set at Liberty A Council held in the Province of Narbonne against the Albigenses The Assembly of Northusa held in the Christ-mas Holy-Days William of Segnelay made Bishop of Auxerre Gautier of Coutances Arch-Bishop of Roan dies Nov. 16. 1208 XI III. Theodotus Lascaris causes a Patriarch of Constantinople Residing at Nice to be Elected Michael Autorianus is the first Philip kill'd at Bamberg Jun. 1. by Otho of Wilâ—â—pach Otho Duke of Saxony is Elected at Francfort King of Germany in his place I. Bruno causes Adolphus to be depos'd from the Arch-Bishoprick of Cologne and takes possession of it again Sifroy takes possession of the Arch-Bishoprick of Mentz after he had turn'd out Lupoldus who enjoy'd it till Philip's Death The Institution of the Order of St. Francis The Assembly of Paris wherein Gallo Cardinal Legate in France drew up several Orders Roderick Ximenes Advanc'd to the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo 1209 XI IV. II. Otho Crown'd Emperor by Pope Innocent III. October 4. An Insurrection of the Peo of Rome against Otho The Memory of Ainaury condemn'd in the Council of Paris his Bones dug up and cast into the Common Sewer Several of his Disciples condemned also in that Council and afterwards burnt The Metaphysicks and Physicks of Aristotle newly brought from Constantinople and transtated into Latin are condemn'd to be burnt by the same Council which forbids the reading them under pain of Excommunication An Assembly of Wurtzburgh wherein the Pope's Legates approv'd of the Marriage to be contracted between Otho the Emperor and Philip's Daughter The Council of Montilly against Raymond Count of Toulouse The Council of Avignon Sept. 6. The Council of Paris  1210 XIII V. III. Otho Revenges himself of the Romans by Acts of Hostility which oblig'd the Pope to Excommunicate him and to declare him divested of the Empire in a Council ussembled at Rome  The Council of Rome against the Emperor Otho The Death of Gilbert Martin about this Year Arnold Abbot of Lubec Writes his Chronicon Vermerus Abbot of St. Blaise Peter de Vaux de Cernay William of Puilaurent Gervais of Tilbury Gautier Mapes Gilbert Alanus John Galle Bernard of Compostella These all Flourish'd 1211 XIV VI. Frederick II. Elected King of Germany I. The Pope causes the Sentence of Excommunication against the Emperor Otho to be Publish'd in Germany by Sifroy Arch-Bishop of Mentz The Institution of the Order of the Trinity or of the Redemption of Captives by John of Matha Dr. of Paris and by Felix Hermit of Valois approv'd by the Pope three Years after The Assembly of Nuremberg held about Pentecost Wherein the Emperor Otho declar'd War against the Count of Thuringa who had given shelter to the Arch-Bishop of Mentz Wilbrand of Oldemburgh writes his Itenery of the Holy Land 1211 XV. VII II. Frederick goes into Germany where he is very well receiv'd and makes great Progress against Otho  The Council of Paris Robert of Marian finishes his Chronicon 1213 XVI VIII III. Peter of Arragon kill'd September 10. His Son James I. Succeeds him  The Council of Lavaur against the Count of Toulouse and the Albigenses John of Oxford John of Fordeham Jocelin of Frakelonde John Gray Adam of Barkingen Hugh le Blanc Flourish'd 1214 XVII IX IV. Frederick Crown'd Emperor at Aix-la-Chapelle Otho is entirely routed July 15. at Bouvines by Philip Augustus King of France Alphonso King of Castile dies Octob. 〈◊〉 His Son Henry Succeeds him    1215 XVIII X. Theodorus Irenicus Coppas nominated Patriarch of Constantinople by the Greeks V. Simon Count of Montfort General of the Croisade against the Albigenses takes upon him the Name of Count of Toulouse that County being granted to him by the Council of Montpellier and the Pope The Decree of the Council of Montpellier which grants to Simon General of the Croisade against the Albigenses all the Territories of Raimond Count of Toulouse Favourer of those Hereticks with a Charge of receiving the Investiture of them from the King of France The Pope confirm'd this Decree yet reserving to the Count's Son some Demeans in Provence and 400 Marks a Year The Pope's Legate in reforming the University of Paris confirms the Prohibition of Reading Aristotle's Works but permitted the Teaching of his Logicks The Pope approves of the Order of Minor Friars which began this Year to be founded at Paris The Institution of the Order of St. Dominick The Council of Montpellier the beginning of this Year The Fourth General Lateran Council held in November Alexander Neckam is made Abbot of Exeter Conrad of Lichtenau is likewise made Abbot of Ursperg St. Francis of Assâ—sy William Deacon of Bourges then Flourish'd 1216 XIX Innocent III. dies July 16. two days after Honorius III. is Elected in his stead I. XI Henry Emperor of Constantinople dies June 10. Peter of Courtnay Count of Aâ—xerre who had marry'd his Daughter Jolanta is Elected in his stead I. VI. The Death of the Emperor Otho John King of England dies Oct. 17. Heâ—â—y III. his Son Succeeds him  The Council of Melun Anonymous Author of a Collection