that they would obserue what soeuer he determined whervpon they yeelded I iudge then quoth he that none of you depart this Temple before you bee reconciled Thus were they coÌ„strained to agree between themselues Archidamus freed from loosing their friendships whoÌ„ he deerly loued The Egyptians shewed signes of stronger friendship to their friends beeing dead then when they were lyuing Scipio Affricanus going against the Numantines deuided his Army into 500. companies and made one band which hee called Philonida the band of friends Mithridates sought to driue Nicomedes forth of Bithinia vvho vvas friende to the Romaines and gaue the Romans so much to vnderstand to vvhom the Senate made aunswer that if he warred vpon Nicomedes he should likewise feare the force of the Romaines Appian Cicero and Clodius Tiberius and Affricanus froÌ„ mortall foes became faithful friends Scipio greatly complained that men were very skilfull in numbring their Goates and Sheepe but few could reckon their friends Alexander helde Aristotle deere Darius Herodotus Augustus Piso Pampeius Plaâ—tus Titus Plinie Traiane Plutarch Anthonius Apollonius Theodotius Claudius Seuerus Fabatus Pericles beeing desired by a friende to ayde him with false witnes aunswered That hee would friend him as high as the heauens meaning that men should ayde theyr friends so far as iustice gods lawes did permit Thu. Plato seeing he could not bring the Common-wealth to happines by vertue reduced all lawes to friendship deuising all things to be common affirming that two only words namely Mine Thine where the things that disturbed the society of man Homer giueth Achilles a Patroclus Virgill an Achates vnto Aeneas Alexander had his Hephestion Darius his Zopirus and Scipio his Laelius Dion and Iulius Caesar had rather die then distrust theyr friends Plu. Augustus wanting his olde friends Maecenas and Agrippa said that if they had lyued hee had not fallen into the troubles hee vvas then in Seneca Scaurus and Cataline the conspirators against Rome and Brutus and Cassius the murtherers of Caesar held great leagues and confederacie together but in no sort they could be called friends for there can bee no true amitie vvhere is no vertue Among heauenlie bodyes Mercury Iupiter Sol and Luna are friendes to Saturne but Mars and Venus are his enemies All the Planets sauing Mars are friendes to Iupiter and all the rest of the Planets sauing Venus hate Mars Iupiter and Venus loue Sol. Mars Mercury and Luna are his enemies and all the rest of the Planets loue Venus except Saturne Iupiter Venus and Saturne are friendes to Mercury Sol Luna and Mars are hys enemies There are inclinations of friendship in vigâ—able mineralls as the Loadstone hath to yron the Emerald hath to riches and fauours the stone Iaspis to child-birth the stone Achates to eloquence and Naptha â—ot onely draweth fire vnto it but fire leapeth vnto it where soeuer it is the like dooth the roote Aproxes Such friendship is betweene the male and female Date tree that when a bough of the one shall touch a bough of the other they fold themselues into a naturall embracing neuer doth the female bring forth fruit without the male Vines loue the Elme tree the Oliue the Mirtle likewise loueth the Oliue the Fig-tree and if the Almond tree grovve alone it will proue vnfruitfull There is friendship betweene the Blacke-bird and the Thrush betweene the Choffe and the Heron betweene the Peacocks and the Doues Isodorus Cato the Censor had a Ring vvhereon was engrauen Esto amicus vnius et inimicus nullius Bee friende to one and enemie to none Plinie Of Loue. All the Arts and Sciences of the worlde may in time be learned except the Art of Loue the which neither Salomon had skill to write nor Asclepias to paynt nor Ouid to teach Helen to report or Cleopatra learne beeing a continuall Schoolemaister in the hart whose diuine furies are Propheticall misticall poeticall amatorial consecrated to Apollo Bacchus the Muses and Venus THe Poets meane nothing els by those tovvnes of Adamant vvhich they vvrite of but the loue of Cittizens vvho by no force or policie can be ouercome so long as in hart they hold together The Grecians so long as they continued at peace among themselues they vvere coÌ„querers of all men but after that ciuill discention had once entered in amongst them they fell daily more and more to such ruine that in fewe yeeres they became laughing-stocks to all the world Plutarch Balsaria when Calphurinus Crassus vvas taken captiue of the Messalines and shoulde haue beene offered for a sacrifice vnto Saturne shee deliuered Crassus from death made him conquerer Caluce after Troy vvas destroyed vvhen King Lycus her Father sayling into Lybia had appointed to kill Diomedes for sacrifice to appease the Gods for vvind vveaâ—â—er she deliuered him from her Father and sâ—ued his lyfe Scipio Affricanus esteemed so much the Poet Ennius aliue that being dead hee caused his picture to bee set before his eyes as a memoriall of his great loue Plutarch Pomponius Atticus thought himself happie when either Cicero was in his sight or his bookes in his bosome Plato in his booke intituled Conuiuium interlaceth Comicall speeches of loue hovvbeit al the rest of the supper there is nothing but discourses of Philosophy Alexander loued highly Apelles insomuch that after he had made him draw out a Iâ—eman of his naked whom hee likewise loued deerely vnderstanding that he was enamored on her he bestowed her on him Alexander vvould haue his picture drawne by none but Apelles nor cut by any in brasse but onely Lysippus so greatly did he affect them Curtius Stagerita the towne where Aristotle vvâ—â— borne beeing destroyed by Philip of Macâ—â—don Alexander his sonne for the loue heâ— bare to his Maister Aristotle reedified thâ— same againe Valerius seruaunt to Panopion hearing that certaine souldiours came vnto the Cittie of Rheatina of purpose to kill his master hee changed apparrell with his maister and conueyed him away suffering himselfe to be slaine in his Masters bed for the great loue he bare him The Persians for the affection they bare to theyr horses when they died buried them Alexander made a tombe for Bucephalus Seuerus the Emperour for the loue hee bare to Pertinax whom Iulianus slew willed that men shoulde euer after call him Pertinax Eutrop. A Persian vvoman beeing asked why shee had rather saue the life of her brother then of her owne sonne Because sayd she I well may haue more children but neuer no more brothers seeing my father and mother are dead Eros the seruant of Antonius hauing promised to kill his Maister when hee requested him drevv his sword and holding it as if hee would haue killed him turned his Maisters head aside and thrust the sword into his own body Plutarch Agesilaus was fined by the Ephories because he had stolne away the harts wonne the loue of all his cittizens to himselfe The Emperour Claudius did neither loue nor hate but
funerals Oceanus was the great God of the Sea Soâ— to Caelum and Vesta the Father of all the Riuers Tethis was Goddesse of the Sea vvife of Oceanus and mother to all the Sea Nymphs Triton was the sonne trumpeter of Neptune begotten by him of Amphitrite Ouid. Glaucus a fisher perceauing the fishes which he had taken by tasting of an hearbe on the banke to leape into the Sea againe tasted therof him selfe and by the vertue therof was forced to leape into the Sea whence he was called one of the Sea Gods Idem Nereus was likewise a God and Nereides the Faieries of the Sea borne of Oceanus and Tethis Proteus a God of the Sea was some-times like a flame of fire somtimes like a Bul some times like a Serpent he fed Neptunes fishes called Phocae Castor and Pollux the twinnes of Laeda begotten by Iupiter in the forme of a Swanne vvhen they came to age scoured the sea of Pyrats therefore vvere counted the gods of the sea For the infernal goods looke in the chapter of hell The Assyrians vvorshipped Belus the Egiptians Apys the Chaldeans Assur the Babylonians the deuouring Dragon the Pharaons the statue of gold the Palestines Belzebub The Romaines chiefely honoured Iupiter the Affricans Mars the Corinthians Apollo the Arabians Astaroth the Aeginians the Sunne those of Achaia the Moone the Sidonians Belphegor and the Ammonites Balim The people of India honored Bacchus the Lacedemonians Ogyges the Macedonians Mercurie the Ephesians the Goddesse Diana the Greekes the goddesse Iuno the Armenians Liber the Troyans Vesta the Latines Februa the Tarentines Ceres the Rhodians Ianus Apollonius Vaginatus vvas worshipped that theyr châ—dren might not cry Ruminus was the God of sucking babes Stellinus of their first going Adeon theyr guide vvhen they vvent well Cunius vvas adored for the safetie of theyr chyldren in Cradles VVhen the Emperour Seuerus vvarred against the Gaules his vvife Iulia was deliuered of a daughter vvhose sister Mesa a Persian sent vnto the Empresse a Cradle for her childe made all of Vnicornes horne fine golde round about vvhich vvas artificially painted the image of the God Cunius Mentalis was theyr God of vvit Fessoria of trauailers and pylgrims Pelonia had the charge to conquer their enemies Rubigo to keepe their Vines from vvormes and the Corne from Locusts Muta vvas theyr God vvhom they prayed vnto to the end that theyr enemies might not speake euill of them Genoria vvas a goddesse among the Grecians vvhich chased away sloth and Stimulia they fained to be a goddesse which hastened them about theyr bâ—sinesse her Image was sette vp ouer the gate of the Senate house Vallonia vvas the goodesse of their vallies Segetia of their seeds Tutillina of their fields Ruana of their Reapers Forculus vvas the god of Goldsmithes Portulus vvas the God of their gates Cardea of theyr doores Psora vvas the goddesse of dishonest vvomen in Rome were 40. streets of common vvomen in the middst of which vvas theyr Temple Theatrica kept theyr Theaters in vvhich might well stand aboue 20. thousand and as many vnderneath her Temple was in the market of Cornelia vvhich Domitian destroyed because in his presence one of the Stages broke and killed many men Pulio Cloacina was goddesse of the stoole and of those that were troubled with the wind Collick Quies of their rest whose Temple Numa Pompilius built without the Citty