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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
friend_n	duke_n	king_n	york_n	1,205	5	9.9855	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57506	The history of infamous impostors, or, The lives & actions of several notorious counterfeits who from the most abject and meanest of the people, have usurped the titles of emperours, kings, and princes / written by the Sr. J.B. de Ricoles ... ; and now done into English.; Imposteurs insignes. English	Rocoles, Jean-Baptiste de, 1620-1696.	1683 (1683)	Wing R1766; ESTC R6847	75,558	204

Emperour of Greece Whose Death I have lamented when I was in my Youth When first the unhappy News arrived his Son Henry a Valiant Prince succeeded him in the Empire and his Eldest Daughter Jane in his Earldom of Flanders Their Country holds of me and is a Feudatory of my Crown as the Earl is a Peer of my Kingdom I wish I could alter the Course of Nature and that what has happened had not been that my dear Vncle the Father of my Cousin-German whose Name and Memory is of admirable Veneration in Greece could return to Life But I cannot lightly be perswaded from the belief I have of his death and the report which hath been confirmed through the course of so many Years Most humane things especially Empires subsist by the Testimony of men Tell me then for whom you would be received If for my Vncle shew it us by some authentick proof and because the thing is unexpected it will be so much the more agreeable and give me transports of joy and satisfaction when I am convinced I have wept for my Vncle without cause and for a false Opinion whilst he that I should Reverence like a Father is restor'd to me I am glad that a few short questions will make your self judge and witness in your own Cause which the World must needs know is of the greatest Importance I ask you then If my Father King Philip treated you as his Homager and whether he gave you the Investiture of the Earldom of Flanders In what place at what time in what manner and before what Witnesses did he gird on your Sword and made you a Knight And of what Order was it Who was the Wife you Married in France Who treated the Match In what place and with what Ceremonies did you Marry her for the true Baldwyn cannot be ignorant of these matters I have exactly made a Recital of all the Questions from Paulus Aemilius that admirable Historian It is very strange that he who had so well studied the Genealogies of the Flemish Lords could not tell what Wife he Married which was Margaret Daughter to the Earl of Champagne The Annals of Flanders say it was the Bishop of Beauvais President of the Kings Counsel that askt him all these questions which may be reduced to three 1. In what place he did Homage for his Earldom of Flanders 2. By whom and in what Place he was made a Knight 3. In what Place and on what Day he Married Margaret of Champagne But this Impostor as surprized with all these Questions askt three days to answer them Perhaps one might excuse a Man for not remembring several Circumstances of the principal Actions of his Life Besides such an August Assembly before so Great a King and Magnificent a Court a Subject of such consequence before an Audience no ways favourable with the Apprehension of the Danger might distract him and hinder his answering pertinently Guaguin says That speaking Haughtily to the Points in question without sufficient Proofs of what he pretended to be the King commanded him to go out of his Realm in three days but doing him no hurt because he had given him his safe Conduct This Impostor being thus shamefully Driven away retir'd to Valenciennes in Haynault where being abandon'd by those whose hopes of advantage by this Novelty had made them promise him great assistance he disguis'd himself like a Trades-man intending to have past into Burgundy hoping to find countenance and support there but he was watcht and taken on his way by a Burgundian Gentleman Erard Castenac who sold him to the Countess Jane for four hundred Marks She put him to the torture and forc'd him by his torments to Confess his Imposture He said he was Born in Champagne and his name was Bertrand de Rayns he was led through all the Cities of Flanders and Haynault where after having been shew'd to the People he was publickly hang'd at Lisle in Flanders Famâ ancipiti jurene an injuriâ The greatest part of Europe was in doubt whether the Countess justly put this Impostor to Death The example of Peter Courtney Successor of the true Baldwyn and Henry in right of his Wife Yolante persuaded the possibility of so straight a Prison as might not give him Opportunity to inform his Subjects and Friends what misfortune had befallen him The Catastrophe of this false Baldwyn happen'd in the year of Christ 1225. and of the World 5186. CHAP. VIII Perkin Warbeck OR THE COUNTERFEIT Duke of York Son of Edward the Fourth King of England THis Impostor continued longer than any of the rest and had more Chances and happy Hours The Cruelty of Richard Duke of Glocester Son of Richard Duke of York and Brother of Edward the Fourth King of England gave Henry Earl of Richmond Grand-son of Owen Tudor and Catharine of France a Pretension to Arm against him for the Recovery of the Kingdom of England