tertullian_n mention_n some_o in_o his_o day_n who_o at_o prayer_n will_v throw_v off_o their_o gown_n or_o cloak_n which_o he_o condemn_v as_o a_o superstitious_a affectation_n and_o a_o heathenish_a 〈◊〉_d so_o say_v he_o 659._o the_o heathen_n pray_v to_o their_o god_n which_o if_o 〈◊〉_d aught_o to_o have_v be_v do_v will_v have_v be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o apostle_n who_o have_v give_v direction_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o prayer_n unless_o some_o think_v that_o when_o paul_n have_v put_v off_o his_o cloak_n at_o prayer_n he_o forget_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o behind_o he_o at_o carpus_n §_o 5._o but_o quit_v the_o habit_n of_o he_o that_o 〈◊〉_d let_v we_o return_v to_o his_o prayer_n which_o he_o pronounce_v 309._o with_o a_o modest_a and_o bashful_a voice_n that_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o those_o who_o come_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o multitude_n and_o heinousness_n of_o their_o sin_n and_o to_o beg_v god_n pardon_n and_o grace_n which_o be_v the_o end_n and_o design_n of_o prayer_n musical_a singing_n be_v best_a agreeable_a to_o the_o praise_v and_o adore_v of_o god_n 23._o but_o our_o petition_n to_o god_n ought_v to_o be_v send_v up_o with_o most_o fervent_a prayer_n with_o tear_n and_o cry_v and_o groan_n doubtless_o the_o minister_n so_o pray_v as_o do_v most_o affect_v the_o people_n who_o mouth_n he_o be_v to_o god_n for_o they_o do_v not_o vocal_o 〈◊〉_d with_o he_o in_o the_o prayer_n but_o only_o testify_v their_o assent_n to_o what_o the_o minister_n pray_v by_o say_v 〈◊〉_d or_o so_o be_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o prayer_n at_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o assembly_n only_o pray_v and_o the_o people_n concur_v with_o the_o amen_o so_o write_v justin_n martyr_n 97._o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o long_a prayer_n over_o the_o element_n and_o when_o he_o end_v all_o the_o people_n present_v give_v their_o approbation_n by_o say_v amen_n and_o 97._o when_o the_o element_n be_v bless_v by_o the_o minister_n prayer_n and_o the_o people_n have_v approve_v it_o by_o say_v amen_o then_o they_o be_v distribute_v and_o 98._o the_o bishop_n according_a to_o his_o ability_n pray_v over_o the_o element_n and_o the_o people_n give_v their_o acclamation_n say_v amen_n so_o that_o scrupulous_a person_n mention_v by_o dionysius_n alexandrinus_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o xystus_n be_v say_v 255._o to_o have_v frequent_o hear_v the_o eucharistical_a prayer_n and_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o congregation_n to_o have_v answer_v amen_n henricus_fw-la valesius_fw-la in_o his_o note_n on_o this_o place_n as_o likewise_o dr._n hammond_n in_o his_o annotation_n on_o 1_o cor._n 14._o think_v that_o st._n paul_n have_v reference_n to_o this_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n saying_n amen_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o eucharistical_a prayer_n in_o 1_o cor._n 14._o 16._o else_o when_o thou_o shall_v bless_v with_o the_o spirit_n how_o shall_v be_v that_o occupy_v the_o room_n of_o the_o unlearned_a say_v amen_o at_o thy_o give_v of_o thanks_o see_v he_o understand_v not_o what_o thou_o say_v in_o which_o place_n st._n paul_n condemn_v as_o absurd_a and_o senseless_a the_o practice_n of_o some_o man_n who_o will_v consecrate_v the_o sacrament_n in_o hebrew_n or_o syriack_n before_o greek_n who_o understand_v not_o those_o tongue_n can_v not_o bear_v their_o share_n in_o the_o eucharistical_a prayer_n which_o consist_v not_o in_o antiphonal_a or_o responsory_a reply_v to_o the_o minister_n but_o only_o in_o say_v 〈◊〉_d or_o so_o be_v it_o to_o what_o he_o have_v pray_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o these_o citation_n be_v speak_v in_o particular_a of_o the_o prayer_n before_o the_o lord_n supper_n but_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v also_o apply_v to_o their_o prayer_n after_o sermon_n since_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o in_o the_o one_o they_o shall_v use_v responsal_n and_o in_o the_o other_o none_o but_o that_o in_o all_o their_o prayer_n the_o priest_n only_o pray_v seem_v to_o be_v apparent_a from_o that_o it_o be_v one_o part_n of_o his_o office_n to_o pray_v for_o the_o people_n 201._o the_o priest_n say_v cyprian_n pray_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o lord_n people_n and_o 190._o the_o priest_n who_o have_v sacrifice_v to_o idol_n can_v assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o priesthood_n or_o make_v any_o prayer_n in_o god_n sight_n for_o the_o brethren_n 201._o therefore_o those_o aught_o to_o be_v