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A29860 Hydriotaphia, urn-burial, or, A discours of the sepulchral urns lately found in Norfolk together with the Garden of Cyrus, or, The quincuncial lozenge, or network of plantations of the ancients, artificially, naturally, mystically considered : with sundry observations / by Thomas Browne. Browne, Thomas, Sir, 1605-1682. 1669 (1669) Wing B5155; ESTC R35415 73,609 80

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Laurenberg Pet. Hondius in liv Belg. k Of the most worthy Sr Edmund Bacon prime Baronet my true and noble Friend a The rich Mountain of Pern b Q. Calaber lib. 1. c Ammianus Marcellinus Gumbrates King of Chionia a Countrey near Persia * Arnold Montan. Not. in Caes Commentar L. Gyraldus Kirckmannus d 12 Tabul part 1. de Jure sacro Hominem mortuum in urbe nè sepelito néve urito tom 2. Rogum asciâ nè polito tom 4. Item Vigeneri Annotat. in Livium Alex. ab Alex. cum Tiraquello Roscinus cum Dempstero e Ultima prolato subdita flamma rogo Fast lib. 4. cum Car. Neapol anaptyxi f And therefore the Inscription of his Tomb was made accordingly Nic. Damasc g Which Magius reads 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Diodorus Siculus * Ramusius ia Navigat Martialis the Bishop Cyprian h Amos 6. 10. i Sueton. in vita Jul. Caes k As that magnificent sepulchral Monument erected by Simon 1 Macc. 13. 27 c. l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whereof a Jewish Priest had always the custody unto Josephus his days Jos lib. 10. Antiq. * In one sent me by my worthy Friend Dr. Thomas Whitherley of Walsingham a Hominum infinita multitudo est creberrimaque aedificia ferè Gallicis cōsimilia Caes de Bello Gal. l. 5. b In the ground of my worthy Friend Rob. Jegon Esq wherein some things contained were preserved by the most worthy Sir William Paston Bt. c From Castor to Thetford the Romans accounted thirty two miles and from thence observed not our common Road to London but passed by Combretonium ad Ansam Canonium Caesaromagus c. by Bretenhum Goggeshall Chelmsford Burntwood c. d Most at Caster by Yarmouth found in a place called East-blondy-burgh-furlong belonging to Mr. Thomas Wood a person of civility industry and knowledge in this way who hath made observations of remarkable things about him and from whom we have received divers Silver and Copper Coyns e Belonging to that noble Gentleman and true example of worth Sir Ralph Hare Barenet my honoured Friend f A piece of Maud the Empress said to be found in Buckenham Castle with this Inscription Elle n'a elle g At Thorpe h Brampton Abbas Jornallensis i Plut. in vila Lycurg Stow's Survey of London k Exsecrantur rogos damnant ignium scpulturam Min. in Oct. l Sidon Apollinaris m Vigeneri Annot. in 4. Liv. n Chiffler in Anast Childer o Dionis excerpta per Xiphilin in Severo Roisold Brendetiide I ld tiide p Olai Wormii Monumenta Antiquitat Dan. q Adolphus Cyprius in Annal. Selswic Urnis adeò abundabat collis c. r In Oxfordshire Cambden s In Cheshire Twinus de rebus Albionicis t In Norfolk Hollingshead a Matt. 23. 29. b Euripides c Psal 139. 15. d 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dion e Cum lacrymis posuêre * Lazius f About five hundred years Plato g Vinam Opimianum annorum centum Petron. h 12 Tabul l. xi de Jure sacro Néve aurum addito ast quoi auro dentes vincti erunt im cum illo sepelire urere se fraude esto i Plin. l. 16. Inter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 numera Theophrast k Surius l Gorop Becanus in Niloscopio m Of Beringuccio nelta Pyrotechnia n At Elmcham * Sueton. in vita Tib. in Amphitheatro semiustulandum Not. Casaub o Sueton. in vita Domitian p So the most learned and worthy Mr. M. Casaubon upon Antoninus q Sic erimus cuncti c. Ergò dum vivimus vivamus r 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A barbarous Pastime at Feasts when men stood upon a rolling Globe with their Necks in a Rope and a Knife in their hands ready to cut it when the Stone was rolled away wherein if they failed they lost their lives to the Laughter of their Spectators Atheuaeus s Diis Manibus t Bosio v Pausan in Atticis x Lamprid. in vit Alexand. Severi y Trajanus Dion z Plut. in vit Marcelli The Commission of the Gothish King Theodoric for finding out Sepulchral Treasure Cassiodor Var. 1. 4. a Britannia bodie cam attonitè celebrat tantis Ceremoniis ut dedisse Persis videri possit Plin. l. 29. b Topographia Roman ex Martiano Erat vas ustrinum appellatum quòd in co cadavera comburerentur Cap. de Campo Esquilino c To be seen in Licet de reconditis veterum lucernis d Old Bones according to Lyserus Those of young persons not tall nor fat according to Columbus e In vita Gracc. f Thucydides g Laurent Valla. h 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i Speran Alb. ovor k The Brain Hippocrates l Amos 2. 