other prouinces to them for theyr suretie Néedes must they appoynte one for another but what manner ones Cyrene and Creta voyde of armies whyche they oure enimies in contempte haue lefte as vnprofitable and by violence haue entred the other whyche wée tooke from them Thus was oure armye putte from oure enimies to Dolabella by deuice and sleighte and exchange of other prouinces for where warre was not there must thinges bée done by lawe This béeyng thus broughte to passe and oure enimies gathering another armye I hadde néede of the same my selfe that was in Macedonia yet wanted occasion to require it When the fame came that the Getes woulde inuade Macedonia whyche not béeyng beléeued espies were sente to vnderstande the truth I decreed that no man ought to aske the Dictatorshippe nor to take it though it were gyuen hym By the whych thyng they béeyng chiefly allured appoynted me the armye and then dyd I thinke my selfe equall with mine enimies not these that be euidente as Octauius thynketh but other moe in number greater in power and not yet appearing When I had done this one of the strikers remayned still hard at our sides Decimus Brutus He béeyng a gouernoure of a greate countrey and a mighty armye verye bolde I deuised to take hys prouince from hym yet wyth a regarde of the Senate promising to delyuer Macedonia voyde of armye The Senate takyng the thyng euill and perceyuing some deuice to bée hadde what and howe greate matter was written to Decimus you knowe and to stirre the Consulles agaynste mée wherefore wyth the more boldenesse dyd I practise to wynne that prouince not by the Senate but by the people and lawe and to haue the armye of Macedonia come to Brundâ—sâ— to vse at all oportunities â–ª and with the Gods help we will vse them as necessitie shall compell vs Thus from muche feare wherein we were at the first we be turned into safetie of them that haue to doe wyth vs and into boldnesse agaynste oure foes whose courage beginnes to shrinke and ours to increase You sée what repentance they make of their decrées and what payne it was to mée to take France gyuen to another man You knowe what they wrote to Decimus and what they persuaded the Consuls agaynste me for that matter but wyth the Gods of oure Countrey wyth dutifull mynde and wyth oure valiante actes by the whyche Caesar was a conqueroure wée wyll reuenge him labouring with our bodyes and counselling wyth oure mynds These thyngs O Souldioure fellowes I woulde haue secrete although howe I haue done them I haue tolde you with whome I will participate all thyngs both in worde and déede the which you may shewe to any other that do not knowe it onely Octauius except who is most vnthankefull to vs. When Antony hadde thus saide it séemed to the Captaynes that he had done all things with great art and policie to deceiue the quellers whome he hated and therefore they were desirous to reconcile them with Caesar once agayne and persuaded them to méete in the Capitoll Not long after Antony did cause some of his gard to be apprehended by his friendes as entised by Octauius to destroy him eyther to discredite Octauius or for that he thoughte it true learning it of such as were sente to hys Campe. He declared this to be done by all coniecture to dispatche hys person whiche matter béeyng quietly heard caused muche adoe and indignation among the people A fewe that were grounded vppon reason were glad that Antony myghte doe Caesar good and also hurte at hys pleasure bycause hée was terrible to the strikers and if hée were once dispatched they myghte wyth the more securitie doe theyr feates bycause the Senate chiefly fauoured them Thus the wyser sorte did thinke but the multitude séeyng that despight and hynderance was dayly offered to Octauius they thoughte it not vnlike to be a calumniation and yet supposed it not good nor honest that Antony beyng Consull shoulde bée in daunger of hys person Octauius Caesar with greate anger and furie wente among them that were of thys opinion and cryed that hée was circumuented of Antony for the frendshyppe that he onely had with the people and ranne to Antonyes house and there he exclaymed and called the Gods to witnesse with all execrations and othes prouoking hym to come to tryall and bycause no bodye came to hym he sayde to hys friendes I am contente to bée iudged by hys owne people And with that he brake in at the dores but béeyng kepte backe he sware and rebuked them that kepte the gates bycause they stopped hym from making further tryall wyth Antony He wente hys way and protested to the people that if any hurte came vnto hym it shoulde come by Antonyes meanes Hauyng spoken this with greate vehemencie it gréeued the people and some of them repented of theyr former opinion Some stoode in doubte and â—usted neyther of them Some thoughte it a dissimulation betwéene them the better to bryng to passe that they had agréed vpon in the Temple againste their enimies and some thought Antonie deuised it to haue a greater garrison about him and to turne mens good will from Octauius Nowe was there secrete intelligence gyuen to hym that the armye at Brunduse and the ordinarie Souldioures were angrye with Antonie bycause he neglected Caesars death and that they woulde reuenge it to their power and that Antonie was gone in hast to Brunduse for this cause Octauius was afrayde least he returning with his armye shoulde finde hym vnprouided He tooke mony and wente to Campania to winne the Cities that were inhabited by such â–ª as had serued his father and first he persuaded Celatia and Silio two Townes about Capua He gaue euerie man fiue hundred drammes and had tenne thousande menne neyther armed nor distributed into due bands and order but only as a gard of his person vnder one ensigne They in the Citie were afrayde of Antonies commyng with his army and when they heard that Octauius was comming with another they were in a double feare and some tooke it well that they mighte vse Octauius against Antony Some that sawe theyr reconciliation in the Capitoll thought it but a dissimulation and a recompence of the one to be in authoritie and the other to persecute the quellers In thys disquietnesse Carnutiw the Tribune enimie to Antony and friende to Octauius wente to knowe the truth whyche béeyng done hée declared to the people that there was playne variance betwéene Antony and Octauius and that it stoode them in hande to make Octauius theyr friende séeyng they had none other armye to resist Antonyes Tyrannie When he had sayde thus he willed Octauius to enter who lay a little withoute the Citie at the Temple of Mars Hée dyd so and came to the Temple of Iupiters chyldren about the whyche the Souloioures stoode with theyr weapons openly Carnutius spake firste against Antony Then Octauius hymselfe reuiued the memorie
sent to gouerne Fraunce after a long time being coÌ„mauÌ„ded by the Senate to giue ouer he aunswered that it was Pompey his enimie leading an army in Italy repining at his authoritie in Fraunce that sought to remoue him not the Senate Yet notwithstaÌ„ding he propounded coÌ„ditions That eyther both of them shoulde reteyne their armyes to anoyde suspition of perill Or that Pompey also should leaue his power and liue a priuate life according to the lawes Obteyning neyther of these he marched out of Fraunce against Pompey and his countrey the which he inuated and hym being fledde he pursued into Thessalie and ouercame him verye victoriously in a valiant battayle whom fléeing from thence hée followed into Egipt where he was slaine of that countrey men And when he hadde tarried and set a stay among the princes of Egipt and ouerthrown his greatest enemy who for his worthynesse in the warres was surnamed Great no man nowe being bolde to do anything against him he returned to Rome and was chosen the second Dictator perpetuall after Sylla Then al sedition ceassed out of hande tyll Brutus and Cassius eyther for enuye of his greatnesse or for zeale of their countrey kylled him in the Senate house being most accepted to the people and most expert in gouernement The people of all other most lamented him required his strykers to be punished they burned his body in the common place where they erected a temple and sacrifised vnto him as to a god Then discord reuued and increased so farre as slaughter bannishmente attendures both of Senate men and Gentlemen followed confusedlye the seditious of both sides séeking to sequester his enemye he cared not howe not sparing friendes nor brethren So muche did deadly desire of debate ouerwhelme al natural friendship and alliaunce Yea they wente so farre as thrée men that is to say Lepidus Antony and he that first was called Octauius who being of Caesars bloud and his son by adoption toke of him the name of Caesar did deuide the Romaine Empire as a priuate possession after the whiche deuision falling soone out as was none other lyke Octauius Caesar excéeding them both in wysedome and experience fyrste berefte Lepidus of Liâ—bia which fell vnto him by lotte and then ouerthrew Antonie at Actio and toke froÌ„ him al the rule he had from syna to the Duke of Iomaâ— after these most mightie actes wherewith all men were amased with hys nauy he wanne Egipt the gretest kingdome and of longest continuance after Alexanders reigne and only lefte to make the Romaine state as it is by the which being yet aliue he was of the people of Rome called Augustus and the firste that so had that title He shewed himselfe to be another Caesar yea more mightie than Caesar was as wel touching the subication of his owne countrey as of all other nations not néeding any election or forme of creation to be a pretence to his doings In continuance of time being setled in his state and in all things happy and beloued he left behind him a succession and a lynage to raigne likewise after him Thus the Common welth of the Romaines after diuerse debates came to vnitie and the rule of one How these things were done I haue written gathering the most notable matter that they that lyste may sée the vnsatiable ambition of men in gréedy desire of kingdome ioyned with intollerable paynes and innumerable kindes of calamities The which I haue the rather takeÌ„ in hand bicause dealing with the Historie of Egipt and al these things going before and ending there I was compelled to make rehersal of theÌ„ For by this occasion was Egipte also conquered when Cleopatra toke parte with Antony Now bycause of the multitude of matters I haue deuided them thus The first shall shewe the thyngs done from Sempronius Gracchus to Cornelius Sylla The seconde shall conteine al the actes from that time vnto the death of Caesar The rest shall declare all the dissention that was betwéene the thrée men one against an other and the Citizens of Rome and them vntill the last and greatest feate of Ciuill force in the whyche Augustus ouercame Antonie and Cleopatra at Actio from the which time the Chronicle of Egipt shal take his beginning ¶ The Historie of Appianus Alexandrinus of the Ciuil dissentions of the Romaines The first booke WHen the Romaines first conquered Italy whych they did by little little they toke part of the land and buylded new Cities or sent of their owne people to inhabite the old that by this meane they might be sure of the countrey The grounde that was tilled eyther they distributed or sold it or let it to ferme to the inhabitants The wast which by reason of the warre was very much not hauing euer leysure to make diuision of it they proclaymed in this sort to them that would manure it For the yearely increase of séede grounde they required the tenth part For the places planted with trées and woode they would haue a fifth part For Cattel eyther great or small they appointed a tribute accordingly Thys they did for the maintenaunce of the Italian nation whom they accounted to be men of best seruice that they might always in the wars haue the vse of that were their owne but it came soone otherwise to passe for the rich meÌ„ hauing got the greater part of the vndeuided lande prosumed vpon long prescription of time that no man would molest them and the poore mens small portions lying nygh them either they boughte for a little by persuasion or they encroched to them by very violence and oppression so as now in steade of Manour places they had as it were whole countries bycause they would not haue their husbandemen called anye time awaye to the warres they bought theyr Hynes and Herdes to laboure the grounds and would not sette their countrymen to any worke at all by reason whereof theyr gaine was incredible as well for the yearely profit of their possessions as for the multitude of encrease of those slaues whyche were neuer called to y warre Thus the great meÌ„ grew excéeding riche and euery place was ful of â—crutle generation but the Italians fel into decaye and wante of men and were also oppressed with pouerty by occasion of their continuall pressing to the war and dayly exactions put vpon them And if at any time they were eased of these they felt a further incoÌ„uenieÌ„ce for where they had no land of their owne the rich meÌ„ being Lords of al and they vsing the labour of bondmen in steade of frée men the Italians were vtterly corrupted with rest ydlenes The people of Rome was much offended herewith bicause they could not haue such seruice of the Italians as they had before and whensoeuer they made any expedition abroade they were not without daunger for the great multitude of bondemen at home they could not tel
he broughte certayne wedges of leade layde ouer with siluer and golde He exhorted him to set vpon his men being without a Captayne easie to be ouerthrowen Caepio was so light of beliefe as he wente with him When Pompedius was nigh the place of embushment he ranne vp to an hill as to ospie the enimie to whome when he had giuen his token they appeared and ouerthrew Caepio and many moe with him The Senate committed the rest of his army to Marius Sextus Caesar marching with thirtie thousand footemen and fiue thousand horses among hilles and rocky streyghtes Marius Ignatiue fell suddaynely vpon him and compassed him in the same He fledde away in a litter bycause he was sicke to a riuer where was but one bridge to passe there he lost the greater part of his armye the other threw away their armoure with whome he hardly escaped to Theano them he armed agayne as well as he could and with an other multitude that came vnto him hand ouer head he approched to Acherre which Papio had beséeged Their Campes lay hard togither yet for feare durst not prouoke one the other Cornelius Sylla and C. Marius did followe valiantly the Marsians that lay against them vnto the hedges of the Uineyardes The Marsians with much adoe gote through the hedges in the whiche Marius and Sylla thought not good to pursue them but Sylla wayting with his Camp on the other side of the Uineyards encountred them as they would haue escaped out and killed manye of them so as the slaughter of that day was aboue sixe thousande and the harnesse that the Romaines tooke was a great deale more By this chaunce the Marsians like madde men were the more fierce and armed themselues againe and went on to prouoke the Romaines who durst not come to hand with them nor begin the fight for they be a nation most warlike and through this chance this only triumph was made of them where before as the saying is neyther was there triumph of them nor without them About the mount of Ealerno Iudacilius Titus Afranius and P. Vētidius togither did ouerthrowe C. Pompeyus and droue him to the Citie of Firmo They wente their way and lefte Afranius to beséege Pompey who armed his men spéedely but woulde not come to fighte yet by the comming of an other army he sente Sulpitius about to be on the backe of Afranius and he came forthe on the face The fight being doubtfull on both sides Sulpitius set the enimies Camp on fire which when they sawe they fledde to Ascoli without order or obedience where Afranius was killed continuing in the fight Pompeyus procéeded to the winning of Ascoli Indacilius was borne at Ascoli and fearing the losse thereof hée tooke eyght compantes and went toward it sending to the Asculians before that as soone as they saw him a farre off they should yssue vppon the enimies that they mighte be assayled on both sides but they would none of it Notwithstanding Iudacilius entred through the Camp with as many as he could and reprooued his Countreymen for vnfaithfulnesse and cowardlinesse but hauing no hope to saue the Citie firste he killed all his auntient enimies then those that of late had caused the multitude to disobey him at this instant That done he prepared a fyre in the Temple and sette a bedde vppon it then he did banquet with hys friendes and after he hadde made merrie with them he dranke off hys poyson and layde hym downe on the strawe and bade them sette it on fyre Thus Iudacilius desyrous to dye honourablie for hys Countrey made hys ende Sextus Caesar the tyme of hys office beyng expyred was made Uiceconsull of the Senate He sette vppon twentie thousande as they remoued theyr Campe and kylled eyghte thousande of them and vnarmed many more lying long at the séege at Ascoli he dyed of a disease and appoynted C. Bebius to serue in his place These were the things done in Italy aboute the Ionian sea The Hetrurians and Vmbrianes on the other syde of Rome hearyng of this they and other Countreys theyr neyghboures were disposed to rebell The Senate béeing afrayde least the enimie being rounde aboute them they shoulde bée vndefended sente garrisons of frée mace menne to all the coast betweene the Citie and Cuma This was the firste tyme that they were admytted to serue in Warre for wante of frée menne Those Italians that remayned in good faith they made frée of the Citie of the whyche all were desirous Thys benefyte they sente also to the Hetrurianes who receyued that fréedome verye friendelye The Senate by thys curtesie made theyr welwyllers the more wyllyng putte them oute of doubte that were in feare and caused the enimie for hope of the lyke to bée the more remisse The Romaines dyd not receyue these newe Citizens into the fuye and thirtie companyes for so manye they were least that they béeyng more than the olde shoulde preuayle in elections but broughte them into newe companyes deuided by tennes whereby they were last in the elections and manye tymes theyr voyces were in vayne bycause the olde fuye and thirtie were firste called and more than halfe Whether thys was not knowen at the firste or that the Italians were contente wyth it afterward◠it was cause of newe contention They aboute the Ienian Sea not hearyng of the Hetrurianes repentaunce sente fifteene thousande menne in ayde to Hetruria with long and laborious iourneys C. Pompeius nowe Consull mette wyth them and kylled fyue thousande of them the rest returnyng home by waylesse places sharpe season of Wynter and by eatyng of Acornes were the halfe destroyed That same Wynter Cato Pompeius fellowe made warre vppon the Marsianes and was slayne Sylla laye in Campe at Mount Pompey L. Ignatius wyth greate despyghte encamped wythin halfe a myle of hym Sylla coulde not abyde thys contumelie but sette vppon hym not tarrying for hys forragiers and was dryuen to flée but when hys forragiers were come he sette vppon hym agayne and putte hym to flyghte Hée then Camped farther off hauing a supplye of Frenchmen He agayne placed hys Campe neere to Sylla The armyes beeyng thus nygh togither a Frenchman of mightye stature came forthe alone and challenged anye of the Romaynes to fyghte wyth hym a little Marusian aunswered hym and kylled hym wyth the whyche the Frenehmenne were so discouraged as they fledde theyr way whereby the Campe béeyng troubled no companye of Cluentuis woulde tarrie but wyth consusion fledde to Nola. Sylla pursued and kylled thirtie thousande in the chase And whereas the Nolanes receyued them but at one gate for feare the enimie shoulde also enter he slewe aboute the walles twentye thousande among whome Cluentius mansullye fyghting was also slayne Sylla wente agaynste the Hirpinianes and beséeged A Equilan◠They looking for the Lucanes ayde that daye desired respite to consider hee perceyuing theyr crafte gaue them
fell into his lappe whiche the Southsayers did shewe that he shoulde seauen times haue the greatest honor The Magistrates of Minturna remembring this and thinking the Frenchman was feared by Gods operation they conueyd Marius out of their Citie to saue himselfe as well as he could He knowing that he was sought for of Sylla and followed of the Horsemen went toward the Sea by vnbeateÌ„ wayes and chansing vpon a Cotage stayed there and couered hys body with leaues he hearde a noyse and lay still couered wyth hys leaues but hearing it more and more he lept into an old Fishermans bote and tooke it away spight of his téeth a tempest arose and he cutte the Cable and hoysted the saile and committed himselfe to fortune and so he came to an Iland where he founde a Shippe of his friendes with whome he sayled into Lybia but béeing reiected from thence by Sextus the Presidente as an enimie he liued all that Winter in the Sea vnder the Mountaynes of Numidia Being thus againe a seaborde and knowen of hys friends there sayled to him Câ—â—â—egus Granius Albenâ—uanus Lectorius and others and his sonne all the whiche being valiant men fledde from Rome â–ª to a Numidian Prince and being afrayde of Treason departed from thence These had good will to set vpon Sylla whome they thought violently to vse their Countrey but lacking army they tarried till occasion might serue Sylla béeyng the first that euer entred the Citie with armes and able to haue made himselfe in Rome equall with a Monarch after he was aâ—enged of his enimie he did willingly refrayne from violeÌ„ce He sent his army to Capua and ruled agayne as a Consull The faction of the banished chiefly the riche menne and women that were full of money being deliuered of feare of the army were earnest for the returne of their men and omitted neyther care nor cost laying wayte for the Consulles bodyes bycause if they were well their matter were dashed Nowe when Sylla â–ª shoulde â—eaue his office the army that was appoynted him against Mithridates should be his defence Pompey the other Consull the people pitying his case appoynted him the gouernemente of Italy with the army that was vnder C. Pompeius â–ª When Cneus heard of this he tooke it euill yet he receyued Quintus into the Campe who the next day doing his office Cneus wente aside as a priuate man till a number pretending to heare the Consull enclosed him and killed him other fleeing away Cneus returned as though he had bin maruellous angry that the Consul should be so vnlawfully slayne but angry as he was he straight tooke the rule vppon him agayne When the newes of the Consuls deathe was brought to the Citie Sylla was afrayd of himselfe and strayght carried his friendes with him wheresoeuer he wente and in the night had them about him also and so not tarrying loÌ„g he went to Capua to his army and froÌ„ thence sayled into Asia The frieÌ„ds of the fledde men had great confidence in Cinna that was Consul after Sylla and stirred the new Citizens to the deuises of Marius and thought it méete that they shoulde be mixt with the olde companies least being last of all their roomes shoulde be lost This was the plat for Marius and his friends returne The olde Citizens stoode stiffely against it Cinna stoode with the newe Citizens corrupted as it is thought with thrée hundred Talentes Octauius the other Consull defended the olde Cinna his companie closely armed tooke the coÌ„mon place cryed to be mixed with y coÌ„panies The other inultitude better minded resorted to Octauius with their weapons also to whome tarrying at home to take aduisement wâ—â—â—e was brought y the most part of y Tribunes did resist these doings that there was a tumult of the new CitizeÌ„s with weapons drawne in the way againste the Tribunes of y contrary side rushing into the coÌ„mon place When Octanius heard of this he weÌ„t the way called Holy with a great coÌ„pany throÌ„ging through y middest of y coÌ„trary side gote y coÌ„monplace stayed theÌ„ WheÌ„ he had thus afraide theÌ„ he went into y TeÌ„ple of Iupiters childreÌ„ to auoide Cinna but they that were with him without any commaundement ranne vppon the newe Citizens and killed manye of them and chaced the other fléeyng to the Gates Cinna hauyng hys trust in the newe Citizens and thinking to haue done all by force and now contrarie to his opinion séeing the boldnesse of a few to haue ouercome he went aboute the Citie and called slaues to libertie but when none came he ranne to the nexte Cities whiche not long before were made frée of Rome that is â—ibur Preneste and other as farre as Nola and stirred them to sedition and gathered money for the warre Cinna being thus occupyed and deuising some Senators of his minde fledde vnto him as C. Melonius Quintus Sertorius and the other C. Marius The Senate did decrée that Cinna should no more be taken as Consull nor Citizen bycause being Consull he left the Citie in tumulte and called bondmen to libertie and in his place they appoynted Lucius Merula Iupiters Prieste They saye that this holye Prieste only mighte euer weare the wand of his hatte alway where as other might not do it but in sacrifices only Cinna went to Capua where was an other armye of the Romaines He did make sute to the Rulers of it and to as many Senators as were there He went in the middest as Consull He threwe away his maces and like a priuate man wepte and sayde Of you O Citizens receyued I this dignitie the people gaue it me and the Senate haue taken it from me without you and as I suffer in mine owne cause so am I gréeued for your sakes why should we now desire fauoure at the companies in our elections What néede haue we of you how shal you be any longer Lords of elections of assemblies or of chiefe officers if you can not mainteyne that you haue giuen and take away when you sée cause When he had spoken thus to stirre them and lamenting muche his owne cause he rente his garment and ranne from the Chaire and fell flatte among theÌ„ and still lay downe till they for pities sake tooke him vp and set him againe in his Chaire and tooke him the bundelles of authoritie and bade him hope well as became a Consull and to vse them as occasion should require The officers of the Campe by this meane did relent and sware to Cinna the oth of a Souldiour and so did all the rest This done he wente boldly to the confederate â–ª Cities and stirred them as for whose sakes he suffered this calamitie They reléeued him with money many of the other great men of the Citie came vnto him whiche did not like the quiet state of the common wealth Thus Cinna did Octauius and Merula the Consuls fortifyed the Citie with rampiers and
Vintner sente one straighte to Marius and opened the matter whereof hée was so glad as he mynded to haue gone and kylled hym hymselfe but béeyng stayed of his friendes a Captayne of a bande was appoynted to it who sente hys Souldyoures into the house whome Antonius béeyng so singulare an Orator dyd deteyne wyth swéete spéeches dyuers wayes mouyng them to pitie The Captayne maruellyng at the matter wente into the house and founde them attentiuely hearkenyng to hys tale wherefore hymselfe kylled hym as he was yet eloquente in speakyng and sente hys head to Marius Cornutus lying hydde in a Cotage hys menne carefullye kepte hym They founde a dead bodye whyche they threwe into a fyre that they hadde made and when the searchers came they sayde it was theyr maisters bodye whome they hadde fyrste strangled Thus was hée saued by hys Seruauntes Q. Ancharius wayted when Marius shoulde make Sacrifice in the Capitoll trustyng in the tyme of Sacrifice to fynde hym the more mercifull When he hadde begunne the Sacrifice and sawe Ancharius commyng vnto him he commaunded hym to be killed there so hys head Antonius and other Consulles and Senatours were sette vp in the common place None of theyr bodies thus slayne were thoughte worthye to bée buried but the carcasses of so many noble men were throwne downe to be deuoured of Dogges and Foule Many other horrible actes were done vpon them expulsion from their possessions publication of their goodes depriuatioÌ„ of their dignities reuocation of all things that Sylla had done whose friends and kinsfolke were killed his house pulled downe his goods conflscate and he proclaymed enemie to his countrie his wife and his daughter with great daunger escayed finally there was all sortes of miâ—eries and mischiefe that could be inuented and for a shewe of law and authoritie after so many murders without law accusings were broughte in againste Merula Iupiters priest for anger of his office whiche he tooke without any displeasure to Cinna and against Catulus Luctatius who was felow with Marius in the warre agaynst the Gimbrians and once saued by Marius but now thought vnthankfull for that he was sore agaynst him after he was banished They were kept in close pryson till the court day and then called to iudgement where they must be foure times cited by certen distaunce of houres Merula in the meane time cut hys vaynes and by a wryting made by him did testifie that he had layde of his priestly attyre when he cut his vaynes for it was not lawfull for a Priest to die with that vpon him Catulus choked himself in a chamber new made and moysty with a smoke and thus they two died The bondmen that came to Cinna by proclamation were al made frée and seruyng him as Soldiours they did not onely runne aboute and spoyle euery house but also slew whome soeuer they mette not sparyng their olde maysters Cinna many times did monishe theÌ„ but they were neuer the better wherefore in the night when they were at rest he sent the French bandes and killed them euery one Thus these flaues receyued worthy punishment for theyr vnfaithfulnesse agaynst their maysters The yeare folowyng Cinna the seconde tyme and Marius the vij tyme were chosen Consuls to whom after his banishment and proclamation that any man might kill him the token of seuen Egles appeared agayne vnto him He being bent to all extremitie agaynst Sylla died the firste ikoneth of his seueÌ„th CoÌ„sulship Cinna tooke Valerius Flaccus in hys place and sente him into Asia who beyng dead also he chose Carbo to be his felow in office Sylla thynkyng long to returne agaynst hys enimies made shorte ende with Mithridates and as wée haue sayde before in thrée yeares and them not complete he destroyed one hundred and thréescore thousande menne He restored to the Romaine Empyre Graecia Macedonia Asia and Ionia with other nations that Mithridates had oppressed Hée tooke from hym hys nauie shutte hym within the compasse of his Fathers kyngdome hée returned with an arinie mightie obedient experte and coragiâ—us in theyr doyngs paste he brought also a multitude of shippes money and furniture of all thyngs fitte whereby hée was feared of hys enimies Cinna and Carbo beyng perplexed sente diuerse ouer all Italâ—â— to prouide money menne and victuall the ryche menus with theyr substaunce they made sure the Citties they styrred especially the newe made Citizens as for whose sake they were now in daunger They prepared a nauy with great spéede they called home the shippes of Cicelie they kepte the coaste sure omitted nothing that might be done with spéedy care and diligence Sylla with haughty harte wrote to the Senate of himselfe shewyng what hée had done in Lybia when he was Treasourer agaynst Iugurth kyng of Numidia what agaynst the Cimbrians what in Cicelie when he was Admirall and what in the felowes warre when he was Consull but the late affayres done agaynst Mithridates he chiefly extolled rehearsing at large the infinite sorte of nations that he had taken from hym and made subiecte to the Romaynes notwithstandyng all the whiche bycause hée had receyued certayne afficted Gentlemen of Rome banished by Cinna and comforted them in calamitie hée was of hys enimies proclaymed rebell to hys countrey hys house was pulled downe hys friendes were slayne his wyfe and chyldren coulde scarcely saue themselues and flée vnto hym But nowe he woulde come and be auâ—nged of them and the whole Cittie for theyr doyngs as for the other Citizens and them that were newe made he woulde not blame any of them These letters being redde euery man was afrayd they sent Embassadours to treate of attenement with his aduersaries and if he requyred any assuraunce that the Senate woulde fulfill it and commaunded Cinnas his officers to leaue gathering of meÌ„ till Syllas aunswere were heard They promised so to do but when the Embassadors were gone they made themselues Consuls for the nexte yeare bycause they woulde not returne of the suddayne for the elections and wente aboute Italy gathering men whiche they sente into Lyburnia as they were ready there intending to sette vpon Sylla The firste that wente had prosperous iourney the nexte were beaten with tempest so as when they came to lande they returned euery man to theyr Countrey as though they woulde not willingly serue agaynste the Citizens The other hearing of thys refused to sayle into Lyburnia Cinna was displeased and warned them to assemble mynding to compell them they with anger wente thynking to be reuenged One of the Sergeantes makyng way for Cinna and hitting one of the Souldyers ouer the legges an other of the army stroke the Sergeant agayne Cinna commaunding him to be taken they all made a great shoute and fell to throwing of stones They that were next him drew their swordes and kylled him Thus Cinna being Consul was murthered Carbo called froÌ„ Lyburnia them that sayled thither
and being afraid of these doings woulde not returne to Rome albeit y Tribunes did earnestly require him to come to y election of a new fellow in office at leÌ„gth threatning him y they would make him priuate he came propounded the electioÌ„ of a new Consul The day being vnlucky hée appointed an other That daye also lightnings falling vpon the Temple of the Mone Goddesse of Corne y maisters of Ceremonies did differre y election till after y standing high of the Sommer Sunne so Carbo was CoÌ„sul alone In the meane tune Sylla made this answere to theÌ„ that came to him froÌ„ the Senate that he could not be friend to them that had dealte so outragiously by him but with the Citie that desired his preseruation he had no quarrell yet he said they should be most sure that would trust to him whome to defend he had a welwilling armye By thys woâ—de it was chiefly vnderstanded that he woulde not dissolue his army but intended to play the Tyrante He requyred hys dignitie hys substance his Priesthode and anye other office he had to be restored vnto him without exception and with the Embassadoures he sente certayne of his to require the same â—he whiche hearing that Cinna was slayne and the Citie troubled returned from Brunduse to Sylla doing nothing then Sylla with fiue Legiones of Italyans syxe thousand Horse and certaine other of Pelopâ—neso and Macedonia marched hauing in the whole fortie thousande from Pireo to Patra and from Patra to Brunduse with xvj hundreth Shippes The Brundusianes receyued him willingly wherfore he gaue them priuiledges which they yet holde From thence he remoued his army and went forward Mesellus surnamed the duetifull that was lefte to finishe the fellowes warre and for Cinna and Marius came not into the citie but remayned in Liguria to sée what would happe came vnto him â—ncalled as fellow in the warre and he accepted his societie as yet Proconâ—ull for they that be once chosen do continue till they returne to Rome After Metellus Câ— Pompeius that not long after was called greate sonne to him that was killed with the lightnyng as we sayde before came vnto him with a legion of the Picenes who for the glory of his father mighte doe muche with that people and to auoyde suspition â–ª not thought to be Syllas friende and shortly after brought twoo legions more and was the moste forwarde man in the aâ—auncement of Sylla wherfore Sylla had him in greate honour and as they say would onely rise to him when he came though he was but very yong and this warre ceasing he sente him into Lybia to breake Carbos friendes there and to restore Hiempsall whome the Numidians had expulsed for the whiche Sylla graunted him to triumph of the Numidians beyng yet yong and but a gentleman By this meane Pompey growyng greate he was sente into Spayne agaynste Sertorius and after into Pâ—ntus agaynst Methridates Cethegus also came to Sylla that was his most earnest enimie with Cinna and Marius and with them put out of the Citie He humbled himselfe vnto him and promised to do what seruice he woulde haue hym Thus hauing a very greate army and many noble friendes hée vsed them as Lieutenants but he and Metellus were yet Proconsuls and had the highest place for it was thought that Sylla being Proconsul in the warre against Mithridates was not yet discharged of it though he were iudged a Rebell of Marius The haâ—e he bare to his enimies was gréeuous and close who being in the Citie and well coniecturing of his nature by his last inuasion thereof hauing the taking of the same yet in their eyes and their decrées made against him still in memorie his house ouerthroweÌ„ in their sight his goodes conâ—â—â—cated his friends killed and his familie hardly escaped were in maruellous feare and thinking no meane to be betwéene victorie and vtter destruction did with feare conspire with the Consuls against him They sente aboute Italy they gathered men and money leauing off nothing in thys extremitie eyther of foreâ—ight or diligence Caius Norbanus Lucius Scipio both Consuls and with them Carbo who the yeare before was in authoritie hauing all like hate againste Sylla with feare conscience of that they had done against him more than other gathered in the Citie as great an army as they could and an other out of Italy and went seuerally againste Sylla with two hundred bands of fiftie men at the firste but after with more than these for the fauor of most men enclyned towarde the Consuls for the doings of Sylla comming againste his countrey had the shewe of an enimie but that the Consuls and their friends dyd had a pretence of the state The common sorte knowing their former offences ioyned with them as partakers of their dread for they perceiued certainly that Sylla did not minde the correction afraying or punishment of a fewe but the destruction slaughter and vtter vndoing generally of all whiche opinion was not vayne for this warre consumed all in the which tenne thousand tweÌ„tie thousand did many times fall in one fight and about the Citie fiftie thousande of both sides was slayne and to the rest Sylla lefte no kinde of crueltie vndone neyther to priuate men nor to whole Cities till he had made himselfe a Monarke of the Romaine Empire and brought all to his will and pleasure All this was as it were by inspiration shewed before vnto them for fearefull things againste reason did vexe all men priuately and publikely ouer all Italy and the olde prophestes most fearefull were called to memorie and menye Monsters were dayly séene A Mâ—le did bring forthe A Woman deliuered a Uiper for a child God with earthquakes shaked the Citie and ouerthrewe many Temples and that that most gréeued the Romaines the Capitoll that before from the Kings had continued foure hundred yeares was sette a fyre and no man coulde tell the cause all the which did foreshew the multitude of men to be killed the ouerthrowe of Italy the Captiuitie of Rome and hir Citizens and the change of the common wealth This warre beganne when Sylla arriued at Brunduse the CLXXIIII Olympiad The length of it is not so great as the sharpnesse of the extremities euerye man his priuate meanes was followed bycause the vehemencie of their affections caused in short time the more and sharper effects to followe Thrée yeares it continued in Italy till Sylla gote the principalitie In Spayne it continued longer but the battayles the skirmishes the expugation of fortes the séeges and all the formes of warres in Italy both of the whole armies and of part of them by their seuerall Captaynes were many and al notable The greatest and most worthy of the whiche to speake brieflie were these The first was at Canutium by the Proconsuls against Norbanum where Norbanus lost vj. M. men and Sylla lxx
