Selected quad for the lemma: friend_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
friend_n	write_v	year_n	young_a	120	4	5.6127	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66534	The ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the county of Warwick Esq, fellow of the Royal Society in three books : wherein all the birds hitherto known, being reduced into a method sutable to their natures, are accurately described : the descriptions illustrated by most elegant figures, nearly resembling the live birds, engraven in LXXVII copper plates : translated into English, and enlarged with many additions throughout the whole work : to which are added, Three considerable discourses, I. of the art of fowling, with a description of several nets in two large copper plates, II. of the ordering of singing birds, III. of falconry / by John Ray ...	Ray, John, 1627-1705.; Willughby, Francis, 1635-1672. Ornithologiae libri tres. English.	1678 (1678)	Wing W2880; ESTC R9288	670,235	621

else_o white_a the_o seven_o have_v only_o a_o black_a spot_n near_o the_o tip_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v white_a in_o brief_a the_o ridge_n upper_a or_o forepart_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v be_v all_o along_o black_a which_o colour_n near_o the_o back_o be_v dilate_v into_o a_o large_a and_o broad_a stroke_n or_o spot_n the_o bill_n be_v more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o something_o arcuate_v or_o bend_v downward_o especial_o towards_o the_o point_n which_o be_v sharp_a of_o a_o black_a colour_n the_o low_a mandible_a not_o far_o from_o the_o tip_n bunch_a out_o into_o a_o angle_n underneath_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o ash_n or_o livid_n colour_n its_o claw_n black_a it_o have_v some_o rudiment_n of_o a_o hind-toe_n rather_o than_o a_o perfect_a toe_n for_o it_o be_v only_o a_o carneous_a knob_v without_o any_o claw_n the_o leg_n also_o be_v destitute_a of_o feather_n for_o about_o the_o length_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o knee_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o mouth_n within_o and_o the_o tongue_n be_v like_a that_o of_o a_o apple_n assyrian_a apple_n as_o bellonius_fw-la have_v observe_v the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o almost_o equal_a feather_n the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n twenty_o eight_o or_o twenty_o nine_o this_o bird_n be_v easy_o know_v and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n that_o we_o have_v hitherto_o observe_v by_o its_o want_v the_o back-toe_n it_o be_v common_a on_o our_o seacoast_n §._o vi_o the_o pewit_n or_o black-cap_n call_v in_o some_o place_n the_o sea-crow_n and_o mire-crow_n larus_n cinereus_fw-la ornithologi_fw-la 73._o aldrov_n also_o the_o larus_n cinereus_fw-la tertius_fw-la aldrov_n the_o cepphus_n of_o turner_n and_o gesner_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o tame_a pigeon_n that_o which_o we_o describe_v weigh_v about_o ten_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o tip_n of_o bill_n to_o end_v of_o tail_n be_v fifteen_o inch_n its_o breadth_n thirty_o seven_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a colour_n bend_v something_o downward_o from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n two_o inch_n long_o the_o palate_n be_v of_o a_o red-lead_a colour_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o eyelid_n red_a both_o upper_a and_o low_a eyelid_n towards_o the_o hind-part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v compass_v with_o white_a feather_n the_o head_n and_o throat_n be_v black_a but_o dilute_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o ash-coloured_a the_o neck_n tail_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a the_o number_n of_o quil-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n twenty_o nine_o the_o tip_n and_o extreme_a edge_n of_o the_o first_o be_v white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o feather_n black_a the_o follow_a feather_n to_o the_o ten_o have_v black_a tip_n yet_o with_o some_o diversity_n in_o several_a bird_n else_o the_o whole_a wing_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o tail_n