her honour was slain by her own Father in an open Assembly of the people Appius forced to make away himself in prison and the rest of that Magistracy abdicating their Offices the Consuls were for a time restored 3. The people fleshed with this victory and calling to mind how their Ancestors had in like manner banished the Kings began to know their own strength and stomacked it exceedingly that they on whose shoulders the frame of the State was supported should be so much under the Command of others that they who were Lords abroad should be below the condition of Slaves at home Hereupon they raise a tumult under the Conduct of their Tribune Canuleius Nor could they by any perswasions be induced to lay down Arms till they had obtained a Decree That from thenceforth the Nobles and the Commons might promiscuously be maried And this was the first step to the Republique The gaining this new Privilege put them in possibility of obtaining greater They now sue to be capable of the Consulship The Fathers consulting of this demand wisely fore-saw that to grant their Petition or to deny it was alike dangerous For were it utterly dashed it was to be feared the People would again forsake the City and yet make their stay more insolent and insupportable if it were granted C. Claudius one who by his honourable behaviour was by both parties had in an equall degree of reverence quickly proposed a middle course whereby the fury of the multitude might be appeased without blemish to the Consular dignity He constituted six Annuall Officers equally chosen out of the People and the Nobles calling them Tribuni Militum Consularis potestatis This Office continued but not without many Interstitiums the space of 78. yeers Which time expired and some experience being had of the peoples Government the Lords of the Senate did decree That one of the Consuls should from thenceforth be chosen by and out of the Commons that they should be capable of all Magistracies yea even of the Dictatorship So that now Vertue was as speedy a Ladder to climb unto Honors as Nobility of Birth and a Good man as much respected as a Great A rare felicity of the times 4. The People being thus mixt with the Nobles as well in Mariages as Honors one would have thought that this Common-wealth being thus equally poysed had been immortall But as in the Naturall Body there can be no exact and Arithmeticall proportion of the humors and elements without some predominancie So in the Body Politique can there be no equall mixture of Plebeians and Patritians without the supremacy of the one or the other The people had presently after the institution of the Consuls raised a Commotion and with-drew themselves into Mount Aventine Nor could they be intreated to return into the City till there were granted unto them peculiar Officers called Tribuni Plebis or Protectors of the Commons These being not long after by the Common Councell pronounced to be Sacrosancti and inviolable began to heave the Popular State too high and thrust the Aristoeraticall too low not regarding to lose the love of the one so they might get the applause of the other Insomuch that matters of judgment were devolved from the Fathers to the Commons and the authority of the Senate trod under foot by the people Nay they proceeded so far that Marius being Tribune threatned to send Cotta the Consul unto Prison And Sulpitius in the same Office made the Consuls forsake the Senate-house and slew one of their sonnes whose heels were now nimble enough to flie away And now were the Romans governed by that form of rule than which there is no lower So that as well by an inevitable necessity in Nature as the ordinary course of Policies there must be a reverting to the first and Monarchicall Authority For questionless it fareth many times with a Common-wealth as with the Sun which runneth through all the signs of the Zodiack till it return to the place where its motion first began And the Platonick year of reducing all things to the same beginning continuance and period how false soever in the Books of Nature is in some sort true in the change of Government 5. The way down-hill is easie and ordinary but to ascend unto the top requireth both wit to frame the steps and courage to give the attempt So was it here also with the Romans They had naturally and almost insensibly faln from a Monarchy to a Popâ—lacy or Democracy But to ascend from a Populacy to a Monarchy required many steps and degrees in many much industry in all Mariâ—s and Sylla well skilled in feeding the humors of the people were the first that attempted and severally mounted to such a height of command as never durst any promise to them nor they hope for themselves Marius was of an harsh and stern nature equally cruell to the Enemies in war and the people in peace one whose birth the Romans might have had just cause to curse had he not saved them from the Cimbri Sylla was one whose carriage none could enough commend before or sufficiently condemn after his prosperity A man whose Peace was far more bloudy than his Wars a better