choose_v into_o the_o priesthood_n who_o god_n will_v hear_v it_o be_v the_o priest_n that_o sole_o pronounce_v the_o public_a prayer_n without_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o people_n to_o respond_v since_o they_o have_v no_o fix_v public_a form_n of_o prayer_n except_o the_o lord_n prayer_n which_o lord_n prayer_n they_o frequent_o though_o not_o always_o repeat_v and_o then_o as_o to_o their_o other_o prayer_n every_o bishop_n or_o minister_n of_o a_o parish_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o liberty_n and_o ability_n therein_o §_o 6._o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lord_n prayer_n it_o must_v first_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d repeat_v of_o it_o with_o other_o prayer_n be_v not_o esteem_v necessary_a but_o frequent_o it_o be_v omit_v thus_o in_o the_o heavenly_a prayer_n of_o polycarpus_n at_o the_o stake_n the_o lord_n prayer_n be_v neither_o at_o beginning_n nor_o end_n the_o conclusion_n of_o it_o be_v 133._o lord_n i_o will_v praise_v thou_o i_o will_v bless_v thou_o i_o will_v magnify_v thou_o through_o the_o eternal_a high_a priest_n christ_n jesus_n thy_o belove_a son_n by_o who_o to_o thou_o with_o he_o and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n be_v glory_n now_o and_o for_o evermore_o amen_n so_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n conclude_v his_o last_o book_n of_o pedagogy_n with_o a_o prayer_n which_o neither_o end_n nor_o begin_v with_o the_o lord_n prayer_n and_o origen_n prescribe_v a_o method_n of_o prayer_n speak_v not_o a_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n prayer_n but_o 135._o advise_v both_o to_o begin_v and_o end_v with_o doxology_n or_o a_o give_a praise_n to_o god_n in_o this_o respect_n they_o regard_v the_o lord_n prayer_n as_o give_v by_o christ_n for_o a_o pattern_n of_o all_o other_o prayer_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v whence_o cyprian_n call_v this_o prayer_n 299._o the_o law_n or_o rule_n of_o pray_v 309._o so_o that_o to_o pray_v otherwise_o than_o that_o prayer_n direct_v be_v ignorance_n and_o impiety_n wherefore_o say_v cyprian_n 24._o let_v every_o one_o pray_v to_o god_n not_o only_o for_o himself_o but_o for_o all_o the_o brethren_n as_o the_o lord_n have_v teach_v we_o to_o pray_v for_o all_o and_o so_o write_v clemens_n alexandrinus_n 537._o that_o a_o good_a man_n never_o remember_v the_o affront_v that_o be_v offer_v he_o but_o always_o forget_v they_o wherefore_o he_o just_o pray_v say_v forgive_v we_o as_o we_o forgive_v other_o that_o be_v he_o pray_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o five_o petition_n for_o it_o be_v the_o sense_n not_o the_o very_a word_n of_o that_o petition_n that_o he_o here_o recite_v but_o though_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o lord_n prayer_n be_v not_o necessary_a yet_o it_o be_v usual_a whence_o say_v origen_n 1._o christ_n give_v we_o a_o prayer_n with_o which_o he_o command_v we_o to_o pray_v unto_o the_o father_n and_o tertullian_n write_v 657._o that_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n give_v to_o his_o disciple_n a_o new_a form_n of_o prayer_n whence_o he_o call_v the_o lord_n prayer_n 436._o the_o lawful_a prayer_n and_o cyprian_a yet_o more_o full_o write_v that_o 309._o christ_n have_v give_v we_o a_o form_n of_o prayer_n he_o have_v admonish_v and_o instruct_v what_o we_o shall_v pray_v for_o he_o that_o make_v we_o live_v have_v teach_v we_o to_o pray_v that_o whilst_o we_o offer_v unto_o the_o father_n the_o prayer_n which_o the_o son_n teach_v we_o may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o hear_v for_o what_o prayer_n can_v be_v more_o spiritual_a than_o that_o which_o be_v give_v we_o by_o christ_n who_o give_v we_o also_o the_o holy_a spirit_n and_o what_o prayer_n can_v be_v more_o prevalent_a with_o god_n than_o that_o of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o truth_n proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n so_o that_o to_o pray_v otherwise_o than_o he_o have_v teach_v be_v both_o ignorance_n and_o impiety_n let_v we_o pray_v therefore_o dear_o belove_a brethren_n as_o god_n our_o master_n have_v teach_v we_o it_o be_v a_o friendly_a and_o familiar_a prayer_n to_o ask_v god_n with_o his_o own_o and_o to_o present_v the_o prayer_n of_o christ_n to_o his_o ear_n the_o father_n will_v acknowledge_v his_o son_n word_n when_o we_o pray_v let_v he_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o the_o voice_n and_o since_o we_o have_v he_o a_o advocate_n with_o the_o