all_o snow-white_a of_o about_o five_o inch_n length_n not_o fork_v consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o wing_n gather_v up_o reach_v beyond_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a sanguine_a colour_n the_o back-toe_n small_a the_o claw_n little_a and_o black_a the_o male_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o female_n in_o colour_n or_o outward_a appearance_n near_a gravesend_n a_o huge_a number_n of_o these_o bird_n frequent_v the_o river_n thames_n we_o see_v and_o describe_v at_o chester_n a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o there_o they_o call_v the_o sea-crow_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n in_o some_o accident_n of_o less_o moment_n viz._n the_o crown_n or_o top_n of_o its_o head_n only_o be_v black_a not_o its_o throat_n each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o eight_o quil-feather_n the_o outmost_a of_o which_o have_v its_o tip_n and_o exterior_a edge_n black_a the_o three_o next_o in_o order_n have_v their_o outer_a web_n white_a their_o tip_n and_o interior_a edge_n black_a the_o three_o succeed_v have_v only_o their_o tip_n black_a the_o three_o four_o and_o five_o and_o in_o some_o also_o the_o second_o feather_n have_v a_o spot_n of_o white_a on_o their_o tip_n of_o this_o kind_n also_o be_v those_o bird_n which_o yearly_o build_v and_o breed_v at_o norbury_n in_o staffordshire_n in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o great_a pool_n in_o the_o ground_n of_o mr._n skrimshew_o distant_a at_o least_o thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n hither_o they_o come_v about_o the_o end_n of_o april_n they_o build_v they_o lay_v three_o four_o or_o five_o egg_n of_o a_o dirty_a green_a colour_n spot_v with_o dark_a brown_a two_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_a weight_n blunt_a at_o one_o end_n the_o first_o down_n of_o the_o young_a be_v ash-coloured_a and_o spot_v with_o black_a the_o first_o feather_n on_o the_o back_n after_o they_o be_v fledge_v be_v black_a when_o the_o young_a be_v almost_o come_v to_o their_o full_a growth_n those_o entrust_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n drive_v they_o from_o off_o the_o island_n through_o the_o pool_n into_o net_n set_v on_o the_o bank_n to_o take_v they_o when_o they_o have_v take_v they_o they_o feed_v they_o with_o the_o entrail_n of_o beast_n and_o when_o they_o be_v fat_a sell_v they_o for_o four_o penny_n or_o five_o penny_n apiece_o they_o take_v yearly_a about_o a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o young_a one_o whence_o may_v be_v compute_v what_o profit_n the_o lord_n make_v of_o they_o about_o the_o end_n of_o july_n they_o all_o fly_v away_o and_o leave_v the_o island_n some_o say_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o those_o bird_n be_v black_a only_o in_o spring_n and_o summer_n a_o certain_a friend_n of_o i_o say_v aldrovand_n do_v sometime_o write_v to_o i_o from_o comachio_n that_o the_o feather_n on_o their_o head_n grow_v black_a in_o march_n and_o that_o that_o blackness_n continue_v for_o three_o month_n viz._n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v breed_v and_o rear_v their_o young_a and_o that_o the_o other_o nine_o month_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v white_a which_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v true_a for_o to_o i_o indeed_o it_o seem_v not_o probable_a no_o wonder_n that_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o species_n of_o bird_n describe_v at_o several_a time_n of_o the_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v three_o or_o four_o make_v aldrovandus_n write_v that_o the_o description_n of_o gesner_n agree_v in_o other_o thing_n to_o his_o ash-coloured_a gull_n disagree_v only_o in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o bill_n and_o foot_n but_o perhaps_o say_v he_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n may_v vary_v in_o bird_n of_o the_o same_o species_n which_o i_o will_v not_o easy_o grant_v unless_o they_o differ_v in_o age_n or_o sex_n §._o vii_o *_o the_o great_a white_a gull_n of_o bellonius_fw-la which_o we_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v