roddes and the axes he layd away The gard of his person he remoued and weÌ„t alone with his friends in the middest of the people the multitude beholding and amazed at the thing Only once as he went home a yong man reuiled him and bycause no man did forbid him hée tooke courage to giue him euill laÌ„guage til he came to his house so as he that before was so furious against the greatest men and Cities could now patiently suffer this yong man only thus hée said entring his house either by natural reason or by a diuinatioÌ„ of things to come This yong man will be the let that an other man hauing such authoritie wil not so giue it ouer which thing shortly after happened to that Romaines for Caius Caesar would not so leaue his power Surely Sylla appeareth to be in al things vehement from a priuate man to make himselfe a Tyrant and from that to be a priuate man againe This done he gaue himselfe to quietnesse of y Countrey went to Cuma a Citie of Italy to hys owne lands leading a quiet life at the sea side and sometime huÌ„ting in the field not for any misliking of the priuate life in the citie nor for want of power to enterprise any thing that he would for for his age he was in good strength and of body very â—ound About Italy he had an hundred and twenty thousande men that lately warred vnder him which had receiued great gifts much land of him and in the citie there were tenne thousand of Cornelians and other multitudes of his factioÌ„s al frieÌ„ds faithful to him and feareful to other all the which had their whole trust in him of that they had done in him reposed the suretie of all they had NotwithstaÌ„ding all this as I thinke he was wéery of war wéery of dominion wéery of the Citie therfore sought a vacation as it were and quietnesse in the Countrey After this the Romaines being deliuered of tirannie fel again to sedition for wheÌ„ they had created Caius Catulus one of Syllas faction and Lepidus Emilius of the contrary Consuls enimies one to another and readie to contend by and by it was certaine that a new inconuenience would take beginning of these â–ª They saye that whiles Sylla lay in the Countrey he had a vision that a God called him the which in the morning he told to his friends with greate spéede made his testament which being signed that day in the euening a fitte tooke him and in the night he dyed of the age of lx yeares a maÌ„ in all things most happy to his end as he was surnamed so was he fortunate in déede if he be happy that can do what hée liâ—t And there was a contention in Rome about him some would haue his body brought with great pomp through Italy to Rome ther in the common place to be honored with publike funeral Lepidus and his friendes were against it but Catulus and other of Syllas side preuailed So his body was brought through Italy in a litter of gold in royal maner numbers of musitians horsemeÌ„ and other armed multitude followed Al his Captaines LieutenaÌ„ts that had serued vnder him came to this poâ—p froÌ„ euery place in armour and as they came so were they set in order Other multitudes also repaired as neuer had bin seene at any businesse The ensignes and axes that he vsed in his dignitie were borne before and when he was broughte into the Citie greate honor and excéeding shewe didde encrease Two thousande Crownes of Golde and more were of purpose made and presented The gifts of Cities of Legions that had serued him and of euery priuate friend were deliuered other ornameÌ„ts were added to his funeral the sumptuousnesse whereof no man can expresse His body being brought in with the army the religious people both holy men and sacred Virgines did receyue and beare by course the Senate and Magistrates with all their tokens of office did the like the troupes of Horsemen the bands of footemen deuided in order did attende seuerall beneuolence was shewed bringing banners of golde wearing harnesse of siluer which yet be vsed in triumphes There was a great nuÌ„ber of Trumpets which in order did sound an heauie noyse The Senate praysed him first then the Gentlemen after the army and all the people whereof some desired his life some that feared him and his army did now no lesse maruell about his dead body for remeÌ„bring in their minds the noble â—â—ates he had done and the maner of his death they could not but be astonished confessing him to be of al other though their enimie the most happie man so as being dead he was dreadfull vnto them Being brought into the common place before the Tribunall where Orations were wonte to be made the most eloquente man that then was aliue made the funerall Oration bycause Faustus his sonne was yet vnder age The noblest of the Senate did take the litter and beare it into the fielde of Mars where none was wonte to be buryed but Kings The Horsemen and the army marched aboute the fyre whiles his body was consumed This was the end of Silla The Consuls going from the funerall did contende wyth wordes and spitefull spéeche intending betwéene them to make diuision of the rule that belonged to the Citie Lepidus to flatter the Italians required they might be restored to the lands that Silla had taken from them The Senate fearing this falling out did bind them both by oth that they shoulde not contende by armes Lepidus being appointed by lotte to the prouince of France beyond the Alpes did not returne to the election bycause he intended the next yeare to make warre vpon Sillas faction without respect of his oth for it séemed he had fulfilled hys promise in kéeping of it during his office This his purpose not being secreate the Senate sent for him He not ignorant why he was called came with al hys army as though he would haue entred Rome therewith but beyng forbidden he proclaymed warre by a Trumpet Catulus of the other side did the like Not long after making a battel in the field of Mars Lepidus was ouercome and without any great chace he fled into Sardinia where beeyng vexed wyth a consuming disease he dyed Hys armye disturbed in sundry partes was dissolued the greatest part of it Perpenna led into Spaine to Sertorius The laste worke left to Sylla was thys warre of Sertorius continuyng eyght yeares with difficultie not as Romaines agaynste Spaniardes but as one with another againste Sertorius who ruled in Iberia He when Carbo and Sylla were at warre tooke the Citie of Suessa by composition as we haue said and fled from thence to his office leading wyth hym an armye of Italians and gathered more of the Celtiberians wyth whome hee expulsed the officers that were there for Sylla who
declared Consul and requested of the Senate a little longer tyme for hys office in Fraunce or at the least for parte of it But Marcellus that was Consull after Pompey was agaynst it the whiche when it was tolde Caesar be layde hys hande vpon the hilte of his sworde as they say and answeared Then thus shall gyue it me Hes buylded newe Como night vnto the Alpes with the priuiledges of Italie whiche is that so many as be officers a yéere shall be Cittizens of Rome whiche was a greate prerogatiue to Italie One of newe Como that had thus borne office and thereby thought to be frée at Rome Marcellus in despight of Caesar did beate with roddes whiche the Romaines doe not suffer formo cause and in rage he bewraying his harte bad him take this token of hospitalitie and goe shewe it to Caesar This spight vsed Marcellus and perswaded to sende successours to his prouinces before the time expyred But Pompey was agaynst that vnder a shewe of conueniencie and beneuolence that it was not méete that so noble a man so many wayes profitable to hys Countrey shoulde be thus maligned for so shorte a tyme and decréed that with tyme Caesar shoulde gyue ouer hys rule After this Caesars chiefe enimies were chosen Consuls Aemilius Paulus and Calidius Marcellus cousin to the former Marcellus Curio an other greate enimie of Caesar was elected Tribune well beloued of the people a great speaker Caesar coulde not winne Claudius for no money but Paulus he made hys friende with an hundered and fiftye talentes that he shoulde neyther doe wyth hym nor against hym it coste him more to win Curio bycause he was so muche in debt Wyth this money Paulus builded a publique place called Paulus Palaice one of the fayre workes of Rome Curio that he shoulde not be discouered by change of the sodaine required the office of making and pauing of many and long high wayes and to be ouerséer of the same fiue yeares togither knowing he should obtaine none of these and trusting that Pompeys friends would speake against him so haue some pretence against PoÌ„pey which things coÌ„ming to passe indéed as he thought he had an occasioÌ„ of offeÌ„ce Claudius propounded to send successours to Caesars prouinces for the time was now at hand Paulus said nothing Curio seeming to disseÌ„t froÌ„ both praised Claudius opinion as agréeing to it said it was meete that Pompey shoulde giue ouer both prouince and armye as well as Caesar for so should the state of the Citie bée cleare and out of feare on bothe sides Many being against this as not right bicause Pompeys time was not yet expired Curio theÌ„ shewed himselfe plainely and sharply that it was not reason to sende successours to Caesar vnlesse Pompey did giue ouer for being suspitious the one of the other the Citie shoulde neuer haue sure peace vnlesse all men were priuate Thus he spake bicause he knewe that Pompey would not leaue his power and bycause he saw them offended with him for hys iudgementes of corruption Thys opinion beyng honest the people praysed Curio as the only man that for the common weale cared for neyther of their displeasure and they brought him home casting floures as vpon a champion of a great and difficult cause For at that tyme nothyng séemed more daungerous than to dissent from Pompey who passing about Italy somewhat sickely subtitlye sente vnto the Senate praysing Caesars actes and rehearsing his owne froÌ„ the beginning and that the thirde Consulshippe being giuen hym and prouinces with an army accordingly he did not séeke it but was called to it beyng thought méete for the redresse of the common wealth and that I quoth he receiued vnwillingly I doe willingly giue ouer to them that will haue it before my time prefixed The manner of this writing wrought a good lyking to Pompey and a misliking to Caesar that woulde not giue ouer when his time was ended When Pompey was come to the Citie he spake as muche in effect and then promised to giue it ouer and as a friend and welwiller to Caesar toke in hand that hée also would leaue with glad mind For now being in yeares and hauing taken greate paines in the armies againste most fierce nations and wonne great honor to his Countrey he would séeke rest with the offices and sacrifices of the Citie Thus he spake that successours might be straight sent to Caesar and he standing vpon his promise only But Curio correcting his sutteltie sayd it was not ynough to promise but to giue ouer in déede nor that Caesar shoulde be put from his armye before he were in priuate state neyther shoulde it be commodious for him to mainteyne priuate eâ—mitie neyther for the Romaines that suche a power shoulde be with one rather than with the other that if eyther of them woulde hurt the Citie the other shoulde haue to resist and nowe holding in no longer he openly reprooued Pompey as a séeker of tyrannie and if it were not nowe that he gaue ouer hys army for feare of Caesar he would not giue it ouer at all therfore he thought good that if they disobeyed they should both be declared enimies and an army gathered against them by this talke be couered that he was corrupted by Caesar Pompey being gréeued and threatning went angerly away into the suburbes The Senate now had them both suspected but thought Pompey the more tractable Caesar they misliked bycause of their suspition in his Consulship and therefore did not thinke it safe to dissolue Pompeys power vnlesse Caesar did resigne being abroade and of a more aspiring mind but Curio was against it and that it was expedient that after Pompey Caesar also should giue ouer all which when he could not obteyne he brake vp the counsell leauyng all vnperfite for so might a Tribune do Wherfore Pompey repented him that he had restored the Tribuneship to the auntient power which Sylla had made very sleÌ„der Only this was decréed at their departure that Caesar and Pompey shoulde be sente into Siria to â—â—â—â—e the Countrey bycause of Crossâ—â— misfortune And Pompey vâ—â—â—â— policie required his legion againe that he had lente Caesar â—â—â—â—r the loâ—se of 〈…〉 and Câ—tta hys Captaynes 〈…〉 gaue euery man two hundred Drammes and sent them to 〈…〉 and with them sente another of hys owne but beeyng vnderstanded y there was no danger in Syria they went to winter at Capua They that were sente of Pompey for them to Caesar tolde many hard tales againste Caesar and made Pompey beléeue that Caesars army being wasted with wéerâ—nesse and long payne was desirous to come home and when they were come on thys syde the Alpes they would reuolte to Pompey Thus they talked eyther of ignorance or being corrupted but euery man was sure to Caesar in promptnesse and painefulnesse both for the continuance of seruice for the gaynes that
Barbarians be with vs al kings y be friends to â— Romains to me haue sente armies weapons vittails al other necessaries Therfore go to it chéerefully as to a thing worthy your countrey your selues me being mindâ—ul of Gâ—sar dispitefulnesse with spéede fulfil that shal be appointed you This he said Al the army and as many Senators Gentlemen as were there which was a greate and a goodly câ—â—anâ— with one voice did praise hym praied hym to leade them as he thought good Then he set some ships to kéepe the sea and sente his army to winter at Macedonia thinking Caesar woulde deser sayling ouer till after winter the tyme being harde and the seas rough and haue remayned at Rome bycause he was Consull and settle hys rule there so far amisse did he coniecture of that that was to come For Caesar as I sayd before in the midst of winter did go to Brunduse supposing he should most amaze his enimies by commyng on the sodayn Therfore neither hauing victuall nor prouision nor all his army there he called theÌ„ that were present to an assembly and thus said vnto them Neither the hardenesse of the tyme O friends that ioyne wyth mée in this moste noble enterprise neyther the delay of others nor the want of conuenient preparation doe wythdraw me from my purpose for surely I thinke that expedition is the best way for me and we that be firste here to go first on with the matter As for seruants carriage and baggage I thinke it beste to leaue behynde vs that the shippes that bee nowe here may receiue vs only as passengers and we deceiue oure ennimies and sette good fortune againste euil tyme bold courage agaynste our smal number and our ennimies plenty against our penury all the which shall be in oure power if wée thinke nothing to be our own but that we shall winne by force Let vs go therfore againste their slaues their prouision and victualles whiles they be in houses for feare of winter weather Lette vs goe whiles Pompey trusts that I spende the winter in shewes and sacrifices of a Consull You knowe that I take the chiefeste point in wâ—rres to be attempts of the sodayne It is honourable to preuent the first opinion â—f thyngs to come and to foresee â—â—re receyt there for theÌ„ y folow vs next I haue thoughte thys time méeter to hast than to stay that Pompey who thinks I am yet at Rome aboute my Consulship may sée me at hys camâ—â— and thoughe that I am wel assured of youre good willes yet ê tarry for your answere All the army cryed with great vehemencie that hee should â–ª leade them forth Then he came from hys seate and had them to the sea being fiue legions of footemen and sixe hundred horse men chosen lying at anker bycause of the roughe seas The winter Sunne was at the lowest â–ª and the winde kepte hym backe agaynste hys will and euill content who tarryed â—â— Brunduse till the first day of the newe yeare Then came there â—â— hym two legions more whome he conueyed ouer that winter â—â— hulkes for he hadde but fewe Gallies and they were lefte for the custody of Sicelie and Sardinia He was by tempest driuen to y mount Cerâ—uno from whence he sent hys nauy backe to feâ—â—â— the reste of hys army He in the night went to the Citie of Oriâ—â— and for the hard straighte and rocky way was compelled to diuide his army into many partes as the sharpenesse of the countrey myghte serue so as if hys commyng had béene knowne hee might easily haue bin kept backe Aboute the breake of the day â–ª with muche adâ— he gathered his army togither The people of the Citie saide vnto the Gouernor that it was not lawfull to kéepe oute the Romaine Consull when he came therfore the Gouernour delyuered the keyes to Caesar and continued wyth hym in place of honor Lucretius and Minuâ—ius on the other side of Orico wyth eightéen Galâ—â—is to guarde the victuall that came by shippe to Pompey drowned their ships that Caesar shoulde not take them and fled to Durazzo From Orier Caesar went to Appolonia where he was receyued of the Citizens and Stamerius the Gouernour left the Citie There Caesar calling hys souldiors togyther putte them in â—â— membraunce what they had done by good fortune in the harde winter they were Lords of the sea without shippes they hadde wonne Orico and Valona without fight they had gotten their enimies things Pompey being yet ignorant Nowe sayeth he if wée can catch Durazzo whiche is the Baron of Pompeys prouision alâ— is in our handes that they haue bin labouring for an whole Sommer When he had sayd thus he ledde them wyth speede to Durazzo a long way resting neyther day neâ— nygâ—te â–ª Pompey hearyng this came with great hast from Macedonia cutting downe the trees as he went to stoppe the way to Caesar Hee pulled downe bridges and burnt all prouision by the way thynking it as it was in deede to be a good deuice for to haue onely that preparation that mighte serue himselfe If any dust fyre or smoke were seene to eyther of them a farre off thinking it had bin of the contrary part they stroue who shoulde runne fastest sparing no time neyther from meate nor sleepe Hast there was and spéede with crying out vpon them that ledde theÌ„ with torchelightes whereof grew disorder and feare as the enâ—mies had bâ—n at their héeles some for wéerinesse threw downe their burthens or withdrew themselues aside into some corners thinking it better to be lefte behinde with present rest than to goe on to it withoute feare of the enimie Both sides taking these paynes Pompey came firste to Durazzo and encamped at the walles By his Nauie he gote Orico agayne and gaue better guard for the Sea. Caesar lay ouer against Pompey the floud Alore slowing betwéene them There were diuers skirmishes by them that passed the floud â–ª but they neuer broughte forthe their whole power for Pompey did trayne his yong Souldyers and Caesar looked for the rest from Brunduse He thoughte that if they came forthe in the Spring in greate Shippes they could not escape the Galleys of Pompey that scowred the Seas and wayted for them but if they did come forthe in Winter when the enimie must many tymes take the Ilands for their harborough they might escape them or by the winde or their waighte mighte passe through them where vpon he sente for them with great hast and bycause they came not when he looked he purposed himselfe to goe to them for that they woulde not so soone come with an other and kepte his determination secrete He sente thrée of his seruants to the floud â–ª twelue furlongs off to hire a swifte vessell of good proofe as for one that should be dispatched from Caesar He rose from the table as not well at câ—st and â—ad his friends sitte
them that fledde and he somewhat slow of himselfe or peraduenture distrustyng that some traynes hadde bin layde in the Campe for him or bycause he condemned to do it as though the warre were nowe ended He set vpon them that were yet abroade whereof he kylled many and that daye in two sightes he tooke eyght and twenty Banners leaning the other occasion that mighte haue made an ende of aâ—â— which Caesar could not denye but that that day had ended the warre â—â— his enimies could haue vsed the victory Pompey 〈◊〉 of this victory sente letters of it to Kings and Cities 〈…〉 ughte that Caesars Souldioures would haue reuolted vnto â—â—â— â—â—â—â—essed with famine and ouerthrowe in fighte and 〈…〉 Captayne 's for feare of their offence but they God 〈…〉 entanâ—e in them lamented their faulte and wh 〈…〉 d them gently and gaue them pardon they were 〈…〉 with themselues and with a mutation beyond 〈…〉 after their Countrey manner to take 〈…〉 and to kill euery tenth man But when Caesar w 〈…〉 hat they were the more gréeued and con 〈…〉 insured by them and cryed that the 〈…〉 be punished as though they shoulde not haue 〈◊〉 if the it â—â—ders had not turned Caesar would not grant to this 〈…〉 but punished a fewe for a fashion whereby so great a 〈…〉 ge through this moderation entred into them as they deâ—â—red him he woulde forthwith set vpon his enimies and very earnestly they exhorted and encouraged him to it promising to amend their fault with a notable victory and they resorted togyther in heapes and sware in Caesars syghte neuer to returne from the fielde vnlesse they gette the fyghte His friendes wyshed hym to vse thys repentance and promptnesse of the armye but hée sayde vnto the multitude that he woulde at a better oportunitie leade them againste their enimies and badde them then remember thys forwardnesse But to hys friends he sayde that before he dyd that he must take out of theyr heartes the feare that was in them for the late losse and to tarrie tyll the fiercenesse of the enimie were abated then dyd he confesse that he had erred in placing his Campe at Dirrachio where all Pompeys preparation was and that it behoued hym to séeke other places and draw Pompey where he myghte haue the lyke wante which when he had sayd he wente straighte to Veâ—ona and from thence to Thâ—ssâ—â—y secretely by night Gâ—mâ—â—â—â—e a little â—â—â—e that woulde not receyue him he tooke in his rage and gâ—ue it to his souldyers to spoyle The Souldyers that had bin long â—â—â—â— filled themselues of all things excessiuely and were â—râ—â—â—â—e â—â—â— of measure especiallyth Germanes were â—â—â—ted atfor their drâ—â—â—â—â—nesse And now againe it was thought that Pompey â—â—gâ—â—e haue come on and done some notable feaâ—e but he by negligence â—iterly omâ—â—teâ— to stirre till Caesar had marched seaue â—â—ayâ—s â—â—d camped at Pharsalia In Gomphie they say was seene a notable chance dead bodyes of noble old men did â—e openly in a â—hrsâ—tâ—ans shoppe with cuppes in their hands without woundâ—â— â–ª â—â— â–ª he number of twenty as though they hadde bin muâ—â—ed to â—â—â—â—â— king lying all vpon the ground and one â—â—â—â—g in a chayre as a Phisition that gaue them the poâ—â—on of execration Pompey made a counsell concerning Caesar â–ª â—â—â—â—â—ing Aâ—â—â—nius was in opinion that the Naâ—y which was great should be sent against Caesar they being Lords of the Sea he â—â—â—ghte â—â— off things from hym being in want and in a wandring iourney and that Pompey hymselfe should leade the army â—â— the lande â—â—to Italy whiche was yet enclyned vnto him and voyâ—e of enimyes and so being Lorde of it France and Spaine he mighte deale with Caesar at home from the principall parte But he neglecting â—â—â—s that had bin best to haue bin done followed them that said that Caesars army by and by would forsake him for famine or not long lyke to hold out for the victory wonne at â—urazzo whereas â—â—â—trarywise it should be a great shame to leaue Caesar fleeyng and that he that had ouercome should seme to flée as hough he were ouercome He giuing place to these reasons and for the regarde that he had of the nations of the East that depended vpon hym and fearing least Luciâ—â— Scipio should receyue any harme in Mâ—cedoniâ— and before all hauing a mind to vse his army that was so couragious to fight he remoued and set his Camp against Caesar at Pharsalo about foure miles asunder To Pompey victual was brought froÌ„ euery place for the wars the portes and storehouses were so open vnto him that by land he lacked nothing and by sea whatsoeuer winde blewe it serued his turne Caesar â—adde onely suche foode as he â—â—ulde get by dayly force and yet n 〈…〉 diâ— forsake him but by a diuine instinct required they â—â—gâ—te gyue â—aâ—tell thinking themselues to be farre better than the â—thâ—â— yoâ—g Souldyoures bycause they had serueâ— in the wâ—â—â—es tâ—uâ—e yeares togither But now to spende the tyme in making of mountes and treaches and cariage of victuall they were the weaker bycause of theyr age therefore it was better to trye all at once with laâ—oure then by idlenesse to punishe with famine When Pompey vnderstoode this he thought it daungerous to dealâ— wyth suche experse men that cared not for themselues and to aduenture all at one worke againste Caesars â—obâ—e fortune He thought ii surâ—r and lesse daÌ„gerous to coÌ„sume them wtth wante hauyng no power to be reléeued by land nor no vse of the Sea nor not a Shyppe to conuey themselues away at a neede Thus hée determined by very good reason to delay the warre and to drawe them from famine to famine but the greater number of Senatoures and of them calleâ— Gentlemen that were most honored the Kyngs and Princes that were with him â–ª some for lacke of experience some for foolishe hardynesse for theyr victory at Durazzo some bycause they were greater in number and some bycause they woulde râ—ther haue a short conclusion than an honorable ende and some bycause they were wéery of the warre all exhorted him to the fyghte shewyng that Caesar dyd alwayes prouoke hym and inuite hym to it but he dyd vse that reason against themselues for to Caesar it was necessary so to doe but to them delay til occasion was muche better for néede droue Caesar to doe as hée dyd But beeyng styll incensed by all the armye that was waxed proude for the victorye at Durazzo and by the best sorte that obiected ambition vnto hym and therefore of purpose was so slowe that hée myghte beare rule ouer so many as good as hymselfe and therevppon called him Kyng and Agamemnon â–ª bycause hée commaunded Kynges in the warre hée left hys owne consideration and gaue place to theires God striking him now and all the rest of that warre He grew sickly and slowe contrary to his
toke shippe at night and sayled forth not shewing whether only commaunding the captaines in the night to follow the light of his shippe and in the day the flag of the same to the maister whereof he commaunded after he had sayled a good way to set his course toward Alexandria and so being thrée days vpon the sea he came thither In thys place he was wel receiued of the kings officers the king being yet at mount Gassius Caesar at his comming pretended to haue nothing ado bycause of his fewe men but went about the Citie to beholde the beauty therof stood and heard the Philosophers disputations wherby he wanne muche loue and good fauour of the Alexandâ—â—â—â—s being among them as one hauing nothing to do But when his army was come hée layde handes vppon Photinus and 〈…〉 and put them to death for the wickednesse done to Pompey Therdotus fled into Asia whome Cassius founde there and caused to be hanged The Alexandrians were offended herewith and sette vppon him with the kings army that was there and made many fights with hym about the kings Palaice and at the sea banke where Caesar was driuen to take the sea and to swimme a good way The Alexandrians tooke hys cloake and bare it vp as a token of victory His last battell was wyth the Kyng hymselfe at the floude Nilus where he ouercame him and restored the kingdome to Cleopatra after he had bin nine moneths there Then he sayled vppon Nilus with foure hundred shippes in company of Cleopatra for whose pleasure he did many things all the whiche be particularly tolde in my booke of Egiptian matters He could not abide to behold Pompeys heade that was brought vnto him but commanded it to be buryed he also builded a little Temple before the Citie which was called the Temple of Reuengement the which in my tyme when Traiane the Emperoure did make warre against the Jewes was pulled downe of them to serue some turne in the warre When Caesar had done these things in Alexandria he wente wyth hys army thoroughe Syrta againste Pharnace who had bin very busy and taken diuerse of the Romaine Prouinces and gotten one victory of Domitius lieutenante to Caesar by the which growing stoute he tooke Amyso a Citie of Pontus allied to the Romaines all the people whereof he solde as slaues and made their children Enuchs but when Caesar came he fled as farre as he coulde and sent to Caesar for peace by hys Ambassadors who brought him a crowne of golde and offered foolishlye the Kyngs daughter in marryage to hym He perceyuing their presentes and messages wente on wyth his army entertayning the Kings Ambassadors with ordinary talke till they came nighe where he was encamped and then he said shall not this murtherer of his father bée yet killed then he leaped on horse And at the first charge Pharnace fled awaye and Caesar ouerthrewe the moste parte with a thousand horsemen that with the firste did kéepe in chase with hym At thys Caesar saide with a loude voice O happy Pompey that haddest to do with such meÌ„ of war as Mithridates this mans father was therby both to be thought and called Great Of this fight hée sent thus to Rome I came I sawe I conquered Pharnace was content to go to the kingdome of Bosphorus which Caesar appoynted him Caesar spent no time in trifles so many battels yet remayning behinde he went into Asia and by the waye gathered money of the Cities that were troubled wyth them that tooke paymentes of the Tributes as we haue shewed in our booke of Asia Now word was brought hym that there was sedition raysed in Rome and that Antony his lieutenaÌ„t did kéep the common place wyth an army Therefore setting all thinges aside hée made haste to Rome Whither when he was come all ciuill discorde ceassed but another began among his souldiours bycause they had not yet neyther receiued the promise made for theyr seruice at Pharsalo nor that it was reasoÌ„ that they shoulde be still kept in war therfore they cried euery man to go home He had promised theÌ„ rewards at Pharsalo and other rewardes when the war of Libya should be ended Therfore he sent them a thousand drammes apéece with a promise of more They bad him promise no more but pay al out of hand And it lacked but little that they had not killed Crispus Salustius had he not shifted away When Caesar hearde this he commanded the legion that Antony had for the guarde of the Citie to kéepe aboute his house the entry of the Citie fearing spoile and hée verye boldly all men fearing and diswading him from the rage of the souldiors went among them as they were in mutinie in the field of Mars and not being perceyued was set in the high seate They confusedly and with tumulte came running vnarmed as the maner is to salute the Generall when he commeth firste among them he commaunded theÌ„ that if they had any thing to say there touching the gifts they shoulde speake it before his face whiles hee was present they durste not speake a word for feare but taking a meane way cryed to be released of the war hoping bycause â—e had néede of men to finish the rest of his wars he would haue saide somewhat of the giftes But he contrarie to all opinion without any stay answered I discharge you They being astâ—med hereat and standing in a great silence he saide againe And I wil giue you all that I haue promised you when I shall triumphe â—â— the rest This word vnlooked for appearing so curteous did strike in them suche a consideratioÌ„ with an emulation that they thoughte it a shame to forsake their Capitaine in the middes of his enimies and that others shoulde triumph in their places They remembred what losse they should haue by leauing the warre in Libya and be thought enimies aswell to Caesar as to hys aduersaries for this doubt they remained silent in feare hoping yet that Caesar woulde haue giuen them rewarde and forgyuen them the faulte for hys present néede but he sate as silent as they Therefore hys friends wished him to say somwhat vnto them not to leaue them that so oft had serued hym with so shorte seuere a spéech He began to speake call theÌ„ Citizens in stead of souldiers which was a token they were discharged of y war become in their former priuate case This they could not suffer but cryed that they did repent and prayed they mighte be taken to the war Caesar refused it and came from the seate Then they made greater instaunce beséeching hym that if they hadde done amisse to punishe them he stayed a while neither going forward nor backewarde séeming to doubt what to do yet hée returned and sayde hée woulde punishe none of them but that it grieued him that the tenth legion whiche he had alwaies loued and