sin_n to_o worship_v kneel_v which_o custom_n we_o also_o observe_v from_o easter_n to_o whitsuntide_n §_o 8._o the_o element_n be_v thus_o bless_v distribute_v and_o receive_v they_o afterward_o sing_v a_o hymn_n or_o psalm_n to_o the_o praise_n and_o glory_n of_o god_n as_o tertullian_n write_v 710._o then_o every_o one_o sing_v a_o hymn_n to_o god_n either_o of_o his_o own_o composition_n or_o out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n then_o follow_v for_o a_o conclusion_n a_o prayer_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n almighty_a for_o his_o inestimable_a grace_n and_o mercy_n as_o the_o same_o tertullian_n say_v ibidem_fw-la prayer_n conclude_v this_o feast_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v a_o collection_n for_o the_o poor_a when_o as_o justin_n martyr_n report_v 99_o every_o one_o that_o be_v able_a and_o willing_a give_v according_a to_o his_o ability_n and_o that_o that_o be_v gather_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o relieve_v therewith_o the_o orphan_n and_o widow_n the_o sick_a and_o distress_a prisoner_n traveller_n stranger_n and_o in_o a_o word_n all_o that_o have_v need_v thereof_o chap._n vii_o §_o 1._o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o public_a worship_n §_o 2._o of_o the_o place_n thereof_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n fix_v place_n for_o that_o end_n metonymical_o call_v church_n §_o 3._o how_o those_o church_n be_v build_v §_o 4._o no_o holiness_n in_o those_o place_n §_o 5._o of_o the_o time_n of_o public_a worship_n §_o 6._o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o week_n a_o usual_a time_n §_o 7._o celebrate_a with_o joyfulness_n esteem_v holy_a and_o spend_v in_o a_o holy_a manner_n §_o 8._o their_o reason_n for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o day_n §_o 9_o the_o usual_a title_n of_o this_o day_n the_o lord_n day_n §_o 10._o sometime_o call_v sunday_n but_o never_o the_o sabbath-day_n §_o 11._o saturday_n another_o time_n of_o public_a worship_n §_o 1._o hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o several_a particular_a act_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n of_o the_o ancient_n i_o now_o come_v according_a to_o my_o propound_a order_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o necessary_a circumstance_n thereof_o by_o which_o i_o mean_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v inseparable_a from_o all_o humane_a action_n as_o place_n and_o time_n habit_n and_o gesture_n as_o for_o habit_n as_o much_o of_o that_o as_o be_v controvert_v i_o have_v speak_v to_o already_o in_o that_o chapter_n where_o i_o discourse_v of_o the_o minister_n habit_n in_o prayer_n and_o as_o for_o gesture_n i_o have_v already_o treat_v of_o worship_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o of_o their_o posture_n at_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o dispute_v with_o reference_n thereunto_o beside_o the_o bow_n at_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n and_o the_o worship_v towards_o the_o communion_n table_n but_o both_o these_o be_v introduce_v after_o my_o prescribe_a time_n viz._n above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o but_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o discuss_n of_o the_o two_o remain_a circumstance_n of_o public_a worship_n viz._n place_n and_o time_n §_o 2._o first_o as_o for_o place_n this_o all_o will_v ready_o grant_v to_o be_v a_o necessary_a circumstance_n of_o divine_a worship_n for_o if_o we_o serve_v god_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o it_o must_v be_v in_o one_o place_n or_o other_o now_o one_o query_n with_o respect_n hereunto_o may_v be_v whether_o the_o primitive_a christian_n have_v determine_v fix_v place_n for_o their_o public_a worship_n unto_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o usual_o they_o have_v though_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o time_n of_o persecution_n or_o when_o their_o circumstance_n will_v not_o permit_v they_o to_o have_v one_o usual_a sixed_a place_n they_o meet_v wherever_o they_o can_v 268._o in_o field_n desert_n ship_n or_o inn_n yet_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o serenity_n they_o choose_v the_o most_o settle_a convenient_a place_n that_o they_o can_v get_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o solemn_a service_n which_o place_n by_o a_o metonymy_n they_o call_v the_o church_n thus_o at_o rome_n the_o place_n where_o the_o christian_n meet_v and_o choose_v fabian_n for_o their_o bishop_n be_v 239._o the_o church_n at_o antioch_n paulus_n samosasatenus_fw-la bishop_n thereof_o order_v certain_a woman_n to_o sing_v psalm_n to_o his_o praise_n 281._o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o church_n at_o carthage_n the_o baptise_a person_n renounce_v the_o devil_n and_o all_o his_o work_n 336._o in_o the_o church_n and_o thus_o veland_n fertullian_n