noting therby that man in this world could neuer haue pleasure or rest The gods of Troy more enuied the gods of Greece then the Princes of Greece did the princes of Troy Vulcan Pallas were their enemies Apollo and Venus their friends The Phylosopher Bruxellis being ready to dye told the Romaines that where in times past they had but 5. Gods namely Iupiter Mars Ianus Berecynthia and Vesta he let for euery one of them a priuate God to 28000. housholds 28000. gods Aurel. The Egiptians although they were the first that excelled in the knowledge of celestiall and naturall things in somuch as Egipt was called the mother of Arts yet they aboue all others superstitiously worshipped Leeks and Onions Macrobius The Heathen honoured thirtie thousand Gods as Hesiodus vvriteth adored three hundred Iupiters as Marcus Varro vvitnesseth M. Cato vvorshipped his grounds desiring them to bring forth in aboundance and to keepe his Cattell safe Diagoras burning an Image of Hercules said Thou must now doe me seruice in this thirteene encounter as well as thou hast done to Euristheus in the other twelue The Assirians vvorshipped as many Gods as they had townes and the Grecians as many as they had fancies Melissus an auncient King of Creet dyd first of all others sacrifice to the Gods Vr Chaldaeorum the fire of the Chaldeans called also Orimasda that is holy fire vvas the first occasion of Idolatry this fire kings caused to be vsually carried before them vppon an horse There arose a great vvarre betvveene the Alleynes and the Armenians the occasion thereof vvas for that as they came to the feast of Olympus they fell in contention vvhether of theyr Gods were the better by reason of vvhich vvarre their CoÌ„monwealth and people were brought into great misery which the Emperour Adrianus perceiuing sent Iulius Seuerus vtterly to ouerthrovve those that vvould not bee ruled by his sentence vvhom he thus pacified willing that the Alleynes should take for their Gods the Armenians Gods and the Armenians the Gods of the Alleynes Pulio de dissol reg Of Antiquities The knowledge of Antiquities first inuention of things was so much in request among the Auncients that Plinie Marcus Varro Macrobius historiographers no lesse graue then true were in great controuersie for proouing what things were most auncient THere were seauen which first gaue lawes to the vvorlde Moses to the Hebrewes Solon to the Athenians Lycurgus to the Lacedemonians Numa Pompilius to the Romans Asclepeius to the Rhodians Minos to the Cretans and Phoroneus to the Egyptians Diod. Siculus All Counsellors and Lawyers of Rome did call the lavves that were most iust Forum in memory of Phoroneus The true and most auncient mettals be not of golde but yron much time passed in the Empire of Rome wherein the Romains had no mony but of brasse or yron the first coyne that was made to be melted in Rome of gold vvas in the time of Scipio Affricanus Corynthus the sonne of Orestes trayned by his Father to scoure the Sea and commit Ilands to spoyle reedifyed the Fortresse of Sisiphus a notorious Pyrat and called it Corinthus by his owne name so that this citty was fyrst built by tyrants gouerned by Tyrants and destroyed by tyrants Rome was builded by Romulus Ierusalem by Salem Alexandria of Alexander Antioche of Antiochus Constantinople before Bizantium of Constantinus Numantia in Spayne of Numa Pompilius In the Cittie of Numantia was but one crafts man he a Smith others they would not consent shoulde liue among theÌ„ saying That all such thinges euery man ought
rich crowne of â—old and offer it to Apollo but the common â—reasure being poore the vvomen defaced â—heir Owches and Iewels to make it with all â—or which they had graunted three things to â—eare on their heads garlands of flowers to goe in chariots and openly to the feasts of â—he Gods Theseus asked of the Gods three things good fortune want of inward sorrow such glory as was neither false counterfaite nor â—ained of three other boones which he prayed of Neptune the third was in his fury curâ—ing his sonne Hyppolitus and wishing his violent death which after it was granted he repented him Cicero Demonides hauing crooked feet lost both of his shooes where-vpon he desired God â—hat his shoone might serue his feet that had â—ound them VVhen Alcibiades was condemned by the Athenians they commaunded the religious people of either sexe to curse him which one of them refused to doe saying that they had entered religion not to make vniust but iust prayers Thucydides Sylla Tiberius Caligula and Nero neueâ— could but commaund and kill on the other side Augustus Titus and Traianus could not but pray and pardon in such manner that they ouercame praying as the other fighting The Lacedemonians custome was not to craue any thing of their Gods but what was of importance and consequence saying thaâ— all smal matters were to be obtained by manâ— industry Plinie in an oration he made in the prayse of Traiane commended the custome of the Auntients to make inuocation before the beginning of their work and sayd that there could be no assured nor wise beginning of any enterprise without the especiall ayde and counsaile of God In Athence was a temple dedicated to Mercy which the Athenians kept so well watched and locked that without leaue licence of the Senate none might enter therein in this temple were only the Images of pittiful men and none entered there to pray and doe sacrifice but those that vvere pittifull Macrobius Isocrates prayed God to saue and keepe him from his friends rather then his enemies saying of his enemies he could be wary â—ecause I trust them not so can I not of my â—â—iends because I haue assured confidence 〈◊〉 them Octauius prayed GOD that it might be â—yde that by him the common wealth of â—ome was preserued from all danger and at â—is death to carry with him that hope that 〈◊〉 might remaine many ages in that estate â—e left it Suetonius A poore man craued an almes of the Emâ—erour Maximilian and told him that they â—ame both of one Father to wit Adam and â—o consequently were brethren desiring broâ—herly to deale with him to whom the Emâ—erour gaue a small peece of siluer whereat â—hen he saw the poore man discontented he told him that he ought to take it in good worth saying that if euery one of his breâ—hren would giue him as much he should â—uickly be richer then himselfe Anthony distressed by the King of Parâ—â—ia held vp his hands to heauen saying if aâ—y disdaine of GOD remayned of his forâ—er fortunes hee desired it might fall vpon â—im so the Romaine army might be freed â—nd haue the victory Appian Virginia the daughter of Virginius for that her Father was a Plebeian was forbidden to doe sacrifice with other Romaine matrone in the temple of Chastity wherfore she madâ— a temple of her own house to the Goddesse for which the Senate made her a Patritiaâ— Liuius Claudius defiled the faire matrone Obeâ—â—na as he found her praying in the temple 〈◊〉 Minerua who condemned for sacriledge escaped punishment by bribes Brutus not satisfied in killing Caesar madâ— his prayers vnto Iupiter and the hoast 〈◊〉 heauen to plague Caesar and his posterity VVhen the Cretans were vngently intreated of the Romaines they did not pray 〈◊〉 their Gods to send them pestilence warre and famine or sedition but that they woulâ— suffer new customes manners and fashion to be brought amongst them The praier of old Cato was that the couâ—â— of pleas might bee set with linnes and 〈◊〉 to take the professors of the brawâ—â—â— study of law Plutarch Alexander caused his Horse Bucephalus be buried Augustus his Parrot and Heliogabalus his Sparrow at whose obsequieâ— hee prayed and caused the body to be embalmed Of Vertue The Hebrewes by reason of the tenne Comâ—aundements boasted that they had the cheefest â—od and the summe of all Vertue MArcus Marcellus building a Temple which he called the Temple of Honor 〈◊〉 so place situate the same as none could â—aue any entrance therein except hee came â—â—rough the Temple of Vertue Liuius The Romans did not onely assigne the â—hiefest places to men of vertue but likewise â—ubliquely they gaue them Speares Horse-â—appings and Garlands Tacitus VVhen the Romaine Victors rode in tryâ—mph a slaue sate behind them striking them 〈◊〉 vpon the necke that they shoulde reâ—ember themselues and not be proude and â—hat euery man shoulde hope by vertue to â—ome to the like dignity Plutarch Fabius for his vertues was sirnamed Maxiâ—â—us where before he was called Gurges Alexanders vertues purchased him the sirâ—ame of great Plut. It is recorded of Fabius that it was as hard â—o draw him from his honestie and vertues as the sunne from his course Eutropius Camillus for a disgrace happening to him in Rome was banished into Campania where his vertues and seruice in the vvars oâ— that country succeeded so happily with him that hee returned to Rome not as an offender but in great tryumph No Athenian excelled Alcibiades eytheâ— for vertue or vice Iustinus Socrates made him to weepe for that hee shewed him by liuely reasons that he vvas 〈◊〉 lesse estimation then a base hinde if hee haâ— not vertue and that it behooued him to bâ— sorrowfull The Rhodians and the Lydians had a lawe that those sonnes which followed not they fathers in theyr vertues but liued viciously should be disinherited and theyr lands giue to the most vertuous of that race not admitting any impious heyre vvhat-soeuer Varro For that Artaxerxes Mnemon was a vertuous Prince delighted in peace the succeeding kings of Persia were called by his name Basilius Emperour of Constantinople aâ— his death exhorted Leo his sonne to vertuous actions and not to become slaue to hyâ— owne affections by good lyfe and studie oâ— â—odlines to beautifie his soule shewing himâ—â—lfe the image and Lieuetenant of the Knig 〈◊〉 heauen Theophrastus Demetrius the scholler of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 he had ten yeeres gouerned the state of â—hence hauing in memory of his vertues â—â—ree hundred and threescore statues erected 〈◊〉 Greece yet were they all through enuie â—oken dovvne which when he heard of he 〈◊〉 Though they burne my pictures yet cannot â—â—ey burne the vertuous cause of them Theoprastus Alexander vvilled that the Grecians and Barbarians shoulde no more be disguised by â—â—eyr garments but that the Grecian should be knowne by vertue and the Barbarian by 〈◊〉 accounting all vertuous men Greciâ—ns and all vicious Barbarians Quint. Curâ—â—us Menander King