Pompey and hearing of Caesars sacrifices and the differing of the Senate were in greate doubte and one that was there tooke Casca by the hande and sayde vnto hym woulde you kéepe it from me that am your friende Brutus tolde me Casca was in a sodayne passion that he knewe it then he saite more to hym simlyng where wyl you haue money for your office of Edilis and Casca tolde him Brutus and Cassius beyng togither and in talke one of the Senators Publius Laenas sayde hée wished well to that they had in their mindes and exhorted them to dispatch it They being much amazed helde their peace for anguishe As Caesar came forth one of hys familiars vnderstanding of the conspiracie and vsing to tel what hée hearte wente to Calphurnia and saide onelye thys bycause the matter touched Caesar much he would tarry til he came from the Senate for he knew not al that was wrought against him And one Artemidorus that was his hoste in Guido ranne vnto the Counsell house and found hym newe slaine Of another a booke of the Conspiracie was deliuered as he made haste into the Senate whiche was founde againe in hys hande when hée was dead And came out of his Litter Laenâ— that had wished wel before to Cassius came vnto hym and talked verye earnestlye wyth him the sight wherof did trouble theÌ„ and the length of the talke made them winke one at another to dispatche themselues before they should be taken But perceyuing by the manner that Laena was liker to speake for himselfe and make supplication than to bewray them they stayed and in the ende when they saw hym giue humble thankes they were encouraged againe It was the custome that Rulers of the Citie shoulde sacrifice when they went to the Senate And agayne in Caesars firste sacrifice there was no harte or as some say no heade of the entrailes and wheÌ„ the Diuinor said it was a signe of death hée smiled and sayde so it was in Spaine when I ouerthrewe Pompey and the Diuinor aunswering that then he was in perill indéede and nowe the token was more manifest Caesar bad hym sacrifice againe nothing appearing better than it was being ashamed y he made y Senate tarry for hym being hastned of his enmies as though they had bin friâ—ds in dispight of his enimies he went in For it must needes come that was determined They left Trebonius to entertaine Antony without the dores and when Caesar was sâ—â—â— hys seate they stoode aboute him as hys friends with weapons hid and first Attilius Cymber stood before him made sute for hys brothers returne that was banished Caesar being against it vtterly denying it hée tooke hym by the purple robe as he would haue made more sute he rufded the garment and pulled it ouer his necke crying Why staye you O frieÌ„ds Casca came ouer his head first thrust his dagger at his throat which missing hit him on y breast Caesar twitching his gown froÌ„ Cimbro catching Casca by y hand flung froÌ„ his seate with great violeÌ„ce layd hold vpon Casca Whiles he was doing this wrestling with him another stroke him on the side that laye open and Cassius hurte him in the face and Brutus on the thyghe and Bucolinus betwéene the shoulders yet Caesar with rage and reare like a wilde beaste stepped to euery of theÌ„ but after Brutus had hurt him as thoughe then hée had dispaired he wrapte himself in his gowne and fell comely before the picture of Pompey and they when he was downe vsed such despite as they gaue him three and twentie woundes and many were so hastie that they hurte one another When this act was done by these murderers in a sacred place vpon a sacred and inuiolate man by and by there was fléeing from the Senate house and about all the Citie and in the tumulte some Senatours were hurt and other men were killed and there was muche slaughter done both of Citizens and straugers not of purpose but as happeneth in such a Ciuill stir when one commeth vpoÌ„ another ignorauntly The sworde players that had bene in armour from the morning for the shewe of certaine playes ranne from the game place to the barres of the Senate house the people that came to the playes driuen into a feare fledde away shoppes were spoyled al dores were shutte and preparation made for defence from the house toppes Antony went to his owne house entending to take aduice for this case of Caesars Lepidus the Captaine of horsemen being in the coÌ„mon place and hearing what was done ranne to the I le within the Cytie where he had a legion and brought them abroade to be ready at Antonies commaundement For he did cleaue to Antony as Caesars friende and chiefly as Consull Being mette togyther they had greate desire to reuenge Caesars death that thus was handled They feared the Senate woulde take the killers parte therfore they would stay to consider of it There were no souldiours about Caesar for he delighted not in a garde but only vsed the Sergeants of his aucthoritye and when he wente from his house to the Senate he was wayted on with manye of the magistrates and great number of people as wel Citizens as straungers and of seruauntes and frée men in great multitude all the which fléeing away by heapes only thrée seruauntes taried which layd his body in the litter Thus thrée men not suteable did carie him home that a little before was Lorde of sea and lande The murderers woulde haue sayde somewhat in the Senate house but no maÌ„ wold tarry to heare They wrapt their gowns about their left armes as Targets and hauyng their daggers bloudy cryed they had kylled a king and a Tyranne and one bare an hatte vpon a speare in token of Libertie Then they exhorted them to the common wealth of their countrey and remembred olde Brutus and the oth made againste the old Kings Some went among them shewing their daggers who though they were not at the fact yet woulde they haue parte of the prayse as Lentulus Spintor Fauorinus Aquinus Dolobella Murcus and Peticus who wer not then partakers of the glorie but afterwarde tasted of the punishment with the offenders The common people came not to them which made them the more doubtful and in feare As for the Senate although for ignoraunce and tumult they were fled yet they had good truste in theÌ„ as in their kinsefolkes and friends and such as could as euil beare Tirannie as they but the people they suspected and as many as had serued Caesar in warre whereof there were not a fewe then present in the Citie some discharged of the warfare were appointed to habitations and some that had bin at their dwelling places were now come again to go the iourney wyth Caesar They were afrayde also of Lepidus and his army in the
When Brutus and Cassius wer gone out of the Citie and Antony nowe alone ruled all he coueted the presidentship of some prouince and the armye therof he was chiefly desirous of Syria but knowing he was alredy suspected he thought he should be more if he required any for the Senat had secretly wrought Dolobella to be against him who was the other Consul and always at strife with Antony Antony seing that Dolobella was a yong man and ambitious perswaded him to aske Syria in Cassius place and their army that was made againste the Parthians but not to aske it of the Senate for that was not expedient but of y people by a law He was perswaded by and by and propounded the lawe The Senate aleaged that he brake Caesars actes he answered that the war of Parthi◠was appointed to no man by Caesar and that Cassius who was sent to Syria was the first that had altered Caesars decrées in giuing leaue to them that wer assigned dwellings in the coūtry to sel their portions before twenty yeares determined by law that he could not take it wel being Dolobella not to be thought worthy of Syria before Cassius The Senate persuaded Asprin◠one of the Tribunes to find a fault in the assebly by some tokē hoping that Antony would haue allowed it being Consul and officer of the tokens and stil as they thought at variance with Dolobella The electiō now being come Asprina affirming the tokē to be vnlucky then the maner was to send other into it Antony was angry at the subtilty cōmaunded the cōpanies to make choyce for Dolobella And so was Dolabella made president of Syria and generall of the army against the Parthians and of the legions that Caesar had gathered for this purpose and left in Macedonia This was the first time that Antony séemed to fauoure Dolabella This being done of the people Antony required Macedonia of the Senate thinking they would be ashamed to denye it him séeing Dolabella had Syria and nowe voyde of an office The Senate gaue it him vnwillingly and maruelled that he woulde deliuer the armye that was there to Dolabella whome yet they were glad shoulde haue it before Antony Nowe Brutus friendes thought good to aske Antony other prouinces for Brutus and Cassius so Cyrene and Creta was giuen them or as some saye both Creta and Syrene to Cassius and Bythinia to Brutus And these were the doings at Rome Octauius Caesars sisters nephew was made of Caesar generall of the horsemen for one yeare and this honor Caesar vsed to gyue to his friends from yeare to yeare He being yet yong was sent of Caesar to Velona to apply his booke and to be trayned in feates of warre there to remayne whilest he wente againste his enimies and to exercise himselfe with the bands of Horsemen that came from Macedonia with other great Captaynes of the armie that resorted thither to visit hym as Caesars kinsman whereby he was knowen to many and wanne the loue of the army for he receyued them that came to him with great curtesie Hauing bin now sixe monethes in Velona about the euening it was told that Caesar was slayne in the Senate house of them that he loued best and might doe most with hym Of further matter nothyng being yet tolde he stoode in feare and doubt whether it were the whole publike worke of the Senate or some priuate practise or whether the doers were punished of the more parte or whose acte it was or whether the multitude did ioyne with them After thys his friendes sente to hym from Rome wishing him to goe to the host of Macedonia for his suretie in the which place after it shuld be knowen that it was no common fact he might be a terror to his enimies in reuenging of Caesar and diuers of the Captaynes promised him that if he woulde come to them they woulde sée hym safe His Mother and Philip his Father in lawe wrote vnto him to take nothing vpon him nor to be encouraged remembring that after Caesar hadde ouercome his enimies he was thus vsed of his déerest friendes The priuate life at this prosent was further off from perill and nowe rather to be chosen and if he were with them at Rome he should be well kept Octauius by these persuaded without further knowledge what was done after Caesars deathe embracing the Captaynes sayled ouer the Ionian Sea not taking land at Brunduse bycause he did not trust the army that was there and therefore was well ware but at another Citie not farre off called Lupio where he stayed and receyued aduertisementes from his friends of Caesars deathe of the peoples tumult of the publication of his testamente and of the orders taken and was aduised to beware of Caesars enimies bycause he was named his sonne and heire counselled him not to take the inheritance vpon him But he thinking it a dishonor as wel of this as not to reuēge Caesars death wēt to Brunduse sēdyng afore to search that there should be none of the strikers in anye awaite The army of that place did méete him and receyued him as Caesars sonne where with good courage he made sacrifice and straightway accepted the name of Caesar for the Romaines vsed to giue their name to them whome they made their children by adoption which he did not only admitte but changed his name frō Octauius Octauius sonne to Caesar Caesars sonne which continued till his ende By and by was there great repaire of mē to him some as Caesars friendes some as his seruantes and fréemade men and some souldioures with them some bringing preparation money toward Macedonia and some other reuenues of other prouinces to Brunduse He then trusting vpon the multitude that came vnto him and in Caesars glory and in the beneuolence of all mē to him tooke his iourney toward Rome accompanyed with a conuenient number which dayly like a streame did increase being safe from open force by the multitude of people not without suspitiō of deceypt bycause all that came with him almost were of newe acquaintāce and euery citie did not fauour him But Caesars souldioures and such as were by his appoyntmēt placed came from the habitations to the fauour of this yong man They lamented for Caesar and complayned of Antony that woulde not reuenge so great a mischiefe affirming that they if any man woulde be their guide would reuenge his death Octauius Caesar gaue them great prayse and willed thē to be quiet for the time and came to Terracina about fiftie miles from Rome where it was told him that Syria and Macedonia was taken from Brutus Cassius by the Consuls and that to comforte them Creta and Syrene were graunted them and that certayne banished men were reuoked and that Pompey was restored and that many were made Senatoures by Caesars determination and diuers other things Being come to Rome his mother Philip and their
which being decréed they brake vp euen as already Antony had being an enemy in déede no Tribune daring speake for him the next daye Wherefore his wife and hys mother wyth his sonne being yet yong and his other friendes and familiars all the night went to the great mens houses to beséech them and the next daye came to the Senate house suing to euerye man falling to their féete with wéeping and wayling in blacke habite they cryed out at the counsel dore and some for the lamentable voyces and behauiour for the sodennesse of the matter were moued with compassion wherefore Cicero being afrayde he spake thus vnto the Senate What we ought to decrée of Antony yesterday we did determine for when we gaue honour to his aduersaries we coÌ„demned him as an enimie Saluius was only an impediment against vs eyther for that he thinketh himselfe more wise than we or for the friendship he beareth to Antony or for ignoraÌ„ce of the matter Euerye one of these is to our great shame that al we should haue lesse wit than one and also to Saluius if he do prefer his friendship before the coÌ„mon wealth But wheÌ„ he hath not well vnderstand this present case he should haue giuen credite to the Consul the Pretors and to the Tribunes his fellowes and to the other Senatoures in number and worthinesse so manye who for oure age and experience oughte to knowe Antonie â–ª better than Saluâ—o In publique causes and iudgementes the more parte euer hath the right but if causes muste vee knowne and nowe learned agayne I wyll repeate them briefelye and touche the moste principall matter When Caesar was deade Antony tooke awaye oure common money the rule of Macedonia he hadde by vs but into Fraunce he entred violently without vs The army that was delyuered hym againste the Thracians hée brought into Italie againste vs requiring these deceitfully of vs and not obtayning hee did them of himselfe At Brunduse heâ— ordained a princelye bande to be aboute hym and openlye in Rome men in armour dyd guarde and watche hym vnder ensignes He broughte from Brunduse an other armye to the Cittie readye to all attemptes aspiring to the things that Caesar whom hée lamented coueted and when yong Caesar prepared againste hym another armye hee was afrayde and wente into Fraunce as a place fittest to vse force againste vs bycause Caesar from that place did inuade vs and got the rule ouer vs and giuing terrour to his armye that they mighte sticke to him in all hys vnlawfull dooyngs by lotte hee caused them to dye neither making anye mutinie nor forsaking their charge and order in battell for the whiche onelye the lawe of armes I thinke hath appoynted that punishemente whyche fewe Capitaynes scarcelye in greate perills woulde vse for necessitie But hee at a worde and a ieste giueth death to Citizens and death not of them that deserue but of suche as he woulde choose wherefore they that coulde haue forsaken hym and you yesterdaye dyd determine to rewarde them as those that hadde doone well They that coulde not escape awaye for feare doe dwell with him and as enimies inuade youre lande and besiege youre armye and youre generall and whom you appoynted to remaine in Fraunce Antony commaundeth hym to departe Whether then haue we iudged Antony an ennimye or doeth hée vse vs as enimyes Oure Tribune wyll not know this tyll Decimus be deade and tyll that prouince so greate and so nygh vnto vs and after the prouince the armye also of Decimus maye be in Antonies power to worke hys hope agaynste vs For by lyke the Tribunes wyll not â—o soone decrée hym to be an ennimye tyll hee bée Lorde ouer vs. Whyle Cicero was thus saying hys friendes made a greate noyse continuallye and woulde not suffer anye manne to speake agayne tyll Piso rose vppe when as the Senate for the reuerence of him commaunded silence and then the Ciceronians stayde and Piso thus beganne to speake The lawe O Senatours doth allowe the accused to haue hys cause heard and when he hath aunswered for himselfe to be iudged accordynglye Cicero the moste vehement Oratoure I doe chalenge who durste not accuse Antony when he was presente and in hys absence hath layde greate matter to his charge the greatest and doubtfullest whereof I wyll note and wyth shorte aunswere shewe them to bée false Hee sayeth that Antony after Caesar â–ª deathe dyd take the publique money as hys owne the lawe calleth suche one â— Theefe and not an enimye appointyng the payne Therefore when Brutus hadde slayne Caesar and accused hym to the people for spoyling the common money and leauing the â—teâ—â—â— nothyng Antony by and by did decrée that the matter 〈…〉 â—t searched 〈…〉 approued hys sentence by publique 〈…〉 appointyng a rewarde of the tenthe 〈…〉 to them that woulde declare it whych we wyll double if any man can accuse Antony of that And thus much concerning the money The prouince of Fraunce we did not appoint to Antony the people did by lawe Cicero being present in such sort as manye other be giuen and heretofore gaue the same to Caesar in like maner Part of the decrée is that Antony should make warre vpon Decimus if he would not giue place vnto him and that the army prepared against the Thracians who stirreth not shoulde be led against him if he resisted Cicero doth not iudge Decimus an enemye that maketh warre againste the lawe but Antony that obeyeth the lawe If he condemneth hym hee condemneth them that made the lawe whome hee ought by persuasion to pacific and not to prouoke by contumelie Neither ought he to credite that place to Decimus whoÌ„ the people haue bannished for murder discredite Antony to whom the people haue giuen it by law It is no good counsel to make diuision with the people especially in dauÌ„gerous times nor to forget that this belongeth chiefly to the people to iudge of friendes and foes for by the auntient lawes the people only is Lord of war and peace in the whiche at this time notwithstanding they haue not appointed nor commaunded nor vsed their priuiledge ouer vs But he saith Antony killed certain Souldiours being general and appointed therevnto by you Neuer was there Captaine generall that was charged wyth that offiÌ„ce For the lawes haue not thought it méete that the Captaine should be subiect to the Souldiours and there is nothing worse in a campe than disobedience by the whiche some conquerours haue bene ouerthrowen None of them that were punished haue complayned nor none of their friendes or kinsfolke But Cicero hath accused and finding fault at their death instead of such honor as hath ben wont to be giuen to such executers he wil haue Antony exclaymed an enimy How Antonies army was disordered how they disâ—ayned hym it is enâ—deÌ„t by the two legions y are fled froÌ„ him whoÌ„ you coÌ„manded to serue vnder him â— they contrary to y law of souldiers haue not fled froÌ„ him to you
but to Octa. Caesar which Cicero prayseth also yesterday would haue theÌ„ rewarded of y commoÌ„ Treasure whiche example I pray God you do not one daye repent to suche inconuenience hath enmity caried Cicero He accuseth Antonies Tyranny also and murder of souldiours wheras they that séeke mischiefe to their countries euer do please their armies and not so punish theÌ„ And bycause he can accuse Antony of none other matter of Tiranny after Caesars rule go to I wil aske him questions of euery thing Whom hath Antony killed vnharde as a Tyrant who now him selfe vnhard is in daunger to be condemned whome hath he vanished whom hath he cast out hath he bin so to euery particular man hathe he layde traynes for vs all at once when O Cicero he decreed forgetfulnesse of all things done or that no man shoulde prosecute the murder or that a search shoulde be made of common Treasure or when he called home Pompey your Pompeis sonne or when he wished he might be recompenced of the common for his fathers substaunce or when he dispatched the counterfayte Marius whom then you al praysed and now only in that Cicero will not you disprayse or when he determined that no Dictator should be created or spoken of or when he ordayned that he that would shoulde dye for it These were the things that Antony did to vs in two monethes when he alone remayned in the Cittie after Caesar when by and by the people pursewed the stickers when by and by we were afrayde of things to come When if he woulde haue taken his occasion and haue bene vmust he coulde not haue had a better yet hée dyd not vse hys power to the contrary What did not he alone rule when Dolobella was gone into Syria What dyd not he vse hys army preste to al purposes in the Citie whyche you appointed to hym did he not watch the Citie was not he himself garded by night for feare of his enimies had he not occasioÌ„ by Caesars death his friend and benefactour and most deare to the people Had he not another more nere wheÌ„ his body was laid for of meÌ„ of whom he neyther banished nor put to death any but rather fauoured them as much as by reasoÌ„ honesty he coulde not enuying them These you sée O Romaines be the greatest and most doubtful matters that Cicero hathg athered against him and to hys accusations he ioyneth deuination as thoughe Antony woulde haue broughte so greate an armye againste the Cittie but that hee was afrayde of Octauius Caesar that preuented hym wyth an other armye If to entende onely so bee the parte of a manne that is an ennimye why doeth hee not counte hym one that came and encamped in the Cittye and gaue you no warnyng of it If Antony woulde come howe hapte it hee came not was hée afrayde of Caesars thrée thousande vnarmed he hauyng thirtye thousand well armed They came onely to Caesar for to helpe to a pacifycation betwéene them but when they saw that warre would follow they forsooke hym If he were afrayde when hée had thyrtie thousande howe came he hither with one thousande with the whyche goyng to Tibure howe manye dyd wee sende vnto hym howe manye of vs wente to bee sworne of hym that were not sworne before what prayses dyd Cicero make of hys good gouernemente and vertue howe woulde Antony if hee hadde knowen thys haue lefte wyth vs the pledges that nowe bee without the Senate house hys mother hys wife and hys young sonne whyche lamente and feare nowe not of Antonies doyngs in the common wealthe but for hys ennimyes power Thys I haue rehearsed vnto you as an example of Antonies innocencye and Ciceros mutabilitye And to them that well wyll consyder I wyll giue thys exhortation neyther to charge the people nor Antony neyther to bring in generall enimetie and daunger the common wealthe beyng sickely and wantyng them that spéedâ—â—â—c might relieue it but to make the Cyttie strong before they abroade doe styrre anye tumulte whereby wee maye resiste anye that wyll ryse againste vs and â—â—â—ge of them as wee shall thinke good and performe what wee haue iudged But howe can thys bée done If wee can suffer Antony for the loue or fauour of the people to haue Fraunce if wee call home Decimus wyth hys three legions and when hée is come senâ—e hym into Macedonia retayning hys legions and calling for the two legions that wente from Antony wee doe require them as Cicero sayeth of Caesar to bee in the Citie so as hauyng fiue legions wee maye confyrme what wee will by decree and not be driuen to hang of anye mans hope Thys haue I spoken to the hearers without enuye or emulation But for them that inconsiderately and vnaduisedly séeke to trouble â–ª you for priuate grudge or displeasure I shall beséeche the Judges not to bée to quicke nor swifte againste so greate men and leaders of so mightye armyes that they doe not force them to make warre againste their wyli remembryng Marcus Coriolanus and the late Caesar whom bringing an armye likewise and offring verye good conditions of concorde wee rashelye condemned as enimye and of necessitie made him to bee so indéede Let vs beare wyth the people that while earst did stirre againste the strykers of Caesar that we séeme not to hys reproch to giue them prouinces of nations nor prayse Decimus bycause hee despiseth the peoples lawe and condemne Antony bycause hee receyueth Fraunce by the peoples order And it behoueth them that bee of good iudgement to redresse them that goe astraye and the Consuls and Tribunes to prouide for the daungers of the present state Thus dyd Piso speake in defence with cries and sharpe wordes and was the onlye cause why Antony was not iudged a rebell Yet coulde he not obtayne that hee shoulde haue the prouince of Frenche Celtica For the friendes and kinsefolke of the killers for feare did lette it leaste the warre shoulde ceasse and hee bee at one with Octauius and they both reuenge Caesars deathe Wherefore theyr practise and deuise was to kepe Antony and Octauius styll at debate It was decréed that Antony should receiue Macedonie in stead of Lombardie Al other orders eyther of ignoraunce or of purpose they committed to Cicero to appoint and to giue answere to Embassadours He hauing this sentence dyd thus determyne That Antony shoulde streight departe from Modena and leaue Celtica to Decimo and to be within the compasse of the floud Rubicone which diuideth Italie from Lombardie by a daye prefixed and committe all his matters to the Senate Thus Cicero ambitiously and vniustly dyd appointe his determinations not for anye so great priuate enmitie but as it shoulde séeme by destinye that was determined to trouble the state with mutation and bring himselfe to some euill happe in the ende At this instante they were come that broughte the ashes of Trebonius and the despight vsed to him which being throughly knowne the Senate did
into Aegipt brought from thence foure legions whiche being scattered after the ouerthrowe of Crassus and Pompey or else lefte of Caesar wyth Cleopatra Cassius comming suddaynely vpon hym compelled him to deliuer his Legions in Palestina being afrayd with foure Legions to fighte with eyghte So Cassius beyonde expectation was Lord of twelue full Legions and Dolobella going out of Asia into Liodicea where for frendship he was receyued he followed and beséeged whiche thyng when the Senate hearde they were glad In Macedonia Caius Antonius brother to Antonius Marcus dyd make warre with Brutus hauing one Legion of armed Citizens and being inferioure to Brutus he layde traynes for hym which Brutus escaping did catch him with the like traynes and doing nothing to him nor them that he had taken he badde his owne Souldioures to be familiar with their enimies but they refusing that familiaritie and not admitting their conuâ—rsation he suffered them freely to departe when he had them at advantage They goyng another way he appeared suddaynely vnto them in another straight where he dyd not touche them but gently receyued them They remembring that he was euer thought to be the most courteous Citizen and worthy the opinion that he had of wisedome and mildenesse they accepted hys courtesie and gaue themselues vnto him Caius also yéelded to hym and was in honor with Brutus till he was founde manye times corruptyng the army and so put away Thus Brutus to his former army had syxe Legions and praysing the Macedonians he gathered of them two legions more whome he exercised after the Italian manner These thyngs were done in Siria and Macedonia In Italiâ— Caesar tooke it euill that Decimus was made Generall agaynste Antonie before him â–ª He hidde hys anger and desired that hée myghte make a Triumph for the feates hée hadde done and béeing reiected of the Senate for requiring greater thynges than belonged to hys age hée was afraide least if Antonie were ouerthrowen they woulde more despise him and therefore desired to haue conference with hym as Pansa counselled hym when hée dyed All the Souldioures and Captaynes of Antonies that he had taken hée vsed courteously and tooke them as hys owne and them that woulde he sente to Antonie as a signification that he was no enimie to hym To Ventidius that was friend to Antonie and hadde broughte thrée legions he drewe nygh wyth hys army and when he had made hym afrayde he did nothing to hym but graunted hym eyther to ioyne with hym or to goe to Antonie fréely with hys armie and to protest that for lacke of knowledge he had â—mitted the common profite When Ventidius heard thys he wente to Antonie In the meane tyme Octauius Caesar honoured Decius one of Antonies Captaynes whome hée hadde taken at Mutina He gaue hym leaue to goâ— to Antonie if he woulde and he demaunding of hys mynde towarde Antonie hée sayde he had shewed sufficiente and manye tokens to them that coulde percâ—yue and to them that woulde be ignorante more woulde not suffice Thus dyd Caesar signifye to Antonie To Leâ—idus and Asinius he more playnely signifyed of the despight against hym and of the myghtie preparation of the kyllers makyng them afrayde that to increase Pompeis faction all Caesars friendes one after another shoulde be serued as Antonie was whych he through ignoraunce and suspition of a feare did longer suffer He allowed well they shoulde obey the Senate for a fashion but for theyr owne suretie they shoulde agrée togyther whylest they myghte and that they shoulde héerein reprooue Antony and to vse the manner of the legionaries not to departe from them when the seruice was done nor to leaue the trade of warre and disseuer leaste thereby the Enimie myghte take some aduantage but rather togither inhabite others places thereto desirous for their power than seuerally euery man in his countrey consume his owne This did Caesar send to Lepidus and Asinius Deciâ—us armye olde and famished was full of sicknesse and loosenesse of bodye and the newe Souldioures were yet vnexercised â–ª but Plancus with his ordinarie armye drew nigh vnto him Decimus wrote to the Senate that Antonie shoulde be caught in his snares béeing tyred with things past Pâ—mpeys friends hearing of this did maruellously reioyce crying now to be time to restore their Countreys libertie Euerye man made sacrifices and elected tenne men to punishe Antonies power And this was a forme to abolish Caesars decrées whiche Antonie put in vre by his remembrances doing little or nothing of himselfe whiche thing the Senate well perceyuing did by occasion disanull some and so they hoped to dissolue all and the tenne men did commaund that whosoeuer hadde receyued anye thing by Antonies authoritie contrarye to the Senate they should restore it and declare it and to them that disobeyed a punishment was threatned Pompeys secte required the rule of Consuls in stead of Hirtius and Pansa for the rest of the yeare Caesar did the like not of the Senate but of Cicero priuately sendyng to him and exhorting him to be in office with him bycause he was more sage more experte and better acquainted with the office than he and that he only would thinke it a benefyte to beare the name that he might haue an honest pretence to leaue his armye for the which cause he had required a triumph Cicero héereby being blowen vp with ambition sayde he perceyued a conspiracie to be wrought by the Captayne 's abroade and therefore he thought good to pleasure this yong man béeyng not well intreated and Lorde of a greate armye and rather to graunte him an office in the Citie before his time than to force him to be in armes least he might do something that should not content the Senate and wished some of the wise antients might be appoynted as a maister of his yong yeares But the Senate laughed at Ciceros ambition and the kinsmen of the killers were against it â—earing that Caesar would accuse them when he should be Consull and for diuerse lawfull causes made delay in the election Antonie in this tyme passed the mountaines Hauing persuaded Culeo a Capitaine of Lepidus and keper of the passage to credite hym he drewe nighe the â—ioude where Lepidus was and lay without trenche or ditche bicause he would shew he was friend to him Diuerse messages were sent betwéene them Antony recording diuers friendshippes and pleasures affirmed that if he woulde not agrée all they of Caesars 〈◊〉 shoulde be broughte to the like calamitie Lepidus being afraide of the Senate that hadde commaunded hym to make warre vppon Antoâ—â— affyrmed yet that he 〈◊〉 it againste his will. Now Lepidus his army reuerâ—â—cing the dignitie of Antonie and perceiuing the messengers betwéene them and delighting in the quietnesse of his souldiours secretly firste mingled among theÌ„ after openly as with their fellow citizens and souldiors and when they were forbidden by the
of Caesars inheritaunce vnto hym Then he came into the Cittie as Consul and sacrifised And there appeared to him twelue Gripes as did to Romulus when he builded the Cittie The sacrifices being ended hée gaue himselfe in adoption to his father according to the lawe Curiate that is â–ª to be confirmed in adoption by the people For the Romaines call Curias companies or wardes of the people deuided as the Grecians do call Phratriae fellowshippes and Fraterâ—iâ—ies This vse among the Romaines was most effectuall in the lawe for them that be without fathers and they may as well as Legitimate children commaunde the kinsefolke and frée made men of them that doe adopte them And it was one of Caius Caesars glories that he had manye riche frée made men and chiefly for this cause peraduenture thys Caesar in his first adoption by testament had néede of this also He dissolued by a newe lawe that Dolobella shoulde not be iudged a rebell and that the lawe mighte procéede for Caesars killing wherefore accusations were written agaynste them by Caesars friends to them as strikers to the other as priuie only for thys was obiected againste some of them and to some bycause they woulde not be seene when Caesar was kylled And to all these a day certayne was assigned by Proclamation when they shoulde appeare to make their annswere all the whiche fayling at the day Caesar himselfe markyng the iudgementes none was parâ—â—â—ed of the faulte but one noble man who then had no hurte but shortly after was condemned to deathe wyth the other And at thys tyme Q. Gallius brother to Marius Gallius Antonyes friende béeyng a Pretor in the Citie dyd desire of Caesar the Lieutenantshippe of Libya whyche when he hadde obteyned he wroughte wyles agaynste Caesar The other Pretors depriued him of hys office and the people and the Senate condemned him to deathe Caesar commaunded hym to goe to hys brother that was wyth Antony and when he had taken Shyppe to goe he was neuer séene after When Caesar had done these greate things he enclined to pacification with Antony When he had hearde that Brutus â–ª hadde twenty LegioÌ„s against that which he would haue Antonyes help he wente out of the Citie towarde the Ionian Sea and makyng small iourneys be tarried to sée what the Senate would do Pedius when Caesar was gone perswaded that before grudge should growe to extremitie they woulde agrée Antony and Lepidus And although they perceyued that this agréement was not for theyr sake nor for their Countrey but onely to helpe Caesar agaynste Brutus and Cassius yet did they by necessitie determine it and reuoked the sharp decrées made against Antonie and Lepidus and all the Souldioures vnder them and to sende them other more fauourable for the whyche Caesar wrote his letters of congratulation vnto them and promised to helpe Antonie againste Decimus if néede were The Senate vsed lyke friendly manner reward him and gaue him their harty thaÌ„kes and Antonie wrote that he would plague Decimus for Caesar and Plâ—nâ—â—â— for himselfe and ioyne with Caesar Thus they wrote one to another Whilest Antonie pursued Decimus Asinius Pollio came vnto him with two Legions and practised to haue him pacifyed wyth Plancus and Plancus with thrée Legions agréed with Antony in so muche as nowe Antony hadde a most myghtie power Decimus hadde tenne Legions whereof foure moste warlike being féebled with hunger were yet vexed with sickenesse Of newe taken there was syxe Legions but vnexperte and fearefull Wherefore Decimus doubting to fyghte determined to flée to Brutus into Macedonia and not to passe by the Mountaynes but by Rauenna and Aquileia And bycause Caesar was comming that waye hée tooke a longer and an harder iourney to passe by Rene and goe to the wilde places of barbarous people where the newe Souldioures oppressed with wante and heate forsooke hym and wente to Caesar and after them the foure Legions of older Souldioures wente to Antony Then to the other multitude the Frenche Horsemen men béeyng the gard of hys person only except he gaue leaue if they woulde to goe euery man to hys owne and gaue them such golde as he hadde so as when he came to the Rene he had but thrée hundred where bycause the passage was hard they all forsooke hym saue a fewe whyche fewe also shortly dyd leaue hym and wyth tenne onely changing hys garmente lyke a French man whose language he coulde speake he wente forthe as one of that nation not with haâ—ty iourneys but easlie to Aquileia thynking with so fewe he myghte wel escape but béeyng taken of Théeues and bounde he asked what Prince was Lorde of that parte they sayde Camillus He muche estéemyng the name of Camillus desired he myght be broughte to hym who when he sawe hym in apparance spake fayre to hym and rebuked the takers that without regard hadde so euill entreated so noble a man but priuily he sent vnto Antony and Antony moued with the mutation coulde not abyde to sée him but willed Camillus to kyll hym and sende hym hys head whyche when he sawe he commaunded it to be buryed Thys ende hadde Decimus a Captayne of Caesars Horsemen â—na by hym made Ruler of olde France and for the yeare to come elected Consull and Gouernoure of the other Fraunce and was the seconde of the kyllers that nexte Trebonius was punished a yeare and a halfe after Caesars deathe And this verye tyme Minutius Basillâ—s one of Caesars quellers also was killed of hys owne seruauntes bycause he had made some of them Eunuches for punishmente ⸪ The ende of the thirde Booke of Ciuill dissentions ¶ The fourth Booke of Appiane of Alexandria of the Ciuill dissentions of Rome THus two of Caesars killers being ouerthrowen in their prouinces had their punishment Trebonius in Asia and Decimus in Celtica Nowe how Cassius and Brutus chiefe of the conspiracie against Caesar were plagued being Lordes of all the lande betwéene Syria and Macedonia hauing mighty power both by Sea and land with twenty armed legtons besyde Horsemen and Shyppes and money at wyll thys fourth Booke of Ciuill discorde shal declare And with the same the inquisitions and the searchers of them that were appoynted to dye by proscription and the lamentable afflictions on euerye syde suche as neyther among the Greeke seditions or tumultes nor among the Romaines themselues hadde bin done by any remembrance sauing onely of Sylla who was the fyrste that by Proclamation condemned hys foes to dye for Marius did onely séeke to punishe them whome he founde but Sylla with greate rewardes and lyke punishmentes of them that did conceale proscribed menne to be 〈◊〉 as they were caughte What Marius and Sylla dyd it is shewed before in that matter nowe the rest shall follow in order Caesâ—r and Antonie of enimies were made friendes aboute the Citie of Modene in a little playne Ilande of the floude Labâ—â—â—â— eache of