specifical_o different_a from_o our_o pewit_n it_o be_v say_v he_o lesser_a than_o the_o ash-coloured_a mew_n and_o a_o veryhandsom_a bird_n as_o fair_a to_o see_v to_o as_o a_o white_a pigcon_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v bigger-bodied_n and_o yet_o be_v strip_v of_o its_o feather_n it_o have_v far_o less_o flesh_n it_o be_v as_o white_a as_o snow_n yet_o wing_n under_o the_o wing_n it_o have_v somewhat_o of_o ash-colour_n the_o eye_n be_v great_a and_o encompass_v with_o a_o black_a circle_n near_o the_o region_n of_o the_o ear_n on_o both_o side_n be_v a_o black_a spot_n it_o be_v well_o wing_a for_o the_o wing_n exceed_v the_o tail_n in_o length_n its_o leg_n and_o bill_n be_v red_a which_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ash-coloured_a gull_n it_o stand_v straight_o upon_o its_o leg_n carry_v the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o body_n more_o elevate_v so_o that_o the_o low_a part_n seem_v to_o be_v bend_v like_o a_o bow_n the_o bill_n be_v round_o and_o sharp-pointed_a the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a this_o bird_n in_o most_o thing_n approachòs_fw-la to_o our_o pewit_n last_o describe_v it_o differ_v in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o the_o black_a spot_n about_o the_o ear_n aldrovandus_n make_v the_o lesser_a white_a larus_n of_o bellonius_fw-la to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o cepphus_n of_o turner_n that_o be_v our_o pewit_n i_o rather_o think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o sea-swallow_n because_o he_o write_v that_o it_o frequent_v fenny_a place_n and_o thò_fw-la bank_n of_o river_n chap._n ii_o great_a brown_a and_o grey_a gull_n §._o i._o our_o catarracta_n i_o suppose_v the_o cornish_a gannet_n skua_fw-la hoier_n clus_o the_o skin_n of_o this_o stuff_v be_v send_v we_o by_o our_o learned_a and_o worthy_a friend_n dr._n walter_n needham_n who_o find_v it_o hang_v up_o in_o a_o certain_a gentleman_n hall_n the_o bird_n itself_o live_v or_o new_o

not_o from_o experience_n viz._n that_o though_o a_o hen_n have_v no_o seed-egg_n prepare_v in_o the_o yolk_n vitellarium_fw-la yet_o be_v after_o coition_n make_v foecund_a she_o will_v short_o breed_v and_o lay_v new_a one_o and_o those_o also_o fruitful_a for_o not_o only_o those_o egg_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o yolk_n and_o want_n whites_n or_o who_o small_a seed_n and_o rudiment_n be_v already_o in_o the_o egg_n ovarium_n but_o those_o also_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o begin_v but_o shall_v be_v conceive_v a_o long_a time_n after_o be_v by_o the_o same_o virtue_n make_v fecund_a the_o same_o sense_n he_o repeat_v in_o other_o word_n about_o the_o end_n of_o exercit._n 40._o if_o from_o under_o a_o hen_n once_o render_v prolific_a and_o sit_v upon_o egg_n after_o she_o have_v lay_v all_o her_o egg_n none_o remain_v in_o the_o ovarium_n you_o take_v away_o all_o her_o egg_n she_o will_v anew_o breed_v and_o lay_v more_o and_o those_o also_o prolific_a i_o suppose_v this_o great_a naturalist_n be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o affirm_v that_o a_o hen_n after_o she_o have_v lay_v all_o her_o egg_n and_o there_o be_v none_o remain_v in_o the_o ovarium_n will_v breed_v new_a one_o for_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o can_v make_v any_o experiment_n hereof_o see_v that_o if_o he_o have_v open_v a_o sit_v hen_n and_o have_v find_v no_o egg_n within_o she_o how_o can_v he_o certain_o know_v that_o she_o will_v have_v breed_v new_a one_o have_v she_o live_v if_o he_o think_v that_o all_o clock-hen_n do_v lay_v all_o their_o egg_n and_o quite_o empty_a the_o vitellarium_n before_o they_o begin_v to_o clock_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o sit_v he_o be_v therein_o sure_o mistake_v for_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o that_o shall_v be_v true_a in_o hen_n which_o i_o have_v by_o experience_n find_v false_a in_o other_o bird_n especial_o see_v himself_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v in_o hen_n as_o well_o as_o other_o bird_n a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o yolk_n in_o the_o ovarium_n