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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
grace_n	esq_n	thomas_n	william_n	3,679	5	9.9352	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50038	The natural history of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak in Derbyshire with an account of the British, Phœnician, Armenian, Gr. and Rom. antiquities in those parts / by Charles Leigh ...	Leigh, Charles, 1662-1701?	1700 (1700)	Wing L975; ESTC R20833	287,449	522

Nisbet O Crew Offley Esq Oakes Esq Ogle Esq Alex. Olbeldston Esq Mr. Iohn Ody Mr. Iohn Offley Grays Inn. Mr. Thomas Ogle Mr. William Onely Mr. Osborn Ex. Coll. Mr. Andrew Osborn Mr. Ambrose Osborne of Warrington P Dr. Thomas Parnell Dr. Parsons Iohn Price M. D. Edward Parker Esq Robert Parker Esq The Reverend Mr. Price The Minister of Penwortham The Vicar of Presbury Christopher Parker Gent. William Patten Gent. Nicholas Penington Gent. Mr. Pictairn Mr. Parker Mr. Parker of Oxford Mr. Iames Pearson Mr. Thomas Patten Mr. Plumtree Mr. Henry Prescott of Chester Mr. Thomas Proddy Mr. Iohn Pope R The Earl Rivers The Countess Dowager Rivers The Lady Elizabeth Rivers Sir Alex. Rigby Knt. Dr. Tancred Rovinson London Dr. Rule Thomas Rigby Esq William Rosthorn Esq Iohn Risley Esq Edward Rigby Esq Charles Rigby Esq Christopher Rawlison Esq Richard Wright Preb. of Chester Mr. Keel of Baliol Mathematick Lecturer Mr. Richards Ex. Coll. Mr. Thomas Rean Mr. Ionathan Rose Mr. Reiner London S His Grace the D. of Somerset The Honorable Iames Stanley Esq Sir Alexander Setton Baronet Sir Archibald Steinson M. D. Sir Thomas Stanley Sir Robert Sybbald M. D. Sir Thomas Standish Dr. Sloan London Dr. Sherwood London Thomas Slater Esq William Stanford Esq Thomas Stafford Esq Nicholas Starkey Esq Richard Spencer Esq Roger Sudel Major of Preston Charles Smallwood L. L. B. The Reverend Mr. Nicholas of Stocport Iohn Smith Gent. Iohn Smith Gent. Daniel Sanford Gent. Mr. Strathem Mr. Slyford London Mr. Skeer Mr. William Shaw Mr. Stanwicks Mr. Nathaniel Spooner Mr. Barton Shuttleworth Mr. Edward Shelton Mr. Savile Mr. Samuel Shaw Mr. Iohn Stringham Mr. Iames Smith Mr. Iohn Sheer of Doddington Mr. Iohn Sutherland T Sir Tho. Tyrrell of Thornton Nicholas Townley Esq Richard Townley Esq Richard Tompson Esq Thomas Townley Esq Dr. Tyson London Dr. Tod Iohn Thane Preb. of Chester Mr. Edmund Townley A. M. Zachariah Taylor A. M. Mr. William Taylor Mr. Richard Thompson Mr. Benjamin Tooke Mr. Thomas Tatham U Mr. Thomas Vernon W The Earl of Warrington Dr. Iohn Wainright DD. LL. The Reverend Dr. Iohn Wallis Dr. Woodroff Dr. Wroe Dr. Willoughby London Dr. Waterhouse Iohn Ward of the inner Temple Esq Lawrence Walmsley Esq Bartholomew Walmsley Esq Benjamin Walmsley Esq Iohn Wedgewood Esq Gabriel Wood Esq William Wooley of Derbsh Esq Mr. Will. Ward Vicar of Portsmouth Mr. Thomas Waltham Mr. Thomas Watson Mr. Westby Mr. Thomas Wareing Mr. Henry Wise Mr. Richmond Walton Mr. Evan Wall Mr. Thomas Williamson Mr. Thomas Wilson Mr. Withers Mr. Whitehead Mr. Thomas Winkely Mr. Richard Walmsley of Showley Mr. Ioseph Walker Mr. Whitehead of Kirkham Mr. William Walbanck Y Ioseph Yates Esq Charles Yarborough M. B. Mr. Peter Yates Advertisement I Thought it necessary to give this publick notice to all that Subscribed to this Book That several Impressions of Seals came to me enclosed in Letters but the Gentlemen who Writ them mentioned not to whom each particular Coat belonged for want of those Directions I was obliged to omit several but have left a Plate and given Orders for the Engraving of them So that if those Gentlemen be pleas'd to send an Impression of their Arms to Mr. Sturt an Engraver near the White-Lyon in Red-Cross-Street in London they may have their Arms Engraved and that Plate annexed to the rest Place this before the first Plate of the Arms. A New Map of LANCASHIRE CHESHIRE DERBYSHIRE in w ch are Delineated most of y e Towns Rivers Meers Places Relating to y e Natural History of these Countries by Charles Leigh Doctor of Physick THE Natural History OF LANCASHIRE CHESHIRE AND THE PEAK in DERBYSHIRE CHAP. 1. Of the Ancient Inhabitants and of the Air in those Counties LANCASHIRE my Native Soil hath its Denomination from Lancaster the County Town an Ancient Corporation in which there are many and spacious Buildings It is Situated upon the River Lune of which I shall have occasion to treat hereafter This Country was formerly Inhabited by the Brigantes who settled behind the Mountains towards the Western Ocean From what Country these Men came is not very certain as Mr. Cambden affirms some deriving them from Spain others from the Alps and a third sort giving them that Name from the