very_o frequent_o call_v their_o definite_a place_n for_o divine_a worship_n church_n §_o 3._o as_o for_o the_o form_n of_o these_o church_n or_o the_o fashion_n of_o their_o building_n i_o find_v this_o description_n of_o they_o in_o tertullian_n 284._o the_o house_n of_o our_o dove_n like_o religion_n be_v simple_a build_v on_o high_a and_o in_o open_a view_n respect_v the_o light_n as_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n and_o the_o east_n as_o the_o representation_n of_o christ._n the_o meaning_n whereofis_n that_o their_o church_n be_v erect_v on_o high_a and_o open_a place_n and_o make_v very_o light_a and_o shine_a in_o imitation_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n descent_n upon_o the_o apostle_n at_o the_o day_n of_o pentecost_n who_o come_v down_o with_o fire_n or_o light_n upon_o they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v build_v towards_o the_o east_n in_o resemblance_n of_o christ_n who_o they_o apprehend_v in_o scripture_n to_o be_v call_v the_o east_n concern_v which_o title_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o i_o have_v already_o discourse_v in_o that_o head_n concern_v pray_v towards_o the_o east_n unto_o which_o place_n to_o avoid_v repetition_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n §_o 4._o but_o though_o they_o have_v these_o fix_a place_n or_o church_n for_o conveniency_n and_o decency_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o imagine_v any_o such_o sanctity_n or_o holiness_n to_o be_v in_o they_o as_o to_o recommend_v or_o make_v more_o acceptable_a those_o service_n that_o be_v discharge_v therein_o than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v perform_v elsewhere_o for_o as_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n write_v 520._o every_o place_n be_v in_o truth_n holy_a where_o we_o receive_v any_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o as_o justin_n martyr_n say_v 344._o through_o jesus_n christ_n we_o be_v now_o all_o become_v priest_n to_o god_n who_o have_v promise_v to_o accept_v our_o sacrifice_n in_o every_o or_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o persecution_n or_o such_o like_a emergency_n they_o scruple_v not_o to_o meet_v in_o other_o place_n but_o wherever_o they_o can_v secure_o join_v together_o in_o their_o religious_a service_n there_o they_o meet_v though_o it_o be_v 268._o in_o field_n desert_n ship_n inn_n or_o prison_n as_o be_v the_o case_n and_o practice_n of_o dionysius_n bishop_n of_o alexandria_n so_o that_o the_o primitive_a practice_n and_o opinion_n with_o respect_n to_o this_o circumstance_n of_o place_n be_v that_o if_o the_o state_n of_o their_o affair_n will_v permit_v they_o they_o have_v fix_v place_n for_o their_o public_a worship_n call_v church_n which_o they_o set_v apart_o to_o that_o use_n for_o conveniency_n and_o decency_n sake_n but_o not_o attribute_v unto_o they_o any_o such_o holiness_n as_o thereby_o to_o sanctify_v those_o service_n that_o be_v perform_v in_o they_o i_o know_v nothing_o more_o with_o respect_n to_o place_n that_o require_v our_o consideration_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o proceed_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o time_n of_o public_a worship_n under_o which_o will_v be_v comprehend_v the_o primitive_a fast_n and_o feast_n §_o 5._o time_n be_v as_o necessary_a a_o circumstance_n to_o religious_a worship_n as_o place_n for_o whilst_o we_o be_v in_o this_o world_n we_o can_v serve_v god_n at_o all_o time_n but_o must_v have_v some_o determinate_a time_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o that_o god_n people_n therefore_o under_o the_o law_n may_v not_o be_v leave_v at_o a_o uncertainty_n when_o to_o serve_v he_o it_o please_v the_o almighty_a to_o institute_v the_o sabbath_n the_o passover_n and_o other_o feast_n at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v to_o congregate_v and_o assemble_v together_o to_o give_v unto_o god_n the_o glory_n due_a unto_o his_o name_n and_o for_o the_o same_o end_n under_o the_o evangelical_n administration_n there_o be_v particular_a day_n and_o season_n appoint_v for_o the_o public_a and_o solemn_a worship_n of_o the_o glorious_a and_o eternal_a lord_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o clemens_n romanus_n god_n have_v require_v we_o to_o serve_v he_o 52._o in_o the_o appoint_a time_n and_o season_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o ought_v to_o serve_v he_o ibid._n at_o those_o determinate_v time_n that_o so_o worship_v he_o 53._o at_o those_o command_a season_n we_o may_v be_v bless_v and_o accept_v by_o
