for_o what_o cause_n these_o man_n be_v so_o call_v i_o know_v not_o but_o some_o have_v think_v the_o name_n of_o padrine_n come_v of_o the_o latin_a word_n pater_fw-la which_o signify_v father_n or_o of_o patrini_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o person_n unto_o who_o charge_n or_o tuition_n another_o be_v commend_v howsoever_o it_o be_v these_o padrine_n in_o the_o time_n of_o combat_n perform_v the_o same_o office_n which_o advocate_n and_o pleader_n use_v in_o disputation_n of_o civil_a cause_n and_o as_o they_o do_v not_o use_v to_o pay_v any_o part_n of_o that_o wherein_o the_o client_n be_v condemn_v even_o so_o no_o reason_n bind_v that_o the_o padrine_n shall_v fight_v or_o be_v call_v to_o perform_v more_o than_o the_o due_a of_o his_o office_n since_o the_o injury_n the_o lie_v the_o cartel_n and_o defiance_n be_v pass_v between_o the_o principal_n and_o the_o padrin_n ought_v do_v none_o otherwise_o than_o as_o advocate_n thus_o much_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o office_n of_o padrin_n because_o it_o be_v oft_o see_v both_o in_o public_a combat_n and_o private_a also_o that_o some_o gentleman_n be_v choose_v to_o behold_v the_o fight_n and_o see_v it_o be_v equal_o perform_v have_v not_o only_o be_v the_o cause_n to_o kindle_v new_a quarrel_n but_o also_o enter_v thereinto_o themselves_o contrary_a to_o honour_n and_o reason_n of_o arm_n both_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a cap._n 6._o it_o have_v be_v before_o say_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o lombardie_n every_o combat_n unless_o upon_o quarrel_n of_o infidelity_n shall_v be_v try_v with_o shield_n and_o staff_n and_o with_o no_o other_o weapon_n but_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o combat_n be_v only_o for_o trial_n of_o truth_n without_o respect_n of_o honour_n howsoever_o it_o be_v beside_o that_o custom_n must_v be_v receive_v for_o law_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o either_o in_o public_a or_o private_a fight_n such_o weapon_n ought_v be_v use_v as_o be_v common_o wear_v of_o gentleman_n and_o other_o profess_v armes_n and_o touch_v arm_n defensive_a it_o have_v be_v also_o the_o use_n that_o as_o they_o be_v think_v allowable_a in_o war_n and_o all_o general_a fight_n so_o in_o particular_a trial_n of_o arm_n they_o ought_v not_o be_v reject_v because_o fortitude_n accompany_v with_o prudence_n be_v much_o the_o more_o commendable_a see_v he_o that_o unwiselie_o or_o inconsideratlie_o adventure_v himself_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v valiant_a but_o furious_a neither_o be_v he_o account_v valiant_a that_o without_o council_n or_o cause_n delight_v in_o danger_n but_o he_o that_o never_o do_v shun_v any_o generous_a action_n tend_v to_o public_a benefit_n or_o his_o own_o private_a reputation_n and_o aristotle_n say_v that_o a_o valiant_a man_n do_v neither_o fear_n all_o thing_n nor_o dare_v do_v all_o thing_n for_o these_o respect_v it_o have_v ever_o be_v think_v fit_a that_o in_o particular_a combat_n the_o fighter_n shall_v be_v allow_v arm_n defensive_a &_o not_o perform_v the_o same_o naked_a and_o utterlie_o disarm_v with_o sword_n and_o dagger_n only_o as_o be_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n now_o use_v and_o since_o the_o peril_n of_o life_n be_v no_o less_o in_o particular_a than_o in_o public_a fight_n it_o seem_v very_o reasonable_a that_o defensive_a arm_n shall_v be_v allow_v yet_o so_o as_o both_o the_o challenger_n and_o defender_n be_v equal_o arm_v &_o weapon_v which_o in_o truth_n ought_v be_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o defendant_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v discourse_v but_o because_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n be_v and_o happy_o also_o law_n forbid_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v arm_v save_o only_o in_o the_o war_n i_o think_v no_o gentleman_n ought_v refuse_v to_o fight_v disarm_v and_o here_o will_v i_o not_o omit_v to_o remember_v a_o abuse_n which_o hardly_o be_v discontinue_v i_o mean_v that_o some_o english_a gentleman_n be_v so_o obstinate_o addict_v to_o custom_n as_o notwithstanding_o they_o do_v themselves_o enter_v quarrel_n and_o be_v challenger_n yet_o will_v they_o use_v that_o sort_n of_o weapon_n only_o which_o please_v themselves_o a_o opinion_n contrary_a unto_o reason_n and_o the_o use_n of_o all_o other_o people_n as_o though_o ancient_a use_n make_v that_o weapon_n only_o allowable_a which_o reason_n will_v also_o prove_v vice_n as_o good_a as_o virtue_n because_o it_o be_v no_o less_o ancient_a of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o weapon_n cap._n 7._o for_o good_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n many_o