of the Decretals of Innocent III. 1217 II. II. Peter of Courtnay Crown'd Emperor of Constantinople by Pope Honorius III. in the Suburbs of Rome April 18. He is taken in his Journey to Constantinople by Theodorus Comnena Prince of Epirus His Wife Jolanta governs the Empire three Years VII Henry of Castile dies leaving his Sisâ—er Berengaria Queen of Leon his Heiress who gave the Kingdom to her Son Ferdinand who Succeeded his Father Alphonso in the Kingdom of Leon. The Dominicans are founded in Paris in the House of S. James from whence they were call'd Jacobines The Foundation of the Order of the Valley of Scholars in the Diocess of Langres approv'd by the Pope the Year ensuing  Matthew Paris enters into the Monastery of St. Albans 1218 III. I. Theodorus Comnena Prince of Epirus renounces the Schism of the Greeks and is reunited to the Latin Church VIII Simon of Montfort General of the Croisade against the Albigenses having laid Siege to Toulouse was kill'd in a Salley His Son Amaury Succeeds him in his Conquests The Franciscans obtain an House in Paris in which they are Establish'd  Ramond of Pemafort enters into the Order of Franciscans 1219 IV. II. IX The Franciscans go from France to establish themselves in England  Maurice made Bishop of Mans. 1220 V. III. Maximus made Patriarch of Constantinople at Nice X. Frederick Crown'd Emperor at Rome by Pope Honorius III.   William of Segnelay is translated to the Bishoprick of Paris Jourdain enters into the Order of the Dominicans Ricerus the Companion of S. Francis S. Anthony of Padua Henry of Kalva Abbot of Richenou Conrad Prior of Schur Eckethard Dean of S. Gal. William Monk of S. Denis These Flourish'd at this time 1221 VI. Robert Son of Peter of Courtnay declar'd Emperor of Constantinople I. Manuel Charitopulus succeeds Maximus in the Patriarchship of Constantinople
St. Rictruda published by the Continuers of Bollandus to the 12th of May. BALDWIN Earl of Flanders and Emperor of Constantinople has writ a long circular Baldwin Letter being a Relation of the taking of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204 wherein he takes care to forget nothing that may render the Greeks odious It is to be met with in the Annals of Rainaldus and in a Collection of some Pieces by Aubert de la Mire GEOFFREY Lord of Villehardwin near Troies in Champagne composed in French the Geoffrey History of the taking of Constantinople by the Latins where he himself assisted It is written in an old Stile but after a noble and impartial manner GONTHIER a Monk in the Monastry of Paris in the Diocess of Basil who flourished about Gonthier the beginning of this Century has left us the History of the taking of Constantinople by the Latins the Circumstances of which he had from Abbot Martin an Eye-witness It was published by Canisius in the first Tome of his Antiquities ARNOLD Provost of the Church of Hildesheim and afterwards Abbot of Lubeck flourished Arnold in the Reigns of the Emperors Philip and Otho IV. He is the Author of the Continuation of the Chronicle of the Sclavonians made by Helmoldus from the year 1171 to the year 1209. This Work was printed at Lubeck in 1659 larger in the first Edition of Helmoldus at Franckfort in 1556 which contains only the nine first Chapters Yet this wants the four last Chapters which have been published by Meibomius with the Opuscula Historica and printed at Helmstadt in 1660. Vossius's Remarks upon this Author is that he is to be credited in what relates to the History of the Sclavonians but not in what he has written of the Histories of Italy Sicily and Greece GERVAIS Sirnamed of Tilbury from the name of the Town where he was born Gervais which is in England upon the Thames of the Family of Henry the II. King of England and Great Marshal of the Kingdom of Arles flourished much about the year 1210 and wrote divers Historical Works among others An Universal History of the Kingdoms of the West with the Title of Otia Imperialia An History of England and some others which are kept up in Libraries out of which there 's no great likelihood of their quickly being set free WALTER MAPES an Englishman distinguished himself by his Wit under Henry II. Walter Mapes John and Richard Kings of England Though he was Canon of Salisbury Chanter of Lincoln and afterwards Archdeacon of Oxford yet he could not forbear making Satyrical Verses upon the Popes Cardinals and other Ecclesiasticks wherein he very freely censures their Irregularities You may see these Poetical Pieces themselves in the first Tome of the memorable Lessons of Voltius and a Catalogue of them here The Revelation of Priest Golias Four Pieces against disorderly Ecclesiasticks and one against the Irregularities of the Court of Rome WILBRANDUS of Oldenburg Canon of Hildesheim in the year 1211 made a Voyage Wilbrandus into the Holy Land whereof he has given us a Relation a part of which was published by Allarius in his Collection of Pieces printed at Cologn in 1653. Allatius commends this Author for a learned and curious Man his Stile is close and