loud_a sound_a cymbal_n by_o which_o the_o tongue_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v which_o sound_v or_o speak_v through_o the_o knock_n or_o coition_n of_o the_o li_n §_o 9_o when_o the_o sing_v of_o psalm_n be_v end_v then_o succeed_v the_o preach_v of_o the_o word_n so_o write_v tertullian_n 530._o scripture_n be_v read_v psalm_n sing_v and_o then_o sermon_n pronounce_v as_o for_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o preacher_n sermon_n it_o be_v usual_o a_o commentary_n or_o explication_n of_o the_o lesson_n that_o be_v just_a before_o read_v so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n and_o country_n of_o justin_n martyr_n who_o write_v that_o 98._o when_o the_o reader_n have_v end_v the_o bishop_n make_v a_o sermon_n by_o way_n of_o instruction_n and_o exhortation_n to_o the_o imitation_n of_o those_o excellent_a thing_n which_o have_v be_v read_v whence_o origen_n call_v their_o sermon_n 142._o explanation_n of_o the_o lesson_n and_o such_o explanation_n be_v all_o his_o sermon_n or_o homily_n as_o whosoever_o read_v they_o will_v easy_o see_v and_o he_o himself_o intimate_v as_o much_o in_o jerem_n several_a of_o they_o as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o their_o sermon_n they_o usual_o preach_v a_o hour_n as_o origen_n complain_v of_o his_o abundance_n of_o matter_n that_o if_o he_o shall_v thorough_o handle_v every_o part_n of_o it_o it_o will_v 29._o require_v not_o only_o the_o one_o hour_n of_o their_o assembly_n but_o several_a therefore_o when_o the_o lesson_n be_v long_o and_o copious_a which_o sometime_o consist_v of_o several_a chapter_n as_o the_o lesson_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o origen_n 15_o homily_n on_o jeremiah_n reach_v from_o the_o 15_o chapter_n and_o 10_o verse_n to_o the_o 17_o chapter_n and_o 5_o verse_n the_o preacher_n pass_v over_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n unmentioned_a and_o handle_v the_o most_o important_a or_o the_o most_o curious_a part_n therein_o thus_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o sermon_n of_o origen_n we_o find_v that_o the_o chapter_n that_o be_v read_v be_v the_o 25_o 26_o 27_o and_o 28_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o samuel_n 29._o which_o he_o complain_v be_v too_o large_a and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v all_o handle_v at_o once_o and_o therefore_o he_o will_v only_o discourse_v of_o the_o 28_o chapter_n touch_v the_o witch_n of_o endor_n and_o those_o thing_n relate_v there_o 〈◊〉_d she_o §_o 10._o as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o sermon_n we_o may_v observe_v this_o method_n in_o those_o of_o origen_n that_o he_o first_o begin_v with_o a_o short_a 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o explain_v verse_n after_o verse_n or_o sentence_n after_o sentence_n 〈◊〉_d the_o natural_a and_o literal_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o then_o the_o spiritualised_a or_o mystical_a meaning_n of_o they_o and_o conclude_v with_o a_o suitable_a application_n of_o all_o either_o 142._o by_o way_n of_o exhortation_n to_o piety_n and_o virtue_n or_o by_o way_n of_o dehortation_n from_o vice_n and_o impiety_n always_o accommodate_v their_o discourse_n to_o the_o capacity_n of_o their_o hearer_n 143._o be_v their_o auditor_n be_v prudent_a and_o understanding_n than_o they_o scruple_v not_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o profound_a mystery_n of_o the_o gospel_n but_o if_o they_o have_v attain_v no_o great_a measure_n of_o knowledge_n and_o have_v need_n of_o milk_n as_o the_o apostle_n style_v it_o than_o they_o conceal_v from_o they_o those_o deep_a and_o recondite_v point_n §_o 11._o as_o for_o the_o preacher_n himself_o it_o be_v usual_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o parish_n so_o say_v 〈◊〉_d martyr_n 98._o the_o bishop_n preach_v by_o way_n of_o instruction_n and_o exhortation_n to_o the_o imitation_n of_o those_o excellent_a thing_n which_o we_o or_o else_o he_o desire_v a_o presbyter_n or_o some_o other_o fit_a person_n to_o preach_v in_o his_o room_n without_o his_o consent_n it_o have_v be_v schism_n and_o violence_n in_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o to_o have_v usurp_v his_o chair_n but_o with_o his_o permission_n any_o clergyman_n or_o layman_n may_v preach_v in_o his_o pulpit_n now_o that_o clergyman_n preach_v no_o one_o will_v question_v though_o it_o will_v be_v doubt_v whether_o layman_n do_v but_o that_o they_o do_v so_o appear_v from_o a_o memorable_a history_n concern_v origen_n who_o go_v from_o alexandria_n into_o palestina_n by_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o country_n public_o preach_v in_o the_o church_n and_o expound_v the_o holy_a scripture_n although_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o in_o holy_a order_n at_o which_o