1. m As Artemisia of her Husband Mansolus n Siste viator Kirckmannus de Funer o Of Thomas Marquess of Dorset whose Body being buried 1530 was 1608 upon the cutting open of the Cerecloth found perfect and nothing corrupted the Flesh not hardened but in colour proportion and softness like an ordinary Corps newly to be interred Rurton's Descript of Leicestershire p In his Map of Russia q The Poet Dante in his view of Purgatory found Gluttons so meagre and extenuated that he conceited them to have been in the Siege of Jerusalem and that it was easie to have discovered Homo or Omo in their Faces M being made by the two lines of their Cheeks arching over the Eye-brows to the Nose and their sunk eyes making O O which makes up Omo Parean gliocchiaie anella senza gemme Che nel viso de gli huomini legge huomo Ben havria quivi conosciuto lemme Tirin in Ezek a Rituale Graecum operâ J. Goar in officio Excquiarum b Similis reviviscendi promissa Democrito vanitas qui non revixit ipse Quae malum ista dementia est iterari vitam mortc Plin. l. 7. c. 55. c 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 deinceps d Cedit enim retro de terra quod fuit ante In terram c. Lucret. e Plato in Phaed. f Vale vale vale nos te ordiae quo Natura permittet sequemur g Tu manes ●è laede meos h Russianus c. * Francesco Perucei Pompe funebri i Del Inferno ca●t 4. * Tibullus a Oracula Chaldaica cum Scholiis Pselli Plethonis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vi corpus relinquentium animae purissimae b In the Psalm of Moses c According to the ancient Arithmetick of the Hand wherein the little Finger of the right Hand contracted signified an Hundred Pierius in Hieroglyph * One night as long as three The puzzling Questions or Tiberius unto Grammarians Marcel Donatus in Suet. * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hom. Job e That the world may last but six thousand years f Hector's fame lasting above two lives of Methuselah before that famous Prince was extant g Θ The character of Death h Old ones being taken up and other Bodies laid under them
broken the subject of so entire a Resurrection nor fully answered the Types of Enoch Eliah or Jonah which yet to prevent or restore was of equal facility unto that rising Power able to break the Fasciations and bands of death to get clear out of the Cere-cloth and an hundred pounds of oyntment and out of the Sepulchre before the stone was rolled from it But though they embraced not this practice of Burning yet entertained they many Ceremonies agreeable unto Greek and Roman Obsequies And he that observeth their Funeral-Feasts their Lamentations at the Grave their Musick and weeping Mourners how they closed the eyes of their Friends how they washed anointed and kissed the dead may easily conclude these were not mere Pagan Civilities But whether that mournfall burthen and treble calling our after Absalom had any reference to the last Conclamation and triple Valediction used by other Nations we hold but a wavering conjecture Civilians make Sepulture but of the Law of Nations others do naturally found it and discover it also in Animals They that are so thick-skinned as still to credit the story of the Phoenix may say something for Animal-burning More serious conjectures finde some examples of Sepulture in Elephants Cranes the Sepulchral Cells of Pismires and practice of Bees which civil Society carrieth out their dead and hath Exequies if not Interrments CHAP. II. THE Solemnities Ceremonies Rites of their Cremation or Interrment so solemnly delivered by Authours we shall not disparage our Reader to repeat Onely the last and lasting part in their Urns collected Bones and Ashes we cannot wholly omit or decline that Subject which occasion lately presented in some discovered among us In a Field of old Walsingham not many months past were digged up between forty and fifty Urns deposited in a dry and sandy soil not a yard deep not far from one another not all strictly of one Figure but most answering these described some containing two pounds of Bones distinguishable in Sculls Ribs Jaws Thigh-bones and Teeth with fresh impressions of their Combustion besides the extraneous substances like pieces of small Boxes Combs handsomly wrought Handles of small brass instruments brazen Nippers and in one some kinde of Opale Near the same plot of ground for about six yards compass were digged up Coals and incinerated substances