the_o art_n of_o logic_n plain_o teach_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n according_a to_o the_o best_a approve_a author_n very_o necessary_a for_o all_o student_n in_o any_o profession_n how_o to_o defend_v any_o argument_n against_o all_o subtle_a sophister_n and_o cavil_a schismatic_n and_o how_o to_o confute_v their_o false_a syllogism_n and_o captious_a argument_n by_o m._n blundevile_n london_n print_v by_o william_n stansby_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o matthew_n lownes_n 1617._o to_o the_o reader_n mind_v here_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o art_n of_o logic_n in_o our_o vulgar_a tongue_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o those_o my_o countryman_n that_o be_v not_o learn_v in_o foreign_a tongue_n i_o think_v it_o no_o shame_n nor_o robbery_n to_o borrow_v term_n of_o the_o say_a art_n from_o the_o latin_n aswell_o as_o they_o do_v from_o the_o greek_n and_o special_o such_o term_n as_o can_v be_v apt_o express_v in_o our_o native_a speech_n and_o yet_o therewith_o i_o do_v not_o forget_v plain_o to_o show_v the_o signification_n of_o cuery_n such_o term_n so_o as_o every_o man_n may_v easy_o understand_v what_o each_o term_n signify_v think_v it_o much_o better_a so_o to_o do_v then_o to_o fain_v new_a word_n unproper_a for_o the_o purpose_n as_o some_o of_o late_o have_v do_v and_o as_o my_o mind_n be_v hereby_o to_o please_v the_o unlearned_a that_o be_v desirous_a of_o learning_n have_v both_o good_a wit_n and_o also_o good_a disposition_n with_o aptness_n to_o learn_v so_o my_o hope_n be_v not_o to_o offend_v the_o learned_a who_o i_o be_o sure_o do_v well_o allow_v of_o aristotle_n in_o say_v that_o every_o good_a thing_n the_o more_o common_a it_o be_v the_o better_a it_o be_v neither_o be_v they_o ignorant_a that_o in_o old_a time_n past_a aswell_o the_o greek_n as_o the_o latin_n of_o what_o art_n soever_o they_o write_v each_o one_o write_v the_o same_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o his_o own_o vulgar_a speech_n every_o man_n be_v not_o able_a in_o these_o costly_a day_n to_o find_v either_o himself_o or_o his_o child_n at_o the_o university_n who_o if_o god_n not_o withstand_v have_v endue_v with_o a_o lively_a wit_n and_o make_v he_o so_o apt_a to_o learning_n as_o have_v some_o help_n at_o home_n he_o may_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n attain_v unto_o right_a good_a knowledge_n &_o be_v make_v thereby_o the_o more_o able_a to_o glorify_v god_n and_o to_o profit_v his_o country_n true_o i_o see_v no_o cause_n why_o the_o learned_a shall_v disdain_v or_o be_v miscontent_v that_o such_o man_n or_o child_n shall_v be_v free_o teach_v this_o or_o any_o other_o good_a art_n without_o any_o cost_n or_o charge_n wherefore_o arm_v myself_o with_o assure_a hope_n that_o with_o this_o my_o labour_n i_o shall_v great_o profit_v and_o pleasure_v the_o unlearned_a and_o not_o hinder_v or_o displease_v the_o learned_a i_o will_v bold_o follow_v my_o enterprise_n and_o here_o brief_o show_v the_o order_n of_o my_o say_a work_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n or_o book_n for_o since_o logic_n be_v chief_o occupy_v in_o discuss_v of_o question_n and_o that_o such_o question_n both_o simple_a and_o compound_n do_v spring_n of_o word_n the_o first_o part_n of_o my_o book_n shall_v treat_v of_o word_n show_v which_o be_v simple_a which_o be_v compound_v and_o also_o which_o comprehend_v more_o and_o which_o comprehend_v less_o &_o which_o be_v of_o affinity_n and_o which_o be_v not_o leave_v out_o no_o necessary_a rule_n belong_v thereunto_o that_o be_v teach_v either_o by_o aristotle_n or_o by_o any_o other_o modern_a writer_n second_o because_o all_o simple_a question_n consist_v of_o single_a word_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o definition_n and_o division_n the_o second_o part_n treat_v of_o they_o both_o and_o therewith_o show_v also_o with_o what_o method_n and_o order_n such_o simple_a question_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v three_o because_o all_o compound_n question_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o reason_v or_o argumentation_n and_o that_o every_o kind_n of_o argument_n do_v consist_v of_o proposition_n the_o three_o part_n treat_v of_o a_o