of_o divers_a growth_n from_o a_o almost_o invisible_a quantity_n to_o the_o consummate_a magnitude_n to_o these_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o observation_n of_o dr._n harvey_n in_o exercit._n 59_o de_fw-la generate_fw-la both_o animal_n nature_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n give_v numerous_a young_a to_o those_o animal_n which_o be_v of_o little_a strength_n or_o courage_n can_v hardly_o defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o other_o and_o so_o compensate_v the_o brevity_n of_o their_o life_n with_o a_o plentiful_a offspring_n nature_n say_v pliny_n have_v give_v this_o to_o the_o bird-kind_n that_o those_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v most_o fruitful_a which_o be_v most_o cowardly_a or_o fugacious_a for_o whereas_o generation_n in_o all_o creature_n be_v institute_v by_o nature_n for_o perpetuity_n sake_n it_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o those_o that_o be_v of_o short_a life_n and_o obnoxious_a to_o external_a injury_n lest_o the_o species_n shall_v fail_v and_o therefore_o bird_n that_o excel_v in_o strength_n and_o live_v by_o ravine_n and_o so_o enjoy_v a_o long_o and_o more_o secure_a life_n do_v seldom_o lay_v more_o than_o two_o egg_n at_o once_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o pigeon_n turtle_n and_o ringdove_n do_v sit_v only_o upon_o two_o egg_n at_o once_o but_o then_o they_o compensate_a the_o defect_n of_o number_n by_o the_o frequency_n of_o lay_v they_o breed_v ten_o time_n a_o year_n therefore_o they_o breed_v much_o though_o not_o many_o at_o a_o time_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o age_n of_o bird_n of_o all_o sanguineous_a and_o hot_a animal_n bird_n be_v the_o long_a live_v for_o the_o proportion_n quadrupeds_o of_o their_o body_n much_o more_o vivacious_a than_o quadrupeds_o swan_n be_v say_v to_o attain_v to_o the_o age_n even_o of_o three_o hundred_o year_n we_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o a_o friend_n of_o we_o a_o person_n of_o very_a good_a credit_n that_o his_o father_n keep_v a_o goose_n know_v to_o old_a be_v fourscore_o year_n of_o age_n and_o as_o yet_o sound_a and_o lusty_a and_o like_a enough_o to_o have_v live_v many_o year_n long_o have_v he_o not_o be_v force_v to_o kill_v she_o for_o her_o mischievousness_n worry_v and_o destroy_v the_o young_a goose_n and_o gosling_n moreover_o the_o pelican_n that_o age_n be_v keep_v at_o mechlin_n in_o brabant_n in_o the_o emperor_n maximilians_n time_n be_v certain_o believe_v to_o be_v fourscore_o year_n old_a what_o be_v report_v of_o the_o age_n of_o eagle_n and_o raven_n although_o it_o exceed_v all_o belief_n yet_o do_v it_o evince_v that_o those_o bird_n be_v very_o long-lived_a our_o people_n say_v albertus_n as_o he_o be_v quote_v by_o 370._o aldrovandus_n have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o pigeon_n live_v twenty_o year_n and_o as_o for_o tame_a pigeon_n say_v aldrovandus_n a_o certain_a person_n worthy_a to_o be_v believe_v and_o not_o unskilful_a in_o natural_a history_n relate_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o his_o father_n who_o be_v much_o delight_v in_o keep_v and_o observe_v pigeon_n and_o other_o bird_n that_o he_o have_v keep_v a_o pigeon_n two_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o that_o it_o breed_v all_o the_o while_n except_o the_o last_o six_o month_n in_o which_o leave_v its_o mate_n it_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o single_a life_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v great_a bird_n even_o the_o very_o small_a bird_n live_v a_o great_a while_n we_o ourselves_o know_v a_o linnet_n keep_v at_o least_o fourteen_o year_n in_o a_o cage_n which_o as_o yet_o show_v no_o year_n sign_n of_o decay_n or_o old_a age_n gesner_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o certain_a kinsman_n of_o his_o write_v to_o he_o concern_v a_o goldfinch_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o goldfinch_n live_v above_o twenty_o year_n for_o at_o mentz_n when_o i_o be_v a_o child_n i_o see_v one_o more_o than_o twenty_o three_o year_n old_a who_o bill_n year_n and_o claw_n be_v cut_v every_o