Historical but he dos not make use of many barbarous words ROBERT a Regular Canon of the Order of Premontre in the Monastry of St. Marianus Robert and Hugh of Auxerre composed a Chronology from the beginning of the World to the year 1212 the time of his Death It was published by Nicholaus Camuzatus Canon of Tours and printed at Troies in 1608 with a Continuation of it by HUGH Canon Regular of the same Monastry LAMBERT of Leige a Benedictine Monk of St. Laurence of Duitz is thought most probably Lambert to have flourished at the beginning of this Age. He wrote the Life of Herbert Archbishop of Cologn some Hymns and some Epigrams About the same time the Life of St. William Abbot of Roschild who died in 1202 was wrote A nameless Author by an Anonymous Author PETER a Monk of the Valleys of Cornay of the Order of Citeaux in the Diocess of Paris Peter accompanied his Abbot Guy afterwards Bishop of Carcassonne in his Voyage to Languedock to encounter the Albigensâ—s he being one of the 12 Abbots appointed by Innocent III. for this purpose Peter by the Order of Innocent III. has wrote a History of the Albigenses printed at Troies in 1615 and in the Library of Citeaux published by Father Tissier We shall have occasion to talk of him when we come to the History of the Albigenses About the same time WILLIAM of Puilâ—â—rent wrote a Chronicle of the Heresy of the William Albigenses printed at Thoulouse in 1623 and among Duchesne's French Historians JOHN of Oxford Dean of Salisbury flourished about the beginning of this Century and John of Oxford wrote a History of England and a Relation of his Voyage into Sicily About the same time with him lived JOHN Abbot of Fordeham Confessor to John John of Fordeham King of England He wrote the Life of St. Wolfrick the Actions of King John and a Chronicle of Scotland About the year 1214 JOCELINE BRAKELONDE an English Monk of the Monastry Joceline of Brakelonde John Gray of Usk composed a Chronicle of his Monastry a Treatise of the Election of Hugh and the Life of St. Robert Martyr JOHN GRAY Bishop of Norwich much about the same time wrote a Chronicle as did Adam of Barking HUGH WHITE a Benedictine Monk of Peterborough has wrote a History of his own Hugh White Monastry and of the Foundation of the Church of Mercy PREPOSITIVUS a famous Divine of Paris flourished about the year 1225. He composed Prepositivus a Sum of Scholastical Divinity which has not yet been printed but is very common in Manuscript in Libraries St. Thomas sometimes quotes it in his Sum. CESAIRE Monk of the Order of Citeaux in the Monastry of Heisterback into which he Cesaire was entred in 1199 and was afterwards made Prior of that of Villiers in Brabant composed a great Work in 12 Books Dialogue-wise in imitation of St. Gregory containing an account of the Miracles and Visions that happened in his time particularly in Germany He assures us in the Preface that none of it is his own Invention but all that he wrote he had from others But yet he is not to be excus'd for his too easily crediting those who did not deserve it and upon their relation heaping together as he has done in this Work a great many idle and forged Stories He likewise composed in 1226 three Books of the Life and Passion of St. Engelbert Arch-bishop of Cologn and Homilies upon the Sundays and Holidays of the whole year These Works have been printed viz. His History of Miracles at Cologn in 1591 and in Father Tissier's first Tome
Geminus 90. Genealogy of Jesus Christ 92. George of Amiens Capuchin published a trifling Edition of Tertullian 86. God His existence naturally known 74 76. His Attributes ibid. Providence 73. Worship ibid. Gospel Etymology and Signification of the Word P. 43. a. b. Of the four Canonical Gospels ibid. Their Order ibid. Some forged and why 3. One according to the Egyptians ibid. According to the Hebrews ibid. Believed by some to be the Original of St. Matthew ibid. Proofs to the contrary ibid. The Proto-Evangelium of St. James ibid. The Gospel of Nicodemus ibid. Others forged by Hereticks 4. The Hebrew Original of St. Matthew 3. Grace of Jesus Christ 64. Gregory Thaumaturgus Name Birth and Education 147. Origen's Scholar ibid. Afterwards made Bishop of Neocaesarea ibid. His Books ibid. His Canonical Epistle ibid. Supposititious Books attributed to him 148. H. HAbakkuk P. 6. Haggai Time when he prophesied P. 6. tt Hebrew Character before and after the Captivity P. 35. b. c. Language when disus'd by the Jews ibid. a. Syriack called Hebrew ibid. f. g. Points when invented ibid. h. Hegesippus when he lived 48. a. His Conversion ibid. b. Life 48 49. Writings and Fragments ibid. He mentioned the first Heretick that ever was in the Church ibid. History of the Jews falsly attributed to Hegesippus ibid. His Genius ibid. Heraclitus author 61. Heresies Their use 77. Owe their Original to Philosophy ibid. An infallible Rule to confute them 68 77. Their Novelty 77. Hereticks Their Genius 68. Hermas His true Name 26. b. Who he was ibid. The judgment the Ancients passed upon his Book and how it ought to