proposition_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n belong_v thereunto_o four_o because_o no_o sound_a argument_n can_v be_v make_v to_o prove_v or_o disprove_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o question_n unless_o the_o disputer_n know_v from_o whence_o to_o fetch_v his_o proof_n the_o four_o part_n of_o my_o book_n treat_v of_o all_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o any_o argument_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v and_o the_o five_o part_n treat_v of_o argumentation_n and_o of_o all_o the_o kind_n thereof_o teach_v how_o every_o kind_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v the_o six_o and_o last_o part_n treat_v of_o confutation_n show_v how_o all_o sophistical_a argument_n be_v to_o be_v confute_v a_o postscript_n though_o i_o write_v this_o book_n many_o year_n past_a while_o i_o sojourn_v with_o my_o most_o dear_a brother_n in_o law_n m._n william_n hurnell_n a_o man_n of_o most_o singular_a humanity_n and_o of_o great_a hospitality_n at_o his_o house_n in_o winkborne_n in_o nottinghamshire_n not_o far_o from_o southwell_n yet_o notwithstanding_o upon_o diverse_a necessary_a consideration_n as_o i_o think_v since_o that_o time_n move_v i_o thereunto_o i_o still_o stay_v it_o from_o the_o press_n until_o now_o of_o late_a that_o i_o be_v full_o persuade_v by_o diverse_a of_o my_o learned_a friend_n to_o put_v it_o in_o print_n who_o have_v diligent_o peruse_v the_o same_o and_o like_v my_o plain_a order_n of_o teach_v use_v therein_o think_v it_o a_o most_o necessary_a book_n for_o such_o minister_n as_o have_v not_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o any_o university_n to_o many_o of_o which_o minister_n though_o god_n have_v give_v the_o gift_n of_o utterance_n and_o great_a good_a zeal_n to_o set_v forth_o in_o good_a speech_n the_o true_a christian_a doctrine_n yet_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v to_o deal_v with_o subtle_a sophister_n and_o cavil_v schismatic_n whereof_o in_o these_o day_n the_o more_o be_v the_o pity_n there_o be_v too_o many_o they_o be_v not_o able_a without_o the_o help_n of_o logic_n to_o defend_v the_o truth_n of_o god_n word_n and_o orderly_o to_o confute_v such_o false_a conclusion_n as_o perverse_a schismatic_n and_o heretic_n be_v wont_a to_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o holy_a scripture_n wherefore_o through_o my_o say_a friend_n persuasion_n i_o have_v now_o at_o length_n commit_v my_o say_a book_n to_o the_o press_n pray_v all_o those_o that_o shall_v vouchsafe_v to_o read_v it_o as_o thankful_o to_o accept_v the_o same_o as_o of_o my_o part_n it_o be_v friendly_o offer_v vale._n the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n contain_v in_o these_o six_o book_n of_o logic_n the_o first_o book_n treat_v of_o a_o question_n and_o of_o word_n both_o singular_a and_o universal_a what_o logic_n be_v of_o what_o part_n it_o consist_v and_o whereto_o such_o part_n do_v serve_v which_o be_v the_o two_o chief_a office_n of_o logic_n and_o wherein_o logic_n be_v chief_o occupy_v that_o be_v in_o discuss_v of_o question_n which_o be_v do_v by_o definition_n division_n and_o argumentation_n chap._n 1._o what_o a_o question_n be_v and_o that_o every_o question_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n also_o of_o what_o part_v a_o compound_a question_n consist_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o two_o part_n call_v the_o subject_n and_o the_o predicate_v and_o what_o those_o term_n do_v signify_v because_o all_o question_n do_v consist_v of_o word_n either_o simple_a or_o compound_n in_o this_o chapter_n be_v set_v down_o three_o principal_a division_n of_o word_n first_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o which_o be_v compound_v second_o which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o intention_n and_o which_o be_v of_o the_o second_o intention_n and_o three_o which_o be_v singular_a call_v in_o latin_a individua_fw-la and_o which_o be_v universal_a chap._n 2._o what_o individuum_fw-la be_v and_o all_o the_o four_o kind_n thereof_o that_o be_v individuum_fw-la determinatum_fw-la individuum_fw-la demonstratiwm_fw-la individuum_fw-la vagum_fw-la and_o individuum_fw-la ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o