week_n that_o so_o it_o may_v take_v its_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o stand_v in_o its_o place_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o bird_n that_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n live_v at_o large_a in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o use_v their_o natural_a and_o proper_a food_n in_o gather_v of_o which_o they_o also_o exercise_v their_o body_n live_v much_o long_a than_o those_o that_o be_v imprison_v in_o house_n and_o cage_n what_o pliny_n observe_v of_o animal_n to_o wit_n that_o those_o that_o live_v long_o be_v bear_v womb_n long_a in_o the_o womb_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o if_o animal_n of_o different_a kind_n be_v compare_v together_o as_o for_o example_n bird_n with_o beast_n those_o will_v sometime_o be_v find_v to_o be_v most_o vivacious_a which_o be_v bear_v the_o least_o while_n in_o the_o womb_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o bird_n and_o beast_n can_v in_o this_o respect_n be_v compare_v together_o because_o bird_n be_v not_o at_o all_o bear_v in_o the_o womb_n we_o answer_v that_o incubation_n in_o bird_n be_v equivalent_a to_o gestation_n in_o quadruped_n for_o in_o both_o the_o egg_n be_v cherish_v alike_o in_o this_o inward_o in_o the_o womb_n in_o that_o outward_o under_o the_o wing_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v chap._n v._o of_o some_o propriety_n and_o accident_n of_o bird_n viz._n shape_n bigness_n colour_n natural_a instinct_n manner_n etc._n etc._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n be_v short_a broad_a and_o thick_a in_o bird_n than_o in_o quadruped_n bird_n the_o head_n for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n much_o less_o for_o whereas_o bird_n pass_v through_o the_o air_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o ship_n swim_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o trunk_n of_o their_o body_n answer_v to_o the_o hull_n of_o the_o ship_n their_o head_n to_o the_o prow_n which_o also_o for_o its_o similitude_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a rostrum_n the_o beak_n of_o a_o ship_n their_o tail_n to_o the_o rudder_n their_o breast_n to_o the_o keel_n their_o wing_n to_o the_o sail_n and_o oar_n whence_o the_o poet_n elegant_o have_v it_o remigium_fw-la alarm_n the_o row_v of_o the_o wing_n all_o wing_a fowl_n in_o general_n be_v lesser_a than_o quadruped_n that_o be_v the_o great_a in_o that_o cuntur_fw-la kind_n than_o the_o great_a in_o this_o whence_o i_o esteem_v what_o be_v report_v of_o the_o bird_n call_v ruk_n and_o also_o of_o the_o cuntur_fw-la to_o be_v false_a viz._n that_o its_o wing_n spread_v reach_v fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o foot_n that_o its_o bill_n be_v so_o hard_a and_o strong_a that_o it_o will_v pierce_v a_o ox_n hide_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v cover_v with_o black_a and_o white_a feather_n mix_v to_o have_v a_o even_a comb_n or_o crest_n like_o a_o razor_n not_o serrate_v like_o a_o cock_n two_o of_o

body_n between_o the_o very_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o windpipe_n enter_v the_o breastbone_n and_o come_v out_o again_o below_o the_o merrithought_n the_o stomach_n be_v very_o fleshy_a and_o furnish_v with_o thick_a muscle_n above_o the_o stomach_n the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o bag_n thick-set_a and_o as_o it_o be_v granulate_v within_o with_o many_o papillary_a glandule_n excern_v a_o kind_n of_o saliva_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la to_o macerate_v the_o meat_n the_o windpipe_n reflect_v in_o form_n of_o a_o trumpet_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o contrive_v and_o form_v by_o nature_n for_o modulate_v the_o voice_n hence_o what_o the_o ancient_n have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n if_o it_o be_v true_a which_o i_o much_o doubt_v seem_v chief_o to_o agree_v to_o this_o bird_n and_o not_o to_o the_o tame_a swan_n for_o my_o part_n those_o story_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n viz._n that_o those_o bird_n at_o other_o time_n but_o especial_o when_o their_o death_n approach_v do_v with_o a_o most_o