notwithstanding hee had subdued two mighty Citties Numance and Carthage so bountifull vvas hee all hys life time Lisander esteemed liberalitie to others more then his owne priuate welfare Fabius Maximus at his owne charge redeemed many Romaine prisoners that were taken captiue by Haniball Of Patience This vertue causeth a vvise man to prepare himselfe to entertaine all kind of fortunes therfore God hath so disposed things that hee will not suffer man to haue a prescience of thinges to come OF all men one man named Anarchus Augustus was most patient in torments and one woman named Laena most patient for silence Plinie Plutarch gaue the Emperor Traiane counsell to be patient towards furious folkes considering that time moderateth as many matters as reason doth change Socrates beeing counselled to reuenge a wrong receiued aunswered VVhat if a mastie had bitten me or an Asse had strooke mee would you haue me goe to law with them Ptolomey King of Egypt demaunded merily of a Gramarian who was the Father of Peleus who aunswered that he desired first to know who was the Father of Lagus noting thereby his base parentage whom when he vvas counselled to punish sayd patiently If it be vnseemely for a King to be mocked it is also as vndecent for him to mocke another Valentinian was of a subtile wit graue countenaunce stoute in his affayres in aduersities patient and a great enemie of the vicious temperate in eating and drinking and a friend to religious persons P. Diac. After Sylla the Romaine had resigned hys Dictatorshyp and became a priuate man a certaine young-man greatly reuiled him gaue him euill language euen before his own dwelling place hee nowe patiently bearing his speeches without any reuengement who before had caused many of his country-men to die for smaller offences tovvardes him Appian VVhen Nicodromos the Musitian had smytten Crates the Thebane on the face he ware a peece of paper on his forheade ouer the wound where in he wrote This did Nicodromos He vvould of purpose scold with harlots thereby to inure himselfe to beare al reproches the more patiently Dem. Phal VVhen the persecuted Christians complained against theyr aduersaries to Iulian the Emperour desiring iustice he ansvvered them It is your Maisters commaundement that you should beare all kinde of iniuries with patience Mauritius the Emperour beholding the death of his children vvith great patience vvhen he savve his vvife put to death cryed out O Lord thou art iust and thy iudgements are right Darius what ill hap soeuer chaunced vnto him hee tooke it patiently and vvas neuer troubled in minde for the same Herodotus Anaxagoras vvas much commended for so patiently bearing the death of his sonne for when newes was brought him that his sonne was dead he sayd I knew that I had begotten a mortall man Laertius Eretricus one of Zenos schollers beeing asked of his father what hee had learned aunswered hee would tell him by and by but hee thereat angry strooke his sonne vvho presently sayd vnto him This much haue I learned to beare patiently the wordes and blowes which my father giueth me Lycurgus hauing lost one of his eyes by the misbehauiour of Alcander towards him the Cittizens brought Alcander vnto him to be punished but he contrary to their request patiently dismissed him and pardoned the offence Thucidides Eusebius vvhen a vvicked vvoman of the sect of Arrius had vvillingly throwne a stone at him and therewithall had vvounded him to death he was so patiently minded and so farre from taking reuenge that hee svvore all his friends that were about him at the very howre of his death not to punish her for the same Xenophon Dion and Antigonus are faâ—ous for theyr singuler patience The Gymnosophists of India were so patient that from sunne rising till sunne setting they continued vpon the hote sand vvithout either meate or drinke The Lacedemonians were most patient in trauaile winde weather and warres Diogenes walking one day abroade in Athence wherein there was many images of such auncient men as had best deserued of the Common-wealth asked his almes of them all one after another and being asked why he did so I learne heereby quoth he to take deniall patiently The Hebrew Doctors figure the Asse as a perfect symbole of patience fortitude and clemencie Cor. Agrippa Because the Asse patiently yeeldeth his body to so many burdens in reward thereof he is neuer troubled with the lousie sicknesse Idem The Asse vvas so respected in the olde Testament that when God commaunded euery first borne to be slaine for sacrifice hee onely spared with men Asses Christ vvould haue the patient Asse a witnesse of his natiuitie Idem A certaine Philosopher vsurped the name not to the true vse of vertue but for ostentation sake to whom one sayd that hee would not repute him a vvise Phylosopher vnlesse he dyd vvith patience endure contumelies and iniuries vvhich hee a vvhile did suffer but boasting sayd Now doost thou see that I am a right Phylosopher but the other presently replyed I had vnderstood so much if thou hadst held thy peace Boetius Tyberius Caesar was commended of Suetonius for suffering in free citties free tongs Philip of Macedon asked the Embassadors of Athence vvhat pleasure hee might doe to them to vvhom they answered that it were the greatest pleasure to Athence if he would hang himselfe which the King patienly endured saying Your reprochfull wordes doe make King Philip better able to reuenge your malice by warres then moue him to aunswere your vnseeming speeches with words Alexander Seuerus beeing by some of hys friendes informed that he was greatly maligned of his people blamed of the Senators for the slender regard he had of the Citty he sayde It belongeth to Princes to requite the good and not remember the euill Herodian Harpalus was of exceeding patience being bidden by Astiages to supper vvhere he had tvvo sonnes of his ready drest and layde in a siluer charger before him on the table to bee eaten Iustinus Of Education There be two ages as Aristotle saith wherinto the institution of youth is to bee deuided namely from the age of seauen yeeres vntill foureteene and from foureteene to one twentie for they that deuide the ages by seuen most commonly say amisse but it is rather meete to follow the deuision of nature because euery Art and institution will supply the want of nature IN Persia Lacedemonia and sundry other Prouinces the Princes and the Nobilitie had alvvayes a special regard to commit the education of theyr chyldren to such men of learning as might instruct them in matters of vvisedome whereby they might proue profitable to their câ—untry Lycurgus to prooue that education could alter nature brought vp two whelps which had both one Damme the one to hunt the other to keepe house and afterward to try the conclusion he sette downe before them an Hare and a pot of pottage the one fell tâ— the pottage the other ranne after the Hare Aelianus Socrates and
study made him proue so rare an Orator Marius so charged his Souldiours and employed them in the ditches neere vnto the Rhyne that they vvere after termed the moyles of Marius Appian Nicias a paynter was so earnest and intentiue to his profession that he forgot to take food sustenance to succour nature Aelian The Romains allowed euery houre of the day a seuerall kind of exercise Martialis Caesar in the warres betwixt him and Pompey vsed such diligence that comming ouâ— of Fraunce he made himselfe Maister of all Italy in three score dayes without any effusion of blood and droue away his enemy Plutarch Caesar although he was weake and of tender complexion subiect to the falling-sicknes vsed not the infirmity of his body for a cloake to liue idely but tooke the labours of warre for a medicine fighting against disease with continuall labour exercise lying for the most part in the open aire with his Souldiours Idem Claudius enioying an assured peace caused the channell Fucinus to be made that Rome might haue the commodity of good vvaters about vvhich worke 30â— thousand were daily imployed for the space of twelue yeares Adrianus seeing a generall peace within his Empire continually vndertooke new and strange iourneyes one while into Fraunce another into Germany then into Asia causing his men of vvarre to march with him least being idle they should forget their martiall discipline Iustinus A wise Romaine counsailed the Senate not â—o haue peace with Carthage least the Romaines being in safety should become idle and grow too ciuile dissentions Gelon King of Syracusa led his people oftentimes into the fields as well to labour the ground and to plant as to fight both that the earth might be better being well dressed as also because he feared least his people should grow idle The wise and auntient Kings of Aegipt imployed their idle people in digging of the earth building of those Pyramides which are reckoned amongst the seauen wonders of the world M. Aurelius speaking of the diligence of the auntient Romaines writeth that they all followed their labour so earnestly that hauing necessary occasion one day to send a letter two or three dayes iourney from the towne he could not finde one idle body in all the Citty to doe it Too much diligence is hurtfull which Apelles reproued in Protogenes who would neuer keepe his hands from the table not knowing when a thing was well Alexander in the night time vsed to hold a siluer ball in his hand when he went to bed hauing a siluer Bason vpon the ground vnder his arme that when he was a sleepe the falling of the ball might awake him and put him in remeÌ„brance of his enemies Brusonius Iulius Caesar deuided the night into three parts to Nature to his owne Country about his owne businesses Phillip King of Macedon when his Souldiours slept he alwaies watched Brusonius He neuer slept before his friend Antipater would watch King Phillip doubted more the diligence of Demosthenes then he feared all the force of Athence Demosthenes that he might auoyd all occasions of the Citties pleasures with more liberty apply his studies caused the haire of his head to bee close shaued off