Piracies they committed as the French However thus far we may conclude They were a Warlike People inhabiting amongst the Ancient Britains and the further Disquisition of that matter I leave to the Antiquaries it being forein to this Undertaking Wherefore I shall hasten to the Natural History and according to my design'd Method First Treat of the natural and various Temperaments of the Air and afterwards of the unusual Phaenomena which have hapen'd in that Element However before I leave the Ancient Inhabitants of this County take a farther Account of them given by that Learned and Eminent Antiquary Mr. Hollingworth once Fellow of the Collegiate-Church of Manchester his Manuscript being now Reposited in the Publick-Library there The Ancient Inhabitants says he of Yorkshire Lancashire Westmorland Cumberland and Durham were the Brigantes their chief City was York sometimes call'd Brigantia In Vespasian's Time Petilius Cerialis struck a Terrour into the whole Land by Invading at his first Entry the Brigantes the most populous of all the whole Provinces many Battles and some Bloody ones were fought and the greatest part of the Brigantes were either conquer'd or wasted I dare not be positive in Matters of so abstruse a Nature but my own Opinion is That they Originally were Phoenicians and this I shall in some measure endeavour to make out from the Name of the Island in general and the Phoenician Name of a River in these parts As to the Island it self as some have asserted it was anciently call'd Bratanac that word in the Phoenician Language signifying Tin which was the chief product of the Isle they Traffick'd in However tho' that may seem to admit of a debate yet it is well known to be the Custom of the Eastern Nations to express themselves by Allegories Metaphors and concise Expressions and so the Hypothesis is not irrational As to the derivation of the word Britannia it may thus be accounted for in another sense Brit in the British Language signifies Paint and all our Historians agree the Britains were a painted People and as is imagined made use of the Juice of Glastum or Woad and the Land at that time probably had no other Name save that Monosyllable But upon the Phoenicians arrival to Trade upon their Coasts which chiefly they did in Cornwal where the Tin Mines were discover'd and whose Inhabitants were call'd by the Greeks Cassiterides it is very likely then their Weights which were the Standards of Commerce were made of Tin Lead perhaps not being then discover'd Hence it may be the Phoenician Merchants to the word Brit added anac which in the Phoenician Language is Poise or Ballance by which they Trade nor do the Arabians differ much from that stiling it ana which

have such a Tooth though scarce so ponderous in Manchester yet it weighs Two Pounds and a Half having been found in Derbyshire with a Skull and Limbs resembling those of a Man reported to have been found with it though those are long since lost the Tooth it self is a Surprize to many Beholders who after their superficial Eyeing it conclude it absolute Bone and stand amaz'd at its Bulk and Weight when in truth it is only a Sparry Substance imprest with such a Form For do we not daily discover the Forms of Plants and the seeming Beaks of Birds Effigies of the Bones of Beasts and Fishes all of solid Stones Why Nature therefore shou'd be tied up only to these and not in her Sports and Interludes divert her self and Mankind with Humane Shapes I can see no Reason for I shall now first begin with the Baths at Buxton but having sufficiently treated in a preceding Chapter of Hot Baths in general the Cause of their Heat and their Uses I 'll refer the Reader thereto and here first give you the Distick of Verses made by Mary Queen of Scots who honour'd this Place with her Presence as Mr. Cambden has them Buxtona quae calidae celebrabere nomine Lymphae Forte mihi Posthac non adeunda Vale. Buxton whose Fame thy Baths shall ever tell Whom I perhaps shall see no more Farewel That these Baths were eminent in the Times of the Romans is most certain Lucan and others acquaint us they were extraordinary hot the high Road called the Roman Bath-gate as Mr. Cambden says further confirms it but it is especially evident from a Roman Wall cemented with red Roman Plaister close by St. Ann's Well where we may see the Ruines of the ancient Bath its Dimensions and Length This Plaister is red and hard as Brick a Mixture not prepared in these Days and indeed the white Plaister the Romans used was much firmer and harder than any made in these Times being harder than the Stone it self the red Plaister appears as if it was burnt exactly resembling Tyle but I rather am inclined to think it was a