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A51536 A brief discourse of a passage by the North-pole to Japan, China, &c. pleaded by three experiments, and answers to all objections that can be urged against a passage that way ... with a map of all the discovered lands neerest to the pole / by Jospeh Moxon ... Moxon, Joseph, 1627-1691. 1674 (1674) Wing M2999; ESTC R225061 4,142 8

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A BRIEF DISCOURSE OF A PASSAGE BY THE North-POLE TO IAPAN CHINA c. Pleaded by Three Experiments And Answers to all Objections that can be urged against a Passage that way As 1. By a Navigation from Amsterdam into the North-Pole and two Degrees beyond it 2. By a Navigation from Iapan towards the North-Pole 3. By an Experiment made by the Czar of Muscovy whereby it appears that to the Northwards of Nova Zembla is a free and open Sea as far as Iapan China c. With a MAP of all the Discovered Lands neerest to the Pole By Ioseph Moxon Hydrographer to the King 's most Excellent Majesty LONDON Printed for Ioseph Moxon and sold at his Shop at the Sign of Atlas on Ludgate-Hill 1674. A Brief Discourse of a Passage by the North-Pole to Japan China c. AMong the many Essaies that have been made to find a neer Passage to Iapan China c. the most probable and likely hath as yet in my opinion been over-seen or at least not attempted And therefore I shall hereby communicate my Conceptions to Publick approbation or censure It is that a Passage may very probably be about the North-Pole And the Reason inducing me to conceive so is That we have no certainty from all the Discoveries that have been made of any Land lying within 8 degrees about the Pole But on the contrary that I have credibly been informed by a Steer-man of a Dutch Greenland Ship that there is a free and open Sea under the very Pole and somewhat beyond it And I for my own part give credit to his Relation and do conceive that any sober ingenious Man would do the like did he know in what an honest manner and by what an un-interessed accident I hapned to hear it For thus it was Being about 22 years ago in Amsterdam I went into a Drinking-house to drink a cup of Beer for my thirst and sitting by the publick Fire among several People there hapned a Seaman to come in who seeing a Friend of his there who he knew went in the Greenland Voyage wondred to see him because it was not yet time for the Greenland Fleet to come home and ask'd him what accident brought him home so soon His Friend who was the Steer-man aforesaid in a Greenland Ship that Summer told him that their Ship went not out to Fish that Summer but only to take in the Lading of the whole Fleet to bring it to an early Market c. But said he before the Fleet had caught Fish enough to lade us we by order of the Greenland Company Sailed into the North-Pole and came back again Whereupon his Relation being Novel to me I entred discourse with him and seem'd to question the truth of what he said But he did ensure me it was true and that the Ship was then in Amsterdam and many of the Seamen belonging to her to justifie the truth of it And told me moreover that they sailed 2 degrees beyond the Pole I askt him if they found no Land or Islands about the Pole He told me No there was a free and open Sea I askt him if they did not meet with a great deal of Ice He told me No they saw no Ice I askt him what Weather they had there He told me fine warm Weather such as was at Amsterdam in the Summer time and as hot I should have askt him more questions but that he was ingaged in discourse with his Friend and I could not in modesty interrupt them longer But I believe the Steer-man spoke matter of fact and truth for he seem'd a plain honest and unaffectatious Person and one who could have no design upon me But though I believe this story yet methinks I hear many object against it and are apt to urge three seeming Reasons to prove it false or at least some particulars of his Relation And first That it cannot be warm under the Pole because that about Greenland and many other Parts less Northerly the Sea is so full of great Bodies of Ice that Ships can hardly sail for it Secondly Or if warm yet not so warm as at Amsterdam in the Summer time because the farther Northerly the colder Weather Thirdly Or if they were under the Pole that they could not tell how to come back but that they might as well go farther from as return nearer to home because the Needle pointing always North they must needs lose themselves in the North-Pole where it must indifferently respect all points of the Horizon alike One Answer may serve to the first and second Objection That it cannot be warm under the North-Pole c. If we consult the Experience of Travellers and Navigators we are told that between the Tropicks nay under the Equinoctial is generally as moderate Weather as here in England in Summer time Why may it not then be as warm under the Pole as here or at Amsterdam in the Summer time The small height the Sun hath there can be no exception for then we having the Sun in its Summer Solstice in lesser Altitude than between the Tropicks it must needs be much colder here which is contradicted But one Reason why it is as warm here as between the Tropicks is because between the Tropicks the Sun remains scarce above 12 hours of 24 above the Horizon to warm it when as here it remains almost 17 hours of 24 above the Horizon and therefore leaves a greater impression of heat upon it And the farther Northward we go the longer it remains above the Horizon and less under the Horizon every 24 hours till we come within the Arctick Circle where the Sun remains for half a year together viz. all the Summer above the Horizon and never sets And therefore though his beams are not so perpendicular yet they must needs cause a great degree of heat upon the Horizon And if it be argued that it is so cold about Greenland c. and the Seas so full of Ice that Ships can hardly sail for it yet cannot that Argument prove that it is so about the Pole Because the Ice is made about shoars of Land but never in open Sea and comes there only by strength of Currents or high Winds which does indeed carry it some small distance from the shoar But as this Relator said there is under the Pole a free and open Sea c. and consequently void of Ice in Summer time at least Besides experience tells us that all Land-briezes are colder than those that come from Sea and therefore it may be cold about Greenland because of the Land and yet warm under the Pole where the Sea is open c. The third Objection is that if they were under the Pole they could not tell how to come back because of the indifferency the Needle should bear to every point of the Horizon I examined not my Relator upon this Argument though when I was parted from him I was sorry I did not But it is easie to