advantage_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o that_o be_v challenge_v because_o he_o be_v accuse_v and_o constrain_v to_o fight_v just_a and_o true_a reason_n will_v that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v all_o honest_a favour_n it_o have_v be_v therefore_o well_o determine_v that_o whosoever_o be_v defender_n do_v sufficient_o acquit_v himself_o and_o ought_v be_v repute_v victorious_a if_o he_o be_v not_o victor_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o that_o challenge_v must_v not_o only_o escape_v to_o be_v vanquish_v but_o also_o vanquish_v his_o enemy_n for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v repute_v as_o victor_v and_o lose_v the_o quarrel_n which_o be_v very_o reasonable_a because_o his_o office_n be_v to_o prove_v but_o the_o defender_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o more_o than_o to_o defend_v another_o favour_n also_o appertain_v to_o the_o defender_n which_o be_v the_o election_n of_o the_o weapon_n which_o be_v also_o reasonable_o do_v because_o if_o another_o man_n will_v voluntary_o call_v i_o to_o trial_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o choice_n of_o the_o weapon_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v i_o yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o no_o defender_n ought_v to_o make_v election_n of_o other_o arm_n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a than_o such_o as_o be_v lawful_a and_o wear_v ordinary_o by_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n therewith_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o question_n whereupon_o the_o combat_n or_o fight_n grow_v may_v be_v decide_v by_o civil_a trial_n that_o then_o no_o trial_n of_o arm_n ought_v be_v enterprise_v much_o more_o also_o may_v be_v add_v touch_v the_o equality_n or_o disequalitie_n of_o the_o person_n that_o enter_v into_o fight_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o arm_n aswell_o defensive_a as_o offensive_a but_o because_o public_a combat_n be_v now_o almost_o general_o forbid_v and_o in_o this_o land_n most_o rare_o use_v i_o speak_v only_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v know_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o private_a combat_n and_o fight_v between_o particular_a gentleman_n how_o many_o way_n victory_n be_v gain_v cap._n 8._o at_o such_o time_n as_o public_a combat_n be_v use_v within_o a_o list_n or_o place_n special_o appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n there_o be_v a_o judge_n indifferent_o choose_v by_o the_o fighter_n to_o see_v and_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o be_v victorious_a and_o who_o be_v victor_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o discontinuance_n of_o those_o ceremony_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o fight_n by_o warrant_n of_o prince_n letter_n patent_n yet_o do_v i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o brief_o to_o set_v down_o in_o what_o case_n man_n be_v repute_v victorious_a 1_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v know_v that_o if_o the_o challenger_n do_v not_o vanquish_v the_o defender_n in_o the_o day_n of_o fight_n before_o the_o sun_n set_v he_o be_v himself_o to_o be_v judge_v vanquish_v and_o can_v afterward_o challenge_v any_o other_o gentleman_n to_o the_o combat_n this_o sort_n of_o victory_n and_o this_o privilege_n be_v only_o due_a unto_o the_o defender_n all_o other_o trial_n be_v common_a and_o indifferent_a to_o both_o the_o fighter_n 2_o the_o next_o kind_n of_o victory_n be_v when_o any_o of_o the_o fighter_n do_v yield_v unto_o his_o enemy_n either_o by_o confess_v himself_o not_o able_a to_o defend_v to_o yield_v himself_o prisoner_n or_o by_o utter_v any_o other_o speech_n tend_v to_o submission_n 3_o the_o three_o be_v when_o any_o of_o they_o do_v express_o deny_v or_o unsay_v that_o he_o affirm_v &_o the_o word_n whereon_o the_o quarrel_n grow_v renounce_v the_o quarrel_n 4_o four_o he_o who_o run_v away_o and_o abandon_v the_o list_n or_o field_n where_o the_o fight_n be_v perform_v aught_o to_o lose_v the_o victory_n and_o be_v adjudge_v as_o vanquish_v and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o base_a and_o dishonourable_a sort_n of_o vanquishment_n 5_o he_o be_v also_o to_o be_v without_o victory_n and_o vanquish_v that_o be_v slay_v within_o the_o list_n or_o field_n yet_o be_v this_o sort_n of_o vanquish_a lest_o dishonourable_a and_o infamous_a although_o by_o ancient_a custom_n to_o such_o man_n as_o be_v slay_v in_o public_a combat_n no_o burial_n be_v grant_v among_o christian_a body_n what_o be_v ancientlie_o due_a unto_o such_o as_o be_v victorious_a in_o public_a combat_n cap._n 9_o albeit_o i_o