sweet_a and_o melodious_a modulation_n of_o their_o voice_n sing_v their_o own_o naenia_n or_o funeral_n song_n seem_v to_o i_o always_o very_o unlikely_a and_o fabulous_a and_o to_o have_v be_v therefore_o not_o undeserved_o explode_v by_o scaliger_n and_o other_o howbeit_o aldrovandus_n weigh_v on_o both_o side_n the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a man_n have_v he_o say_v observe_v they_o to_o be_v equal_a wherefore_o to_o cast_v the_o scale_n and_o establish_v the_o affirmative_a he_o think_v that_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o the_o windpipe_n by_o he_o first_o observe_v be_v of_o weight_n sufficient_a but_o this_o argument_n though_o it_o be_v very_o specious_a and_o plausible_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o conclude_v the_o controversy_n for_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o windpipe_n of_o the_o crane_n the_o like_a ingress_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o breastbone_n and_o reflection_n therein_o or_o a_o more_o remarkable_a one_o yet_o no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o commend_v the_o crane_n for_o sing_v or_o musical_a modulation_n of_o its_o voice_n but_o if_o you_o ask_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n then_o do_v the_o windpipe_n enter_v into_o the_o breastbone_n and_o be_v in_o that_o manner_n reflect_v there_o i_o must_v ingenuous_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o certain_o and_o full_o know_v yet_o may_v there_o be_v other_o reason_n assign_v thereof_o as_o that_o which_o 19_o aldrovand_n allege_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 1._o that_o whereas_o sometime_o for_o almost_o half_a a_o hour_n space_n the_o swan_n continue_v with_o her_o heel_n up_o and_o her_o head_n under_o water_n seek_v and_o gather_v up_o her_o food_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pool_n or_o river_n she_o swim_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o windpipe_n enclose_v in_o the_o breastbone_n may_v supply_v she_o with_o air_n enough_o to_o serve_v she_o all_o that_o while_n so_o the_o use_n of_o it_o will_v be_v to_o be_v a_o store-house_n of_o air_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o dive_v and_o continue_v long_o under_o water_n 2._o this_o kind_n of_o structure_n do_v undoubted_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o increase_v the_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o the_o voice_n for_o that_o the_o wild_a swan_n have_v a_o very_a loud_a and_o shrill_a cry_n and_o which_o may_v be_v hear_v a_o long_a way_n off_o the_o english_a name_n hooper_n impose_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o suppose_v from_o its_o hoop_n and_o hollow_v noise_n do_v import_v hence_o it_o appear_v how_o uncertain_a and_o fallacious_a a_o way_n of_o argue_v it_o be_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o though_o nature_n god_n ordinary_a minister_n always_o act_n for_o some_o end_n yet_o what_o that_o be_v we_o be_v often_o ignorant_a and_o it_o do_v not_o rare_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v far_o different_a from_o what_o we_o fancy_n nay_o we_o may_v be_v deceive_v when_o we_o think_v we_o be_v most_o sure_a and_o imagine_v it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o have_v presume_v wherefore_o i_o make_v more_o account_n of_o the_o testimony_n he_o allege_v as_o of_o frederick_n pendasius_fw-la that_o affirm_v he_o have_v often_o hear_v swan_n sing_v sweet_o in_o the_o lake_n of_o mantua_n as_o he_o be_v row_v up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o boat_n but_o as_o for_o the_o testimony_n of_o george_n braun_n concern_v flock_n of_o swan_n in_o the_o sea_n near_o london_n meeting_n and_o as_o it_o be_v welcome_v the_o fleet_n of_o ship_n return_v home_o with_o loud_a and_o cheerful_a sing_n be_v without_o doubt_n most_o false_a we_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n 13._o olaus_n wormius_n of_o late_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o aldrovand_n and_o the_o report_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o some_o of_o his_o familiar_n and_o scholar_n who_o profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v