be esteemed 27. Hermias 56. Hermogenes Heretick 78. Hexapla and Terrapla of Origen how ordered P. 38 78 97. Hippolytus Where Bishop 87. a. His Martyrdom ibid. b. Books 88. Others attributed to him ib. 89. e. f. g. h. His Paschal Cycle 89. i. Fragments of his Works 90. Histaspes An unknown Author 22. Books attributed to him Supposititious 23. Hoseaâ— His Prophecy P. 5. oo I. SAint James His Writings P. 45. r. 49. James the Brother of John converted his Accuser 65. Idols Punishments inflicted by the Church upon those that Sacrificed 121 122. Idolatry confuted Jesus Christ proved Messiah 76 135. Truly God-Man and really Incarnate 43. Some of his Words not in the 4 Gospels 41. Miracles unquestionable 48. Of David's Family 49. His descent into Hell 68. Believed by St. Irenaeus to have lived 50 Years ibid. Origen's Opinion concerning him 107 108. Letter written by him to Agbarus forged 1. Jeremiah Life and Writings P. 4. The Fifty Second Chapter not Written by him ibid. St. Ignatius called Theophorus and why 35. a. Whose Successor and how long Bishop ibid. His Martyrdom ibid. Testimonies of the Ancients concerning his Letters ib. 36. Catalogue of Editions 36 37. e. f. Judgments and Opinions concerning them 37 38. Which ought to be rejected ibid. Which interpolated 38. Seven Genuine by Vossius and Usher's Editions ibid. Their Antiquity asserted 39 to 42. Objections answered ibid. The Order in which they were Written 42 43. An Abridgment of them 43. Imposition of Hands 121. Incarnation Doctrin of the Ancients about it 180. Indulgences 121 181. Job a real History P. 3. x. y. z. Author of the Book P. 3. u. Genealogy P. 4. y. z. Joel His Prophecy P. 5. pp. St. John His Beginning P. 44. Thrown into boiling Oyl then Banished into Patmos where he is said to have written the Revelation ibid. Wrote his Gospel at Ephesus ibid. and three Letters ib. History of a Young Man Converted by him 65. Jonah P. 5. ss Josephus His Works P. 41. Censure upon his Style ibid. Upon the Passage in him concerning Jesus Christ 25. Joseph Bengorion A Supposititious Author Life Style and Works P. 41. Joshua P. 2. k. S. Irenaeus Life Time when by whom Taught 58. a. b. c. d. When went into France ib. By whom ordained Bishop of Lyons 59. g. When sent to Rome ibid. h. His Book against Heresies when Composed Why and in what Language 59. i. k. l. m. Catalogue of his other Books 67. Letters to Victor ibid. Martyrdom ibid. Fragments and Abridgment of his Works 59 60. Particular Opinions ibid. Style Learning and Genius ibid. 61. Editions of his Books ib. Isaiah His Writings P. 4. hh ii kk Judas Author wrote upon Daniels Weeks 61. Saint Jude his Epistle P. 45. Judges Book so called P. 2. l. Judgment to come 180. Ecclesiastical ones ought to be determined in their own Province 143. Judith Her History when by whom Written P. 3. r. Anciently rejected as Apocryphal P. 29. Said by St. Jerome to have been received by the Council of Nice ibid. Reasons to the contrary ibid. Received by the Latin Church by the Councils of Carthage and Trent ibid. Julius Africanus Countrey and Employment 91. a. b. His Chronicon e. f. Other Books ibid. His Opinion to reconcile the Genealogy's of J. C. and of the History of Susanna ibid. 92. Not the Author of the Cesti 92. g. Julius Firmicus Maternus wrote a Book of the Errors of prophane Religions 170. Who he was and when he Lived ibid. a. b Several Editions of this Book 171. Abridgment of it ibid. S. Justin. Country and Profession 50. a. b. Apologies when Written and to whom 51. Death 50 51. g. h. i. k. l. Dialogue with Tryphon 51. Other Works ibid. 55. Supposititious 55. Censure upon his Genius and Style ibid. Particular Opinions and Errors ibid. r. s. t. u. x. y. z. aa bb cc. Editions of his Books 55. bb Design of a new Edition 55 56. Justus of Tiberias wrote a History of the Jews P. 41. K. KIngs Who writ the Book so called P. 2. Two first Books called the Books of Samuel ibid. L. LAbyrinth Book so called by whom written 87. La Cerda Jesuit Commented on Tertullian 85. Lactantius Life and Employments 165. His Book of the Workmanship of God ibid. Seven of Institutions ibid. First of false Religion ibid. Second of the Original of Error c. 166. His other Books 167. Poems falsly attributed to him ibid. His Eloquence 168. Editions of his Works 169. Laodiceans Epistle to them forged and why 5. Lentulus Letter to the Senate 23. Leonidas Father of Origen Martyr 96. Linus not the Author of the Acts of the Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul 16. Liturgies Their Original 8. One falsly attributed to St. James 8. Troofs of its being spurious 9. Why different in different places 8. Severally falsly attributed to the Apostles and others 8. Lucian Martyr 161. Lucius P. His Election and Martyrdom 118. Saint Luâ—e Of what Profession and Country P. 43. i. Not J. C's but St Paul's Disciple ib. 〈◊〉 Wrote him Gospel when he journey'd with St. Paul P. 44. Upon what occasion it was Written P. 43 44. Luxury Condemned 136. M. MAccabees P. 29. zz aaa Whether Canonical P. 6. Of the 3d and 4th Books P. 31. Malachi P. 6. yy The last Prophet ibid. Malchion's dispute with