his_o office_n with_o any_o other_o favour_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o undo_v that_o be_v do_v nor_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o to_o be_v well_o do_v which_o be_v already_o evil_o do_v nor_o that_o a_o mind_n infect_v with_o infamy_n shall_v be_v clean_o and_o void_a of_o dishonour_n &_o consequent_o notwithstanding_o restitution_n the_o prince_n have_v still_o just_a cause_n to_o be_v suspicious_a of_o such_o a_o man_n fidelity_n as_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v draw_v to_o dishonest_a action_n and_o every_o other_o gentleman_n shall_v hold_v he_o in_o evil_a conceit_n moreover_o touch_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n in_o this_o case_n it_o seem_v that_o as_o they_o can_v bereave_v the_o good_a man_n of_o their_o goodness_n so_o can_v they_o not_o take_v from_o the_o evil_a their_o evil_a thought_n see_v their_o jurisdiction_n extend_v unto_o the_o wealth_n and_o person_n of_o subject_n but_o over_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n they_o have_v no_o power_n my_o prince_n can_v make_v i_o at_o his_o pleasure_n rich_a or_o poor_a but_o to_o make_v i_o good_a or_o bad_a be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n for_o that_o appertain_v only_o to_o god_n grace_n and_o i_o own_o endeavour_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v infer_v that_o if_o a_o man_n restore_v after_o the_o commit_n of_o any_o notorious_a evil_a fact_n shall_v challenge_v another_o gentleman_n to_o trial_n of_o arm_n he_o may_v be_v reasonable_o repulse_v yet_o be_o i_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o restitution_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o child_n and_o posterity_n of_o the_o person_n infamed_a and_o condemn_v as_o they_o that_o ought_v not_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n due_a to_o the_o offence_n of_o another_o chief_o in_o respect_n of_o baptism_n whereby_o all_o the_o sin_n of_o forefather_n be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o disequalitie_n of_o gentleman_n cap._n 4._o before_o we_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o this_o matter_n i_o think_v good_a to_o advertise_v that_o as_o there_o be_v diverse_a sort_n of_o man_n that_o may_v not_o challenge_v other_o so_o be_v there_o some_o that_o ought_v not_o be_v challenge_v of_o any_o the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v clerk_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n profess_v religion_n the_o other_o sort_n be_v doctor_n with_o all_o student_n and_o such_o man_n as_o be_v only_o give_v to_o literature_n and_o knowledge_n but_o to_o return_v unto_o disequalitie_n of_o noble_a person_n i_o say_v that_o the_o true_a nobility_n of_o man_n be_v virtue_n and_o that_o he_o be_v true_o noble_a that_o be_v virtuous_a be_v he_o bear_v of_o high_a or_o of_o low_a parent_n and_o the_o more_o high_o he_o be_v bear_v the_o worse_a reputation_n he_o merit_v if_o he_o can_v continue_v the_o honour_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o ancestor_n chrisostome_n say_v what_o honour_n be_v it_o to_o be_v well_o bear_v be_v defile_v with_o vile_a condition_n or_o what_o hurt_v base_a parentage_n to_o he_o that_o be_v with_o gentle_a manner_n adorn_v who_o so_o vaunt_v of_o his_o ancestor_n seem_v without_o any_o good_a thing_n of_o his_o own_o seneca_n say_v that_o who_o so_o will_v true_o judge_v what_o worthiness_n be_v in_o man_n must_v consider_v of_o he_o naked_a lay_v aside_o his_o live_n and_o title_n of_o honour_n with_o all_o other_o favour_n of_o fortune_n he_o must_v also_o imagine_v he_o without_o body_n and_o then_o weigh_v of_o what_o value_n or_o excellency_n he_o be_v in_o mind_n because_o nobility_n be_v place_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o in_o the_o mind_n it_o appear_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o disequalitie_n i_o say_v that_o albeit_o emperor_n king_n prince_n great_a lord_n and_o mean_v also_o be_v comprise_v within_o the_o name_n of_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n yet_o be_v there_o among_o they_o such_o inequality_n as_o no_o gentleman_n of_o what_o title_n soever_o may_v be_v compare_v unto_o a_o king_n nor_o any_o soldier_n unto_o a_o emperor_n whereof_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o more_o at_o large_a touch_v the_o disequalitie_n of_o private_a nobility_n thus_o be_v it_o to_o be_v discourse_v all_o gentleman_n be_v either_o without_o office_n either_o else_o they_o have_v office_n or_o dignity_n as_o the_o government_n of_o town_n country_n ambassage_n or_o commandment_n in_o war_n who_o ever_o of_o they_o have_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n either_o it_o be_v give_v he_o for_o time_n or_o life_n if_o he_o be_v