supposition_n chap._n 3._o of_o universal_a word_n whereof_o some_o be_v call_v predicable_n and_o some_o predicament_n and_o first_o of_o the_o five_o predicable_n that_o be_v genus_fw-la species_n differentia_fw-la proprium_fw-la and_o accidens_fw-la and_o how_o every_o one_o be_v divide_v and_o to_o what_o use_v they_o serve_v but_o first_o of_o species_n and_o then_o of_o the_o rest_n chap._n 4._o of_o predication_n and_o of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o ten_o predicament_n in_o general_a which_o be_v these_o substantia_fw-la quantitas_fw-la qualitas_fw-la relatio_fw-la actio_fw-la passio_fw-la vbi_fw-la quando_fw-la situm_fw-la est_fw-la and_o habere_fw-la chap._n 6._o of_o the_o forepredicament_n and_o show_v
my_o old_a friend_n m._n jacomo_n acontio_n tridentino_n have_v write_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n a_o very_a proper_a and_o profitable_a treatise_n and_o therefore_o i_o mind_n here_o to_o deal_v only_o with_o the_o first_o office_n which_o be_v to_o discuss_v and_o to_o discern_v truth_n from_o falsehood_n in_o any_o speech_n or_o question_n that_o be_v propound_v how_o be_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o three_o special_a instrument_n that_o be_v by_o definition_n division_n and_o argumentation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n because_o question_n be_v the_o matter_n wherein_o logic_n be_v chief_o occupy_v we_o will_v speak_v first_o of_o a_o question_n chap._n ii_o of_o a_o question_n and_o of_o certain_a division_n of_o word_n what_o be_v a_o question_n a_o question_n be_v a_o speech_n where_o of_o some_o doubt_n be_v make_v and_o utter_v with_o some_o interrogatory_n as_o how_o what_o or_o whether_o and_o such_o question_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_v which_o call_v you_o simple_a and_o which_o compound_n it_o be_v call_v simple_a when_o the_o question_n consist_v only_o of_o one_o word_n as_o when_o i_o ask_v what_o justice_n be_v or_o what_o fortitude_n be_v and_o such_o like_a and_o be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o define_v and_o divide_v the_o same_o it_o be_v call_v compound_n when_o it_o consist_v of_o many_o word_n join_v together_o by_o rule_n of_o grammar_n to_o make_v some_o perfect_a sentence_n as_o when_o i_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o christian_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o turk_n or_o not_o and_o such_o like_a question_n which_o be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o argue_v and_o reason_v on_o both_o side_n for_o definition_n division_n and_o argumentation_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v the_o three_o especial_a instrument_n whereby_o logic_n find_v out_o the_o truth_n in_o any_o doubtful_a matter_n of_o what_o part_n do_v a_o compound_a question_n consist_v of_o two_o that_o be_v the_o subject_n and_o the_o predicate_v what_o mean_v you_o by_o these_o word_n subject_a and_o predicate_v the_o subject_n be_v the_o word_n or_o sentence_n whereof_o another_o word_n or_o sentence_n call_v the_o predicate_a be_v speak_v as_o when_o i_o say_v man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n here_o this_o word_n man_n be_v the_o subject_n and_o sensible_a body_n be_v the_o predicate_a or_o each_o of_o they_o may_v contain_v many_o word_n as_o this_o to_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n requireâ—…h_v a_o long_a study_n here_o to_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n be_v the_o subject_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o predicate_a how_o shall_v i_o know_v in_o long_a speech_n and_o special_o be_v preposterous_o set_v which_o be_v the_o subject_n and_o which_o be_v the_o predicate_v by_o ask_v this_o question_n who_o or_o what_o for_o that_o which_o answer_v to_o this_o question_n be_v always_o the_o subject_n as_o in_o this_o example_n it_o be_v meet_v to_o learn_v my_o grammar_n perfect_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o my_o logic_n here_o if_o you_o ask_v what_o be_v meet_v you_o shall_v find_v that_o to_o learn_v my_o grammar_n perfect_o be_v the_o subject_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o be_v the_o predicate_a and_o note_v that_o these_o two_o word_n subject_a and_o predicate_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o