saith That whosoever transgresseth the Law in One Point is guilty of breaking the Whole because Sin is against Charity and Charity is the fulfilling of the Law But from hence it doth not follow that all Sins are equal because that though every Sin violates Charity upon which the Law dependeth yet that hinders not but that a Man is more or less guilty according as the Sins he commits are greater or less In a word There is more or less Sin in us according as there is more or less Charity and we shall never be perfect in Charity before we are delivered from the weakness of this mortal Flesh. Lastly We ought not to despise small Sins or daily Faults but ask God Pardon for them and blot them out by constant Prayers and good Works Whosoever should neglect to expiate them and who thinking himself over-righteous should ask of God to be judged without Mercy would doubtless come to Christ's Iudgment-Seat overwhelm'd with Sins that would weigh him down and would find no Mercy The 168th is a Letter of Thanks which both Timasius and James return to St. Augustin for his Book of Nature and Grace composed in 415. which was dedicated to them In the 169th St. Augustin answereth Evodius about two Questions which that Bishop had put to him one concerning the Trinity and the other about the Dove under whose Shape the Holy Ghost appeared and there he explains the Faith of the Church concerning the Trinity and the Incarnation very clearly and exactly This Letter is of the same Year with the Book of Nature and Grace that is in 415. The next Letter in St. Augustin's and Alypius's Name is upon the same Subject There they instruct Maximus the Physician who was newly converted from the Arian Heresie and exhort him to reduce those to the Faith whom he had led into Error The next is a Note from St. Augustin and Alypius to Peregrinus a Bishop whereby they desire him to give them an Account of what Success their Letter to Maximus had and not to be offended at the length of their Letter because they used to write such to those Persons whom they esteemed most This Peregrinus not being made Bishop before the Year 413. it is likely both these Letters were not written before 415. The 172d is an Answer of St. Jerom to St. Augustin's 166th and 167th Letters There he commendeth what St. Augustin had writ and excuseth himself from making any Answer This Letter was brought by Orosius in 416. The 173d is directed to Donatus a Donatist Priest of the Town of Carthagena in the Diocess of Hippo who having been informed That there was an Order to Arrest and to carry him to Church had purposed to throw himself into a Well St. Augustin shews him in this Letter the Excess of his Folly proving That it is just to force them to do Good that are bent to do Evil. This Letter was written after the Conference at Carthage The 174th Letter of St. Augustin to Aurelius Bishop of Carthage was sent with his Book of the Trinity completed in 410. The 175th to Pope Innocent I. is not a particular Letter of St. Augustin's but a Synodical Epistle of the Council assembled at Carthage in 416. whereby the Bishops of that Council to the Number of 68. inform the Pope of what they had done in the Council against Pelagius and Coelestius How Orosius having delivered them the Letters of Heros and Lazarus against Pelagius and Coelestius after they had revised what they had done before at Carthage Five Years since against Coelestius they had again Anathematized their Errours to reclaim those that started them from that Extravagancy or at the least to Cure such as were infected already and to preserve such as might be infected in process of time from the Contagion They make the Pope acquainted with it that so the Authority of the See of Rome being joined with the Judgment of the African Bishops might secure the Salvation of many and call back into the right way those that had gone astray They refute afterwards the Principal Errors of the Pelagians against Grace and Original Sin They add That though Pelagius had been justly acquitted in the Council of Palaestine yet now the growing Errour that over-spreads the Church ought to be Anathematized Lastly That though both Pelagius and Coelestius seem to disown their Errours and have undertaken to deny that they ever owned them and to affirm that the Writings objected to them are none of theirs yet Anathema's ought to be pronounced against any one who dares teach and averr That the natural Strength of Man is sufficient to avoid Sin and to accomplish God's Commandments And that dares affirm That Children need not be delivered from Perdition by the Baptism of Jesus Christ or that they can have a share in eternal Life without that Sacrament The 176th is likewise a Synodical Letter of the Council of Milevis made up of 60 Numidian Bishops and Assembled at the same time with the foregoing They exhort Pope Innocent to use his Authority to Condemn that new Heresie which was an Enemy of the Grace of Jesus Christ. They accuse Coelestius and