a_o officer_n for_o time_n and_o be_v occasion_v to_o answer_v in_o arm_n he_o may_v defer_v the_o combat_n till_o the_o expiration_n of_o his_o time_n in_o office_n if_o the_o office_n be_v for_o life_n &_o the_o quality_n thereof_o such_o as_o make_v he_o superior_a to_o the_o adversary_n he_o may_v fight_v by_o champion_n if_o such_o a_o officer_n be_v not_o superior_a to_o the_o enemy_n he_o ought_v ask_v leave_n of_o his_o prince_n and_o not_o obtain_v it_o shall_v without_o licence_n go_v unto_o the_o place_n of_o combat_n and_o with_o arm_n answer_v the_o enemy_n for_o the_o obligation_n of_o honour_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o whosoever_o be_v bear_v noble_a under_o which_o word_n be_v comprise_v all_o sort_n of_o nobility_n and_o gentility_n be_v equal_a to_o any_o other_o gentleman_n of_o private_a condition_n note_v here_o that_o in_o say_v a_o gentleman_n bear_v we_o mean_v he_o must_v be_v descend_v from_o three_o degree_n of_o gentry_n both_o on_o the_o mother_n and_o father_n side_n such_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o paris_n a_o gentleman_n descend_v of_o the_o most_o noble_a house_n not_o have_v jurisdiction_n or_o commandment_n may_v be_v challenge_v of_o any_o private_a or_o particular_a gentleman_n also_o in_o respect_n that_o the_o profession_n of_o arm_n be_v honourable_a a_o soldier_n that_o have_v long_o serve_v without_o reproach_n ought_v be_v account_v a_o gentleman_n also_o a_o scholar_n have_v continue_v the_o study_n of_o good_a learning_n &_o be_v aspire_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o school_n can_v be_v deny_v the_o title_n of_o gentry_n a_o simple_a soldier_n of_o honest_a fame_n may_v fight_v with_o any_o other_o soldier_n corporal_n sergeant_n or_o other_o officer_n the_o capteine_v except_v and_o he_o also_o may_v be_v challenge_v to_o answer_v by_o champion_n every_o capteine_n may_v challenge_v another_o capteine_n unless_o their_o charge_n be_v such_o as_o the_o one_o can_v command_v the_o other_o and_o this_o rule_n must_v serve_v through_o all_o degree_n of_o soldier_n both_o on_o horseback_n and_o foot_n yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o man_n at_o arm_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a sort_n of_o soldier_n and_o in_o continual_a pay_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n gentleman_n may_v not_o be_v refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o private_a capteine_n of_o footman_n it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o a_o capteine_a of_o footman_n shall_v fight_v with_o a_o capteine_a of_o horseman_n be_v it_o not_o that_o those_o charge_n be_v give_v to_o noble_a man_n &_o the_o charge_n of_o man_n at_o arm_n to_o the_o most_o noble_a yet_o be_v consideration_n to_o be_v have_v aswell_o of_o their_o birth_n as_o their_o charge_n for_o the_o capteine_a in_o mean_a place_n may_v be_v so_o honourable_o bear_v as_o he_o ought_v not_o be_v repulse_v which_o respect_n be_v also_o to_o be_v have_v among_o captain_n both_o on_o horseback_n and_o foot_n and_o likewise_o among_o all_o horseman_n and_o soldier_n on_o foot_n in_o particular_a of_o injury_n do_v with_o advantage_n cap._n 5._o heretofore_o have_v be_v say_v that_o no_o injury_n offer_v with_o advantage_n aught_o to_o burden_n he_o in_o reputation_n unto_o who_o the_o same_o be_v offer_v and_o that_o such_o injury_n may_v in_o like_a sort_n be_v revenge_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o natural_a and_o reasonable_a need_v no_o further_a proof_n notwithstanding_o to_o the_o intent_n each_o man_n may_v be_v full_o inform_v what_o advantage_n be_v we_o think_v fit_a somewhat_o to_o say_v thereof_o advantage_n in_o general_n be_v when_o one_o man_n do_v injury_n unto_o another_o so_o and_o in_o such_o time_n and_o place_n as_o the_o injure_a can_v be_v revenge_v but_o to_o speak_v thereof_o in_o particular_a thus_o may_v it_o be_v say_v for_o example_n if_o one_o man_n be_v arm_v do_v assault_v another_o disarm_v or_o that_o he_o be_v better_o arm_v that_o we_o call_v advantage_n if_o a_o man_n in_o office_n or_o place_n of_o dignity_n have_v about_o he_o friend_n or_o servant_n do_v offer_v injury_n to_o another_o of_o mean_a estate_n that_o be_v likewise_o advantage_n if_o two_o or_o more_o man_n do_v hurt_n or_o strike_v another_o so_o as_o the_o man_n hurt_n be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v present_a revenge_n that_o be_v also_o injury_n with_o advantage_n by_o these_o few_o example_n may_v all_o other_o advantageous_a injury_n be_v conceive_v but_o therewith_o be_v to_o