them hauyng fyue armed Legions whiche beyng placed one oueragaynste another eyther of them wyth thrée hundred came to the bridges of the Riuer Lepidus béeing come afore to searche the I le made a token wyth hys cloke to them both to come They lefte theyr companyes wyth theyr friendes at the Bridges and came into the myddest to a place that myghte bée séene and sate all thrée downe Caesar in the myddest bycause of his office Two dayes from mornyng tyll nyghte they conferred and made thys determination â— That Caesar should gyus ouer hys Consulshippe and Ventidius receyue it for the rest of the yeare That a newe office shoulde be instituted by lawe for redresse of ciuill troubles and that Lepidus Antonius and Caesar shoulde haue that authoritie for fyue yeares wyth the same power that Consulles haue so it was thought best to name it peraduenture bycause of Antonyes decrée forbiddyng anye man to bée Dictator That they shoulde by and by appoynte the offices of the Citie from yeare to yeare duryng the fyue yeares and diuide the Prouinces That Antony shoulde haue all Fraunce on thys syde the Pirenei Mountaynes excepte that whiche they call olde Celtica That Lepidus shoulde rule that and Spayne That Caesar shoulde gouerne Lybia Sardinia and Sicelie and any other Ilande there Thus did these thrée diuide the Romaine Empire leauing the prouinces beyonde the Sea bycause of Brutus and Cassius that were Gouernoures there That Antony and Caesar should make warre vpon Brutus and Cassius That Lepidus shoulde he Consull for the time to come and remayne in the Citie for all occasions and gouerne Spayne by Deputies That Lepidus shoulde reteyne thrée Legions of his owne army for the defence of Rome That the other seauen shoulde be diuided betwéene Caesar and Antony that Caesar shoulde haue thrée and Antony foure that eyther of them myghte leade twentye Legions to the warre That they shoulde encourage their armyes as well with rewardes of victorie as other giftes as by the promise of eyghtéene Cities of Italie excelling in substance sâ—yle and fayre buyldings and that both landes and houses of the same shoulde be deuided vnto them as though they had bin taken by warre Amongst the rest these were the chiefe Capâ—â— Reggiâ— Venâ—sia Beneuentâ— Nuceria Arimeno and Vibona â–ª Thus were the fayrest partes of Italie assigned to the Souldioures It was also agréed that euery of them shoulde dispatche hys priuate enimies that no trouble myghte come by them after that they vppon these determinations shoulde bée gene farre off to make a long warre out of their Countrey All these thyngs were signed wyth their handes Casar as Consull dyd declare them to the armye â–ª sauyng onely theyr names that were appoynted to dye When the Souldioures hearde it they were glad and embraced togither for ioy These béeyng done many Monsters and terrible tokens were séene in Rome Dogges yéelled like Wolues a fearefull warning Wolues ranne about the common place a beast not wonte to be séene at Rome An Oxe sounded a mans voyce and a childe spake as soone as it was borne Some of the Images sweate Some dyd sweate bloud Greate voyces of men noyse of harnesse and running of Horses were hearde and nothyng séene Aboute the Sunne there were manye vnpleasante sightes Stormes also of stones Continuall lightnings fell vppon the Temples and the pictures For thys cause the Senate sente for Southsayers and Prophetes out of Toâ—â—anâ— the most auntiente of the whyche affirmyng that the olde Kyngs shoulde returne and euery man be in bondage but himselfe alone he shutte his mouth and stopped hys breath tyll he dyed These thrée men beyng thus alone by themselues dyd appoynte them that shoulde dye They suspected some for their power Some they registred as theyr priuate enimies and some theyr owne familiars and friendes they gaue to dye to serue eache others turne both then and afterwarde And so were men condemned one after another some for enemitie some onely for a little offence as for louing hys enimies or hatyng hys friendes or for béeyng too riche bycause they wanted much money to maynteyne the warre Brutus and Cassius receyuing the rentes and Tributes of Asia and béeyng also holpen by the Kynges and Princes there and for asmuche as they were in wante bycause Europe and chiefely Italie was wasted wyth warres and paymentes they dyd put a gréeuous imposition vpon the common sorte of menne and women and made the artificers and workemen to pay them tribute and some was proscribed for the goodnesse of hys lands houses And thus all these were condemned to dye and to bée confiscate whereof there were thrée hundred Senators and two thousande of them that bée called Gentlemen among the whyche were the bréethren and vncles of these that hadde condemned them and some that ruled armies vnder them and as many as hadde displeased them or other that were leaders vnder them And intendyng to condemne the multitude after this conference at theyr béeyng in Rome they appoynted twelue of the suddayne or as some say seauentéene of the chiefest to bée kylled whereof Cicero was one And by and by they sente aboute it and foure were straight kylled at theyr tables or where they were mette the other were soughte in houses and Temples so as there was a sudden trouble al that night among them with cries running and yelling as in a Citie taken For when it was knowen that menne shoulde bée apprehended and no certenty vppon whome the proscription woulde fall euery man thoughte himselfe to bée sought of them that made enquirie Wherefore in this confusion some hadde determined to burne their owne thynges and some to sette publike places all on fyre intending by good reason to doe some notable feate before they woulde suffer And they hadde done it out of hande hadde not Pedius the Consull gone aboute with Proclamation and comforted them to tarrie till the truth were throughly knowen When morning was come Pedius according to the sentence of the thrée men did condemne seauentéene as only supposed chiefe authors of ciuill euils and onely condemned whereof he gaue his faith publikely to the rest not knowing what was done and he for the labour he tooke in the nighte dyed The thrée men Lepidus Antonius and Caesar entred Rome each one by himselfe in thrée seuerall dayes with the gardes of their persons and one Legion a péece â–ª in order of battell When they were come the Citie was full of Souldioures and ensignes placed where was fytte and by and by there was an assemblie in the whyche Publius Tâ—tius Tribune of the people dyd by lawe confyrme the newe rule by the appoyntemente of them presente for fyue yeares of thrée men Lepidus Antonius and Caesar with equall power as Consuls whyche a man myghte call reformers after the Greeke manner and that name the Lacedemonians gaue to them that directed their staâ—e neyther any respite being gyuen for the approbation nor a
speciall daye appoynted for voyces to be vsed Out of hande the lawe tooke place and that nyghte condemnations of thirtis besyde the seauentéene and of one hundred more were sette vp in many places of the Citie and shortlye after another hundred and fiftie and euer some were added more in the booke to them that were firste condemned or kylled as by ignorance that it myghte bée thoughte they were worthy to dye It was ordered that all theyr heads shoulde be brought to the thrée men and a rewarde appoynted A frée mans rewarde was syluer a Seruantes libertie and syluer and who receyued a condemned man or concealed or hindred the search should bée punished with lyke payne and euery man myghte declare agaynste whome hée woulde for the same rewarde The Proclamation was after thys sorte And that all men should suffer their priuate places to be searched Marcus Lepidus Marcus Antonius and Octauius Caesar chosen reformers and directoures of the Common wealthe saye thus If the vnfaythfull euill disposed menne hadde not bene pitied when they néeded and being so had not become enimies of their benefactours and after coÌ„spired against them they had not slayne Caesar whome he tooke by warre and saued by mercy accompted them friends and plentifully aduaunced them with offices honours and giftes nor we should haue ben compelled thus violently to vse them that haue with suche despite made proclamations of treason against vs but now by their euill meanings towarde vs their worse working toward Caesar perceyuing that by humanitie their malice is made obstinate we haue chosen rather to preuent them than to be taken tardy of them Let no man thinke our act vniust cruell or to sore considering what Caesar what we haue suffered at their handes Caesar being chief ruler and prince of holy things Conquerour and ouerthrower of nations most terrible to the Romaines and the first man that beyond Hercules pillers did proue the sea not sayled before and founde lande vnknowen to the Romanes in the middest of the sacred place called the Senate house in the sight of the goodes they haue enâ—ioâ—sly killed with xxiâ—â— woundes whom he tooke prisoners in warre and not onely saued their liues but made some of them heyres of his liuing The reste of them through the same wicked purpose haue sente these detestable offendours in stéede of punishment to the rule of Prouinces and armies whiche they abuse in spoyling of common treasure in gatheryng one army against vs of them and requiring an other of the Barbarians alwayes enimies to this state Certaine Citties belongyng to the Romanes refusing to obey them â–ª they haue burned spoyled or rased others oppressed with their terrible threatnings they force agaynst their countrey and vs Wée haue already punished some of them and by the helpe of God ye shall soone sée the rest haue their iâ—ste deserte The greatest matters touchyng Spayne Fraunce and here at home we haue at our commaundement well dispatched Neuerthelesse wée haue an harde and sharpe worke in hande to make warre agaynst the murderers of Caesar that â—e beyonde the seas and bicause wée shall make this warre abrode we do not thinke it sure neyther for vs nor for you to leaue enimies at home that mighte disturbe vs in our absence and wayfe theyr times as the warre shoulde haue successe neyther to make any delay in this hasty expedition but rather to ridde them at ones they hauyng begonne the warre agaynst vs and iudged vs and our armies traytours to our Countrie not regardyng neyther the enuy of manne nor the reuengment of God in destroying so many millions of their Citizens Wée are not offended agaynst the multitude nor will take them all as enimies that haue bene so to vs nor altogither weigh riches substaunce or dignities nor kill so many as an other chiefe ruler haue done before vs who redressed the Citie in lyke Ciuill dissentions whome for his lucky doings you did call Happie although there muste néedes be more enimies to thrée than one but onely the worste and moste wicked sorte as well for you as for our selfes wée entende to correct otherwise by our contentions you all betwéene vs muste néedes be vtterly destroyed and of necessitie our armie that hath bene so iniuried and despighted as they haue bene proclaimed publique enimies must néedes some way be comforted at our hande And where as wée mighte lay handes vppon the condemned where wée woulde yet we thought it better to pronounce them than at all aduentures to oppresse them and that for your sake least the rage of the Souldiours mighte exceede vppon them that are not touched and that their names beyng comprehended in a certayne number they might leaue the rest by the decrée Then that good Fortune may come by them that be conteyned in this wryting Lette no manne receyue any manne nor hyde nor sende away nor be wonne for money For if any doe saue helpe or be founde pryuye him will we without all excuse and parâ—â—â—ie put among the condemned sorte Of them that shall dryng the heades of suche as they shall kyll before vs a frée manne shall haue xxv thousand drammes of Athens for euery heade a seruaunt shall haue hys lybertie and tenne thousande and hys Maysters place in the Cittie and the same shall they haue that shall enforme and none of theyr names that receyue these rewardes shall bée noted in our bookes that they may not be knowen This was the proclamation of the thrée men as I coulde translate it out of Latine into Gréeke Lepidus was the firste that dyd condemne and the firste of the condemned was Paulus his brother The second that did condemne was Antony and the second that was condemned was his vncle Lucius for they firste condemned these as enimies The thirde and the fourth was of them whiche in an other booke were appoynted to be Consuls in tyme to come Plotius brother to Plancus and Quintus Father in lawe to Asinius and these were not the rather putte before other bycause of theyr dignitie onely but as muche for terrour and desperation that none shoulde hope to be saued Thoranius was among the coÌ„demned men who as some say was Tutor to Caesar By and by after these coÌ„demnations the gates were kept and all other passages and portes of the Cittie Fennes also and Moores and any other place suspected to bée fitte to flée vnto or for them that fledde to be hydden in The Capitaynes of the bandes were commaunded to raunge the fieldes abroade and to searche diligently and all this was done at once Forthwith bothe in the countrie and the Cittie as mennâ— were taken there was greate suddayne slaughter and diuerse kyndes of murders cuttings off of heads to be shewed for rewardes sake Then was there hasty fleyng and vnséemely sight of them that before were goodly to be séene some leapte into puddles some into ditches and sinckes most vncleane some got vppe to the smoky
rouffes and chunmes or sat close with deepe silence vnder heapes of tyles some were as muche afrayde of their wiues or children that bare them no good will as they were of the killers some of their frée made me some of their bondmeÌ„ some creditours of their debtours some of their neyghbours coueting their groundes what souer had bin kept in before theÌ„ it burst forth a cruell and confused mutation of Senators of Consuls of Pretours of Tribunes of newe elect to those ostices or of them that had borne office It was to sée them fal at a slaues féete with teares namyng him sauiour and good maister and more pitifull it was that when they hadde done all this they could get no grace there was all shapes of miserie not as in sedition or sacking of a Cittie where men myghte feare their foes and enimies and trust their families but here they were more afrayde of them than of the killers The whiche beyng voyde of feare otherwise than in tumulte and warre they sodainelye of friendes were made enimies eyther for hydden hate or for the proclaymed rewards or for the gold and siluer in their houses for by thys occasion euerye man waxed extremely vnfaythful to his maister and their reward did ouerwhelme naturall dewty toward the same and he that was faythfull and wel willing was afrayde to help to hyde or conceale for the crueltie of the punishment The former feare of the seuentéene men did amaze them againe for then non being named but many sodaynly taken all were afrayde of the like and therefore sought togither for defence For vpon these proscriptions some were by and by giuen in pray to euery man and some being sure of themselues and desirous of the gaine hunted out the other to haue reward of the killers The reste of the common sorte some spoyled the houses of them that were killed which profit drew their minds from common féeling of present mischief some more temperate and mylde were astonished and amazed It séemed wonderful to them to consider that other â—â—ttâ—es being â—â—done by sâ—dâ—â—iâ—â— haue bin preserued againe by agreement Thiâ— Câ—â—tieâ—â— theâ—â—uision of the rulers hadde consumed and their agréement broughte it to desolation some dyed resisting the killers some withoute reuenge as not knowing by whome they were maimed There were some that killed themselues with voluntarie hunger some vsed halters some drowned their bodies some threwe themselues downe from the house toâ—â—â— some leapt into the fyre some offered themselues to the strykers some tarryed when they were called some hid and disgrated themselues vnséemelye some resisted the euill and thoughte to haue boughte it out some besyde the sentence of the thrée men of ignorance or deceit were dispatched as it did appeare by one that was slaine and not condemned when the head was shewen The condemned persons heads were brought before the seats in the common place that they that had brought them might receiue their goods On the other syde there was as much care and vertue bothe of women children brethren and seruauntes sauing and shifting for many and dying with them if they could not bring to passe what they ment and some killed that came to kill them Oh them that fledde some were drowned in the Sea Fortime being in all againste them some beyonde all hope retourned to offices in the Cittie to be Capitaines in warre and triumphes â–ª Suche demonstration made that season of things to be wondred at And these were done not in a priuate Citie nor in a weake and little kingdome but in the moste mightye and the Ladye of so manye nations bothe by lande and sea God himselfe did stirre it to bring it to that good order that nowe it is in There were suche thinges done of Sylla and before him of Marius the chiefe of the which I haue shewed in their liues and then men laye vnburyed But these doings for the worthynesse of these thrée men especiallye for the vertue and fortune of one of them whiche brought the Empire to a sure scate and left a stockâ— and name to them that now remaine after him a man may worthily think to be far of more importance which as they were more or lesse notable and be more fresh in memorie and lately done I wil declare yet not al for they be not worthy the telling â–ª that touche the simple death fléeing of them that were pardoned of the thrée men whiche after they retourned liued a life vnknowne but the moste maruellous that may make a manâ—frayd and cause credite to that is spoken before They bée manye and manye of the Romaines haue in many bookes written these of themselues of the which I wil shew briefely a fewe of the greateste in euerye sorte for the reliefe of the same and for the happynesse of the tyme that now is The euil began at the firste brunte â–ª of them that were yet in office And 〈◊〉 the Tribune was the firste that was kylled whose power was sacred and sure by lawe excéeding the reste so as the Tribunes haue committed some Consuls to prison This was the Tribune that fyrste forbadde that Antony shoulde be declared an ennimye after the whiche tyme hée stucke altogither to Cicero Understanding the intelligence of the thrée men and theyr approche to the Cittie hée made a feaste to his friendes as one that shoulde not ofte so doe againe The Souldioures running into the house they arose with feare and trouble The Capitaine of the bande commaunded them to be quiet and still but Saluius as he sate he tooke by the heare till he mighte dispatch hym and vppon the table cutte off hys heade and commaunded them within to make no businesse leaste if anye trouble were raysed they shoulde suffer the lyke and they béeyng astonished remained after the Captaine was gone til midnight with the Tribunes Coryse The seconde that was kylled was Minutius a Pretor setting in iudgement in the common place Understandyng that the Souldioures were commyng hée leapte downe and thinking where be mighte hide hymselfe hée chaunged hys garment and ranne into a shoppe sending awaye hys seruauntes and hys shewes of office They for reuerence and pitie tarying stil agaynst their wil made the killers the â—â—â—â—er to finde their mayster â–ª Annalis an other Pretor goyng about with his Sonne that labored to be a treasurer to few to them that gaue voyces hys friendes that were with hym and they that bare the maces of his office vnderstandyng he was condemned forsoke hym â–ª Hée fledde vnto a tenaunt of hys whiche had a straight and a homely house in the Suburbs for all purposes very fifte and was hid safe till hys Sonne that thought he was fled thyther brought the strykers to the house and was rewarded of the thrée menne with his Fathers goods and chosen a Chamberlayne of the Citie who beyng after very dronke and troubling the Souldiors the same killed him that dispatched his Father Choranius not
thousande foure hundred in the valuation of their goodes Then it was decréed that euery man that had more than tenne Milions as well Citizen straunger fréemade man religious as all sortes sparing none and that with the like feare of punishment and the like penalties they should giue the fiftith parte of their goodes as an interest to them and pay a yearely tribute for the warre And as these by commaundement were put vpon the Romaines so the armye with contempt did worse for where the Princes in these doings had their only trust in them they craued of them house land possession and whole substance of the confiscated persons Some required to be adopted children to those men Some deuised other shiftes for they killed them that were not condemned and chalenged their houses that were not accused in so muche as the Princes commaunded one of the Coâ—suls to make correction of things done otherwise than was commaunded But he being afrayde to touch the Souldioures least he should prouoke them against him put to deathe a fewe Seruantes that wente abroade in Souldioures manner And these were the chiefe to the ende of the calamities of the condemned men Nowe what contrary to all hope hapned to some to theyr safetie of the suddayne and to honor at length it shall delighte me to wright and be a pleasure for other to heare that for no aduersitie they should giue ouer hope They that could escape fledde to Brutus and Cassius and to Cornisicius in Libya who tooke the peoples part Many wente into Sicelie an I le nigh Italie where Pompey receyued them very gladly for he shewed most notable care for the afflicted sorte sending cryers abroade to call all sortes to him and to them that coulde saue any whyther they were frée or bonde he propounded rewards double so muche as the killers had Boates and Shippes of burthen did méete them that sayled and Galleys béeyng full at euery shore shewed tokens to them that went amisse and saued all that they mette He receyuing them that came gaue them raymente and liuing forthwyth The worthy sorte he vsed in hys army or his nauie and when the thrée men and he shoulde make a truce he woulde neuer graunte to it tyll they that were come to hym shoulde be comprised in it So was he moste profitable to hys afflicted Countrey and wanne greate glory to hymselfe not inferioure to that hée hadde of hys father Others béeyng otherwise â—â—edde or hydden tyll the truce some in fieldes some in graues and some in the Citie lyued with sharpe paynes There were loues incredible shewed of Women to theyr Husbandes due and of chyldren towarde theyr fathers and of Seruauntes againste nature to their maisters the which as they be most notable I will declare Paulus brother to Lepidus the Captayne 's hauyng reuerence vnto hym as a brother of a Prince with theyr leaue sayled to Brutus and after to Miâ—eto at the whiche place peace not yet béeyng made hée obteyned returne and was called home but woulde not Lucius Uncle tâ— Antonie Antonyes mother kepte hym not hydde béeyng hyr brother the Captaynes for the most parte honouryng hyr as the mother of a chiefe ruler but after they vsing violence she came forthe into the common place and to Antony that saâ—e wyth the other Princes she sayde I confesse O Prince that I haue receyued Lucius that I haue hym yet and will kéepe hym till thou kill vs both togyther for the lyke payne is appoynted to the receyuers He reproued hir as a good sister but as an vnkynde mother for that shée ought not to saue Lucius but shoulde haue stopped hym when he iudged hyr Sonne an enimie neuerthelesse he caused Plancus the Consull to decrée hys reuocation Messalâ— a noble yong man fledde to Brutus The thrée men fearing his wisedome wrote thus â–ª Since the friendes of Messala dothe affyrme vnto vs that hée was not a medler when Caius Caesar was kylled we put hym out of the proscribed number But he dyd not accepte the pardon but when Brutus and Cassius were kylled aboute Thrace the armye whyche remayned greate hauing Shyppes money and good hope woulde haue hadde Massala to bée theyr Captayne who refused it and persuaded them to gyue place to aduerse fortune and to ioyne wyth Antony Wherefore hée was in greate credite with Antonie and agréed wyth hym tyll hée reproued hym for hys wanton dealing wyth Cleopaâ—ra and then he wente to Caesar who made hym Consull in Antonyes place when hée was agayne declared an enimie after hée dydde fyghte agaynste Antonie in the battell by Sea at Actiâ— Caesar sente hym agaynste the Frenche that reuolted and graunted hym to triumph for the victorie Bibulus also was accepted to Antony with Messalae and was an Admirall for Antony and wente agaynste Caesar when they warred togyther and beyng Presidente of Syria vnder Antony there he dyed Acilius fledde from the Citie secretely and béeyng betrayed of hys Seruaunte to the Souldyoures hée persuaded them in hope of muche money to sende some of them to his wyfe wyth a token whyche he tooke them She broughte vnto them all hyr store saying she dyd delyuer all vnto them as though they woulde performe theyr promise but yet shée knewe not whether they woulde or no but she was not deceyued of thys good liking for they hyred a shippe for Acilius and sente him into Siceliâ— Lentulus béeyng desired of hys wyfe to flée wyth hym and diligentlye attendyng on hym he for that hée woulde not putte hyr to the daunger fledde secretely into Sicelie where â—éeyng made a Lieutenaunte of Pompey hee sente hyr worde howe hée was â—scaped and in office She hearyng where hyr Husbande was secretely lefte hyr mother who had good eye vpon hir and wyth two Seruauntes wyth greate payne and wante she as a slaue went till she came to Messina from Reggiâ— aboute nyghte and easilie learning where the Lieutenantes Tente was she founde Lentulus not as a Lieutenant but with a poore bâ—dde layde vppon the grounde and simple dyet for desire of hir Apuleius wife threatned she woulde bewray hym if he fledde alone wherefore againste his will he tooke hir with him and it was his happe in that fléeing not to be suspect going openly with his wife his men and his maides Antius his wife wrapped hir husbande in a couering and by that meane sent him with the Carriers to the Sea from whence he fledde into Sicelie Reginus wife put hir husband in the night into a filthy sincke into the which the Souldioures would not go in the day for the sauoure The next night she cladde him like a Colyer and gaue him an Asse to carie his coles and she folowed a little after in a litter which when the warders sawe suspecting some man to be in the litter searched it whereof Reginus being afraide â—anne backe and as a straunger prayed a
souldioure to be good to the women He angerly answering him as a Colier knew him notwithstanding for he hadde serued vnder him once in Syria and sayde goe boldly O Captayne for so it becommeth me yet to call thée Scoponius wife obteyned him of Antony and béeyng till that time of good fame did now heale one euill fortune with another Geta his sonne made a fire in the open parte of his house to burie his father that séemed to be dead whome he had hidde in a house in the Countrey newe made where the olde man disguising hymselfe layde a parchment before hys eyes and after the agréement was made he tooke away the parchment but founde his eye out for lacke of vse Oppius sonne minding to tarrie with his olde féeble father bare him on his backe till he was past the gates and the rest of the way partly leading him and partly bearing him he broughte hym safe to Cicelie no man suspecting or troubling the manner of it As they wright that Aeneas was reuerenced of his enimies when he bare his Father Anchises The people of Rome commendyng the young manne caused that afterwarde he was made Chamberlayne of the Citie And bycause hée coulde not beare the charges of his office for that hys goodes were confiscate the artificers fréely gaue hym to supply the same And the people that behelde hys shewes did euery man caste so muche money into the game place as they made him riche Arianus caused to be grauen on his Sepulchre by hys Testament thus Him that lieth here his sonne that was not proscribed did hide being condemned and â—â—eyng with him saued his life Metellus the Father and the Sonne the Father was a Captayne vnder Antonie at Actio â–ª where he was taken prysoner and vnknowen his Sonne serued Caesar and was a Capitaine at the same fielde When Caesar did gyue sentence vppon the captiues at Samo the yong man was presente The olde manne being brought foorth all forlorne with long heare miserie and wante and all transformed by the same when in order of the captiues he was called of the crier hys Sonne lepte from hys seate and embraced his Father whome he scarsly knew with teares and when he had ceased from sorowe hée sayde to Caesar This hath bene thine enimie O Caesar and I thy friende him thou muste punishe and me rewarde I desire thée to saue my Father for mée or lette me die for hym Euery man takyng pittie Caesar commaunded Metellus to be saued though he were hys very enimie and afore despysing many gyftes to be drawne from Antonie The seruauntes of Marcius with good loue and Fortune all the tyme of the proscription dyd kéepe hym within hys house till feare set aside Marcius came out of his house as from banishment Hirtius wyth hys menne fléeyng the Cittie wente aboute Italie deliuered prysoners and gathered them togither that fledde and tooke townes a few at the firste after moe in number till he had a sufficient armie and ouercame a parte of the Brutâ—â—ns from whence sendyng his army he sayled with them al to Pompey Restio that thoughte he fledde alone a Seruaunte followed hym secretelye beeyng broughte vppe of hym and aforetyme well vsed but after for euill conditions branded When Restio rested in a Fenne and did sée this Seruaunte so nighe hym he was afrayde to whome the Seruaunte sayde that hée did not so much remember his present brandes as hée dyd his former benefites and so caused hym so repose in a caue and prouided meate for hym as well as hée couldeâ— and after that the Cane was suspected and Souldyours drewe nighe to Restio where hée was the Seruaunte perceyuyng the matter followed and killed an olde man that passed by and cutte off hys heade the Souldiours beyng angrye and commyng aboute to take the killer hée sayde I haue kylled my Mayster Restio that gaue mée these brandes They tooke the heade to haue the rewarde and caryed it in vayne into the Citie The Seruaunt comforted bye Mayster and sayled with hym into Sicelie Appion restyng in a stable the Souldiours sought hym his seruaunt put on his garment and lay vppon his bedde and willingly receyued death for hys Mayster he sittyng by him in the forme of a seruaunt Memmius house was soughte of the Souldiours one of whose Seruauntes wente into a litter hys fellowes bearyng hym as he hadde bene theyr Maister and béeyng taken he was contente to die for his Maister who fledde into Sicelie Iunius hadde a frée made manne Philemon who hadde a fayre house where hée kepte hys Mayster in a vaughte in whiche they are woonte to laye Harnesse Money or Wrytinges and fedde hym in the nyghte tyll the Peace was made An other frée made man kéepyng the Sepulchre of hys Master did also preserue his Maisters Sonne in the same graue togither with his Father Lucretius wanderyng with twoo faythfull seruauntes for lacke of meate returned to hys wyfe beyng borne in a litter of hys seruauntes into the Citie as a sicke man when it happened that one of the seruaunts had broken hys legge hée wente on with the other tyll hée came to the gates where hys Father afore beyng proscrybed of Sylla was taken The Souldiours commyng aboute hym hée was muche afrayde for the lucke of the place wherefore hée fledde with a seruaunte and was hydde of hym in a graue and chaunsing that robbers of Sepulchers dyd searche graues the seruaunt offered hymselfe to bée spoyled of the robbers whyles the maister fledde to the gates and tarried tyll hys seruaunt came to hym whose garmentes hée put on and wente to hys wyfe vnder whose care beyng kepte hée was hidde betwene twoo beames till hée was pardoned by meanes made for him of some to the thrée menne And after peace was made he had the office of a Consull Sergius was hydde of Antonie hymselfe tyll hée hadde perswaded Plancus the Consull to proclayme hys reuocation agayne In the dissention of Caesar and Antonie when Antonie was declared enimye of the Senate hée onely openly gaue voyce for hys acquitall And thus these were saued Pomponius decked hymselfe lyke a Pretor and hys seruants lyke the Sergeaunts and so went thorough the Citties wyth his maces and Officers rounde aboute hym that hée should not bée knowne and at the gates hée tooke publyque coaches and wente thorough Italie euery manne receyuyng hym and sendyng to hym as a Pretor appoynted of the thrée menne to make truce wyth Pompey to whome also hée came in a publike Galley Apuleius and Aruntius counterfaiting themselues to be Capitaynes and their seruauntes Souldiours ranne to the gates as Capitaynes and pursued others and by the way they deliuered prysoners and receyued suche as came to them so as eyther of them had a sufficient bande with Ensignes and armour and sheâ—â—e of an army And chancing that by diuerse wayes they went toward the Sea
they bothe camped in one hil with great feare lookyng one to another In the mornyng not hauyng cléere sight and thinkyng that eyther of them had bene sente to destroy the other they fought it out very fiercely tyll they knewe the truthe Then repenting that déede they threw away their weapoÌ„s and wayled that fortune shoulde be so contrarie to them and tooke shippe the one saylyng to Brutus the other to Pompey And he went on with Pompey and the other vnder Brutus was president of Bythinia and when Brutus was dead deliuered it to Antonie and was saued A seruaunt of Ventidius when he was firste condemned put him in fetters as though he woulde haue deliuered hym to the killers in the night he perswaded hys felowes and cladde them lyke Souldiours and his mayster lyke a Capitaine and wente out lyke a bande appoynted and brought his mayster out of the Citie passing through Italy into Sicelie many tymes méeting other Capitaynes that sought Ventidius Another hidde hys mayster in a Sepulchre and when hée coulde not abyde the fearfulnesse of fansie in the Sepulchre hée hidde him in an homely house nyghe the whiche a Souldiour dwellyng he coulde not abyde that feare neyther Wherefore turnyng from feare to extréeme boldenesse he shaued hys head and played the schoolemayster in Rome till the truce Volutius being Aedile was condemned He hauyng friendship with a Priest of Isis borowed a stole and a vesture downe to the foote and put on a dogges heade and in that maner of furious seruice passed safe to Pompey The Calenians dyd kéepe Sittius the Citizen that had liberally spent of his substance vpon them with weapons warded him rebuking his seruants kéeping the soldiours froÌ„ the walles till the furye béeyng paste they sent to the thrée men for him and obtayned that Sittius excluded from the rest of Italy should remaine in his countrey So Sittius is the firste and onelye man that as a straunger was an outlawe in his owne countrey Varrâ— a Philosopher and a writer of Histories hauing doone good seruice in the warres and in place of a Lieutenaunt and therefore peraduenture as an ennimie to the Monarchie was condemned His friends béeyng desirous to receiue him and contending for hym Calenus obtay ned hym and kept him at his Vineyarde whither Antony came sometyme to walke and yet neuer a one within did bewraye Varro neyther of hys owne seruaunts or of Calenus Virginius an eloquentman taughte his seruauntes that if they kylled him for a little money and that with danger they shoulde get hate and at length be in great feare but if they saued him they should win sure glory good hope and hereafter money muche more abundant and certaine Wherefore they fled with him as with their fellowe seruaunte and in the way béeing knowne they fought with the souldiours and he being taken of them tolde them also that they woulde not kill hym for anye malice but for onelye hope of money which they shoulde haue more iustlye and plentifullye if they would go with hym to the sea where quoth he my wife hathe a shippe with mony They being persuaded brought hym to the sea his wife as shée was appointed came to the sea and bycause hir husbande tarryed thinking he had bin gone to Pompey she went hir way leauing a seruaÌ„t on shore to she whim so WheÌ„ Virginius was come the seruant ranne vnto him and shewed him where his shippe sayled what his Maistresse said of the money and that he was left behinde to tell him The souldiours perceiuing al to be true Virginius desired them to staye til he might call his wife backe or goe with him to hir for their mony They tooke a boate and with great labour rowed him into Sicelie where receyuing their promise they woulde not goe from him but tarryed with him till the ende A certaine Marrinet receyued Rebulus into a shippe to goe into Sicelie and required his mony which if he had not he would accuse him that he didde as Themistocles did when he fledde that is threatned he would accuse him for receyuing him for mony wherefore the Mariner was afrayde and broughte him vnto Pompey Murcus being a Lieutenante vnder Brutus was condemned and when Brutus was ouercome he was taken and made himselfe as a seruant whome Barbula bought and perceyuing him to be apte made him chiefe of his fellowes and gaue him money to bestowe and when he sawe him still more wise and diligent than the common nature of seruantes he put him in hope that if he were one of the proscribed men he woulde saue him if he woulde confesse it He denying it earnestly and declaring his stocke his name and former maysters he caried him to Rome thinking if he had bene a condemned man he woulde haue refused to goe But he followed chéerefully and being at the gates of the Consuls house a friend of Barbulas that saw Murcus in â—eruile maner wayting vpon him did secretly tell him in his eare He by Agrippa obteined of Caesar that Murcus was pardoned and remained friende to Caesar Not long after it happened that he was a Captaine in the warre againste Antonie at Actio and Barbula was a Capitayne of Antonies where fortune came about to bothe alike For when Antonie was ouerthrowen he was taken and counterfeyted to be a seruant whome Murcus bought as ignorant But shewing all to Caesar he obteyned hys pardon and so requited his former benefit To these fortune was like on both sides and so continued for they were officers togither in one dignitie at Rome Balbinus fléeing and retourning with Pompey and being made Consull it hapned that Lepidus of so great a Prince being made a priuate man by Caesar came to this necessitie y when Maecenas did accuse Lepidus his sonne of conspiracie against Caesar and also accused the mother as consenting to hir sonne and Lepidus himselfe as a weake man he despised the sonne he sent to Caesar to Actio for the mother bicause she was a woman and not to be â—aryed he required suretie to be putte before the Consull But when no man would be hir suretie Lepidus wayted many times at Balbinus dores and comming where he sate in Judgemente and being ofte repulsed of the officers at length with much ado he spake thus The accusers do confesse mine innocencie affirming that I am neyther consenting to my wife nor my sonne I didde not proscribe thée when I was one of the Proscribers Haue respect vnto the chaunces of the worlde and to me that attende vpon thée giue this grace that eyther my wife may goe to Caesar vpon my suretie or I be bounde to goe with hyr Whiles Lepidus spake this Balbinus considering the mutation deliuered the wife of hir bonde Yong Cicero was sent of his father into Grecia foreseing what would come From Greece he went to Brutus after Brutus death to Pompey with
