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A17877 Obseruations in the art of English poesie. By Thomas Campion. Wherein it is demonstratiuely prooued, and by example confirmed, that the English toong will receiue eight seuerall kinds of numbers, proper to it selfe, which are all in this booke set forth, and were neuer before this time by any man attempted Campion, Thomas, 1567-1620. 1602 (1602) STC 4543; ESTC S118604 15,351 50

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the sillables do beget For we find in musick that oftentimes the straines of a song can not be reduct to true number without some rests prefixt in the beginning and middle as also at the close if need requires Besides our English monasillables enforce many breathings which no doubt greatly lengthen a verse so that it is no wonder if for these reasons our English verses of fiue feete hold pace with the Latines of sixe The pure Iambick in English needes small demonstration because it consists simply of Iambick feete but our Iambick licentiate offers it selfe to a farther consideration for in the third and fift place we must of force hold the Iambick foote in the first second and fourth place we may vse a Spondee or Iambick and sometime a Tribrack or Dactile but rarely an Anapestick foote and that in the second or fourth place But why an Iambick in the third place I answere that the forepart of the verse may the gentlier slide into his Dimeter as for example sake deuide this verse Harke how these winds do murmure at thy flight Harke how these winds there the voice naturally affects a rest then murmur at thy flight that is of it selfe a perfect number as I will declare in the next Chapter and therefore the other odde sillable betweene thē ought to be short least the verse should hang too much betweene the naturall pause of the verse and the Dimeter following the which Dimeter though it be naturally Trochaical yet it seemes to haue his originall out of the Iambick verse But the better to confirme and expresse these rules I will set downe a short Poeme in Licentiate Iambicks which may giue more light to them that shall hereafter imitate these numbers Goe numbers boldly passe stay not for ayde Of shifting rime that easie flatterer Whose witchcraft can the ruder eares beguile Let your smooth feete enur'd to purer arte True measures tread what if your pace be slow And hops not like the Grecian elegies It is yet gracefull and well fits the state Of words ill-breathed and not shap't to runne Goe then but slowly till your steps be firme Tell them that pitty or peruersely skorne Poore English Poesie as the slaue to rime You are those loftie numbers that reuiue Triumphs of Princes and sterne tragedies And learne henceforth t' attend those happy sprights Whose bounding fury height and waight affects Assist their labour and sit close to them Neuer to part away till for desert Their browes with great Apollos bayes are hid He first taught number and true harmonye Nor is the lawrell his for rime bequeath'd Call him with numerous accents paisd by arte He 'le turne his glory from the sunny clymes The North-bred wits alone to patronise Let France their Bartas Italy Tasso prayse Phaebus shuns none but in their slight from him Though as I said before the naturall breathing place of our English Iambick verse is in the last sillable of the second foote as our Trochy after the manner of the Latine Heroick and Iambick rests naturally in the first of the third foote yet no man is tyed altogether to obserue this rule but he may alter it after the iudgement of his eare which Poets Orators and Musitions of all men ought to haue most excellent Againe though I said peremtorily before that the third and fift place of our licentiate Iambick must alwayes hold an Iambick foote yet I will shew you example in both places Where a Tribrack may be very formally taken and first in the third place Some trade in Barbary some in Turky trade An other example Men that do fall to misery quickly fall If you doubt whether the first of misery be naturally short or no you may iudge it by the easie sliding of these two verses following The first Whome misery can not alter time deuours The second What more vnhappy life what misery more Example of the Tribrack in the fift place as you may perceiue in the last foote of the fift verse Some from the starry throne his fame deriues Some from the mynes beneath from trees or herbs Each hath his glory each his sundry gift Renown'd in eu'ry art there liues not any To proceede farther I see no reason why the English Iambick in his first place may not as well borrow a foote of the Trochy as our Trochy or the Latine Hendicasillable may in the like case make bold with the Iambick but it must be done euer with this caueat which is that a Sponde Dactile or Tribrack do supply the next place for an Iambick beginning with a single short sillable and the other ending before with the like would too much drinke vp the verse if they came immediatly together The example of the Sponde after the Trochy As the faire sonne the light some heau'n adorns The example of the Dactil Noble ingenious and discreetly wise The example of the Tribrack Beawty to ielosie brings ioy sorrow seare Though I haue set downe these second licenses as good and ayreable enough yet for the most part my first rules are generall These are those numbers which Nature in our English destinates to the Tragick and Heroik Poeme for the subiect of them both being all one I see no impediment why one verse may not serue for them both as it appeares more plainely in the old comparison of the two Greeke writers when they say Homerus est Sophocles heroicus and againe Sophocles est Homerus tragicus intimating that both Sophocles and Homer are the same in height and subiect and differ onely in the kinde of their numbers The Iambick verse in like manner being yet made a little more licentiate that it may thereby the neerer imitate our common talke will excellently serue for Comedies and then may we vse a Sponde in the fift place and in the third place any foote except a Trochy which neuer enters into our Iambick verse but in the first place and then with his caueat of the other feete which must of necessitie follow The fift Chapter of the Iambick Dimeter or English march THe Dimeter so called in the former Chapter I intend next of all to handle because it seems to be a part of the Iambick which is our most naturall and auncient English verse We may terme this our English march because the verse answers our warlick forme of march in similitude of number But call it what you please for I will not wrangle about names only intending to set down the nature of it and true structure It consists of two feete and one odde sillable The first foote may be made either a Trochy or a Spondee or an Iambick at the pleasure of the composer though most naturally that place affects a Trochy or Spondee yet by the example of Catullus in his Hendicasillables I adde in the first place sometimes an Iambick foote In the second place we must euer insert a Trochy or Tribrack and so leaue the last sillable as in the end of