hear_v their_o music_n there_o be_v say_v he_o in_o my_o family_n a_o very_a honest_a young_a man_n one_o mr._n john_n rostorph_n student_n in_o divinity_n a_o norwegian_a by_o nation_n this_o man_n do_v upon_o his_o credit_n and_o with_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n solemn_o affirm_v that_o himself_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o dronten_a do_v once_o by_o the_o seashore_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n hear_v a_o unusual_a and_o most_o sweet_a murmur_v compose_v of_o most_o pleasant_a whistling_n and_o sound_n which_o when_o as_o he_o know_v not_o whence_o it_o come_v or_o how_o it_o be_v make_v for_o that_o he_o see_v no_o man_n near_o which_o may_v be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o look_v round_o about_o he_o and_o climb_v up_o the_o top_n of_o a_o certain_a promontory_n he_o espy_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o swan_n gather_v together_o in_o a_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o hand_n make_v that_o harmony_n a_o sweet_a than_o which_o in_o all_o his_o life_n time_n he_o have_v never_o hear_v by_o some_o islander_n my_o scholar_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a with_o they_o than_o this_o harmony_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v swan_n this_o i_o therefore_o allege_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o report_n of_o those_o famous_a ancient_a author_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n be_v not_o altogether_o vain_a but_o attest_v and_o prove_v by_o modern_a experiment_n thus_o far_o wormius_n let_v the_o reader_n judge_v whether_o his_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a this_o bird_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v describe_v by_o any_o author_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o goose_n §._o i._o of_o the_o tame_a goose_n it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o swan_n big_a than_o a_o duck_n weigh_v sometime_o when_o fat_v ten_o pound_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o that_o we_o measure_v be_v thirty_o five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n thirty_o seven_o and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n extend_v be_v sixty_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a over_o the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o set_n on_o of_o the_o wing_n seventeen_o inch_n the_o bill_n itself_o from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v two_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o to_o the_o eye_n three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a compound_v of_o eighteen_o feather_n the_o outmost_a the_o short_a the_o rest_n by_o degree_n long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a which_o be_v the_o long_a the_o colour_n in_o these_o as_o in_o other_o tame_a bird_n be_v various_a in_o some_o brown_a in_o some_o grey_a in_o some_o white_a in_o some_o flecked_a or_o particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o brown_a the_o bill_n and_o leg_n in_o young_a one_o be_v yellow_a in_o old_a one_o for_o the_o most_o part_n red_a the_o bill_n be_v thick_a at_o the_o head_n and_o slenderer_n by_o degree_n to_o the_o point_n each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o seven_o quill_n or_o feather_n in_o the_o first_o row_n when_o it_o be_v angry_a it_o hiss_v like_o a_o serpent_n it_o be_v very_o long-lived_a a_o certain_a friend_n of_o we_o of_o undoubted_a fidelity_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n have_v once_o a_o goose_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v eighty_o year_n old_a which_o for_o aught_o he_o know_v may_v have_v live_v the_o other_o eighty_o year_n have_v he_o not_o be_v constrain_v to_o kill_v it_o for_o its_o mischievousness_n in_o beat_v and_o destroy_v the_o young_a goose_n but_o of_o the_o goose_n a_o bird_n so_o well_o know_v in_o all_o nation_n more_o than_o enough_o §._o ii_o the_o common_a wild_a goose_n anser_n ferus_fw-la in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v a_o tame_a goose_n be_v for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o