the Tribute Thus Tharsus and Laodicea were punished Cassius and Brutus consultyng togither it séemed best to Brutus to remoue the armie from thence into Macedonia for greater consideration Bycause it was sayde theyr enimies had fourty legions and that eyght of them were past the Ionian sea Cassius thought the multitude of the enimie not to be passed of bycause in tyme their number shoulde be their destruction for wante and therefore that they shoulde sette vpon the Rodians and Licians friends to their enimies and hauing nauies least they should come vpon their backes when they had agreed they deuided their armies Brutus went against the Licians Cassius agaynst the Rodians for hée was brought vp there learned the Gréeke tongue And bicause they were very strong vpon the Sea he prepared exercised hys owne ships at Guido The wise men of the Rodes were afrayd to come to fight with the Romanes but the people was lusty recounting their former feats against other maner of men than these Their shippes also they gathered of the beste of the whiche were .xxxiij. when they had done so they sente some to Mindo to Cassius requesting him he woulde not reiect the Rhodes a Citie that euer did reuenge such as contemned them nor the coÌ„uentions betwene the Rhodians and the Romanes that one shoulde not beare armes against the other and if he did alleage any thyng for societie of warre that they woulde vnderstande of the Senate of Rome and they commaunding it they sayde they would do it Thus much they sayde He answeared that for the rest warre must iudge in stéede of wordes where the league coÌ„maunded they should not leauie armes one against another the Rhodians did conspire with Dolobella and ayded him against Cassius But where it coÌ„maundeth that one should help another and now that Cassius requireth it they vse a shifte by the Romane Senate which is scatered and at this present destroyed by the Tyrannes that be in the Citie which should be punished and so should the Rhodians taking their partes onlesse they did as he commaunded them Thus sayde Cassius WheÌ„ this was knowne at Rhodes the auncient men were the more afrayd The people were persuaded by one AlexaÌ„der Manasses remeÌ„bring vnto them that Mithridates came against theÌ„ with many moe ships before him Demetrius Therfore they made Alexander their chief officer called Prytanâ—o Manasses their Admiral Neuerthelesse they sent Archelaus embassadour to Cassius who was his schoolemaster in the Gréeke to intreate him familiarly and when he had taken him by the hande he spake to him as to hys acquayntance Thou that art a louer of the Gréeke language do not disturbe a Gréeke citie nor the Rhodes being a louer of libertie nor deface the Dorian dignitie neuer yet blemished since it firste began nor forget y goodly historie which thou diddest learne at Rhodes and Rome At Rhodes howe muche the Citizens of the same haue euer stoode to their defence against nations kings and such as were thought inuincible as Demetrius Mithridates for their libertie for y whiche thou sayst thou trauaylest In Rome what we haue done for you as wel against other as Antiochus the great there be pillers set vp of you as monumeÌ„ts of vs And thus much may he sayd to you O Romanes of our natioÌ„ of our worthinesse of our state neuer yet in seruitude of our societie choyse of you But in thée now Cassius a certaine great reuereÌ„ce I say remayneth toward this citie thy nurse thy scole thy Phisitian house wher thou didst dwell to my scole my self to other things wherein I toke paynes Now you well requite al this vpoÌ„ my countrie y it be not forced to make warre with thée that was nourished brought vp in it nor put vs to y necessitie of one of two things either that y Rhodians shal all be destroyed or Cassius ouercome I aduise thée further beside y I haue prayed thée that hast takâ— in hand this feate for the coÌ„mon welth of Rome y thou always make the Gods the guydes in so great a cause You Romanes did call the Gods to witnesse when by Caius Caesar ye made soleÌ„ne league with vs and by othe coÌ„firmed the same gaue vs your right hands which enimies performe shal not frieÌ„ds and felowes dâ— it Refraine now for Gods cause for the glory among men seing nothing is more barbarous than breach of league which make the offendours to séeme vnfaithfull both to friend foe WheÌ„ the old man had thus sayd he did not let Cassius hand go but he wept wiped his eyes with it that with that manner he might moue Cassius who for reuereÌ„ce was abashed with some passioÌ„ sayd thus If thou diddest not persuade the Rodians to doe me any iniurie then thy selfe hast done it but if thou diddest exhort and aduise them couldest not persuade them then I do reuenge thée I haue bene iniured euidently firste bycause I asking helpe of them that nourished and taught me am contemned and despised then bycause they preferred Dolobella whome they neyther taught nor brought vp before me and that that is the more haynous not onely before me but Brutus and other noble men whome you knowe well to be fledde from Tirannie and to be ready to fight for libertie of our countrie You the Rodianes louers of libertie preferred Dolobella before vs he séekyng to take the same from other and vs whome now you ought to fauour you pretend you will not deale with ciuill warre It were ciuill if we did couet vnlawfull power but now opeÌ„ warre is made of peoples rule against Tirannes state and you that haue popular gouernment do forsake the same and of them that do labour for their lawes and beare good will to the Romanes and be condemned to death without iudgement that be prescribed confiscate you haue no pitie at all But you answeare you will vnderstand the Senates minde which is now destroyed and can not helpe it self For ye knew the Senate had decréed to Brutus and me that al the inhabitants betwéene Ionia and the East should obey our coÌ„maundements Thou makest a rehearsal what you haue done for vs at our waÌ„ts for with good will you haue receyued reward againe But you forget that you denie help to vs that suffer iniurie for the sauing of our liberty whom you ought if there had bene no friendship betwirt vs but would now haue begon it to haue ayded the coÌ„mon cause of Rome few beyng of the Dorean libertie You bring foorth also leagues lacking other matter that Caius Casar the first author of Tirannie did make with you and say that the Romanes and Rodians should help one an other in their necessities Helpe you then nowe the Romanes that in greatest cause be in moste perill Cassius a Romane borne and a president of the Romanes dothe chalenge that league accordyng to the
Tribunes of Questors and of Gentlemen be brought and a rewarde appointed for the euill This is an insurrection most cruell that euer was against all sortes a sodaine slaughter of men and a straunge hate of women children fréemade men â–ª and seruaunts so farre and to suche a change is our citie turned The authors of all this mischiefe be the thrée men whiche afore other haue proscribed their brethren their vncles answearyng one an other our Citie menne say was taken of the wilde barbarous Yet the Celtes cut off no heads nor vsed villany with theÌ„ they toke nor prohibited any man to hyde himself or flée that warre neither did we euer vse any citie so which we haue takeÌ„ by force neither haue we persuaded other to do that now not a priuate citie but the chief of al doth suffer of them that affirme they do reforme and direct the common wealth What like thing did Tarquinius whom for the iniurie done to one woman that procéeding of loue being a king they banished and for this only act could neuer abide a kingdome And whiles these thrée O citizens do thus they terme vs seditious say they wil reueÌ„ge Caesar They do proscribe theÌ„ that were not present wheÌ„ he was killed of y which here be many whoÌ„ you sée being coÌ„deÌ„ned for their riches or houses or for fauoring the peoples gouernmeÌ„t By the which reason PoÌ„pey also was proscribed with vs beyng far of in Iberia when we did the déede bicause he is desceÌ„ded of a father that loued the peoples state for that he was called home of the Senate made admirall of the sea he is of these thrée men coÌ„deÌ„ned to death Did womeÌ„ conspire against Caesar whome they haue condeÌ„ned in a paymeÌ„t What did an 100000. of the people whoÌ„ they haue coÌ„demned to pay vpoÌ„ payne accusations proscribed theÌ„ onlesse they do it whereof they ought to be frée And they that with al they haue done caÌ„not yet performe theyr promise to their Souldiours we that haue done no wrong haue performed our promise to you reserue to do more when time should serue Thus God hath shewed his helpe to vs doing iustly and with God you haue now to consider men whoÌ„ you sée here your Citizens whoÌ„ you haue séene your Pretors your CoÌ„suls many times with prayse now you sée theÌ„ fleyng to you as to well doers louers of the people taking our part wishing wel to the rest that we shal take in hand More iust rewards be propounded of vs to the preseruers of theÌ„ than theirs that would destroy theÌ„ They care not for vs that killed C. Caesar that would haue ruled alone others that were with vs which remain in despite of his tiraÌ„nie take not the rule to theÌ„selues but leaue it to the people according to the country lawes This war is not takeÌ„ of like cause They make it for power tirannie whiche they haue shewed in their proclamatioÌ„ we make it for no such matter but only that our couÌ„trey being set frée we may liue priuatly vnder y lawes in order al good men the Goddes chiefly do iudge our cause The best hope to him y maketh warre is his iust cause Let it not trouble vs though we haue serued vnder Caesar for we serued not vnder him but vnder our couÌ„trie The gifts that were giuen were not Caesars but y couÌ„tries publique neither is this y armie of Bâ—â—tus or Cassiw but y Romanes we being your felow soldiours Romane captaynes Whiche if they that make warre against vs would vnderstaÌ„d euery maÌ„ might safely lay downe his armure reÌ„der all the armies to y citie make choyse of such as might be profitable to it which we only desire But seing they wil not chose this for y wicked tyraÌ„nie they haue shewed let vs O warre felows go to it with sure hope to serue as frée the Romane Senate people for their libertie Then euery maÌ„ cried let vs go let vs go we desire to marche out of hande Cassius being glad of this forwardnesse caused sileÌ„ce to be made againe thus sayd All the Gods y be Lords of warre requite O war felows your faith proÌ„ptnesse Now then vnderstand what prouistoÌ„ we that be your Captaines haue made as men y be fauoured of the Gods how farre we excéede our enimies in number goodnesse We haue armed legions equall with them we haue fortified our places with good garde as wel as they in horsmen nauies we do passe them in aliance of kings princes nations from Asia we surmount theÌ„ They come vpoÌ„ vs only on y face we go vpon them on the backe also For we haue Pompey in Sicelie Murcus in Ionia Norbanus also lieth with a great nauie two legions to stoppe their passage by sea all places behinde vs be voyde of enimies both by land sea As for mony whiche some call y strength of warre they want neither can performe their promise to their old soldiours nor exact so much of y condeÌ„ned men as they supposed bycause none of their frends is willing to buy y places which they haue put to sale otherwise they can get nothing for Italy is wasted with sedition tributes condeÌ„nations We with great care haue got present pleÌ„ty wherewith we may gratifie you agayne and muche more collected of the nations behynde vs to bée broughte vnto vs And victuall the greatest wante to mighty armies they haue none but onely from Macedonia a mountaine countrie and Thessalia a straight region whiche with great toyle they muste conuey by lande For if any thyng be brought them from Affrica Lucania or Iapigia Pompeius Murcus and Domitius shall shutte them vp We bothe haue and shall haue from the Sea the Ilandes and all places of the continent euery day without any difficultie betweene Thracia and the floudde Euphrates and that without daunger no enimy beyng at our backeâ— wherefore it is in our power to doe our feate wyth spéede or to doe at leysure to consume our enimies with hunger Thys haue you O felow Souldiours by mans prouision the reste shall answeare in order thorough you and the Gods. We haue gyuen you for former matter all that we promysed you requityng your fayth with multitude of gyfts the greater labour wée will worthily recompence accordyng to the determination of the Goddes And nowe to them that shall chéerefully goe to this feate for thys assembly exhortatioÌ„s sake we wil giue now euen from thys seate to a Souldiour a thousande fiue hundreth Drammes of Italie to a Capitayne of a bande fiue tymes so muche and to a Tribune accordyng to the proportion When hee had sayde thus and encamped his army with worke worde and gyftes hée dismissed the multitude They remayned praysing Brâ—tus and hym very muche and promysed to doe for them all that shoulde bée conuenient They gaue then the gyftes out
so many When Cassius was put from his campe could no more get to it he wente to the hill of Phillippi and behelde what was doone But hee neyther coulde well sée nor heare for the duste and noyse onelye hée sawe hys owne Campe spoyled Wherfore hée commaunded Pindarus hys page to kyl hym with his owne sworde Pindarus stayde at the matter and in the meane tyme a messenger came and tolde that Brutus had ouercome Caesar and possessed his Campe. To the whiche Cassius saide tell him we are ouerthrowne and all the victorye is his Then he turned to Pindare and sayde why doste not thou ridde me of thys dishonor and so offering hys throate Pindarus cutte it Thus they saye Cassius died Some tel after this sort that a bande of Brutus horsemen came to bring him the good newes He thought they had bene his enemies and sente Titinius to knowe the truth The horsemen receiuing him with great ioy as a srend made a loude noyse Cassius fearing he had fallen in his enimies hands said thus we haue suffered to sée our friend taken of oure enimies and weÌ„t in with Pindarus and that he was neuer séen after so as some thinke that Pindarus did it not This was the ende of Cassius life it chaunfing so that the day of this foughten battel was the daye of his birth Titinius killed him selfe for his long tariance Brutus bewayling the death of Cassius as a rare Romaine such a one as the like was not to be founde for vertue valiantnesse called him happye that hee was ridde of cares and troubles the whych would bring him to the like ende He committed his body secretly to be buryed that the army shoulde not be discouraged at the sighte of it and withoute meate or sleepe remayned all that night in setting Cassius men in frame Day being come the ennimies were in order againe to fight that they should not séeme to haue the worsse Brutus perceyued their intente and sayde Lette vs arme also and make a shewe likewise that wée are not inferiour Which when he had done the enemie retired Then he sayde pleasantly to his friendes They séemed to prouoke vs as the weaker but they wil not putte the matter to tryall The same day that the field was fought at Philippi an other very great seate was done in â—onio Domitius Caluinus did lcade in gret ships â–ª iâ— legioÌ„s to Caesar that had y name of Martial being so called for the honor of their valiantnesse He led also a baÌ„d for his guarde of two thousande men and foure troupes of horse other numbers gathered together with a fewe Galicyes Murcus and Otnobarbus mette them with one hundred and thirtie long Shippes A fewe of the former Hulkes fledde by good sayling The other by the sodayne ceassing of the winde in a sea calme and still were caught being by very fortune giuen to the enimies who without feare boâ—ged and brake them not hauing any helpe of their fewe Galleyes being compassed of so many Greate and diuers was the trauaile of them that were in perill linking themselues togither with their Cables and with weapons courage putting themselues in order y the enimie should not vse them though they ouercame them Murcus threw darts ofnÌ„re which did quickly burne the byndings the ships se uered asunder to auoid the fyre The galleys were ready to hinder them euery way wherewith the souldiours beyng grieued and especially the Martialls that beyng better in valiantnesse shoulde pâ—râ—the for lacke of fyghting some kylled themselues with the fire some leapte into the enimies galleys and kylled some and were killed themselues the shyppes halfe burned weÌ„t their way carying men some consumed with fyre some with waÌ„t thirst Some with y Cables or plancks were carried to y rockes or desert shoars some were saued beyond al reason some continuing flue dayes by eating pitche osf the cables and sayles helde out till they were briuen to lande by the byllows Thece were many that gaue themselues to their enimies being ouercome with calamitie â—vij of their Galleyes yéelded whose souldiers Murcus tooke to him Caluinus the General came fiue dayes after to Biundâ—se with one shippe being thoughte to haue bene lost This happe was in â—onio the same day that the fielde was at Philippi whether you wil call it a shipwrack or a shipfight The which euils coÌ„curring together being after known caused the greater feare Brutus called his army together sayd thus There is nothing O fellowe souldiers in yesterdayes fight but that maketh you superiour to your enimies You gaue the charge chéerfully when no warning was giuen you the fourth legion so renoumed to them in whome their battaile had their confidence you ouerthrew vtterly their army you droue to their campe their campe you first toke and after spoyled in so much as you haue farre ouercome the losse you had in the last batail And where you might haue made an ende of all your trauayle you chose rather to fall to spoyle than to followe your enimies that were ouercome for many of you running before them set vppon their spoile And in this one they haue but the of oure campes but we haue all that they had so as the recompenceof the losse is double And hauing this aduantage in the fight how much other wise we do excéede you may learne of the captiues for their want of victual for the striuing for it for the difficult bringing oâ— it and for the euident getting of so little For from Sicelie Sardinia Libya and Iberia they can haue none for Pompeius Murcus and Oenobarbus they keping those Seas with two hundreth and thrée score shippes Macedonia they haue consumed now only they haue from Thessalia which how long can it serue them Therefore when you sée them offer to fight then thinke they chiefely be forced by hunger and doc choose death rather by their handes Let vs contrarywise foresée that hunger may fight for vs that we may take them the féebler and more consumed when it shal be fit Let not vs be carried with affection before due tyme nor thinke flownesse or quicknesse to be experience nor haue oure eie vppon the sea backewarde which ministreth to vs suche foode and seruice when we see that victorie is ours without daunger if you will abide and not distruste that thoughe they come forth and prouoke vs not stronger than we as the worke yesterday shewed but for auoyding further feare that all the courage which I desire you to kéepe you may shew forth when I shal require you at once and the perfect rewards of victorie when the gods shall haue giuen their sentence of vs by our perfect déeds I will giue vnto you And now for yesterdayes vertue I giue to euery souldiour a thousand drammes and to your Capitaines as the proportion requireth Thus he said straight diuided the gifte to euery legion same say he promised
a Friende better than an Enimie and committed Lucinus to wayte vpon one of his friends and after vsed hym as hys assured Brutus fledde to the mountaynes with a conuenient multitude that in the night he might returne to hys campe or take hys way by the sea But when he hearde all passages were kepte hee continued with all his people in armes And they say hée looked vp to the Starres saying O Iupiter thou knowest who is the cause of these euils meaning Antonie which they say Antonie after in his priuate perils did confesse saying That where he might haue ruled with Brutus Cassius he was now a slaue to Octauio That night Antonie continued in armes that he might haue Brutus makyng a trench of dead bodies and of the baggage brought togither Caesar labouring till midnight â–ª withdrew himselfe for sicknesse committyng the charge of the army to Norbanus Brutus perceiuing what wayte his enimies made for him and hauing no more but foure legious where with he was wel warded desired the chiefe of his host whiche now were ashamed and repented of their act to sende to sée how they might make way to passe the traynes and to recouer their owne that was kept in the abaÌ„doned tentes They being vnwilling and now considering more than they did and that God was agaynst them tolde their Generall they had giuen him euill counsell and they hauing tried fortune so oft woulde not now put any more hope in their matter Then Brutus sayde to his friendes I am no longer profitable to my Countrey Hée called one of his moste trusty friendes named Sâ—rato of Epirâ— and wylled hym to kyll hym ouâ— of hande who entreatyng hym to take better aduice called â–ª one of hys seruauntes and sayde O Brutus in thy laste commaundement thou shalte not wante neyther thy friende nor thy seruaunt And hauyng thus sayde hée thruste hys â—â—orde into Brutus side neyther râ—sistyng nor helpyng Thus Cassius and Brutus died moste noblâ— and worthy Romanes and but â—or one faâ—te â—uer folowed vertue Whome Caâ—â—â—â— Caesar of enimies takyng Pompeyus part had made â–ª â—réendes and of friendes vsed them as his chyldren and the Senate had them euer in greate regarde and pitted their chaunce and for their twoo sakes decrâ—â—â— an acte of obliuion of all thyngs and when they â—lâ—â—de sente them to prouinces that they shoulde not séeme to flée â–ª Not omittyng yet the honour of Caesar nor forgettyng hys feates of whose vertue and fortune they maruelled beyng aliue and when hée was dead buryed him with publique expence and proclaymed hys workes to bée immortal â–ª â— apoynted offices prouinces for y most part by his assignement â–ª not findyng any thyng better than Caesar had determined But the care and regard for these men brought them into a suspition of false accusation they were so honored of al men And of the best of the banyshed men they were thought most honorable though Pompey were at hande whose cause was not vnpardonable and they farre off and voyde of reconciliation needyng many things scarsly hauing two legions They gathered after twentie legions and as many thousand horsemen and about â–ª twoo hundred long shippes with other sufficient furniture and money moste plentifull of the willyng and vnwillyng nations and Cities that they ouercame and their enimies of the contrary faction They hadde the rule of all the Realmes from Macedonia to Euphrates and whome soeuer they ouercame they brought them to their societie â–ª and hadde them moste trusty they vsed Kings and Princes and the Parthians although their enimies in matters of small accompt but when they came to greate thyngs they coulde not abide them bycause they woulde not accustome a barbarous and hostile nation among the Romanes And moste maruell of all it is that their army beyng the moste parte of Caius Caesars and desirous of his felicitie for good will and affection they coulde turne to the contrary parte to him being killers of him and wente with them agaynst Caesars Sonne and more faythfull to them than to Antony fellow in rule and enterpryse with â—ctaâ—ian For none of them lefte Brutus or Cassius when they were ouercome But Antonie at Brunduse they forsoke before the triall The pretence of paynes bothe vnder Pompey and nowe was not for themselues but for the name of the peoples gouernment ouer glorious but not commodious For bothe of them when they sawe they coulde bée no longer profitable to their countrey dispatched themselues alike â–ª In their seuerall considerations Cassius was iâ—â—utable as they that in the combattes will neuer gâ—ue ouer onely hauyng regarde to the daunger But Brutus in euery place was full of affabilitie and gentlenesse and not ignoraunt of Philosophy Yet by these men the acte agaynst Caesar was done contrary in all thyng beyng no simple worke nor in no small matter for it was agaynst their fréende contrary to reason and agaynst their well doer vnthankfully whome hâ—e had saued in the warre and agaynst the chiefe ruler iniustly in the Senate house and agaynst an holy man hauyng on an holy vesture and suche an officer as neuer was the lyke so profitable to all menne and to his countrie and Empire The whiche God did punishe in them and many times gaue tokens of it For when Cassius was purgyng his hoste the Sergeant put on the crowâ—e the wrong way and hys golden consecrate vesture of victory fell to the grounde many greate byrdes sitting vpon the campe made no noyse and swarmes of Bées were continually aboute him Brutus they say celebratyng hys birthe day in â—amo vpon the sea beyng nothyng mery aboute it without occasion did caste forth this verse But me cruel destenie and Lâ—tones sonne doth destroy Goyng with his army betwéene Asia and Europa and watchyng in the night when lighte fayled a fearefull shape appeared to hym Whome hée boldly askyng what man or God hée was the vision answeared I am Brutus thyne euill lucke and at Philippi I will appeare agayne vnto thée And they say he sawe hym there before the laste fight and when the armie wente out of the campe an Ethiopian mette them whome as an euill token they killed In these things also was a diuine worke That Cassius in victorie yet indifferent gaue ouer all hope without any cause and Brutus dryuen from hys good determination of refrayning fighte fallyng into the handes of them that were forced by famine hymselfe hauyng plentyfull foode and shippes at commandement and was rather ouercome of hys â—amâ—â—iers than of hys enimies and where they had fought many fieldes they neuer had no hurte Bothe of them were killers of themselues as they were of Caesar Thus Cassius and Brutus were punished Brutus body beyng founde Antonie cladde it with a purple pall and when hee had vsed it with fire hee sente the relikes to hys mother Seruilia Brutus army when they hearde hée
but wyll onelye tell the truth which I cannot dissemble I tooke thys warre agaynste thée not that I woulde bée a Prince if I hadde dispatched thée but that I myghte haue broughte the Common wealth to the rule of the Senate whyche is nowe taken awaye by the power of thrée as thou thy selfe canste not denye For when you begunne it confessyng it vnlawfull you sayde it was necessarye for a tyme Cassius and Brutus beyng alyue who coulde not be reconciled vnto you They being taken awaye the reste if any rest there be being afraide of you and takyng armes not agaynste the Common wealth and youre tyme beeyng ended I requyred that the oppressed Senate myghte be restored not regardyng my brother before my Countrey For I hoped to haue perswaded him at his retourne and I made haste to doe it in the tyme of myne offyce If thou wouldest haue doone so thou shouldest haue hadde the glorye alone but bycause I could not perswade thée I wente to the Cittye and thought to gette it by strength and force being a Senatoure and a Consull These were the onelye causes of this warre not my brother not Manius not Fuluia nor the landes diuided to the Souldyoures that wanne the fielde at Philippi not the pitie of the olde possessioners cast out of the landes for by myne authoritie some were appoynted to landes for my brothers Legions the olde owners spoyled But thys calumniation thou dyddest deuise that thou myghtest putte the faulte of the warre from thy selfe to me and the newe inhabiters And by thys arte wynnyng the heartes of the olde Souldyoures thou hast wanne also the victory for it was persuaded them that I woulde putte them out by violence These deuices were to be vsed when thou madest warre agaynste me Nowe béeyng Conqueroure if thou bée an ennimie of thy Countrey make mée an enimie also that coulde not remedie it béeyng lette by famyne And thys I speake fréelie gyuing my selfe as I sayde into thy handes shewyng what I thought of thée before and nowe also béeyng with thée alone Thus much of my selfe Now as concernyng my friendes and the whole army if thou wilte beléeue me I wyll gyue thée most profitable councell Doe not vse them hardly for my cause and matter and séeyng thou arte a man and subiect to vnstable fortune make not thy friendes the flower to venture for thée if they shall sée examples gyuen of thée nothyng to be hoped but to the Conqueroures And if thou reiect all my councell as of thyne enimie I maye not bée ashamed to craue pardon of thée that thou wouldest not exacte punishmente of my friendes for my faulte or missefortune but rather turne all vppon mée whyche am the cause of all these troubles for I haue lefte them behynde me of purpose least if I shoulde speake these things in theyr hearyng I shoulde séeme to séeke myne owne cause To thys Caesar aunswered When I sawe thée come to mée withoute an Heraulde I came apace out of my campe that thou myghtest fréelie doe that myghte bée for thy good And séeyng thee acknowledgyng thy faulte thou commyttest thy selfe to my power I néede not confute the thyngs whyche thou hast obiected againste me firmely but falsely hurting mée now as thou 〈◊〉 before For if thou haddest come to make confederation thou shouldest haue come to an angrye Conqueroure not without a cause But now séeing without any condition thou giuest thy selfe thy friends and army to vs al anger is taken awaye al necessitie of truce is cutte off For nowe I muste consider not so much what you haue deserued as what is seemly for mee to doe whyche I hadde rather doe eyther for Gods cause for my cause or for thy sake O Lucie neither will I deceiue the expectation that thou haste broughte with thée Thus much do I find in the dayly notes of the Chronicles of that time in this matter Caesar maruelled at the noble stout courage of Lucius ioyned with prudence and Lucius maruelled at the clemencie and quicke briefenesse of Caesar the other gathered comecture of their talke by the countenaunce of them bothe Then Lucius sent to the chiefe Captaynes that they shoulde receiue the watche worde of Caesar They brought a booke of the number for so was the manner as it is now that when the captaine asketh the watche word he offereth to the Prince a booke of hys number euery day Receyuing the watch worde they did not leaue the wented watches for so Caesar commaunded that they should kéepe watche seuerally The nexte day Caesar sacrificed and Lucius sent the hoste to Caesar carying their harnesse but going in their common apparel and a farre off they saluted Caesar as Generall and stayde legion by legion as Caesar hadde appointed for he deuided the olde legions from the young When he hadde sacrificed he sate in the Generals seate and commanded euery one to lay down their armour which beeing done hée commaunded the old souldiors to drawe nighe that he mighte reproue their vnkindnesse and make them afraide yet his meaning was knowne well ynough Then whither it was of purpose or of affection Caesars souldioures came â—ute of theyr places and embraced Lucius souldiors and wept and sued to Caesar for them and they woulde not leaue but stil cryed vppon Caesar so as there was muche mourning But Caesar chaunging hys minde and appeasing the multitude said thus You my fellowe Souldyers haue alwayes so well serued me as I can not deny you anything The yong Souldyers whiche I thinke haue serued iustly vnder Lucius standerd I remitte but those that haue héeretofore bin ioyned wyth you in warre and now be saued by your meane I woulde aske what miurie I haue done them or what grace denyed them that they shoulde serue another and beare armoure against me and you and theÌ„selues for I suffered all the paynes for diuision of the landes of the which these were partakers whose lâ—udenesse nowe if you will sufferme I will punish But they denying that and coÌ„tinually calling for pardon I graunt quoth he that you demaunde let them goe frée so as heereafter they agree with you whyche beyng promised on both partes thanks were cryed to Caesar who was contente that some shoulde be lodged in houses The common sorte he wylled to lye in theyr Campe where they fyrste were placed tyll he sente them to wintering Then sitting in the hygh seate he called Lucius and the chiefe out of Perugia among whome were many Senatoures and Gentlemen all in heaâ—ie shape who béeyng out of the Towne a garrison entred When they were come Caesar tooke Lucius to hym the other were committed to hys friendes and officers béeyng warned to keepe them in honest and secrete custody The Perugians crying for pardon ouer the wall he commaunded to come without the Senate only whyche béeyng done he pardoned them The Senatoures were putte in prison and after kylled except Lucius Aaemilius who being