&_o martial_n desire_v they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o deliver_v and_o discharge_v his_o pledge_n whereupon_o the_o say_a constable_n and_o marshal_n do_v humble_o desire_v the_o king_n to_o release_v they_o because_o the_o defender_n be_v already_o come_v and_o present_v before_o his_o majesty_n there_o to_o perform_v his_o duty_n but_o in_o case_n the_o defender_n do_v not_o come_v at_o time_n convenient_a in_o the_o day_n appoint_v then_o do_v the_o king_n deliver_v his_o pleasure_n unto_o the_o constable_n and_o he_o report_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o marshal_n who_o forthwith_o do_v give_v order_n unto_o his_o liutenant_n that_o the_o defender_n shall_v be_v present_o call_v to_o appear_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o herehault_n in_o the_o south_n call_v clarentieux_n and_o in_o case_n the_o marshal_n of_o herehault_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o south_n be_v not_o present_a than_o be_v the_o proclamation_n make_v by_o some_o other_o herehault_n of_o king_n clarentieux_n but_o if_o the_o combat_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o north_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o trent_n in_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o king_n norre_fw-mi then_o be_v his_o marshal_n to_o make_v proclamation_n the_o word_n of_o the_o proclamation_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n oiez_fw-fr g._n d._n defendant_n in_o this_o combat_n appear_v now_o for_o in_o this_o day_n thou_o have_v take_v upon_o thou_o to_o acquit_v thy_o pledge_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n constable_n and_o martial_n and_o also_o defend_v thy_o person_n against_o a.g._n who_o challenge_v thou_o to_o maintain_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o combat_n this_o proclamation_n be_v make_v thrice_o at_o every_o corner_n of_o the_o list_n but_o if_o at_o the_o second_o time_n the_o party_n appear_v not_o than_o the_o herehault_n do_v add_v these_o word_n the_o day_n pass_v and_o therefore_o come_v without_o delay_n and_o if_o in_o case_n the_o say_a defendant_n appear_v not_o before_o noon_n but_o staid_a until_o the_o three_o hour_n after_o than_o do_v the_o herehault_n by_o commandment_n of_o the_o constable_n and_o martial_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o proclamation_n say_v a.g._n appear_v in_o haste_n &_o save_v thy_o honour_n for_o the_o day_n be_v well_o near_o spend_v wherein_o thou_o do_v promise_v to_o perform_v thy_o enterprise_n it_o be_v also_o use_v that_o the_o constable_n his_o clerk_n shall_v in_o a_o book_n record_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o fighter_n appear_v within_o the_o list_n either_o on_o foot_n or_o on_o horseback_n in_o what_o sort_n they_o be_v arm_v of_o what_o colour_n the_o horse_n be_v &_o how_o they_o be_v in_o all_o point_n furnish_v it_o be_v also_o auncientlie_o use_v that_o the_o constable_n move_v the_o king_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o fighter_n and_o know_v whether_o his_o majesty_n be_v please_v to_o appoint_v any_o of_o his_o nobility_n or_o other_o servant_n of_o reputation_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o combat_n the_o constable_n and_o martial_n do_v survey_v the_o lance_n and_o other_o weapon_n wherewith_o the_o combat_n shall_v be_v perform_v make_v they_o equal_a and_o of_o even_a measure_n the_o constable_n also_o appoint_v two_o knight_n or_o squire_n unto_o the_o challenger_n to_o keep_v the_o place_n free_a from_o impediment_n the_o like_a be_v also_o do_v for_o the_o defender_n the_o constable_n do_v also_o move_v the_o king_n to_o know_v whether_o his_o majesty_n in_o person_n will_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o fighter_n or_o give_v he_o and_o the_o martial_a authority_n to_o do_v it_o out_o of_o his_o presence_n the_o constable_n also_o do_v send_v the_o marshal_n unto_o the_o challenger_n and_o his_o council_n to_o make_v ready_a his_o oath_n declare_v that_o after_o that_o ceremony_n all_o protestation_n shall_v be_v void_a after_o these_o preparation_n the_o constable_n cause_v his_o clerk_n to_o bring_v forth_o the_o book_n whereupon_o the_o combatter_n be_v solemn_o swear_v the_o first_o oath_n the_o constable_n have_v cause_v his_o clerk_n to_o read_v the_o challenger_n bill_n call_v he_o by_o his_o name_n and_o say_v do_v thou_o conceive_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o bill_n here_o be_v also_o thy_o own_o gauntlet_n of_o defiance_n thou_o shall_v swear_v by_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n that_o all_o thing_n therein_o contain_v be_v true_a and_o that_o thou_o maintain_v it_o so_o to_o be_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o thy_o adversary_n as_o god_n shall_v help_v thou_o and_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n the_o oath_n thus_o take_v he_o be_v lead_v back_o unto_o