for three vvhole moneths together Plautus writ his Comedies in the day and in the night grinded in a mill Solon ordained that the high Court of Areopagus should haue authority and charge to inquire whereof euery man liued and to punish those whom they found idle and dissolute Iulius Caesar obtained many victories by his diligence in such wise that hee amazed the Carnuts that had reuolted from him Traian and Adrian were so diligent skilfull in warre matters that they knew the account of their Legions and called the most part of their Souldiours by name Eutropius Epaminondas neuer gaue him selfe respite from dealing in matters of state saying that â—e watched for his Country-mens sakes to the intent that they might make good chere at their ease vvhile hee trauailed for them Scipio sent against Hanibal marched at the sunne set riding all night toward Carthage and by day he was there and made a ditch trench about it the same day prepared to giue the assault Appian Crispus differing froÌ„ others seeming to be more prone to plesure did notwithstaÌ„ding apply himselfe to the handling of important matters which he performed with most diligence vnder a show of idlenes Tacitus Agrippa did wisely admonish him that intended to conserue his credite in Court to obserue two things the one that with his labours he should mollifie the hardnes of matters the other that he should leaue the glory of atchiuing them to others Diodorus Caesar vsed such expedition in the last encounter with Pompey at Pharsalia that hee writ to the Senate Veni vidi vici I came saw and ouercame Plut. Of Constancy Perseuerance In euery good action aduisedly begun is required constancy and perseuerance which are called by Tully the health of the mind resisting all dolours that seekes to confound it and contayning in their power the whole force and efficacie of wisedome POmponius Atticus was much renowned for his constant behauiour towards Mithridates whom hee esteemed as one of his Princes about him Appian M. Regulus was not so coÌ„mended because he had been twise consull and once had gloriously tryumphed as for keeping his fayth giuen to the Carthagenians and suffered his eye-lids to be cut off and so to stand against the Sunne vntill he died Zeno being cruelly tormented of a King of Cyprus to conâ—es what he vrged because he would not satisfie his mind bit off his tong and spit it in the tormentors face The constancy of Caius Marius was wonderfull who to recouer his health did not only giue himselfe to be sawed in sunder but stood so quietly while it was doing as if not he but another man had felt the paine Although a thousand troubles encombred the common-wealth yet Socrates was of an vnchangeable spirit and mind and in all cases constant Laertius Alcibiades hearing the sentence of his condemnation to death pronounced sayd It is that leaue the Athenians condemned to dye and not they mee for I goe to seeke the Gods where I shall be immortal but they shal remaine still amongst men who are all subiect to death Polycarpus dying sayd to the proconsull VVhy lingerest thou vse eyther beasts or fire to destroy me Loncerus Ignatius being condemned sayd boldly I am the wheate of God I shall be grownd with the teeth of beasts that I may be found fine manchet Cyprian sayd a little before his end I am iam gladio feriendus deo gratias I thanke God I shal straightway be smitten with the sword S. Lawrance tormented vpon a fiery Gridiron said to the Emperour Looke ô wretch thou hast roasted one side turne the other Eusebius Gordius as hee was led to the place of punishment was exhorted by some to leaue 〈◊〉 opinion and to saue his life to whom he aunâ—swered that
the tongue ought to vtter nothinâ— that is iniurious to the Creator thereof P. Diacorius Socrates had alvvayes one and the same countenance all his life time hee was neuer sadder nor pleasanter for any thing that happened vnto him Plato P. Rutilius being vniustly banished neuer changed his behauiour neyther would put on any other Gowne then that he vsed to weare although it was the custome of such as were banished to alter the same Q. Metellus sirnamed Numidicus for conquering Numidia being banished went into Asia where he frequented playes and receauing letters froÌ„ the Senate to call him home againe the newes hee bare with as great modesty as his exile with constancy not departing from the Theater before the sports were ended One casting Diogenes in the teeth with his banishment from Pontus by the Synopians answered I haue bounded them with the Country of Pontus Aristides wheÌ„ Dionisius desired his daughter in marriage hee aunswered that hee had rather see her deade then the wife of a Tyrant And hauing slaine her he was againe asked if he continued in that mind I am quoth he sorry for the fact but glad that I haue so spoken Cato notwithstanding the affliction of hys Country in him was neuer seene any alteration but had alvvayes one cheere and one countenaunce as well beeing repulsed as when he was Pretor Plutarch It is recorded of Saint Anthony and Saint Hillary that they suffered wonderful temptations in the desert yet did not forbeare euen there to doe great seruice to theyr Creator Aulus Vitellius a most victorious Emperour of all others vvas so inconstant that he would say and vnsay with one breath and vvas as vvauering in all his actions as a vvethercocke Sextus Pompeius for his vvonderful mutabilitie vvas much defamed The Common-wealth of the Sicyonians endured longer then that of the Greekes Egyptians Lacedemonians or the Romains and the reason thereof vvas because that in seauen hundred and forty yeeres they neuer made any new lawes or brake their old Lact. The Egyptians rather choose to dye theâ— to reueale any secrets though they be neuer so much racked and tormented Macrob. Aesope the bondman of Demosthenes waâ— often vrged by torture to confesse his Maisters dealing with Iulian but could neuer be brought to acknovvledge any thing vntill at the length Demosthenes himselfe disclosed it Fulgosius Anasillus Captaine of the Athenians vvas taken of the Lacedemonians and put to the torture because hee shoulde tell vvhat hee knew and vvhat the King Agesilaus his master did intend to vvhom hee aunswered You Lacedemonians haue liberty to dismember mee but I haue none to reueale my Lordes secrets Plutarch Octauius Consull of Rome vvhen Marius was banished at his repeale was vvarned by the Augurs to take heede of him and Cinna but he constantly determining not to leaue the citty while he was Consull went to them in his roabes with the Roddes and the Axes carried before him and his friendes bringing him a horse to flee he refused so to doe but abode the stroake of Censorinus who carried his head to Cinna Appian Labienus who in Syllas tyme had kylled many that were proscribed thinking that himselfe might well be reproued if he should not suffer death resolutely went home to his house sate downe in his chayre and tarried the comming of those whom Anthonie sent to take away his lyfe Appian Of Friendship The Romaines perceiuing the necessitie of Friendship shadowed the same in the shape of a young man whose heade vvas bared and vpon his breast was written Sommer and VVinter who hauing his breast open putting his finger to his hart had therein sette Farre and neere on the skirts of his coate were drawn Life and death ARtorius a Romane at the siege of Ierusalem beeing in a place that was sette on fire looking from the top of the house sawe one of his friends by Titus to whom he said Friend Lucius get on thy armour and come neere that I may leap downe vpon thee and thou maist receiue me Lucius stood for his friende who light vpon him with such force that they both died which friendship Titus caused to be noted to after ages Vrbanus Alcibiades beeing desirous to know vvhether he had so many friendes as hee thought hee called them all one after another into a darke place shewed vnto them the image of a dead body saying that it was a man whoÌ„ he had killed and requesting them to helpe him to carry the same away amongst them all hee found none but Callias that vvoulde harken vnto him Cyrus alvvayes placed his friendes on hys left side as neere his hart Xenophon The friendship of Ionathan and Dauid could not bee hindered by the vvrath of the Father of the one nor any ioâ—e changed although he knew that his friend should afterward raigne ouer him notwithstanding hee were by inheritance to succeede next his father in the kingdome There was but one Orestes and yet Pylades called himselfe Orestes and was condemned to die vnder that name onelie to saue the life of his companyon Dion of Syracusa vvas slaine of Callicrates vvhom he alvvayes highly fauoured supposed to be the most assuredst friend hee had lyuing in the world Volumnius hearing of the death of his friende Lucullus came to Anthony desiring him to send his souldiours to kill him vpon the graue of his friend and bury him vvhich hee denying Volumnius vvent to his graue and there killed himselfe leauing a briefe by him vvherein was vvritten Thou that knewest the faithfull loue betweene Volumnus and Lucullus ioyne our bodyes beeing dead as our mindes were one being aliue Asmundus so deerely loued his friende Asotus that after hee vvas dead hee vvould needes be buried vvith him aliue Saxo. The Oracle of Apollo pronounced the amitie betweene Chariton and Menalippus to be heauenly diuine and celestiall Blossius humbly desired pardon of Lelius because hee tooke part with Gracchus hauing no greater reason to excuse himselfe but his great loue toward him which he confessed to be such that hee thought himselfe bound in friendshyp to doe whatsoeuer hee would haue him yea if it were to burne the Capitoll Cicero Lucilius when he sawe that his friend Brutus was compassed about with enemies hee with a few souldiers ran among theÌ„ and sayd that hee was Brutus that his friende might scape away Plut. Polytius gaue Scipio counsell that hee should neuer depart froÌ„ the publique place of authority before hee had got some nevve friende and wel-willer Phocion when a friend of his vvould haue cast himselfe away woulde not suffer hym saying I was made thy friend to this purpose Cicero writ to Atticus that a friende vvas bounde to wish but three thinges vnto his friend that he be healthy that hee be well accounted of and that he be not needy Archidamus vvhen he vvas chosen Arbitrator to decide a certaine contention betweene two friends brought them both into Dianas Temple and made them sweare vppon the Altar