Pelagius as the Authors of it yet hoping that they will renounce their Errours Besides these Two Letters St. Augustin writ a particular one in the Name of the Bishops Aurelius Alypius Evodius and Possidius his Collegues and familiar Friends wherein he represents to him That Pelagius having lived long at Rome it was a thing of great Consequence there to Condemn plainly the Errour which he taught and that it were convenient to send for Pelagius to examine him and oblige him to make such a Confession of Faith as might not be capable of an ill Explication and to anathematize the Errours that were found in his Books They refute likewise the Pelagian Doctrine explaining the Difference betwixt the Law and Grace and shewing the Necessity of the Latter to fulfil the Commandments St. Augustin wrote again upon the same Subject and about the same time the 178th Letter to Hilary supposed to be Bishop of Narbon and the 179th to John of Jerusalem to whom he sendeth his Book of Nature and Grace with that of Pelagius desiring in exchange The Ecclesiastical Acts whereby it appeared That Pelagius had been Justified he means the Acts of the Council of Diospolis All these Letters are written in 416. Orosius being come back again who brought from Palaestine into Africa Heros's and Lazarus's Letters against Pelagius The 180th to Oceanus a Gentleman of Rome is also of the same time This Man had embraced St. Jerom's Opinion about the Origination of Souls and concerning an officious Lye St. Augustin shews him in few Words the Difficulties that attend St. Jerom's Opinion about the Origination of Souls with the difference betwixt Tropes or Metaphors and Lying He observes That St. Jerom with whom he had had a Dispute about that Subject had altered his Mind in his Dialogue against Pelagius He
Degrade Caecilian and Optatus Utremotis duobus unum ordinarent This Passage obliged Albaspinaeus to affirm That Donatus of Casae Nigrae had been Bishop of Carthage He likewise draws from it great Advantages in favour of the Church of Rome yet this Period is not in the St. Germains Copy and it signifies nothing either for that which goes before or for that which comes after If we read the Passage we may judge Tunc duo Episcopi ad Africam missi sunt Eunomius Olympius Venerunt apud Carthaginem fuerunt per dies quadraginta vel quinquaginta ut pronunciarent ubi esset Catholica Hoc seditiosa pars Donati fieri passa non est This Place is clear and plain whereas if this Period be inserted Ut remotis duobus unum ordinarent the sence is alter'd and it will be contradictory There is likewise some Lines before another Restitution which is confirmed by St. Augustin's Testimony in the Conference at Carthage Donatus petiit ut ei reverti licuisset nec ad Carthaginem accederet Whereas they read before Ut ei reverti Carthaginem contingeret In the Extract out of the Third Book of Optatus they distinguish Three Persecutions against the Donatists and the Governors are named by whose Orders they were raised This is not to be found in the ordinary Editions of Optatus I shall not mention several other Corrections which may make us wish that a new entire Edition of this Author were undertaken The TENTH TOME THE Tenth Volume not yet Printed is intended for the Books which St. Augustin composed Tom. X. against the Pelagians The Three Books Of Merits and Remission of Sins wherein he treats of Infant-Baptism directed to Marcellinus ought to be set in the first place for till then he had not undertaken the Pelagians except in his Sermons or in Conversation as he takes notice in his Retractations He writ these in the Year 412. in Answer to the Pelagians Questions which Count Marcellinus had sent to him at Carthage He speaks there particularly of Infant-Baptism as necessary to remit Original Sin and of the necessity of the Grace of Jesus Christ which justifies us or maketh us righteous though whil'st we are in this Life we cannot so perfectly accomplish God's Law but that we are obliged to say in our daily Prayers Forgive us our Sins These are the principal Truths opposed by the Pelagians St. Augustin refutes them without naming the Authors and speaks of Pelagius in good Terms because several Persons had a great Esteem for his Vertue And he had not yet set forth his Doctrine in his own Name being contented to propose it in other Mens Names in his Commentaries upon St. Paul St. Augustin in the last Book refutes the Explications which he had given of those Passages of the Apostle that speak of Original Sin Count Marcellinus having received these Three Books from St. Augustin sent him word back again That he had found a Passage which puzzl'd him St. Augustin had said That with the help of Grace Man might live without Sin though none was yet arrived to that Perfection in this Life and that none would ever arrive to it Marcellinus asked St. Augustin how he could affirm this to be possible if there were no Examples of it To satisfie him about that Question St. Augustin wrote the Book Of the Spirit and of the Letter Yet he doth not examine this