term_n limit_n or_o extreme_a bound_n of_o a_o proposition_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o sith_o every_o question_n do_v consist_v of_o word_n i_o think_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o show_v how_o word_n be_v divide_v of_o word_n the_o schoolman_n make_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a division_n of_o which_o i_o mind_n here_o to_o recite_v but_o three_o only_a whereof_o the_o first_o be_v this_o of_o word_n some_o be_v simple_a which_o they_o call_v incomplexa_fw-la and_o some_o be_v compound_v which_o they_o call_v complexa_fw-la simple_n or_o single_a word_n be_v such_o as_o be_v sole_a or_o sever_a one_o from_o another_o not_o make_v any_o sentence_n as_o man_n horse_n wolf_n the_o compound_n be_v word_n join_v orderly_o together_o by_o rule_n of_o grammar_n to_o make_v some_o perfect_a sentence_n as_o man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n and_o hereof_o the_o question_n be_v say_v to_o be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o what_o be_v the_o second_o division_n of_o word_n of_o word_n some_o be_v of_o the_o first_o intention_n and_o some_o of_o the_o second_o which_o be_v they_o word_n of_o the_o first_o intention_n be_v those_o whereby_o any_o thing_n be_v signify_v or_o name_v by_o the_o purpose_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o first_o author_n or_o inventor_n thereof_o in_o any_o speech_n or_o language_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v as_o the_o beast_n whereon_o we_o common_o ride_v be_v call_v in_o english_a a_o horse_n in_o latin_a equus_n in_o italian_a cavallo_n in_o french_a cheval_n word_n of_o the_o second_o intention_n be_v term_n of_o art_n as_o a_o noun_n pronoune_n veâ—…be_n or_o participle_n be_v term_n of_o grammar_n likewise_o genus_fw-la species_n proprium_fw-la and_o such_o like_a be_v term_n of_o logic_n what_o be_v the_o three_o division_n of_o word_n of_o word_n some_o be_v call_v individua_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v particular_a or_o rather_o singular_a and_o some_o be_v call_v vniversalia_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v universal_a common_a or_o general_a chap._n iii_o of_o singular_a and_o most_o particular_a word_n call_v individua_fw-la what_o be_v individuum_fw-la individuum_fw-la be_v that_o which_o signify_v but_o one_o thing_n only_o and_o can_v be_v apply_v but_o to_o one_o thing_n only_o as_o this_o name_n john_n or_o robert_n signify_v but_o one_o certain_a man_n and_o not_o many_o how_o many_o kind_n of_o individuum_n be_v there_o four_o that_o be_v individuum_fw-la determinatum_fw-la individuum_fw-la demonstratiwm_fw-la individuum_fw-la vagum_fw-la and_o individuum_fw-la ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la what_o be_v individuum_fw-la determinatum_fw-la individuum_fw-la determinatum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v certain_a or_o determine_v be_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o some_o one_o certain_a thing_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v as_o john_n or_o thomas_n be_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o some_o or_o one_o man_n again_o bucephalus_n be_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o great_a alexander_n his_o horse_n and_o london_n be_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o england_n what_o be_v individuum_fw-la demonstratiwm_fw-la individuum_fw-la demonstratiwm_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o show_v or_o point_v be_v a_o common_a word_n or_o name_n join_v with_o a_o pronoune_n demonstrative_a to_o signify_v some_o one_o certain_a thing_n only_o as_o when_o we_o say_v this_o man_n or_o that_o horse_n and_o individuum_n demonstrative_a be_v more_o ready_a to_o signify_v particular_a thing_n as_o well_o in_o accident_n as_o in_o substance_n then_o be_v individua_fw-la determinata_fw-la for_o this_o or_o that_o and_o such_o like_a pronoun_n do_v point_n out_o a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v with_o the_o finger_n when_o proper_a name_n oftentimes_o do_v fail_v yea_o the_o pronoune_n demonstrative_a be_v of_o such_o force_n as_o be_v join_v to_o the_o most_o general_a word_n that_o be_v make_v it_o individuum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o