his_o former_a place_n and_o the_o constable_n do_v cause_v the_o marshal_n to_o produce_v the_o defender_n who_o take_v the_o like_a oath_n this_o oath_n be_v ever_o take_v the_o party_n kneel_v unless_o it_o please_v the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n to_o pardon_v that_o duty_n the_o second_o oath_n the_o second_o oath_n be_v also_o indifferent_o propound_v to_o either_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o they_o have_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o list_n other_o armour_n or_o weapon_n than_o be_v allow_v neither_o any_o engen_fw-mi instrument_n herb_n charm_n or_o enchantment_n and_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o shall_v put_v affiance_n or_o trust_n in_o any_o thing_n other_o than_o god_n and_o their_o own_o valour_n as_o god_n and_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n shall_v help_v they_o that_o do_v they_o be_v both_o send_v back_o to_o their_o place_n of_o entry_n the_o three_o oath_n be_v thus_o the_o combatter_n be_v again_o call_v be_v command_v by_o the_o constable_n to_o take_v one_o the_o other_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o lay_v their_o left_a hand_n upon_o the_o book_n which_o do_v the_o constable_n say_v i_o charge_v thou_o a.b._n challenger_n upon_o thy_o faith_n that_o thou_o do_v thy_o uttermost_a endeavour_n and_o force_n to_o prove_v thy_o affirmation_n either_o by_o death_n or_o denial_n of_o thy_o adversary_n before_o he_o depart_v these_o list_n and_o before_o the_o sun_n go_v down_o this_o day_n as_o god_n and_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n shall_v help_v thou_o the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o like_a manner_n use_v be_v offer_v unto_o the_o defender_n and_o that_o do_v the_o fighter_n return_v unto_o their_o place_n friend_n and_o councillor_n these_o ceremony_n end_v a_o herehault_n by_o commandment_n of_o the_o constable_n and_o martial_n do_v make_v proclamation_n at_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o list_n thus_o oiez_fw-fr oiez_fw-fr we_o charge_v and_o command_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n that_o no_o man_n of_o what_o state_n title_n or_o degree_n soever_o shall_v approach_v the_o list_n near_o than_o four_o foot_n in_o distance_n nor_o shall_v utter_v any_o speech_n word_n voice_n or_o countenance_n whereby_o either_o the_o challenger_n or_o defender_n may_v take_v advantage_n upon_o pain_n of_o loss_n of_o life_n live_v and_o good_n to_o be_v take_v at_o the_o king_n good_a pleasure_n then_o the_o constable_n and_o martial_n assign_v a_o place_n convenient_a within_o the_o list_n where_o the_o king_n of_o herehault_n and_o their_o officer_n shall_v stand_v and_o be_v ready_a if_o they_o be_v call_v for_o afterward_o all_o thing_n be_v commit_v to_o their_o charge_n aswell_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o defender_n as_o the_o challenger_n as_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v forget_v in_o their_o confession_n either_o touch_v their_o land_n or_o conscience_n or_o that_o any_o of_o they_o desire_v to_o eat_v or_o drink_v all_o those_o lack_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o herehault_n and_o none_o other_o but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o meat_n or_o drink_v may_v be_v give_v unto_o the_o challenger_n without_o leave_n first_o ask_v of_o the_o adversary_n who_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o request_n and_o after_o the_o herehault_n ought_v go_v unto_o the_o constable_n and_o martial_n and_o make_v they_o privy_a to_o desire_v their_o favour_n that_o the_o fighter_n may_v eat_v drink_n or_o ease_v their_o body_n after_o these_o order_n take_v the_o constable_n and_o martial_n do_v avoid_v the_o list_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n save_v only_o one_o knight_n and_o two_o esquire_n arm_v to_o attend_v on_o the_o constable_n and_o the_o like_a number_n to_o await_v on_o the_o marshal_n either_o of_o they_o have_v in_o his_o hand_n a_o lance_n without_o head_n ready_a to_o depart_v the_o fighter_n if_o the_o king_n do_v command_v of_o more_o ancient_a time_n the_o constable_n and_o martial_n be_v use_v to_o have_v certain_a liutenant_n and_o servant_n within_o the_o list_n also_o the_o one_o part_n to_o keep_v order_n on_o one_o side_n &_o the_o other_o to_o look_v unto_o the_o other_o side_n and_o if_o the_o queen_n happen_v to_o behold_v the_o combat_n than_o the_o constable_n and_o martial_n await_v on_o the_o king_n side_n and_o their_o liutenant_n attend_v on_o the_o queen_n then_o do_v the_o constable_n