action_n when_o demetrius_n bishop_n of_o alexandria_n be_v offend_v alexander_n bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o theoctistus_n of_o caesarea_n write_v to_o he_o in_o defence_n of_o it_o as_o follows_z 222._o whereas_o you_o write_v in_o your_o letter_n that_o it_o be_v never_o before_o see_v or_o do_v that_o layman_n shall_v preach_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o bishop_n therein_o you_o wander_v from_o the_o truth_n for_o wheresoever_o any_o be_v find_v that_o be_v fit_a to_o profit_v the_o brethren_n the_o holy_a bishop_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n ask_v they_o to_o preach_v unto_o the_o people_n so_o evelpis_n be_v desire_v by_o neon_n bishop_n of_o laranda_n and_o paulinus_n by_o celsus_n of_o iconium_n and_o theodorus_n by_o atticus_n of_o synnada_n our_o most_o bless_a brethren_n and_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o this_o be_v likewise_o do_v in_o other_o place_n though_o we_o know_v it_o not_o but_o yet_o though_o layman_n preach_v it_o be_v not_o every_o one_o that_o do_v so_o but_o only_o those_o that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d fit_a to_o prosit_fw-la the_o brethren_n and_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o fit_a yet_o they_o do_v not_o irregular_o or_o disorderly_o run_v about_o a_o preach_a or_o discharge_v that_o sacred_a office_n till_o they_o be_v desire_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o a_o parish_n to_o do_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o stay_v for_o the_o permission_n and_o approbation_n of_o such_o a_o one_o for_o without_o that_o their_o sermon_n and_o discourse_n will_v have_v be_v but_o so_o many_o act_n of_o schism_n and_o faction_n chap._n ii_o §_o 1._o after_o preach_v all_o the_o congregation_n rise_v up_o to_o join_v in_o public_a prayer_n §_o 2._o they_o pray_v towards_o the_o east_n their_o reason_n for_o that_o custom_n §_o 3._o they_o lift_v up_o their_o hand_n and_o eye_n towards_o heaven_n §_o 4._o whether_o the_o minister_n that_o officiated_n wear_v a_o surplice_n and_o therein_o of_o minister_n habit_n §_o 5._o whether_o they_o sing_v their_o prayer_n and_o whether_o they_o use_v responsal_n §_o 6._o of_o prescribe_a liturgy_n the_o lord_n prayer_n not_o always_o but_o common_o use_v by_o they_o §_o 7._o to_o the_o lord_n prayer_n they_o add_v other_o prayer_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n or_o invention_n prove_v so_o to_o have_v be_v §_o 8._o whether_o their_o prayer_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a collect_v §_o 1._o as_o soon_o as_o the_o sermon_n be_v end_v than_o all_o the_o congregation_n rise_v up_o to_o present_v their_o common_a and_o public_a prayer_n unto_o almighty_a god_n as_o justin_n martyr_n write_v that_o when_o the_o preacher_n have_v finish_v his_o discourse_n 98._o they_o all_o rise_v up_o and_o offer_v their_o prayer_n unto_o god_n stand_v being_n the_o usual_a posture_n of_o pray_v at_o least_o the_o constant_a one_o on_o sunday_n on_o which_o day_n they_o esteem_v it_o a_o sin_n to_o kneel_v whence_o the_o preacher_n frequent_o conclude_v his_o sermon_n with_o a_o exhortation_n to_o his_o auditor_n to_o stand_v up_o and_o pray_v to_o god_n as_o we_o find_v it_o more_o than_o once_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o origen_n sermon_n as_o 198._o wherefore_o stand_v up_o let_v we_o beg_v help_n from_o god_n that_o we_o may_v be_v bless_v in_o jesus_n christ_n to_o who_o be_v glory_n for_o ever_o and_o ever_o amen_n and_o cantic_a wherefore_o rise_v up_o let_v we_o pray_v to_o god_n that_o we_o may_v be_v make_v worthy_a of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o who_o be_v glory_n and_o dominion_n for_o ever_o and_o ever_o amen_n and_o again_o 1._o stand_v up_o let_v we_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o the_o father_n through_o christ_n who_o be_v the_o propitiation_n for_o our_o sin_n to_o who_o be_v glory_n and_o dominion_n for_o ever_o and_o ever_o amen_n §_o 2._o according_o the_o whole_a congregation_n stand_v up_o and_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v their_o custom_n and_o manner_n to_o pray_v towards_o that_o quarter_n as_o tertullian_n write_v 688._o we_o pray_v towards_o the_o east_n now_o the_o reason_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o for_o this_o usage_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o three_o or_o four_n i._o out_o of_o respect_n and_o reverence_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n jesus_n christ_n they_o pray_v towards_o the_o east_n because_o the_o east_n be_v a_o