Subject than a Prince These two gave way each to other and both to death Next these as well in faction and designs as blood and alliance succeeded Caesar and Pompey Two men never truly paralleld since their own times Caesar had a wit to invent so pregnant a heart to execute so stout and to both a Fortune so favourable that he durst undertake what no man dared and his performances commonly were answerable to his undertakings Pompey a man greater than his own or his friends wishes had triumphed over all the parts of the known World and could he but have brooked an Equall he had never met Superiour Had these two lived in divers Ages or exercised their valour on the common Enemy the World had been too little to yeeld them imployments But turning their forces one against the other Pompey overthrown in the Field was basely murthered in Egypt and Caesar victoriously Conquerour in Thessalie was barbarously massacred in the Capitoll And though none of these four Worthies could settle the Monarchy in himself yet this shall be to their eternall memory recorded that they first opened the passage to others and first moved the stone which rowling along tumbled the People out of the Government 6 After the overthrow of Pompey and death of Caesar the Common-wealth might have recovered Liberty if either Caesar had left no heir and Pompey no children or rather if Antonius a man of an unquiet and turbulent spirit had not begun new troubles For he knowing the affection of the Common people unto young Octavius Caesars heir and hearing the continuall report of his approach to Rome for his Inheritance did by Decree of the Senate restore Sextus the sonne of Pompey to his blood and honours Hoping that
same Church with them as I see some doe yet I behold them as Assertors of some doctrinall truthes and professed Enemies of the errours and corruptions of the Church of Rome and therein as the Predecessours of the present Protestants 18 The Dukedom of BURGUNDIE THe Dukedom of BURGUNDIE hath on the East the Frenche Countie and some part of Savoy on the West Bourbonois on the North Champagne on the South La Bresse â—ionois and some part of Beau-joulois A Province so well watred with pleasant and profitable Rivers that as Qu. Catharine de Medices used to say of France That it had more fair Rivers than all Europe so we may say of this Countrie That it hath more fine Riverets than all France here being the Rivers of 1 Armacan 2 Serum 3 Curi 4 Torney 5 Valence 6 Dove 7 Brune 8 Sâ—â—n 9 Louche and 10 Soasne the Araxis of the antient Writers this last dividing the two Burgundies from one another Yet notwithstanding this great plentie of waters the Country generally is less fruitfull than the rest of France hardly yeelding sufficient for its own inhabitants except wines onely Chief Cities in it are 1 Dijon the birth-place of S. Bernard seated upon the Soasne and L'ouche in a champian Countrie the Town large populous and of great resort as being the Seat of the Governour and Parliamentary for the Province a Parliament being here erected Anno 147. Well fortified on all parts but specially defended by a strong Castle called Talente situate on an hill adjoyning It is called Divio in the Latine the Bishop hereof Divionensis 2 Chalons in Latin Caballinum called for distinctions sake Chalons upon Soasne to difference it from Chalons upon Marn in Champagne a Bishops See also as the other is and gives name to that noble Family of Chalons out of which the Princes of Orange are extracted being one of the four antient Families of Burgundie the other three Vienne Neufchatell and Vergie 3 Autun by Pâ—olomi called Augustodunum the chief Citie of the Hedui now a Bishops See heretofore the chief of all the Countrie some marks of the old splendour being still to be seen now very ordinarie and mean beautified only with some fair Churches which the ruines of time have not yet demolished 4 Beaulne seated on the Bursoize in the best and richest soyl of all Burgundie and yielding the best Wines in France remarkable for an Hospitall of so fair a building that it is thought equall to any Princes Palace in Europe and an impregnable Castle built by King Lewis the 12th 5 Alize now a small Village but of great name and power in the time of Caesar then called Alexia the chief â—ortress of Vercingetorâ— besieged herein by the said Caesar but so besieged that he had 70000 men in the Town for defence of the place and an Army of 30000 Galls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows So that he was fain to fortifie his Camp with two Walls the one against them within the Citie and the other against them without which done he kept such diligent watch and ward on both sides that the besieged heard sooner of the discomsiture of their Friends than they did of their comming Which fatall news being brought unto them the Town was yeelded And â—ercingetorix bravely mounted rode round about Caesar then sitting in his Chair of State disarmed himself took off his Horses caparisons and laying all upon the ground â—ate down at Caesars feet