when_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o most_o especial_a for_o this_o substance_n or_o this_o body_n be_v individuum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o this_o man_n or_o that_o horse_n what_o be_v individuum_fw-la vagum_fw-la individuum_fw-la vagum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v wander_a or_o uncertain_a be_v a_o word_n betoken_v some_o one_o certain_a thing_n but_o not_o certain_o as_o when_o i_o say_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a man_n here_o to_o seek_v you_o by_o this_o speech_n be_v mean_v but_o one_o man_n and_o yet_o uncertain_a who_o it_o be_v and_o therefore_o to_o make_v the_o thing_n more_o certain_a we_o use_v to_o add_v some_o token_n or_o mark_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a man_n which_o be_v halt_v and_o lame_a from_o his_o mother_n womb_n who_o they_o lay_v daily_o before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o temple_n etc._n etc._n and_o note_v that_o like_a as_o we_o do_v use_v individua_fw-la demonstrativa_fw-la &_o determinata_fw-la in_o declare_v thing_n either_o present_a or_o certain_o know_v so_o in_o speak_v of_o thing_n absent_a or_o uncertain_o know_v we_o express_v our_o mind_n oftentimes_o by_o individua_fw-la vaga_fw-la what_o be_v individuum_fw-la ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la individuum_fw-la ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o supposition_n be_v a_o word_n which_o of_o his_o own_o natural_a signification_n be_v common_a and_o universal_a be_v make_v notwithstanding_o by_o supposition_n a_o singular_a word_n and_o to_o signify_v but_o one_o thing_n only_o as_o for_o example_n this_o word_n the_o son_n of_o marie_n be_v a_o common_a term_n and_o yet_o by_o supposition_n be_v
be_v mingle_v with_o concupiscence_n whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n for_o concupiscence_n be_v the_o general_a kind_n of_o all_o lust_n or_o desire_n but_o this_o precept_n seem_v rather_o to_o appertain_v to_o a_o rhetorical_a partition_n than_o a_o dialecticall_a division_n to_o what_o end_n serve_v division_n to_o diverse_a good_a end_n first_o as_o cicero_n say_v it_o help_v greatâ—…y_a to_o teach_v plain_o to_o define_v and_o to_o make_v thing_n that_o be_v compound_v intricate_a or_o confuse_a to_o appear_v simple_a plain_a and_o certain_a second_o by_o divide_v thing_n orderly_o into_o their_o part_n it_o great_o help_v memory_n and_o three_o it_o help_v to_o amplify_v any_o kind_n of_o speech_n and_o to_o make_v it_o more_o copious_a chap._n v._n of_o method_n have_v hitherto_o sufficient_o speak_v of_o word_n both_o singular_a and_o universal_a and_o also_o of_o definition_n and_o division_n which_o be_v the_o two_o chief_a instrument_n whereby_o all_o simple_a question_n be_v 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atleborough_n from_o atleborough_n to_o thetford_n from_o thetford_n to_o newmarket_n from_o newmarket_n to_o barkway_n from_o barkway_n to_o ware_n from_o ware_n to_o london_n what_o be_v method_n resolutive_a it_o be_v that_o whereby_o any_o whole_a thing_n be_v resolve_v into_o his_o part_n or_o when_o we_o proceed_v from_o the_o end_n to_o the_o next_o and_o immediate_a cause_n thereof_o and_o from_o that_o to_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o that_o and_o so_o from_o one_o to_o another_o until_o we_o come_v to_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o and_o most_o remote_a and_o further_a off_o as_o when_o we_o resolve_v a_o syllogism_n into_o his_o proposition_n and_o a_o proposition_n into_o his_o uttermost_a bound_n or_o term_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n and_o the_o predicate_v and_o this_o way_n be_v unlike_a to_o the_o other_o before_o recite_v because_o it_o go_v backward_o as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n if_o you_o will_v teach_v the_o way_n from_o norwich_n to_o london_n by_o 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friend_n accontio_n in_o his_o little_a treatise_n which_o he_o write_v in_o latin_a de_fw-fr methodo_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o which_o book_n i_o think_v it_o not_o out_o of_o purpose_n to_o set_v down_o even_o here_o the_o effect_n of_o accontius_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr methodo_fw-la which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v the_o second_o part_n or_o office_n of_o logic_n for_o the_o first_o office_n of_o logic_n teach_v how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n in_o any_o speech_n but_o method_n teach_v how_o to_o attain_v to_o the_o art_n or_o knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o which_o method_n three_o thing_n as_o he_o say_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o what_o method_n be_v second_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n or_o uttermost_a end_n thereof_o three_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o end_n or_o effect_n method_n be_v a_o certain_a right_a way_n whereby_o we_o may_v search_v out_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o have_v attain_v it_o how_o to_o teach_v the_o same_o commodious_o to_o any_o other_o without_o examine_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a for_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o logic_n the_o effect_n or_o uttermost_a end_n of_o method_n be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o anything_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o end_n be_v these_o three_o form_n matter_n and_o cause_v efficient_a form_n here_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v know_v by_o all_o the_o part_n of_o such_o knowledge_n be_v gather_v together_o as_o it_o be_v into_o oneself_o body_n which_o part_n be_v these_o first_o what_o the_o thing_n be_v second_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o also_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o cause_n even_o to_o the_o last_o or_o uttermost_a cause_n three_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n and_o also_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o effect_n as_o well_o when_o the_o thing_n be_v take_v general_o as_o for_o some_o whole_a thing_n or_o as_o when_o the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o all_o his_o part_n even_o unto_o 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two_o part_n for_o first_o we_o must_v proceed_v always_o from_o the_o most_o general_a kind_n to_o the_o next_o general_a kind_n as_o have_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o you_o seek_v to_o know_v when_o need_n require_v you_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o most_o general_a kind_n of_o all_o that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o high_a general_a kind_n and_o so_o descend_v downward_o until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v define_v but_o if_o you_o have_v to_o begin_v from_o the_o uttermost_a end_n of_o the_o thing_n than_o next_o of_o all_o consider_v that_o from_o whence_o the_o end_n do_v immediate_o spring_n and_o what_o do_v follow_v next_o to_o that_o and_o so_o proceed_v from_o one_o to_o another_o till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o final_o if_o you_o have_v to_o begin_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n than_o you_o must_v orderly_o proceed_v from_o that_o which_o be_v first_o unto_o the_o second_o and_o 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such_o part_n in_o order_n but_o if_o all_o the_o part_n which_o the_o thing_n contain_v have_v not_o oneself_o end_n but_o diverse_a then_o divide_v it_o by_o such_o difference_n as_o every_o part_n may_v have_v his_o proper_a end_n moreover_o if_o the_o form_n matter_n or_o cause_n efficient_a have_v diverse_a respect_n and_o consideration_n than_o according_a to_o that_o diversity_n make_v diverse_a division_n and_o first_o declare_v what_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o part_n in_o general_n and_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o every_o one_o in_o particular_a final_o if_o some_o one_o whole_a thing_n lie_v hide_v than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o look_v into_o some_o of_o the_o particular_a part_n thereof_o and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o chief_a point_n contain_v in_o the_o latin_a treatise_n which_o my_o friend_n aâ—…ontius_n write_v the_o methodo_fw-la and_o though_o that_o petrus_n ramus_n make_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o method_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o