sufficient_a quantity_n of_o that_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v present_v to_o the_o bishop_n or_o to_o he_o that_o officiate_v to_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o sacramental_a element_n who_o consecration_n next_o succeed_v which_o in_o the_o main_n be_v after_o this_o follow_a manner_n §_o 4._o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o in_o many_o place_n the_o minister_n first_o begin_v with_o a_o exhortation_n or_o discourse_n touch_v the_o nature_n and_o end_n of_o that_o sacrament_n which_o the_o congregation_n be_v go_v to_o partake_v of_o that_o so_o their_o heart_n may_v be_v the_o more_o elevate_v and_o raise_v into_o heavenly_a frames_n and_o disposition_n this_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o history_n of_o a_o exorcist_n woman_n relate_v by_o firmilian_a who_o take_v upon_o she_o to_o per._n form_n many_o ecclesiastical_a administration_n as_o to_o baptise_v and_o celebrate_v the_o lord_n supper_n which_o last_o she_o do_v 238._o without_o the_o wont_a sermon_n or_o discourse_n which_o seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v customary_a in_o lesser_n asia_n and_o perhaps_o at_o carthage_n too_o for_o the_o minister_n to_o make_v a_o speech_n or_o exhortation_n before_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o sacrament_n but_o whether_o this_o practice_n be_v universal_a or_o more_o ancient_a than_o 〈◊〉_d i_o can_v determine_v this_o that_o follow_v be_v viz._n a_o prayer_n over_o the_o element_n by_o he_o that_o officiated_n unto_o which_o the_o people_n give_v their_o assent_n by_o say_v amen_o this_o prayer_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o justin_n martyr_n 97._o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o minister_n who_o receive_v they_o give_v praise_n and_o glory_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o all_o through_o the_o son_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o in_o a_o large_a manner_n render_v particular_a thanks_o for_o the_o present_a mercy_n who_o when_o he_o have_v end_v his_o prayer_n and_o praise_n all_o the_o people_n say_v amen_n and_o ibid._n when_o the_o minister_n have_v thus_o give_v thanks_o and_o the_o people_n say_v amen_o the_o deacon_n distribute_v the_o element_n and_o again_o 98._o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o minister_n who_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o ability_n send_v up_o prayer_n and_o praise_n and_o the_o people_n say_v amen_n and_o then_o the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v distribute_v from_o this_o description_n by_o justin_n martyr_n of_o the_o sacramental_a prayer_n we_o may_v observe_v these_o few_o thing_n pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i._o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o long_a prayer_n antecedent_n to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o element_n for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o minister_n have_v receive_v the_o bread_n and_o wine_n he_o offer_v up_o prayer_n and_o praise_n unto_o god_n in_o a_o large_a manner_n and_o when_o he_o have_v end_v the_o people_n say_v amen_o ii_o that_o this_o long_a prayer_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n viz._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o he_o call_v they_o that_o be_v petition_n and_o thanksgiving_n in_o the_o former_a they_o pray_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n the_o quiet_a of_o the_o world_n the_o health_n of_o their_o emperor_n and_o in_o a_o word_n for_o all_o man_n that_o need_v their_o prayer_n as_o it_o be_v represent_v by_o tertullian_n 709._o we_o pray_v say_v he_o for_o the_o emperor_n for_o all_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n under_o they_o for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o quiet_a of_o affair_n and_o for_o the_o delay_n of_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n in_o the_o latter_a they_o give_v god_n thanks_o for_o send_v christ_n and_o for_o the_o institution_n of_o that_o comfortable_a sacrament_n desire_v his_o blessing_n on_o and_o consecration_n of_o the_o element_n then_o before_o they_o iii_o that_o by_o this_o one_o prayer_n both_o the_o element_n be_v consecrate_v at_o once_o for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o minister_n take_v both_o element_n together_o and_o bless_v they_o and_o then_o they_o be_v distribute_v he_o do_v not_o consecrate_v they_o distinct_o but_o both_o together_o §_o 5._o after_o prayer_n be_v end_v they_o read_v the_o word_n of_o institution_n that_o so_o the_o element_n may_v be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o word_n as_o well_o as_o by_o prayer_n whence_o origen_n call_v the_o sacramental_a element_n 254._o the_o food_n that_o be_v sanctify_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o