which Edward the Fourth before Duke of York and Head of the Red-Rose had usurp't from Henry the Sixth Richard Duke of Glocester had also usurp't the Crown from Edward the Fifth a young Prince of Twelve years old Eldest Son and Successor to King Edward the Fourth as likewise from his Brother Richard Duke of York his two Nephews whom he unnaturally and cruelly murthered in the Tower of London in the year 1483. It was the Person of this last Richard Duke of York and only Brother of King Edward the Fifth that this Impostor Peter Warbeck commonly called Perkin Warbeck so artfully imitated for Five or Six Years time from 1494 untill 1499 putting all England into combustion and perplexity on that Subject and giving much trouble to the new Conqueror Henry the Seventh who was before Earl of Richmond Margaret Sister to King Edward the Fourth Widow of Charles the Hardy Duke of Burgundy and Soveraign of the Seventeen Provinces of the Lower Germany produced and instructed this Counterfeit to take the Crown of England if she could have effected what she had often endeavoured from Henry the Seventh Chief of the House of Lancaster or the White-Rose whom she mortally hated This is the Truth of the Story as Polydore Virgil Historiographer to Henry the Eighth relates it in the Twenty-sixth Book of his History of England This Princess a Woman of an Ambitious and Intriguing humour had conceived a great Aversion to Henry the Seventh Exterminator of the Usurper Richard Duke of Glocester The principal cause of her Hatred proceeded from the long Enmity between his Family of Lancaster and her 's of the House of York which made her continually endeavour by all means imaginable his extirpation with the satisfaction of her own Revenge in the removal of the Crown to One of her own Party But finding all her endeavours miscarried and those of John Earl of Lincoln were come to nothing her old Inveterate temper prompted her with new Expedients more difficult for Henry to prevent She met a young man at Tourney who was handsom

of a subtle with and quick Apprehension his name was Peter Warbeck but the English in Derision after called him Perkin He understood English and some other Languages was very little known being of the meanest Birth and in extream Poverty He had Travel'd through divers Countrys like a Beggar and a Vagabond Him the Dutchess Margaret thought a sit Instrument to Counterfeit the Duke of York second Son of Edward the Fourth She hid him in her House and instructed him in the affairs of England and the particular Interests of the House of York till he perfectly understood his business Imprinting her Maxims in his memory and talking properly of them persuading all that he was the Real Prince of that Illustrious Family Persons of that Quality and Birth have an Instinct not to be described to follow the steps of their Glorious Ancestors that they may deserve the same admiration and even in this she had informed him And now she understanding that King Henry was raising Men for France to assist Francis Duke of Brittain his old Benefactor believing this a favourable occasion to set her Engins at work and cause a disturbance in England she sent Perkin privately into Ireland that so this young and well-instructed Adventurer might sow the Seeds of Rebellion amongst those unciviliz'd People who were always inclin'd to Mutiny When he Landed in Ireland he so well imploy'd his time and favour there that many of the principal Irish believed his deceit and gave him the same Honour as if he had really been what he pretended promising to Arm and follow him with all Necessaries for the War This News being spread abroad Francis the Eighth King of France invited him to his Court that he might oppose him to Henry his declared Enemy who was then ready to Land in France Perkin overjoy'd at this News believing himself Blest to enter into the Familiarity of Kings repassed the Sea and came to the French Court where he was Magnificently received and had a Train of Guards appointed him But suddenly after a Peace was concluded between France and England and the King finding him no longer useful for his Purpose dismist him the Court. Being thus disappointed of his hopes he went to the Dutchess Dowager into Flanders This Princess longed to know how he had been Received and Entertained but the disappointment sensibly afflicted her yet she Treated him as if she had never seen him before which she cunningly endeavoured to persuade being overjoy'd to see him publickly Congratulating his happy return and taking a singular pleasure to hear him tell how nearly he escaped in several Countrys which he Travell'd This she did the better to persuade the World he was the true Son of Edward the Fourth her Brother and shew'd him extraordinary Respect as likewise did the Flemish Lords on her account The Deceit being hid under so much appearance of Truth as persuaded them that he escap'd death by the particular Providence of Heaven and when he was in the Power of his Uncle Richard a faithful Servant of his Fathers had convey'd him privately beyond Sea so Rescuing him out of his cruel hands and that now he would attempt to regain the Kingdom of his Ancestors The Story of so strange an Adventure was soon spread over all the Country flying into