prove_v ought_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a be_v try_v in_o combat_n but_o for_o more_o particular_a knowledge_n of_o this_o matter_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o we_o call_v a_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o reason_n injury_n or_o as_o some_o do_v term_v it_o offence_n or_o wrong_n and_o the_o burden_n be_v a_o certain_a natural_a obligation_n whereby_o a_o man_n stand_v bind_v to_o repulse_n or_o maintain_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n wherefore_o whensoever_o we_o see_v a_o man_n burden_a or_o charge_v it_o be_v present_o and_o consequent_o look_v for_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o challenger_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v know_v that_o otherwhiles_o one_o man_n may_v do_v unto_o another_o such_o a_o act_n as_o may_v be_v both_o a_o injury_n and_o a_o burden_n so_o may_v also_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v without_o burden_n and_o a_o burden_n without_o injury_n a_o injury_n join_v with_o burden_n be_v thus_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v charge_v i_o with_o a_o evil_a fact_n never_o by_o i_o commit_v whereby_o contrary_a to_o all_o reason_n he_o seek_v my_o slander_n hereby_o he_o offer_v i_o injury_n and_o the_o burden_n he_o lay_v upon_o i_o be_v for_o that_o i_o stand_v bind_v to_o repulse_n and_o make_v answer_n unto_o such_o outrageous_a word_n and_o consequent_o be_o force_v to_o answer_v he_o lie_v whereby_o i_o be_o disburden_v &_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o he_o by_o which_o mean_v i_o become_v discharge_v of_o my_o obligation_n and_o bind_v he_o unto_o the_o proof_n and_o maintain_v of_o his_o word_n which_o be_v to_o maintain_v and_o be_v a_o challenger_n and_o in_o handle_v the_o matter_n this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o i_o only_o do_v burden_n he_o without_o offer_n of_o injury_n because_o i_o make_v this_o answer_n upon_o a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n only_o with_o intent_n to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o he_o a_o injury_n without_o burden_n be_v in_o two_o sort_n viz._n in_o word_n or_o in_o deed_n as_o thus_o if_o one_o man_n shall_v charge_v another_o in_o word_n with_o that_o which_o be_v manifest_o false_a in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o make_v any_o answer_n at_o all_o because_o he_o who_o speak_v such_o word_n prove_v himself_o a_o apparent_a liar_n and_o therefore_o not_o worthy_a of_o so_o much_o respect_n as_o to_o be_v answer_v so_o be_v those_o word_n injury_n but_o no_o burden_n a_o injury_n in_o deed_n without_o burden_n be_v when_o one_o man_n offer_v unto_o a_o other_o violence_n with_o advantage_n or_o in_o such_o evil_a sort_n as_o the_o fact_n appear_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o honour_n and_o reason_n in_o that_o case_n to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o injure_a challenge_n the_o injurer_n see_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v plain_a and_o apparent_a but_o happy_o it_o may_v be_v say_v by_o he_o that_o be_v injure_v shall_v i_o rest_v without_o revenge_n thereunto_o may_v be_v answer_v by_o prince_n or_o other_o have_v authority_n to_o grant_v combat_n that_o to_o admit_v trial_n by_o arm_n be_v only_o lawful_a for_o the_o find_v out_o and_o justification_n of_o truth_n but_o the_o punishment_n of_o wilful_a act_n contrary_a to_o peace_n be_v by_o civil_a authority_n to_o be_v perform_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n whosoever_o receive_v a_o injury_n in_o deed_n dishonorablie_o offer_v be_v thereby_o neither_o dishonour_v nor_o burden_a and_o for_o revenge_v of_o such_o cowardly_a and_o bestial_a offence_n it_o be_v allowable_a to_o use_v any_o advantage_n or_o subtlety_n according_a to_o the_o italian_a proverb_n ad_fw-la una_fw-la sopercheria_fw-gr si_fw-fr conviene_fw-fr un_fw-fr '_o altra_fw-la sopercheria_fw-gr &_o ad_fw-la un_fw-it tradimento_fw-it un_fw-it altro_fw-it tradimento_fw-it which_o be_v that_o one_o advantage_n require_v another_o and_o one_o treason_n may_v be_v with_o another_o acquit_v how_o shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a it_o be_v to_o offer_v injury_n with_o advantage_n and_o cowardly_a cap._n 2._o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o heretofore_o we_o have_v say_v that_o a_o traitorous_a injury_n may_v be_v in_o like_a sort_n revenge_v yet_o be_v it_o very_o reasonable_a that_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o do_v he_o that_o offer_v such_o a_o injury_n incur_v apparent_a infamy_n without_o burden_v he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v offer_v for_o what_o reason_n can_v maintain_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v worthy_a of_o infamy_n that_o be_v by_o another_o cowardly_a and_o sudden_o hurt_v or_o strike_v nay_o