and became his Prisoner 5 Tournus encompassed with the Soasue 7 Semur consisting of three parts each of them severally walled and strongly fortified 8 Verdun 9 Nayâ— 10 St. Ligier famous for medicinall Bathes 11 Noyers on the Borders towards 〈◊〉 12 Auxerre by Antonine called Antisiodorum Of most note for the Councill held here Anno â—27 the Countrie about which is called Auxerrois and was an Earldom of it self till fold by John of Chalâ—ns great Grandchild of Joh the 7th Earl of Burgundie to Charles the fifth of France Anno 1370 by whom united to the Crown subjected to the Parliament of Paris and made part of Champagne Here is also within this Countrie the great and famous Monastery of â—isteaux the mother of so many Religious houses dispersed up and down in Europe from hence denominated and subject to the discipline and Rules hereof Within the limits of this Dukedom on the South parts of it stands the Earldom of CHAROLOIS heretofore the title of the eldest Sonne of the Dukes of Burgundie so called from Charolles the chief Town hereof situate in the borders of it towards La Bresse seized upon with the rest of this Dukedom by Lewis the 11th immediately on the death of Duke Charles the Warlike restored again to Philip the second King of Spain by Henry the second of France on the peace made at Cambray and subjected to the Parliament of Dole in the County of Burgundy as a part or member of that Estate So that neither the Governour of the Dukedom for the French King nor the Parliament of Digion have any thing to do in it The Arms hereof are Gules a Lyon passant regardant Or armed â—zure The antient Inhabitants of the whole Dukedom according to the limits before laid down were the Hedui one of the most potent Nations in all Gaule who calling in the Romans to aid them in their quarrels against the Sequani and Arverni made them all subject unto Rome In the prosperity whereof they made up the Province of Lugdunensis Prima of which Lions was the Metropolis or principall Citie Afterwards in the division of the French Kingdom of Burgundie by Charles the Bald this part thereof being called the Dukedom of Burgundy on this side of the Soasne was cantoned into the five Earldoms of Dijon Chalons Autun Lions and Mascon whereof the three first laid together by Odo or Eudes King of France during the minoritie of Charles the Simple given unto his Brother Richard both Sonnes of Robert Earl of Anjou under the stile and title of Duke o◠〈◊〉 The issue of this Robert failing it fell unto another Robert Sonne of Hugh Capet King of 〈◊〉 more worthily surnamed the Hardie together with the mariage of the Heir of 〈◊〉 Artois and the County of Burgundy An Argument of no great wisdom as was judiciously observed by King Lâ—wis the 11th For by this means those great Estates being united in one person and afterwards these estates improved by as prosperous mariages this house of Burgundy grew formidable to the Kings themselves who never left practising against it till they had brought 〈◊〉 to ruine and once again united this Dukedom to their own Estate from which at first it was dismembred The Dukes of Burgundy 89â— 1 Richard of Saxonie the second Sonne of Robert Earl of Anjou brother of Eudes and Father of Rodolâ—h Kings of France 938. 2 Gilbert the second Sonne of Richard 904. 3 Otho Sonne of Hugh Earl of Paris surnamed the Great and Brother of Hugh Capet King
Mettals some precious Stones good Wines and the choicest Fruits as Limons Orenges Pomgranats Citrons Figs Cherries and such as these excellent both for taste and colour and of Palm-trees a great abundance of which though we have spoke before yet we shall here more fully declare the nature and strange properties of them They grow in couples Male and Female both thrust forth Gods full of seed but the Female is only fruitfull and that not except growing by the Male and having his seeds mixt with hers The pith of these Trees is an excellent Sallad better then an Hartichoke which in taste it very much resembleth Of the branches they make Bedsteds Latices c. of the leaves Baskets Mats Fans c. of the outward husk of the Cod Cordage of the inner Brushes The fruit it bears best known by the name of Dates are in taste like Figs and finally it is said to yield whatsoever is necessary to the life of Man It is the nature of this Tree though never so ponderous a weight were put upon it not to yield to the burden but still to resist the heaviness of it and to endeavour to lift and raise it self the more upwards For this cause planted in Church-yards in the Eastern Countries as an Embleme of the Resurrection instead whereof we use the Ewe-tree in these cold Regions For the same reason given to Conquerours as a token of Victory it being the Embleme of Hieroglyphick of a Souldiers life Hence figuratively used for precedency as Huic equidem consilio palmam do in Terence sometimes for the Victory it self as Non auferent tamen hanc palmam in Plinic plurimarum palmarum homo for a man that had won many prizes in the Fence-School as in Tully pro Roscio more naturally for the