they did and drewe to the side of Antonyes Shippe where they saluted and embraced one another and the armye of Aenobarbus receyued Antony for theyr Generall yet was Plancus scarsly assured And Antonie tooke Aenobarbus into his owne ship and sayled to Poloenta where Aenobarbus had his footemen And there Aenobarbus gaue place to Antonie in the Generals tent From thence they sayled to Brunduse where was fiue bandes of Casars in garrison The Brundusians shut the gates to Aenobarbus as an auncient enimie and to Antonie as one that brought an enâ—nie Antonie tooke this pretence to be done by Caesars commaundement and therefore fortified the narrow parte of earth that ioyned to the Citie with ditche and trenche For this citie is almoste an Iland in a porte lyke a crescent whiche by lande could not be come vnto when this cliffe was cutte from it and the place fortified Antonie also did beset the hauen which is very great and all the Ilandes in it with many Castels that hée made He sent also into sundry coastes of Italy to take the fitte places and exhorted Pompey also that hée should inuade Italie as much as he coulde He gladly sent Menodorus with a great army .iiij. legions to gette Corsica which was Caesars where he tooke two legions beyng amased at this attonement with Antonie Antonies Captaynes tooke Sigunto a citie in Ausonia Pompey befleged Thurij and Cossentia placed his horsemen in their fieldes Caesar troubled in so many places at once sent Agrippa to releue Ausoniae He commaunded the Souldiours that were placed to serue but they vnderstandyng that it was done by Antonies coÌ„sent denied whiche troubled Caesar moste of all Yet he wente to Brunduse with an other army and by fayre wordes made the soldiours to go with him the whiche practised by secrete meanes to reconcile Caesar and Antonie And if Antonie woulde not they woulde sticke to Caesar who was now sicke at Canusio and had a greater armie than Antonie When he was come to Brunduse sawe how Antonie had cut off the lande from the Towne hée lay and wayted his aduersaries dayngs Antonie was stronger in munitions by the meane whereof he sente for his armie out of Macedonie and vsed this policie to put country men by nighte into his shippes bothe Galleys and other and to make a shewe of a great army to come from Macedonia and so began to beate Brunduse whereof Caesar was sory for he coulde not helpe it At that euening it was tolde that Agrippa had recouered Siguntum and that Pompey was repulsed from Thurio and that Cossence was still beséeged whereat Antony was sory And hearing that Seruilius was comming to Caesar with one thousande and two huÌ„dreth horse he could not stay but straight froÌ„ supper with greate rage tooke his fréendes and .iiij. C. horse and valiantly gaue the onset vpon a M. and v. C. and tooke them sléepyng at Vria and brought to Brunduse So great a fame was still of him for the victory hée gotte at Philippi The garde of his person would come to Caesars campe and vpbrayde them their vnkindnesse to hym that saued them at Philippi Who answeared that they did but defende themselues Then they obiected one agaynst an other The one that they were excluded from Brundusio and that the armie of Calenus was taken from them The other that Brunduse was besieged and that the coast was inuaded and aliance made with Aenobarbus a killer of Caesar and with Pompey a chief enimie At length Caesars men opened their minde to Antonies that they felowed Caesar not forgettyng Antonie beyng desirous that they might be reconciled But it Antonie would not relent they woulde do their vttermost And this talke had they in Antonies campe Whyles this was a doyng newes came that Antonies wyfe was dead who coulde not beare hys vnkyndnesse leauyng hir sicke not bidding hyr farewell Hir death was thought very coÌ„modious for them both For Fuluis was an vnquiet woman for ielousie of Cleopatra raysed suche a mortall warre Yet the matter vexed Antony bicause he was â—uÌ„pted the occasion of hir death L. Cocceius was fréend to theÌ„ both He the Sommer before was sente of Caesar with Cecinna to Antonie into Asia and Antonie sente Cecinna home kept Cocceius still He séekyng occasioÌ„ to trie Antonie told him Caesar had seÌ„t for him desired he might departe asked whether hée woulde wryte to Caesar or no Antonie was content hée should departe But as for wrytyng sayde hée what shoulde we wryte but tauntes one to an other seyng wée are nowe enimies And I wrote to hym by Cecinna the copie whereof you shall haue if you wyll I brought you letters from hym sayde Cocceius and enimie you can not take hym that vsed your brother Lucius and your other fréendes so well Why quoth Antonie hée shutteth me out of Brunduse and hath taken myne armie and prouince that Calenus kepte And where hée is good to my fréendes hée hath made them by hys benefites mine enimies Then Cocceius not mindyng furder to stirre so angry a man departed And when Caesar saw hym marueling he had tarried so long sayde â–ª I haue not saued your brother that you should become mine enimie how cal you sayd he your freÌ„ds enimies take froÌ„ them their armies prouinces wherto Caesar sayd After the death of Calenus so great a charge ought not to be giuen to so yong a man as Calenus sonne Antonie being absent Lucius Asinius Aenobarbus in armes against me As for PlaÌ„cus legions I intercepted that they shoulde not go to Pompey as the horsemen did These things were tolde otherwise to Antonie sayde he yet he beléeued nothing till he was shutte from Brunduse I knewe not of it sayde Caesar neyther did I commaunde it the Brundusians the garrison that I left could not abide him when hée brought with him Aenobarbus a killed of Caesar and a proscribed maÌ„ who after the field at Philippi beséeâ—ged Brunduse and yet troubleth the coast of Italie burned my shippes spoyled the countrey You haue sayd he coÌ„sented one to the other to make alliance with whom ye wil. Neither haue Antonie ioyned with any manqueller more than you haue for regard of your father Aenobarbus is no man killer neyther any decrée of anger made against him neither was he priuie to that purpose And if he be thought vnworthy pardon bicause he was fréend to Brutus then must we sée whether al other be not in his case CoÌ„federacie is made with Pompey not to hurte you but if you make warre vpon Antonie to haue his societie if not to reconcile hym to you who is boyde of faulte but you are in the faulte For if warre had not bene made in Italie they durste neuer haue sente Embassages to Antonie Caesar replied and sayde that Fuluia Lucius and Manius began the warre in Italy And Pompey durst neuer before inuade the coast of
put them in daunger of choking with that which being yet troubled the soldiours were in desperatiō But Cornificius cōforted them tolde thē there was a well at hand so they put backe those rude people till they came to the well which they found possessed with other enimies of like sort Then they were vtterly out of hope For they saw an army cōming and could not tell whether it was fréend or foe but it was Zaronius whom when they that kept the well saw they fled fearing to be interclosed Whereat the weary soldiours made great ioy with shoutes cryes which Laronius answered They runne on heapes to the wel Their Captayne 's forbidding thé to drinke too hastily they that would not folow that coūsel died presently Thus beyonde all hope Cornificius broughte his army safe to Myla to Agrippa who had taken Tyndarida furnished wyth all things necessary and fitte for the warre by Sea whither Caesar sent both footemen and Horse He had in Sicelie one and twenty Legions twenty thousande horsemen and aboue fiue thousande light Horse Pompey held yet with garrisons Mylas Nauloco and Peloro and all the Sea coast who being afrayde of Agrippa kept continuall fyres to vse against the Ships He kept the mouthes of Taurominio and Myla and shutte the pathes of Mountaynes with walles He also molested Caesar beyōd Tyndarida who would not yet fight and supposing that Agrippa would arriue he went with speede to Peloro leauing the streightes of Myla whiche Caesar forthwith did take with a little towne called Dianio notable by the tale of the goodly Oxen which were taken away when Vlysses slept When the noyce of Agrippa his comming was ceassed and that Pompey heard the streightes of Myla were possessed hée called for Tifieno with his army Caesar going to encounter wyth him missed his way in the nighte in the hill of Myconio where he lay without a tent And whereas the rayne was very greate as is wont in Autumne he stoode all night vnder a French target the Souldyoures holding it ouer him The horrible and fearefull sounds of the hill Mongibello were heard and the flashing of fire was séene and y sauoure of y brimstone was felt in so much as the Germanes lept out for feare and thought it no tale that they had heard of that hyll After this he wasted the Countrey of Palesteno where he mette with Lepidus taking vp corne and they both layde séege to Messana Many skirmishes there were but no great battell Then Caesar sente Taurus to kéepe victuall from Pompey and take the Cities that remained for hym by the which difficultie being driuen to his tryal he determined to aduenture all at one fight And bycause he thoughte himselfe too weake by land he sent his Herald to require the fighte by Sea. And albeit Caesar had no good will to match by sea hauing hitherto had euill lucke yet thinking it dishonorable to refuse him he appoynted a day to the fighte with thrée hundred shippes on a side furnished with all weapons and defence that they coulde deuice Agrippa inuented a graple that is a raster of fiue cubites long layd ouer with yron hauing a cricle or ring in eyther ende and in the one a crooked hooke of yron and in the other many ropes which drew the hooke by gynnes when it was cast with a sling agaynst the enimies Shyppes When the day was come the first onset was of the small vessels not withoute escries throwing dartes and stones and shotte fyred as well by hand as by engine The ships rushed one against another some on the sides some on the sterne and other on the Poupe thereby the Souldyoures were shaken and the vessels broken Some vsed their shotte and dartes a farre off and there were little boates to take vp all that fell in the water The Souldyoures and the Marriners contended who should do best The exhorting of the Captaynes did good and the engines did help most of all the graple whiche reached the small Ships a farre off for the lightnesse and held them fast drawyng them by the ropes neyther coulde it be cutte off bycause it was couered with yron nor the ropes be touched bycause of theyr length Neyther was this engine knowen that they might haue armed their weapons with yron They rowed on the suddaine thrusting their Ships on the sterne to get aloose When the enimies did so then was the force of mē equal but when the graple came it was a thing by it selfe The Ships fought ioyned togither and leaping out of one into another and scarcely coulde the one be knowne from the other Their armour and weapōs was alike their shape was all one Their priuie token was vnderstood to both which was cause of muche deceyt and after of confusion for they distrusted their owne for feare to be deceyued and so did not know what they might do In the meane time the hurt was great the sea was full as well of men as of armoure and rumes of the broken and crushed vessels For after they came to fyghte at hande they threw no more fire Both the armyes of footemen stoode vppon the shore wyth doubtfull mynde whyther the victory woulde encline for in a multitude of syxe hundred Shyppes they coulde not discerne béeyng all alyke excepte it were the couloure of theyr toppes wherein they onely differed and onely they coniectured by the markes they hadde and by the noyses and voyces howe the matter went But when Agrippa vnderstoode that Pompey had the worse hée exhorted hys Souldyoures to stande to it that they myghte obteyne the victory whyche was in theyr handes and so they dyd wyth suche furie and violence as the enimie fledde and ranne themselues a ground where they were eyther taken or burned whiche when they that kepte the Sea dyd see they yeelded Then the Nauie of Caesar sang the song of victory the whych the footemen on the shore aunswered with no lesse gladnesse but Pompey perceyuing the ouerthrowe fledde to Messina not remembring his forces of footemen the which by and by yéelded to Caesar and shortly after the Horsemenne did the lyke The whyche when Pompey hearde he commaunded to put all things into the seauentéene Shyppes that were lefte and leauing the habite of a Generall woulde flée to Antony whose mother hée hadde saued in lyke daunger And that he myghte bée the better welcome he sente to Plennius to bring the eyght legions that hée had at Lelisbeo whyche he woulde leade wyth hym But when he perceyued that his friends and Souldyoures did continually yéelde to Caesar and that the enimie was entred the narrow sea although he was in a strong and well furnished Citie yet hée would not tarrie for Plennius but fledde wyth hys seauentéene shippes After he was gone Plennius came to Messina and kept that Citie This was the end of this last fighte by sea in the
whyche only thrée of Caesars ships were sonke and seauen and twenty of Pompeys The remnant were all defeated by Agrippa except xvij with the which Pompey fledde away Caesar remayned at Naulecho and commaunded Agrippa to beséege Messina whiche he did with the fellowship of Lepidus Plennius sente for peace Agrippa thoughte it good to deferre the aunswere tyll the morning But Lepidus was contente and to winne Plennius Souldyoures to hym permitted halfe the spoyle of the Citie to them which they hauing obteyned beyonde all hope beyng glad to haue gone with theyr liues that night sacked the citie with Lepidus Souldyoures By this meanes Lepidus wanne Plennius legions who sware vnto him so as nowe hauing two and twenty legions with a great nauie was not a little proude and thought to winne Sicelie bycause he had gotten diuers places before to the which he sent his garrisons to kéepe out Octauian The next day Caesar expostulated with Lepidus by his friendes saying he came as a confederate to resort to Sicelie and not to get y I le for himselfe and he alleadging that his authoritie was taken froÌ„ him and that Caesar had it alone he could be content to render Africa and Corfica for Sicelie Then Caesar was angry and came vnto him and charged him with ingratitude and departed so as they stoode in doubt of each other kéeping warde seuerally The Shipyes lay at anchor and it was suspected that Lepidus intended to haue burned Caesars ships The armies fearing a new ciuill warre had not the like estimation of Lepidus that they had of Caesar for him they accompted wise and diligente and y other remisse and negligent bycause he suffered their enimies to be partakers of the spoyle When Octauian vnderstoode this he caused his friends to deale with the Captaines secretly and to promise them liberally and many were wonne vnto him specially of Pompeys band thinking their state not sure excepte Caesar coÌ„sented to it Caesar came in person with many Horsemen which he left without the trench and entred the Camp with a few vnbeknowing to Lepidus for lacke of foresight protesting that new warre was moued against his will wherefore the Souldioures saluted him as Generall and Pompeys parte that were corrupted asked him forgiuenesse To the which he said he maruelled that they should aske forgiuenesse not hauing yet done that was conuenient for them They vnderstanding his meaning tooke theyr ensignes and brought them to Caesar Other pulled downe theyr Tentes But when Lepidus heard the tumulte he came out armed and streight a fray began where one of Caesars Pages was killed himselfe stroke through the brest plate but not hurte wherefore he departed in hast to his Horsemen A garrison iested at his running away whereat he was so angry as he was not quiet till he had beaten downe that Castell the whiche being done other Castels gaue ouer in like sort some presently and some the nighte following some neuer spoken to some pretending some occasion by béeyng vexed of the Horsemen yet some abode the brunt and repulsed theÌ„ for Lepidus euery where sent helpers to them the which reuolting also the rest that were willing to him changed their mind And first againe the Pompeyans that yet remayned with him for sooke him by little and little Lepidus caused other to be armed to kepe theÌ„ in who being armed to that inteÌ„t toke their ensignes with the aid of others ioyned theÌ„selues to Caesar Lepidus threatened them that went and prayd them also and he tooke the Standerds and sayd he woulde neuer deliuer them but wheÌ„ a Souldyour said Thou shalt deliuer them dead he gaue place The last that for sooke him was the Horsemen who sente to Caesar to know if they shoulde kill hym which he denyed Thus Lepidus being for saken of all men and hauing lost his army changed his habite and went to Caesar and many ranne to sée that sight Caesar rose when he came and would not suffer him to knéele but depriuing him of all authoritie reseruing only a priestly office in y apparell that he came he sent him to Rome Thus he that had bin many times a Generall and sometime one of the thrée rulers making officers condemning many as good as himsolfe liued a priuate life vnder some of theÌ„ whome he had attainted before Caesar would not persecute Pompey nor suffer other to do it either bycause he would not meddle in another mans iurisdiction or would behold Antonyes doings to haue iust occasion to fall out with him For now that al other aduersaries were taken away it was thought ambition woulde make them two quarell or bycause Pompey was none of the conspirators as Caesar did after affirme Nowe had he an army oâ— â—ld legions of xxv M. Horsemen and of other Souldyoures as many more which he gathered togither He had sixe hundred Gallyes and many shippes of burthen which he sent to the owners He gaue the Souldyoures a rewarde for victory and promised more in time to come He distributed crownes garlands and other honors and foâ—gaue Pompeys Captaynes Thys so greate felicitie Fortune did â—uâ—ie for his owne armie fell to mutinie destring to be discharged and requiring the rewarde promised at the field of Philipps He aunswered that thys warre was not like any of the other notwithstanding he woulde reward them for all togyther with Antonyes Souldyers when he should returne But as concerning their discharge he put them in remembrance of their oth and obedience But séeyng them styll obstinate he ceassed hys rebukes least the Souldyoures lately yéelded should follow their trade and promised that Antony and he would discharge them in conueniente tyme and that he would now not vse theÌ„ in any cruell warre for by the help of God all was ended and done and nowe he would leade them into Slauonia and other barbarous nations where they shoulde get great booties They sayde they woulde not gâ—â— vnlesse hée woulde rewarde them thoroughly He sayd he would reward them and also giue them garianoâ—s garmentes of honor and prayse Then sayde Ofilius one of the Tribunes Garlandes and purple garmentes bée rewardes of Children Souldyoures had néede of money and landes The multitude sayde it was true Then Caesar was gréeued and came from his scate and they that stoode nexte the Tribunes praysed him and rebuked the other that woulde not agree wyth them He sayde he was sufficiente alone to defende so iust a cause The nexte daye he was not séene nor coulde bée knowen where he was become Then the Souldyoures not one at once for feare but altogither requyred to be dismissed Caesar spake as feare as he coulde to theyr Captaynes and discharged them that had serued at Philippi and Modena as the most olde Souldyoures and commaunded them to depart the I le least they should corrupt the rest Thus much he sayd to them that he discharged that
a confederate of such might and estimation When Antonie hearde this he sayde If Pompey meaneth good faith I haue giuen commission to Titius to bryng him to me In the meake 〈…〉 Pompeâ—â— messengers that were sente to the Parthians were taken of Antonies officers and brought to Alexandria of whome when Antonie had learned all thyngs he sente for Pompeis Embassadours and shewed them to them Then they exellâ—â—d hym beyng a yong man and in extréeme necessrie fearyng to be reâ—â—â—â—ed of him and dryâ—â—en so proue the moste mortall enimies of the people of Rome â–ª but if he were sure of Antonies mynde hée should néede no furder suyte He beâ—éeued it as a playne man and nothyng suspitious Furnius beyng president of Asia receyued Pompey very gently not beyng hable to reâ—ect hym nor sure of Antonies minde But when hée sawe hym trayne his Soldiours hée gathered an aâ—my of the countrey and sente for 〈…〉 capitayne of the armie and for Amyntas a fréende who assemblyng â–ª quickly togither Pompey complayned that hée was vsed as an enimy When he had sent Embassadours to Antonie and loked for answere from him In the meane while he practised to take 〈…〉 by the helpe of Cuâ—â—â—ne hys fréende but the practise being discouered Curio was put to death and Pompey kylled hys laâ—e bondman Theodorus who was â—nely priute to that counsell And because he doubted of Furnius he tooke the citie of Lampsaco by composition where many Italians dyd inhabite appoynted by Iulius Caesâ—r whome hée allured to his pay with great promyses Now had hée two hundreth horse and thrée regions and besieged Cyzicus both by sea and lande from the whiche he was repulsed For there was a litle bande of Antonies and certen sworde players that were brought vp there And where Furnius absteyning from battayle old cuermore encampe nigh him and kept him froÌ„ soraging which he went aboute in the territorie of the Acheans Pompey set vpon the fore parte of hys campe and sente other aboute to do the like behinde Whereby Furnius resisting him hys campe was taken of the other and dryuen to flée by the fieldes of Scamandria where Pompey killed many of them for the fielde was moyst with the shoures They that escaped durst not turne againe to the fielde The people of Mysia Propontide other plaâ—es that were pore consumed with payment came to 〈…〉 seruice beyng renounâ—ed for hys late victorie But wantyng horsemen and beyng shrewdly handâ—ed in foragyng he heard of a bande of Italian horsemen goyng to Antonie whiche Octauia had sente from Athens and sente to corrupt them with golde The president of the countrey tooke them that brought the money and distcibuted it to the horse men Pompey at Nâ—cea and Nicâ—media gathered muche money with greate successe Furnius agayne comming into the fielde and encamping nigh him there came .lxx. shippes out of Sicelie in the spryng which were leste of them that Antonie had lent Caesar And Titius came out of Syria with a hundred and twentie shippes and a greate army all the which arriued at Proconnesco of the which Pompey being afrayde burned his shippes and armed his Mariners hauing more trust in the lande But Cassius of Parma Nasidius Saturninus Therinus Antistius other honorable friendes of Pompey Furnius moste déere vnto him Libâ— himself his father in lawe when they saw that Pompey was alwayes to weake they yéelded themselues to Antonie He being thus forsaken went into y midland of Bythinia entending to go into Armâ—nia Furnius Tituis folowed him he being secrete departed out of his tents and with great iourney they ouertooke him at night and seuerally encamped aboute an hill without ditche or trenche beyng late and they weary That night Pompey set vpon them with thrée thousande men as they were sléeping put them to flée naked shamefully but if hée had assayled them with his whole power or folowed them as brokeÌ„ he had gotten perfect victory But fortune would not suffer and he got nothing thereby but that he went on his iourney They recouering horses folowed him and kepte him from victuall so as beyng dryuen to speache hée desired to speake with Furnius that was some tyme â—â— fréende of hys Fathers and a man of greate dignitie And stâ—ndyng on the banke of the riuer hée sayde hée had sente Embassadours to Antonie and in the meane season wantyng victualles dyd that hée had done If you make warre vpon mée by 〈…〉 ies commaundeme he seeth not wel for himself not receyuing a greater warre to hang ouer hym But if you do it vpon your owne authoritie I pray you and beséeche you that you would ceasie till my Embassadours returne or carie me safely to him And to you O Furni I will committe my selfe so you will promise me to deliuer me safe to Antonie Thus much hée sayde hopyng in Antonie as a gentle man and séekyng to passe his iourney quietly To whom Furnius thus answeared If thou wouldest haue coÌ„mitted thy selfe to Antonie thou shouldest haue done it at the first or beyng quiet haue looked for answeare at Mâ—â—yiene but makyng warre thou haste brought thy selfe to this case if thou repentest thée blame not vs Antonie hath appoynted Titius to receyue thée to hym therefore committe thy selfe of whom thou mayst require that thou requirest of mée For he commaunded that if thou playest the parte of an enimie to kill thée if not to bryng thée honorably vnto him Pompey was offended with Tiâ—iâ— as vnthankfull bycause hée had made this warre agaynst hym whome he once tooke and saued hym Therefore Pompey was the more grieued to come into his handes that was but a méane man whose fidelitie he suspected eyther of his behauiour or of the former iniurie hée had done him before he did him pleasure Wherefore once agayne he yéelded to Furnius desired to be taken but it was not graunted Then he desired Amyntas â—ight take him which wheÌ„ Furnius sayde he should not do bycause it were a wrong to him that had commission from Antonie and so they brake Furnius Soldiours thought hée woulde haue yéelded the nexte day to Titius But he in the night makyng fires after the 〈…〉 and founding the trompe at euery reliefe of the watche with a few went out of the campe not tellyng them what he woulde doe for hée meante to haue gone to the sea and haue set Titius campe a fire whiche 〈…〉 he had 〈…〉 had not 〈…〉 gone from him and 〈…〉 his departure and whiche may he went Then Amyntas folowed him with 〈◊〉 hundred horsemen to whom whom he drewe nigh his people forsâ—â—ke hym some openly and some secretely When he sawe himself forsaken of all sides hée yéelded to Amyntas without condition refusing Tiâ—â—â—â— conditions Thus the yonger 〈◊〉 of great Pompey was taken â–ª losing his father when he was very yong and his
the courte to Alexandrîa and there gaue hymselfe to feasting and banquettyng so as the Alexandrians dyd nothyng else a great whyle but make good cheere This maner of felowship vsed among them that woulde lyue they forsooke and beganne an other whiche was called of them that woulde die togither the whiche was not inferiour to the other in delicacie nor superfluitie and as many as had sworne to dye togither made suche feastes in order by course one to an other Cleopatra beside all this gaue hyr selfe to the searche of moste spéedy poyson and venom and caused not onely suche growyng thyngs as were accompted moste effectuous to be sought but also the lyuing beastes and Serpentes and made a proofe of them all in some of hyr folkes Then bothe shée and Antonie sente to Caesar Shée requyred that the kyngdome of Aegypt myght be entayled to hyr chyldren Antonie desired hée myght lyue a pryuate lyfe in Athens if hée might not doe it in Aegypt For lacke of other fréendes they were fayne to sende Euphronius their Schoolemayster to him For Alexas of Laodicia had deceyued Antonie and by the meane of Herode the Iewe gaue hymselfe to Caesar who dyd not accepte hym put him in chaynes and sent him to die in his countrey This rewarde had hée for hys vnfaithfulnesse to Antonie Caesar would not heare Antonyes requests but promised Cleopatra all kinde of courtesie if she woulde reiect Antony He sente his Liberte Thyrenus a learned man that might moue that magnificall Lady wyth the hope of so lusty a yong Emperoure He vsed so long and pleasing oration that Antony had him in suspition therefore he toke him and caused him to be whipped wrighting to Caesar that he was stirred by his pride and insolencie which would moue a man though he were in miserie And if this quoth he doth gréeue you take my Liberte Hipparchus y is with you and whippe him and then we shall be euen Nowe Cleopatra that she might wipe away all suspition honoured hym maruellously and celebrating hir owne birth daye meanely as hir case required she honoured his so nobly and princely that many that came pore to the feast wâ—nt rich away At this time Agrippa wrote to Caesar from Rome that in anye wise he should repaire thither for the case required his presence By this occasion the warre againste Antony was deferred tyll the next sommeâ— when Caesar sent forces againste his Captaynes in Affrike and went himselfe against him in Asia And when he had taken â—elusio it was suspected that Cleopatra was contented that Seleucus shoulde deliuer it but she to purge this crime toke the wife and children of him to be punished She had a goodly sepulchre made ioyning to the Temple of Isis in the whiche she had placed all hir treasure and princely things And Caesar being afrayd that if she were driuen to desperation she woulde set all on fire put hir in great hope alwayes Now was he come wyth his army to the Citie and his horsemen lay at the horserace vppon the which Antony came out so fiercely as he droue them to the Camp. Then he returned into the Court and tooke Cleopatra in his armes and kissed hir and recommended him vnto hir that had fought best and she gaue him an head péece and a coate armour of golde Yet he that night fledde to Caesar Then Antony challenged Caesar once againe to fight hande to hand Caesar aunswered there were many wayes for Antony to dye Then seing there was no way so honourable to dye as in fight Antony determined to set vpon Caesar both by Sea land and at supper bad his meÌ„ drinke make merry for he coulde not tell if they should do so any more or serue other Lords for as for himself he shuld not liue And wheÌ„ they wept at the words he sayd he would not leade theÌ„ to a fight by the which he might rather hope for a glorious death thaÌ„ a sure triumphaÌ„t victorie About midnight was heard ouer al the citie such a pleasant noyse musicke as is went to be vsed in that sacrifice of Bacchus the which weÌ„t forth of y Citie into the enimies Camp. It was expounded that the God whom he had most serued did now also forsake him In the morning he brought forth his footemen placed theÌ„ vpoÌ„ the hilles about the citie where he stood to sée that successe of his nauie the which comming nigh to that enimie saluted theÌ„ as friends they did the like so yéelded to theÌ„ When this was perceyued Antonyes horsemeÌ„ fled to Caesar also his footemen did fight it out were ouercome which being done he retired into the citie crying he was betrayd of Cleopatra to theÌ„ against whome he had made war for hir sake She being afrayd of his furie got hir into hir Scpulchre causing the bridge to be drawne to be kept close and shut This done she sent one out to tell him that she was dead WheÌ„ he heard it he sayd Why teÌ„ptest thou Antony TheÌ„ he weÌ„t into his ChaÌ„ber vnharnessed him saying O Cleopatra I am not tormented that I am without thée for I wil soone be with thée but that I being so great a Captayne should be preueÌ„ted of thée y art but a womaÌ„ in such a case of fortitude Heros his faithful seruaÌ„t was with him whom before he had sworne to kill him wheÌ„ he should commaund it Now saith he is the time for thée to do it and toke him his sword He turned his face and killed himself and fell dead at Antonyes féete Ah good Eros quoth Antony where thou couldest not abide to doe it to me thou hast taught me to do it my selfe and so he thrust the sword into his belly and layd downe vppon his bed The stroke was not so great as it could dispatch hym there fore he commaunded them that were by to make an end of him but they went out of the chamber leauing him crying and lamenting til Diomedes came from Cleopatra to bring Antony to hir who hearing she was aliue commanded to be caried to hir in their armes to y dore of the monument which Cleopatra would not open but lot downe shéetes lines to heaue him vp whyche she and hir two women did that onely were with hir there It was a pitifull sight to sée him all bloudy and yéelding the ghost to be halled vp so hardly holding forth his hands and stretchyng himselfe toward hir as well as he could the pore womeÌ„ not hauing streÌ„gth ynough to do it till Cleopatra with both hir haÌ„ds beÌ„ding downeward as much as might be got him vp they that were below crying vpon hir to haue pitie vpoÌ„ him WheÌ„ she had him in she layde him vpoÌ„ a bed lamenting and tearing hir mourning wéede wiping the bloud froÌ„ his face called
selâ—e well know My Kyng hauing power will sufficient to reuenge â–ª doth suffer that you may be witnesses of sight of his iniuries The which bycause you know and sée Mithridates desireth you friends and confederates as a friende and confederate for so do the couenants tearme vs that you woulde helpe vs against Nicomedes that dothe vs wrong or forbid him to do vs any more Thus sayd Pelopida Nicomedes Embassadors making aunswere to the contrarye sayde that Mithridates had long layd traynes for Nicomedes and sent Socrates with an army for that kingdome which would haue bin quiet and iustly suffered his elder brother to raigne Thus did Mithridates againste Nicomedes whome you O Romanes appoynted Kyng of Bithinia Whereby it is manifest that these things be done not more againste vs then against you By the like authoritie it being commaunded to the Kings of Asia that they should not meddle with Europe he hath taken much of Cherronesus and these be his aâ—es against you of despighte disdeyne and disobedience His great preparatioÌ„ and so great furniture as to a great and notable warre as well of his owne armye as of consederates of â—â—racia and Scythia and other nigh nations He hath married with the King of Armenia He hath sente into Egypt and Syria to allure those Kings He hathe thrée hundreth armed Shippes and is making more He hath sent for maysters and gouernoures of Shippes into Phenâ—â—ia and Egypt All this is not against Nicomedes but against you O Râ—manes done by Mithridates disderning euer since you haue commaunded hym to leaue Phrygia as no right possession which by decepte he bought for money of one of youre Generals Being gréeued also that Cappadocia is giueÌ„ by you to Ariâ—barzanes fearing your increase and taking occasion against you by vs and if 〈…〉 to deceyue you It is wisedome not to tarrie till he conf 〈…〉 make warre against you but rather to looke to his actes than to his wordes nor to be deceyued with his counterfet naâ—â— of frendship and to forsake youre true and firme friendes in déede neyther to sée your iudgemente of our Kingdome to be despised of him that is an enimie both to vs and you Thys sayde Nicomedes Embassadoures Pelopidas came agayne to the Romanes audience once more accusing Nicomedes of the things that were done of old and prayd the Romanes to be Judge These things that now be done sayde he he hath done in your sight Mithridates Kingdome he hathe diminished the Sea he hath shutte spoyles he hathe carryed away This néedeth no debating or consultation but we once agayne pray you eyther to correct that is done or to help Mithridates do that that hath suffered the wrong or lastly O Romanes not to forbidde hym to reuenge himselfe but let them two trye it out This aunswered Pelopidas It was certayne that the Romanes fauoured Nicomedes and for a fashion heard their controuersies but somewhat they were moued at the wordes of Pelopidas And bycause Mithridates was yet in league with the Romanes and stoode in doubt what to aunswere presently and hauing with wisedome considered the matter they aunswered thus Neyther will we haue Mithridates suffer any thing wrongfully of Nicomedes neyther suffer warre to be made vpon Nicomedes for we thinke it not good for the Romanes that Nicomedes should be hurt When they had thus sayde and Pelopidas woulde haue made aunswere to their sentence so doubtfull they wente from the seate When Mithridates sawe that he was manifestly iniured of the Romanes he sent his sonne Ariarathes with a great army to reigne in Cappadocia and he expelled Ariobarzanes and had the kingdome Pelopidas commyng agayne to the Romane officers said thus What Mithridates hath borne at your haÌ„ds O Romanes being spoiled of Phrygia and Cappadocia you haue heard What hurt Nicomedes hath done him you sée let it passe we appealing to your amitie and leage And as though we were the accusers and not accused you aunswere that you thinke it not profitable for the Romane state that Nicomedes shoulde be hurte as though he were iniured You O Romanes are the cause that things be done in Cappadocia againste the state of Rome For thorough youre contempt of vs and your subtill aunsweres Mithridates hathe done thys and now he sendeth Embassadoures againste you to youre Senate to whome he sendeth you worde to aunswere and that you attempt nor begin any thing to kindle this warre withoute the common consent of the Romanes And that Mithridates hathe in his fathers kingdome conteyning in length twenty thousande furlongs gotten many nations about hym Colchos a warlike nation and the Gréekes that dwel at Pontus and the Barbarians that be next them He hath friends ready to do his commaundement Scythians Taurians Basternians and Sarmatians and all that be about Tanais and Hister and the fenne of Maeotis â–ª Tâ—rbanes of Armenia is his sonne in lawe and Arsaces the Parthian hys friende He hath a nauie of Shippes whereof some bée readye and some to be made â–ª and a furniture conueniente in all poyntes The Bithinians dyd not nowe saye vntruely to you of the Kynges of Egypt and Syria who be lyke not onely to take oure parte if warre bée made but also Asia that you haue lately gotte Grecia and Libya and many nations of Italy that can not beare youre ambition do make an endlesse warre wyth you whych bycause you cannot ceasse you sette Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes vppon Mithridates by turne You say you are friends and confederates and you aunswere so but you vse hym as an enimie Nowe then go to if of things past you repente yée eyther forbiddâ— Nicomedes to molest your friends and if you doe this I promise you that Mithridates shall ayd you against the Italians or breake that fayned friendship â–ª or let vs goe to be iudged at Rome This sayde Pelopida And bycause it séemed too presumptuous â–ª they commaunded that Mithridates shoulde not deale with Nicomedes nor Cappadocia and that they woulde sette Ariobarzanes in his kingdome agayne and that Pelopidas shoulde depart froÌ„ their Camp and no more returne as Embassadoure except the King woulde stand to this order Thus they aunswered â–ª and sente hym awaye wyth kepers â–ª that he shoulde corrupte none as he wente When this was sayde not tarrying the Senates wyll for the warre or the peoples consente they gathered an army of Bithinia and Cappadocia and Paphlagonia and Galatia in Asia Theyr owne armye which Lucius Cassius had in Asia was ready and all their confederates gathered togither whyche they diuided into diuers Campes Cassius in the middest of Bithinia and Galatia Manius that way that by Bithinia was against Mithridates Appius with another army at the hylles of Cappadocia hauâ—â—g horse and footemen to the number of fortie thousand They had a nauie of Shippes whyche Minutius Rufus and Caius Popilius gouerned kéeping the mouth of Pontus Nicomedes came to them wyth fiftie thousand footemen and sixe