Mixture of Lime and powder'd Tiles cemented with Blood and Eggs which acquir'd that Hardness Nor is it unlikely but the white Plaister was effected by some such Method only instead of Tyle they might use Chalk I shall briefly now take a short Survey of the Wonders of the Peak tho' I confess they do not directly fall within the Heads of this Chapter however being so universally remarkable I cannot well omit them Pool's Hole within a Quarter of a Mile of the Well may be thus described it enters in at the Foot of a large Mountain with a small Arch so low that for several Paces you are compell'd to creep upon all Fours but it then opens to a considerable Height not unlike the Roof of some large Cathedral on the Right-hand stands an Hollow commonly called Pool's Chamber where by striking with a Stone upon the Walla noisie Eccho rebounds From hence you march forward over Ridges of Stones and Rocks conducted with a Guide and a Candle and in that rough unequal Passage we receiv'd the Diversion of beholding various Representations produced by the petrifying Water continually dropping from the Roof and Sides of the Rock Here indeed we must use more Caution than the Star-gazing Philosopher who being taken up with a profound Contemplation of the Heavens was surprized by a Stumble into a Ditch Here you may see the Representation of most curious Fret-work Organ and Choir-work in other Places the Figures of Animals as the Body of a Man a Lion and many other Things which a pregnant Fancy may suggest here is one Thing called a Font by others Esquire Cotton's Hay-Cocks a Chair and Flitches of Bacon with many more Varieties Now you arrive at the Queen of Scot's Pillar clear and bright as Alabaster beyond which is a steep Ascent near a Quarter of a Mile high which Terminates near the Roof in an Hollow call'd the Needle's-Eye in which a Candle represents a Star in the Firmament The whole Prospect indeed in this remarkable Cavity is augmented by the Light of Candles Near the Pillar we fired a Pistol which redoubl'd like the Noise of a Cannon You return the lower Way where there are many small Currents of Water These are what I observ'd remarkable here Elden-Hole is a terrible Chasme it was plumm'd Eight Hundred Fathom by the Ingenious Charles Cotton Esq but no Bottom found if a Stone be cast in you hear its Sound a considerable time it is about Seven Yards in breadth and double that in length and very astonishing to look into That call'd the Devil's-Arse is a large and most graceful Arch from whose Top continually drops a Sparry Water which like that in Poole's-Hole petrifies within the Arch are several small Buildings where the poorer sort of People inhabit and I cou'd not but fancy them to be like the Troglydites or Cunicular Men describ'd by Dr. Brown that liv'd not like Men but Rabbits From this Arch I passed to a Water which almost closed with the Rock however this Water may be pass'd and then the Arch opens again when you come to very large Banks of Sand at the third Water the Rock closes and is impassable any farther Mam-Tor is another Thing remarkable in the Peak this is an high Hill near Castleton under which there are several Lead Mines this Hill is almost perpetually shivering down Earth and great Stones yet never visibly grows less and has thus continu'd for several Generations indeed the Hill extends a great way in breadth so that altho' it constantly diminishes it is not discernable by the Eye The next Thing to be noted is Tide's-Well that ebbs and flows but that being accounted for in another Chapter I shall not recapitulate here Having now given an Account of the Natural Wonders of the Peak I shall proceed next to the Artificial ones which occur and are not less surprizing What I have observ'd before in the foregoing Rarities are the rough Draughts of Nature yet being nearly view'd they are of so admirable a Texture and manag'd with so unerring a Conduct that they justly challenge the Skill of the most daring Artist In what follows Art sits Triumphant and bids fair for a Corrivalship with Nature Chatsworth like a Sun in an hazy Air adds Lustre to those Dusky Mountains and attracts a general Congress to be Spectators of its Wonders It is the Seat of His Grace William Duke of Devonshire the Passage to it is of an easie Ascent the Gate it self is very remarkable adorn'd with several Trophies the Hill composes a stately Square from which through a Gallery upon Stone-Stairs so artfully contriv'd that they seem to hang in the Air you have the Prospect of a most beautiful Chappel as likewise of the Hall in both which are choice and curious Paintings perform'd by Seignior Vario Master of that Art in the Hall is the History of Caesar