proceed_v from_o 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what_o be_v the_o effect_n 7._o seven_o what_o thing_n be_v incident_a or_o appertinent_a unto_o it_o 8._o eight_o what_o thing_n be_v like_a unto_o it_o 9_o and_o ninth_o what_o thing_n be_v contrary_a to_o it_o all_o which_o question_n aristotle_n reduce_v into_o these_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v what_o manner_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v and_o why_o it_o be_v give_v example_n of_o a_o simple_a question_n handle_v according_a to_o the_o nine_o question_n before_o recite_v as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o have_v to_o treat_v of_o virtue_n first_o we_o must_v show_v the_o diverse_a signification_n of_o virtue_n for_o virtue_n signify_v sometime_o power_n and_o ability_n as_o when_o we_o say_v virtue_n attractive_a virtue_n digestive_a or_o virtue_n expulsive_a but_o here_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o moral_a habit_n bring_v forth_o good_a and_o commendable_a action_n second_o whether_o virtue_n be_v or_o not_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o diverse_a do_n of_o man_n whereof_o some_o be_v good_a some_o be_v bad_a three_o what_o virtue_n be_v we_o know_v by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o in_o say_v that_o virtue_n be_v a_o moral_a habit_n incline_v man_n will_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v always_o good_a and_o agreeable_a to_o true_a judgement_n four_o the_o kind_n of_o virtue_n be_v diverse_a as_o prudence_n justice_n temperance_n fortitude_n modesty_n and_o such_o like_a five_o the_o cause_n of_o virtue_n be_v also_o diverse_a for_o the_o cause_n efficient_a thereof_o be_v good_a and_o man_n will_n obedient_a to_o true_a reason_n and_o to_o true_a judgement_n the_o matter_n or_o subject_n of_o virtue_n be_v the_o mind_n or_o heart_n of_o man_n the_o final_a cause_n be_v blessedness_n six_o the_o effect_n of_o virtue_n be_v tranquillity_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o many_o prosperous_a success_n and_o also_o public_a utility_n and_o peace_n seven_o thing_n incident_a to_o virtue_n be_v these_o the_o honour_n praise_n and_o commendation_n of_o good_a man_n eight_o thing_n of_o affinity_n or_o like_a to_o virtue_n be_v all_o good_a inclination_n disposition_n or_o good_a natural_a affection_n as_o to_o be_v love_v kind_a and_o merciful_a nine_o thing_n contrary_a to_o virtue_n be_v all_o manner_n of_o vice_n as_o pride_n covetousness_n hypocrisy_n dissimulation_n etc._n etc._n what_o method_n be_v to_o be_v obsern_v in_o handle_v a_o compound_n question_n a_o compound_n question_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v by_o argue_v and_o reason_v on_o both_o side_n whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o proposition_n without_o the_o which_o no_o argument_n can_v be_v make_v for_o all_o argument_n do_v consist_v of_o proposition_n here_o end_v the_o second_o book_n the_o art_n of_o logic_n the_o three_o book_n chap._n i._n of_o a_o proposition_n what_o be_v a_o proposition_n it_o be_v a_o perfect_a speech_n whereby_o something_o be_v manifest_o declare_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a whereof_o be_v such_o speech_n special_o compound_v of_o noun_n and_o verb_n which_o noun_n will_v be_v of_o the_o nominative_a case_n and_o the_o verb_n of_o the_o indicative_a mood_n as_o when_o i_o say_v man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n for_o the_o logician_n do_v seldom_o allow_v any_o such_o speech_n as_o be_v either_o of_o the_o optative_a imperative_a interrogative_n or_o vocative_n mood_n as_o i_o will_v to_o god_n i_o have_v a_o good_a horse_n this_o speech_n be_v not_o account_v to_o be_v so_o true_a or_o certain_a as_o to_o say_v i_o have_v a_o good_a horse_n of_o how_o many_o part_n do_v a_o proposition_n consist_v of_o three_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o subject_n predicat_fw-la and_o copulat_fw-la what_o be_v the_o copulat_fw-la it_o be_v the_o verb_n substantive_n call_v in_o latin_a sum_n es_fw-mi fui_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v which_o do_v couple_n or_o join_v the_o predicat_fw-la with_o his_o subject_n as_o when_o we_o say_v man_n be_v 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