in singing to auoyde tediousnes and to driue avvay the time August This Athanasius forbadde to auoyde vanities S. Augustine was indifferent and it repented him because hee had sometimes fallen by giuing more attentiue heed vnto the measures and chordes of musicke then the words which were vnder them spoken for that measure singing were brought in for words sake and not words for musick In the East parts the holy assemblies euen from the beginning vsed singing P. Mart. Architas inuented a certaine musicall instrument to stay the running wits of chyldren Pausa The Grecians learned to daunce of Castor and Pollux and vsed to dispatch theyr busines dauncing The Sirians before they met their enemies vsed to sing and daunce Plut. The Romaine Priests called Salij vsed to daunce in honour of Mars Diodorus a cunning Musition beeing sent for by the harlot Lamia refused to goe yet Demetrius hauing his Armor on the badge of a vvarriour and his Diademe the cognizaunce of a King was not ashamed to goe to her house Aelianus The Phylosophers called Peripateticks condemned musick in vvemen saying that betweene it and chastitie there could be smal agreement Niphus Euripides is commended for reprehending such as vse the Harpe at feasts for sayth hee Musicke ought rather to bee sent for vvhen men are angry or mourne then vvhen they are feasting and making merry thereby to make thē giue more liberty to pleasure then before A Musition by the onely vertue of the Dorian tune preserued the chastitie of Clytemnestra the vvife of Agamemnon from the assaults of Aegisthus who to bee reuenged slew the Musition Dionysius commaunded that all his seruants should daunce in purple roabes which Plato would not doe saying I will not put on a womans garments But Aristippus did and when he began to daunce sayde In dronken feates the sober offend not Laert. Diogenes reprooued Musitions because they tooke great care that their instruments shoulde agree and neglected theyr manners Neanthus handled the Harpe of Orpheus whereon expecting the trees to daunce hee did by his confused iangling thereon cause the dogs to barke at him Epaminondas to auoyde the shame of ignorance in musicke learned to play vppon diuers instruments Cicero Nero the same night which vvas the last of his lyfe among the complaints which instant death feare and sorrowe did minister thys onely thing he most bewailed that so famous a Musition as himselfe should perrish from the world Tacitus A boy in Athence taking into his hand the instrument of an excellent Musition vvho was hired to teach him and putting it to his mouth and straining his breath vvhereby his cheekes began to swell perceiuing thereby the deformitie of his countenaunce presentlie brake the pype and disdainefully flung it away Petrarch Socrates vvhen he vvas old gaue his mind to musicke and dauncing Appian Scipio ordinarily vsed to mooue his tryumphant and martiall body after the tyme and measure of musicall instruments not vvantonly mincing with his feete but after a manly sort vvhich hee sayde shoulde no vvaies disparage him if his enemies did behold him Bacchus instructed the people of East India to honour the heauens and the seauen Planets by diuers kindes of daunces Diodorus Ganimede Hebe the nine Muses greatlie pleased Iupiter with theyr dauncing Orpheus King Dauid to shewe his cheerefull hart for the returne of the Arke of God daunced before it The dauncing of Herods daughter vvas the cause of Iohn Baptists death Progne in a daunce did finde opportunitie to murder her sonne Itis Ouid. The Ethiopians vsed songs of diuers tunes and dauncing before they went to battaile Pausanias Timotheus the noble Musition demaunded alway a greater reward of them vvhom other taught then of them that neuer learned any thing before Quintil. Gelo a Tyrant of Sicilie when by horrible oppression of his people he had brought him selfe into a generall hatred prohibited that no man or woman shoulde speake to each other for feare of conspiracies but in stedde of vvords they should vse in theyr necessarie affaires countenaunces tokens and moouings with their feete hands and eyes which for necessitie first vsed at the last grewe to a perfect and delectable dauncing but he was slaine of them for his cruelty Homer among the great benefits that god giueth to man reciteth dauncing One daunced before Demetrius the Tyrant and in his gestures and motions showed the aduoutry of Mars and Venus and their discouery by Phoebus vvith Vulcans intrapping them vvhere-with contrary to his sullen disposition he forced him to laugh and cry out saying O man I doe not onely see but also heare what thou doost and it seemeth to mee that thou speakest with thy hands The same daunced before Nero in the presence of a strange King which vnderstoode no other language but his own country who by his daūcing made the king to vnderstand vvhat was sayde and at his departure Nero bid him aske what he would and hee should haue it Sir said he lend mee this young man that by his motions I may vnderstand the language of my confines and neighbors The maiestie of Princes in olde time vvas shewed in the daunce named Eumelia belonged to Tragedies dissolute countenaunces in that which was called Cordax and pertained to Comedies wherin men of base behauiour onely daunced The forme of fighting in Armor was expressed in a daunce called Enophe Hormus was a kinde of Daunce vvherein daunced both men and maydes the man expressing in his motion and countenaunce strength and courage apt for the warres the mayde modestie and shamefastnesse which represented a pleasant coniunction of fortitude and temperance Lampridius Augustus in the presence of many men plaied on an instrument A poore man standing by with other and beholding the Emperour sayde with a loude voyce to his fellow Scest thou not howe this voluptuous Leachor tempereth all the world with his little finger VVhich words hee wisely noted and during his life hee euer after refrained hys hands from any such lightnes in open assemblies Alexander when hee had vanquished Ilion where Troy stoode being demaunded if he woulde see the Harpe of Paris who rauished Helen gently smiling hee aunswered I had rather see the harpe of Achilles wherevnto hee did sing not the illecebrous sports of loue but the valiant acts of noble Princes Lisander softned the walls of Athence and burned their ships by sound of Flutes S. Augustine rather liked the maid or wife that soweth vpon the Saboth day then hee that daunced August The Archbishop of Magdeburgh brake his necke in dauncing Mar. Hist. The Tyrrhenes first founde the Trumpet which they afterward vsed in battell to feare theyr enemies and encourage their friends likewise at solemne feastes that they might thereby assemble the people together and to proclaime the comming of the Iubilie in the beginning of the newe Moone crying ioy and rest to all men Isodore Buccina was a kinde of Trumpet made of horne of woode or brasse which the vvild Panims vsed to
sometimes leading him sometimes bearing him he brought him safe to Sicelie so did Aeneas for Anchises his father Idem Metellus the father and the sonne the one Captaine vnder Anthony the other vnder Caesar the Father being prisoner and beeing condemned his sonne sayde to Caesar Thys hath beene thy enemy ô Caesar and I thy friend him thou must punish and me rewarde I desire thee to saue my father for mee or let mee die for him at whose request he was saued Idem Crates Thebanus deliuered a stock of mony to his friends vpon this condition that if it shoulde happen his children to bee fooles they should therewith be maintained but if they became learned and phylosophers then to distribute it to the poore Dem. Mag. Periander one of the 7. Sages of Greece and a Tyrant sent for his sonne Licophorna that with his owne hands hee might kill him because he mourned for the death of his mother which when the Cittizens of Corcyra knew they put him to death themselues to deliuer him from his Fathers tiranny Vale. Maximus Priamus had by Hecuba fifty Sonnes and Daughters Orodes king of Parthians thirtie Artaxerxes a hundred and fifteene Erothinus King of the Arabians seauen hundred in confidence of whom he inuaded the confines of his enemies and with seuerall inroads he wasted the Lands of Egypt and Syria Petrarch Petrarch writeth of a married woman that had twelue seuerall children by twelue seuerall men one of them a yeere elder then the other who ready to die tolde her husband of them all he was Father but to the eldest and reckoning vp the Fathers of the other the youngest cryed to her good mother giue me a good Father to whom she sayde that a very rich man was his father wherevpon the childe was glad saying If hee be rich I haue a good father Astapus Amphorinus bare such loue to their parents that their Citty beeing burned they tooke them vpon their shoulders and carried them through the midst of the fire A woman of Athence her father called Cymon being in pryson where he was like to be famished craued so much leaue of the Keeper that shee might haue accesse to her Father whō with her milke shee preserued long time from death Harpalice her father being takē prisoner by the Getes redeemed him with more celerity then can be thought in a woman Seruius It is written that three bretheren striuing vvho should enioy their fathers land vvere content to be agreed by the King swearing that they vvould stand to that which hee determined the King commaunded the dead body of the Father to bee taken vp saying that hee vvhich shot neerest the hart should be the right successor the eldest shotte him in the throate the second in the breast neere the hart but the third abhorring this damned resolution sayd I had rather yeeld all to my brothers then bee so degenerate To whom for his vertue and reuerence to his father the King adiudged the land Israell many yeeres lamented the losse of one of his sonnes for whom when hee vvas 120. yeeres old he vvent downe with al his family into Egypt Dauid greatly lamented the death of his rebellious sonne Absalon