Question to the bottom but having answered in very few words That God can do many things which he doth not he boldly attacks those who durst affirm That a Man may fulfil the Commandments be Just and Vertuous without the succour of Christ's Grace He grounds these Reasonings upon that place of St. Paul The letter killeth but the spirit giveth life By the Letter he understandeth the Law and the Commandments which are unprofitable without the help of Grace which is the Spring of Faith of Righteousness Holiness and all Christian Vertues This Book is of the Year 413. In the Year 414. two young Monks Timasius and James having been undeceived by St. Augustin as to the Pelagian Errors sent to him one of Pelagius's Books wherein he pleaded for the Strength of Nature to the Prejudice of Christ's Grace St. Augustin immediately engaged to write against it and composed upon that Subject the Book Of Nature and of Grace St. Augustin Tome X. wherein he defends the Grace of Jesus Christ without Prejudice to Nature which is delivered and regulated by Grace He explains in this Treatise his Principles concerning the Fall of Humane Nature and the Necessity of Grace to be Justified yet he spares Pelagius's Name But this Monk having afterwards discovered his Opinions was cited by Heros Bishop of Arles and by Lazarus Bishop of Aix to a Council of Fourteen Bishops held at Diospolis in Palaestine in the Year 415. wherein he was declared Catholick in the absence of his Accusers having made a shew of condemning the Errors whereof he was accused St. Augustin fearing lest Men should believe that the Council had approved his Doctrine wrote a Book entituled Of the Acts of Pelagius wherein he declares how Things were carried and discovers at the same time that Pelagius had imposed upon the Fathers of the Council by professing a Doctrine which he had opposed in his Writings This Book is of the Year 416 or 417. Pelagius made use of the same Artifice to persuade Albinus Pinianus and Melania that he did not maintain the Errors he was accused of by Anathematizing them in appearance Coelestius also deceived Pope Zosimus by the same Fraud by presenting unto him a Counterfeit Catholick Confession These Cheats St. Augustin discovers and refutes in the Treatise Of Christ's Grace and in that Of Original Sin wherein he shews that these Confessions of Faith are captious and deceitful These Treatises are of the Beginning of the Year 418. It is probable also that it was at that same time that St. Augustin writ the small Treatise Of the Perfection of Righteousness against Coelestius where he Answers the Objections and Difficulties proposed by this Man under the Name of Definitions against the Opinion of the Catholicks who affirmed That there never was nor ever should be a Man that could attain to that Perfection of passing his whole Life without Offending God St. Augustin maintains That God does not grant this Grace even to the greatest Saints and so that it is ridiculous to believe that Man can compass this by the sole strength of his Free-Will as Pelagius and Coelestius imagined He does not mention this Book in his Retractations buâ— St. Prosper quotes it several times The First Book Of Marriage and Concupiscence was composed about the latter end of the Year 418. There St. Augustin Answereth one of the most malicious of the Pelagian Objections against Original Sin If Concupiscence said they is Evil and an Effect of Sin if all Children are Born in Sin how comes Matrimony to be approved which is
In the Twenty Fourth he Commends Gilbert Bishop of London for living Poor whilst he enjoy'd so considerable a Benefice It is no great wonder says he That Gilbert is a Bishop but it is somewhat extraordinary that a Bishop of London should live so meanly The exalted Dignity of his Episcopacy could not augment the Glory of so great a Man when his humble Poverty has not a little advanc'd him To undergo want patiently is the effect of an ordinary Virtue but to court it voluntarily is the Sign of a great Soul In the Twenty Fifth he exhorts Hugh Arch-Bishop of Roan to Patience and to temper his Zeal by Charity A Bishop says he must not only be Patient that he may not be overcome by Evil but he must be also a Peace-maker to surmount the Evil with Good insomuch that he ought to support even the Wicked and Reform them that he supports Be you therefore Patient because you are amongst Wicked Men and a Peace-maker that you may be able to govern ill-doers Let your Charity be full of Zeal but let your severity be tempered with Reason The Twenty Sixth is a Letter to Guy Bishop of Lausane which Comprehends in few Words the necessary Qualifications and Virtues requir'd in a Bishop You have says he to him undertaken a difficult Task you need therefore to have force to go through it You have took upon you to watch over Israel you ought to have a great deal of Prudence You expose your self both to Fools and Wise Men therefore Justice is likewise necessary and in a word you will have occasion for Temperance to moderate your Passion upon the greatest