crye being made on eyther side there was great might shewed on both parts The Romanes couering themselues with their shields did now digge downe a corner of the Campe but the defendours put them backe with their shorte weapons and none durst enter till Basillus the Captayne of that legion firste lept in and killed him that resisted him al the army followed then flight and slaughter was made of the Barbarians of some as they went of other being driuen into a lake that was nigh and where they coulde not swimme made prayers in their Barbarian tong to the killers of them that vnderstoode them not And Archelous was hidde in a Fenne where getting boates he sayled to Chalcida and gathered togither all the rest of the Kings army with diligence Sylla the nexte daye gaue Basillus a garland and rewarded others with giftes accordingly and then spoyled Soeotia that was euer wauering And being come to Thessalia wintered and tarried for the Shyppes that Lucullus hadde And bycause he could not tell where Lucullus was he made other Shippes In this time Cornelius Cinna and Gaius Marius his enimies in Rome proclaymed him Rebell spoyling his house and his Villages and destroying his friends He notwithstanding did all thinges as with authoritie hauing an army valiant and obedient Cinna chose Flaccus for his fellow in the Consuls office and sente him into Asia with two legions in the place of Sylla that was declared an enimie to be ruler of Asia and make warre with Mithridates Flaccus being vnexpert in the warres a man of the Senate of good will and beloued of the army named Fimbria wente with him They sayling from Brunduse many of their shippes were lost by winters weather and a nauie sent of Mithridates burned their Shippes that went in espiall All the army forsooke Flaccus being a malitious couetous and cruell man and part of them that were sente into Thessaly turned to Sylla The rest Fimbria being thought of them a better Captayne and of a more gentle nature than Flaccus stayed from reuolting and chancing that there was a coÌ„tention for a lodging betwéene him a treasurer and Flaccus leauing the matter vniudged and somewhat touching the honor of Fimbria he being disoeynefull threatned to returne to Rome and Flaccus appointed a successour to him for y things that were to be done Then Fimbria wayting him as he went to Calcida first tooke the maces from Thermo whom Flaccus had made officer against him as so receyuing the charge by the coÌ„sent of the army following Flaccus with anger til he droue him into an house out of y which escaping by night he fledde first into Calcide then into Nicomedia and shut the gates But Fimbria came vpon him and killed him being crept into a pitte being Consull of the Romanes and generall of the warre where he was but a priuate maÌ„ and was come with him as his friend at his request He cut of his head and threwe it into the Sea his carcasse he cast out vnburied so making himselfe Generall he foughte diuers fightes valiantly with Mithridates his sonne and droue the K himselfe froÌ„ Pergamo whither he followed him to Pitane where he beséeged him till by shippe he fledde to Mitylene Fimbria inuading Asia punished y faction of Cappadocia and spoyled the lands of them that woulde not receyue him The Ilians being beséeged of him fledde to Sylla who promised theÌ„ to come and willed theÌ„ to say to Fimbria that they were yéelded to him When Fimbria heard this he praysed them as friendes to the Romanes and desired them to receyue him as a Romane also â—estingly shewing that the Ilians and the Romanes were of affinitie Being entred he killed all that he mette and burned euery thing and the Embassadors that were sente to Sylla he tormented dyuers wayes neyther sparing holy things nor them that were fledde into the Temple of Minerua whome he burned in the Temple The next day he bet downe the walles and went about to sée if any thing stoode in the Citie which was worse vsed by hym a man allied than it was in Agamemnons time no house no temple no image being left The Image of Minerua which they called Palladium sent from heauen as they thinke some suppose was vnbroken being couered with the walles that fell excepte Diomedes and Vlisses carried it away at the warre of troy Thys did Fimbria against IliuÌ„ the. CIII Olimpiad theÌ„ ending which some thinke was a thousand and fifty yeares after Agamemnon When Mithridates heard of the losse at Orchomeno considering the multitude he hadde sente into Grecia and the continuall and greate ouerthrowes he sent to Archelous to make truce in as good manner as he could and being come to the parley sayde to Sylla Mithridates being an auntient friend to you O Sylla hath made warre for the couetousnesse of other Generalles He is content to leaue warre for thy vertues sake by the which thou wilt commaund him that shall be iust Sylla for wante of Ships and money none being sent him bycause of his enimies that had iudged him a Rebell hauing gathered money of the Pythians Olimpians and Epidaureans and giuen them â–ª by reason for their holy things halfe the Thebans land that so oft rebelled and hauing an army valiant and experte to leade agaynste the Rebellion of hys enimies he was bent to peace and sayd If Mithridates had bin iniured he should haue sent Embassadoures but doyng iniurie he hath inuaded many lands of other mens he hathe slayne very many the common and holy thyngs of Cities and the proper goodes of them he hathe spoyled béeyng a like vnfaythfull to his friendes and to vs of whome he hathe killed many and slayne the Princes that were at a banquet with him in the night with their wiues and children and hath shewed to vs rather crueltie of nature than necessitie of warre and vsed the Italians in Asia with all kindes of euils destroying and murthering men women children and slaues that were of the nation of Italy so great an hate had he againste Italy He alleadgeth now auntient amitie for a fashion but not before he hathe lost a hundreth and thréescore thousand men by me he maketh any mention of it Wherefore reason would we should take him for vnfaithfull yet for thy sake I will vndertake to get him forgiuenesse of the Romanes if he repente his doyngs but if he dissembleth now also loke thou wel to it Archeloe and consider the present state as well for thy selfe as for him Consider howe hée hath vsed his friends and how we haue vsed Eumenes and Massinissa Hee speaking thus Archelous disdeynefull brake his tale as spoken to proue him and sayde that he woulde neuer betray the army that was committed to him yet hope I for peace at thy hand if thou makest reasonable coÌ„ditions Sylla ceassing a while sayd Archeloe if Mithridates doe deliuer vnto me all the
being molested in Spayne by Sertorius and at home in Italie by ciuil warre Therefore saide he thorough their negligence the Sea hathe long tyme béene full of Pyrates Confederates haue they none nor willingly auye wil be vnder them Do you not sée these noble men sayde hée shewing Varius and the Lucians to be enimies to their Country and friends to vs When he had said thus and stirred his armye hée wente into Bythinia Nicomedes beyng dead without a chylde and leauyng his kingdome to the Romanes And Cotta that was presidēt there a man of litle skill in warre fledde to Calchida with his power and Bithynia was agayne vnder Mithridates all the Romanes fléeing to Cotta into Calchide And Mithridates comming thither Cotta for lacke of experience came not foorth Nudus his admirall with part of the army tooke the stronger parte of the fielde from the whiche beyng driuen hée fled to the gates of Chalcide by many hedges with great paine At the gate there was great thrust of them that would get in so as no darte was caste in vayne of them that folowed Wherefore the kéepers beyng afrayde of the gates they let the barres fall from the tower and tooke vp Nudus and other Capitaynes by ropes The other did perishe betwéene their fréendes and their enimies holdyng vp their hāds to the other Mithridates vsing the course of good fortune brought his shippes that day to the porte and breakyng the barre that was of yron he burned foure of the enimies shippes and tooke the other thrée score neyther Cotta nor Nudus resistyng kéepyng thēelues within the walles Thrée thousand were slayne of the Romanes Lucius Manlius a Senatour Mithridates loste twentie of the Basternians that first wente into the porte L. Lucullus beyng Consull and chosen generall of this warre brought one legion from Rome and had two of Fimbrias and beside them two more hauing in all thirtie thousand footemen and sixtene hundred horsemen and encamped agaynst Mithridates at Cyzico And vnderstandyng by the fugitiues that the king had thrée thousande men and his victuals brought by the foragers and from the sea he sayde to them that were aboute him that he would take his enimies without any payne and bad them remember it He espied an hill very fitte for his campe from the which he might get forage and kéepe it from his enimie He entended to get it as by it to winne victorie without daunger Beyng but one way very straight to it Mithridates kepte it with strength For so did Taxiles the other Capitaynes aduise him Lucius Manius that came frō Sertorius and made league with Mithridates Sertorius being now dead reuolted secretly to Lucullus sayth beyng receyued he perswaded Mithridates to lette the Romanes go and campe where they would for the two legions that were Fimbrias would straight reuolt and come to the kyng then what néede he vse force and slaughter when he might ouercome without fight Mithridates consenting to this very vnwisely and vncircumspectly suffered the Romanes to passe the streight without feare and to encampe at the hyll by hauyng of the whiche they might haue victuals behinde them brought without feare and Mithridates beyng shut with fennes hilles and floudes could haue none by lande but very litle neyther hauyng way to do it easily nor by force to compell Lucullus for the hardenesse of the passage whiche when he had in his power hée neglected winter beyng at hande the commyng of it by Sea woulde fayle Which when Lucullus perteyued hée put his fréendes in remembraunce of his promise and that hée spake to bée as it were performed Mithridates mighte then peraduenture haue passed thorough the middes of hys enimies with hys multitude but hée lette that passe also and gaue himselfe onely to the gettyng of Cyzico thynkyng by that to remedy bothe the wante and harde way and hauyng plentie of Souldiours wente aboute it by all meanes possible His nauie hée enclosed with a double wall and entrenched the rest of the Citie and set vp many rampiers and engines vpon them and towers and rammes couered and one called Helepolis of an hundred cubites vpon the which an other tower was set casting arrowes and stones diuerse weapons At the portes two Gallies ioyned togither bare an other tower from the which bridges were caste from the engine nigh the wall When all this was ready hée sente thrée prysoners to Cyzicus in shippes to the citie holding vp their hands and praying them to spare the people that were in daunger till Lisistratus their Captaune came to the walles and by a trumpette exhorted them to beare patiently their mischaunce When Mithridites was deceyued of this purpose hée brought the engine by shippes which threwe sodenly bridges vpon the wall and foure men ranne vpon them at the whiche the Cyzians amased for the straungers gaue place but no more commyng forth they tooke courage againe and killed those foure without and threwe fire and pitch vpon the shippes and made them tourne with theyr engine This at this enterprise of the sea the Cyzians had the better That day the third time he brought al his engines by lande at once they within labouring and putting them backe for all their violence The rammes they bet with stones or put them by with collats and brake their dint with peltes of wooll The fierie dartes they quenched with vineger and water and other with clothes cast against them or with sayles wrapped togither stopped the throwe They lefte nothing vndone that menne might doe and although they suffered all labour and resisted the euill yet at night parte of the wall was burned and fell but no manne durste enter for the heate and their Cyzianes made it vp again in the night And not long after a great storme of wind did breake the reste of the kings engines It is reade that this Cittie was in dowrie of Iupiter to Proserpine and the Cyziens honour hir most of all gods When their feast day came that they should sacrifice a blacke cowe they not hauing one made one of paaste when as a blacke cowe came to them by sea whyche going vnder the barre of the hauen ranne into the Cittie came to the temple and stoode at the aulter The which the Cyzians sacrificed with good hope Mithridates friendes counselled him to go from the Cittie being holy but he would not He went to Dindimus an high hill and made a trench from it to the Cittie and set it with towers and with mines digged the wall He sente hys horses leane for lacke of meate and lame for labour into Bythinia Lucullus mette with them as they wente to Rindacus and killed and toke many prisoners of men fiftéene M. of horses sixe thousand and many beasts of burden At this time Eumachus a Captaine of Mithridates ranne ouer Phrygia and slewe the Romanes both women and children then he inuaded Pisidus and
Carthagies laughed at the fyrste not perceyuing the policie but when it was perceyued and the fyghâ—e begunne the Iberians selte the Cartes on fyre whereby the Oxen were dryuen vpen the Numidians And when the fire was dispersed euery where and the Oxen raâ—â—e hyther and thyther it muche disordered the Affiâ—canes and brake their aray whereby the Iberians came vppon them and kylled Amilchar Barcha and the rest that fought but the Carthagies béeyng allured by the pray of Iberia sente another armâ— to Asdruball that was Barchas sonne in law and committed the rule of that army to him He ioyned to him Anniball that was sonne to Barcha as his Lieutenant and his wiues brother who after got so great a name by his valiant actes being very yong but expert in the warre and accepted to the souldyoures He wanne manye places of Iberia by fayre wordes as he was verye apte to persuade and when any thing was to be done by force he did vse the seruice of the yong man By thys meane he wente ouer Spayne from the Oâ—â—identall Sea to the floud Iberus and made all subâ—ect to the Carthagies Empire the which floud diuiding Spayne in the middest floweth into the Ocâ—â—n towarde the North fiue dayes iourney from the Mountaines But the Saguntines an olde inhabitance from the Zathintians which be in the middest betwéene the mountaynes and the floud and all other that were come of the Greekes aboute the place called Emporio and all other that inhabited any part of Ibeâ—â—â— being afrayd sent four Embassadors to Rome wherfore the Romanes not willing the power of the Carthagies to growe too much sent Embassadors to Câ—thage where it was agréed that Iberus should be the end of the Carthagies dominion in Spaine and that the Romanes should not make warre vpon their subiects beyoude that floud nor the Carthagies to gâ—â— beyonde that floud to moue warre and that the Saguntines and other Greeke people which were in Iberia shoulde be frée and liue with their owne lawes all the whiche were expressed in the league that was made betwéene the Romanes and the Carthagies When this was done a slaue killed Asdruball whose maister he had cruelly kylled before â–ª whilest he was taking order for that parte of Iberia that obeyed Carthage and gone a hunting whome Annâ—ball after tormented most cruelly and kylled The army made Anniball Barcha their Captayne a very yong man and welbeloued of them The enimies of Amilchar Barcha in the Senate of Carthage agréed to it who fearing the power of Asdruball and Amilchar did laughe at Anniball as a rong man and beganne â—o molest in lawe the friendes of them accusing them of the same â—aults that they accused the other that were deade vsing the peoples fauour whiche hated them for the losses they had in the tyme of Barcha and Asdruball They required those gifts that Barcha or Anniball sent to them being of the spople of the ennimies They sent to Anniball for helpe â—hewing that he also would be despised of his fathers ennimies except hée hadde nowe some regard of them that might defene his matters there This was not vnknowne to Anniball for he knew well ynough that the beginning of deceyts would be vppon him and thought it not good to suffer suche enmities continuallye with seare as his father and grandfather had done nor to liue all his lyfe after the lightenesse of the Carthagies vsâ—ng them vnthanke fullye that were of their syde and hadde doone well for the common wealth There was a rumor when Anniball was a childe and at hys fathers commandement y he brought hym into the place where hée made sacrifices and made hym laye his hand vppon the Altare and sweare that so soone as he had any rule in the common wealth he shoulde bée a mortall ennimie to the Romanes Therfore he purposed to put his country to great and continuall dangers that by that feare he might preserue hys own his friends matters from perâ—ll Therfore when he saw that Affâ—â—ca was in good state and the Iberians that were vnder the Carthagies lyke to continue in obedience he thoughte he shoulde winne unmortall fame if he made warre agayne vppon the Romanes by the feare whereof the Carthagies shoulde be occupied and mighte by good fortune suboue to hys Countrey the Empire of all the worlde For hée hoped that if the Romanes were broughte downe that none shoulde be able to matche wyth hym but if it chaâ—nced otherwise yet hys enterprise shoulde be honorable And that the beginning myght bréede his estimation if he pasied the floude Iberâ—â— he caused the Torboletanes whych be nexte the Saguntines to come comylaine that the Saguntines had made râ—des vpoÌ„ them â—one them other hurts Which being persâ—aded by him he seÌ„t theyr Ambassadors to Carthage and he wrote letters priuilye in the whiche he signified that the Romanes practised with â—he Iberians of the Carthage iurisdiction to reuolte from them and that the Saguntines didde procure the same from the Romaynes and that there was no deceit left vndone And of this he wrote many letters till the Senate appointed him to do with the Saguntines that shoulde be profitable to the common wealth Hee haning got this occasion practised with the Torboletans agayn that they should come to him and complaine againe of the Saguntines who also sent fiftéene Ambassadoures to hym And when Anniball wylied them to declare their controuersies and they anuÌ„â—ered they woulde make the Romanes their Judges they were commanded of Anniball to go out of hys campe And that night passing the ryuer he inuaded that lande and set hys artillerie agaynst their Citie which when he could not take he compassed with ditche wall and trench Then placing many garrisons he continued the siege and in fewe dayes wente and came dyuerse tymes The Saguntines being in great feare with these sodaine euils sent Ambassadours to Rome to whome the Senate ioyned their Ambassadoures and sent firste to Anniball to put him in remembraunce of the league who if he would not obey they shoulde go to Carthage and aceuse hym Wyth these Ambassadoures they went to Iberia and when they came from their Shyppes to the Campe they were commanded of Anniball to go no surther Wherefore they went to Carthage wyth the Saguntine Ambassadors where they sheâ—â—ed that the league was broken They on the other side accused the Saguntines and saide they had done hurte to their Subiectes The Saguntines on the contrary side called them to the iudgement of the Romanes They sayde the iudgement was in vame when the matter muste bee tryed by force Whiche when the Romaines vnderstoode some thought ayde to bée sente out of handâ— to the Saguntines some denyed it affyrmyng the Saguntines not to be comprehended in the league but lefte frée So as bothe the besâ—â—gers and the besieged muste vse their own lawes whiche sentence prâ—uaâ—â—ed But the Saguntines being destitute of
and when he came to the porte the Carthages whiche were come before him brought out their Gallies vnknowen to Syphax against Scipiâ— but he hauing the benefite of the winde with full sayle entred the port before them Syphax receyued them both courteously and talking priuately with them and giuing his faith sent them away He commaunded the Carthagies that layd new traynes againste him to be stayd This perill Scipio escaped when he came to the coast and when he went from thence And it is said that whilest Scipio was with Syphax he sate at the table wyth Asdruball who when he hadde asked him many questions hee greatly wondered at the sight and modestie of him and turnyng to his friends sayd that he was a man to be scared not onely in the warre but also at a table At this time some of the â—â—erians and Celtiberians did yet serue vnder Hanno with whome Martius did encounter and kylled a thousande fiue hundred of them the rest fledde home other seauen hundred horsemen and seauen thousand footemen being with Hanno Martius droue into an hyll where wanting all necessaries they sent to Martius for composition whome hée commaunded to delyuer their Captayne Hanno and the sugitiues and â—â—en tell their message so they tooke Hanno that was hearing of matters and deliuered him and the fugitiues to Martius â–ª he required also the captiues whome when he had receyued he commaunded the Souldyoures to bring a certaine summe of siluer into a playne bycause it was not fitte for them that aske pardon to keepe highe places whiche when they were descended Martius sayde vnto them you are well worthy deathe for where as euery of you haue youre countreys subiect to vs you had rather make warre against vs than oure enimies yet I am content and giue you leaue to goe safe putting off youre armour Whiche when they hearde being all gréeued with it and denying to do it a sharp fight was made in the which halfe of them were slayne the other halfe escaping to Mago He not long before was come to Hannos Campe wyth sixtie Shippes but hearyng of hys calamitie he returned to Gades where beyng in wante he was put in greate feare and there hée rested Sillanus was sente to the Citie of Castaces where when hée was receyued as an enimie he sette hys Campe before the Towne and made Scipio to knowe of it who sending afore what was fytte for the séege followed and by the way gotte the Citie of Illiturga the whyche in the tyme of olde Scipio was friende to the Romanes and when hée was slayne they reuolted priuily and pretendyng to receyue the Romanes armys as a friende delyuered it to the Carthagies Wherfore Scipio béeyng angrie ouercame it in foure houres and tooke it Héere Scipio hadde a wounde in hys necke but not so greate as hée woulde departe from the fyghte tyll hée hadde gotte the Citie for thys cause the armye despising the pray kylled women and children and vtterly destroyed it When they came to Castace he beséeged it in thrée partes but dyd not assaulte it that hée myghte gyue the Castaces tyme to repente bycause he heard they were aboute suche a matter And when they hadde kylled the Captain of the garrison which resisted they deliuered the Citie to Scipio he leauing a certayne honest man of the Citie to kéepe it wente towarde Carthage sending Sillanus and Martius to the Sea to spoyle and wast all that they could There was a Citie called Astapa whiche was alwayes of the Carthagies deuotion When they sawe they were beséeged and knewe that if they came vnder the Romanes power they shouÌ„lde be solde as slaues they brought all theyr goodes and riches into the market place and compassing the same wyth wodde they badde their wiues and children goe vp to it and sware fiftie of the chiefe of the Citie that if the Citie were taken they shoulde kyll their wiues and chyldren sette the wodde on fyre and burne them and themselues When they hadde called the Gods vnto witnesse of the same they issued vppon Martius looking for no suche thyng with the whyche violence the shotte and the Horsemen were putte to flighte The footemen stayd The Astapeans fought valiantlye withoute hope of remedye The Romanes were more in number but the Astapeans were not inferioure in vertue who when they were all slayne the fiftie whyche were in the Citie kylled all the women and chyldren and then kindled the fyre and lepte into it Martius maruelling at the vertue of them refrayned from burning their houses After these doyngs Scipio fell sicke and Martius ruled the army and so the Souldyoures that had spente all vppon pleasure and thought they hadde not receyued worthy rewardes for theyr seruice bycause they hadde nothyng lefte and to whome Scipio ascribed the glory of all hys noble actes they reuolted from Martius and hadde their Campe by themselues and manye of the garrisons and nygh Castels ioyned vnto them and some were sente of Mago with money to persuade them to him They receyued the money but makyng Captaynes and officers of themselues they did all thyngs of their owne authoritie and bounde them to it by oth Scipio hearing of thys wrote vnto them that were authoures and sayde hée coulde not yet rewarde them as they were worthy bycause of his sicknesse and to other he wrote to appease them that were in rage and wrote to all generally as though they had now bin reconciled that he woulde shortly rewarde them all and willed them so soone as might be to come to Carthage for forage These letters being redde some suspected some euill other thinking no hurt thought good to giue credite to them and agréed to goe to Carthage whither when Scipio vnderstoode they were comming he commanded all the Senatoures that were with him that cache one of them should goe with one of the Authoures of sedition and receyuing them into their tentes in shewe of friendshippe to take them priuily Then he commaunded the Tribunes of the souldyoures that the next morning euery of them with their most trusty friendes with their swordes shoulde goe priuily and place them in diuers partes of the citie and when they had fitte places not looking for any other commaundement shoulde immediately kill them if they made any stirre while he spake hys Oration When it was daye he called all the Souldyoures to an assemblie and caused himself to be borne to the Generalles seate They hearing the sounde of the trumpet being ashamed not to awayte vppon their Generall being sicke and thinking they shoulde haue receyued their rewardes came from euerye place part without swords part couered with a little coate bycause they had not time to make them ready Scipio hauing a garde secretely aboute him did firste rebuke them for their déede then said he would put all the blame in the authors of the sedition whome O Souldyoures by your helpe I will
Flaccus answered he would bring many soldiors coats folowing their messeÌ„gers caÌ„ped at y city They not doyng any thing according to their great crakes fledde and dayly spoyled the Countreis They vse a certaine garment double of thicke wâ—â—ll with a buckle fastned like a cloke and that they count a Souldiours coate Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus succeeded Flaccus The Celtiberians besieged Carabâ—â— a Cittie friend to the Romaynes wyth twentye thousande souldioures and thought to gette it quickly Wherefore Gracchus comming to helpe them and not hauing any mean to signifie it to the besieged a certaine capitaine of a bande named Cominius tolde Gracchus what he had deuised with himselfe he put on a Spaniardes coate and wente among the slaues of the campe and as a Spaniard came with them to the Campe and from thence into the Citie and tolde them that Gracchus was at hande with helpe Wherefore they abode the siege valiauntly and within thrée dayes Gracchus came and so the Câ—lâ—â—berians left the siege One daye twenty thousande came from Complega bringing braunches of Oliue lyke petitioners asking pardon whiche comming nighe the Romanes Generall gaue a violent onsette on the Romanes and put them in great daunger Gracchus went from the Campe of purpose and made as thoughe he fledde and whiles they were aboute the spoile he returned and sette vpon them and killed many of them and got Complega He appointed their laâ—â—e and the neighbors to them that had néede and made league with the inhabitants of that countrey with certaine conditions whereby they were receiued into the Romaines amitie to the whiche he bounde them by â—thâ— These conditions were much desired in the wars that followed and for these things the name of Gracchus was greate bothe in Spaine and Rome where he triumphed gloriously A fewe yeares after great warre was renewed in Spayne â–ª There was a Cittie in the borders of the Celtiberians that is called 〈…〉 named Segedâ— great and mighty comprehended in the 〈…〉 of Gracchus This Citie enticing other little Townes 〈…〉 d their walls the compasse whereof was forty â—ur â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 example induced the Tiâ—â—â—â—ans an other 〈…〉 of the Celtiberians to do the lyke Whyche thing the Senate vnderstanding forbadde them the building of their wal and required the tribute appointed by Gracchus and commanded them to goe to warre with the Romanes to the whiche they were also bounde by the league of Gracchus They aunswered that touching their walles they were bound by Gracchus not to builde any newe Citties but not that they should not defend their olde As touching tributes and seruice in war they were released by the Romanes and so they were indéede with this condition so long as it shoulde séeme good to the Senate and people of Rome wherefore Q. Fuluius Nobâ—â—â—or was sent against them with an army of thirty thousande The Segetanes hearing that he was comming their walls not being yet finished desired the Araschians to receiue them and so they fled to them They made their chiefe Captaine Carus whom the Segetanes thoughte to be a man expert in war. He thrée daies after he was created Generall laide an ambushe of twentye thousande footemen and fyue thousande horse in a shadowy and woddy place and from theÌ„ce gaue a charge vpon the Romanes The fight was doubtfull a greate while at length Carus hadde a noble victorie for he â—â—ewe sixe thousande Romaines whiche was a great losse to the Citie â–ª But when they vsed the victory rashlye and too proudlye the Romaines horsemen that garded the carriage set vppon them and â—â—ew Carus fighting valiantly for himselfe and sixe thousand with hym tyll the fyghte was ended by the darkenesse of the night This was done the same daye that the Romaynes kepte the feaste of Vulcane After that daye none of them woulde come to fight but by compulsion The Araschians assembled that night at Numantiâ— â–ª which is a very strong citie They chose Arathon and Leucon Captaines of the warre Fuluius came thither the thirde daye and camped foure and twenty furlongs from the citie to whom Massinissa had sent thrée hundred horsmen and thirtye Elephants which being come he went straight to the fight He placed the Elephants at the backe of the army and when the fight was begonne opened a way for the Elephants â–ª whom when the Celtiberians sawe they and their horse were afraid and fled to the walles The Romayne had the Elephants shoulde be brought to the wal There was a fierce fight till one of the Elephants being hurte in the heade with a stone from the wall beganne to rage and be vnruly and with furie turne vpon his fellows thrusting and treading downe euery one he met no difference betwéene friend and foe and the rest of the Elephants being made afrayde did the lyke and trode and thruste downe the Romaine souldiours The whiche thing the Elephants when they are in feare are wâ—nte to doe taking euerye man for their ennimye wherefore for this falshoode they are called common enimies Therfore the Romanes without order fled away which when the Numantines saw from the walles they came forth and chased them and flewe foure thousande of them and tooke thrée Elephants and muche armour and many ensignes Of the Celtiberians two thousand were killed When Fuluius hadde gotten from that slaughter he besieged Axenium which was as a coÌ„mon market for the enimyes for there was all thinges to sell â–ª Where when he did no good but lose his men he retired by night to his campe Wherefore hée sente Blesus the Capitayne of the horsmen to a nation that was nigh and his friend for he wanted horsemen with a bande of horse In the way they fell into an ambushe of Celtiberians â–ª whiche beyng knowne the friendes fledde and Blesus fought and was killed and many Romanes with him For the whiche losses and ouerthrowes Ocile a Cittie in the whiche the Romanes had their treasure and munition yéelded to the Celtiberians Then Fuluius distrusting himselfe and afraid of al things kepte within his campe that winter defending it as well as hée coulde and getting victuall â–ª yet was greatly troubled for lacke and for bitternesse of colde wherfore many Souldyours partly goyng for wood partly for the sharpnesse and great colde did perishe The yeare following Claudius Marcellus came in Fuluius place bringing eighte thousande footemen and .v. C. horsemen againste whome when the enimies likewise haâ— saide traines he by another crafte auoyded them and went streight to Ocile there camped with all his power and fortune fauouring hym tooke the Cittie at the firste assaulte whome he pardoned receiuing some pledges and thyrtie talentes of golde When thys modestie was hearde the Nergobriges sente messengers to Marcellus to know what they might do to haue peace He commaunded them to sende him an hundred horsemen They promised so to doe yet they folowed the