Orodes King of Persia hearing that his son Pacorus was slaine in the wars against Ventidius vvith extreame greefe therof became mad Rauisius Auctolia the daughter of Sinon and wife of Laertes vnderstanding a false report of Vlisses death her sonne at Troy dyed for sorrow Idem Anius King of Thuscans had a Daughter called Salia whom when Oritheus had stoln away threvve himselfe violently into a Riuer called afterward by his own name Plutarch Lucius Gellius when in a maner he knew that his sonne had beastly abused himselfe with his stepmother and attempted to bereaue him of life became himselfe this wretches defender and before the Senate acquited him both of fault and punishment Val. Maximus Dioschorus put to death his vertuous and religious Daughter Barbara for imbracing the Christian fayth Ptolomeus Euergetes beeing expulsed his kingdome for his crueltie killed his sonne in Cyprus whom hee had by his sister Cleopatra sent her his head feete for a token Liuius Apteras Saturnus caused his owne Father to be gelded killed his owne sonnes held continuall vvarres against his bretheren Berosus Deiotarus hauing many sonnes murthethered all saue one that he which suruiued al the rest might be mightier and of greater power Gellius Hippomenes an Athenian Prince for that his daughter Lima was founde in adulterie caused her to be close shutte vp with a horse giuing her no releefe but the horse almost famished deuoured his daughter Laertius Oppianicus contrary to the common nature of Parents was content for money to forsake his children Cicero Domitius detested his sonne Nero for no other cause but that hee had begotten him vpon Agrippina Suetonius Medea beeing forsaken of Iason murdered her owne sonnes Ouid. Herod commaunded his onely child to be killed among the general massacre of the innocents in Iurie vvhich vvhen Augustus heard he sayd That he had rather bee Herods hog then his child Iosephus Prusius King of Bithinia was murthered of his owne sonne when he had committed the rule vnto him P. Malleolus for killing of his mother was the first amongst the Romans that vvas sowed in a sacke and cast into the sea Liuius Cham the youngest sonne of Noah his Father being drunke lying naked called his brethren to that vnnatural sight who going backwards couered theyr fathers secrets for the which they were blessed the posterity of Cham accursed Gene. 6. Absalon rising against his father Dauid expelled him his kingdome afterward assayled by Ioab fled and was hanged by his haire vpon an Oake Helie the Prophet winking at the faultes of his children though forewarned of Samuel died a violent death and his sonnes both in one howre were slaine in battaile by the Philistines as a iust reuenge for their former disobedience Regum 11. Adramelach and Sarazar murdered theyr Father Senacharib for which they were driuen out of theyr kingdome and ended theyr dayes in exile 4. Reg. Irene pulled out her sonne Constantines eyes because hee began to beare himselfe ouer proudly in the Empire Eristhenes was famished of his mother because he fought in battaile with no courage Rauisius Damatria when shee heard that her sonne had not behaued himselfe in battaile as the sonne of so woorthy a mother shoulde haue doone at his returne killed him Orchanus caused his daughter to be buried aliue because Apollo had rauished her Ouid. Tigranes killed one of his sons because he would not take him vp when hee had a fall at hunting for that hee set the crowne vpon his head Appian Machates the sonne of Mithridates for feare of his father killed himselfe Mithridates killed his sonne Siphares to be reuenged of the mother Gripus who was king after Seleucus made his mother drinke the poyson vvhich shee had prepared for him Medullina whose body was
priuy to the greatnes of his courage Ariston being in loue with Agetus wyfe found this fraud to get her frō her husband hee promised Agetus to giue him any one thing that he would choose of all that euer he had praying him to doe the like for him againe Ariston agreed and swore it Ariston discharged his promise out of hand forthwith demaunded Agetus wife who because of his oath deliuered her He that bare the office of the chiefe Iudge in Aegipt did weare an Image of truth hanging at his breast which picture was had in singuler estimation of the Druides One when truce was taken with the enemy for 30. daies ouercame his land in the night because the truce was taken for dayes and not nights Cicero Q. Fab. Labeo being by the Romaine Senate appoynted dayes-man betweene the Nolanes Neapolitanes about the bownds of theyr land did commune with eyther of them a part and being come to the place perswaded them rather to set backe then to encroach vpon an other which when eyther of thē had don there was a parcell of ground left in the midst then he caused their bownds to be staked out and the middle part he adiudged to the people of Rome Idem lib. offic Anniball amongst the Carthagenians and Q. Maximus of the Romaines had meruailous cunning in cloaking keeping dissembling making stales and in preuenting the deuises of the enemy Cicero Amongst the Greekes Themistocles the Athenian and Iason the Phaereian excelled in this kind Cicero A Syrian slaue in Sicily after a mad sort raging with a desire to make a rebellion pretended a religion of dooing honour to the Goddesse of Syria and called bond-men to liberty and armes and that he might seeme to doe that by the will of God he held a nut in his mouth stuffed with Surphure and fire the which when he he spake did cast foorth flames P. Diaconus Twēty thousand of the Celtaebrians broght braunches of Olyue like petitioners asking pardon which comming nigh the Romains gaue a violent onset on thē Gracchus went from the campe of purpose and made as though he fled and whilst they were about the spoile hee returned and killed many of them recouering Complega Appian Vlisses was not so wily but he was matched by Palmedes and his dissembled madnes discouered Caesar when he could not condemne one for any sufficient probable crime he made him away by some secret meanes and some were dispatched in his armies by treachery attempts wrought against them by those of theyr owne side this deceite was cruell Diodorus The Achaians a people of Greece did altogether condemne pollicies stratagems in warre accounting of them as of subtilties because they thought that no victory was either of any renowne or certainty except they had in open fight ouercome their enemies by an assigned battaile Polybius Marius a rich Cittizen of Rome who by Augustus got all his wealth alwayes sayde that he would make him his onely heyre which hee vowed to the Emperour the day before he dyed after whose death was found that in all his wil he had not made once mention of Augustus Of Slaunder A wise man keepeth close his eares when hee doubteth of the vertue and honesty of the person accused making Reason their diligent Porter and watch which examineth and letteth in the reports that be good and excludeth those that arise from slaunder and detraction whose Image was excellently described in figures by Apelles EVstace Bishop of Antioche a religious and deuout man seeking to suppresse the heresie of the Arrians was by their false accusation and slaunders depriued from his Sea Eusebius Aristophanes slaundered Socrates a man so much beloued of the Gods in a Comedy called Nebulae the clouds Leontius after hee had put Iustinian to flight caused two of his tale-bearers to be trailed by the feete burned Darius made the accusers of Daniell to be deuoured of Lyons Aristobulus through a false report put to death his owne brother and afterwards dyed for griefe Plato banished accusers slanderers tale-bearers out of his common-wealth Scipio Africanus being accused of many things by the Tribunes of the people aunswered nothing to the crymes layd agaynst him but only said thus In such a day as this is sirs I ouer-came both Carthage and Haniball which the Senators and people hearieg were so far from condemning him that they caused him in a maner to triumph againe Emilius Scaurus being accused by Varius made this aunswere O yee Romaines Varius affirmeth this crime layd against me to be true and Scaurus denieth whom will yee rather beleeue Medius Captaine of all the flatterers that followed Alexander taught them that they should not spare to nip boldly and to byte with store of slaunders for quoth hee although hee that is bitten should be cured of the wound yet the scarre at the least will still remaine By false accusations and slaunders Calisthenes Parmenio and Philotas were vniustly put to death by Alexander Phillip was told that the Grecians spake ill of him behind his backe notwithstanding he did them much good therfore was counsailed to chastice them VVhat would they doe then sayd hee if we should doe them any harme but they make mee a better man for I striue daily both in my words and deeds to proue them lyers He was likewise counsailed to banish one who had slaundered him or put to death but he would doe none of both saying It was not sufficient cause to condemne him and it was better not to let him stirre out of Macedonia where all men knew that he lyed but going among strangers not knowing him they would admit his slaunder for truth Nicholas Scot was beheaded for rayling vppon Maximilian Sforza Duke of Millane Augustus pardoned Cinna that wold haue murdered him and made him Consull but Timagenes for that he railed vpon him hee drane him out of his house deeming that of an enemy he might make a friend but of a rayler a back-biter and slaunderer a man can make nothing else The Frenchmē called back-biters Mouches flies The Romaines called thē Delatores tale-bearers the Greekes Acoustes harkners or spyes Dionysius held tale-bearers in great estimation but at the alteration of the state the Syracusans put them all to the sword Anthony put those tale-bearers to death vvhich could not prooue theyr accusation Critias reproued Archilochus because hee spake not well of him selfe Eschines finding fault with certaine of Demosthenes words and phrases he aunswered Non in eo sitae sunt opes graeciae The summe and substance of the matter dooth not consist in that The Romaines had a law called Lex papia which gaue halfe the goods of the accused to the accuser but Nero brought it to a fourth part and they were euer after called Quarterers because they had a quarter of the goods that were so escheared Aesopus the Phrygian that writ the fables when he came to Delphos was wrongfully accused of enuious persons for stealing a