Provocations The Twenty Seventh and Twenty Eighth contain much the like instructions to Arduition Bishop of Geneva In the Twenty Ninth he congratulates Stephen Bishop of Mets upon the Peace restored to his Church In the Thirtieth he exhorts Alberon of Mets to wait patiently for the execution of an affair which he was treating about with his Bishop These two Letters were written after the Year 1126. In the Thirty First he congratulates Hugh Count of Champaigne on his being made a Knight of Jerusalem of the Cross. This Count was the first founder of the Abby of Clairvaux which occasions St. Bernard to say that he can never forget the great Friendship he has for him on account of his Noble Beneficence to his Monastery The Thirty Second is address'd to Joran Abbot of St. Nicaise of Rheims who complained that the Order of Cisteaux had received into their Fraternity one of his Monks call'd Dreux St. Bernard gives him to understand that he does not approve of such a Proceeding and that if that Monk had asked his Advice he should not have counsell'd him to such an Action and that he would not have receiv'd him himself had he been Abbot of that Monastery He likewise acquaints Joran that he partakes of his Concern and would assist him to his Power but that he was able to do nothing more than to write to the Abbot of Cisteaux to restore the said Monk He moreover counsels him not to take that matter so much to Heart but to submit freely to the good pleasure of God and suppress his just Indignation The Let ters of St. Bernard by the example of a certain Saint who being sollicited to look after a stray'd Monk answer'd I shall not do it for if he be a good Christian whereever he be he is still mine St. Bernard adds further that he himself had made use of the Counsel which he gave for that having had a near Relation receiv'd by the Monastery of Cluny against his Will though he is sensibly griev'd for his Loss yet is he resolved to rest satisfy'd praying both for the Monks that they would restore him and for the Person himself that God would give him Grace to return This shews plainly that this Letter was written before Robert's return about the Year 1120. Although St. Bernard had thus written to the Abbot of St. Nicaise nevertheless his Opinion was not that this Monk was obliged to return to his Cloyster therefore having written before to Hugh Abbot of Pontigni that had receiv'd this Monk that he thought him obliged to restore him he was forc'd to write a second letter to undeceive him whereby he signified that it was never his Intention to advise him to give up this Monk but that on the contrary he commended what he had done and likewise congratulated him in it But having been powerfully sollicited by the Arch-bishop of Rheims and by an Abbot who was one of that Monks Friends he could not prevent writing that Letter and requesting what he feared should come to pass He believed at the same time that he had given some umbrage of his meaning by writing at the end of his Letter that if he chose rather to suffer Displeasure than to release this Monk he might do as he pleas'd but that for his part he would have no manner of hand in it In fine he tells him that he did him a great deal of wrong to suspect that he had a mind to seduce this Monk to his own Monastery In the Thirty Fourth he congratulates this Monk on the Resolution he had taken and exhorts him to persevere in it The Thirty Fifth is address'd to Hugh Farsite Abbot of St. John of Chartres whom he desires to recommend the cause of Humbert to the Count of Chartres He withal assures him that he has not burnt the Letter which he sent him although there were strange Notions in it concerning the Sacraments Hereupon this Abbot wrote him an Answer to this effect That he had forgot that he had given him any cause of Concern but having sent him a right Orthodox Confession of Faith St. Bernard makes known to him by the Thirty Sixth Letter that he esteemed him a very good Catholick and that he verily believes he gave wrong Sentiments of his Mind He counsels him moreover not to injure the Memory of a Holy Bishop with whom he never had any difference whilst he liv'd In the Thirty Seventh Thirty Eighth Thirty Ninth Forty and Forty First St. Bernard recommends several things to Thibaud Count of Champagne The Forty Second written to Henry Arch-Bishop of Sens is to be found among St. Bernard's Opuscula In the Forty Third and Forty Fourth he desires that Arch-bishop to do Justice to the Abby of Molesme concerning what he claim'd from the Church of Sevan which belonged to that Abby The Forty Fifth Letter is written in the name of the Abbot and the whole Order of Cisteaux to Lewis the Gross King of France concerning his persecuting of Stephen Bishop of Paris He makes them speak to this King with a great deal of freedom and declare that if His Majesty did not think fit to do Justice to this Bishop they would assuredly write to the Pope about it This King not having made satisfaction to the Bishop of Pariâ— The Arch-Bishop pronounc'd a Suspension