England where it past for Truth not only among the common People but even with several of the Nobility When the News came that Richard Duke of York was alive the number of the Seditious increas'd abundantly They whose Crimes or Debts made them abscond or whose Poverty hoped advantage fled into Flanders to Perkin and soon after many of the most considerable Lords entred into the Conspiracy and believed the Impostor swayed by their own rashness or by a false persuasion that this young Man was Prince Richard Son of King Edward and having a blind affection for the House of York Others through Disgust believing themselves ill rewarded by Henry the Seventh whom they had ventured their Lives for to set him upon the Throne Many through Avarice and a desire of change were driven into this Conspiracy Thus the News of Richard Duke of Yorks being alive divided England Hopes and Fears filled the minds of all men none were exempted from Trouble each measuring his Danger or Advantage according to his Interest Fancy and particular Opinion It was an extraordinary astonishment to the King and his Friends that there should be any Man in the World who had the Impudence to invent and discourse so Pernicious an Imposture which was not only improbable but lookt impossible and under the colour of Truth concealed a most Subtle and Implacable piece of Malice which he already knew many great Men in the Kingdom had a mind to give Credit to though he dissembled his Information And he foresaw this Fable might indanger the Ruin of the State if it were not early discovered to the Nation for no other than a fictitious most wicked and dangerous Counterfeit Those who delighted in War and Trouble embrac'd these Novelties persuading themselves there was no deceit in them and that the News was all true believing they should reap both Honour and Profit by Fomenting the Hopes of their Party And this being a Point of so much Importance the Conspirators sent into Flanders to the Dutchess Dowager to know of her when she thought fit that Richard Duke of York should pass over into England that they might the sooner Advertise their Friends and have them ready to give him all necessary Assistance Sir Robert Clifford and William Barklay were deputed for this by the general Consent of the rest They gave the Dutchess Margaret an account what the Creatures and Favourers of this New Duke had agreed to do which gave her an extream pleasure She assured them all that had been advantagiously discoursed of Richard Duke of York was really so shewing them the Impostor who Counterfeited the Person of Richard to a wonder Then she extoll'd his Vertues to the Skies and made admirable Report of his Princely Inclinations which were to imitate the Actions of his glorious Ancestors When Clifford had seen the Youth he really believed him of the Blood Royal and so writ to his Correspondents in England And the better to make himself be believed he assured them he perfectly remembred his Face After the delivery of these Letters they contrived a new Motive to excite the People to favour their Party They assured them nothing could be more True than the News of Richard Duke of York and this they so cunningly spread that no Author could be produced for the Report The King perceiving these Deceits not to diminish in the Peoples minds thought hims●lf absolutely obliged to provide for the Public Safety in which his own Interest was so deeply ingaged He knew where this design was laid and understood Cliffords Secret Departure sending Officers with some chosen Men and approved Souldiers to the Sea-Coasts for the preventing any Mens Landing in or

going out of the Kingdom except with good Passes and to hinder all great Assemblies For the better disabusing the English from their false opinions he sent his subtlest Spies through all the Towns of Flanders to understand the Birth and Original of this Counterfeit promising large Recompence to those that could discover it Writing to his Friends on the same Subject These Emissaries exactly obeyed their Orders some of them coming to Tournay found the false Richard was Born there of the Meanest of the People his name being Peter Warbeck of which they brought very authentick Attestations Upon this the King sent a solemn Embassy to young Earl Philip in Flanders of which Sir Edward Poinings and William Warham Dr. of Laws were chief The latter of these was also a Church-man of extraordinary Parts and Modesty He made a Speech to the Lords of the Young Princes Counsel who was not of Age yet to take the Government upon himself He laid the impiousness of the Impostor before them putting them in mind of the like happening in their Country about 250 years before in the time of their Countess Jane Likewise telling them that the Effects of the King his Masters Friendship to Maximilian Father of the Prince in the War of France should not be so quickly blotted out of their memory sharply reflecting on the Conduct of the Dutchess Margaret who brought forth in her elder Years not a Child at nine Months but a Prodigy of nine score Months old The Councel after a long Debate reply'd That to gratifie the King their Earl would give no assistance to Perkin But for the Dutchess Dowager She was Mistress of her Joynture and her Actions and