who_o be_v he_o that_o will_v not_o blame_v he_o that_o offer_v such_o a_o injury_n and_o acquit_v he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v do_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o i_o say_v the_o infamy_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o that_o wilful_o do_v a_o dishonourable_a wrong_n not_o to_o he_o that_o receive_v it_o for_o no_o man_n want_v power_n to_o refrain_v a_o wicked_a action_n no_o man_n want_v power_n to_o perform_v his_o promise_n no_o man_n be_v force_v to_o be_v a_o traitor_n &_o therefore_o whosoever_o fall_v into_o any_o such_o fault_n become_v odious_a and_o infamous_a beside_o that_o in_o offend_v cowardly_a he_o seem_v to_o want_v virtue_n and_o courage_n require_v in_o a_o gentleman_n by_o ancient_a custom_n it_o have_v therefore_o be_v determine_v that_o if_o any_o man_n have_v commit_v such_o cowardly_a and_o foul_a fact_n shall_v afterward_o challenge_v another_o gentleman_n he_o may_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o infamy_n due_a for_o his_o former_a do_n be_v lawful_o refuse_v i_o will_v also_o advise_v all_o gentleman_n to_o eschew_v one_o other_o vile_a and_o evil_a abuse_n which_o be_v thus_o a_o man_n have_v offer_v injurious_a word_n and_o be_v lawful_o belie_v he_o may_v not_o with_o a_o cowardly_a stroke_n or_o touch_v of_o a_o cudgel_n or_o any_o such_o like_a mean_n think_v to_o be_v acquit_v of_o the_o burden_n as_o some_o man_n have_v suppose_v yet_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n do_v think_v that_o to_o give_v a_o blow_n or_o spit_v in_o the_o face_n of_o a_o man_n and_o run_v away_o discharge_v a_o lawful_a lie_n which_o be_v far_o otherwise_o my_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v that_o a_o man_n direct_o be_v not_o discharge_v by_o any_o such_o act_n but_o stand_v still_o burden_a to_o prove_v that_o affirmation_n whereupon_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v he_o and_o consequent_o must_v challenge_v that_o every_o lie_v give_v ought_v not_o to_o occasion_n combat_n cap._n 3._o forsomuch_o as_o the_o lie_n be_v not_o indeed_o the_o cause_n of_o fight_n but_o the_o occasion_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o upon_o every_o lie_n give_v combat_n shall_v forthwith_o follow_v for_o if_o the_o fault_n wherewith_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v be_v not_o such_o as_o require_v trial_n in_o arm_n than_o do_v not_o the_o lie_v give_v thereupon_o bind_v he_o because_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o not_o of_o the_o lie_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v therefore_o in_o every_o law_n whereby_o combat_n be_v permit_v the_o cause_n be_v express_o and_o particular_o declare_v as_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o lombardie_n and_o the_o imperial_a constitution_n appear_v for_o what_o cause_v the_o combat_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v cap._n 4._o a_o thing_n most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o to_o reduce_v the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o the_o use_n of_o present_a time_n be_v not_o only_o hard_a and_o difficult_a but_o also_o impossible_a wherefore_o omit_v to_o tell_v of_o what_o have_v be_v we_o will_v only_o speak_v of_o that_o which_o ought_v be_v in_o this_o matter_n observe_v i_o say_v then_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o quarrel_n whereupon_o it_o behove_v to_o use_v the_o trial_n of_o arm_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o two_o for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o reasonable_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v expose_v himself_o to_o the_o peril_n of_o death_n save_v only_o for_o such_o occasion_n as_o do_v deserve_v death_n wherefore_o whensoever_o one_o man_n do_v accuse_v another_o of_o such_o a_o crime_n as_o merit_v death_n in_o that_o case_n the_o combat_n ought_v be_v grant_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o combat_n be_v honour_n because_o among_o person_n of_o reputation_n honour_n be_v prefer_v before_o life_n therefore_o whensoever_o any_o such_o crime_n be_v impute_v as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v judge_v infamous_a the_o combat_n and_o trial_n of_o arm_n ought_v be_v allow_v if_o by_o civil_a and_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n it_o can_v how_o between_o padrin_n no_o fight_n or_o quarrel_v aught_o to_o be_v cap._n 5._o at_o such_o time_n as_o public_a combat_n be_v by_o prince_n permit_v the_o custom_n be_v that_o those_o unto_o who_o the_o field_n be_v grant_v do_v bring_v with_o they_o certain_a friend_n to_o behold_v the_o fight_n and_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o agreement_n and_o capitulation_n