thought that Ptolomeus was dead wherfore Antiochus went with spéed toward Egipt to get the kingdom voide of a prince And being at Ephesus Annibal of Carthage came to him fléeing his country for the hate of his enimies accusing him to the Romanes as contentious and séeking warre and coulde not liue in rest For then the Carthaginenses did agrée with the Romaynes as confederates Antiochus receyued Annibal gloriouslye for the fame of his valiantnesse and hadde him aboute him and vnderstanding at Lycia that Ptolomie was aliue he refrayued from Egipt and thought to take Cyprus in steade of it sayled thither with great spéede But being Winter at the floude Sarus he had a wrecke and loste many shippes with diuerse of his men and friends and sayled to Seleucia in Syria and there repaired his shaken nauie made a mariage of his children Antiochus and Laodice ioyning them in matrâ—â—onye And nowe bycause he knewe that euident warre woulde folowe betwéene the Romanes and him he allied himselfe wyth the Kyngs his neighboures and sent Cleopatra called Syra to Ptolomei giuyng him Coelosyria for hir dowry whiche hée had taken from hym so to please the young man that hée mighte be quiete in the war with the Romanes Antiochida hée sent to Ariarathes king of Cappadocia and an other that was lefte to Eumenes king of Pergamo but he perceyuing he meante to make warre vpon the Romanes and for that purpose would make affinitie with him did refuse him And when his brethren Attalus and Philetayrus dyd maruel at him that he reiected the alliaunce of so greate a king hys neyghbour and séeking it he aunswered that it was lyke that war would be which in the beginning woulde be equall on both sides but in time the Romanes woulde ouercome for their good conditions taking of paines Then quoth he the Romanes being Conquâ—rors I shal hold my kingdom surely But if Antiochus ouercommeth I feare al wil be taken away of my neighboure and I feare if I haue my kyngdome I muste be a Kyng vnder him For these considerations did he refuse this mariage Antiochus straight went from thence to Hellespont sayled to Cherronesus where he subdued and ouerthrewe manye places of Thracia he made frée the Grecians y inhabite Thracia and granted many things to the Byzantines hauing a Cittie verye commodious at the mouth of that sea The Galathians he pleased with gifts and drew by feare also to the societie of his determination thinking them good confederates for the bignesse of their bodies Then he wente to Ephesus and sent Ambassadoures to Rome Lysias Egeseanactes and Menippus in déede to féele the minds of the Senate but in word Menippus saide the King was desirous of the Romanes amitie and that he woulde be their confederate if they woulde accept him Yet he did maruell that they would require him to leaue Cities in Ionia and lose his tributes and not to deale with certain of Asia and to forgo Thracia that had euer bin hys progenitors whiche were things not for friendes but for conquerours to commaunde to the conquered The Senate perceyuing their comming to be but an espiall shortelye aunswered If Antiochus do suffer the Gréeke Citties in Asia to be frée and refraine from Europe he shall be a friende to the Romanes if he will. Thus the Romanes answered and made none other shewe of cause Antiochus minding firste to inuade Grecia and there to begin the warre againste the Romanes asked Annibals opinion in the matter He saide that Grecia was easy to be ouercome bycause of their long affliction The war that is made at home is moste grieuous for dearth that followeth of it but abroade it is more tollerable neither should he ouercome the Romanes in Grecia séeing they myght haue sufficient prouision and helpe from home Therefore his opinion was he should inuade the Romanes in Italy whether if he went he shoulde fynd the Romanes weaker both at home and abroade I haue saide he experience of Italy and with .x. M. men I can take fitte places of it and I will write to my friends at Carthage to stir the people to reuolte being sory for me angry with the Romanes being full of hope hart wyll thinke I will once againe get Italy The king hearing this aduice very well and thinking the accesse of Carthage to make muche for the furtheraunce of thys warre badde hym sendâ—letters to hys friendes eute of hande but hée sente not for he thoughte it not sure the Romaynes lying in wayte euery where and the war not being yet proclaymed and many being in discord at Carthage and the common wealth hauing no firmenesse nor certentie which shortly after was the destruction of Carthage Yet he sent Ariston a merchant of Tyrus vnder pretence of marchandise to his friendes exhorting them that when they vnderstoode that he inuaded Italy they should stirre the people of Carthage to be reuenged Ariston did so but when Annibals enimies perceyued Aristons purpose they made much adoe that any innouation shoulde followe and diligently sought for Ariston He that the friendes of Anniball should not beare all the blame secretely in the night sette vp a writing at the common house in the whiche Anniball exhorted all the Senate to reuenge their Countrey vnder Antiochus and when he had so done he sayled away When daye was come all the suspition was taken from Annibals friends bycause the matter belonged to all the state The people was ful of vprore angry with the Romanes but not able to hurte them And thus went the matters at Carthage The Romanes sente other Embassadors and with them Scipio that ouercame the Carthagies to proue the kings minde and to espie his preparation And when they founde the king to be gone to Pisidia they tarried his returne at Ephesus and in the meane time had many times talke with Anniball that séeing Carthage was in league and Antiochus not yet a manifest enimie they blamed him that he would flée from his countrey seing the Romanes had not offended against him nor any other of the Carthagies since the league was made This they did to make Anniball suspected to the king as they did in déede by their ofte resorting and talking with him And though Anniball were a very circumspect man yet he did not foresée this For when the king heard of it he suspected Anniball and was not so ready to trust him Beside an enuie and hatred grewe againste him least he should haue the prayse of the things that were done Among other talkes they say there was one betwéene Scipio and Anniball in a Scholehouse where many were to learne and presente to heare touching the excellencie of a Captayne And whereas Scipio asked him whome he thoughte to be the best Captayne he answered Alexander of Macedonia Scipio stayed at that and gaue place to Alexander Then he asked him whome hée thought the
farre asunder Asdrubal is the heade of the warre Syphax shall dare do nothing in the nighte a man barbarous full of daintinesse and feare Then let vs go againste Asdruball with all oure armye We shall appoint Masâ—inissa to â—ye in wayte for Syphax if he hap to come foorth contrarye to oure opinion Let vs goe a foote to Asdrubals campe and assaulte it round about wyth good hope and lusty courage This for the preseÌ„t is most â—it for the horsemen for we cannot vse theÌ„ in the night I wil place them farre off to compasse the Camp of our enimies that if wée be driuen backe they maye receyue vs and we flée to oure friends and if we do ouercome them they may chase and destroy them Hauing thus saide he sent away the Captaines to arme the hoste and he sacrificed to Boldenesse and Feare and that no sodaine feare without cause shoulde happe but his armye continue bolde The rest of the thirde watche was signified wyth the Trumpet and with a maruellous déepe silence so greate an armye went till the horsemen had compassed the ennimies The footemen went to their Trench Then a broken showte being made and manye soundes of trumpes and hornes to make the more terror they droue the watche from their place they tooke the Trench and pulled down the rampire Some of the boldest ranne in and set the Tents afyre The Libyans beyng waked of their sléepe with terror and running out of order to their order and taking their armor and not obeying the commaundements for the confusion neither the Generall himselfe certainly knowing what was done the Romanes tooke them that leapte oute and were arming themselues in great turmoile they set manye Tents on fyre killed some of them as they came and some being made afrayd with the crye of the enimie and with the fight and moste fearefull businesse being in the nyghte and ignorant of the euill indéede thinkyng the Campe hadde béene taken and fearyng the fyre of the burnyng Tentes leapt of themselues from them and wente into the fielde as into a more sure place where as they came by partes they were miserably killed and as they fell into the Romaine horsemen that had compassed al they were dispatched Syphax hearing this crye in the nighte and séeyng the fire came not foorth but sent certaine horsemen to helpe Asdruball Vppon whom Massinissa came sodainely and killed out of hand When daye was come and Syphax hadde learned that Asdrubal was gone and that part of his army was destroyed and part taken of the ennimye and some dispersed and that the Romanes had his campe with all the munition he departed and fledde to the midde land for feare leauing all behinde hym thinking that after this ouerthrowe of the Carthaginians Scipio would followe him so his Campe and all the furniture Massinissa tooke Thus the Romanes in a little part of one night did take two campes and ouerthrew two armies greater than themselues There died of the Romanes aboute an hundred and of the enimies little lesse than thirty thousand and of prisoners two thousande sixe hundred were taken and sixe hundred horsemen yéelded to Scipio as he retourned The Elephants some were wounded and some were killed Scipio of the golde siluer armoure and much yuorie and horses as wel of the Numidians as other whiche hée hadde gote and by one victorie moste noble casting the Carthaginians on their knées gaue gifts to the souldioures and sent the moste precious thinges to Rome and exercised hys souldioures chearefullye thinkyng that Anniball woulde shortelye come oute of Italie and Mago from Liguria And thys dydde Scipio Asdruball the Generall of the Carthaginians in the fighte by night being hurte fled to Anea with fyue hundred horsemen where he gathered some of the hyred souldieures that were escaped from the fight and the Numidians and called bondmen to libertye And when he heard the Carthaginians had determined his deathe as an euill Generall and had chosen Hanno Bomilchares sonne in his place he made an army of hys owne and receyued all malefactours and ledde them where he mighte haue reliefe and trayned them hauing thrée thousande horse and eight thousand footemen as hauing his truste onely in fight In doing this he kepte it long hid from both from the Romanes and Carthaginians Scipio led his army to the walles of Carthage and boldlye called them to fight but none came forth Amilchar Admirall of Carthage with an hundred shippes came vppon the nauy of Scipio thinking to destroye it in his absence hoping easily to take twenty gallies with an hundred When Scipio sawe him vnder sayle he sent to shut the mouth of the Porte and that the greate Shippes shoulde lye at anker with a distaunce one from another that the gallies might come by them as out of a gate when néede shoulde require and that they shoulde fasten and tye the ships togither wyth their sayle yardes that they might be as a wall and he came to them and furthered their worke The Carthaginians were receyued both by sea and lande and from the wall with shot and artillerie their shippes were brused and other being weary went away at night And when they were going the Romane galleis wente out of the spaces as was appointed and sette vpon them and when they were too weake they retired one they tooke voyde of men and broughte hir to Scipio Then they went both to their wintring harbours The Romanes had plenty from the sea the Vticenses and Carthaginians being in want robbed the Merchantes till other Romane shippes were sent to Scipio whiche in set places kepte the ennimie from robbing They were more and more in hunger Toward the end of Winter Syphax being neare Massinissa desired the thirde part of the Romanes armye to be ioyned to hys the which he receiued and by the leading of Lelius pursued Syphax he fléeyng till hée came to a floude and there stayed to fight The Numidians as their manner is made shotte very thick one againste an other The Romanes being couered with theyr shieldes went to the fight Syphax came with fury vppon Massinissa who went cherefully against him and the fight being greate betwéene them Syphax men fléeing he passed the fioude whose horse being hurte ouerthrewe his Maister Then Massinissa ran vpon hym and tooke him and one of his sonnes and sente them straight to Scipio There were slaine ten thousand of Syphax side of the Romanes lxxv of Massinissa thrée hundred of Syphax foure thousand were taken prisoners whereof two thousand fiue hundred were Massulians whiche fled from Massinissa to Syphax Massinissa desired them of Laelio whom when he had receyued hée killed Then they ouerranne the Massulians and the land of Syphax parte wherof they appointed to Massinissa parte they receyued by submission and the disobedient sorte they destroyed There came Ambassadoures to them from Cyrtis to deliuer the Palaice of Syphax to them And some came priuately
tell Scipio what they did certainely but that there was a noyse within their portes day and nighte not ceassing but to what vse they coulde not tell till al being readye the Carthagies brake open the mouthe by dauning of the daye and then issewed with fiftie gallies Foystes and Brigandines and many other small vessels wel set foorth for terrour The Romaines were so amazed at the sodayn opening of the mouth and at such a company of shippes that if the Carthagies had then set vpon the Romayne nauy the men being occupied at the wall and neyther Mariner nor other present to defend it they mighte haue gotten al the fame But it was nowe come that Carthage must perish They made a shew only with a bolde countenaunce and returned The thirde daye after they came forth to fight when the Romaines had their shippes and other thinges prepared to resiste The crie and call being made on both sides and courage shewed both of Mariners and maisters the Carthagies for their liues and the Romaines for the full victory there were many hurt and slaine on both sides til it was midde day In this fight the little boates of the Carthagies ran vnder the great shippes sides of the Romanes and now brake at the stemines and nowe the sternes and the oares and did much other hurt easily flying and easily returning The fighte being doubtfull and toward nighte the Carthagies thoughte it good to retire not as ouercome but to prepare themselues against the next day The small vessels fledde first and shutte the mouth being altogither so as the great shippes were put from the mouth and fledde to the trenche whiche was made for the Merchaunts before the wall large to receyue the packes of the occupiers and a little bray was made in this warre that the enimies should not plant in so playne a place To this trenche the Carthagies shippes fledde for lacke of a porte and stoâ—e with their stemmes against their enimies whom some resisted from the shippes some from the trenche and some from the bray The Romaynes easilye gaue onset vppon them bycause they fought with shippes that stoode but their departing for the turning of their long shippes was slow and hurtful so as they had little aduauntage for when they turned they were beaten of the Carthagies Fiue shippes of the Sidents that accompanied Scipio for good will renued the fight in this wise They let fal their ancres aloofe off in the sea and waying their longest Cables being fast moored charged their enimie and when they had encountred them shortning vp their Cables retyred backe and so haled forward and backewarde alwayes fighting with their faces vpon the enimie The rest of the nauy séeing the deuise of the Sidents folowed it did their enimies much hurt night making an end The rest of the Carthage shippes fled into the Citie Scipio by day toke the trench for it was a place fitte to annoy the port Therfore beaâ—ing the bray with his rammes and bringing manye engines he toke part of it The Carthagies althoughe they were afflycted with famine and diuerse euils they ranne vpon the Romanes engines in the night not by lande for there was no way nor by shippe for the sea was shallowe but naked with linckes not light that they should not be séene a far off They came by sea where no man would haue thought some to the breastes waded in the shalows some swamme til they came to the engines they threw the fire and were perceyued receyuing much hurt bycause they were naked and did much by their boldnesse for being stroke on the breasts and faces with dartes and speares they woulde not giue place as wilde beasts offering themselues to the strikers til they had set the artillery on fyre and driueÌ„ the Romanes away that kepte them with confusion as there was suche feare and trouble in the Camp and whole army as hadde not béene before and all by the furie of naked enimies Wherefore Scipio being afraide came forth with his horsmen and commaunded to beate them down that would not leaue their flight And some he beare downe and killed till they retourned to the Camp for necessitie to saue themselues and watched that night in armes fearing the desperation of the enimies who when they had burned the artillerie swamme home againe When it was daye the Carthaginians being sure from the engines builded vppe the fore parte of the wall againe and made many Towers vpon it by a certaine distaunce The Romanes made other engines and erected a trenche against the Towers making fire worke of pitche and sulphure and threw them vpon y enimie And when they had burned many of the Towers they chased the Carthaginians that fledde But where the ground was slippery with bloud and myre they left the chase of themselues Scipio hauing got all the trench compassed it with a ditch wyth a wall of stone not verye neare nor farre off the ennimies And when the wall was vppe he put in foure thousand whiche did not much passe of the enimie throwing dartes and weapons vpon them with contempt and bicause they were of like heigth they were sure to hit them And thus the Sommer was spente Winter being come Scipio determined to take from the Carthaginians al the power and friends that they had by lande and sente some one way and some another he himselfe went to Nepheris by water where Diogenes that fauoured Asdrubal lay in camp and sent C. Lalius thither by land WheÌ„ they were come they encamped two furlongs from Diogenes There he left Gelossa to molest Diogenes continually and returned to Carthage so vsed to go betwéen Carthage and Nepheris to sée the doings Two of Diogenes Towers fel wherfore Scipio went and laid a. M. choice seuldiors behind in an ambush and brought 3000. tried men againste the front willed them to giue the assault at the broken towers not al at once but by ranckes stil following one another that the former being putte backe should not hinder them that followed The Crie being greate and the fraye hotte al the Libyans turned to the defence theÌ„ the thousand as was appointed theÌ„ came forth and were not séene and when the first were entred they were soone perceyued wherfore the Libyans fled not séeing how many they wer but thinking they had bin many moâ— thaÌ„ they were Celossa set vpon theÌ„ with his Numidians ElephaÌ„ts and made great slaughter so as there were killed lxx M. wyth them of the countrey 10000 taken and 4000. fied TheÌ„ was the Citie of Nepheris taken in xxij dayes with great difficultie for the winter and the moyst place this feate did chiefly cause the destruction of Carthage For this army sent them victuals by this campe the Libyans were the bolder to come abrode but when it was taken the other places of Libya yéelded to Scipios Captaines without any businesse and victuall was
the destinies of menne So suffred Troy a noble citie So suffred the Assyrians the Medians and Persians whiche were the great Monarches of the worlde lastlye the moste glorious state of Macedonie so that eyther of purpose or by chaunce this worde fel from him The day shall come when mighty Troy muste fall And Priamus and his warlike nation all Polibius that was his Schoolemaister did aske him fréely what he ment by that speach and that he said not for bearing to name his own country plainely of the whiche he was afraide for the alteration of men Thus doth Polibius write of him that hearde him When Carthage was taken Scipio gaue the souldiors leaue for certaine daies to spoile it onelye excepting golde siluer and holy things Then he gaue giftes to al except to them that had spoiled Appollos Temple Then he sent a swift ship laden wyth spoiles to signifie the victorie at Rome He sent into Sicilie that al the sacred publique things that the Carthagies had taken from them in the war which they could chalenge know shoulde bée restored which got him gret loue of the people as one that with aucthoritie vsed humanitie diuiding the spoile that remained to be sold he sacrificed the vnprofitable ship-armes and engins to Mars and Minerua gyrded after the Romane manner They at Rome séeing the Shippes and learning the newes in the euening came into the stréetes and spente all that nighte in ioye and embracements as nowe made frée of feare nowe ruling other with safety not hauing their Citie firme and sure hauing such a victorie as they neuer had the like Many noble feates came to their remembraunce what their fathers hadde done in Macedonia in Iberia and against Antiochus the gret and in Italie it selfe but no war was so feareful vnto them as this at their owne dores for the manhoode pollicie and boldnesse of the enimie and the more dangerous for their vnfaythfulnesse They rehearsed what they had suffred of y Carthagies in Sicelie Iberia and Italie it selfe sixtéene yeares when Annibal toke .iij. hundred Cities and ouerthrewe in fighte onlye thrée hundred thousande men manye tymes approching to the Cittie and putting that in great feare for all the whiche they were like men beside themselues for the victorie that was beyonde their hope And again they asked one of another if Carthage were taken in déede They spente all the night in talke howe the armour was taken from them and how they beyond all hope made more Howe their shippes were taken from them and howe they made a newe nauy of olde matter howe the mouth of the porte was shutte and howe in fewe dayes they opened another and howe highe the walles were aboute the mouth and the greatnesse of the stones and the fire whiche manye tymes they brought against the Engines and sette out a plat of all the warre as thoughe they hadde then séene it done and expressed the fantasies of their mindes with the motions of their bodyes thinking they sawe Scipio wyth the scalyng ladders with the shippes at the gates at the fyghtes euer occupied Thus did the Remaynes spende the night When day was come sacrifices feasts were made to the Gods by the coÌ„panies playes with theÌ„ diuers shews The Senat sent tenne of the best of them into Libya to appoint that country with Scipio They commanded that Scipio shold destroy that was left in Carthage and forbadde any man to dwel there They accused al them that should dwel in Byrsa or in the place y was called Megara But to come thither they did not forbid So many cities as holpe the enimies they commaunded to destroy to giue to cities that were friends to y Romanes the land that was conquered and chiefly to Vtica that which was as far as Carthage and Hippo on bothe sides The other they made tributarie aswel lands as bodies men and womeÌ„ alike and determined to send euery yere a President to them from Rome WheÌ„ they had done this they sayled to Rome Scipio hauing doone all things accordingly finished the sacrifices and the plaies for the victory And things being ordered he sayled home and made as passing a triumphe as euer manne didde full of golde and monuments of holy things which the Carthaginians in so long time and so ofte victories had brought from all the worlde into Libya This hapned when they triumphed of Macedonia the third time Andrisco that counterfaâ—ted himselfe to be Philips sonne being ouercome the first of Grecia by Mummius And this was about y CLX Olympiade Afterwarde when Caius Gracchus was Tribune in Rome and Insurrection being made for want he thought good to seÌ„d 6000 to inhabite in Libya And wheÌ„ they had drawn the plat about Carthage the Wolues destroyed all the plat confounded it So the Senate refrained from séding that habitatioÌ„ But again in time when Caius Caesar who was made the second Dictator after his victorie had driuen Pompey into Egipt Pompeâ— friendes from Aegipt to Libya they saye when hée encamped at Carthage a mighty army appered to him in his sléepe wéeping which troubling him he called to remembrance and made a note that Carthage should be inhabited And not long after the poore souldiors requiring land of him at Rome he gaue order that some shoulde be sent to Carthage and some to Corinth but he béeing shortly after killed in the Senate house of his enimies hys son Caesar called Augustus finding thrée remembraÌ„ces of his father sent an inhabitation of that Carthage that nowe is as nigh the olde as might be to auoide the olde execration The Romanes sente thither 3000. to inhabite to place the rest in the country about Thus Libya that was vnder Carthage was conquered of the Romanes and Carthage desâ—royed and inhabited againe after the destruction two hundred and two yeares The ende of the Romane vvarres vvith the Carthaginians ¶ Appianus Alexandrinus of the Romane warres with the Parthians AFter them that folowed PoÌ„pey to rule Syria being ouercome Gabinius an officer of the Romanes was sent to gouerne the same He marching againste the Arabians Mithridates King of Parthia â—eing driuen oute of his kingdome by â—rodes his brother tourned hym from the Arabians to the Parthians But Ptolomeus the eleauenth King of Aegipt perswaded him by mony to leaue the Parthians and make warre vppon Alexandrîa And he ouercomming them of Alexandrîa restored Prolomeus to his kingdome but being banished of the Romanes bicause he made warre againste the Aegiptians which they accompted vniuste bycause it was forbidden by Sybyllas bookes he fledde After Gabinius I thinke Crassus gouerned Syria and making warre vpon the Parthians was ouerthrowen with great calamitie after whome Bibulus being president the Parthians inuated Syria And in the time of Saxa ruling after Bibulus they ranne as farre as Ionia the Romanes being at debate among
that though there were none enimies the iourney by the playnesse was waylesse vncertaine harde and strange to finde The way by the hilles had none other difficultie but wante of water for one day Beyng turned to this he commaunded to goe by night and to carie water There was wante of vesselles therefore they caried water in their head-péeces and some in skinnes Their goyng beyng knowen to the Parthians they came vpon them by night contrary to their maner and by the rysing of the Sunne they molested the tayle now weary with watchyng and labour for they had gone that night twoo hundreth and fortie furlongs not thinking their enimies woulde haue come so soone they were discouraged for neyther had they drinke and muste fight aâ— they went. The former chaunced to méete with a floudde whose water was colde and cleare but salte and venemous The whiche â—eing dronke dyd wring the belly with torment and inflamed their drouthe â–ª And though Mardus gaue them warnyng of it notwithstandyng they â—eate them off that woulde haue stayed them and dronke it Antonie came among them and prayed them to be content for a whyle for there was an other floudâ—e of good water not farre off and that the residue-of the way was sharpe and not for horsemen at the whiche their enimies would leaue them Then blowing the retreate he commaunded to pitche their tentes that at the least â–ª the Soldiours might repose them in the shadowe The tentes beyng sâ—tte and the Parthians goyng their waâ— as they were wante â–ª Miâ—hrâ—dâ—â—es came agayne and wilâ—ed Alexander that came to him â–ª to see that the armie shoulde take little reste but goe and make haste to the floudde bycause the Parthians woulde goe no further but iâ—yther they woulde folow them This beyng tolde to Antonie Alexander brought from hym â–ª cuppes and vessels of golde of the which Alexander taking so many as hée coulde carie vnder his â—â—â—ke wente his waye They remoued and wâ—nt the reste of that day without any trouble of their enimies But the night they made to theÌ„selues moste vnâ—â—â—ot and fearefull for they killed them that had any Golde â—â— Siluer â–ª and they spoyled the money that was caried and in the ende â—â—nfacked Antonies cariage and tooke awaye his vessell and tables of Golde and diuided them amongst them There was great feare confusion in the whole armie for they thought the enemies had turned and spoyled their people Antonie called one of hysâ—gâ—rde whise name was Ramâ—nâ—â— and made hym to 〈◊〉 that when hée commaunded hym hée â—shoulde 〈◊〉 hys â—â—â—rde thorough him and cut off his head that it mighte neyther â—ee taken aliue of the enimie nor knowne whâ—â— hee was deadâ— His friendes wéepyng Marâ—â—â— â—omforted Antonie that the â—â—oudde was néere at hande for a moist breath was felt and a colde ayre came vnto theÌ„ that made the breathing swéete and the time quoth he of our iorney doth agrée with the measure for there was but a little of the night left And then came other and said the tumult did rise of iniurie spoile among themselues Therfore bringing the multitude from confusion and feare to order he commanded to encamp Now day began to shewe and the army beginning to take a little reste the archers of the Parthians fel vpon the hindermoste wherefore token of fight was giuen to the shotte The armed men couering themselues againe with the shields staied to â—ouâ—e with the enimy The fore warde going on a little after the floud appeared and the horsemen kéeping the enimies off they caryed ouer the sicke men first and whiles these were fighting they had leisure and quiet to drinke When the Parthians saw the floud they vnbended their bows and badde the Romanes go on boldely commending much theyr vertue When they were passed with quiet they gathered togyther againe for they had no great truste in the Parthians as they went The sixte day after the last fighte they came to the floude Araxes diuiding Media and Armenia it appeared both déepe and swift and it was saide that the enimies came to set vpon them in the passage But when they were quietly passed and come into Armenia as thoughe they had séene that land from the sea they knéeled downe and with teares and embracings one of another for ioye they ranne togither But nowe going by a plentifull Country and al vsing superfluitie after their want they fell into dropâ—â—es and Chollycke diseases And when Antonie made his muster he founde .xx. M. footemen and horsemen to be slaine not all of the enimies 〈…〉 ore than halfe of diseases They were going from â—h 〈…〉 seaâ—â—â— and twentie daies and they ouercame the Parthians in eightéene battells but their victories had no substaÌ„unce nor suretie of them that made ofte and small chases It was well perceyued that Artabazes the Armenian was the cause why Antonie coulde not bring this war to end For the sixtéene thousande horse that hée led out of Media might haue done best seruice against the Parthians being armed like them and accustomed to fight wyth them and when they â—â—ed from the Romanes fight they should haue chased them that being so ouercome they could not haue bin bold to set vpon them againe so oft All the army for anger moued Antonie to be reuenged of the king He vsing discretion did neyther blame his defection nor change any of his wonted humanitie and honor to him his army being yet weake and néedy but afterwarde being come againe into Armenia and with fayre words and promises persuading him to come to his handes he toke him and carried him bounde to the triumph at Alexandrîa which most grieued the Romanes that the goodly and comely things of their country should be translated to Alexandrîa for Cleopatras sake Thus he did Betwéene the kings of Media and Parthia fell a variaunce begonne as they say for the Romanes spoyle and the Median king being in daÌ„ger thereby to loose his kingdome he sent to Antonie promising to make war with him with all his power Therefore Antonie was broughte into greatehope for he supposed he wanted nothing to ouercome the Parthians but horsmen and archers the which he saw was now offred him to gratify him without any asking He prepared to go again into Armenia to ioyne with the Median at the floud Araxes and there to moue the warre but being called backe by the intercessions of Octauia and Cleopatra he deferred the Median til the next sommer although the Parthians were at diuisioÌ„ yet going to him once again he made league with him when he had maryed one of his daughters with a sonne of Cleopatra he returned againe to Ciuil warre The end of the Romanes vvar vvith the Parthians ¶ The Romanes war with the IllyriaÌ„s by Appian of Alexandrîa THe Grecians thinke them to be Illyrians that haue their dwelling beyond Macedonia and Thraecia from Chaonia Thesprotia
aboue xij Mâ—talentes vpon it nor for no great holynesse but for his pleasure for his Galieries and his banquetting houses passed thys Dictator vvas he that ruled alone yet at the battell he might not be on horsebacke Caesar conquered Fraunce passed the floud â—eâ—â— and sayled into England Caesar offreth conditions The place vvâ— called â—harsalia from the vvhich Pompey fled into Egypt vvhere he vvas killed of the yong Kings Counsellers Pompey for hys valiantnesse had the name of Megnus that is Great giuen vnto him Brutus Casâ—ius These attendures the Romaines called proscriptions vvhen a decree vvas vvritten to coÌ„denme a man vvithout aunsvvere and kiâ— him vvithout lavv â—epidâ—s Antonius Octauâ—tes * Actâ—o a place in â—pirâ— The Gulfe of Ionia is from Brunâ—usia to Mont Gargone the rest is called the Gulfe of Venice Egypt Augustus is a name by the vvhich the Romaines did cal their holy things 25. Augusta temple Auguriâ—m and vvhatsoeuer Iupiter encreaseth by hys mightie povver The Senate did consult to cal him Roâ—â—dus but this name semed more holy and reuerent that vvhiles hee vvas aliue hee might be conseâ—rated as a god The order of the story vvhiche is left out in the Italian translation VVhen Caesar Octauian had ouercome Antony and Cleopatra made Egipt a prouince to the Empire of Rome he made one Cornelius Gallus lieftenant there and in token of the Conquering of that countrey firste by him hee coyned a money in the vvhiche vvas the picture of a Crocodile vvhich is there only to be seene in the floud Nilus chayned to a palme tree trees of Palmes laide ouer him vvith an inscription Col. Nem. that is Câ—lligauit Nemo signifiyng that hee triumphed of Egipt sprinkling it vvith deavv instead of rayne of vvhich there is none It vvas 500. yeares before the Romaines could conquere Italy This manner of inhabitants they called Colonies vvhich vvere taken by lot as the Greeke vvorde expresseth vvhich is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Romaines order for inhabiting the grouÌ„d The Romaines make account of the Italian nation Increase of slaues Decay of Italians This vvas called Lex Liciniâ— An Acre vvas so much ground as a payre of Oâ—en could arie in a day the measure vvhereof 240. foote in length a 120. in breadth The measure of a foote vvas 4. handes and one hand vvas foure fingers and the measure of a singer according to Geometry three barely cornes This is added 〈◊〉 the Italian translation Thys Gracchus vvas sent Pretor to Numantia vvhere the CoÌ„sul Mancinus vvas ouerthrovvne and seking for peace the Numantines vvould graunt none excepte Gracchus vvere sent to theÌ„ vvhiche being done a peace vvas made the vvhiche the Senate did not approue though xx M. Citizens vvere saued thereby beside the slaues and rascals in so much as the consul vvas sent thither againe naked bounde but Gracchus the people praysed that had saued so many CitizeÌ„s vpon vvhich occasion he became an enemye to the Senate and a friend to the people * * * A Syrian slaue in Sicelie after a mad sorte raging vvith a desire to make rebellion pretended a religion of doing honor to the goddesse of Syria and called bondemen to libertie and armes and that he might seeme to do that by the vvil of God he held a nutte in his mouth stuffed vvyth Sulphure and fire the vvhich vvhen he spake did cast forth flames * * * The olde Romaines did bury in their possessioÌ„s and it vvas long after Christ ere meÌ„ vvere buried in sacred places The poore offended The Latin translation of P. Candidus and the Italian differeth from the Greeke Gracchus talke M. Octauius reâ—isteth the lavve Gracchus to the Senate * * * The vvord signifyeth the great men or â— streight Fiue and thirtie companies â—â— Rome Gracchus excuseth himselfe of the depriuation of his fellovv Octauius depriâ—ed Q. Mummius chosen Lavv of landes Officers for the lavv Appius Claudius â–ª Gracchus labours the people Doubt in theÌ„ election Tumult bâ— Gracchus Temple of Fayth Dictator Chiefe Bishop P. Scipio Nafica Superstition The fray Gracchus slayne vvho vvas a gentle curteous man sober and eloquent vvith modestie First Sedition 〈…〉 vvas a base sonne to Lumenes by a vvench of Ephesus that vvas a Minstreâ—s daughter Aâ—â—â—â—â—s sonne to Luâ—enes made his Testament after this soâ—e Populus Romanus honorum mâ—orum haeres esto The Romaines stayed the prouince of Pergamo Aristonicus as heyre to his father inuaded it and killed Licinius Gracchus that vvas sent against him Then M. Perpenna ouerthrevv him at Strâ—â—onicâ— and vvas killed in prison by the Senates commaundement â— Flaccus P. Carbo Proclamation The Italians sueth to Scipio Scipio Tuditanus The Illirians novv Slaâ—onianâ— â–ª The people of Rome against Scipio Sempronia and Cornelia suspected of Scipios death This vvas Scipio Iunior Africanus nephevv to Scipio Affricanus that ouerthrevv Anniball Seruauntes confession Ingratitude Freedome of the Citie Fuluius Flaccus Caius Gracchus the seconde Tribune Distribution A lavv for the Tribunes benefite Gentlemen Equites The next degree to the Senators after the order of the Athâ—nians vvhen they vvere able to find an horse â–ª Iudgements of corruption Cornelius Cotta Salinator made the toll of salt Manius Acilius ouercame Antiochus Corruption Translation of Iudgements Crueltie of the Gentlemen Gracchus maketh â—â—vv vvayes Gracchus giueth voyce in elections Liuius Drusus The Senates deuice to ouerthrovv the lavves Gracchus sayleth into Afrike Colonie An inhabitance vvhere Carthage vvas Inhabitance reuoked Attilius Attilius killed Gracchus acte detested L. Opimius Auentine vvas one of the seauen hâ—ls of Rome Second seditioÌ„ The vvoodden bridge vvas at that part of Tiber that goeth to the hill Ianiculo Gracchus and Fuluius slayne This Gracchus vvas very eloquent but so vehement as he vvould moue vp and dovvne and cast his Govvne off hys shoulders Purgation of the Citie Temple of Concorde Lavv to sell lande Diuision by money Sp. Borius A Theatre vvas a place of Playes to bee seene of the people and it vvas round sauing in one place An Ampâ—â—theatre vvas round euerye vvhere Sometime the Theatres serued for the people to learne OratioÌ„s Q. Metellus Censor This Nonius of other is called Memmius and Mumius Nonius killed In this matter this Author sees meth to varie from other Metellus C. Marius vvas an enimie to the nobilitie and a laborers sonne voyde of learning and rude in manners yet so good a Souldiour as vvhen Scipio vnder vvhome he serued in Spayne vvas asked vvhome hee thought meete to be generall after him hee clapped Marius on the shoulder and sayd peraduenture this â—â—â— â–ª Obiection against the lavv Thunder stoppeth any proceeding in elections and assemblies The Citizens against the Countreymen The lavve vvonne by force Marius dissembleth A deuice of Marius to illude the lavve The vvords be â–ª 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 commentum subtilâ—â—â—â— Metellus refuseth the oth The moderatioÌ„ of Metellus Metellus banished Gracchus the runnagate vvho