_o subject_n that_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o it_o may_v deserve_v a_o particular_a inquiry_n and_o i_o be_o invite_v to_o think_v that_o that_o influence_n may_v be_v very_o considerable_a partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v upon_o a_o trial_n purposely_o make_v both_o that_o raisin_n and_o water_n with_o which_o i_o be_v use_v to_o make_v artificial_a wine_n do_v not_o in_o many_o day_n while_o the_o weather_n be_v very_o frosty_a so_o much_o as_o manifest_o begin_v to_o ferment_n though_o the_o water_n be_v keep_v fluid_a and_o partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v that_o beer_n will_v continue_v as_o it_o be_v new_a and_o be_v keep_v from_o be_v as_o they_o call_v it_o ready_a to_o drink_v much_o long_a than_o one_o will_v ready_o suspect_v if_o very_o frosty_a weather_n supervene_v before_o it_o have_v quite_o finish_v its_o fermentation_n insomuch_o that_o a_o experience_a person_n of_o who_o i_o afterward_o inquire_v about_o this_o matter_n assure_v i_o that_o beer_n not_o due_o ripe_a will_v not_o sometime_o in_o five_o or_o six_o week_n of_o very_o frosty_a weather_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v as_o ripe_a as_o in_o one_o week_n of_o warm_a and_o friendly_a weather_n but_o we_o have_v a_o noble_a instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o i_o learn_v from_o a_o intelligent_a frenchman_n who_o i_o consult_v about_o this_o matter_n for_o according_a to_o this_o experience_a person_n the_o way_n to_o keep_v wine_n in_o the_o must_v in_o which_o state_n its_o sweetness_n make_v it_o desire_v by_o many_o be_v to_o take_v new_o express_v juice_n of_o grape_n and_o have_v turn_v it_o up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o work_v to_o let_v down_o the_o vessel_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o careful_o close_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o deep_a well_o or_o river_n for_o six_o or_o eight_o week_n during_o which_o time_n the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v in_o the_o constitution_n it_o have_v so_o long_o obtain_v that_o afterward_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v in_o almost_o the_o same_o state_n and_o for_o divers_a month_n continue_v a_o sweet_a and_o not_o yet_o ferment_v liquor_n which_o some_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o french_a and_o latin_n call_v in_o one_o word_n must._n and_o how_o by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a well_o apply_v some_o other_o juice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v early_o and_o to_o be_v thereby_o soon_o spoil_v may_v be_v long_o keep_v from_o work_v the_o reader_n may_v perchance_o learn_v in_o
14._o inch_n long_o furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o have_v provide_v a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n of_o a_o convenient_a shape_n and_o size_n and_o fill_v it_o but_o to_o a_o due_a height_n that_o it_o may_v not_o afterward_o run_v over_o with_o common_a water_n i_o so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o thermoscope_n be_v support_v by_o the_o cork_n into_o which_o by_o a_o perforation_n or_o slit_v it_o be_v insert_v when_o the_o glass_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o cork_n the_o whole_a ball_n of_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n that_o fill_v the_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o do_v no_o where_o touch_v either_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o ball_n or_o bubble_n be_v every_o way_n surround_v with_o water_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v we_o observe_v at_o what_o station_n the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a water_n have_v make_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n rest_n in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o thermoscope_n and_o then_o have_v provide_v a_o fit_a proportion_n of_o warm_a water_n in_o a_o commodious_o shape_v vessel_n i_o remove_v the_o instrument_n into_o it_o and_o place_v it_o so_o as_o that_o the_o external_a warm_a water_n reach_v to_o a_o convenient_a height_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o open_a mouth_a glass_n but_o though_o i_o careful_o watch_v whether_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o external_a water_n will_v increase_v or_o strike_v inward_o the_o cold_a of_o that_o water_n which_o do_v immediate_o encompass_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n yet_o i_o perceive_v no_o such_o matter_n the_o tinct_a spirit_n in_o the_o stem_n keep_v its_o station_n without_o sink_v beneath_o it_o till_o the_o heat_n after_o a_o while_n have_v by_o degree_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o former_o cold_a water_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o that_o now_o warm_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n in_o the_o thermometer_n begin_v to_o ascend_v 56._o and_o to_o reduce_v the_o other_o part_n too_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o experiment_n the_o same_o thermoscope_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n just_a after_o the_o former_a manner_n only_o instead_o of_o the_o cold_a water_n that_o which_o immediate_o surround_v the_o glass_n be_v warm_a and_o when_o the_o warmth_n have_v impel_v up_o the_o tinct_a spirit_n till_o its_o ascent_n begin_v to_o be_v very_o slow_a i_o immerse_v the_o instrument_n to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n in_o a_o vessel_n that_o contain_v high_o refrigerated_a water_n mingle_v with_o divers_a piece_n of_o ice_n but_o notwitstand_v my_o watchfulness_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o water_n that_o do_v immediate_o encompass_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v at_o all_o increase_v or_o intend_v by_o that_o liquor_n