prayer_n and_o that_o be_v hallow_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o prayer_n and_o 〈◊〉_d write_v 318._o that_o when_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n perceive_v the_o word_n of_o god_n than_o it_o become_v the_o eucharist_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ._n §_o 6._o the_o element_n be_v thus_o consecrate_a the_o minister_n take_v the_o bread_n and_o break_v it_o 318._o the_o bread_n which_o we_o break_v or_o or_o the_o break_a bread_n as_o it_o be_v style_v by_o irenaeus_n and_o then_o give_v it_o to_o the_o deacon_n who_o distribute_v it_o to_o the_o communicant_n and_o after_o that_o the_o cup_n which_o the_o deacon_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n deliver_v so_o it_o be_v in_o justin_n martyr_n time_n and_o country_n 97._o the_o element_n say_v he_o be_v bless_v the_o deacon_n give_v to_o every_o one_o present_a of_o the_o consecrate_a bread_n and_o wine_n but_o in_o tertullian_n time_n and_o country_n the_o minister_n and_o not_o the_o deacon_n distribute_v the_o element_n 338._o we_o receive_v say_v he_o from_o no_o one_o hand_n but_o the_o bishop_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o place_v not_o many_o year_n after_o 283._o the_o deacon_n offer_v the_o cup_n to_o those_o that_o be_v present_a so_o that_o herein_o there_o be_v a_o diversity_n of_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n the_o deacon_n deliver_v the_o element_n in_o other_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o minister_n that_o consecrate_v they_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v either_o by_o bishop_n or_o deacon_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o which_o of_o they_o soever_o do_v it_o they_o deliver_v the_o sacramental_a bread_n and_o wine_n particular_o to_o each_o communicant_a i_o find_v but_o one_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o church_n of_o alexandria_n where_o the_o custom_n be_v to_o permit_v the_o people_n to_o take_v the_o bread_n themselves_o from_o the_o plate_n or_o vessel_n wherein_o it_o be_v consecrate_v as_o be_v insinuate_v by_o 198._o clemens_n alexandrinus_n but_o in_o most_o other_o church_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o element_n be_v particular_o deliver_v to_o every_o single_a communicant_a so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o country_n of_o justin_n martyr_n where_o 98._o the_o deacon_n give_v to_o each_o one_o of_o the_o consecrate_a bread_n and_o wine_n so_o at_o carthage_n in_o the_o time_n of_o cyprian_a 283._o the_o deacon_n offer_v the_o cup_n to_o those_o that_o be_v present_a in_o the_o time_n of_o which_o father_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o child_n and_o suck_v infant_n to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n unto_o who_o it_o be_v necessary_a particular_o to_o deliver_v the_o element_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o to_o take_v it_o orderly_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o and_o therefore_o when_o a_o little_a suck_a girl_n refuse_v to_o taste_v the_o sacramental_a wine_n 284._o the_o deacon_n violent_o force_v it_o down_o her_o throat_n so_o it_o be_v also_o at_o rome_n as_o appear_v from_o what_o cornelius_n report_v of_o his_o antagonist_n novatian_n that_o 245._o when_o he_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n and_o divide_v and_o give_v to_o each_o man_n his_o part_n with_o his_o two_o hand_n he_o hold_v those_o of_o the_o receiver_n say_v to_o he_o swear_v unto_o i_o by_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n that_o thou_o will_v never_o leave_v my_o party_n to_o return_v to_o that_o of_o cornelius_n so_o force_v the_o miserable_a receiver_n instead_o of_o say_v amen_o to_o say_v i_o will_v not_o return_v to_o cornelius_n §_o 7._o as_o for_o the_o posture_n of_o receive_v at_o alexandria_n the_o custom_n be_v to_o 245._o stand_v at_o the_o table_n and_o receive_v the_o element_n which_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d this_o manner_n the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v consecrate_v the_o communicant_n come_v up_o in_o order_n to_o the_o communion_n table_n and_o there_o stand_v receive_v the_o element_n and_o then_o return_v to_o their_o place_n again_o but_o whether_o this_o be_v universal_a i_o know_v not_o or_o whether_o any_o other_o posture_n be_v use_v i_o can_v determine_v only_o as_o for_o kneel_v if_o the_o sacrament_n be_v celebrate_v on_o the_o lord_n day_n as_o usual_o it_o be_v or_o on_o any_o other_o day_n between_o easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n than_o no_o church_n whatsoever_o kneel_v for_o as_o tertullian_n write_v 340._o on_o the_o lord_n day_n we_o account_v it_o a_o