the name of pouerty was honoured at Rome vvhich was by the space of 400. yeares after the foundation thereof Pleasure could neuer set foote as there but â—fter that Pouerty began to be contemned â—ertue immediatly tooke her flight from â—hence which was their vtter ouerthrow Valerius Publicola hauing foure times â—eene Consull of Rome the onely man for gouernment in war and peace his pouerty is â—ecorded not to his shame but to his praise Liuius Poore Aristides had not the least honour â—n the seruice at Salamis and at Plateus was â—he chiefe leader of all the Athenian forces â—hoÌ„ Vertue did put forward Pouerty could not hold back nor dismay Herodotus Fabritius being in pouerty was sent in Emâ—assage amongst other Romaines to Pyrrhus of whom Pyrrhus tooke such lyking â—hat to winne him to be his he proffered him â—he fourth part of his kingdome Eutropius Ephialtes beeing cast in the teeth with his pouerty sayde VVhy doost not thou make â—ehearsall of the other thing namely that I loue â—aw and regard right Aelian One of Catoes sonnes of 15. yeares age was banished for breaking of an earthen pot in a maydes hand that went for water so waâ— Cinnaes sonne because hee entered a Garden and gathered fruite without leaue The Ostracisme amongst the Athenians was a banishment for a time whereby the brought dovvne them that seemed to exceede in greatnes This was inuented by Clisthenes A rude rusticke fellow happened to meet Aristides bearing a scroale of paper in hyâ— hand and desired him to wryte the name oâ— Aristides therein who meruailing thereat asked whether any man had been by him iniured No quoth he but I cannot in any wisâ— endure the sirname of Iustus Plutarch At such time as the Ephesi banished theyâ— Prince Hermodonus they pronounced thiâ— sentence Let none of vs excell another but iâ— any so doe let him no longer heere dwell but inhabite else where Cicero Celliodorus the Phylosopher was banished in the prosperity and fury of the Marians not for the euils they found in him buâ— for the vices he reproued in them Vulturnus a man in Astrology profoundly learned was banished by M. Antonius because Cleopatra hated him Bestius and Colla Gentlemen of Rome when they had boldly declared theyr seruice for the common-wealth and reprehended the Senatours before they would be cast out by decree voluntarily exiled themselues Appian Sittius was the first and onely man that as a stranger was an outlaw in his owne Country Idem Of Death Death is faigned of the Poets to be the sister of Sleepe both borne of their mother Night a Goddesse impartiall and inexorable as sparing none and the Aegiptians by an Owle sitting vpon a tree signifie death This all-killing power triumphans cedit and by death is ouercome EPaminondas ready to giue vp the ghost willed the poysoned shaft to bee pulled from his deadly wound wheÌ„ it was giuen him to vnderstand that his shield was found safe and his enemies put to flight he cheerefully departed out of this world Cicero Gorgias Leontinus being very sick a frend of his demanded of him how he felt himselfe in body he answered Now Sleepe beginneth to deliuer me to the power of his brother Death Asdrubals wife the last Lady of Carthage had the lyke end in death as the first Lady Dido had for she threw her selfe and her two sonnes into the fire Herod because hee would make the Iewes sorry for his death whether they would or no dying commanded to sley all the Noble mens children of Iury. Iosephus Vespasian ready to dye stoode vp sayd It becommeth an Emperour to passe out of this world standing Calanus an Indian Gymnosophist when he had taken his long leaue of Alexander piled vp a bonfire in the suburbs of Babilon of dry wood of Cedar Rosemary Cypres Mirtle Laurell then he mounted the pile the Sunne shining in his face whose glorious beames he worshipped then he gaue a token to the Lacedemonians to kindle the fire stoutly and valiantly dyed Cercidas an Arcadian ready to dye said to his companions I am not loath to depart this life for I hope to see and talke with Pythagoras among the Phylosophers with Liuius among the Historiographers with Orpheus among the Musitians and with Homer among the Poets which words as soone as he had vttered hee gaue vp the ghost Plato dying thanked nature for three cauâ—es the first that he was borne a man not beast the second that hee was borne in Greece and not in Barbary the third that â—ee was borne in Socrates time who taught â—im to die well Antemon was so desirous to liue and so â—earefull to dye that scarse he would trauaile â—broade and compelled to goe two of his â—eruants bore ouer his head a great brazen Target to defend him from any thing which might happen to hurt him Massinissa King of Numidia rather committed his estate and life vnto dogs then vnto men as his gard to keepe and defend him from death Hector sayd to Andromache Be not sorry for my death for all men must die Homer Polydamas entering into a Caue to defend himselfe from the rayne through the violence of the water the Caue fell downe vpon him Cicero Anacreons breath was stopped with a grape kernell that stucke in his throate Plinie Euripides returning home from King Archelaus his supper was torne in peeces of dogs Gellius Aeschilus sitting in a sunny place in Sicily an Eagle flying ouer taking his white bald head for a stone strooke the shell of a Tortoyse which was in his bill against his head and dashed out his braine Valerius Pyndarus laying his head downe to sleep in the bosome of a boy whom he loued neueâ— awaked Suidas Ennius would not haue his death lamented because he was famous in his works yet Solon would haue his death bewailed writ to put his friends in minde Let my departure wayed be let my friends draw sighs for me Trophonius and Agamedes hauing built a sumptuous temple to Apollo of Delphos begged the most profitable thing that might bee giuen to man after the third day they were found dead Cicero Velcurio the learned Phylosopher lying vpon his death-bed when his friends came to comfort him sayde The Father is my Creatour the Sonne my Redeemer the holy Ghost my Comforter how can I then be sorrowfull or dismayde The day before that Caesar went to the Senate hee had beene at a banquet with Lepidus talking meerely vvhat death was best for a man some saying one and some another he of al praised the sodaine death which happened to him Appian The Scots in theyr owne Chronicles haue recorded that of one hundred fiue Kings â—here dyed not aboue 50. of naturall deaths Gasper Peucerus Of Vsurie Vsury of some called Interest but without reason why sith money let to interest returneth but with his proper summe the daughter of Couetousnes and Ambition may well be called a continuall sire which euer encreaseth through
sunder to be filed and scraped to be shauen and carued and made handles for swordes and daggers I meruaile hee forgotte to make dice of them Euilmerodat or Balthazar the son of Nâ—â—buchadnezer gaue his fathers dead body 〈◊〉 bee deuoured of Vultures fearing that hâ— would reuiue againe who of an Oxe couâ—â— become a man Tiberius Nero put one to death that â— craftily tempered glasse that it would bend and bough with Iron beeing himselfe one â— his Crafts-mayster saying That gold and siâ—â—uer if such were permitted would be of no estâ—â—mation Dionysius caused Damocles to sitte in 〈◊〉 chaire of estate abounding with all kinde 〈◊〉 delicacies but ouer his head did hang a nâ—â—ked sword thereby to shew the estate where in tyrants stood Plut. Galba assembling together the people 〈◊〉 three Townes in Spaine vnder colour 〈◊〉 treat of somthing for their wealth caused soâ—dainly to be murdered 7000. among whoâ— was the flower of all the youth Valerius Octauius when hee tooke Perowse chooâ—sing out three hundred of those that haâ— yeelded as well of the better sort as of thâ— vulgar slew them in manner of sacrifices before an alter newly erected Diuo Iulio Suâ—tonius Antonius Caracalla offended with them of Alexandria entering the Citty in a peaceable maner and calling out all their youth into a faire field enclosed them with his Souldiers and at a signe giuen killed them euery one vsing the like cruelty against all the rest and cleane depopulated the Citty Herodianus Volesius Messala being Proconsull of Asia slew with the sword in one day 300. and then walking proudly among the courses with his hands cast abroade as though hee had atchiued a worthy enterprize cryed out O kingly deede Seneca Theodosius the Prince a man consecrated to the true God fradulently calling together at Thessalonica 7000. innocent persons as it were to see plays sent in Souldiers amongst them who slew them Eutropius Of Couetousnes The better hap a man hath to attaine to riches the more is he accursed in being more tormented with the feauers of the mind and vnquietnes This vice is held to be the roote of all euill lacking as well those things which it enioyeth as which it wanteth THE Scithians only make no vse of gold and siluer for euer detesting and condemning the monstrous sinne of couetousnes Solinus Caligula was so couetous that there was no kind of lucre or meane to get money by howe vnlawfull so euer it were which hee sought not out insomuch as he layde a trybute vpon vrine and sold his sisters gownes whom he had sent into banishment Valerius Calipha King of Persia hauing filled a Tower with gold Iewels and precious stones and being in warre against Allan king of Tartary was so ill succoured of his owne people because hee would not giue them theyr pay that hee was taken of Allan and famished in that Tower where all his treasure lay Dionysius the elder and aduertised of one that had hid great store of money commaunded him vpon paine of death to bring it to him which he did although not all but with the remainder dwelt in another place and bestowed it vppon inheritance when Dionysius heard therof he sent him that which he took from him saying Now thou knowest how to vse riches take that I had from thee Hermocrates ready to die bequeathed his