they would neither prescribe nor forbid her any thing The Ambassadors being return'd Henry sent divers Emissaries some to discover the Names of the Conspirators by feigning to enter into the design others to endeavour the persuading Sir Robert Clifford and William Barklay to return with the assurance of their Pardon Clifford was prevailed on but Barklay continued obstinate not returning till two Years after and till he was certain of the Kings Mercy Some of the Kings Messengers came back after having discovered many of the Conspirators Others staid longer to accompany Clifford whose coming home so much discountenanced the Plotters that they knew not whom to trust The King being informed who several of the Conspirators were caused them to be Seized and Committed to Prison in London the Chief were John Ratclif Lord Fitz-Walter Sir Simon Montfort and Sir Thomas Thwaites Knights William Dawbeney Robert Ratclif Richard Lacy with divers others Some Priests William Richeford and Thomas Ponys Dominican Fryers William Sutton Robert Laybourn and William Worsley Dean of St. Pauls The rest finding their practises were discovered fled to several places of Refuge They were all Condemned as Traytors but only these Principal were Beheaded Robert Ratclif William Dawbeney and Simon Montfort John Ratclif Lord Fitzwalter was carried to Calais where for endeavouring to make his Escape he lost his Head likewise The rest the King Pardoned Not long after Sir Robert Clifford Arrived and the King chose to speak with him in the Tower that in case he accused any Great Men about his Person he might secure them there Much discourse there was touching Cliffords Conduct some thought him all along to have been imploy'd by the King to discover the rest This was occasioned by the ready obtaining his Pardon and his Return made him equally decry'd by both Parties his Friends believing him a Cheat but the small consideration the King had of him generally convinced People he acted as he thought through his Inclination to the House of York being deceived into the persuasion it was the true Prince He threw himself at the Kings Feet giving an account what passed in Flanders and naming amongst his Accomplices Sir William Stanley It much astonished the King he being his Lord Chamberlain to whom he trusted his most Important Affairs and who had gain'd him the Crown which was wore by his assistance in the Battel against Rich. the Third the Usurper Clifford pretending to know his ill will to the King from the beginning he having declared He would never bear Arms against that Young Man if he were convinced he was the Son of King Edward Polydore Virgil says his Resentment proceeded from his not being rewarded as he thought he had deserved to be Benesicium post hominum memoriam Maximum per quod Henricus a periculo vitaeliberatus conservatusque Regnum sibi quaesivit For when the King was over-power'd at the Battel of Bosworth and like to be torn in pieces by that Squadron where his Enemy Richard was Sir William Stanly by order of his Brother Thomas who Commanded the Reserve effectually helping where he found most need charging Richard he disingaged the King and gave him the Victory These Considerations made him in some suspence but the consequence of the Example prevail'd and he was Beheaded as the rest were The King was under a necessity to use that Rigour for hindring the Insolent discourses of the common People who talkt Maliciously and Cursed him at their little Meetings saying aloud They expected every day the Duke of York and to see him on the Throne But these Executions and the Method he used in his Affairs extinguished great part of those Heats and restored many People to their Duty Giles Lord Dawbeney whose Prudence and Fidelity the King was well assured of possest the Place of Lord Chamberlain Vacant by the Death of Sir William Stanley The Irish more than ever persisting in their rash unadvisedness it was resolved to endeavour to crush those Seeds of Sedition Perkin had sown amongst them the precedent Years For which Intent the King sent Henry Denny Abbot of Langton a Wise and Contriving Man whom he designed to make Chancellor of that Kingdom making Sir Edward Poynings his Colleague who was to command the Army These two Persons representing the two Arms of Justice one holding the Scales the other the Sword shewing above the Cheats of an Impostor the Majesty of a Lawful King Non solum Armis decoratam sed Legibus armatam They had order to go where he had been and take an exact account who they were that resolved to assist him and to Arm all they could to pursue the Accomplices Ireland was divided into two sorts of Inhabitants the one Civilized through the converse with other Nations but especially the English The others Wild and Savage as any upon Earth living by Theft enclin'd to Rebellion and Novely destroying one another according to the Inclinations and Avarice of those they follow Perkin knowing the Genius and Turbulent Spirits of the latter addressed himself to them These Sir Edward Poynings attackt chiefly knowing them most Guilty but they would never stand the shock always flying to their Boggs and Mountains The other Irish did not obey his Orders nor send him Succours as they promised which made him give over