which begat conjecture that this was the Ustrina or place of Burning their Bodies or some Sacrificing-place unto the Manes which was properly below the surface of the ground as the Arae and Altars unto the Gods and Heroes above it That these were the Urns of Romans from the common custome and place where they were found is no obscure Conjecture not far from a Roman Garrison and but five mile from Brancaster set down by ancient Record under the name of Brannodunum and where the adjoyning Town containing seven Parishes in no very different sound but Saxon termination still retains the name of Burnham which being an early Station it is not improbable the neighbour-parts were filled with Habitations either of Romans themselves or Britans Romanized which observed the Roman Customs Nor is it improbable that the Romans early possessed this Country For though we meet not with such strict particulars of these parts before the new Institution of Constantine and military charge of the Count of the Saxon shoar and that about the Saxon Invasions the Dalmatian Horsemen were in the Garrison of Brancaster yet in the time of Claudius Vespasian and Severus we finde no less then three Legions dispersed through the Province of Britain And as high as the Reign of Claudius a great Overthrow was given unto the Iceni by the Roman Lieutenant Ostorius Not long after the Country was so molested that in hope of a better state Prasutagus bequeathed his Kingdom unto Nero and his Daughters and Boadicea his Queen fought the last decisive Battel with Paulinus After which time and the Conquest of Agricola the Lieutenant of Vespasian probable it is they wholly possessed this Countrey ordering it into Garrisons or Habitations best suitable with their securities And so some Roman Habitations not improbable in these parts as high as the time of Vespasian where the Saxons after seated in whose thin-fill'd Maps we yet find the Name of Walsingham Now if the Iceni were but Gammadims Anconians or men that lived in an Angle Wedge or Elbow of Britain according to the original Etymology this Country will challenge the Emphatical appellation as most properly making the Elbow or Iken of Icenia That Britain was notably populous is undeniable from that expression of Caesar That the Romans themselves were early in no small numbers Seventy thousand with their Associats slain by Boadicea affords a sure account And though many Roman Habitations are not known yet some by old Works Rampiers Coyns and Urns do testifie their possessions Some Urns have been found at Castor some also about Southcreeke and not many years past no less then ten in a Field at Buxtone not near any recorded Garrison Nor is it strange to find Roman Coyns of Copper and Silver among us of Vespasian Trajan Adrian Commodus Antoninus Severus c. but the greater number of Diocletian Constantine Constans Valens with many of Victorinus Posthumius Tetricus and the thirty Tyrants in the Reign of Gallienus and some as high as Adrianus have been found about Thetford or Sitomagus mentioned in the Itinerary of Antoninus as the way from Venta or Castor unto London But the most frequent discovery is made at the two Casters by Norwich and Yarmouth at Burgh-castle and Brancaster Besides the Norman Saxon and Danish pieces of Cuthred Canutus William Matilda and others some British Coyns of Gold have been dispersedly found and no small number of Silver-pieces near Norwich with a rude Head upon the Obverse and with an ill-formed Horse on the Reverse with Inscriptions Ic. Duro T. whether implying Iceni Durotriges Tascia or Trinobantes we leave to higher conjecture Vulgar Chronologie will have Norwich-Castle as old as Julius Caesar but his distance from these parts and its Gothick form of Structure abridgeth such Antiquity The British Coyns afford conjecture of early habitation in these parts though the City of Norwich arose from the Ruines of Venta and though perhaps not without some Habitation before was enlarged builded and nominated by the Saxons In what bulk or populositie it stood in the old East-Angle Monarchy Tradition and History are silent Considerable it was in the Danish Irruptions when Sueno burnt Thetford and Norwich and Ulfketel the Governour thereof was able to make some resistence and after endeavoured to burn the Danish Navy HOW the Romans left so many Coyns in Countries of their Conquests seems of hard resolution except we consider how they buried them under ground when upon barbarous Invasions they were fain to desert their Habitations in most part of their Empire and the strictness of their Laws forbad to transfer them to any other