goods to himselfe One at the houre of his death swallowed many peeces of gold and sewed the rest in his coate commanding that it should be buried with him Atheneus One besieged in the Tower of Cassilina by Haniball chose rather to sell a Rat which he had taken for 200. Romaine pence then to satisfie his hunger whereof he dyed straight after but the other saued his life by that dere meate Valerius The Popes Camera or Eschequer is lyke vnto the Sea whereinto all Riuers doe run and yet it ouerfloweth not P. Martyr The wife of Lot looking backward turned into a pillar of salt sheweth that none in the way of deliberation should desire things past Augustinus The old Clergy being asked why they cannot liue by theyr holines but by couetousnes aunswered Nunc aliud tempus alij pro tempore mores Polychr Demonica betrayed Ephesus to Brennus of Senona for gold who demaunded her reward of him vvho brought her to a great heape of gold and loaded her so heauy therwith that she died vnder the burden Euclio had hidden such treasure vnder the ground that he durst not go out of his house for feare of robbing nor tarry in it for feare of killing Plautus Adrian sirnamed Sophista when a neighbour of his had sent him a few dainty fishes for a present in a siluer dish hee tooke both the siluer dish and the fishes saying to the messenger Thanke thy maister and tell him I take his fishes for nouelties and his siluer dish for a present Simonides wheÌ„ he was requested to do any thing gratis id est for nothing sayd That he had two chests the one shut vp for thanks the other alwayes open for money Plut. Vespasian when hee heard that a siluer Image of great substance should be made for a monument of his worthines he straight held out his hand saying Behold heere is a place ready to set an Image a sure foundation from falling Vespasian of pure misery niggardship and couetousnes commaunded in Rome to be made publique places to receaue vrine not to keepe the Citty more sweete but to the ende they should giue him more rent Suetonius Simonides beeing demaunded vvhy hee hoorded vp money towards the ende of his old age Because quoth he I had rather leaue my goods to mine enemies then to haue neede of the releefe of my friends while I am aliue Virgill in his sixth booke of Aeneiads putteth those persons in hell which haue done no good to their friends kindsfolk neighbours but haue been wholly wedded to their riches without imparting them to others Virgill Ochus King of Persia would neuer goe into the Country of Perseland because that by the law of the Realme hee was bound to giue to euery vvoman that had borne children one French crowne and to euery woman with child two Plato thought it almost impossible for a man very rich to be honest yet Solon as wise as hee desired to haue riches but not to get them by wrong Plut. Anacreon hauing receaued of Polycrates fiue talents for a gift vvas so much troubled for the space of two nights with care how hee might keepe them and how to imploy them best that he carried them backe againe saying That they were not woorth the paines he had already taken for them Socrates being sent for by K. Archelaus to come receaue store of gold sent him word that a measure of flower was sold in Athencâ— for a penny double and that water cost him nothing Lycurgus abrogated the vse of gold siluer coyne and appoynted Iron money to be currant by this meanes hee banished from them the desire
flying foules Mulcasses king of Thunis after he was deâ—riued of his kingdome in his returne out of Almaigne being without hope that the Emperour Charles the fift vvould helpe him at â—ll hee spent one hundred crownes vpon a Peacock dressed for him P. Iouius Maximilian the Emperour deuoured in one day forty pounds of flesh and drunke an â—ogshead of vvine Geta the Emperour for three dayes together continued his feastiual and his delicates vvere brought in by the order of the Alphabet Astydamas beeing inuited by Ariobarzaâ—es to a banquet eate vp al that alone which vvas prouided for diuers guests Vopisc There vvas a contention betweene Hercules and Lepreas vvhich of them both should first deuoure an Oxe in which attempt Lepreas vvas ouer-come afterwards hee chalenged him for drinking but Hercules vvas his maister Aelianus Aglais vvhose practise was to sounde the trumpet deuoured at euery meale tvvelue poundes of flesh with as much bread as tvvo bushels of wheate vvould make and three gallons of vvine Philoxenes a notorious glutton vvished he had a necke like a Crane that the svveetâ— meate vvhich he eate might bee long in going downe Rauisius Lucullus at a solemne and costly feast he made to certaine Embassadors of Asia aâ—mong other things he did eate a Griph boiâ—led and a Goose in paste Macrob. Salust in his inuectiue against Cicero aâ—mongst many graue matters vvhereof he accused him he spake of his wanton excesse as hauing poudred meats from Sardinia anâ— wines from Spayne Lucullus tooke great paynes himselfe iâ— furnishing of a feast and when he was askeâ— vvhy he was so curious in setting out a banâ—quet hee aunswered That there was as greaâ— discretion to be vsed in marshalling of a feast 〈◊〉 in the ordering of a battaile that the one mighâ— be terrible to his enemies and the other acceptable to his friends Plut. In Rhodes they that loue fish are accounted right curteous and free-harted men buâ— he that delighteth more in flesh is ill though of and to his great shame is reputed a bond slaue to his belly Aelianus Sergius Galba was a deuouring and glutâ—tonous Emperour for he caused at one banquet 7. thousand byrds to be killed Suet. Xerxes hauing tasted of the figges of Aâ—hence sware by his Gods that hee vvoulde â—ate no other all his life after and went forthâ—vith to prepare an Army to conquer Greâ—ia for no other cause but to fill his belly full of the figges of that Country Plut. Plato returning out of Sicill into Greece told his schollers that he had seen a monster meaning Dionisius because hee vsed to eate â—wice a day Idem Aristotle mocking the Epicures sayd that â—pon a time they vvent all into a temple together beseeching the Gods that they wold gyue them necks as long as Cranes and Heâ—ons that the pleasures and tastes of meates might be more long complayning against Nature for making their necks too short The Sicilians dedicated a Temple to Glutâ—ony and erected images to Bacchus Ceâ—es the God and goddesse of vvine corne Pausanias M. Manlius in times past made a booke of diuers vvayes hovv to dresse meate and another of the tastes sauces and diuers meanes of seruices vvhich were no sooner published but by the decree of the Senate they were burned and if hee had not fled speedily â—nto Asia he had been burned with them There was a lawe in Rome called Fabia bâ— which it was prohibited that no man shoulâ— dispend in the greatest feast hee made abouâ— an hundred Sexterces Aul. Gellius The law Licinia forbad all kindes of sauce at feastes because they prouoke appetite are cause of great expence Idem The lawe Ancia charged the Romaines tâ— learne all kinde of sciences but cookerie The law Iulia vvas that none should bee 〈◊〉 hardie as to shutte theyr gates vvhen theâ— vvere at dinner that the Censors of the Citâ—tie might haue easie accesse into theyr houâ—ses at that time to see if their ordinary werâ— according to their ability Macrob. Nisaeus a tyrant of Syracuse vvhen he vnderstood by his Soothsayers that he had noâ— long to liue the little time hee had left heâ— spent in belly-cheere and drunkennesse anâ— so dyed Rauisius Mar. Anthonius set foorth a booke of hyâ— drunkennesse in which hee prooued thosâ— prancks he played when hee vvas ouercomâ— with vvine to be good and lawfull Plut. Darius had written vpon his graue thys inâ—scription I could drinke good store of wine beare it well Rauisius Ptolomey vvho in mockery vvas calleâ— Philopater because hee put to death his Father and mother through wine and women dyed like a beast Valer. Lacydes a Phylosopher by too much drinking fell into a palsie whereof he dyed Aruntius a Romaine beeing drunken deflowred his own daughter Medullina whom she forthwith killed Plutarch Tiberius Caesar vvas preferred to a Pretorshyp because of his excellencie in drinking Diotimus was sirnamed Funnell or Tunnell because he gulped downe wine through the channell of his throate vvhich was powred into a Funnell the end whereof was put into his mouth vvithout interspiration betweene gulpes Rauisius In the feast of Bacchus a crowne of golde vvas appoynted for him that coulde drinke more then the rest Agron the King of Illyrium fell into a sicknesse of the sides called the Plurisie by reason of his excessiue drinking and at last died thereof Cleio a vvoman was so practised in drinking that shee durst challenge all men and vvomen what soeuer to try maisteries who could drinke most and ouercome all Cleomenes king of Lacedemonia beeing disposed to carouse after the manner of the Scythians dranke so much that hee became and continued euer after sencelesse Cyrillus sonne in his drunkennes wickedly slevv that holy man his father his mother great with child he hurt his two sisters and deflowred one of them August Androcides a Gentleman of Greece hearing of Alexanders excesse in drunkennesse vvrote a letter to him wherein was a Tablet of gold with these words thereon ingrauen Remember Alexander when thou drinkest wine that thou doost drinke the blood of the earth Those of Gallia Transalpina vnderstanding that the Italians had planted Vines in Italy came to conquer theyr Countrey so that if they had neuer planted Vines the French-men had not destroyed the Countrey Liuius Foure old Lombards being at banquet together the one dranke an health rounde to the others yeeres in the end they challenged two to two and after each man had declared how many yeeres old he was the one dranke as many times as he had yeeres and likewise his companion pledged him the one vvas 58. the second 63. the third 87. the last 92. so that a man knoweth not vvhat they did eate or drinke but he that dranke least dranke 58. cups of vvine P. Diaconus Of thys euill custome came the lawe that the Gothes made that is VVee ordaine and commaund vppon paine of death that no olde men vpon payne of death shoulde drinke to one anothers health at the