sign of Victory as in that of Horace Palmaque nobilis Terrarum Dominos evehit ad Deos. That is to say The Palm of victory a signe Equal's men to the Powers Divine The People though the Countrie lie in the same Clime with Barbarie are not black but tawnie or Olive-coloured affirmed by Pomponius Mela to weep and mourn over the bodies of their dead daubed over with dung to have held it a great impiety to burn or bury them but having imbalmed them to lay them in some inward room of their Houses the men to keep themselves at home for the houshold businesses the women to follow merchandise and affairs abroad the men to carry burdens upon their heads and the women theirs upon their shoulders Antipodes in these last to most other Nations But certainly they were a witty and ingenious People the first Inventers of Geomotry Arithmâ—tick Physick as also of Astronomy Necromancy and Sorcery They first taught the use of Letters to the neighbouring Phoenicians by them imparted to the Greeks Accustomed at the first to express their conceits in the shape of Birds Beasts Trees c. which they termed Hieroglyphicks of which two or three Examples out of Orus will not be impertinent For Eternity they painted the Sun and Moon as things which they believed to have had no beginning nor were likely to have any end for a Year they painted a snake with his tail in his mouth to shew how one year succeeding another kept the World still in an endless circle For a moneth they painted a Palm-tree because at every new Moon it sendeth forth a new branch For God they painted a Falcon as well for that he soared so high as that he governeth the lesser birds For integrity of life they painted fire and water both because these Elements are in themselves most pure and because all other things are purified by them For any thing that was abominable to the Gods they painted a Fish because in their Sacrifices the Priests never used them and the like From this manner of expressing ones self the invention of Letters is thought to have had its original though learnt by them no question of the children of Israel when they lived amongst them the History whereof take briefly and word for word out of Tacitus Primi per formas animalium Aegyptii c. The Egyptians first of all expressed the conceptions of the minde by the shapes of beasts and the most ancient monuments of mans memory are seen graven in stones and they say that they are the first inventers of Letters Then the Phoenicians because they were strong at Sea brought them into Grâ—ece and so they had the glory of that which they received from others For there goeth a report that Cadmus sailing thither in a Phoenician ship was the Inventer of that Art among the Greeks when they were yet unexpert and rude Some report that Cecrops the Athenian or Livius the Theban and Palamedes the Graecian did finde out sixteen Characters at the time of the Trojan War and that afterward Simonides added the rest But in Italy the Etrurians learned them of Demaratus the Corinthian and the Aborigines of Evander the Arcadian So far Tacitus That the Phoenicians were the first inventers of Letters I dare not affirm and as backward am I to refer the glory hereof to the Egyptians for certainly the Hebrews were herein skilled before either yet that the Phoenicians were herein School-masters to the Greeks I think I may with safety maintain having Lucan in consent with Tacitus Phoenices primi fama si creditur ausi Mansuram rudibus vocem signare figuris Phoenicians first if fame may credit have Dar'd in rude Characters our words ingrave Of this minde also is Isidore of Sevill in the first book of Originations who also addeth that for that cause the Fronts of Books and the Titles of Chapters were written in red letters as it is by some still in use Hinc est quod Phoeniceo colore librorum capita describantur quia ab ipsis literae initium habuere cap. 3. As for these less vulgar Letters which the Latines call Cyphrae and whereof every exercised Statesman have peculiar to himself they were first invented by Julius Caesar when he first began to think of the Roman Monarchy and were used by him in his Letters to his more private and tryed friends that if by misfortune they should be intercepted the contents of them should not be understood 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ne obvia literarum lectio cuivis esset Augustus one of the greatest Politicians of the World had another kinde of obscure writing for in his Letters of more secrecy and importance he always used 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to put the letter immediatly following in the order of the Alphabet for that which in ordinary writing he should have used As for Brachygraphie or the Art of writing by short Characters so usefull for the taking of a Speech or Sermon as it is spoken I finde in Dion that Moecenas that great favorite of Augustus Caesar and favourer of Learning did first invent them ad celeritatem scribendi for the speedier dispatch of writing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