be_v besiege_v by_o water_n exceed_o cold_a for_o the_o languid_a motion_n of_o the_o tinct_a spirit_n upward_o be_v not_o hereby_o so_o much_o as_o sensible_o accelerate_a as_o it_o must_v have_v be_v considerable_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o internal_a water_n have_v be_v so_o augment_v or_o strike_v inward_o by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a as_o the_o school_n doctrine_n will_v have_v make_v one_o expect_v but_o rather_o the_o ascent_n be_v by_o the_o chillingness_n of_o the_o contiguous_a water_n quick_o check_v and_o the_o former_o ascend_v spirit_n be_v soon_o bring_v to_o subside_o again_o and_o to_o give_v myself_o the_o full_a satisfaction_n about_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a phaenomena_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a experiment_n i_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v they_o more_o than_o once_o postscript_n a_o sceptical_a consideration_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o cellar_n in_o winter_n and_o their_o coldness_n in_o summer_n the_o forego_v discourse_n of_o carneades_n seem_v to_o have_v sufficient_o shake_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o vulgar_a doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v superstruct_v upon_o the_o vulgar_a observation_n and_o phaenomena_n whereon_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o build_v it_o and_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v also_o make_v it_o high_o probable_a that_o in_o case_n some_o of_o the_o example_n wont_a to_o be_v produce_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n shall_v prove_v historical_o true_a yet_o those_o phaenomena_n may_v more_o congruous_o to_o the_o wont_a proceed_n of_o nature_n be_v explicate_v by_o the_o detention_n of_o calorifick_a or_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o external_a cold_a or_o heat_n then_o to_o a_o certain_a inexplicable_a self_n invigoration_n which_o be_v common_o propose_v in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o invest_v inanimate_a body_n with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o free_a agent_n but_o though_o carneades_n his_o adversary_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v well_o make_v out_o the_o historical_a part_n of_o the_o receive_a doctrine_n concern_v cold_a yet_o upon_o a_o impartial_a survey_n of_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v on_o both_o side_n i_o free_o confess_v that_o to_o i_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n themselves_o seem_v not_o yet_o so_o clear_o determine_v as_o i_o can_v wish_v for_o as_o to_o the_o obvious_a phaenomena_n that_o nature_n do_v as_o it_o be_v of_o her_o own_o accord_n present_v we_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v but_o perfunctory_o consider_v and_o our_o sense_n only_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o they_o we_o may_v easy_o as_o carneades_n argue_v be_v impose_v upon_o by_o the_o unheeded_a predisposition_n of_o our_o organ_n and_o as_o for_o contrive_v and_o artificial_a experiment_n there_o scarce_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v any_o make_v fit_a to_o clear_v the_o difficulty_n that_o invite_v i_o to_o suspend_v my_o judgement_n as_o to_o the_o grand_a question_n of_o fact_n whether_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneous_a place_n be_v real_o hot_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n it_o be_v true_a that_o i_o have_v scarce_o meet_v with_o any_o point_n wherein_o the_o modern_a schoolman_n seem_v to_o have_v so_o much_o consult_v nature_n as_o in_o this_o of_o antiperistasis_n for_o inquire_v what_o have_v be_v write_v of_o that_o subject_n that_o may_v either_o confirm_v or_o oppose_v what_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a dialogue_n be_v deliver_v about_o antiperistasis_n i_o find_v that_o the_o curiousness_n and_o importance_n of_o the_o subject_n have_v make_v two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o writer_n less_o negligent_a than_o i_o suspect_v but_o though_o i_o have_v late_o meet_v with_o in_o they_o a_o experiment_n or_o two_o that_o seem_v cogent_o to_o evince_v i_o do_v not_o say_v a_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o school_n but_o that_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v real_o hot_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n yet_o i_o must_v for_o a_o while_n long_o continue_v my_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n which_o that_o even_o such_o person_n as_o be_v circumspect_a themselves_o may_v not_o think_v unreasonable_a i_o will_v brief_o subjoin_v the_o ground_n of_o my_o scepticism_n about_o this_o matter_n first_o then_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n zucchius_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v far_o more_o industrious_a than_o other_o aristotelian_o and_o on_o some_o subject_n be_v careful_a to_o propose_v experiment_n though_o he_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o happy_a in_o express_v his_o thought_n assure_v we_o somewhere_o that_o have_v keep_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n for_o three_o year_n together_o in_o a_o good_a cellar_n he_o find_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n in_o the_o summer_n and_o to_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o it_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o seem_v undeniable_o to_o infer_v that_o whatever_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o the_o heat_n in_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v indeed_o great_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o another_o recent_a schoolman_n who_o as_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n though_o 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